WO2018174596A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer une distance dans un système de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer une distance dans un système de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018174596A1
WO2018174596A1 PCT/KR2018/003357 KR2018003357W WO2018174596A1 WO 2018174596 A1 WO2018174596 A1 WO 2018174596A1 KR 2018003357 W KR2018003357 W KR 2018003357W WO 2018174596 A1 WO2018174596 A1 WO 2018174596A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
transmission
receiving
frequency
transmitting
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PCT/KR2018/003357
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
서한별
박창환
윤석현
채혁진
강지원
김기준
김병훈
안준기
이상림
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엘지전자 주식회사
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Priority to US16/495,240 priority Critical patent/US11061128B2/en
Priority to EP18770482.0A priority patent/EP3591430B1/fr
Priority to CN201880033315.2A priority patent/CN110709726B/zh
Priority to KR1020197027176A priority patent/KR102259394B1/ko
Publication of WO2018174596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018174596A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/36—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/36—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • G01S13/38—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal wherein more than one modulation frequency is used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/84—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted for distance determination by phase measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • G01S7/356—Receivers involving particularities of FFT processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/265—Fourier transform demodulators, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2662—Symbol synchronisation
    • H04L27/2665—Fine synchronisation, e.g. by positioning the FFT window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates

Definitions

  • TECHNICAL FIELD This specification relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for measuring distance in a wireless communication system.
  • ITU-R International Telecommunication Union Radio communication sector
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project is a system standard that meets the requirements of IMT-Advanced.
  • Long Term Evolution is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) / Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) transmission.
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A is one of the potential candidates for IMT-Advanced.
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • D2D is drawing attention as a communication technology for a public safety network.
  • Commercial communication networks are rapidly changing to LTE, but current public safety networks are mainly based on 2G technology in terms of cost and conflict with existing communication standards. This gap in technology and the need for improved services have led to efforts to improve public safety networks.
  • Public safety networks have higher service requirements (reliability and security) than commercial communication networks, and require direct signal transmission and reception, or D2D operation, between devices, especially when cellular coverage is not available or available. .
  • the D2D operation may have various advantages in that it transmits and receives signals between adjacent devices.
  • the D2D user equipment has a high data rate and low delay and can perform data communication.
  • the D2D operation may distribute traffic congested at the base station, and may also serve to extend the coverage of the base station if the D2D terminal serves as a relay.
  • V2D communication can be extended and applied to signal transmission and reception between vehicles, and communication related to a vehicle (VEHICLE) is specifically called V2X (VEHICLE-TO-EVERYTHING) communication.
  • V2X VEHICLE-TO-EVERYTHING
  • V2X the term 'X' may be pedestrian (PEDESTRIAN), vehicle (VEHICLE), infrastructure (INFRASTRUCTURE / NETWORK), etc., in turn can be expressed as V2P, V2V, V2I / N.
  • the wireless communication system may transmit a signal using semi-persistent scheduling (SPS).
  • SPS semi-persistent scheduling
  • the semi-static scheduling after specifying a period for transmitting a signal through a higher layer signal in advance, informing the specific resource while instructing the activation of the SPS through the control channel, the modulation and coding scheme indicated by the control channel during the period is indicated.
  • the signal transmission according to the SPS can also be used for V2X communication.
  • a direct link between terminals may also be called a sidelink.
  • both dynamic and semi-static scheduling can be used as scheduling methods.
  • This specification proposes a distance measurement technique of improved performance.
  • the present specification proposes a method for measuring a distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device in a wireless communication system including a transmitting device and a receiving device processing a signal on a symbol-by-symbol basis, and a transmitting device and / or a receiving device implementing the method. .
  • the transmitting device to the receiving device, transmitting a transmission signal through a preset first frequency and a second frequency;
  • the transmission device receives a reception signal corresponding to the transmission signal from the reception device, wherein the reception signal includes a first reception component corresponding to the first frequency and a second reception component corresponding to the second frequency.
  • a phase difference set by the receiving device is applied between the phase of the first receiving component and the phase of the second receiving component, wherein the phase difference is a reception time when the transmission signal is received by the receiving device and the transmission.
  • a signal is set based on a difference between processing points processed by the receiving device; And calculating, by the transmitting apparatus, a distance between the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus based on the first receiving component and the second receiving component.
  • One example of the present specification proposes a distance measuring technique of improved performance even when synchronization between entities of a wireless communication system is not secured.
  • One example herein provides improved performance in distance measurement between vehicles or distance measurement between entities on a wireless communication system.
  • 1 shows a wireless communication system.
  • FIG 3 shows an example of a resource grid for one downlink slot.
  • 5 shows a structure of an uplink subframe.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a radio protocol architecture for the user plane.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a radio protocol structure for a control plane.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a user plane protocol stack for ProSe direct communication.
  • 11 shows a PC 5 interface for D2D discovery.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating operations in a transmitter and a receiver.
  • FIG 13 illustrates a situation in which an example of the present specification may be applied.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example of first transmitting antenna group and beam information, and then measuring distance between vehicles through a distance measurement signal.
  • FIG. 15 is an example of a modified example of FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 16 is an example which modified the example of FIG.
  • 17 illustrates an example of measuring a round trip time between two vehicles based on a regression signal transmitted from a receiving vehicle.
  • 19 is a detailed block diagram of a transceiver.
  • the present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for transmitting control information in a wireless communication system supporting carrier aggregation (CA) in a wireless communication system.
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • the following description will be based on 3GPP LTE supporting carrier aggregation (CA) and its evolution, but is not limited thereto.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • E-UMTS Evolved-UMTS
  • E-UTRAN Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • SCD Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • LTE-A Advanced is the evolution of LTE.
  • 1 shows a wireless communication system.
  • the E-UTRAN includes a base station (BS) 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE).
  • the terminal 10 may be fixed or mobile and may be called by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device (Wireless Device), and the like.
  • the base station 20 refers to a fixed station communicating with the terminal 10, and may be referred to by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, and the like.
  • eNB evolved-NodeB
  • BTS base transceiver system
  • access point and the like.
  • the base stations 20 may be connected to each other through an X2 interface.
  • the base station 20 is connected to a Serving Gateway (S-GW) through an MME (Mobility Management Entity) and an S1-U through an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 30, more specifically, an S1-MME through an S1 interface.
  • S-GW Serving Gateway
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • EPC 30 is composed of MME, S-GW and P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway).
  • the MME has information about the access information of the terminal or the capability of the terminal, and this information is mainly used for mobility management of the terminal.
  • S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRAN as an endpoint
  • P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an endpoint.
  • Layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between the terminal and the network are based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model, which is widely known in communication systems.
  • L2 second layer
  • L3 third layer
  • the RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the RRC layer located in the third layer plays a role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the terminal and the base station.
  • a radio frame consists of 10 subframes, and one subframe consists of two slots.
