WO2018167333A1 - Method and system for purifying wastewater in a reactor - Google Patents
Method and system for purifying wastewater in a reactor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018167333A1 WO2018167333A1 PCT/ES2017/070160 ES2017070160W WO2018167333A1 WO 2018167333 A1 WO2018167333 A1 WO 2018167333A1 ES 2017070160 W ES2017070160 W ES 2017070160W WO 2018167333 A1 WO2018167333 A1 WO 2018167333A1
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- wastewater
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
Definitions
- the field of the present invention is the treatment of wastewater such as urban wastewater, industrial effluents, vegetable waste, etc., in which oxidation of organic matter or any biodegradable waste occurs.
- the present invention relates to a method and system of wastewater purification in which the biological matter present in the wastewater is anaerobically oxidized by microorganisms.
- the present invention provides a wastewater purification process in a reactor, wherein said process comprises:
- said electrons are transferred into an electron trap consisting of an open and hollow container of a conductive material, wherein said container comprises microperforations and said electron trap houses a solution comprising oxidants, said solution being isolated from wastewater and microorganisms, and
- step (b) The electrons produced in step (b) are transferred to the oxidants inside the electron trap, so that microbial clearance is stimulated.
- the technical effect of the process of the first aspect of the invention is to avoid the limitation of electron acceptors that occur in anaerobic oxidations.
- electrons that circulate through the wastewater are mobilized and consumed inside the electron trap.
- the oxidizing compound does not come into direct contact with the purifying microorganisms of the conductive biofilter and the anaerobic nature of the oxidation of biological material is preserved.
- step (c) the outer surface of the electron trap accepts the electrons generated in the microbial metabolism and conducts them into the trap where they are consumed by an oxidizing species.
- the electron trap houses and isolates the final acceptor of those negative electrical charges or electrons produced in redox microbial reactions in wastewater.
- oxidation reactions of the oxidizable matter namely organic matter or any biodegradable waste such as urban wastewater, industrial effluents, agricultural or livestock activity residues, etc., in the absence of oxygen, they generate electrons that are transferred into the electron trap.
- the process of the first aspect of the invention provides a greater capacity for purification of wastewater by stimulating biological oxidation reactions and minimizes sludge production. Therefore, the procedure has improved performance.
- An important parameter to determine the capacity of wastewater treatment is the numerical value of the redox potential of the molecule present in the electron trap, that is, the greater the potential, the greater the ability to accept electrons, the electron trap has, and therefore The wastewater treatment procedure has a greater capacity for wastewater treatment.
- Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said conductive material is carbon fiber or graphite.
- said conductive material is an inert, oxidation resistant conductive material.
- the electron trap comprises microperforations, which may or may not be covered by membranes that exhibit ionic permeability. Therefore, another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said microperforations are covered by an ionic membrane.
- oxidants are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, quinones, hypochlorite and nitrate.
- Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said oxidant is supplied inside the electron trap.
- Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said oxidant is electrochemically generated.
- the oxidant can be electrochemically generated, for example, electrochemical production of oxygen peroxide from oxygen, and hypochlorite production from chloride.
- said reactor comprises a bed of electrical conductive material.
- said electrical conductive material is selected from the group consisting of graffiti type material, coal coke, petroleum coke and pyrolized vegetable residue.
- the bed of electrical conductive material acts as antennas of the electrons generated in the oxidation of biological matter to lead them into the electron trap.
- the present invention provides a wastewater purification system in a reactor through which a flow of wastewater comprising biological matter circulates and where the biological matter is oxidized anaerobically by microorganisms, wherein said system comprises a trap of electrons consisting of an open and hollow container of a conductive material, wherein said container comprises microperforations and said electron trap houses a solution comprising oxidants, said solution being isolated from wastewater and microorganisms.
- said conductive material is carbon fiber or graphite.
- said conductive material is an inert, oxidation resistant conductive material.
- Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein said microperforations are covered by an ionic membrane.
- oxidants are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, quinones, hypochlorite and nitrate.
- Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said oxidant is supplied inside the electron trap.
- Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said oxidant is generated electrochemically.
- said electron trap comprises ionic membranes.
- said reactor comprises a bed of electrical conductive material.
- said electrical conductive material is selected from the group consisting of graffiti type material, coal coke, petroleum coke and pyrolized plant residues.
