WO2018173376A1 - Grinding fluid regeneration device and grinding fluid regeneration method - Google Patents

Grinding fluid regeneration device and grinding fluid regeneration method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018173376A1
WO2018173376A1 PCT/JP2017/043460 JP2017043460W WO2018173376A1 WO 2018173376 A1 WO2018173376 A1 WO 2018173376A1 JP 2017043460 W JP2017043460 W JP 2017043460W WO 2018173376 A1 WO2018173376 A1 WO 2018173376A1
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Prior art keywords
grinding
grinding fluid
filtration membrane
fluid
membrane
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PCT/JP2017/043460
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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岳 松本
池田　啓一
森田　徹
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住友電気工業株式会社
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Application filed by 住友電気工業株式会社 filed Critical 住友電気工業株式会社
Priority to JP2019506936A priority Critical patent/JP7003986B2/en
Priority to CN201780088519.1A priority patent/CN110461544A/en
Publication of WO2018173376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018173376A1/en

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  • the present invention relates to a grinding fluid recycling apparatus and a grinding fluid recycling method.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-057082 filed on Mar. 23, 2017, and incorporates all the content described in the above Japanese application.
  • a grinding machine such as a wire saw is widely used to cut a workpiece such as a metal body. Further, when the workpiece is cut by this grinding machine, a dispersion liquid in which abrasive grains are dispersed in the grinding liquid is often used. This dispersion liquid improves the lubricity between the grinding machine and the workpiece and suppresses the generation of frictional heat at the contact portion of the grinding machine, thereby suppressing breakage, thermal deformation, and the like of the grinding machine.
  • a grinding fluid regenerating apparatus is a used grinding liquid regenerating apparatus including grinding scraps, a storage tank storing the used grinding liquid, and a used storage stored in the storage tank.
  • a membrane separation module having a filtration membrane for separating the grinding waste from the grinding fluid, and an average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the method for regenerating a grinding fluid is a method for regenerating a used grinding fluid containing grinding waste, and includes a membrane separation step of separating the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid by a filtration membrane,
  • the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the method for reusing used grinding fluid described in the above publication first collects the abrasive grains by centrifuging the used grinding fluid containing abrasive grains, dispersion liquid and chips, and then recovers the abrasive grains.
  • the used grinding fluid is centrifuged at high speed to separate the chips, and the used grinding fluid from which the chips are separated is separated into a film to collect the grinding fluid.
  • this method of reusing the grinding fluid requires a three-stage separation process in order to regenerate the grinding fluid, and the process is complicated and takes time to regenerate the grinding fluid.
  • this grinding liquid reuse method is a method in which membrane separation is performed after centrifugation in two stages, and the pore diameter of the membrane used for this membrane separation is set to 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, according to this recycling method of the grinding fluid, the permeation flux (flux) of the grinding fluid is lowered, and the regeneration efficiency of the grinding fluid cannot be sufficiently increased.
  • the present invention has been made based on such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a grinding fluid regenerating apparatus and a grinding fluid regenerating method capable of easily and efficiently regenerating a used grinding fluid.
  • the grinding fluid recycling apparatus and grinding fluid recycling method of the present invention can easily and efficiently regenerate used grinding fluid.
  • a grinding fluid regenerating apparatus is a used grinding liquid regenerating apparatus including grinding scraps, a storage tank storing the used grinding liquid, and a used storage stored in the storage tank.
  • a membrane separation module having a filtration membrane for separating the grinding waste from the grinding fluid, and an average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the grinding fluid recycling apparatus can selectively and efficiently separate the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid. it can. Therefore, the grinding fluid recycling apparatus can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid.
  • a flocculant addition mechanism for adding a flocculant to the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank may be further provided.
  • a flocculant addition mechanism for adding a flocculant to the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank it is possible to agglomerate the grinding waste by the flocculant, Transmission can be more reliably suppressed. Therefore, the used grinding fluid can be regenerated more easily and reliably.
  • the main component of the filtration membrane is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure because the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, the grinding waste can be effectively separated, and the holes are not easily closed by the grinding waste. In addition, since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, the separation function of the grinding dust is unlikely to be lowered even if the filtration membrane is somewhat worn. Furthermore, since the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, resistance to sodium hydroxide and the like is increased as compared with other organic membranes, so that a relatively inexpensive and highly durable filtration membrane can be formed.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a method for regenerating a grinding fluid is a method for regenerating a used grinding fluid containing grinding scraps, wherein the grinding scraps are separated from the used grinding fluid by a filtration membrane.
  • the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the grinding fluid regeneration method can selectively and efficiently separate the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid. it can. Therefore, the method for regenerating the grinding fluid can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid.
  • grinding waste refers to impurities mixed during grinding.
  • Average pore diameter refers to the average value of pore diameters when converted into a perfect circle of equal area.
  • Main component refers to a component having the largest content, for example, a component having a content of 50% by mass or more.
  • a regenerating apparatus 1 for grinding fluid (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “regenerating apparatus 1”) in FIG. 1 is a regenerating apparatus for used grinding fluid X containing grinding waste.
  • the regenerator 1 is a film having a storage tank (grinding liquid storage tank 2) for storing used grinding fluid X and a filtration membrane for separating grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2.
  • a separation module 3 In the regenerator 1, the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the regeneration apparatus 1 uses the grinding waste discharge tank 4 from which the grinding waste A separated by the membrane separation module 3 is discharged, and the used grinding fluid X discharged from the grinding fluid storage tank 2 as the membrane separation module 3. And a pump 5 for pumping to the head.
  • the regenerator 1 can selectively and efficiently separate grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X because the average pore size of the filtration membrane provided in the membrane separation module 3 is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less. it can. Moreover, in the said reproducing
  • abrasive grains and chips are separated from a used grinding liquid by a centrifuge, and then the grinding liquid is permeated through a ceramic film having a pore diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less. Collected.
  • the grinding waste and abrasive grains are separated from the used grinding fluid X by a filtration membrane having an average pore diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less, so that the abrasive is ground by a centrifuge. Even if the grains and relatively large grinding scraps are not separated in advance, the content of valuable components contained in the grinding fluid after membrane separation can be maintained substantially equal to the grinding fluid before use. Therefore, the grinding fluid recycling apparatus can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid.
  • the grinding fluid (grinding fluid before use) is used to increase the lubricity of the grinding machine and the workpiece when the workpiece such as a metal body is cut by a grinding machine such as a wire saw.
  • the type of the above-mentioned grinding fluid is not particularly limited.
  • an emulsion system that contains a mineral oil, animal or vegetable oil, a surfactant (anionic, cationic, or nonionic) in water and has a milky white appearance, Contains a soluble, kerosene or other solubilized oil that contains a surfactant, water-soluble component, mineral oil, animal or vegetable oil, etc., or an extreme pressure additive such as sulfur or chlorine.
  • An oil base system in which is mixed.
  • an emulsion system is preferable as the grinding fluid regenerated by the regenerating apparatus 1.
  • the regenerator 1 can easily maintain the content ratio of valuable components of the grinding fluid to the same level as before use.
  • a content rate of the oil with respect to 100 mass parts of water in the said emulsion type grinding fluid it can be set as 5 to 15 mass parts, for example.
  • This grinding liquid is usually used in a state where abrasive grains are dispersed.
  • the average particle diameter of the abrasive grains is generally about 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the grinding fluid storage tank 2 stores the used grinding fluid X.
  • the used grinding fluid X is supplied to the contact portion between the grinding machine and the object to be processed at the time of grinding, so that grinding waste such as floating oil, lubricating oil, cutting powder, friction powder, and microorganisms are mixed in.
  • the grinding fluid reservoir 2 is configured such that, for example, the used grinding fluid X used during grinding is stored through the discharge pipe 6 as needed.
  • the membrane separation module 3 is supplied with the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2 and pumped by the pump 5.
  • the membrane separation module 3 is an external pressure type dead-end membrane separation module having a filtration membrane.
  • the membrane separation module 3 has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and is configured such that the used grinding fluid X is supplied to the outer peripheral surface side of these hollow fiber membranes.
  • the membrane separation module 3 prevents the permeation of grinding dust and abrasive grains having a predetermined particle diameter or more contained in the used grinding fluid X by increasing the pressure on the outer peripheral surface side of these hollow fiber membranes and a plurality of other components. Permeate the inside of the hollow fiber membrane of the book.
  • the filtrate that has permeated into the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is discharged out of the system as reclaimed grinding fluid Y, and is reused during grinding. That is, it is preferable that the reproducing apparatus 1 separates the grinding waste from the grinding liquid X only by the membrane separation module 3 and does not have other separation means such as a centrifuge.
  • the lower limit of the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 ⁇ m as described above, and more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 10.0 ⁇ m as described above, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 2.5 ⁇ m. If the average pore diameter is smaller than the lower limit, the valuable component may not be sufficiently permeated into the filtration membrane, or the permeation flux of the filtrate may be lowered and the regeneration efficiency of the regenerated grinding fluid Y may be insufficient. There is. On the other hand, when the average pore diameter exceeds the upper limit, it may be difficult to sufficiently separate the grinding scraps such as mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, BOD (biological oxygen demand) and the like.
  • the pore diameters of the plurality of pores of the filtration membrane are uniform.
  • the upper limit of the coefficient of variation in the diameter of the plurality of holes is preferably 0.20, more preferably 0.10, and even more preferably 0.05. If the coefficient of variation exceeds the upper limit, valuable components may be unintentionally removed, and grinding scraps having a relatively large particle size may be mixed into the reclaimed grinding fluid Y. May be difficult to keep.
  • the lower limit of the variation coefficient of the hole diameter of the plurality of holes is not particularly limited, and may be set to 0.01, for example.
  • the “coefficient of variation of the hole diameters of the plurality of holes” refers to a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the hole diameters of 10 arbitrarily extracted holes by the average diameter.
  • the material of the filtration membrane is not particularly limited, and for example, synthetic resin, ceramic, or the like can be used.
  • synthetic resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, cellulose acetate, poly Examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as acrylonitrile and PTFE.