  • One subframe may have a length of 1 ms, and one slot may have a length of 0.5 ms.
  • the time taken for one subframe to be transmitted is called a transmission time interval (TTI).
  • TTI may be a minimum unit of scheduling.
  • One slot may include a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain.
  • the OFDM symbol is used to represent one symbol period since 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in downlink, and may be called a different name according to a multiple access scheme.
  • SC-FDMA orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • One slot includes 7 OFDM symbols as an example, but the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may vary according to the length of a cyclic prefix (CP).
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • one subframe includes 7 OFDM symbols in a normal CP and one subframe includes 6 OFDM symbols in an extended CP.
  • the structure of the radio frame is only an example, and the number of subframes included in the radio frame and the number of slots included in the subframe may be variously changed.
  • FIG 3 shows an example of a resource grid for one downlink slot.
  • the downlink slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain and NRB resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.
  • the RB includes one slot in the time domain and a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain in resource allocation units.
  • the number NRB of resource blocks included in the downlink slot depends on the downlink transmission bandwidth set in the cell.
  • the NRB may be any one of 6 to 110.
  • the structure of the uplink slot may also be the same as that of the downlink slot.
  • Each element on the resource grid is called a resource element (RE).
  • one resource block includes 7 OFDM symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain to include 7 ⁇ 12 resource elements, but the number of OFDM symbols and the number of subcarriers in the resource block It is not limited to this.
  • the number of OFDM symbols and the number of subcarriers can be variously changed according to the length of the CP, frequency spacing, and the like. For example, the number of OFDM symbols is 7 for a normal CP and the number of OFDM symbols is 6 for an extended CP.
  • the number of subcarriers in one OFDM symbol may be selected and used among 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 and 2048.
  • the subframe 4 shows an example of a downlink subframe structure in 3GPP LTE.
  • the subframe includes two consecutive slots. Up to three OFDM symbols of the first slot in the downlink subframe are control regions to which a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is allocated, and the remaining OFDM symbols are a data region to which a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is allocated. region).
  • the control region may be allocated a control channel such as a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) and a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH).
  • PCFICH physical control format indicator channel
  • PHICH physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel
  • the UE may read the data information transmitted through the PDSCH by decoding the control information transmitted through the PDCCH.
  • the control region includes 3 OFDM symbols.
  • the PDCCH carries a downlink grant informing of resource allocation of downlink transmission on the PDSCH. More specifically, the PDCCH is a higher layer control message such as a resource allocation and transmission format of a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), paging information on a paging channel (PCH), system information on a DL-SCH, and a random access response transmitted on a PDSCH. Resource allocation, transmission power control command, and activation of voice over IP (VoIP).
  • the PDCCH carries an uplink grant informing the UE of resource allocation of uplink transmission.
  • the number of OFDM symbols included in the control region in the subframe can be known through the PCFICH.
  • the PHICH carries a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) / negative-acknowledgement (NACK) signal in response to uplink transmission.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • NACK negative-acknowledgement
  • 5 shows a structure of an uplink subframe.
  • an uplink subframe may be divided into a control region and a data region in the frequency domain.
  • the control region is allocated a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) for transmitting uplink control information.
  • the data region is allocated a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) for transmitting data (which may optionally be transmitted with control information).
  • the UE may simultaneously transmit the PUCCH and the PUSCH, or may transmit only one of the PUCCH and the PUSCH.
  • PUCCH for one UE is allocated to an RB pair in a subframe.
  • Resource blocks belonging to a resource block pair occupy different subcarriers in each of a first slot and a second slot.
  • the frequency occupied by RBs belonging to the RB pair allocated to the PUCCH is changed based on a slot boundary. This is called that the RB pair allocated to the PUCCH is frequency-hopped at the slot boundary.
  • the terminal may obtain a frequency diversity gain by transmitting uplink control information through different subcarriers over time.
  • HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
  • ACK Non-acknowledgement
  • NACK Non-acknowledgement
  • channel status information indicating the downlink channel status, for example, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), PMI on the PUCCH (precoding matrix index), PTI (precoding type indicator), rank indication (RI), etc.
  • CQI Channel Quality Indicator
  • PMI on the PUCCH precoding matrix index
  • PTI precoding type indicator
  • RI rank indication
  • the uplink data transmitted on the PUSCH may be a transport block which is a data block for the UL-SCH transmitted during the TTI.
  • the transport block may include user data.
  • the uplink data may be multiplexed data.
  • the multiplexed data may be multiplexed of a transport block and channel state information for the UL-SCH.
  • channel state information multiplexed with data may include CQI, PMI, RI, and the like.
  • the uplink data may consist of channel state information only.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a radio protocol architecture for a user plane
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a radio protocol architecture for a control plane.
  • the user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission
  • the control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.
  • a physical layer (PHY) layer provides an information transfer service to a higher layer using a physical channel.
  • the physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a transport channel. Data is moved between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the air interface.
  • MAC medium access control
  • the physical channel may be modulated by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels and multiplexing / demultiplexing into transport blocks provided as physical channels on transport channels of MAC service data units (SDUs) belonging to the logical channels.
  • the MAC layer provides a service to a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer through a logical channel.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • RLC layer Functions of the RLC layer include concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the RLC layer has a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (Acknowledged Mode).
  • TM transparent mode
  • UM unacknowledged mode
  • Acknowledged Mode acknowledged mode
  • AM Three modes of operation (AM).
  • AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ).
  • the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane.
  • the RRC layer is responsible for the control of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in connection with configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers.
  • RB means a logical path provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • Functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer in the user plane include delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering.
  • the functionality of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer in the control plane includes the transfer of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.
  • the establishment of the RB means a process of defining characteristics of a radio protocol layer and a channel to provide a specific service, and setting each specific parameter and operation method.
  • RB can be further divided into SRB (Signaling RB) and DRB (Data RB).
  • SRB is used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane
  • DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.
  • the UE If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC connected state, otherwise it is in an RRC idle state.
  • the downlink transmission channel for transmitting data from the network to the UE includes a BCH (Broadcast Channel) for transmitting system information and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
  • Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH).
  • the uplink transport channel for transmitting data from the terminal to the network includes a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
  • RACH random access channel
  • SCH uplink shared channel
  • BCCH broadcast control channel
  • PCCH paging control channel
  • CCCH common control channel
  • MCCH multicast control channel
  • MTCH multicast traffic
  • the physical channel is composed of several OFDM symbols in the time domain and several sub-carriers in the frequency domain.
  • One sub-frame consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain.
  • the RB is a resource allocation unit and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of subcarriers.
  • each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (eg, the first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), that is, the L1 / L2 control channel.
  • Transmission Time Interval is a unit time of subframe transmission.