- FIG. 1 Scheme representing a wastewater purification system according to the present invention.
- the system comprises a carbon fiber electron trap that houses a solution of KCI and 0 2 , and a bed of graphite particles.
- Wastewater contains acetate and Geobacter cells.
- FIG. 1 Scheme depicting a wastewater purification system according to the present invention.
- the system comprises an electron trap that contains ionic membranes. The protons cross the ion exchange membranes, allowing ionic exchange between the wastewater and the oxidizing solution of the electron trap.
- Figure 3. Scheme depicting a wastewater treatment system according to the present invention.
- the system comprises four electron traps in which the oxidant is 0 2 .
- FIG. 4 Scheme representing a wastewater purification system according to the present invention.
- the system comprises an electron trap that contains ionic membranes. Clean aerated water, which contains oxygen, flows through the electron trap.
- FIG. 5 Scheme representing a wastewater purification system according to the present invention.
- the system comprises an electron trap in which the hypochlorite oxidant is generated by electrochemical oxidation of chloride. This hypochlorite is reduced, transforming back into chloride, by reacting on the inner wall of the trap with electrons from the anaerobic oxidation of the biological matter present in the wastewater.
- Figure 6. Experimental results obtained with wastewater purification systems according to the present invention.
- the rhombuses represent the results obtained with a purification system with an electron trap with ionic membranes that allow the passage of protons, with anaerobic oxidation by cells of the Geobacter electroactive bacterium.
- the squares represent the results obtained with a purification system with an electron trap without ionic membranes for the passage of protons, with anaerobic oxidation by cells of the Geobacter electroactive bacterium.
- the triangles represent the results obtained with a purification system with an electron trap without ionic membranes for the passage of protons and without oxidation by cells of the Geobacter electroactive bacterium.
- FIG. 7 Experimental results obtained with wastewater purification systems according to the present invention. The depurative efficiency is represented. Different beds have been used: conductive bed without electron trap, conductive bed with electron trap using oxygen as oxidant and conductive bed with electron trap using hypochlorite (bleach) as oxidant. COD means Chemical Oxygen Demand and HRT means Hydraulic Retention Time.
- Figure 8 Shows the effect of wastewater treatment systems according to the present invention on the residual concentration of the contaminant.
- the two bars on the right show the residual concentration of acetate in treated wastewater using an electron trap in a bed of conductive carbonaceous material (with and without aeration).
- the left bar shows the concentration of acetate in the wastewater before entering the purification system.
- Example 1 Water purification with different systems comprising electron traps.
- the systems had a conductive carbonaceous material as a bed.
- Electron traps were incorporated into the beds that operated under three different conditions:
- the system acted as a control, only the consistent clearance of the properties of the conductive material of the bed and the inoculated microorganisms was detected.
- the system acted as a conductive biofilter (conductive carbonaceous material).
- Electron traps filled with water.
- the electron traps acted as an electron sink, since the oxygen present in the water inside the traps can accept the electrons produced in the oxidation reactions of the organic matter in a more efficient way; physically in the present invention, the distance between the protons generated in the bed (product of metabolism) and oxygen (both react with electrons to generate water) is minimized, unlike what happens in conductive biofilters, in which The produced electrons have to cross the entire bed to the surface to find the oxygen that would act as the last electron acceptor. Inside these electron traps, protons must also reach through the cation exchange membrane, to participate in the reaction between oxygen and electrons and finally produce water as the only product.
- Electron traps with sodium hypochlorite the basis of this condition is the same as in the previous case, although the electron acceptor molecule would be hypochlorite instead of oxygen, and as its redox potential is greater, the efficiency with which Accepts electrons too, producing an increase in the degradation rate of pollutants.
- Figure 7 shows the purification efficiency results obtained in these three systems.
- FIG. 8 Electron traps filled with water gassed with air, in order to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen inside.
- Figure 8 shows the residual acetate concentration in treated wastewater. It was observed that the residual acetate concentration is lower using electron traps filled with water and saturated in oxygen by artificial air bubbling.
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for purifying wastewater in a reactor, which comprises circulating a flow of wastewater through a reactor; and anaerobically oxidising biological matter by means of microorganisms, wherein the electrons are transferred inside an electron trap consisting of an open hollow container made of conductive material and the electrons reduce the oxidants located in the electron trap. The invention also relates to a system for purifying wastewater in a reactor, which comprises an electronic trap.