  • PTFE which is excellent in mechanical strength, chemical resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, non-flammability and the like and porous is preferable, and uniaxially or biaxially stretched PTFE is more. preferable. Since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure because the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, the grinding waste can be effectively separated, and the holes are not easily closed by the grinding waste. In addition, since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, even if the filtration membrane is somewhat worn, the separation function of the grinding dust is unlikely to deteriorate.
  • the said filtration membrane is formed with a ceramic, while the cost required for formation of this filtration membrane becomes high, there exists a possibility that this filtration membrane may crack.
  • the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, a relatively inexpensive and highly durable filtration membrane can be formed.
  • the regenerator 1 as the used grinding liquid X is regenerated, grinding debris such as oil gradually adheres to the surface of the filtration membrane. These grinding scraps are easy to remove by washing with a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, resistance to sodium hydroxide and the like can be increased as compared with other organic membranes, and the lifetime of the filtration membrane and thus the regenerator 1 can be increased. Can be promoted.
  • the filtration membrane When the filtration membrane is a hollow fiber membrane containing PTFE as a main component, the filtration membrane can be formed by using, for example, a tube obtained by extruding PTFE.
  • the tube is preferably stretched at a stretching ratio of about 50% to 700% in the axial direction and about 5% to 100% in the circumferential direction.
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the stretching ratio in the axial direction to the stretching ratio in the circumferential direction of the tube is preferably 2, and more preferably 5.
  • the upper limit of the ratio is preferably 15, and more preferably 10.
  • the pores of the filtration membrane can be formed in an elongated shape, typically an ellipse, whose major axis is the axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane.
  • an elongated shape typically an ellipse, whose major axis is the axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane.
  • the tube can be obtained, for example, by blending a PTFE fine powder with a liquid lubricant such as naphtha and making it into a tube shape by extrusion molding or the like. Further, dimensional stability can be improved by holding and sintering the tube for several tens of seconds to several minutes in a heating furnace maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of PTFE fine powder, for example, about 350 to 550 ° C. .
  • the lower limit of the porosity of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is preferably 50%, more preferably 55%.
  • the upper limit of the porosity of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is preferably 90%, more preferably 85%. If the porosity is less than the lower limit, the permeate flux of the filtrate may be lowered, and the regeneration efficiency of the used grinding fluid X may be insufficient. Conversely, if the porosity exceeds the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes may be insufficient.
  • the porosity is the ratio of the total volume of the pores to the volume of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and the density of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is measured according to ASTM-D-792. Can be sought.
  • the grinding waste discharge tank 4 communicates with the space on the outer peripheral surface side of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes of the membrane separation module 3. Grinding waste that has not permeated into the plurality of hollow fiber membranes of the membrane separation module 3 is discharged into the grinding waste discharge tank 4. In addition, abrasive grains contained in the used grinding liquid X are discharged into the grinding waste discharge tank 4. The grinding waste discharged to the grinding waste discharge tank 4 is discarded as industrial waste or the like as needed.
  • the said regeneration method is a regeneration method of the used grinding fluid X containing grinding waste.
  • the regeneration method includes a membrane separation step (S1) that separates the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X with a filtration membrane.
  • the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane used in the membrane separation step is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less, the grinding waste can be selectively and efficiently separated from the used grinding fluid. Therefore, the method for regenerating the grinding fluid can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid X.
  • S1 is performed by the membrane separation module 3 of FIG. Specifically, in S ⁇ b> 1, grinding waste and abrasive grains having a predetermined particle diameter or more are separated from the grinding liquid X stored in the grinding liquid storage tank 2 and pumped by the pump 5 by the filtration membrane. In S ⁇ b> 1, the filtrate that has permeated through the filtration membrane is discharged out of the system as the regenerated grinding fluid Y. On the other hand, in S ⁇ b> 1, the grinding waste A that has not passed through the filtration membrane is discharged to the grinding waste discharge tank 4.
  • the average permeation flux of the filtrate in S1 As an upper limit of the average permeation flux of the filtrate in S1, 7.0 m / D is preferable, and 5.0 m / D is preferable in terms of sufficiently capturing the grinding scraps contained in the used grinding fluid X by the filtration membrane. More preferred.
  • the lower limit of the average permeation flux is, for example, preferably 0.1 m / D and more preferably 0.4 m / D from the viewpoint of preventing the regeneration efficiency of the regenerated grinding fluid Y from becoming insufficient.
  • the “average permeation flux” means an average value of permeation flux when the grinding waste is separated from the used grinding fluid for 5 hours in a state where the grinding waste is not attached to the filtration membrane.
  • separates a grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X only by S1, and does not have other separation processes, such as a centrifugation process.
  • the regeneration method grinding debris such as oil gradually adheres to the surface of the filtration membrane and the like while the membrane separation process is continued in S1. Therefore, the regeneration method may include a cleaning process for cleaning the filtration membrane when S1 is stopped. Hereinafter, this cleaning process will be described.
  • the specific cleaning method in the cleaning step is not particularly limited as long as grinding debris adhering to the filtration membrane can be removed, but the cleaning step is a rice washing step for washing the filtration membrane. And an alkali washing step of washing the filtration membrane with an alkali after the rice bran washing step.
  • the filtration membrane is washed with hands.
  • the alkali washing step for example, the filtration membrane is alkali washed with a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
  • the regeneration method when the filtration membrane is mainly composed of PTFE as described above, the filtration membrane can be easily washed.
  • the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, deterioration of the filtration membrane can be suppressed even when alkaline washing is performed using a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Prolonging the life of the reproducing apparatus 1 can be promoted.
  • the regenerator 21 includes a grinding fluid reservoir 2 that stores a used grinding fluid X, and a membrane separation module 3 that includes a filtration membrane that separates grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid reservoir 2. Is provided.
  • the regenerator 21 uses the grinding waste discharge tank 4 from which the grinding waste A separated by the membrane separation module 3 is discharged, and the used grinding fluid X discharged from the grinding fluid storage tank 2 to the membrane separation module 3. And a pump 5 for feeding to the pump.
  • the regenerator 21 includes a flocculant addition mechanism 22 that adds the flocculant B to the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid reservoir 2.
  • the regenerator 21 has an average pore diameter of the filtration membrane of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less. Since the grinding fluid storage tank 2, the membrane separation module 3, the grinding waste discharging tank 4 and the pump 5 in the regeneration device 21 are the same as those in the regeneration device 1 of FIG.
  • the flocculant addition mechanism 22 includes a supply pipe 22a for supplying the flocculant B to the grinding fluid reservoir 2, and a stirrer 22b for mixing the flocculant B supplied to the grinding fluid reservoir 2 with the used grinding fluid X.
  • the flocculant addition mechanism 22 flocks grinding debris, typically oil, contained in the used grinding fluid X.
  • the flocculant addition mechanism 22 flocks the grinding scraps contained in the used grinding fluid X so that the particle diameter becomes larger than the pore diameter of the filtration membrane.
  • the flocculant B is not particularly limited as long as the grinding waste contained in the used grinding fluid X can be agglomerated, and examples thereof include known flocculants such as inorganic flocculants and polymer flocculants.
  • the inorganic flocculant include aluminum salts such as aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride, and iron salts such as ferric chloride, ferrous sulfide, polyferric sulfate, and iron-silica inorganic polymer.
  • the polymer flocculant include cationic polymers, anionic polymers, and nonionic polymers.
  • Examples of the cationic polymer include polydimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, polydiethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, polydimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, polydimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, polyallyldimethylamine, and these. Neutralized salts, quaternary salts and the like can be mentioned.
  • Examples of the anionic polymer include poly (meth) acrylic acid, polymaleic acid, polyitaconic acid and salts thereof.
  • Examples of the nonionic polymer include poly (meth) acrylamide, polyN-isopropylacrylamide, polyN, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide and the like.
  • the regenerator 21 includes the flocculant addition mechanism 22, the grinding waste can be aggregated by the flocculant B, and the permeation of the grinding waste through the filtration membrane can be more reliably suppressed. Therefore, the said reproduction
  • the said regeneration method is a regeneration method of the used grinding fluid X containing grinding waste.
  • the regeneration method includes a membrane separation step (S1) for separating the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X by a filtration membrane, and an agglomeration in which a flocculant B is added to the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2.
  • an agent addition step (S2) In the regeneration method, the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the membrane separation step (S1) in the regeneration method is the same as the regeneration method of FIG.
  • the said regeneration method isolate
  • the said regeneration method may be equipped with the washing
  • S ⁇ b> 2 is performed by the flocculant addition mechanism 22.
  • the timing for performing S2 is not particularly limited.
  • S2 may be performed every time the used grinding fluid X is supplied to the grinding fluid reservoir 2.
  • the reproduction method performs S1 after S2.
  • the regeneration method performs S ⁇ b> 1 continuously or intermittently, and the concentration of the grinding waste in the filtrate obtained by S ⁇ b> 1, the grinding waste stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2.
  • S2 may be performed when the density or the like becomes a predetermined value or more.
  • the regeneration method can aggregate the grinding waste contained in the used grinding liquid X by the said coagulant
  • the regeneration apparatus does not necessarily need to use a dead-end type membrane separation module, and can use, for example, a cross-flow type membrane separation module.
  • the filtration membrane is not necessarily a hollow fiber membrane, and may be a flat membrane, for example.
  • the regenerator can generate regenerated grinding fluid only by the membrane separation module, but as a grinding waste separation mechanism other than the membrane separation module, for example, remove floating oil in the grinding fluid reservoir. It is also possible to provide a mechanism for
  • the regenerator can be configured as a batch regenerator that repeatedly stores, for example, a certain amount of used grinding fluid in a grinding fluid reservoir and regenerates the entire amount of the grinding fluid.
  • the regenerating apparatus may be configured as a continuous regenerating apparatus that supplies the used grinding fluid continuously or intermittently to the grinding fluid storage tank and separates the grinding waste by the filtration membrane in parallel with the supply. Is possible.
  • a regenerated grinding fluid was generated from a used emulsion-based grinding fluid containing grinding scraps by a grinding fluid regenerating method using the regenerating apparatus 1 of FIG.
  • the components of the grinding fluid before use were measured and found to be 5800 ppm mineral oil, 7100 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 15,000 ppm BOD. Moreover, when the component of the grinding fluid after use was measured, they were 40000 ppm mineral oil, 42000 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 62,000 ppm BOD.