  • the RRC state refers to whether or not the RRC layer of the UE is in a logical connection with the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN. If connected, the RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED), if not connected, the RRC idle state ( RRC_IDLE). Since the UE in the RRC connected state has an RRC connection, the E-UTRAN can grasp the existence of the corresponding UE in a cell unit, and thus can effectively control the UE. On the other hand, the UE of the RRC idle state cannot be understood by the E-UTRAN, and is managed by the CN (core network) in units of a tracking area, which is a larger area unit than the cell. That is, the UE in the RRC idle state is identified only in a large area unit, and must move to the RRC connected state in order to receive a normal mobile communication service such as voice or data.
  • CN core network
  • the terminal When the user first powers on the terminal, the terminal first searches for an appropriate cell and then stays in an RRC idle state in the cell.
  • the UE in the RRC idle state needs to establish an RRC connection, it establishes an RRC connection with the E-UTRAN through an RRC connection procedure and transitions to the RRC connected state.
  • RRC connection procedure There are several cases in which the UE in RRC idle state needs to establish an RRC connection. For example, an uplink data transmission is necessary due to a user's call attempt, or a paging message is sent from E-UTRAN. If received, a response message may be sent.
  • the non-access stratum (NAS) layer located above the RRC layer performs functions such as session management and mobility management.
  • EMM-REGISTERED EPS Mobility Management-REGISTERED
  • EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-DEREGISTERED
  • the initial terminal is in the EMM-DEREGISTERED state, and the terminal performs a process of registering with the corresponding network through an initial attach procedure to access the network. If the attach procedure is successfully performed, the UE and the MME are in the EMM-REGISTERED state.
  • an EPS Connection Management (ECM) -IDLE state In order to manage a signaling connection between the UE and the EPC, two states are defined, an EPS Connection Management (ECM) -IDLE state and an ECM-CONNECTED state, and these two states are applied to the UE and the MME.
  • ECM EPS Connection Management
  • ECM-IDLE state When the UE in the ECM-IDLE state establishes an RRC connection with the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the ECM-CONNECTED state.
  • the MME in the ECM-IDLE state becomes the ECM-CONNECTED state when it establishes an S1 connection with the E-UTRAN.
  • the E-UTRAN does not have context information of the terminal.
  • the UE in the ECM-IDLE state performs a terminal-based mobility related procedure such as cell selection or cell reselection without receiving a command from the network.
  • a terminal-based mobility related procedure such as cell selection or cell reselection without receiving a command from the network.
  • the terminal when the terminal is in the ECM-CONNECTED state, the mobility of the terminal is managed by the command of the network.
  • the terminal In the ECM-IDLE state, if the position of the terminal is different from the position known by the network, the terminal informs the network of the corresponding position of the terminal through a tracking area update procedure.
  • ProSe proximity based services
  • ProSe has ProSe communication and ProSe direct discovery.
  • ProSe direct communication refers to communication performed between two or more neighboring terminals.
  • the terminals may perform communication using a user plane protocol.
  • ProSe-enabled UE refers to a terminal that supports a procedure related to the requirements of ProSe.
  • ProSe capable terminals include both public safety UEs and non-public safety UEs.
  • the public safety terminal is a terminal that supports both a public safety-specific function and a ProSe process.
  • a non-public safety terminal is a terminal that supports a ProSe process but does not support a function specific to public safety.
  • ProSe direct discovery is a process for ProSe capable terminals to discover other ProSe capable terminals that are adjacent to each other, using only the capabilities of the two ProSe capable terminals.
  • EPC-level ProSe discovery refers to a process in which an EPC determines whether two ProSe capable terminals are in proximity and informs the two ProSe capable terminals of their proximity.
  • ProSe direct communication may be referred to as D2D communication
  • ProSe direct discovery may be referred to as D2D discovery.
  • a reference structure for ProSe includes a plurality of terminals including an E-UTRAN, an EPC, and a ProSe application program, a ProSe application server, and a ProSe function.
  • EPC represents the E-UTRAN core network structure.
  • the EPC may include MME, S-GW, P-GW, policy and charging rules function (PCRF), home subscriber server (HSS), and the like.
  • PCRF policy and charging rules function
  • HSS home subscriber server
  • ProSe application server is a user of ProSe ability to create application functions.
  • the ProSe application server may communicate with an application program in the terminal.
  • An application program in the terminal may use the ProSe capability to create a coagulation function.
  • the ProSe function may include at least one of the following, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • PC1 This is a reference point between a ProSe application in a terminal and a ProSe application in a ProSe application server. This is used to define signaling requirements at the application level.
  • PC2 Reference point between ProSe application server and ProSe function. This is used to define the interaction between the ProSe application server and ProSe functionality. An application data update of the ProSe database of the ProSe function may be an example of the interaction.
  • PC3 Reference point between the terminal and the ProSe function. Used to define the interaction between the UE and the ProSe function.
  • the setting for ProSe discovery and communication may be an example of the interaction.
  • PC4 Reference point between the EPC and ProSe functions. It is used to define the interaction between the EPC and ProSe functions. The interaction may exemplify when establishing a path for 1: 1 communication between terminals, or when authenticating a ProSe service for real time session management or mobility management.
  • PC5 Reference point for using the control / user plane for discovery and communication, relay, and 1: 1 communication between terminals.
  • PC6 Reference point for using features such as ProSe discovery among users belonging to different PLMNs.
  • SGi can be used for application data and application level control information exchange.
  • the D2D operation may be supported in both the case where the UE receives service within the coverage of the network (cell) or the case out of the coverage of the network.
  • terminals A and B may be located outside cell coverage.
  • UE A may be located within cell coverage and UE B may be located outside cell coverage.
  • UEs A and B may both be located within a single cell coverage.
  • UE A may be located within the coverage of the first cell and UE B may be located within the coverage of the second cell.
  • the D2D operation may be performed between terminals located at various locations as shown in FIG. 9.
  • Resource allocation for D2D communication may use at least one of the following two modes.
  • Mode 1 is a mode for scheduling resources for ProSe direct communication from a base station.
  • the UE In order to transmit data in mode 1, the UE must be in an RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • the terminal requests the base station for transmission resources, and the base station schedules resources for scheduling allocation and data transmission.
  • the terminal may transmit a scheduling request to the base station and may transmit a ProSe BSR (Buffer Status Report). Based on the ProSe BSR, the base station determines that the terminal has data for ProSe direct communication and needs resources for this transmission.
  • ProSe BSR Buffer Status Report
  • Mode 2 is a mode in which the terminal directly selects a resource.
  • the terminal selects a resource for direct ProSe direct communication from a resource pool.
  • the resource pool may be set or predetermined by the network.
  • the terminal when the terminal has a serving cell, that is, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state with the base station or located in a specific cell in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal is considered to be within the coverage of the base station.
  • mode 2 may be applied. If the terminal is in coverage, mode 1 or mode 2 may be used depending on the configuration of the base station.
  • the terminal may change the mode from mode 1 to mode 2 or from mode 2 to mode 1 only when the base station is configured.