Description
PROCEDIMIENTO Y SISTEMA DE DEPURACION DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER DEPURATION IN
UN REACTOR DESCRIPCIÓN A REACTOR DESCRIPTION
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
El campo de la presente invención es el tratamiento de aguas residuales tal como aguas residuales urbanas, efluentes industriales, residuos vegetales, etc., en las que se produce oxidación de materia orgánica o cualquier desecho biodegradable. En concreto, la presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento y sistema de depuración de aguas residuales en el que la materia biológica presente en las aguas residuales es oxidada anaeróbicamente por microorganismos. The field of the present invention is the treatment of wastewater such as urban wastewater, industrial effluents, vegetable waste, etc., in which oxidation of organic matter or any biodegradable waste occurs. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method and system of wastewater purification in which the biological matter present in the wastewater is anaerobically oxidized by microorganisms.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En el estado de la técnica se han descrito procedimientos de depuración de aguas residuales en los que la materia biológica presente en las aguas residuales es oxidada de forma anaerobia por microorganismos y los electrones generados en dicho metabolismo celular son transferidos a aceptores de electrones presentes en el agua. In the prior art, wastewater purification procedures have been described in which the biological matter present in the wastewater is anaerobically oxidized by microorganisms and the electrons generated in said cellular metabolism are transferred to electron acceptors present in the Water.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN En un primer aspecto, la presente invención proporciona un procedimiento de depuración de aguas residuales en un reactor, en el que dicho procedimiento comprende: DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect, the present invention provides a wastewater purification process in a reactor, wherein said process comprises:
(a) circular un flujo de aguas residuales que comprenden materia biológica por dicho reactor, (a) circulating a flow of wastewater comprising biological matter through said reactor,
(b) oxidar anaeróbicamente la materia biológica por microorganismos, donde en dicha oxidación se producen electrones, donde (b) anaerobically oxidize the biological matter by microorganisms, where in said oxidation electrons are produced, where
(c) dichos electrones se transfieren al interior de una trampa de electrones que consiste en un contenedor abierto y hueco de un material conductor, donde dicho contenedor comprende microperforaciones y dicha trampa de electrones alberga una
solución que comprende oxidantes, estando dicha solución aislada de las aguas residuales y de los microorganismos, y (c) said electrons are transferred into an electron trap consisting of an open and hollow container of a conductive material, wherein said container comprises microperforations and said electron trap houses a solution comprising oxidants, said solution being isolated from wastewater and microorganisms, and
(d) dichos electrones reducen los oxidantes ubicados dentro de la trampa de electrones. (d) said electrons reduce the oxidants located within the electron trap.
Los electrones producidos en la etapa (b) son transferidos a los oxidantes del interior de la trampa de electrones, de forma que se estimula la depuración microbiana. The electrons produced in step (b) are transferred to the oxidants inside the electron trap, so that microbial clearance is stimulated.
El efecto técnico del procedimiento del primer aspecto de la invención es evitar la limitación de aceptores de electrones que ocurren en oxidaciones anaerobias. Con el procedimiento del primer aspecto de la invención se movilizan los electrones que circulan por las aguas residuales y se consumen en el interior de la trampa de electrones. El compuesto oxidante no entra en contacto directo con los microorganismos depuradores del biofiltro conductor y se preserva el carácter anaerobio de la oxidación de material biológico. The technical effect of the process of the first aspect of the invention is to avoid the limitation of electron acceptors that occur in anaerobic oxidations. With the procedure of the first aspect of the invention, electrons that circulate through the wastewater are mobilized and consumed inside the electron trap. The oxidizing compound does not come into direct contact with the purifying microorganisms of the conductive biofilter and the anaerobic nature of the oxidation of biological material is preserved.
En la etapa (c), la superficie externa de la trampa de electrones acepta los electrones generados en el metabolismo microbiano y los conduce dentro de la trampa donde son consumidos por una especie oxidante. In step (c), the outer surface of the electron trap accepts the electrons generated in the microbial metabolism and conducts them into the trap where they are consumed by an oxidizing species.