  • the membrane separation module 3 of the regenerator 1 has three hollow fiber membranes, the total membrane area of these hollow fiber membranes is 1.05 m 2 , and the average pore diameter of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is 2 Those having a thickness of 0.0 ⁇ m were used.
  • the above-mentioned used grinding fluid 20L was stored in the grinding fluid reservoir 2, and the entire amount of this used grinding fluid was pumped to the membrane separation module 3 by the pump 5 to separate the grinding debris.
  • the filtration pressure in the membrane separation module 3 was 30 kPa.
  • the average permeation flux of the filtrate that passed through the plurality of hollow fiber membranes was 5.0 m / D. No.
  • the components of the reclaimed grinding fluid Y obtained by No. 1 were measured by a normal hexane extraction method, they were 9600 ppm mineral oil, 12000 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 21,000 ppm BOD.
  • a regenerated grinding fluid was generated from a used grinding fluid containing grinding scraps by a grinding fluid regenerating method using an apparatus simulating the regenerating apparatus 21 of FIG. No. of used grinding fluid 1 was used.
  • the membrane separation module 3 no. 1 was used.
  • the hydrochloric acid was used as a pH adjuster, and the pH of the above-mentioned used grinding fluid was adjusted to 6.8.
  • a total of 20 L of the used grinding fluid was transferred to a plurality of containers simulating the grinding fluid storage tank 2, and these containers were installed in a jar tester.
  • Polyaluminum chloride as a flocculant was added to these containers at a concentration of 10 g / L.
  • sodium hydroxide was used as a pH adjuster, and the pH of the used grinding fluid after adding the flocculant was adjusted to 6.8.
  • the used grinding liquid after pH adjustment was stirred for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 rpm, and further stirred for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 50 rpm. Thereafter, the entire amount of the used grinding liquid after stirring was pumped to the membrane separation module 3 to separate grinding scraps.
  • the filtration pressure in the membrane separation module 3 is no. Same as 1.
  • the average permeation flux of the filtrate that passed through the plurality of hollow fiber membranes was 2.0 m / D. No.
  • the components of the reclaimed grinding liquid Y obtained by No. 2 were measured, they were 5600 ppm mineral oil, 5100 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 14,000 ppm BOD.
  • the average pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 3.0 ⁇ m and 5.0 ⁇ m. 3 and no. Also about 4, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oil, and BOD are all reduced compared with content after use. This is considered to be because the floating oil contained in the used grinding fluid can be effectively separated when the average pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is the above value.

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Abstract

A grinding fluid regeneration device that regenerates used grinding fluid containing grinding dust, said device comprising a storage tank that stores the used grinding fluid, and a membrane separation module that has a filtration membrane for separating the grinding dust from the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank, wherein the average hole diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0-10.0 µm. A grinding fluid regeneration method for regenerating used grinding fluid containing grinding dust, said method comprising a membrane separation step for separating the grinding dust from the used grinding fluid using a filtration membrane, wherein the average hole diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0-10.0 µm.

Description

研削液の再生装置及び研削液の再生方法Grinding fluid recycling apparatus and grinding fluid recycling method
　本発明は、研削液の再生装置及び研削液の再生方法に関する。
　本出願は、２０１７年３月２３日出願の日本出願第２０１７－０５７０８２号に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。 The present invention relates to a grinding fluid recycling apparatus and a grinding fluid recycling method.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-057082 filed on Mar. 23, 2017, and incorporates all the content described in the above Japanese application.
　金属体等の加工対象物を切断するためにワイヤソー等の研削加工機が広く用いられている。また、この研削加工機によって加工対象物を切断するに当たっては、研削液中に砥粒が分散された分散液が用いられることが多い。この分散液は、研削加工機と加工対象物との潤滑性を高め、研削加工機の接触部位における摩擦熱の発生を抑制することで、研削加工機の破損、熱変形等を抑制する。 A grinding machine such as a wire saw is widely used to cut a workpiece such as a metal body. Further, when the workpiece is cut by this grinding machine, a dispersion liquid in which abrasive grains are dispersed in the grinding liquid is often used. This dispersion liquid improves the lubricity between the grinding machine and the workpiece and suppresses the generation of frictional heat at the contact portion of the grinding machine, thereby suppressing breakage, thermal deformation, and the like of the grinding machine.
　一方、使用後の上記研削液には、浮上油、潤滑油、切り粉、摩擦粉、微生物等の研削屑が混入するため、この使用後の研削液をそのまま再利用することはできない。そのため、従来使用後の研削液は、排水基準を満たすまで不純物を除去したうえで産業廃棄物として廃棄されている。 On the other hand, since the grinding fluid after use is mixed with grinding wastes such as floating oil, lubricating oil, cutting powder, friction powder, microorganisms, etc., this used grinding fluid cannot be reused as it is. Therefore, conventionally used grinding fluid is discarded as industrial waste after removing impurities until the drainage standard is satisfied.
　しかしながら、使用後の研削液を廃棄すると、環境への負荷が大きく、また廃棄費用も嵩む。そのため、今日では、使用後の研削液から研削屑を除去したうえ、研削屑除去後の研削液を再利用することが検討されている。また、このような再利用方法として、遠心分離と膜分離とによって研削屑を除去する方法が発案されている（特開２０１０－２２１３３７号公報参照）。 However, discarding the used grinding fluid increases the environmental load and increases disposal costs. Therefore, nowadays, it is considered to remove the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid and to reuse the grinding fluid after removing the grinding waste. Further, as such a reuse method, a method of removing grinding waste by centrifugal separation and membrane separation has been devised (see JP 2010-221337 A).
特開２０１０－２２１３３７号公報JP 2010-221337 A
　本発明の一態様に係る研削液の再生装置は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液の再生装置であって、上記使用済み研削液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記貯留槽に貯留された使用済み研削液から上記研削屑を分離する濾過膜を有する膜分離モジュールとを備え、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。 A grinding fluid regenerating apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is a used grinding liquid regenerating apparatus including grinding scraps, a storage tank storing the used grinding liquid, and a used storage stored in the storage tank. A membrane separation module having a filtration membrane for separating the grinding waste from the grinding fluid, and an average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
　本発明の一態様に係る研削液の再生方法は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液の再生方法であって、上記使用済み研削液から上記研削屑を濾過膜によって分離する膜分離工程を備え、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。 The method for regenerating a grinding fluid according to one aspect of the present invention is a method for regenerating a used grinding fluid containing grinding waste, and includes a membrane separation step of separating the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid by a filtration membrane, The filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
本発明の一実施形態に係る研削液の再生装置を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the reproduction | regeneration apparatus of the grinding fluid which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図１の研削液の再生装置を用いた研削液の再生方法を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the reproduction | regeneration method of the grinding fluid using the reproduction | regeneration apparatus of the grinding fluid of FIG. 図１の研削液の再生装置とは異なる形態に係る研削液の再生装置を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the reproduction | regeneration apparatus of the grinding fluid which concerns on the form different from the reproduction | regeneration apparatus of the grinding fluid of FIG. 図３の研削液の再生装置を用いた研削液の再生方法を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the reproduction | regeneration method of the grinding fluid using the reproduction | regeneration apparatus of the grinding fluid of FIG.
［本開示が解決しようとする課題］
　上記公報に記載の使用済み研削液の再利用方法は、砥粒と分散液と切り粉とを含む使用済み研削液を遠心分離することでまず砥粒を回収し、次に砥粒回収後の使用済み研削液を高速遠心分離することで切り粉を分離し、さらに切り粉が分離された使用済み研削液を膜分離することで研削液を回収するものである。 [Problems to be solved by the present disclosure]
The method for reusing used grinding fluid described in the above publication first collects the abrasive grains by centrifuging the used grinding fluid containing abrasive grains, dispersion liquid and chips, and then recovers the abrasive grains. The used grinding fluid is centrifuged at high speed to separate the chips, and the used grinding fluid from which the chips are separated is separated into a film to collect the grinding fluid.
　しかしながら、この研削液の再利用方法は、研削液を再生するために３段階の分離工程を経る必要があり、工程が煩雑で研削液の再生処理に手間がかかる。また、この研削液の再利用方法は、２段階で遠心分離の後に膜分離を行うもので、この膜分離に用いられる膜の孔径が０．０１μｍ以上１μｍ以下とされている。そのため、この研削液の再利用方法によると、研削液の透過流束（フラックス）が低くなり、研削液の再生効率を十分に高めることができない。 However, this method of reusing the grinding fluid requires a three-stage separation process in order to regenerate the grinding fluid, and the process is complicated and takes time to regenerate the grinding fluid. In addition, this grinding liquid reuse method is a method in which membrane separation is performed after centrifugation in two stages, and the pore diameter of the membrane used for this membrane separation is set to 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less. Therefore, according to this recycling method of the grinding fluid, the permeation flux (flux) of the grinding fluid is lowered, and the regeneration efficiency of the grinding fluid cannot be sufficiently increased.
　本発明は、このような事情に基づいてなされたものであり、使用済み研削液の再生を容易かつ効率的に行うことができる研削液の再生装置及び研削液の再生方法の提供を課題とする。
［本開示の効果］ The present invention has been made based on such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a grinding fluid regenerating apparatus and a grinding fluid regenerating method capable of easily and efficiently regenerating a used grinding fluid. .
[Effects of the present disclosure]
　本発明の研削液の再生装置及び研削液の再生方法は、使用済み研削液の再生を容易かつ効率的に行うことができる。 The grinding fluid recycling apparatus and grinding fluid recycling method of the present invention can easily and efficiently regenerate used grinding fluid.
［本発明の実施形態の説明］
　最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。 [Description of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
First, embodiments of the present invention will be listed and described.
　本発明の一態様に係る研削液の再生装置は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液の再生装置であって、上記使用済み研削液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記貯留槽に貯留された使用済み研削液から上記研削屑を分離する濾過膜を有する膜分離モジュールとを備え、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。 A grinding fluid regenerating apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is a used grinding liquid regenerating apparatus including grinding scraps, a storage tank storing the used grinding liquid, and a used storage stored in the storage tank. A membrane separation module having a filtration membrane for separating the grinding waste from the grinding fluid, and an average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
　当該研削液の再生装置は、膜分離モジュールに備えられる濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下であるので、使用済み研削液から研削屑を選択的かつ効率的に分離することができる。そのため、当該研削液の再生装置は、使用済み研削液の再生を容易かつ効率的に行うことができる。 Since the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane provided in the membrane separation module is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, the grinding fluid recycling apparatus can selectively and efficiently separate the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid. it can. Therefore, the grinding fluid recycling apparatus can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid.
