WO2018171765A1 - Control device and control method having both pid effect suppression and reparation functions - Google Patents

Control device and control method having both pid effect suppression and reparation functions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018171765A1
WO2018171765A1 PCT/CN2018/080348 CN2018080348W WO2018171765A1 WO 2018171765 A1 WO2018171765 A1 WO 2018171765A1 CN 2018080348 W CN2018080348 W CN 2018080348W WO 2018171765 A1 WO2018171765 A1 WO 2018171765A1
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Prior art keywords
pid
control switch
voltage source
control device
photovoltaic
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PCT/CN2018/080348
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄敏
曾维波
徐南
蒋峰
蔡文
方刚
卢进军
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江苏固德威电源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018171765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018171765A1/en

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    • H02J3/383—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device and a control method for suppressing a PID effect and repairing a PID effect in a photovoltaic grid-connected system.
  • PID Peak Induced Degradation
  • It refers to the phenomenon that the photovoltaic panel is at a high voltage for a long time, which leads to the degradation of the performance of the photovoltaic panel.
  • the common situation is that the negative pole of the photovoltaic panel acts on the ground and causes a PID phenomenon.
  • grounding increases the risk of electric shock, and only one inverter can be grounded when multiple machines are connected in parallel. Otherwise, ground circulation will occur.
  • How to choose an inverter that is grounded is a problem.
  • the usual processing is artificially selected.
  • An inverter is grounded.
  • the grounded inverter should keep the internal bus voltage higher than other inverters, so as to ensure the positive voltage of the negative pole of other inverters, but this will inevitably affect the conversion efficiency of the grounded inverter.
  • Mppt tracking accuracy; 3, AC side neutral point virtual uplift the program indirectly raises the photovoltaic panel by raising the AC side neutral point to ground voltage
  • the negative pole is connected to the ground voltage, but a voltage source is added between the neutral point of the AC side and the ground. Because of the influence of the parasitic capacitance of the system, leakage current to the ground is generated, which increases the risk of electric shock.
  • the invention provides a control device with low cost, combined with PID effect suppression and repair function, and reduced risk of electric shock.
  • the control device for the effect suppression and repair function is applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected system
  • the photovoltaic grid-connected system includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation inverter systems, and a transformer connected to the photovoltaic power generation inverter system on the input side and the input side.
  • the output side of the transformer is connected to the grid, and each of the photovoltaic power generation systems includes a photovoltaic panel connected to the photovoltaic panel.
  • the control device for the effect suppression and repair function comprises a plurality of sub-control switches corresponding to each of the photovoltaic power generation inverter systems, a total control switch, an output voltage adjustable isolation voltage source, and one end of the main control switch Connected to a neutral point of the transformer, the other end of the main control switch is connected to a positive output end of the isolated voltage source, and a negative output end of the isolated voltage source is connected to a protection ground, and each of the sub-controls One end of the switch is connected to the output negative pole of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic power generation inverter system, and the other end of each of the sub-control switches is connected to the positive output end of the isolated voltage source.
  • the PID is both
  • the control device for the effect suppression and repair function further includes a current limiting resistor connected between the negative output terminal of the isolated voltage source and the protection ground.
  • control device having both the PID effect suppression and repair function further includes a current sensor connected in series with the isolation resistor.
  • control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function further includes a fuse connected in series with the current limiting resistor.
  • each of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are remote communication control switches, and each of the sub-control switch and the main control switch is connected to a controller that remotely controls its opening or closing.
  • the invention also provides a control method with both PID effect suppression and repair function, which is applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the combination method
  • the control method of the PID effect suppression and repair function is: accessing the above-mentioned control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function in the photovoltaic grid-connected system; when the DC/AC in the photovoltaic grid-connected system After the inverter is operated, the control disconnects each of the sub-control switches, closes the main control switch, and adjusts an output voltage of the isolated voltage source, so that an output voltage of the isolated voltage source is greater than the photovoltaic grid-connected system.
  • the maximum value of the voltage of the midpoint of the DC bus in the DC busbar negative pole is equal to the maximum value of the midpoint of the DC busbar in the photovoltaic grid-connected system to the negative pole of the DC busbar; when each of the photovoltaic grid-connected systems Said After the DC/AC inverter stops working, the control closes each of the sub-control switches, turns off the main control switch, and adjusts the output voltage of the isolated voltage source to be greater than 0.
  • the closing and opening of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are remotely controlled by a controller.
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the present invention has both PID
  • the control device and the control method for the effect suppression and repair function can simultaneously solve the problem of high cost and high electric shock risk of the nighttime anti-pressure scheme, and the electric shock risk caused by the exchange of the neutral point, and can better solve the photovoltaic grid-connected system.
  • Right The suppression and repair of the PID effect has a good application prospect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected system using a control device having both PID effect suppression and repair functions of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected system using a control device having both PID effect suppression and repair functions of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of leakage current in a photovoltaic grid-connected system.
  • the photovoltaic grid-connected system includes several roads (Y Road) Parallel photovoltaic power generation inverter system and transformer.