La trampa de electrones alberga y aisla el aceptor final de aquellas cargas eléctricas negativas o electrones producidos en reacciones microbianas redox en las aguas residuales. En el procedimiento del primer aspecto de la invención, las reacciones de oxidación de la materia oxidable, a saber, materia orgánica o cualquier desecho biodegradable tal como aguas residuales urbanas, efluentes industriales, residuos de actividades agrícolas o ganaderas, etc., en ausencia de oxígeno, generan electrones que son transferidos dentro de la trampa de electrones. The electron trap houses and isolates the final acceptor of those negative electrical charges or electrons produced in redox microbial reactions in wastewater. In the process of the first aspect of the invention, oxidation reactions of the oxidizable matter, namely organic matter or any biodegradable waste such as urban wastewater, industrial effluents, agricultural or livestock activity residues, etc., in the absence of oxygen, they generate electrons that are transferred into the electron trap.
El procedimiento del primer aspecto de la invención proporciona una mayor capacidad de depuración de aguas residuales mediante la estimulación de las reacciones biológicas de oxidación y minimiza la producción de lodos. Por lo tanto, el procedimiento presenta un rendimiento mejorado.
Un parámetro importante para determinar la capacidad de tratamiento de aguas residuales es el valor numérico del potencial redox de la molécula presente en la trampa de electrones, es decir, a mayor potencial mayor capacidad de aceptar electrones tiene la trampa de electrones y, por tanto, el procedimiento de depuración de aguas residuales presenta una mayor capacidad de tratamiento de aguas residuales. The process of the first aspect of the invention provides a greater capacity for purification of wastewater by stimulating biological oxidation reactions and minimizes sludge production. Therefore, the procedure has improved performance. An important parameter to determine the capacity of wastewater treatment is the numerical value of the redox potential of the molecule present in the electron trap, that is, the greater the potential, the greater the ability to accept electrons, the electron trap has, and therefore The wastewater treatment procedure has a greater capacity for wastewater treatment.
Otro aspecto es el procedimiento según el primer aspecto de la presente invención, donde dicho material conductor es fibra de carbono o grafito. De forma particular, dicho material conductor es un material conductor inerte, resistente a la oxidación. Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said conductive material is carbon fiber or graphite. In particular, said conductive material is an inert, oxidation resistant conductive material.
La trampa de electrones comprende microperforaciones, que pueden estar cubiertas o no por membranas que exhiban permeabilidad iónica. Por tanto, otro aspecto es el procedimiento según el primer aspecto de la presente invención, donde dichas microperforaciones están cubiertas por una membrana iónica. The electron trap comprises microperforations, which may or may not be covered by membranes that exhibit ionic permeability. Therefore, another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said microperforations are covered by an ionic membrane.
Otro aspecto es el procedimiento según el primer aspecto de la presente invención, donde dichos oxidantes están seleccionados del grupo compuesto por oxígeno, peróxido de hidrógeno, quinonas, hipoclorito y nitrato. Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said oxidants are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, quinones, hypochlorite and nitrate.
Otro aspecto es el procedimiento según el primer aspecto de la presente invención, donde dicho oxidante es suministrado al interior de la trampa de electrones. Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said oxidant is supplied inside the electron trap.
Otro aspecto es el procedimiento según el primer aspecto de la presente invención, donde dicho oxidante es generado electroquímicamente. Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said oxidant is electrochemically generated.
El oxidante puede ser generado electroquímicamente, por ejemplo, producción electroquímica de peróxido de oxígeno a partir de oxígeno, y producción de hipoclorito a partir de cloruro. The oxidant can be electrochemically generated, for example, electrochemical production of oxygen peroxide from oxygen, and hypochlorite production from chloride.
Otro aspecto es el procedimiento según el primer aspecto de la presente invención, donde dicho reactor comprende un lecho de material conductor eléctrico. De forma particular, dicho material conductor eléctrico está seleccionado del grupo compuesto por material de tipo grafitico, coque de hulla, coque de petróleo y residuo vegetal pirolizado.
El lecho de material conductor eléctrico actúa como antenas de los electrones generados en la oxidación de materia biológica para conducirlos al interior de la trampa de electrones. Another aspect is the process according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein said reactor comprises a bed of electrical conductive material. In particular, said electrical conductive material is selected from the group consisting of graffiti type material, coal coke, petroleum coke and pyrolized vegetable residue. The bed of electrical conductive material acts as antennas of the electrons generated in the oxidation of biological matter to lead them into the electron trap.