  • D2D discovery refers to a procedure used by a ProSe capable terminal to discover other ProSe capable terminals in proximity, and may also be referred to as ProSe direct discovery.
  • Information used for ProSe direct discovery is referred to as discovery information hereinafter.
  • the PC 5 interface can be used for D2D discovery.
  • the PC 5 interface consists of the MAC layer, the PHY layer, and the higher layer, ProSe Protocol layer.
  • the upper layer (ProSe Protocol) deals with the announcement of discovery information and permission for monitoring, and the content of discovery information is transparent to the access stratum (AS). )Do.
  • the ProSe Protocol ensures that only valid discovery information is sent to the AS for the announcement.
  • the MAC layer receives discovery information from a higher layer (ProSe Protocol).
  • the IP layer is not used for sending discovery information.
  • the MAC layer determines the resources used to announce the discovery information received from the upper layer.
  • the MAC layer creates a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) that carries discovery information and sends it to the physical layer. The MAC header is not added.
  • PDU MAC protocol data unit
  • the base station provides the UEs with a resource pool configuration for discovery information announcement.
  • This configuration may be included in a system information block (SIB) and signaled in a broadcast manner.
  • SIB system information block
  • the configuration may be provided included in a terminal specific RRC message.
  • the configuration may be broadcast signaling or terminal specific signaling of another layer besides the RRC message.
  • the terminal selects a resource from the indicated resource pool by itself and announces the discovery information using the selected resource.
  • the terminal may announce the discovery information through a randomly selected resource during each discovery period.
  • the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state may request a resource for discovery signal announcement from the base station through the RRC signal.
  • the base station may allocate resources for discovery signal announcement with the RRC signal.
  • the UE may be allocated a resource for monitoring the discovery signal within the configured resource pool.
  • the base station 1) may inform the SIB of the type 1 resource pool for discovery signal announcement.
  • ProSe direct UEs are allowed to use the Type 1 resource pool for discovery information announcement in the RRC_IDLE state.
  • the base station may indicate that the base station supports ProSe direct discovery through 2) SIB, but may not provide a resource for discovery information announcement. In this case, the terminal must enter the RRC_CONNECTED state for the discovery information announcement.
  • the base station may set whether the terminal uses a type 1 resource pool or type 2 resource for discovery information announcement through an RRC signal.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a user plane protocol stack for ProSe direct communication.
  • the PC 5 interface may be configured with a PDCH, RLC, MAC, and PHY layer.
  • the MAC header may include a source layer-2 ID and a destination layer-2 ID.
  • 11 shows a PC 5 interface for D2D discovery.
  • the PC 5 interface is composed of a MAC layer, a PHY layer, and a higher layer, ProSe Protocol.
  • the upper layer deals with the announcement of discovery information and permission for monitoring, and the content of discovery information is transparent to the access stratum (AS). )Do.
  • the ProSe Protocol ensures that only valid discovery information is sent to the AS for the announcement.
  • the MAC layer receives discovery information from a higher layer (ProSe Protocol).
  • the IP layer is not used for sending discovery information.
  • the MAC layer determines the resources used to announce the discovery information received from the upper layer.
  • the MAC layer creates a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) that carries discovery information and sends it to the physical layer.
  • PDU MAC protocol data unit
  • V2D operation may also be applied to vehicle-to-everything (V2X).
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • a direct link between terminals may be referred to as a sidelink.
  • Methods / devices in accordance with the following distance measurement techniques may be utilized to use distance, direction, and location between wireless communication systems.
  • the following method / apparatus may be applied to the above-described V2X or may be utilized in general wireless communication. For example, it can be used to measure the distance between a particular entity (eg, a vehicle) and another entity in a V2X system, or can be used to measure the coordinates of a particular entity on a 3GPP network.
  • OTDOA Observed Time Difference Of Arrival
  • 3GPP Rel-9 uses at least three base stations including a serving base station.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • two hyperbolic equations are generated based on reference signal time difference (RSTD) information of the base station downlink signal, and an operation for obtaining a solution of the corresponding equation is performed.
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • time synchronization between entities transmitting signals for distance measurement must be ensured.
  • the distance measuring technique according to the present specification does not need to secure time synchronization of the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus, as described below, and provides higher accuracy than the conventional technique. As a result, it can be applied to a V2X system requiring accurate distance measurement, and can be applied to various systems requiring precise distance measurement.
  • the distance measurement technique may include a method of measuring a distance between wireless communication devices.
  • the apparatuses ie, the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus
  • the distance measurement may measure the distance by using phase information of radio signals transmitted from each other.
  • a situation in which a signal is transmitted and received using two frequencies w 1 and w 2 has been described, but the number of frequencies used for transmission and reception may be variously determined.
  • a situation in which a plurality of frequencies are simultaneously transmitted is assumed, but it is also possible to transmit at a different predetermined time point and to apply the principles of the present specification in consideration of this.
  • the observed signal is expressed by the following equation.
  • A is the amplitude of the radio signal at that location and k is Is a variable that satisfies the condition, and c means the speed of light.
  • the transmitting device is a device for transmitting a transmission signal for distance measurement
  • the receiving device is a device for receiving the transmission signal, processing the same, and then transmitting the reception signal generated by the reception device to the transmission device.
  • An example of FIG. 12 relates to a technique by which a transmitting device measures a distance between the transmitting device and a receiving device via the received signal.
  • a time point at which a transmitting device and a receiving device perform a signal transmission and reception operation is quantized.
  • the boundary point of each OFDM symbol is a quantized time point for performing transmission and reception operations.
  • the start of the transmission and reception operation of convenience the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus starts at t s, TX and t s, RX, respectively, to assume that every t symb appears repeatedly for OFDM t symb can be the length of the OFDM symbol Can be.
  • a ranging signal ie, a transmitting signal
  • the initial phases of the two frequency components of the transmission signal may be set to be the same or may be set differently from each other by a predetermined amount.
  • the transmission signal observed at the position of the transmission device is displayed as follows.
  • OFDM processing using fast Fourier transform FFT
  • the value obtained by the receiving device for the frequency w 1 component as a result of FFT Is represented by the following formula.
  • the receiving device obtains the two values ( , ) Can be compared as follows.
  • the receiver can calculate t s, RX -t a, RX through Equation 6. Since t s, RX represents the point in time when the ranging signal is actually received by the receiving device , and t a, RX represents the point of OFDM processing in the receiving device, the result is that the receiving device starts the OFDM processing and the actual signal. The difference between the time points at which the receiver reaches the receiving device can be calculated.
  • the receiving device may calculate the time when the signal transmitted by the specific transmitting device actually arrives through proper phase calculation. In particular, this part is helpful when several devices transmit signals using different frequencies, and the receiving device still performs a simple phase following only a single FFT operation on a signal in which all signals overlap at a specific quantized point in time. Calculations can be used to determine when individual signals are received. In order for the receiving device to know when an individual signal is received without using the above improved technique, whether or not a specific signal has been reached at each time point in the time dimension (for example, the value of correlating the expected signal with the actual signal is a certain level). Very complex calculations and signal processing are required.