　上記貯留槽に貯留される使用済み研削液に凝集剤を添加する凝集剤添加機構をさらに備えるとよい。このように、上記貯留槽に貯留される使用済み研削液に凝集剤を添加する凝集剤添加機構をさらに備えることで、上記凝集剤によって研削屑を凝集させることができ、研削屑の濾過膜の透過をより確実に抑制することができる。そのため、使用済み研削液の再生をより容易かつ確実に行うことができる。 A flocculant addition mechanism for adding a flocculant to the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank may be further provided. Thus, by further providing a flocculant addition mechanism for adding a flocculant to the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank, it is possible to agglomerate the grinding waste by the flocculant, Transmission can be more reliably suppressed. Therefore, the used grinding fluid can be regenerated more easily and reliably.
　上記濾過膜の主成分がポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）であるとよい。上記濾過膜の主成分がＰＴＦＥであることで、上記濾過膜が３次元網目構造を有するため、上記研削屑を効果的に分離することができ、かつこの研削屑によって孔が閉鎖され難い。また、上記濾過膜が３次元網目構造を有することで、この濾過膜が多少摩耗しても上記研削屑の分離機能が低下し難い。さらに、上記濾過膜の主成分がＰＴＦＥであることで、他の有機膜に比較して水酸化ナトリウム等に対する耐性が高まるので、比較的安価で耐久性の高い濾過膜を形成することができる。 The main component of the filtration membrane is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure because the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, the grinding waste can be effectively separated, and the holes are not easily closed by the grinding waste. In addition, since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, the separation function of the grinding dust is unlikely to be lowered even if the filtration membrane is somewhat worn. Furthermore, since the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, resistance to sodium hydroxide and the like is increased as compared with other organic membranes, so that a relatively inexpensive and highly durable filtration membrane can be formed.
　また、本発明の他の一態様に係る研削液の再生方法は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液の再生方法であって、上記使用済み研削液から上記研削屑を濾過膜によって分離する膜分離工程を備え、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。 Further, a method for regenerating a grinding fluid according to another aspect of the present invention is a method for regenerating a used grinding fluid containing grinding scraps, wherein the grinding scraps are separated from the used grinding fluid by a filtration membrane. Provided with a step, wherein the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
　当該研削液の再生方法は、膜分離工程で用いられる濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下であるので、使用済み研削液から研削屑を選択的かつ効率的に分離することができる。そのため、当該研削液の再生方法は、使用済み研削液の再生を容易かつ効率的に行うことができる。 Since the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane used in the membrane separation step is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, the grinding fluid regeneration method can selectively and efficiently separate the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid. it can. Therefore, the method for regenerating the grinding fluid can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid.
　なお、本発明において、「研削屑」とは、研削加工時に混入される不純物をいう。「平均孔径」とは、等面積の真円に換算した場合の孔径の平均値をいう。「主成分」とは、最も含有量の多い成分をいい、例えば含有量が５０質量％以上の成分をいう。 In the present invention, “grinding waste” refers to impurities mixed during grinding. “Average pore diameter” refers to the average value of pore diameters when converted into a perfect circle of equal area. “Main component” refers to a component having the largest content, for example, a component having a content of 50% by mass or more.
［本発明の実施形態の詳細］
　以下、適宜図面を参照しつつ、本発明の各実施形態に係る研削液の再生装置及び研削液の再生方法について説明する。 [Details of the embodiment of the present invention]
Hereinafter, a grinding fluid regenerating apparatus and a grinding fluid regenerating method according to each embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
［第一実施形態］
＜研削液の再生装置＞
　図１の研削液の再生装置１（以下、単に「再生装置１」ともいう）は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液Ｘの再生装置である。当該再生装置１は、使用済み研削液Ｘを貯留する貯留槽（研削液貯留槽２）と、研削液貯留槽２に貯留された使用済み研削液Ｘから研削屑を分離する濾過膜を有する膜分離モジュール３とを備える。当該再生装置１は、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。また、当該再生装置１は、膜分離モジュール３で膜分離された研削屑Ａが排出される研削屑排出槽４と、研削液貯留槽２から排出された使用済み研削液Ｘを膜分離モジュール３に圧送するポンプ５とをさらに備える。 [First embodiment]
<Grinding fluid recycling device>
A regenerating apparatus 1 for grinding fluid (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “regenerating apparatus 1”) in FIG. 1 is a regenerating apparatus for used grinding fluid X containing grinding waste. The regenerator 1 is a film having a storage tank (grinding liquid storage tank 2) for storing used grinding fluid X and a filtration membrane for separating grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2. And a separation module 3. In the regenerator 1, the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less. In addition, the regeneration apparatus 1 uses the grinding waste discharge tank 4 from which the grinding waste A separated by the membrane separation module 3 is discharged, and the used grinding fluid X discharged from the grinding fluid storage tank 2 as the membrane separation module 3. And a pump 5 for pumping to the head.
　当該再生装置１は、膜分離モジュール３に備えられる濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下であるので、使用済み研削液Ｘから研削屑を選択的かつ効率的に分離することができる。また、当該再生装置１では、上記研削屑と同時に砥粒についても使用済み研削液Ｘから分離することができる。従来の再生装置では、まず遠心分離機によって使用済み研削液から砥粒及び切り粉を分離し、その後に０．０１μｍ以上１μｍ以下の孔径を有するセラミック膜に分散液を透過させることで研削液を回収している。これに対し、本発明者らの知見によると、使用済み研削液Ｘから研削屑及び砥粒を平均孔径１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下の濾過膜によって膜分離することで、遠心分離機によって砥粒や比較的大きい研削屑を予め分離しておかなくても、膜分離後における研削液に含まれる有価成分の含有量を使用前の研削液とほぼ同等に維持することができる。そのため、当該研削液の再生装置は、使用済み研削液の再生を容易かつ効率的に行うことができる。 The regenerator 1 can selectively and efficiently separate grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X because the average pore size of the filtration membrane provided in the membrane separation module 3 is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less. it can. Moreover, in the said reproducing | regenerating apparatus 1, it can isolate | separate from the used grinding fluid X also about an abrasive grain simultaneously with the said grinding waste. In a conventional reproducing apparatus, first, abrasive grains and chips are separated from a used grinding liquid by a centrifuge, and then the grinding liquid is permeated through a ceramic film having a pore diameter of 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less. Collected. On the other hand, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, the grinding waste and abrasive grains are separated from the used grinding fluid X by a filtration membrane having an average pore diameter of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, so that the abrasive is ground by a centrifuge. Even if the grains and relatively large grinding scraps are not separated in advance, the content of valuable components contained in the grinding fluid after membrane separation can be maintained substantially equal to the grinding fluid before use. Therefore, the grinding fluid recycling apparatus can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid.
（研削液）
　研削液（使用前の研削液）は、例えばワイヤソー等の研削加工機によって金属体等の加工対象物を切断する際に研削加工機及び加工対象物の潤滑性を高めるために用いられる。
上記研削液の種類としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば水中に鉱物油、動植物油、界面活性剤（アニオン系、カチオン系、ノニオン系）等を含み乳白色の外観を呈するエマルジョン系、水中に界面活性剤、水溶性成分、鉱物油、動植物油等を含み透明又は半透明の外観を呈するソリュブル系、灯油等のオイルを単独で含むか又はこのオイルに硫黄、塩素等の極圧添加剤を混合したオイルベース系等が挙げられる。中でも、当該再生装置１で再生処理される研削液としては、エマルジョン系が好ましい。当該再生装置１は、使用済みのエマルジョン系研削液を処理した場合、この研削液の有価成分の含有割合を使用前と同程度に保ちやすい。上記エマルジョン系の研削液における水１００質量部に対する油の含有割合としては、例えば５質量部以上１５質量部以下とすることができる。なお、この研削液は、通常砥粒が分散された状態で使用される。この砥粒の平均粒子径としては、一般的には１０μｍ以上５０μｍ程度とされている。 (Grinding fluid)
The grinding fluid (grinding fluid before use) is used to increase the lubricity of the grinding machine and the workpiece when the workpiece such as a metal body is cut by a grinding machine such as a wire saw.
The type of the above-mentioned grinding fluid is not particularly limited. For example, an emulsion system that contains a mineral oil, animal or vegetable oil, a surfactant (anionic, cationic, or nonionic) in water and has a milky white appearance, Contains a soluble, kerosene or other solubilized oil that contains a surfactant, water-soluble component, mineral oil, animal or vegetable oil, etc., or an extreme pressure additive such as sulfur or chlorine. An oil base system in which is mixed. Among these, an emulsion system is preferable as the grinding fluid regenerated by the regenerating apparatus 1. In the case where the used emulsion-based grinding fluid is processed, the regenerator 1 can easily maintain the content ratio of valuable components of the grinding fluid to the same level as before use. As a content rate of the oil with respect to 100 mass parts of water in the said emulsion type grinding fluid, it can be set as 5 to 15 mass parts, for example. This grinding liquid is usually used in a state where abrasive grains are dispersed. The average particle diameter of the abrasive grains is generally about 10 μm to 50 μm.
（研削液貯留槽）
　研削液貯留槽２は使用済み研削液Ｘを貯留する。使用済み研削液Ｘは、研削加工時に研削加工機と加工対象物との接触部に供給されることで、浮遊油、潤滑油、切り粉、摩擦粉、微生物等の研削屑が混入している。研削液貯留槽２は、例えば研削加工時に用いられた使用済み研削液Ｘが随時排出管６を通って貯留されるよう構成されている。 (Grinding fluid storage tank)
The grinding fluid storage tank 2 stores the used grinding fluid X. The used grinding fluid X is supplied to the contact portion between the grinding machine and the object to be processed at the time of grinding, so that grinding waste such as floating oil, lubricating oil, cutting powder, friction powder, and microorganisms are mixed in. . The grinding fluid reservoir 2 is configured such that, for example, the used grinding fluid X used during grinding is stored through the discharge pipe 6 as needed.