En un segundo aspecto, la presente invención proporciona un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales en un reactor por el que circula un flujo de aguas residuales que comprenden materia biológica y donde la materia biológica es oxidada anaeróbicamente por microorganismos, donde dicho sistema comprende una trampa de electrones que consiste en un contenedor abierto y hueco de un material conductor, donde dicho contenedor comprende microperforaciones y dicha trampa de electrones alberga una solución que comprende oxidantes, estando dicha solución aislada de las aguas residuales y de los microorganismos. Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la invención, donde dicho material conductor es fibra de carbono o grafito. De forma particular, dicho material conductor es un material conductor inerte, resistente a la oxidación. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a wastewater purification system in a reactor through which a flow of wastewater comprising biological matter circulates and where the biological matter is oxidized anaerobically by microorganisms, wherein said system comprises a trap of electrons consisting of an open and hollow container of a conductive material, wherein said container comprises microperforations and said electron trap houses a solution comprising oxidants, said solution being isolated from wastewater and microorganisms. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said conductive material is carbon fiber or graphite. In particular, said conductive material is an inert, oxidation resistant conductive material.
Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la presente invención, donde dichas microperforaciones están cubiertas por una membrana iónica. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein said microperforations are covered by an ionic membrane.
Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la invención, donde dichos oxidantes están seleccionados del grupo compuesto por oxígeno, peróxido de hidrógeno, quinonas, hipoclorito y nitrato. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said oxidants are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, quinones, hypochlorite and nitrate.
Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la invención, donde dicho oxidante es suministrado al interior de la trampa de electrones. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said oxidant is supplied inside the electron trap.
Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la invención, donde dicho oxidante es generado electroquímicamente. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said oxidant is generated electrochemically.
Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la invención, donde dicha trampa de electrones comprende membranas iónicas.
Otro aspecto es el sistema según el segundo aspecto de la invención, donde dicho reactor comprende un lecho de material conductor eléctrico. De forma particular, dicho material conductor eléctrico está seleccionado del grupo compuesto por material de tipo grafitico, coque de hulla, coque de petróleo y residuos vegetales pirolizados. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said electron trap comprises ionic membranes. Another aspect is the system according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein said reactor comprises a bed of electrical conductive material. In particular, said electrical conductive material is selected from the group consisting of graffiti type material, coal coke, petroleum coke and pyrolized plant residues.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1 . Esquema que representa un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. El sistema comprende una trampa de electrones de fibra de carbono que alberga una disolución de KCI y 02, y un lecho de partículas de grafito. Las aguas residuales contienen acetato y células de Geobacter. Figure 1 . Scheme representing a wastewater purification system according to the present invention. The system comprises a carbon fiber electron trap that houses a solution of KCI and 0 2 , and a bed of graphite particles. Wastewater contains acetate and Geobacter cells.
Figura 2. Esquema que representa un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. El sistema comprende una trampa de electrones que contiene membranas iónicas. Los protones atraviesan las membranas de intercambio iónico, permitiendo intercambio iónico entre el agua residual y la solución oxidante de la trampa de electrones. Figura 3. Esquema que representa un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. El sistema comprende cuatro trampas de electrones en las que el oxidante es 02. Figure 2. Scheme depicting a wastewater purification system according to the present invention. The system comprises an electron trap that contains ionic membranes. The protons cross the ion exchange membranes, allowing ionic exchange between the wastewater and the oxidizing solution of the electron trap. Figure 3. Scheme depicting a wastewater treatment system according to the present invention. The system comprises four electron traps in which the oxidant is 0 2 .
Figura 4. Esquema que representa un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. El sistema comprende una trampa de electrones que contiene membranas iónicas. Por la trampa de electrones fluye agua limpia aireada, que contiene oxígeno. Figure 4. Scheme representing a wastewater purification system according to the present invention. The system comprises an electron trap that contains ionic membranes. Clean aerated water, which contains oxygen, flows through the electron trap.
Figura 5. Esquema que representa un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. El sistema comprende una trampa de electrones en la que se genera el oxidante hipoclorito por oxidación electroquímica de cloruro. Este hipoclorito se reduce, transformándose de nuevo en cloruro, al reaccionar en la pared interna de la trampa con los electrones procedentes de la oxidación anaeróbica de la materia biológica presente en las aguas residuales.