  • a symbol is a unit including a conventional OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA symbol, and means a time unit for transmitting / receiving a radio signal.
  • the transmission device 1210 is a device for transmitting the transmission signal 1230 for distance measurement
  • the reception device 1220 is a signal transmitted from the transmission device 1210 (that is, Transmission signal).
  • the transmitting device 1210 may transmit the transmission signal 1230 through a preset first frequency and a second frequency (eg, w 1 , w 2 ). That is, the transmission signal 1230 may include a first transmission component corresponding to the first frequency w 1 and may include a second transmission component corresponding to the second frequency w 2 .
  • the transmission signal 1230 including the first / second transmission component may be represented by Equation 2 and / or Equation 3 above.
  • the transmission signal 1230 arrives at the reception device 1220 at a "reception time point 1240," which is represented as t a, RX in the above-described example. Since the reception device 1220 processes the transmission signal 1230 in symbol units (for example, OFDM processing), the actual processing for the corresponding signal begins at the processing point 1250.
  • the receiving device 1220 calculates X RX (w 1 ) as shown in Equation 4 through the FFT operation 1260 for the first transmission component, and performs the math through the FFT operation 1260 for the second transmission component.
  • X RX (w 2 ) as shown in Equation 5 can be calculated.
  • the receiving device 1220 compares two different FFT calculation values (for example, by applying Equation 6), so that the processing point 1250 and the receiving point 1240 in the receiving device 1220 are performed. ) Difference can be calculated.
  • the first frequency w 1 and the second frequency w 2 may be determined in consideration of various situations.
  • the difference between the first frequency w 1 and the second frequency w 2 may be calculated as the difference between the processing time point 1250 and the reception time point 1240.
  • the receiving device 1220 may easily obtain the difference between the processing time point 1250 and the receiving time point 1240. That is, when the difference between the first and second frequency is large, even when the difference between the processing time point 1250 and the reception time point 1240 is small, the final result value of Equation 6 becomes large, so that a small difference can be easily found.
  • the difference between the preset frequencies may be fixed but may be adaptively determined in consideration of channel characteristics. For example, at the transmitting device 1210, the receiving device 1220, and / or a third entity, signal a set of possible frequencies in advance, and then signal the indication information about the frequency to be actually used, or It is also possible to signal the information concerning the actual frequency to be used.
  • the operation value in the receiving device 1220 is calculated in the form of a phase (phase). Accordingly, if (w 2 -w 1 ) (t s, RX -t a, RX ) value exceeds the range of 360 degrees, there may be a problem that is not distinguished from the case that is not. However, since the difference between the processing time 1250 and the receiving time 1240 in the actual channel environment will be shorter than the symbol length, the above-described problem will not be a big problem in the actual system implementation.
  • the reception device 1220 may calculate information about a difference between the processing time point 1250 and the reception time point 1240.
  • two detailed examples of measuring the distance to the transmitting apparatus 1210 using the calculated information are proposed.
  • the receiving device 1220 can separately signal a difference between the processing time point 1250 and the receiving time point 1240 (that is, t s, RX -t a, RX ).
  • the information (that is, the information about the difference in viewpoints) may be appropriately quantized, and then the quantized result may be formed into a series of bit strings, and the data having the generated bit strings as information may be transmitted to the transmitter 1210.
  • the receiving device 1220 transmits its ranging signal (processed as a receiving signal from the transmitting device).
  • the ranging signal transmitted by the receiving device may use the same frequency as the frequency used by the transmitting device but may use a different frequency.
  • the transmitter 1210 may process an FFT operation on the first / second frequency to calculate a value corresponding to Equations 5 and 6 above. That is, the difference between the processing time t s, TX + (n + 1) * t symb and the reception time t a, TX in the transmitting apparatus 1210 may be calculated. That is, the transmitter 1210 may obtain the information t s, TX + (n + 1) * t symb -t a, TX . When the corresponding value is obtained, the transmitter 1210 according to Equation 7 below. It is possible to obtain the distance d). This is because t symb is already known to both the transmitting and receiving devices.
  • Equation 7 is obtained by adding the information t s, TX + (n + 1) * t symb -t a, TX obtained by the transmitting apparatus to t s, RX -t a, RX which is a signal signaled separately by the receiving apparatus. .
  • the measurement method-1 is an example of transmitting the processing time point 1250 and the reception time point 1240 through separate signaling in the reception device 1220.
  • the following example does not separately signal the difference between the processing time point 1250 and the reception time point 1240, but instead measures a distance measurement signal (ie, a reception signal) transmitted from the reception device 1220 to the transmission device 1210.
  • a distance measurement signal ie, a reception signal
  • the reception device 1220 sets the phases of the two frequency components (ie, w 1 and w 2 ) in the ranging signal (ie, the reception signal) transmitted by the reception device 1220 by the following values.
  • the signal arriving at the transmitting device 1210 at a distance d from the receiving device 1220 is as follows.
  • the w 2 component can be calculated as follows.
  • the distance d between the transmitting device 1210 and the receiving device 1220 may be measured.
  • the transmission device 1210 receives a reception signal from the reception device 1220.
  • the received signal includes a first receiving component corresponding to the first frequency (ie, w 1 ) and a second receiving component corresponding to the second frequency (ie, w 2 ).
  • a phase difference set by the receiving device may be applied between the phase of the first receiving component and the phase of the second receiving component.
  • the phase difference is based on a difference (for example, t s, RX -t a, RX ) between the processing time point 1250 and the reception time point 1240 calculated by the receiving device 1220 through the transmission signal 1230. Is set to.
  • the phase difference is also set based on the difference between the first frequency and the second frequency (ie, w 2 -w 1 ). An example of such a phase difference may be expressed by Equation 8 above.
  • the transmitter 1210 processes signal processing (eg, OFDM processing) at a quantized time point with respect to a received signal to which a phase difference is applied. That is, the received signal may be received at t a, TX and processed at t s, TX .
  • signal processing eg, OFDM processing
  • the received signal may be received at t a, TX and processed at t s, TX .
  • a corresponding FFT value may be calculated, and examples of such FFT values are represented by Equations 11 and 12.
  • the transmitter 1210 may calculate the final distance d by comparing the calculated FFT value.
  • the measurement method-1 is that the distance measurement signal (that is, the reception signal) transmitted by the reception device 1220 is not limited to use in a specific transmission device 1210, which means that the signal itself is not limited to the reception device 1220. This is because two frequency components are generated in the same phase at. Accordingly, this signal can be received by several transmitting apparatuses and used for distance calculation.
