WO2018166181A1

WO2018166181A1 - Flexible clamp and method for use in milling blades having large complex curved surfaces

Info

Publication number: WO2018166181A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/104481
Authority: WO
Inventors: 宋清华; 高建; 刘战强; 万熠; 史振宇
Original assignee: 山东大学
Priority date: 2017-03-17
Filing date: 2017-09-29
Publication date: 2018-09-20
Also published as: CN106624907A; KR20190073375A; KR102190261B1; CN106624907B

Abstract

A flexible clamp and a method for use in milling blades having large complex curved surfaces, comprising: a lower portion clamping portion (2) which is arranged on a workbench (1), wherein a flexible clamping portion is cooperatively arranged at an upper side of the lower portion clamping portion (2); two ends of the flexible clamping portion are connected to a horizontal moving mechanism, and an end portion of the horizontal moving mechanism is connected to a vertical moving mechanism; the flexible clamping portion comprises an elastic clamping body which flexibly adheres to a side wall of a blade, the elastic clamping body flexibly clamping an upper portion side wall of the blade, while the lower portion clamping portion (2) clamps a bottom portion of the blade; during processing, the horizontal moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism drive the elastic clamping body to adjust the position at which the blade is clamped so as to preserve an area to be processed. The present invention solves the problem of processing vibration during the processing of a thin-walled part having a complex curved surface, and may also reduce processing distortion of thin-walled structures, such as a large-sized blades.

Description

一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具及方法Flexible fixture and method for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及机械加工技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具及方法。The invention relates to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular to a flexible clamp and method for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling.

背景技术Background technique

目前，在航天工业中，对薄壁件的切削任务是至关重要的，而薄壁件的变厚度减薄加工一直是加工制造难题。航天结构中的复杂曲面薄壁叶片的悬伸量大、刚性差，且主要以五轴铣削为主要加工方式。难加工结构和复杂加工工艺使得薄壁结构在加工中易于产生变形、回弹等现象，存在让刀、振动等问题，导致工件变形，影响工件尺寸精度、切削表面质量和加工效率。At present, in the aerospace industry, the cutting task of thin-walled parts is crucial, and the thinning and thinning of thin-walled parts has always been a manufacturing and manufacturing problem. The complex curved thin-walled blades in the aerospace structure have large overhang and poor rigidity, and mainly adopt five-axis milling as the main processing method. The difficult-to-machine structure and complicated processing technology make the thin-walled structure prone to deformation and rebound during processing, and there are problems such as knife and vibration, which cause the workpiece to deform, affecting the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece, the quality of the cutting surface and the processing efficiency.

针对复杂曲面薄壁件加工过程中的加工振动问题，国内外很多学者进行了相关的研究。Aiming at the problem of machining vibration during the processing of thin-walled parts with complex curved surfaces, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted related research.

在优选切削参数方面，Kersting提出利用仿真，预测五轴铣削过程中的可再生切削颤振；Biemann提出了一套可以计算五轴铣削加工振动的仿真方法以及加工表面建模方法；Zhou提出了一种五轴铣削中优选切削参数抑制切削振动的方法；Arnaud给出了保证精度和表面质量的最优切削参数；Campa提出了一种估计工件切削稳定域的方法以避免颤振。这些研究工作主要是通过一定程度上调整切削参数，从而控制薄壁挠性元件的振动。通过改变切削参数虽然加工振动能够得到有效的控制，但是并不能从根源上抑制振动，因此在铣削薄壁挠性工件中起到的减振效果并不理想。并且，针对成型面比较复杂的叶轮叶片的加工，所涉及的切削参数的调整过于复杂，无法完全掌控。In terms of the preferred cutting parameters, Kersting proposed using simulation to predict the reproducible cutting flutter during five-axis milling; Biemann proposed a simulation method for calculating the vibration of five-axis milling and the machining surface modeling method; Zhou proposed A five-axis milling method is preferred for cutting parameters to suppress cutting vibration; Arnaud gives optimal cutting parameters for accuracy and surface quality; Campa proposes a method for estimating the workpiece's cutting stability domain to avoid flutter. These research efforts mainly control the vibration of thin-walled flexible components by adjusting the cutting parameters to some extent. Although the machining vibration can be effectively controlled by changing the cutting parameters, the vibration cannot be suppressed from the root source, so the vibration damping effect in milling a thin-walled flexible workpiece is not satisfactory. Moreover, for the machining of impeller blades with complicated molding surfaces, the adjustment of the cutting parameters involved is too complicated to be completely controlled.