Figura 6. Resultados experimentales obtenidos con sistemas de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. Los rombos representan los resultados obtenidos con un sistema de depuración con una trampa de electrones con membranas iónicas que permiten el paso de protones, con oxidación anaeróbica por células de la bacteria electroactiva Geobacter. Los cuadrados representan los resultados obtenidos con un sistema de depuración con una trampa de electrones sin membranas iónicas para el paso de protones, con oxidación anaeróbica por células de la bacteria electroactiva Geobacter. Los triángulos representan los resultados obtenidos con un sistema de depuración con una trampa de electrones sin membranas iónicas para el paso de protones y sin oxidación por células de la bacteria electroactiva Geobacter. Figure 5. Scheme representing a wastewater purification system according to the present invention. The system comprises an electron trap in which the hypochlorite oxidant is generated by electrochemical oxidation of chloride. This hypochlorite is reduced, transforming back into chloride, by reacting on the inner wall of the trap with electrons from the anaerobic oxidation of the biological matter present in the wastewater. Figure 6. Experimental results obtained with wastewater purification systems according to the present invention. The rhombuses represent the results obtained with a purification system with an electron trap with ionic membranes that allow the passage of protons, with anaerobic oxidation by cells of the Geobacter electroactive bacterium. The squares represent the results obtained with a purification system with an electron trap without ionic membranes for the passage of protons, with anaerobic oxidation by cells of the Geobacter electroactive bacterium. The triangles represent the results obtained with a purification system with an electron trap without ionic membranes for the passage of protons and without oxidation by cells of the Geobacter electroactive bacterium.
Figura 7. Resultados experimentales obtenidos con sistemas de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención. Se representa la eficiencia depurativa. Se han utilizado diferentes lechos: lecho conductor sin trampa de electrones, lecho conductor con trampa de electrones usando oxígeno como oxidante y lecho conductor con trampa de electrones usando hipoclorito (lejía) como oxidante. DQO significa Demanda Química de Oxígeno y TRH significa Tiempo de Retención Hidráulica. Figure 7. Experimental results obtained with wastewater purification systems according to the present invention. The depurative efficiency is represented. Different beds have been used: conductive bed without electron trap, conductive bed with electron trap using oxygen as oxidant and conductive bed with electron trap using hypochlorite (bleach) as oxidant. COD means Chemical Oxygen Demand and HRT means Hydraulic Retention Time.
Figura 8. Muestra el efecto de los sistemas de depuración de aguas residuales según la presente invención sobre la concentración residual del contaminante. Las dos barras de la derecha muestran la concentración residual de acetato en aguas residuales tratadas utilizando una trampa de electrones en un lecho de material carbonoso conductor (con y sin aireación). La barra izquierda muestra la concentración de acetato en el agua residual antes de entrar en el sistema de depuración. Figure 8. Shows the effect of wastewater treatment systems according to the present invention on the residual concentration of the contaminant. The two bars on the right show the residual concentration of acetate in treated wastewater using an electron trap in a bed of conductive carbonaceous material (with and without aeration). The left bar shows the concentration of acetate in the wastewater before entering the purification system.
MODOS DE REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Ejemplo 1 . Depuración de aguas con distintos sistemas que comprenden trampas de electrones.
Los sistemas contaban con un material carbonoso conductor como lecho. Se incorporaron trampas de electrones en los lechos que operaron bajo tres diferentes condiciones: Example 1 . Water purification with different systems comprising electron traps. The systems had a conductive carbonaceous material as a bed. Electron traps were incorporated into the beds that operated under three different conditions:
- Trampas de electrones vacías. El sistema actuó como control, se detectó solo la depuración consecuente de las propiedades del material conductor del lecho y los microorganismos inoculados. El sistema actuó como un biofiltro conductor (material carbonoso conductor). - Empty electron traps. The system acted as a control, only the consistent clearance of the properties of the conductive material of the bed and the inoculated microorganisms was detected. The system acted as a conductive biofilter (conductive carbonaceous material).