  • Each photovoltaic power generation inverter system has the same structure, and each photovoltaic power generation inverter system includes a photovoltaic panel PV, a DC/DC converter, a DC bus, and DC/AC inverter.
  • PV panel PV has two outputs - output positive Pv+ and output negative Pv- , input of DC/DC converter and photovoltaic panel PV The two outputs are connected and the DC/DC converter also has two outputs.
  • the DC bus is connected to the output of the DC/DC converter, ie connected to the DC/DC Between the two output terminals of the converter, the DC bus positive bus + and the DC bus negative bus - are respectively formed. There are two capacitors connected in series on the DC bus. The midpoint of the two capacitors forms the midpoint of the DC bus. Mid .
  • the two inputs of the DC/AC inverter are connected to the DC bus, ie the DC bus positive bus+ and the DC bus negative bus Bus- are connected respectively. .
  • the input side of the transformer is connected to each photovoltaic power generation inverter system, that is, the DC/AC in each photovoltaic power generation inverter system
  • the three-phase output of the inverter is connected to the input side of the transformer.
  • the input side of the transformer includes a three-phase coil set using a star connection, so that the common contact of the coil group constitutes the neutral point of the transformer. .
  • the output side of the transformer is connected to the grid.
  • a control device applied to the above-mentioned photovoltaic grid-connected system with both PID effect suppression and repair functions including several sub-control switches S1 ⁇ Sy , a master control switch Sn and an isolated voltage source.
  • One end of the main control switch Sn is connected to the neutral point N of the transformer, and the other end is connected to the positive output terminal of the isolated voltage source.
  • the negative output of the isolated voltage source is connected to the protective ground.
  • the number of sub-control switches S1 ⁇ Sy is the same as the number of photovoltaic power generation inverter systems included in the photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the sub-control switches S1 ⁇ Sy are in one-to-one correspondence with the respective photovoltaic power generation inverter systems.
  • Each sub-control switch One end of S1 ⁇ Sy passes through diodes D1 ⁇ Dy and corresponds to the output negative pole of photovoltaic panel PV in photovoltaic power generation inverter system Pv- Connected to the other end and connected to the positive output of the isolated voltage source.
  • the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is adjustable.
  • the control method based on the above-mentioned control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function is: firstly, the above-mentioned PID is connected in the photovoltaic grid-connected system.
  • the control device for the effect suppression and repair function then controls the open or closed state of each of the sub-control switches S1 ⁇ Sy and the main control switch Sn according to the operating state of each DC/AC inverter. Specifically:
  • the maximum voltage of the DC bus is 1000V, so the midpoint of the DC bus to the DC bus negative Bus- is up to 500V, ie Umidbus- ⁇ 500V, the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is adjusted to be greater than 500V; (2) the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is adjusted so that the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is equal to the midpoint of the DC bus in the photovoltaic grid-connected system.
  • the maximum voltage of the DC bus negative bus Bus- is equal to 500V.
  • control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function further includes a current limiting resistor R, and the current limiting resistor R Connected between the negative output of the isolated voltage source and the protective ground PE.
  • a current limiting resistor R Connected between the negative output of the isolated voltage source and the protective ground PE.
  • the PID is also The control device for the effect suppression and repair function also adds a current sensor CT to detect the current flowing, and the current sensor CT is connected in series with the isolation resistor.
  • current sensor CT When it is detected that the current flowing through is greater than the safe value, the output of the isolated voltage source and the main control switch Sn are disconnected, and the leakage current path is cut off to ensure personnel safety.
  • the control device for the effect suppression and repair function also includes a fuse Fuse, which is connected in series with the current limiting resistor R as a redundancy protection device, when the current limiting resistor R and the current sensor CT In the event of failure, the fuse Fuse is blown when the current is too high, protecting personnel.
  • the neutral point of a virtual transformer can be created by connecting the star-connected capacitor group to the input side of the transformer. That is, the common junction of the star-connected capacitor group constitutes the neutral point N of the virtual transformer, as shown in FIG. At this point, by raising the voltage of the neutral point N of the virtual transformer, it can be played with Figure 1
  • the star-connected transformer shown has the same PID suppression and repair effects.
  • each sub-control switch S1 ⁇ Sy and the main control switch Sn can adopt a remote communication control switch, and each sub-control switch S1 ⁇ Sy And the main control switch Sn is connected to a controller that remotely controls its opening or closing, thereby remotely controlling the closing and opening of the sub-control switches S1 ⁇ Sy and the main control switch Sn through the controller.
  • the current sensor can also be The current signal detected by the CT is fed back to the controller, and the isolated voltage source is connected to the controller, so that when the current is too large, the controller can control the main control switch Sn and disconnect the output of the isolated voltage source in time.

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a control device and control method having both Potential Induced Degradation (PID) effect suppression and reparation functions. The control device comprises a plurality of sub-control switches which correspond one-to-one to each photovoltaic power generation inverter system, a main control switch and an isolated voltage source having an adjustable output voltage; an end of the main control switch is connected to a neutral point of a transformer, and another end of the main control switch is connected to a positive output end of the isolated voltage source, while a negative output end of the isolated voltage source is connected to protective ground; an end of each sub-control switch is connected to an output negative end of a photovoltaic cell panel in a corresponding photovoltaic power generation inverter system, while another end of each sub-control switch is connected to a positive output end of the isolated voltage source. The control device further comprises a current-limiting resistor, a current sensor, and a fuse. The present invention may simultaneously solve the problems wherein costs and risk of electric shock for a nighttime inverse-voltage scheme are high, as well as the risk of electric shock caused by alternating current neutral-point elevation, and may better solve the problems of suppressing and repairing a PID effect in a grid-connected photovoltaic system.