（膜分離モジュール）
　膜分離モジュール３には、研削液貯留槽２に貯留され、ポンプ５によって圧送された使用済み研削液Ｘが供給される。本実施形態において、膜分離モジュール３は、濾過膜を有する外圧型のデッドエンド方式の膜分離モジュールである。具体的には、膜分離モジュール３は、複数本の中空糸膜を有しており、これらの中空糸膜の外周面側に使用済み研削液Ｘが供給されるよう構成されている。膜分離モジュール３は、これらの中空糸膜の外周面側を高圧にすることで使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる一定粒径以上の研削屑及び砥粒の透過を防止すると共にその他の成分を複数本の中空糸膜の内部に透過させる。上記複数本の中空糸膜の内部に透過した濾過液は、再生研削液Ｙとして系外に排出され、研削加工時に再利用される。つまり、当該再生装置１は、膜分離モジュール３のみによって研削液Ｘから研削屑を分離するもので、遠心分離機等の他の分離手段を有しないことが好ましい。 (Membrane separation module)
The membrane separation module 3 is supplied with the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2 and pumped by the pump 5. In this embodiment, the membrane separation module 3 is an external pressure type dead-end membrane separation module having a filtration membrane. Specifically, the membrane separation module 3 has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and is configured such that the used grinding fluid X is supplied to the outer peripheral surface side of these hollow fiber membranes. The membrane separation module 3 prevents the permeation of grinding dust and abrasive grains having a predetermined particle diameter or more contained in the used grinding fluid X by increasing the pressure on the outer peripheral surface side of these hollow fiber membranes and a plurality of other components. Permeate the inside of the hollow fiber membrane of the book. The filtrate that has permeated into the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is discharged out of the system as reclaimed grinding fluid Y, and is reused during grinding. That is, it is preferable that the reproducing apparatus 1 separates the grinding waste from the grinding liquid X only by the membrane separation module 3 and does not have other separation means such as a centrifuge.
　上記濾過膜の平均孔径の下限としては、上述のように１．０μｍであり、１．５μｍがより好ましい。一方、上記濾過膜の平均孔径の上限としては、上述のように１０．０μｍであり、５．０μｍがより好ましく、２．５μｍがさらに好ましい。上記平均孔径が上記下限より小さいと、有価成分を十分に濾過膜の内部に透過させることができないおそれや、濾過液の透過流束が低くなり再生研削液Ｙの再生効率が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、上記平均孔径が上記上限を超えると、鉱物油、動植物油、ＢＯＤ（生物学的酸素要求量）等の研削屑を十分に膜分離することが困難になるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1.0 μm as described above, and more preferably 1.5 μm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 10.0 μm as described above, more preferably 5.0 μm, and even more preferably 2.5 μm. If the average pore diameter is smaller than the lower limit, the valuable component may not be sufficiently permeated into the filtration membrane, or the permeation flux of the filtrate may be lowered and the regeneration efficiency of the regenerated grinding fluid Y may be insufficient. There is. On the other hand, when the average pore diameter exceeds the upper limit, it may be difficult to sufficiently separate the grinding scraps such as mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, BOD (biological oxygen demand) and the like.
　上記濾過膜の複数の孔の孔径は均一であることが好ましい。上記複数の孔の孔径の変動係数の上限としては、０．２０が好ましく、０．１０がより好ましく、０．０５がさらに好ましい。上記変動係数が上記上限を超えると、有価成分が意図せず除去されるおそれや、比較的粒径の大きい研削屑が再生研削液Ｙに混入されるおそれがあり、再生研削液Ｙの品質を保ち難くなるおそれがある。一方、上記複数の孔の孔径の変動係数の下限としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば０．０１とすることができる。なお、「複数の孔の孔径の変動係数」とは、任意に抽出した１０個の孔の孔径の標準偏差を平均径で割った値をいう。 It is preferable that the pore diameters of the plurality of pores of the filtration membrane are uniform. The upper limit of the coefficient of variation in the diameter of the plurality of holes is preferably 0.20, more preferably 0.10, and even more preferably 0.05. If the coefficient of variation exceeds the upper limit, valuable components may be unintentionally removed, and grinding scraps having a relatively large particle size may be mixed into the reclaimed grinding fluid Y. May be difficult to keep. On the other hand, the lower limit of the variation coefficient of the hole diameter of the plurality of holes is not particularly limited, and may be set to 0.01, for example. The “coefficient of variation of the hole diameters of the plurality of holes” refers to a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the hole diameters of 10 arbitrarily extracted holes by the average diameter.
　上記濾過膜の材質としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば合成樹脂、セラミック等を用いることができる。また、上記合成樹脂としては、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、エチレン－ビニルアルコール共重合体、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスチレン、ポリスルホン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、酢酸セルロース、ポリアクリロニトリル、ＰＴＦＥ等の熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられる。中でも、上記濾過膜の主成分としては、機械的強度、耐薬品性、耐熱性、耐候性、不燃性等に優れ、多孔質性であるＰＴＦＥが好ましく、１軸又は２軸延伸したＰＴＦＥがより好ましい。上記濾過膜の主成分がＰＴＦＥであることで、上記濾過膜が３次元網目構造を有するため、研削屑を効果的に分離することができ、かつこの研削屑によって孔が閉鎖され難い。また、上記濾過膜が３次元網目構造を有することで、この濾過膜が多少摩耗しても研削屑の分離機能が低下し難い。さらに、上記濾過膜がセラミックによって形成される場合、この濾過膜の形成に要するコストが高くなると共に、この濾過膜が割れるおそれがある。これに対し、上記濾過膜の主成分がＰＴＦＥであることで、比較的安価で耐久性の高い濾過膜を形成することができる。
加えて、当該再生装置１では、使用済み研削液Ｘの再生処理を続けるうちに、上記濾過膜の表面に油分等の研削屑が徐々に付着していく。これらの研削屑は、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液等の強アルカリ性水溶液を用いて洗浄することで除去しやすい。この点に関し、上記濾過膜の主成分がＰＴＦＥであることで、他の有機膜に比較して水酸化ナトリウム等に対する耐性が高めることができ、上記濾過膜、ひいては当該再生装置１の長寿命化を促進することができる。 The material of the filtration membrane is not particularly limited, and for example, synthetic resin, ceramic, or the like can be used. Examples of the synthetic resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, cellulose acetate, poly Examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as acrylonitrile and PTFE. Among them, as a main component of the filtration membrane, PTFE which is excellent in mechanical strength, chemical resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, non-flammability and the like and porous is preferable, and uniaxially or biaxially stretched PTFE is more. preferable. Since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure because the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, the grinding waste can be effectively separated, and the holes are not easily closed by the grinding waste. In addition, since the filtration membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, even if the filtration membrane is somewhat worn, the separation function of the grinding dust is unlikely to deteriorate. Furthermore, when the said filtration membrane is formed with a ceramic, while the cost required for formation of this filtration membrane becomes high, there exists a possibility that this filtration membrane may crack. On the other hand, since the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, a relatively inexpensive and highly durable filtration membrane can be formed.
In addition, in the regenerator 1, as the used grinding liquid X is regenerated, grinding debris such as oil gradually adheres to the surface of the filtration membrane. These grinding scraps are easy to remove by washing with a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. In this regard, since the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, resistance to sodium hydroxide and the like can be increased as compared with other organic membranes, and the lifetime of the filtration membrane and thus the regenerator 1 can be increased. Can be promoted.
　上記濾過膜がＰＴＦＥを主成分とする中空糸膜である場合、上記濾過膜は例えばＰＴＦＥを押出成形して得られるチューブを用いて形成することができる。このように上記濾過膜を押出成形チューブを用いて形成することで、この濾過膜の機械的強度を向上しやすく、かつ空孔も容易に形成することができる。なお、このチューブは軸方向に５０％以上７００％以下、周方向に５％以上１００％以下程度の延伸率で延伸することが好ましい。このチューブの周方向の延伸率に対する軸方向の延伸率の比の下限としては、２が好ましく、５がより好ましい。一方、上記比の上限としては、１５が好ましく、１０がより好ましい。上記比を上記範囲内とすることで、上記濾過膜の空孔を中空糸膜の軸方向を長軸とする細長状、典型的には楕円状に形成することができる。このように、上記濾過膜の空孔が細長状である場合、上記濾過膜の平均孔径を比較的大きくしても研削屑の透過を的確に防止しやすい。そのため、この構成によると、濾過液の透過流束を高めて再生研削液Ｙの生成効率を十分に向上しやすい。 When the filtration membrane is a hollow fiber membrane containing PTFE as a main component, the filtration membrane can be formed by using, for example, a tube obtained by extruding PTFE. Thus, by forming the filtration membrane using an extruded tube, the mechanical strength of the filtration membrane can be easily improved, and pores can be easily formed. The tube is preferably stretched at a stretching ratio of about 50% to 700% in the axial direction and about 5% to 100% in the circumferential direction. The lower limit of the ratio of the stretching ratio in the axial direction to the stretching ratio in the circumferential direction of the tube is preferably 2, and more preferably 5. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio is preferably 15, and more preferably 10. By setting the ratio within the above range, the pores of the filtration membrane can be formed in an elongated shape, typically an ellipse, whose major axis is the axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane. As described above, when the pores of the filtration membrane are elongated, it is easy to accurately prevent the permeation of grinding waste even if the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane is relatively large. Therefore, according to this configuration, it is easy to sufficiently improve the generation efficiency of the regenerated grinding liquid Y by increasing the permeation flux of the filtrate.
　上記チューブは、例えばＰＴＦＥファインパウダーにナフサ等の液状潤滑剤をブレンドし、押出成形等によりチューブ状とした後に延伸することで得ることができる。また、チューブをＰＴＦＥファインパウダーの融点以上の温度、例えば３５０～５５０℃程度に保った加熱炉中で、数１０秒から数分程度保持し焼結することにより、寸法安定性を高めることができる。 The tube can be obtained, for example, by blending a PTFE fine powder with a liquid lubricant such as naphtha and making it into a tube shape by extrusion molding or the like. Further, dimensional stability can be improved by holding and sintering the tube for several tens of seconds to several minutes in a heating furnace maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of PTFE fine powder, for example, about 350 to 550 ° C. .