  • the receiving apparatus 1220 uses the information t s, RX -t a, RX obtained for the ranging signal of each transmitting apparatus. Must be communicated to
  • Measuring method-2 has the advantage that the receiving device 1220 can include the necessary information therein while transmitting a distance measuring signal (ie, a receiving signal) without transmitting information, but instead measures the distance corresponding to the individual transmitting device. Since the signal needs to be transmitted, the number of ranging signals to transmit may increase.
  • a distance measuring signal ie, a receiving signal
  • the aforementioned distance measuring technique can be used to measure the distance between different entities (eg, vehicle and / or UE). That is, the distance between each other can be measured by different entities exchanging transmission signals and reception signals.
  • the techniques described above can also be used to measure direction, position, etc. between wireless communication systems. For example, a particular entity on the network (e.g., a vehicle and / or a UE) measures its distance from another entity (e.g., a base station) that is already known to determine its exact absolute position. It is also possible.
  • Such ranging techniques can be initiated under specific conditions. For example, when the information value according to another positioning technique such as GPS exceeds a preset threshold value, the measurement technique may be disclosed. The above-described measurement technique may be performed even when a precondition according to a communication standard such as 3GPP is achieved. May be initiated. In addition, the above distance measuring technique may be used in combination with an additional example described below. Possible examples are further described below.
  • the following example may solve a problem that may occur when a large device such as a vehicle measures a distance between each other through transmission and reception of a wireless signal, but is not limited thereto.
  • the following example proposes an effective method in a situation of using a part of the antenna or beamforming when transmitting and receiving a radio signal used for distance measurement using a plurality of transmit and receive antennas.
  • 13 illustrates a situation in which an example of the present specification may be applied. 13 is an example related to a vehicle, but as described above, an example of the present specification is not limited to the vehicle.
  • two antenna groups may be installed in a vehicle.
  • By distributing and distributing a plurality of antenna groups in one vehicle it is possible to solve the problem that the radio signal is blocked in the vehicle body. That is, one antenna group does not need to receive signals in all directions and transmit signals in all directions.
  • each antenna group is composed of a plurality of antenna elements and can perform beamforming capable of amplifying a transmission / reception signal in a specific direction.
  • FIG. 13 shows that the vehicle A transmits a distance measurement signal using an antenna group (for example, a first antenna group) installed at the rear, and uses beam-1 and beam-2, respectively. The case is illustrated.
  • Vehicles B and C receive the signals of vehicle A by using an antenna group installed in front, but using beam-3 and beam-4, respectively.
  • an antenna group eg, a second antenna group installed in front of the vehicle A may also configure a plurality of transmission beams. It is also possible to communicate with either vehicle B or vehicle C via the transmission beam of this second antenna group.
  • the antenna group and the beam information mean various pieces of information necessary in addition to a situation of measuring a distance between objects (vehicles).
  • the antenna group and beam information may be signaled in advance or signaled in a distance measurement process between vehicles as in the following example.
  • the antenna group and beam information may include various information (ie, information elements), for example 1) information about antenna-vehicle body distance, 2) transmission beam (eg, Information about radio resources (e.g. time / frequency / code resources) used for the ranging signal transmission, 3) use for transmission beams (e.g.
  • information elements for example 1) information about antenna-vehicle body distance, 2) transmission beam (eg, Information about radio resources (e.g. time / frequency / code resources) used for the ranging signal transmission, 3) use for transmission beams (e.g.
  • Information about the sequence (e.g., bit sequence) that is being used, 4) information about characteristics (e.g., antenna gain, direction, power) about the transmission beam, 5) reference information used to generate a signal in the receiving vehicle (Eg, a mapping relationship between a transmission beam in a transmitting vehicle and a reception beam in a receiving vehicle, and a threshold power value for selecting a signal to be processed when a plurality of signals are received by the receiving vehicle).
  • the information about the antenna-vehicle body distance may include all of the various pieces of information related to the antenna and / or the body.
  • the information may include information about the relative position of the antenna from a particular reference point of the vehicle.
  • the reference point may be, for example, the leftmost front point of the vehicle.
  • the information may include information on the size (length, width, and / or height) of the vehicle as an example of the information about the vehicle.
  • the information may include index and / or location information of the antenna group participating in the actual transmission.
  • the antenna group and the information elements included in the information may have a mapping relationship with each other.
  • information on such a mapping relationship may also be indicated by one information element in the antenna group and beam information.
  • a particular antenna-body distance can be mapped to a particular radio resource and / or sequence or the like.
  • the receiving entity vehicle that has obtained the antenna group and the information in advance may determine what antenna-body distance information should be used when a distance-specific signal is received through a specific resource / sequence or the like.
  • mapping relationship is fixedly determined. It is not desirable to be. That is, it is desirable to dynamically determine a specific resource / sequence and the like in a manner that the entity decides itself or is scheduled through a higher entity (eg, a base station), and dynamically determines a mapping relationship between each information element.
  • the distance measurement between objects need not be repeated in very short periods, whereas the information according to the antenna group and beam information need not be repeated in short periods. In consideration of this point, the following example is proposed.
  • the information that is really important may be the distance between the bodies.
  • the distance obtained by the signal transmission through the antenna is a distance between the antennas, which does not correspond to the distance between the car bodies, and this problem may be increased especially when an accuracy of positioning between the vehicles of 1 meter or less is required.
  • FIG. 13 when a plurality of antenna groups are installed at different positions in a vehicle and the beam used varies according to a situation, the distance between the antenna and the vehicle body also varies according to the beam. Specifically, in FIG.
  • the antenna group and the beam information including the information on the antenna-body distance are signaled.
  • each vehicle may transmit ranging signals transmitted through different antenna groups and / or different transmission beams using different time / frequency resources, or using different sequences, so as to be distinguishable from each other.
  • information on time / frequency / sequence and the like is mapped to information on the antenna-body distance, and information on the mapping relationship is preferably included in the above-described antenna group and beam information.
  • the distance measurement signal transmitted through the beam-1 and the distance measurement signal transmitted through the beam-2 in the first antenna group may be divided into time / frequency resources or sequences used.
  • Each vehicle may inform the surrounding vehicle of information about the distance between the antenna and the vehicle in the direction of travel of the ranging transmission signal defined by a specific time / frequency resource or sequence in the form of the above-described antenna group and beam information.
  • Information on the antenna group and beam information can be dynamically changed, so that it can be conveyed to surrounding vehicles in advance through relatively long periods of inter-vehicle messages. Can be.
  • each vehicle may determine the distance between the antenna and the vehicle body of the transmitting vehicle in the corresponding direction based on the corresponding information.
  • 14 illustrates an example of first transmitting antenna group and beam information, and then measuring distance between vehicles through a distance measurement signal. As shown, information about the antenna-body distance and the mapping between the ranging signal is transmitted first. Thereafter, the vehicle receiving the ranging signal may obtain information about the corresponding antenna-body distance through the time / frequency / sequence in which the ranging signal is used. 14 is an example related to a situation in which information on the antenna-body distance and mapping on the ranging signal are mapped, but mapping relationships between individual information elements included in the information on the antenna group and the beam information are variously set. Can be.