Description

兼具PID效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置和控制方法Control device and control method having both PID effect suppression and repair functions
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及一种用于光伏并网***中以抑制 PID 效应和对 PID 效应进行修复的控制装置和控制方法。 The invention relates to a control device and a control method for suppressing a PID effect and repairing a PID effect in a photovoltaic grid-connected system.
背景技术 Background technique
PID （ Potential Induced Degradation ） 效应 ， 是指光伏电池板对地长期处于高压，导致光伏电池板性能下降的现象，常见的情况是光伏电池板的负极对地负高压作用导致发生 PID 现象。 PID (Potential Induced Degradation) effect, It refers to the phenomenon that the photovoltaic panel is at a high voltage for a long time, which leads to the degradation of the performance of the photovoltaic panel. The common situation is that the negative pole of the photovoltaic panel acts on the ground and causes a PID phenomenon.
常见的 PID 抑制方案有以下几种： 1 、夜间反压，即夜间通过给 光伏电池板 负极对地一个正电压，来修复白天工作时刻因为 光伏电池板 负极对地的负压产生的 PID 效应，如德国 SMA 公司 PID BOX 设备。这种方案只能发生 PID 效应后进行修复，并且每台逆变器配一个修复设备成本偏高，光伏设备夜间带电，也会增加人员误触电的风险； 2 、 光伏电池板 负极接地，通过接地保证光伏电池板负极和地之间不存在负压，以此抑制 PID 效应的发生。但接地会增加触电的风险，并且在多机并联时刻，只能有一台逆变器接地，否则会产生对地环流，如何选择接地的一台逆变器是一个问题，通常的处理是人为选中一台逆变器接地，该接地逆变器要保持内部母线电压高于其他逆变器，这样才能确保其他逆变器的负极对地正压，但这样势必影响接地逆变器的转化效率和 Mppt 追踪精度； 3 、交流侧中性点虚拟抬升，该方案通过抬升交流侧中性点对地电压，间接抬升 光伏电池板 负极对地电压，但在交流侧中性点对地之间加一个电压源，因为***寄生电容的影响，会产生对地的漏电流流过，增加触电风险。 Common PID suppression schemes are as follows: 1. Nighttime back pressure, that is, nighttime pass to photovoltaic panels The negative pole is grounded to a positive voltage to repair the daytime working time due to the PID effect of the negative voltage of the negative electrode of the photovoltaic panel to the ground, such as the German SMA company PID BOX device. This kind of solution can only happen After the PID effect is repaired, and each inverter is equipped with a repairing equipment, the cost is too high, and the photovoltaic equipment is charged at night, which also increases the risk of accidental electric shock; 2, photovoltaic panels The negative pole is grounded, and the grounding is ensured by the grounding to ensure that there is no negative pressure between the negative pole of the photovoltaic panel and the ground. The occurrence of an effect. However, grounding increases the risk of electric shock, and only one inverter can be grounded when multiple machines are connected in parallel. Otherwise, ground circulation will occur. How to choose an inverter that is grounded is a problem. The usual processing is artificially selected. An inverter is grounded. The grounded inverter should keep the internal bus voltage higher than other inverters, so as to ensure the positive voltage of the negative pole of other inverters, but this will inevitably affect the conversion efficiency of the grounded inverter. Mppt tracking accuracy; 3, AC side neutral point virtual uplift, the program indirectly raises the photovoltaic panel by raising the AC side neutral point to ground voltage The negative pole is connected to the ground voltage, but a voltage source is added between the neutral point of the AC side and the ground. Because of the influence of the parasitic capacitance of the system, leakage current to the ground is generated, which increases the risk of electric shock.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明提供一种成本偏低、兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能、降低触电风险的控制装置。 The invention provides a control device with low cost, combined with PID effect suppression and repair function, and reduced risk of electric shock.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是： In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，应用于光伏并网***中，所述光伏并网***包括若干路光伏发电逆变***以及输入侧与各路所述光伏发电逆变***相连接的变压器，所述变压器的输出侧与电网相连接，每路所述光伏发电***均包括光伏电池板、与所述光伏电池板相连接的 DC/DC 变换器、与所述 DC/DC 变换器相连接的直流母线、与所述直流母线相连接的 DC/AC 逆变器，所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置包括若干个与各路所述光伏发电逆变***一一对应的分控开关、一个总控开关、输出电压可调的隔离电压源，所述总控开关的一端与所述变压器的中性点相连接，所述总控开关的另一端与所述隔离电压源的正输出端相连接，所述隔离电压源的负输出端连接保护地，各所述分控开关的一端与其所对应的所述光伏发电逆变***中的光伏电池板的输出负极相连接，各所述分控开关的另一端与所述隔离电压源的正输出端相连接。 One type of PID The control device for the effect suppression and repair function is applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected system, the photovoltaic grid-connected system includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation inverter systems, and a transformer connected to the photovoltaic power generation inverter system on the input side and the input side. The output side of the transformer is connected to the grid, and each of the photovoltaic power generation systems includes a photovoltaic panel connected to the photovoltaic panel. a DC/DC converter, a DC bus connected to the DC/DC converter, and a DC/AC inverter connected to the DC bus, the PID The control device for the effect suppression and repair function comprises a plurality of sub-control switches corresponding to each of the photovoltaic power generation inverter systems, a total control switch, an output voltage adjustable isolation voltage source, and one end of the main control switch Connected to a neutral point of the transformer, the other end of the main control switch is connected to a positive output end of the isolated voltage source, and a negative output end of the isolated voltage source is connected to a protection ground, and each of the sub-controls One end of the switch is connected to the output negative pole of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic power generation inverter system, and the other end of each of the sub-control switches is connected to the positive output end of the isolated voltage source.