　上記複数本の中空糸膜の空孔率の下限としては、５０％が好ましく、５５％がより好ましい。一方、上記複数本の中空糸膜の空孔率の上限としては、９０％が好ましく、８５％がより好ましい。上記空孔率が上記下限に満たないと、濾過液の透過流束が低くなり使用済み研削液Ｘの再生効率が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、上記空孔率が上記上限を超えると、上記複数本の中空糸膜の機械的強度が不十分となるおそれがある。なお、空孔率とは、上記複数本の中空糸膜の体積に対する空孔の総体積の割合をいい、ＡＳＴＭ－Ｄ－７９２に準拠して複数本の中空糸膜の密度を測定することで求めることができる。 The lower limit of the porosity of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is preferably 50%, more preferably 55%. On the other hand, the upper limit of the porosity of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is preferably 90%, more preferably 85%. If the porosity is less than the lower limit, the permeate flux of the filtrate may be lowered, and the regeneration efficiency of the used grinding fluid X may be insufficient. Conversely, if the porosity exceeds the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes may be insufficient. The porosity is the ratio of the total volume of the pores to the volume of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and the density of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is measured according to ASTM-D-792. Can be sought.
（研削屑排出槽）
　研削屑排出槽４は、膜分離モジュール３の上記複数本の中空糸膜の外周面側の空間と連通している。研削屑排出槽４には、膜分離モジュール３の上記複数本の中空糸膜の内部に透過しなかった研削屑が排出される。また、研削屑排出槽４には、使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる砥粒が排出される。研削屑排出槽４に排出される研削屑は、例えば随時産業廃棄物等として廃棄される。 (Grinding waste discharge tank)
The grinding waste discharge tank 4 communicates with the space on the outer peripheral surface side of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes of the membrane separation module 3. Grinding waste that has not permeated into the plurality of hollow fiber membranes of the membrane separation module 3 is discharged into the grinding waste discharge tank 4. In addition, abrasive grains contained in the used grinding liquid X are discharged into the grinding waste discharge tank 4. The grinding waste discharged to the grinding waste discharge tank 4 is discarded as industrial waste or the like as needed.
＜研削液の再生方法＞
　次に、図２を参照して、図１の再生装置１を用いた研削液の再生方法（以下、単に「再生方法」ともいう）について説明する。当該再生方法は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液Ｘの再生方法である。当該再生方法は、使用済み研削液Ｘから上記研削屑を濾過膜によって分離する膜分離工程（Ｓ１）を備える。当該再生方法は、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。 <Recycling method of grinding fluid>
Next, with reference to FIG. 2, a method of regenerating the grinding fluid using the regenerating apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “regenerating method”) will be described. The said regeneration method is a regeneration method of the used grinding fluid X containing grinding waste. The regeneration method includes a membrane separation step (S1) that separates the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X with a filtration membrane. In the regeneration method, the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
　当該再生方法は、上記膜分離工程で用いられる濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下であるので、使用済み研削液から研削屑を選択的かつ効率的に分離することができる。そのため、当該研削液の再生方法は、使用済み研削液Ｘの再生を容易かつ効率的に行うことができる。 In the regeneration method, since the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane used in the membrane separation step is 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, the grinding waste can be selectively and efficiently separated from the used grinding fluid. Therefore, the method for regenerating the grinding fluid can easily and efficiently regenerate the used grinding fluid X.
（膜分離工程）
　Ｓ１は、図１の膜分離モジュール３によって行われる。具体的には、Ｓ１では、研削液貯留槽２に貯留され、ポンプ５によって圧送された研削液Ｘのうち一定粒径以上の研削屑及び砥粒を上記濾過膜によって膜分離する。Ｓ１では、上記濾過膜を透過した濾過液を再生研削液Ｙとして系外に排出する。一方、Ｓ１では、上記濾過膜を透過しなかった研削屑Ａを研削屑排出槽４に排出する。 (Membrane separation process)
S1 is performed by the membrane separation module 3 of FIG. Specifically, in S <b> 1, grinding waste and abrasive grains having a predetermined particle diameter or more are separated from the grinding liquid X stored in the grinding liquid storage tank 2 and pumped by the pump 5 by the filtration membrane. In S <b> 1, the filtrate that has permeated through the filtration membrane is discharged out of the system as the regenerated grinding fluid Y. On the other hand, in S <b> 1, the grinding waste A that has not passed through the filtration membrane is discharged to the grinding waste discharge tank 4.
　Ｓ１における濾過液の平均透過流束の上限としては、上記濾過膜によって使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる研削屑を十分に捕捉する点から、７．０ｍ／Ｄが好ましく、５．０ｍ／Ｄがより好ましい。一方、上記平均透過流束の下限としては、再生研削液Ｙの再生効率が不十分となることを防ぐ観点から、例えば０．１ｍ／Ｄが好ましく、０．４ｍ／Ｄがより好ましい。なお、「平均透過流束」とは、上記濾過膜に研削屑が付着していない状態で、使用済み研削液から研削屑を５時間膜分離した場合の透過流束の平均値をいう。 As an upper limit of the average permeation flux of the filtrate in S1, 7.0 m / D is preferable, and 5.0 m / D is preferable in terms of sufficiently capturing the grinding scraps contained in the used grinding fluid X by the filtration membrane. More preferred. On the other hand, the lower limit of the average permeation flux is, for example, preferably 0.1 m / D and more preferably 0.4 m / D from the viewpoint of preventing the regeneration efficiency of the regenerated grinding fluid Y from becoming insufficient. The “average permeation flux” means an average value of permeation flux when the grinding waste is separated from the used grinding fluid for 5 hours in a state where the grinding waste is not attached to the filtration membrane.
　なお、当該再生方法は、Ｓ１のみによって使用済み研削液Ｘから研削屑を分離するもので、遠心分離工程等の他の分離工程を有しないことが好ましい。一方、当該再生方法では、Ｓ１によって膜分離処理を続けるうちに、上記濾過膜の表面等に油分等の研削屑が徐々に付着していく。そのため、当該再生方法は、Ｓ１の停止時に上記濾過膜を洗浄する洗浄工程を備えていてもよい。以下、この洗浄工程について説明する。 In addition, it is preferable that the said reproduction | regenerating method isolate | separates a grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X only by S1, and does not have other separation processes, such as a centrifugation process. On the other hand, in the regeneration method, grinding debris such as oil gradually adheres to the surface of the filtration membrane and the like while the membrane separation process is continued in S1. Therefore, the regeneration method may include a cleaning process for cleaning the filtration membrane when S1 is stopped. Hereinafter, this cleaning process will be described.
（洗浄工程）
　上記洗浄工程における具体的洗浄方法としては、上記濾過膜に付着した研削屑を除去することができる限り特に限定されるものではないが、上記洗浄工程は、上記濾過膜をもみ洗いするもみ洗い工程と、もみ洗い工程後に上記濾過膜をアルカリ洗浄するアルカリ洗浄工程とを有することが好ましい。上記もみ洗い工程では、例えば上記濾過膜を手もみ洗いする。また、上記アルカリ洗浄工程では、例えば上記濾過膜を水酸化ナトリウム水溶液等の強アルカリ性水溶液を用いてアルカリ洗浄する。当該再生方法は、上記濾過膜が上述のようにＰＴＦＥを主成分とする場合、この濾過膜を容易にもみ洗いすることができる。さらに、上記濾過膜の主成分がＰＴＦＥであることで、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液等の強アルカリ性水溶液を用いてアルカリ洗浄した場合でも上記濾過膜の劣化を抑制することができるので、上記濾過膜、ひいては当該再生装置１の長寿命化を促進することができる。 (Washing process)
The specific cleaning method in the cleaning step is not particularly limited as long as grinding debris adhering to the filtration membrane can be removed, but the cleaning step is a rice washing step for washing the filtration membrane. And an alkali washing step of washing the filtration membrane with an alkali after the rice bran washing step. In the above-mentioned washing process, for example, the filtration membrane is washed with hands. In the alkali washing step, for example, the filtration membrane is alkali washed with a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. In the regeneration method, when the filtration membrane is mainly composed of PTFE as described above, the filtration membrane can be easily washed. Furthermore, since the main component of the filtration membrane is PTFE, deterioration of the filtration membrane can be suppressed even when alkaline washing is performed using a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Prolonging the life of the reproducing apparatus 1 can be promoted.
［第二実施形態］
＜研削液の再生装置＞
　図３の研削液の再生装置２１（以下、単に「再生装置２１」ともいう）は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液Ｘの再生装置である。当該再生装置２１は、使用済み研削液Ｘを貯留する研削液貯留槽２と、研削液貯留槽２に貯留された使用済み研削液Ｘから研削屑を分離する濾過膜を有する膜分離モジュール３とを備える。また、当該再生装置２１は、膜分離モジュール３で膜分離された研削屑Ａが排出される研削屑排出槽４と、研削液貯留槽２から排出された使用済み研削液Ｘを膜分離モジュール３に圧送するポンプ５とを備える。さらに、当該再生装置２１は、研削液貯留槽２に貯留される使用済み研削液Ｘに凝集剤Ｂを添加する凝集剤添加機構２２を備える。当該再生装置２１は、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。当該再生装置２１における研削液貯留槽２、膜分離モジュール３、研削屑排出槽４及びポンプ５としては、図１の再生装置１と同様のため、同一符号を付して説明を省略する。 [Second Embodiment]
<Grinding fluid recycling device>
3 is a regeneration device for used grinding fluid X containing grinding scraps. The regenerator 21 includes a grinding fluid reservoir 2 that stores a used grinding fluid X, and a membrane separation module 3 that includes a filtration membrane that separates grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid reservoir 2. Is provided. In addition, the regenerator 21 uses the grinding waste discharge tank 4 from which the grinding waste A separated by the membrane separation module 3 is discharged, and the used grinding fluid X discharged from the grinding fluid storage tank 2 to the membrane separation module 3. And a pump 5 for feeding to the pump. Further, the regenerator 21 includes a flocculant addition mechanism 22 that adds the flocculant B to the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid reservoir 2. The regenerator 21 has an average pore diameter of the filtration membrane of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less. Since the grinding fluid storage tank 2, the membrane separation module 3, the grinding waste discharging tank 4 and the pump 5 in the regeneration device 21 are the same as those in the regeneration device 1 of FIG.