  • FIG. 15 is an example of a modified example of FIG. 14.
  • the vehicle may transmit information on the antenna-body distance in consideration of the antenna group and the transmission beam used for the transmission while transmitting the distance measurement signal.
  • the mapping between the information on the antenna-body distance and the time / frequency / sequence may not be applied. In other words, it is not necessary to use an associated time / frequency / sequence to transmit a ranging signal using a specific antenna group and beam, and it is possible to change time / frequency / sequence dynamically.
  • the example of FIG. 16 is an example which modified the example of FIG. According to FIG. 16, it is possible to link a specific index in advance to all or a part of information included in the antenna group and the beam information, and transmit the index together with each distance measurement signal transmission.
  • the transmitting vehicle can adjust the transmission timing of the ranging signal according to the distance between the corresponding antenna and the vehicle body when using a specific beam.
  • the vehicle A transmits to the beam-1
  • the vehicle A transmits the distance measurement signal at a point in time ahead of a time required for the signal to travel by a distance X1, while the beam A-1 is transmitted.
  • the distance measurement signal may be transmitted at a time earlier than the time required for the signal to progress by the distance X2.
  • the receiving vehicle always seems to start transmitting the ranging signal at the edge of the vehicle body at a predetermined point of time, thereby solving the problem that the distance between the antenna and the vehicle body is different for each antenna group and / or beam without any signaling.
  • the information on the antenna-body distance may include information about the relative position of the antenna from a specific reference point of the vehicle.
  • the adjustment of the transmission time point of the distance measurement signal may be determined in consideration of the reference point. That is, the transmission time can be adjusted so that the transmission in each antenna provided in the vehicle appears to be transmitted from a reference point.
  • the transmission may be performed by delaying the time it takes for the signal transmitted from the reference point to reach the corresponding antenna.
  • the receiving vehicle which has received the ranging signal from the transmitting vehicle, also determines the distance between the antenna and the vehicle body in consideration of the antenna group that received the signal and the beam used for the reception.
  • the distance between the vehicle bodies can be finally measured by using the distance between the antennas obtained through the above process and the antenna-body distance information of the transmitting vehicle.
  • the operations described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16 may be applied even in a situation in which distance measurement between antennas is possible as soon as a signal transmitted by a transmitting vehicle is received. That is, when the transmission and reception vehicle is connected to the satellite, the mutual synchronization is well matched, and therefore, the distance between the antennas is measured based on the time consumed until the signal transmitted at a predetermined time is received.
  • FIG. 16 may be applied.
  • the receiving vehicle does not know when the ranging signal has been transmitted, so the retransmission signal is retransmitted at its own reception point or at a predetermined point in time derived therefrom and the transmitting vehicle retransmits the signal.
  • the distance can be measured by calculating the round trip time between two vehicles based on the arrival point of the return signal.
  • 17 illustrates an example of measuring a round trip time between two vehicles based on a regression signal transmitted from a receiving vehicle.
  • the receiving vehicle (a vehicle receiving the first ranging signal and transmitting a regression signal thereof) needs to know information about the antenna-body distance from the transmitting vehicle (the vehicle transmitting the first ranging signal). none. This is because the final vehicle distance is calculated by the transmitting vehicle.
  • information about the antenna-body distance corresponding to the beam and the antenna group used when the transmitting vehicle sends a regression signal from the receiving vehicle is needed to calculate this.
  • information about antenna-body distance and mapping of time / frequency / sequence in the antenna group and beam information may be applied.
  • the receiving vehicle may use a time / frequency / sequence mapped to the corresponding antenna group / beam while transmitting a regression signal through the antenna group and the beam that received the initial signal.
  • This example may be understood to be similar to the example of FIG. 14 described above.
  • an index may be assigned to each antenna group and beam combination, and antenna-body distance information for each combination may be informed in advance, and then a corresponding index may be informed for each regression signal transmission.
  • This example may be understood to be similar to the example of FIG. 16 described above.
  • the regression signal when transmitting a regression signal, is transmitted at a point in time at which the antenna-body distance corresponding to the antenna group and beam used for transmission is performed based on a specific point in time determined from the point of time of receiving the first distance measurement signal.
  • a regression signal is transmitted at the end of the body (not at the end of the antenna).
  • the receiving vehicle When the receiving vehicle receives the initial ranging signal and transmits a regression signal thereto, it is necessary to determine the antenna group and beam to use for the regression signal transmission. Basically, when the receiving vehicle receives a specific initial ranging signal through a specific beam of a specific antenna group, the receiving vehicle may operate to transmit a corresponding regression signal using the same antenna group and beam. This allows the bidirectional link between the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle to use the same antenna group and beam so that the round trip time can be accurately calculated.
  • the receiving vehicle may receive the same signal through different beams or antenna groups.
  • the receiving vehicle can transmit the regression signal by selecting the antenna group and the beam with the strongest signal received, so that a single regression signal transmission can measure the distance on the path between the most dominant transmitting and receiving vehicles.
  • the receiving vehicle uses a plurality of antenna groups and beams, in which a signal is received at a predetermined level or more, or received at a predetermined ratio or more with respect to the strongest size signal, or included within a predetermined number in a received signal size order. It is also possible to transmit a regression signal.
  • This method allows the transmitting vehicle to measure the distance for each of the multiple paths that can be formed between specific receiving vehicles, and combines them properly to calculate the final distance between vehicles more accurately or to determine the speed of the transmitting and receiving vehicle. Estimation of future vehicle-to-vehicle distances using / direction information may also be possible.
  • the receiving vehicle transmits the regression signal together with the antenna group used to transmit the regression signal and information on the reception strength of the original ranging signal received from the beam, thereby allowing the transmitting vehicle to combine the round trip time based on each regression signal.
  • a larger weight may be placed on the calculated values in the antenna group and the beam.
  • reception strength information may be known through separate signaling (for example, may be signaled through the above-described antenna group and beam information), or may correspond to the initial power corresponding to the power used by the receiving vehicle to transmit the regression signal. It may be indirectly measured by setting in proportion to the received power of the ranging signal (signal transmitted from the transmitting vehicle).
  • the information on this should also be transmitted to the transmitting vehicle. .
  • this is possible by extending the information on the combination of the antenna group and the beam to be used by the combination of the information used for the reception of the initial ranging signal on the receiving vehicle side and the information used for the regression signal transmission.
  • information about the antenna group and the beam combination is transmitted based on an index, one index is used to receive the first ranging signal while the other two indexes are transmitted, and the other index is returned. It may operate to refer to the one used for signal transmission.
  • such a case may be utilized when a transmission capability and a reception capability do not match in a vehicle antenna implementation, for example, an antenna that can be received only and cannot be transmitted in a specific antenna group or that can be simultaneously used for reception in a specific antenna group.