优选的，所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括连接于所述隔离电压源的负输出端与所述保护地之间的限流电阻。 Preferably, the PID is both The control device for the effect suppression and repair function further includes a current limiting resistor connected between the negative output terminal of the isolated voltage source and the protection ground.
优选的，所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括与所述隔离电阻相串联的电流传感器。 Preferably, the control device having both the PID effect suppression and repair function further includes a current sensor connected in series with the isolation resistor.
优选的，所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括与所述限流电阻相串联的熔丝。 Preferably, the control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function further includes a fuse connected in series with the current limiting resistor.
优选的，各所述分控开关和所述总控开关均为远程通信控制开关，各所述分控开关和所述总控开关均连接至远程控制其断开或闭合的控制器。 Preferably, each of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are remote communication control switches, and each of the sub-control switch and the main control switch is connected to a controller that remotely controls its opening or closing.
本发明还提供一种兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制方法，该控制方法应用于光伏并网***中，所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制方法为：在所述光伏并网***中接入上述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置；当所述光伏并网***中的各所述 DC/AC 逆变器工作后，控制断开各所述分控开关、闭合所述总控开关，调节所述隔离电压源的输出电压，使所述隔离电压源的输出电压先大于所述光伏并网***中的直流母线的中点对直流母线负极的电压最大值，再等于所述光伏并网***中的直流母线的中点对直流母线负极的电压最大值；当所述光伏并网***中的各所述 DC/AC 逆变器停止工作后，控制闭合各所述分控开关、断开所述总控开关，调节所述隔离电压源的输出电压大于 0 。 The invention also provides a control method with both PID effect suppression and repair function, which is applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the combination method The control method of the PID effect suppression and repair function is: accessing the above-mentioned control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function in the photovoltaic grid-connected system; when the DC/AC in the photovoltaic grid-connected system After the inverter is operated, the control disconnects each of the sub-control switches, closes the main control switch, and adjusts an output voltage of the isolated voltage source, so that an output voltage of the isolated voltage source is greater than the photovoltaic grid-connected system. The maximum value of the voltage of the midpoint of the DC bus in the DC busbar negative pole is equal to the maximum value of the midpoint of the DC busbar in the photovoltaic grid-connected system to the negative pole of the DC busbar; when each of the photovoltaic grid-connected systems Said After the DC/AC inverter stops working, the control closes each of the sub-control switches, turns off the main control switch, and adjusts the output voltage of the isolated voltage source to be greater than 0.
优选的，通过控制器远程控制所述分控开关和所述总控开关的闭合和断开。 Preferably, the closing and opening of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are remotely controlled by a controller.
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置及控制方法能够同时解决夜间反压方案成本偏高与触电风险大的问题，以及交流中性点抬升所带来的触电风险，能够较好地解决光伏并网***中对 PID 效应的抑制和修复问题，具有较好的应用前景。 Due to the application of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the present invention has both PID The control device and the control method for the effect suppression and repair function can simultaneously solve the problem of high cost and high electric shock risk of the nighttime anti-pressure scheme, and the electric shock risk caused by the exchange of the neutral point, and can better solve the photovoltaic grid-connected system. Right The suppression and repair of the PID effect has a good application prospect.
附图说明 DRAWINGS
附图 1 为应用本发明的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置的光伏并网***示意图。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected system using a control device having both PID effect suppression and repair functions of the present invention.
附图 2 为应用本发明的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置的光伏并网***示意图。 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected system using a control device having both PID effect suppression and repair functions of the present invention.
附图 3 为光伏并网***中漏电流示意图。 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of leakage current in a photovoltaic grid-connected system.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。 The invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the drawings.