- Trampas de electrones llenas de agua. En este caso las trampas de electrones actuaron como sumidero de electrones, ya que el oxígeno presente en el agua del interior de las trampas puede aceptar los electrones producidos en las reacciones de oxidación de la materia orgánica de una forma más eficiente; físicamente en la presente invención se minimiza la distancia entre los protones generados en el lecho (producto del metabolismo) y el oxígeno (los dos reaccionan con los electrones para generar agua), a diferencia de lo que ocurre en los biofiltros conductores, en los que los electrones producidos tienen que atravesar todo el lecho hasta la superficie para encontrar al oxígeno que actuaría como último aceptor de electrones. Al interior de estas trampas de electrones también deben de llegar los protones atravesando la membrana de intercambio catiónico, para participar en la reacción entre el oxígeno y los electrones y producir finalmente agua como único producto. - Electron traps filled with water. In this case the electron traps acted as an electron sink, since the oxygen present in the water inside the traps can accept the electrons produced in the oxidation reactions of the organic matter in a more efficient way; physically in the present invention, the distance between the protons generated in the bed (product of metabolism) and oxygen (both react with electrons to generate water) is minimized, unlike what happens in conductive biofilters, in which The produced electrons have to cross the entire bed to the surface to find the oxygen that would act as the last electron acceptor. Inside these electron traps, protons must also reach through the cation exchange membrane, to participate in the reaction between oxygen and electrons and finally produce water as the only product.
- Trampas de electrones con hipoclorito sódico: el fundamento de esta condición es el mismo que el del caso anterior, si bien la molécula aceptora de electrones sería el hipoclorito en vez del oxígeno, y como su potencial redox es mayor, la eficiencia con la que acepta electrones también lo es, produciendo un aumento en la velocidad de degradación de los contaminantes. - Electron traps with sodium hypochlorite: the basis of this condition is the same as in the previous case, although the electron acceptor molecule would be hypochlorite instead of oxygen, and as its redox potential is greater, the efficiency with which Accepts electrons too, producing an increase in the degradation rate of pollutants.
La Figura 7 muestra los resultados de eficiencia depurativa obtenidos en estos tres sistemas. Figure 7 shows the purification efficiency results obtained in these three systems.
Ejemplo 2. Depuración de aguas con distintos sistemas. Example 2. Water purification with different systems.
Todos los sistemas inicialmente fueron inoculados con Geobacter. Se operó bajo condiciones de flujo continuo fijando un tiempo de retención hidráulico (TRH) de 2 días. Los sistemas operaron bajo las siguientes condiciones:
- Lecho de gránulos de material carbonoso conductor con tres trampas de electrones de fibra de carbono que permiten el paso de protones a través de una membrana de intercambio catiónico. All systems were initially inoculated with Geobacter. It was operated under continuous flow conditions by setting a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days. The systems operated under the following conditions: - Bed of conductive carbonaceous granules with three carbon fiber electron traps that allow protons to pass through a cation exchange membrane.
- Trampas de electrones vacías de agua que actuaron a modo de control. - Electron traps empty of water that acted as a control.
- Trampas de electrones llenas de agua gaseada con aire, con el fin de aumentar la concentración de oxígeno disuelto en su interior. En la Figura 8 se muestra la concentración residual de acetato en aguas residuales tratadas. Se observó que la concentración residual de acetato es menor utilizando trampas de electrones llenas de agua y saturadas en oxígeno mediante burbujeo artificial de aire.
- Electron traps filled with water gassed with air, in order to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen inside. Figure 8 shows the residual acetate concentration in treated wastewater. It was observed that the residual acetate concentration is lower using electron traps filled with water and saturated in oxygen by artificial air bubbling.
Claims
1. Un procedimiento de depuración de aguas residuales en un reactor, en el que dicho procedimiento comprende: 1. A wastewater treatment process in a reactor, wherein said process comprises:
(a) circular un flujo de aguas residuales que comprenden materia biológica por dicho reactor, (a) circulating a flow of wastewater comprising biological matter through said reactor,
(b) oxidar anaeróbicamente la materia biológica por microorganismos, donde en dicha oxidación se producen electrones, caracterizado por que (b) anaerobically oxidize the biological matter by microorganisms, where electrons are produced in said oxidation, characterized in that
(c) dichos electrones se transfieren al interior de una trampa de electrones que consiste en un contenedor abierto y hueco de un material conductor, donde dicho contenedor comprende microperforaciones y dicha trampa de electrones alberga una solución que comprende oxidantes, estando dicha solución aislada de las aguas residuales y de los microorganismos, y (c) said electrons are transferred into an electron trap consisting of an open and hollow container of a conductive material, wherein said container comprises microperforations and said electron trap houses a solution comprising oxidants, said solution being isolated from the wastewater and microorganisms, and
(d) dichos electrones reducen los oxidantes ubicados dentro de la trampa de electrones. (d) said electrons reduce the oxidants located within the electron trap.
2. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que dicho material conductor es fibra de carbono o grafito, 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said conductive material is carbon fiber or graphite,
3. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado por que dichas microperforaciones están cubiertas por una membrana iónica. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said microperforations are covered by an ionic membrane.
4. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado por que dichos oxidantes están seleccionados del grupo compuesto por oxígeno, peróxido de hidrógeno, quinonas, hipoclorito y nitrato. 4. Process according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said oxidants are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, quinones, hypochlorite and nitrate.
5. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizado por que dicho oxidante es suministrado ai interior de la trampa de electrones. 5. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said oxidant is supplied to the interior of the electron trap.
6. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizado por que dicho oxidante es generado electroquímicamente. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said oxidant is electrochemically generated.
7. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado por que dicho reactor comprende un lecho de material conductor eléctrico. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said reactor comprises a bed of electrical conductive material.
8. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 7, caracterizado por que dicho material conductor eléctrico está seleccionado del grupo compuesto por material de tipo grafitico, coque de hulla, coque de petróleo y residuo vegetal pirolizado. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that said electrical conductive material is selected from the group consisting of graffiti type material, coal coke, petroleum coke and pyrolized vegetable residue.
9. Un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales en un reactor por el que circula un flujo de aguas residuales que comprenden materia biológica y donde la materia biológica es oxidada anaeróbicamente por microorganismos, caracterizado por que dicho sistema comprende una trampa de electrones que
consiste en un contenedor abierto y hueco de un matenai conductor, donde dicho contenedor comprende microperforaciones y dicha trampa de electrones alberga una solución que comprende oxidantes, estando dicha solución aislada de las aguas residuales y de los microorganismos. 9. A wastewater purification system in a reactor through which a flow of wastewater that comprises biological matter circulates and where the biological matter is oxidized anaerobically by microorganisms, characterized in that said system comprises an electron trap that it consists of an open and hollow container of a conductive matenai, where said container comprises microperforations and said electron trap houses a solution comprising oxidants, said solution being isolated from wastewater and microorganisms.
10. Sistema según la reivindicación 9, caracterizado por que dicho material conductor es fibra de carbono o grafito. 10. System according to claim 9, characterized in that said conductive material is carbon fiber or graphite.
11. Sistema según la reivindicación 9 ó 10, caracterizado por que dichas microperforaciones están cubiertas por una membrana iónica. 11. System according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that said microperforations are covered by an ionic membrane.
12. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 11 , caracterizado por que dichos oxidantes están seleccionados del grupo compuesto por oxígeno, peróxido de hidrógeno, quinonas, hipoclorito y nitrato. 12. System according to any of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that said oxidants are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, quinones, hypochlorite and nitrate.
13. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 12, caracterizado por que dicho oxidante es suministrado al interior de la trampa de electrones. 13. System according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that said oxidant is supplied inside the electron trap.
14. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 13, caracterizado por que dicho oxidante es generado electroquímicamente. 14. System according to any of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that said oxidant is electrochemically generated.
15. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 14, caracterizado por que dicho reactor comprende un lecho de material conductor eléctrico. 15. System according to any of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that said reactor comprises a bed of electrical conductive material.
16. Sistema según la reivindicación 15, caracterizado por que dicho material conductor eléctrico está seleccionado del grupo compuesto por material de tipo grafitico, coque de hulla, coque de petróleo y residuos vegetales pirolizados.
16. System according to claim 15, characterized in that said electrical conductive material is selected from the group consisting of graffiti type material, coal coke, petroleum coke and pyrolized vegetable residues.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5458784A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1995-10-17 | Catalytic Materials Limited | Removal of contaminants from aqueous and gaseous streams using graphic filaments |
| WO2001004061A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | A biofuel cell using wastewater and active sludge for wastewater treatment |
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- 2017-03-17 WO PCT/ES2017/070160 patent/WO2018167333A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5458784A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1995-10-17 | Catalytic Materials Limited | Removal of contaminants from aqueous and gaseous streams using graphic filaments |
| WO2001004061A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | A biofuel cell using wastewater and active sludge for wastewater treatment |
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