  • the number of elements is different from the number that can be used simultaneously for transmission, so that the formation of the reception beam and the transmission beam may not be the same.
  • the transmitting vehicle transmits the first ranging signal for itself using a plurality of antenna groups and beams
  • the receiving vehicle also receives the first ranging signal from the same transmitting vehicle through the plurality of antennas and beams.
  • the regression signal may be transmitted based on the above-described scheme.
  • the regression signal may be transmitted once in accordance with the antenna group and the beam received with the strongest size.
  • the regression signal may be transmitted several times in accordance with a plurality of antenna groups and beams meeting the conditions described in the above embodiments, and in this case, information on the received power of the first ranging signal may also be included.
  • antenna gains may be different between different antenna groups or between different beams formed in the same antenna group.
  • the gain between the main lobe and the sieve lobe may be different within one antenna group.
  • the gain between different antenna groups may be different.
  • the receiving vehicle attempts to make a distance measurement based on the magnitude of the received power, or decides the antenna group and beam to send the regression signal to, the signal is actually transmitted to the strongest path on the channel path (e.g. line of sight without reflection or diffraction). This may result in measuring the distance in a direction other than the advancing path.
  • information for example, antenna group and beam information described above
  • shared in advance or transmitted with the ranging signal may include antenna gain when transmitted through a specific antenna group and beam.
  • the receiving vehicle may perform the above-described operation based on the corrected received power.
  • the transmission power of the initial ranging signal and the regression signal can be adjusted in consideration of the difference in the antenna gain during transmission.
  • this transmit power adjustment is such that when transmitted over any antenna group and beam, the same power will always be emitted in the direction that the transmission is directed (i.e., if the antenna gain of a particular antenna group / beam is low, then the transmit power will be increased by that amount). If the increase and the antenna gain is high, the transmission power can be reduced by that amount.
  • the transmitter 1800 and the receiver 1850 may operate according to the above-described example.
  • the illustrated transmission device 1800 includes a processor 1810, a memory 1820, and a transceiver 1830.
  • the illustrated receiving device 1850 includes a processor 1860, a memory 1870, and a transceiver 1880.
  • the illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented through one chip.
  • the transceivers 1830 and 1880 perform transmission and reception of signals.
  • the processors 1810 and 1860 may implement the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed herein.
  • the processors 1810 and 1860 may perform operations according to the above description.
  • Such processors 1810 and 1860 may include application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, and data processing devices.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • the memories 1820 and 1870 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and / or other storage devices.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • flash memory memory cards, storage media, and / or other storage devices.
  • 19 is a detailed block diagram of a transceiver.
  • the transceiver 110 includes a transmitting part 111 and a receiving part 112.
  • the transmission part 111 includes a discrete fourier transform (DFT) unit 1111, a subcarrier mapper 1112, an IFFT unit 1113, a CP insertion unit 1144, and a wireless transmitter 1115.
  • the transmission part 111 may further include a modulator.
  • the apparatus may further include a scramble unit (not shown), a modulation mapper (not shown), a layer mapper (not shown) and a layer permutator (not shown). It may be disposed before the DFT unit 1111.
  • the transmission part 111 first passes the information through the DFT 1111 before mapping a signal to a subcarrier. After subcarrier mapping of a signal spread by the DFT unit 1111 (or precoded with the same meaning) through the subcarrier mapper 1112, the inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) unit 1113 is again passed on the time axis. Make it a signal.
  • IFFT inverse fast fourier transform
  • the DFT unit 1111 outputs complex-valued symbols by performing a DFT on the input symbols. For example, when Ntx symbols are input (where Ntx is a natural number), the DFT size is Ntx.
  • the DFT unit 1111 may be called a transform precoder.
  • the subcarrier mapper 1112 maps the complex symbols to each subcarrier in the frequency domain. The complex symbols may be mapped to resource elements corresponding to resource blocks allocated for data transmission.
  • the subcarrier mapper 1112 may be called a resource element mapper.
  • the IFFT unit 1113 performs an IFFT on the input symbol and outputs a baseband signal for data, which is a time domain signal.
  • the CP inserter 1114 copies a part of the rear part of the base band signal for data and inserts it in the front part of the base band signal for data.
  • ISI Inter-symbol interference
  • ICI inter-carrier interference
  • the receiving part 112 includes a radio receiver 1121, a CP remover 1122, an FFT unit 1123, an equalizer 1124, and the like.
  • the wireless receiving unit 1121, the CP removing unit 1122, and the FFT unit 1123 of the receiving part 112 include a wireless transmitting unit 1115, a CP insertion unit 1114, and an IFF unit 1113 at the transmitting end 111. It performs the reverse function of).
  • the receiving part 112 may further include a demodulator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, selon un mode de réalisation, une technique de distance entre un émetteur et un récepteur pour traiter un signal dans des unités de symbole. Selon le mode de réalisation, l'émetteur transmet un signal de transmission au récepteur par l'intermédiaire de première et seconde fréquences prédéfinies. L'émetteur reçoit ensuite, depuis le récepteur, un signal de réception correspondant au signal de transmission. Le signal de réception comprend une première composante de réception correspondant à la première fréquence et une seconde composante de réception correspondant à la seconde fréquence. La différence de phase établie par le récepteur est appliquée entre la phase de la première composante de réception et la phase de la seconde composante de réception. La différence de phase est établie sur la base de la différence entre un moment de réception auquel le signal de transmission est reçu par le récepteur et un moment de traitement auquel le signal de transmission est traité dans le récepteur.
PCT/KR2018/003357 2017-03-22 2018-03-22 Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer une distance dans un système de communication sans fil WO2018174596A1 (fr)

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US16/495,240 US11061128B2 (en) 2017-03-22 2018-03-22 Method and device for measuring distance in wireless communication system
EP18770482.0A EP3591430B1 (fr) 2017-03-22 2018-03-22 Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer une distance dans un système de communication sans fil
CN201880033315.2A CN110709726B (zh) 2017-03-22 2018-03-22 用于在无线通信***中测量距离的方法和装置
KR1020197027176A KR102259394B1 (ko) 2017-03-22 2018-03-22 무선 통신 시스템에서 거리 측정을 측정하는 방법 및 장치

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US201762475197P 2017-03-22 2017-03-22
US201762475194P 2017-03-22 2017-03-22
US62/475,197 2017-03-22
US62/475,194 2017-03-22

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EP3591430B1 (fr) 2022-11-02
US20200088866A1 (en) 2020-03-19
US11061128B2 (en) 2021-07-13
EP3591430A1 (fr) 2020-01-08
KR20190116453A (ko) 2019-10-14
CN110709726B (zh) 2023-06-30
CN110709726A (zh) 2020-01-17
KR102259394B1 (ko) 2021-06-01
EP3591430A4 (fr) 2020-04-08

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