参见附图 1 所示，光伏并网***包括若干路（ Y 路）并联的光伏发电逆变***和变压器。各路光伏发电逆变***据有相同的结构，每路光伏发电逆变***均包括光伏电池板 PV 、 DC/DC 变换器、直流母线和 DC/AC 逆变器。光伏电池板 PV 具有两个输出端--输出正极 Pv+ 和输出负极 Pv- ， DC/DC 变换器的输入端与光伏电池板 PV 的两个输出端相连接，且 DC/DC 变换器也具有两路输出端。直流母线与 DC/DC 变换器的输出端相连接，即连接于 DC/DC 变换器的两路输出端之间，从而分别构成了直流母线正极 Bus+ 和直流母线负极 Bus- 。直流母线上串接有两个电容，两个电容的中点构成直流母线的中点 Mid 。 DC/AC 逆变器的两个输入端与直流母线相连接，即分别连接直流母线正极 Bus+ 和直流母线负极 Bus- 。变压器的输入侧与各路光伏发电逆变***相连接，即各路光伏发电逆变***中的 DC/AC 逆变器的三相输出并接后接入变压器的输入侧。变压器输入侧包括采用星形接法的三相线圈组，从而线圈组的公共接点构成变压器的中性点 N 。变压器的输出侧连接至电网。 Referring to Figure 1, the photovoltaic grid-connected system includes several roads (Y Road) Parallel photovoltaic power generation inverter system and transformer. Each photovoltaic power generation inverter system has the same structure, and each photovoltaic power generation inverter system includes a photovoltaic panel PV, a DC/DC converter, a DC bus, and DC/AC inverter. PV panel PV has two outputs - output positive Pv+ and output negative Pv- , input of DC/DC converter and photovoltaic panel PV The two outputs are connected and the DC/DC converter also has two outputs. The DC bus is connected to the output of the DC/DC converter, ie connected to the DC/DC Between the two output terminals of the converter, the DC bus positive bus + and the DC bus negative bus - are respectively formed. There are two capacitors connected in series on the DC bus. The midpoint of the two capacitors forms the midpoint of the DC bus. Mid . The two inputs of the DC/AC inverter are connected to the DC bus, ie the DC bus positive bus+ and the DC bus negative bus Bus- are connected respectively. . The input side of the transformer is connected to each photovoltaic power generation inverter system, that is, the DC/AC in each photovoltaic power generation inverter system The three-phase output of the inverter is connected to the input side of the transformer. The input side of the transformer includes a three-phase coil set using a star connection, so that the common contact of the coil group constitutes the neutral point of the transformer. . The output side of the transformer is connected to the grid.
一种应用于上述光伏并网***中的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，包括若干个分控开关 S1~Sy 、一个总控开关 Sn 和隔离电压源。总控开关 Sn 的一端与变压器的中性点 N 相连接，另一端与隔离电压源的正输出端相连接。而隔离电压源的负输出端则连接保护地 PE 。分控开关 S1~Sy 的数量与该光伏并网***中所包含的光伏发电逆变***的数量相同，且分控开关 S1~Sy 与各路光伏发电逆变***一一对应。每个分控开关 S1~Sy 的一端分别经二极管 D1~Dy 而与其所对应的光伏发电逆变***中的光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 相连接，另一端与隔离电压源的正输出端相连接。隔离电压源的输出电压可调节。 A control device applied to the above-mentioned photovoltaic grid-connected system with both PID effect suppression and repair functions, including several sub-control switches S1~Sy , a master control switch Sn and an isolated voltage source. One end of the main control switch Sn is connected to the neutral point N of the transformer, and the other end is connected to the positive output terminal of the isolated voltage source. The negative output of the isolated voltage source is connected to the protective ground. PE. The number of sub-control switches S1~Sy is the same as the number of photovoltaic power generation inverter systems included in the photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the sub-control switches S1~Sy are in one-to-one correspondence with the respective photovoltaic power generation inverter systems. Each sub-control switch One end of S1~Sy passes through diodes D1~Dy and corresponds to the output negative pole of photovoltaic panel PV in photovoltaic power generation inverter system Pv- Connected to the other end and connected to the positive output of the isolated voltage source. The output voltage of the isolated voltage source is adjustable.