（凝集剤添加機構）
　凝集剤添加機構２２は、凝集剤Ｂを研削液貯留槽２に供給するための供給管２２ａと、研削液貯留槽２に供給された凝集剤Ｂを使用済み研削液Ｘと混合する攪拌機２２ｂとを有する。凝集剤添加機構２２は、使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる研削屑、典型的には油分、をフロック化する。詳細には、凝集剤添加機構２２は、使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる上記研削屑を上記濾過膜の孔径よりも粒径が大きくなるようにフロック化する。 (Coagulant addition mechanism)
The flocculant addition mechanism 22 includes a supply pipe 22a for supplying the flocculant B to the grinding fluid reservoir 2, and a stirrer 22b for mixing the flocculant B supplied to the grinding fluid reservoir 2 with the used grinding fluid X. Have The flocculant addition mechanism 22 flocks grinding debris, typically oil, contained in the used grinding fluid X. Specifically, the flocculant addition mechanism 22 flocks the grinding scraps contained in the used grinding fluid X so that the particle diameter becomes larger than the pore diameter of the filtration membrane.
　凝集剤Ｂとしては、使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる研削屑を凝集させることができる限り特に限定されるものではなく、例えば無機凝集剤、高分子凝集剤等の公知の凝集剤が挙げられる。上記無機凝集剤としては、例えば硫酸アルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム等のアルミニウム塩、塩化第二鉄、硫化第一鉄、ポリ硫酸第二鉄、鉄－シリカ無機高分子等の鉄塩などが挙げられる。また、上記高分子凝集剤としては、カチオン性ポリマー、アニオン性ポリマー及びノニオン性ポリマーが挙げられる。上記カチオン性ポリマーとしては、例えばポリジメチルアミノエチル（メタ）アクリレート、ポリジエチルアミノエチル（メタ）アクリレート、ポリジメチルアミノプロピル（メタ）アクリルアミド、ポリジメチルアミノプロピル（メタ）アクリルアミド、ポリアリルジメチルアミン及びこれらの中和塩、４級塩等が挙げられる。上記アニオン性ポリマーとしては、例えばポリ（メタ）アクリル酸、ポリマレイン酸、ポリイタコン酸及びそれらの塩等が挙げられる。上記ノニオン性ポリマーとしては、例えばポリ（メタ）アクリルアミド、ポリＮ－イソプロピルアクリルアミド、ポリＮ，Ｎ－ジメチル（メタ）アクリルアミド等が挙げられる。 The flocculant B is not particularly limited as long as the grinding waste contained in the used grinding fluid X can be agglomerated, and examples thereof include known flocculants such as inorganic flocculants and polymer flocculants. Examples of the inorganic flocculant include aluminum salts such as aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride, and iron salts such as ferric chloride, ferrous sulfide, polyferric sulfate, and iron-silica inorganic polymer. Examples of the polymer flocculant include cationic polymers, anionic polymers, and nonionic polymers. Examples of the cationic polymer include polydimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, polydiethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, polydimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, polydimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, polyallyldimethylamine, and these. Neutralized salts, quaternary salts and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the anionic polymer include poly (meth) acrylic acid, polymaleic acid, polyitaconic acid and salts thereof. Examples of the nonionic polymer include poly (meth) acrylamide, polyN-isopropylacrylamide, polyN, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide and the like.
　当該再生装置２１は、凝集剤添加機構２２を備えるので、凝集剤Ｂによって研削屑を凝集させることができ、研削屑の上記濾過膜の透過をより確実に抑制することができる。そのため、当該再生装置２１は、使用済み研削液Ｘの再生をより容易かつ確実に行うことができる。 Since the regenerator 21 includes the flocculant addition mechanism 22, the grinding waste can be aggregated by the flocculant B, and the permeation of the grinding waste through the filtration membrane can be more reliably suppressed. Therefore, the said reproduction | regeneration apparatus 21 can perform reproduction | regeneration of the used grinding fluid X more easily and reliably.
＜研削液の再生方法＞
　次に、図４を参照して、図３の再生装置２１を用いた研削液の再生方法について説明する。当該再生方法は、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液Ｘの再生方法である。当該再生方法は、使用済み研削液Ｘから上記研削屑を濾過膜によって分離する膜分離工程（Ｓ１）と、研削液貯留槽２に貯留される使用済み研削液Ｘに凝集剤Ｂを添加する凝集剤添加工程（Ｓ２）とを備える。当該再生方法は、上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である。当該再生方法における膜分離工程（Ｓ１）は、図２の再生方法と同様であるため、説明を省略する。なお、当該再生方法は、Ｓ１のみによって使用済み研削液Ｘから研削屑を分離するもので、遠心分離工程等の他の分離工程を有しないことが好ましい。また、当該再生方法は、図２の再生方法と同様、上記濾過膜を洗浄する洗浄工程を備えていてもよい。 <Recycling method of grinding fluid>
Next, a method for regenerating the grinding fluid using the regenerating apparatus 21 of FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. The said regeneration method is a regeneration method of the used grinding fluid X containing grinding waste. The regeneration method includes a membrane separation step (S1) for separating the grinding waste from the used grinding fluid X by a filtration membrane, and an agglomeration in which a flocculant B is added to the used grinding fluid X stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2. And an agent addition step (S2). In the regeneration method, the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less. The membrane separation step (S1) in the regeneration method is the same as the regeneration method of FIG. In addition, the said regeneration method isolate | separates a grinding | polishing waste from the used grinding fluid X only by S1, It is preferable not to have other separation processes, such as a centrifugation process. Moreover, the said regeneration method may be equipped with the washing | cleaning process which wash | cleans the said filtration membrane similarly to the regeneration method of FIG.
（凝集剤添加工程）
　Ｓ２は、凝集剤添加機構２２によって行われる。Ｓ２を行うタイミングについては特に限定されるものではなく、例えばＳ２は、研削液貯留槽２に使用済み研削液Ｘが供給される都度行われてもよい。この場合、当該再生方法は、Ｓ２の後にＳ１を行うことになる。
一方、当該再生方法は、図４に示すように、Ｓ１を連続的に又は断続的に行い、Ｓ１によって得られる濾過液中の研削屑の濃度、研削液貯留槽２に貯留される研削屑の濃度等が所定値以上になった場合にＳ２を行ってもよい。 (Flocculant addition process)
S <b> 2 is performed by the flocculant addition mechanism 22. The timing for performing S2 is not particularly limited. For example, S2 may be performed every time the used grinding fluid X is supplied to the grinding fluid reservoir 2. In this case, the reproduction method performs S1 after S2.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the regeneration method performs S <b> 1 continuously or intermittently, and the concentration of the grinding waste in the filtrate obtained by S <b> 1, the grinding waste stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2. S2 may be performed when the density or the like becomes a predetermined value or more.
　当該再生方法は、上記凝集剤添加工程によって使用済み研削液Ｘに含まれる研削屑を凝集させることができるので、研削屑の濾過膜の透過をより確実に抑制することができる。
そのため、当該再生方法は、使用済み研削液Ｘの再生をより容易かつ確実に行うことができる。また、当該再生方法は、例えば上記膜分離工程によって得られる濾過液中の研削屑の濃度、研削液貯留槽２に貯留される研削屑の濃度等が所定値以上になった場合にＳ２を行うことによって、再生研削液Ｙの品質をより安定的に保つことができる。 Since the said regeneration method can aggregate the grinding waste contained in the used grinding liquid X by the said coagulant | flocculant addition process, permeation | transmission of the filtration membrane of grinding waste can be suppressed more reliably.
Therefore, the regeneration method can perform the regeneration of the used grinding fluid X more easily and reliably. Moreover, the said regeneration method performs S2 when the density | concentration of the grinding waste in the filtrate obtained by the said membrane separation process, the density | concentration of the grinding waste stored in the grinding fluid storage tank 2, etc. become more than predetermined value, for example. As a result, the quality of the reclaimed grinding liquid Y can be maintained more stably.
［その他の実施形態］
　今回開示された実施の形態は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。 [Other Embodiments]
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment described above, but is defined by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims. The
　例えば、当該再生装置は、必ずしもデッドエンド方式の膜分離モジュールを用いる必要はなく、例えばクロスフロー方式の膜分離モジュールを用いることも可能である。また、上記濾過膜は、必ずしも中空糸膜である必要はなく、例えば平膜であってもよい。さらに、当該再生装置は、上記膜分離モジュールのみによって再生研削液を生成することが可能であるが、上記膜分離モジュール以外の研削屑分離機構として、例えば上記研削液貯留槽中の浮上油を除去する機構を備えていてもよい。 For example, the regeneration apparatus does not necessarily need to use a dead-end type membrane separation module, and can use, for example, a cross-flow type membrane separation module. The filtration membrane is not necessarily a hollow fiber membrane, and may be a flat membrane, for example. Further, the regenerator can generate regenerated grinding fluid only by the membrane separation module, but as a grinding waste separation mechanism other than the membrane separation module, for example, remove floating oil in the grinding fluid reservoir. It is also possible to provide a mechanism for
　当該再生装置は、例えば一定量の使用済み研削液を研削液貯留槽に貯留し、この研削液の全量を再生することを繰り返し行うバッチ式再生装置として構成することが可能である。また、当該再生装置は、使用済み研削液を研削液貯留槽に継続的又は断続的に供給しつつ、この供給と平行して濾過膜によって研削屑を分離する連続式再生装置として構成することも可能である。 The regenerator can be configured as a batch regenerator that repeatedly stores, for example, a certain amount of used grinding fluid in a grinding fluid reservoir and regenerates the entire amount of the grinding fluid. In addition, the regenerating apparatus may be configured as a continuous regenerating apparatus that supplies the used grinding fluid continuously or intermittently to the grinding fluid storage tank and separates the grinding waste by the filtration membrane in parallel with the supply. Is possible.