基于上述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置的控制方法为：首先在光伏并网***中接入上述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，然后按照各 DC/AC 逆变器的工作状态控制各分控开关 S1~Sy 和总控开关 Sn 的断开或闭合状态。具体为： The control method based on the above-mentioned control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function is: firstly, the above-mentioned PID is connected in the photovoltaic grid-connected system. The control device for the effect suppression and repair function then controls the open or closed state of each of the sub-control switches S1~Sy and the main control switch Sn according to the operating state of each DC/AC inverter. Specifically:
1 、白天时， DC/AC 逆变器工作，向电网输送能量。（ 1 ） DC/AC 逆变器工作后，因为三相三线制逆变器工作原理，变压器的中性点 N 的电压和 DC/AC 逆变器内部的直流母线中点电压相同，此时控制断开各分控开关 S1~Sy 、闭合总控开关 Sn ，隔离电压源所输出的电压加在变压器的中性点 N 到保护地 PE 之间。调节隔离电压源的输出电压，使隔离电压源的输出电压大于光伏并网***中的直流母线的中点 Mid 对直流母线负极 Bus- 的电压最大值。例如对于 1000V 光伏并网***，其直流母线的最高电压为 1000V ，因此直流母线的中点 Mid 对直流母线负极 Bus- 的电压最高为 500V ，即 Umidbus- ≤ 500V ，则调节隔离电压源的输出电压大于 500V ；（ 2 ）再调节隔离电压源的输出电压，使隔离电压源的输出电压等于光伏并网***中的直流母线的中点 Mid 对直流母线负极 Bus- 的电压最大值，即等于 500V ，此时变压器的中性点 N 对地电压为 500V ，即 Unpe=500V ；（ 3 ）因为变压器的中性点 N 电位和直流母线的中点 Mid 电位相同，则直流母线的中点 Mid 对地电压为 500V ，即 Umidpe=500V ；（ 4 ）因为 Umidbus- ≤ 500V ，而 Umidpe=500V ，则直流母线负极 Bus- 到保护地 PE 之间电压大于或等于 0 ，即 Ubus-pe ≥ 0 ；（ 5 ）因 DC/AC 逆变器内部直流母线的负极和输入的光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 直接相连接，即 Upv-=Ubus- ，因此光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 对保护地 PE 之间的电压大于或等于 0 ，即 Upv-pe ≥ 0 。光伏电池板 PV 的负输出端对地正压，即实现了 PID 抑制功能。 1. During the day, the DC/AC inverter works to deliver energy to the grid. (1) DC/AC After the inverter works, because of the working principle of the three-phase three-wire inverter, the voltage of the neutral point N of the transformer is the same as the midpoint voltage of the DC bus inside the DC/AC inverter. At this time, the control switches off the sub-control switches. S1~Sy Close the main control switch Sn, the voltage output from the isolated voltage source is applied to the neutral point of the transformer N to the protective ground PE Between. Adjust the output voltage of the isolated voltage source so that the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is greater than the maximum value of the midpoint Mid of the DC bus in the PV grid-connected system to the DC bus negative Bus-. For example, 1000V In the photovoltaic grid-connected system, the maximum voltage of the DC bus is 1000V, so the midpoint of the DC bus to the DC bus negative Bus- is up to 500V, ie Umidbus- ≤ 500V, the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is adjusted to be greater than 500V; (2) the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is adjusted so that the output voltage of the isolated voltage source is equal to the midpoint of the DC bus in the photovoltaic grid-connected system. Mid The maximum voltage of the DC bus negative bus Bus- is equal to 500V. At this time, the neutral point of the transformer N is 500V, that is, Unpe=500V; (3) ) Because the neutral point N potential of the transformer is the same as the midpoint Mid potential of the DC bus, the midpoint of the DC bus mid to ground voltage is 500V, ie Umidpe=500V; (4) ) Because Umidbus- ≤ 500V and Umidpe=500V, the voltage between the DC bus negative Bus- to the protective ground PE is greater than or equal to 0, ie Ubus-pe ≥ 0 ; ( 5 ) Because the negative pole of the DC bus of the DC/AC inverter and the input negative pole of the input PV panel PV Pv- are directly connected, ie Upv-=Ubus- Therefore, the voltage between the output negative pole Pv- of the PV panel PV and the protective ground PE is greater than or equal to 0, that is, Upv-pe ≥ 0. Photovoltaic panels PV The negative output is positively pressed to ground, which implements the PID suppression function.
此外，该兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括限流电阻 R ，该限流电阻 R 连接于隔离电压源的负输出端与保护地 PE 之间。在隔离电压源工作后，因光伏电池板 PV 的寄生电容的影响，会有漏电流通过 DC/AC 逆变器和大地，如附图 3 所示，会增加人员触电风险，因此而增设上述限流电阻 R 。限流电阻 R 的阻值根据隔离电压源所输出的电压值和安规要求值而确定，典型值可取 100k ，在 500V 电压的情况下，能够限制电流在 5mA 以下，保证人员安全。通知，为了防止在限流电阻 R 失效情况下人员误触电无法保护，该兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还增设电流传感器 CT 来检测流过的电流，该电流传感器 CT 与隔离电阻相串联。当电流传感器 CT 检测到流过的电流大于安全值时，则断开隔离电压源的输出和总控开关 Sn ，切断漏电流路径，保障人员安全。更进一步的，该兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括熔丝 Fuse ，熔丝 Fuse 与限流电阻 R 相串联而作为冗余保护措置，当限流电阻 R 和电流传感器 CT 都失效的情况下，电流过大时熔丝 Fuse 熔断，保护人员安全。 In addition, the control device having the PID effect suppression and repair function further includes a current limiting resistor R, and the current limiting resistor R Connected between the negative output of the isolated voltage source and the protective ground PE. After the isolated voltage source is operated, due to the parasitic capacitance of the photovoltaic panel PV, there will be leakage current through the DC/AC inverter and the ground, as shown in Figure 3. As shown, it increases the risk of electric shock, so the above current limiting resistor R is added. The value of the current limiting resistor R is determined according to the voltage value and the safety requirement value of the isolated voltage source. The typical value is 100k. In the case of 500V voltage, the current can be limited to 5mA or less to ensure personnel safety. In order to prevent the accidental electric shock from being able to protect under the condition of the current limiting resistor R failure, the PID is also The control device for the effect suppression and repair function also adds a current sensor CT to detect the current flowing, and the current sensor CT is connected in series with the isolation resistor. When current sensor CT When it is detected that the current flowing through is greater than the safe value, the output of the isolated voltage source and the main control switch Sn are disconnected, and the leakage current path is cut off to ensure personnel safety. Further, the combination of PID The control device for the effect suppression and repair function also includes a fuse Fuse, which is connected in series with the current limiting resistor R as a redundancy protection device, when the current limiting resistor R and the current sensor CT In the event of failure, the fuse Fuse is blown when the current is too high, protecting personnel.
2 、夜间时，光伏电池板 PV 没有电， DC/AC 逆变器停止工作。①此时控制闭合各分控开关 S1~Sy 、断开总控开关 Sn ，则所有光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 都接到了隔离电压源的正输出端；②因光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 接隔离电压源的正输出端，光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 对地电压等于隔离电压源的输出电压，即 Upv-pe=U ；③调节隔离电压源的输出电压 U 使其大于 0 ，该输出电压 U 可以根据光伏电池板 PV 发生 PID 的程度不同而调节；④此时所有的光伏电池板 PV 的输出负极 Pv- 对地电压都等于隔离电压源的输出电压，即 Upv-pe=U ＞ 0 ，即实现夜间反压功能，对于那些已经发生 PID 效应的光伏电池板 PV 可以起到修复作用。此时，只需要有一台控制装置即可实现所有 DC/AC 逆变器的夜间反压功能。并且前述的限流电阻 R 、电流传感器 CT 和熔丝 Fuse 可以很好地起到漏电保护作用，有效降低人员误触电风险。因此，相比于现有的一台逆变器配一台修复设备的方案，本方案的成本更低，安全性和可靠性都大为提高。 2. At night, the PV panel PV has no electricity and the DC/AC inverter stops working. 1 At this time, control and close each sub-control switch S1~Sy When the total control switch Sn is disconnected, the output negative pole Pv- of all photovoltaic panels PV is connected to the positive output terminal of the isolated voltage source; 2 due to the output negative pole of the photovoltaic panel PV Pv- Connected to the positive output of the isolated voltage source, the PV cell PV output negative Pv- to ground voltage is equal to the output voltage of the isolated voltage source, ie Upv-pe=U; 3 adjust the output voltage of the isolated voltage source U If it is greater than 0, the output voltage U can be adjusted according to the degree of PID generation of the PV panel PV; 4 at this time, all PV panels PV output cathode Pv- The ground voltage is equal to the output voltage of the isolated voltage source, that is, Upv-pe=U > 0, which realizes the nighttime back pressure function, for those PV panels that have already had a PID effect. Can play a repairing role. At this point, only one control unit is required to implement the nighttime backpressure function of all DC/AC inverters. And the aforementioned current limiting resistor R, current sensor CT and fuse Fuse It can play a good role in leakage protection and effectively reduce the risk of accidental electric shock. Therefore, compared with the existing one inverter with one repairing device, the cost of the solution is lower, and the safety and reliability are greatly improved.
当光伏并网***中的变压器输入侧未采用星形接法时，可以通过向变压器输入侧接入星形接法的电容组而造出一个虚拟的变压器的中性点 N ，即将星形接法的电容组的公共接点构成虚拟的变压器的中性点 N ，如附图 2 所示。此时，通过抬升虚拟的变压器的中性点 N 的电压，可以起到和附图 1 所示的星形接法变压器相同的 PID 抑制和修复效果。 When the star input method is not used on the input side of the transformer in the photovoltaic grid-connected system, the neutral point of a virtual transformer can be created by connecting the star-connected capacitor group to the input side of the transformer. That is, the common junction of the star-connected capacitor group constitutes the neutral point N of the virtual transformer, as shown in FIG. At this point, by raising the voltage of the neutral point N of the virtual transformer, it can be played with Figure 1 The star-connected transformer shown has the same PID suppression and repair effects.
上述方案中，各分控开关 S1~Sy 和总控开关 Sn 可以采用远程通信控制开关，各分控开关 S1~Sy 和总控开关 Sn 均连接至远程控制其断开或闭合的控制器，从而通过控制器来远程控制分控开关 S1~Sy 和总控开关 Sn 的闭合和断开。此时，还可以将电流传感器 CT 检测到的电流信号反馈至控制器、将隔离电压源连接至控制器，使得在电流过大时控制器能够及时控制断开总控开关 Sn 并断开隔离电压源的输出。 In the above solution, each sub-control switch S1~Sy and the main control switch Sn can adopt a remote communication control switch, and each sub-control switch S1~Sy And the main control switch Sn is connected to a controller that remotely controls its opening or closing, thereby remotely controlling the closing and opening of the sub-control switches S1~Sy and the main control switch Sn through the controller. At this time, the current sensor can also be The current signal detected by the CT is fed back to the controller, and the isolated voltage source is connected to the controller, so that when the current is too large, the controller can control the main control switch Sn and disconnect the output of the isolated voltage source in time.