　以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［Ｎｏ．１］
　図１の再生装置１を用いた研削液の再生方法によって、研削屑を含む使用済みエマルジョン系研削液から再生研削液を生成した。使用前における研削液の成分を測定したところ、鉱物油５８００ｐｐｍ、動植物油７１００ｐｐｍ、ＢＯＤ１５０００ｐｐｍであった。
また、使用後の研削液の成分を測定したところ、鉱物油４００００ｐｐｍ、動植物油４２０００ｐｐｍ、ＢＯＤ６２０００ｐｐｍであった。この再生装置１の膜分離モジュール３としては、３本の中空糸膜を有し、これらの中空糸膜の合計膜面積が１．０５ｍ２であり、複数本の中空糸膜の平均孔径が２．０μｍであるものを用いた。 [No. 1]
A regenerated grinding fluid was generated from a used emulsion-based grinding fluid containing grinding scraps by a grinding fluid regenerating method using the regenerating apparatus 1 of FIG. The components of the grinding fluid before use were measured and found to be 5800 ppm mineral oil, 7100 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 15,000 ppm BOD.
Moreover, when the component of the grinding fluid after use was measured, they were 40000 ppm mineral oil, 42000 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 62,000 ppm BOD. The membrane separation module 3 of the regenerator 1 has three hollow fiber membranes, the total membrane area of these hollow fiber membranes is 1.05 m 2 , and the average pore diameter of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes is 2 Those having a thickness of 0.0 μm were used.
　上述の使用済み研削液２０Ｌを研削液貯留槽２に貯留し、この使用済み研削液の全量をポンプ５によって膜分離モジュール３に圧送して研削屑を分離した。膜分離モジュール３における濾過圧力は３０ｋＰａとした。複数本の中空糸膜を透過した濾過液の平均透過流束は５．０ｍ／Ｄであった。Ｎｏ．１によって得られた再生研削液Ｙの成分をノルマルヘキサン抽出法で測定したところ、鉱物油９６００ｐｐｍ、動植物油１２０００ｐｐｍ、ＢＯＤ２１０００ｐｐｍであった。 The above-mentioned used grinding fluid 20L was stored in the grinding fluid reservoir 2, and the entire amount of this used grinding fluid was pumped to the membrane separation module 3 by the pump 5 to separate the grinding debris. The filtration pressure in the membrane separation module 3 was 30 kPa. The average permeation flux of the filtrate that passed through the plurality of hollow fiber membranes was 5.0 m / D. No. When the components of the reclaimed grinding fluid Y obtained by No. 1 were measured by a normal hexane extraction method, they were 9600 ppm mineral oil, 12000 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 21,000 ppm BOD.
［Ｎｏ．２］
　図３の再生装置２１を模した装置を用いた研削液の再生方法によって、研削屑を含む使用済み研削液から再生研削液を生成した。使用済み研削液としてはＮｏ．１と同様のものを用いた。また、膜分離モジュール３としては、Ｎｏ．１と同様のものを用いた。 [No. 2]
A regenerated grinding fluid was generated from a used grinding fluid containing grinding scraps by a grinding fluid regenerating method using an apparatus simulating the regenerating apparatus 21 of FIG. No. of used grinding fluid 1 was used. In addition, as the membrane separation module 3, no. 1 was used.
　ｐＨ調整剤として塩酸を用い、上述の使用済み研削液のｐＨを６．８に調整した。次に、この使用済み研削液合計２０Ｌを研削液貯留槽２を模した複数の容器に移し、これらの容器をジャーテスターに設置した。これらの容器に凝集剤としてポリ塩化アルミニウムを１０ｇ／Ｌの濃度で添加した。続いて、ｐＨ調整剤として水酸化ナトリウムを用い、凝集剤添加後の使用済み研削液のｐＨを６．８に調整した。上記ジャーテスターを用い、ｐＨ調整後の使用済み研削液を攪拌速度１５０ｒｐｍで５分間攪拌し、さらに攪拌速度５０ｒｐｍで１０分間攪拌した。その後、この攪拌後の使用済み研削液の全量を膜分離モジュール３に圧送して研削屑を分離した。膜分離モジュール３における濾過圧力はＮｏ．１と同様とした。複数本の中空糸膜を透過した濾過液の平均透過流束は２．０ｍ／Ｄであった。Ｎｏ．２によって得られた再生研削液Ｙの成分を測定したところ、鉱物油５６００ｐｐｍ、動植物油５１００ｐｐｍ、ＢＯＤ１４０００ｐｐｍであった。 The hydrochloric acid was used as a pH adjuster, and the pH of the above-mentioned used grinding fluid was adjusted to 6.8. Next, a total of 20 L of the used grinding fluid was transferred to a plurality of containers simulating the grinding fluid storage tank 2, and these containers were installed in a jar tester. Polyaluminum chloride as a flocculant was added to these containers at a concentration of 10 g / L. Subsequently, sodium hydroxide was used as a pH adjuster, and the pH of the used grinding fluid after adding the flocculant was adjusted to 6.8. Using the above jar tester, the used grinding liquid after pH adjustment was stirred for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 rpm, and further stirred for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 50 rpm. Thereafter, the entire amount of the used grinding liquid after stirring was pumped to the membrane separation module 3 to separate grinding scraps. The filtration pressure in the membrane separation module 3 is no. Same as 1. The average permeation flux of the filtrate that passed through the plurality of hollow fiber membranes was 2.0 m / D. No. When the components of the reclaimed grinding liquid Y obtained by No. 2 were measured, they were 5600 ppm mineral oil, 5100 ppm animal and vegetable oil, and 14,000 ppm BOD.
［Ｎｏ．３及びＮｏ．４］
　上記複数本の中空糸膜の平均孔径を表１の通りとした以外、Ｎｏ．２と同様にして使用済み研削液の再生処理を行った。 [No. 3 and no. 4]
No. 1 except that the average pore diameter of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes was as shown in Table 1. In the same manner as in No. 2, the used grinding fluid was regenerated.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
［評価結果］
　表１に示すように、中空糸膜の平均孔径が２．０μｍで、かつ使用済み研削液に凝集剤を添加したＮｏ．２は、鉱物油、動植物油及びＢＯＤがいずれも使用前の値と同程度になっており、使用済み研削液を高精度で再生できている。これは、使用済み研削液に含まれる浮上油、潤滑油、切り粉、摩擦粉、微生物等の研削屑を高精度で除去することができたためと考えられる。また、Ｎｏ．２に対して凝集剤を添加しなかったＮｏ．１についても鉱物油、動植物油及びＢＯＤをいずれも使用後の含有量に対して０．３４倍以下に抑制することができており、使用済み研削液から研削屑を十分に分離することができている。さらに、中空糸膜の平均孔径が３．０μｍ及び５．０μｍであるＮｏ．３及びＮｏ．４についても、鉱物油、動植物油及びＢＯＤがいずれも使用後の含有量に比べて低減されている。これは、中空糸膜の平均孔径が上記値である場合、使用済み研削液に含まれる浮上油を効果的に分離することができるためと考えられる。 [Evaluation results]
As shown in Table 1, the average pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane was 2.0 μm, and No. 1 was obtained by adding a flocculant to the used grinding fluid. In No. 2, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, and BOD are all at the same level as before use, and the used grinding fluid can be regenerated with high accuracy. This is considered to be because grinding wastes such as floating oil, lubricating oil, cutting powder, friction powder, and microorganisms contained in the used grinding liquid could be removed with high accuracy. No. No flocculant added to No. 2 Also for No. 1, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and BOD can all be suppressed to 0.34 times or less with respect to the content after use, and grinding scraps can be sufficiently separated from the used grinding fluid. ing. Furthermore, the average pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 3.0 μm and 5.0 μm. 3 and no. Also about 4, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oil, and BOD are all reduced compared with content after use. This is considered to be because the floating oil contained in the used grinding fluid can be effectively separated when the average pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is the above value.
１，２１　研削液の再生装置
２　研削液貯留槽
３　膜分離モジュール
４　研削屑排出槽
５　ポンプ
６　排出管
２２　凝集剤添加機構
２２ａ　供給管
２２ｂ　攪拌機
Ａ　研削屑
Ｂ　凝集剤
Ｘ　使用済み研削液
Ｙ　再生研削液 1,21 Grinding fluid regeneration device 2 Grinding fluid storage tank 3 Membrane separation module 4 Grinding waste discharge tank 5 Pump 6 Discharge pipe 22 Coagulant addition mechanism 22a Supply pipe 22b Stirrer A Grinding waste B Coagulant X Used grinding liquid Y Regeneration Grinding fluid

Claims (4)

  1. 　研削屑を含む使用済み研削液の再生装置であって、
    　上記使用済み研削液を貯留する貯留槽と、
    　上記貯留槽に貯留された使用済み研削液から上記研削屑を分離する濾過膜を有する膜分離モジュールと
    　を備え、
    　上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である研削液の再生装置。     A recycling apparatus for used grinding fluid containing grinding waste,
    A storage tank for storing the used grinding fluid;
    A membrane separation module having a filtration membrane for separating the grinding scraps from the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank,
    An apparatus for regenerating a grinding fluid, wherein the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
  2. 　上記貯留槽に貯留される使用済み研削液に凝集剤を添加する凝集剤添加機構をさらに備える請求項１に記載の研削液の再生装置。 2. The grinding fluid regenerating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a flocculant addition mechanism for adding a flocculant to the used grinding fluid stored in the storage tank.
  3. 　上記濾過膜の主成分がポリテトラフルオロエチレンである請求項１又は請求項２に記載の研削液の再生装置。 3. The grinding fluid recycling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a main component of the filtration membrane is polytetrafluoroethylene.
  4. 　研削屑を含む使用済み研削液の再生方法であって、
    　上記使用済み研削液から上記研削屑を濾過膜によって分離する膜分離工程を備え、
    　上記濾過膜の平均孔径が１．０μｍ以上１０．０μｍ以下である研削液の再生方法。     A method for reclaiming used grinding fluid containing grinding waste,
    Comprising a membrane separation step of separating the grinding scraps from the used grinding fluid by a filtration membrane;
    A method for regenerating a grinding fluid, wherein the filtration membrane has an average pore size of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.
PCT/JP2017/043460 2017-03-23 2017-12-04 Grinding fluid regeneration device and grinding fluid regeneration method WO2018173376A1 (en)

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