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and the features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent variations or modifications made in accordance with the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，应用于光伏并网***中，所述光伏并网***包括若干路光伏发电逆变***以及输入侧与各路所述光伏发电逆变***相连接的变压器，所述变压器的输出侧与电网相连接，每路所述光伏发电***均包括光伏电池板、与所述光伏电池板相连接的 DC/DC 变换器、与所述 DC/DC 变换器相连接的直流母线、与所述直流母线相连接的 DC/AC 逆变器，其特征在于：所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置包括若干个与各路所述光伏发电逆变***一一对应的分控开关、一个总控开关、输出电压可调的隔离电压源，所述总控开关的一端与所述变压器的中性点相连接，所述总控开关的另一端与所述隔离电压源的正输出端相连接，所述隔离电压源的负输出端连接保护地，各所述分控开关的一端与其所对应的所述光伏发电逆变***中的光伏电池板的输出负极相连接，各所述分控开关的另一端与所述隔离电压源的正输出端相连接。One type of PID The control device for the effect suppression and repair function is applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected system, the photovoltaic grid-connected system includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation inverter systems, and a transformer connected to the photovoltaic power generation inverter system on the input side and the input side. The output side of the transformer is connected to the grid, and each of the photovoltaic power generation systems includes a photovoltaic panel connected to the photovoltaic panel. a DC/DC converter, a DC bus connected to the DC/DC converter, and a DC/AC inverter connected to the DC bus, wherein the PID is The control device for the effect suppression and repair function comprises a plurality of sub-control switches corresponding to each of the photovoltaic power generation inverter systems, a total control switch, an output voltage adjustable isolation voltage source, and one end of the main control switch Connected to a neutral point of the transformer, the other end of the main control switch is connected to a positive output end of the isolated voltage source, and a negative output end of the isolated voltage source is connected to a protection ground, and each of the sub-controls One end of the switch is connected to the output negative pole of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic power generation inverter system, and the other end of each of the sub-control switches is connected to the positive output end of the isolated voltage source.
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，其特征在于：所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括连接于所述隔离电压源的负输出端与所述保护地之间的限流电阻。The control device with the PID effect suppression and repair function according to claim 1, wherein the PID is both The control device for the effect suppression and repair function further includes a current limiting resistor connected between the negative output terminal of the isolated voltage source and the protection ground.
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，其特征在于：所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括与所述隔离电阻相串联的电流传感器。The control device with the PID effect suppression and repair function according to claim 2, wherein the PID is both The control device for the effect suppression and repair function further includes a current sensor in series with the isolation resistor.
  4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，其特征在于：所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置还包括与所述限流电阻相串联的熔丝。The control device with the PID effect suppression and repair function according to claim 3, wherein the PID is both The control device for the effect suppression and repair function further includes a fuse in series with the current limiting resistor.
  5. 根据权利要求 1 至 4 中任一项所述的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置，其特征在于：各所述分控开关和所述总控开关均为远程通信控制开关，各所述分控开关和所述总控开关均连接至远程控制其断开或闭合的控制器。A PID according to any one of claims 1 to 4 The control device for the effect suppression and repair function is characterized in that each of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are remote communication control switches, and each of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are connected to remote control A controller that is open or closed.
  6. 一种兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制方法，应用于光伏并网***中，其特征在于：所述兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制方法为：在所述光伏并网***中接入如权利要求 1 至 5 中任一项所述的兼具 PID 效应抑制及修复功能的控制装置；当所述光伏并网***中的各所述 DC/AC 逆变器工作后，控制断开各所述分控开关、闭合所述总控开关，调节所述隔离电压源的输出电压，使所述隔离电压源的输出电压先大于所述光伏并网***中的直流母线的中点对直流母线负极的电压最大值，再等于所述光伏并网***中的直流母线的中点对直流母线负极的电压最大值；当所述光伏并网***中的各所述 DC/AC 逆变器停止工作后，控制闭合各所述分控开关、断开所述总控开关，调节所述隔离电压源的输出电压大于 0 。A control method with both PID effect suppression and repair function is applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the feature is that the PID is both The control method of the effect suppression and repair function is: accessing the PID according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the photovoltaic grid-connected system Control device for effect suppression and repair function; each of said DC/AC in said photovoltaic grid-connected system After the inverter is operated, the control disconnects each of the sub-control switches, closes the main control switch, and adjusts an output voltage of the isolated voltage source, so that an output voltage of the isolated voltage source is greater than the photovoltaic grid-connected system. The maximum value of the voltage of the midpoint of the DC bus in the DC busbar negative pole is equal to the maximum value of the midpoint of the DC busbar in the photovoltaic grid-connected system to the negative pole of the DC busbar; when each of the photovoltaic grid-connected systems Said After the DC/AC inverter stops working, the control closes each of the sub-control switches, turns off the main control switch, and adjusts the output voltage of the isolated voltage source to be greater than 0.
  7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的兼具PID效应抑制及修复功能的控制方法，其特征在于：通过控制器远程控制所述分控开关和所述总控开关的闭合和断开。According to claim 6 The control method with the PID effect suppression and repair function is characterized in that the closing and opening of the sub-control switch and the main control switch are remotely controlled by a controller.
PCT/CN2018/080348 2017-03-24 2018-03-23 Control device and control method having both pid effect suppression and reparation functions WO2018171765A1 (en)

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