在夹具的优化布局方面，Selvakumar等人提出了利用实验设计算法，构建最佳的夹具布局，减少加工工件的最大弹性变形，从而抑制加工振动。但是，现有夹具与工件全部是刚性接触，在五轴铣削过程中，会导致工件变形和夹具变形，诱发振动。并且，在夹具优化研究中并未考虑夹子和***的数量和位置，以及夹具元素的布局等问题。In terms of the optimal layout of the fixture, Selvakumar et al. proposed to use the experimental design algorithm to construct the optimal fixture layout and reduce the maximum elastic deformation of the workpiece to suppress the machining vibration. However, the existing fixture and the workpiece are all in rigid contact, and during the five-axis milling process, the workpiece is deformed and the fixture is deformed to induce vibration. Moreover, the number and position of the clips and positioners, as well as the layout of the fixture elements, are not considered in the fixture optimization study.

现有的薄壁件铣削夹具存在明显的不足和局限性，有些专为薄壁工件设计的夹具中没有考虑对叶片根部榫头的夹持与定位，因此往往由于榫头的影响而直接影响带榫头的整体叶片的装夹与定位。如申请号201610042625.3的发明专利公开的一种叶片加工辅助夹具包括基座和设置于基座端面的两个用于叶片夹持的夹持块，两夹持块通过调节机构可联动调节装配于基座上，基座的两夹持块之间还设置有用于叶片径向顶紧的顶紧机构。但是此发明的加工辅助夹具未考虑大型叶底部的榫头，因此此发明无法装夹带榫头的叶片。The existing thin-walled milling fixtures have obvious deficiencies and limitations. Some clamps designed for thin-walled workpieces do not consider the clamping and positioning of the blade roots, so they often directly affect the hoes due to the influence of the hoes. The clamping and positioning of the overall blade. A blade machining auxiliary jig disclosed in the invention patent of the application No. 201610042625.3 includes a base and two clamping blocks for the blade clamping provided on the end surface of the base, and the two clamping blocks can be adjusted and assembled on the base by the adjusting mechanism. In the seat, a clamping mechanism for radially pressing the blades is further disposed between the two clamping blocks of the base. However, the processing auxiliary jig of the invention does not consider the hoe of the bottom of the large leaf, and therefore the invention cannot mount the blade with the hoe.

现有的薄壁件铣削夹具存在明显的不足和局限性，有些专为薄壁工件设计的夹具无法适用于复杂曲面薄壁工件，如申请号：201510916102.2、201010268925.6、201510285645.9和201510285670.7等发明专利。其中申请号201010268925.6和201510916102.2的发明专利分别于2010年和2015年公开了一种薄壁框体构件铣削夹具，利用真空吸附式工作台代替现有的虎钳夹具，克服了因压板式装夹使零件局部受力产生弹性变形的难题，在夹持的过程中能够使薄壁框架类零件均匀受力，进而解决目前薄壁框体类零件加工时用的夹具导致零件局部受力，易使零件产生弹性变形、零件质量很难达到设计要求的问题。尽管上述发明的夹持效果很可观，但是其应用范畴局限在了平面薄壁件之中，无法对复杂曲面的薄壁零件进行装夹。申请号201510285645.9的发明专利提供了一种薄壁件铣削用柔性随动夹具，包括底板，底板上固定有若干十字滑台，每个十字滑台上均安装有垂直升降台，每个垂直升降台通过吸盘杆安装有吸盘或者通过万向球轴承安装有主球。安装有吸盘的轴为定位轴，安装有主球的轴为随动轴，随动轴与定位轴之间可以相互转换，只需要将万向球轴承换为吸盘杆，将控制模式切换为定位模式即可。同时，各轴与底板之间可以自由拆装，充分体现柔性功能，可以有效减少铣削过程中的工件变形，提高工件加工精度。尽管该发明的随动效果很好，但是应用范畴局限在了平面薄壁件，无法适用于复杂曲面薄壁件。申请号201510285670.7的发明专利提供了一种薄壁件铣削用随动支承夹具，包括支架、轴承杆和气缸，轴承杆下端通过轴承定位环固定有轴承，其中气缸一端铰接于支架，另一端铰接于轴承杆，支架和轴承杆之间通过第一连杆和第二连杆铰接。当对薄壁工件进行立铣的时，装置会随着刀具的移动，在薄壁加工面的另一侧施加支承力，对薄壁件进行辅助支承。起到一定的减少加工变形的作用。但是，此装置主要适用于平面薄壁件，对于曲面的大型薄壁叶片效果不佳：1、装置随动支承曲面薄壁表面时，会由于表面的变厚度，导致装置产生沿薄壁面法线方向的位移，又由于气缸为开环，无反馈机制，施加支承力恒定，导致薄壁件受力过大，甚至向加工面侧弯曲，易损坏刀具；同时也容易导致连杆弯曲，破坏装置。2、本装置与工件的接触为刚性接触，不能起到良好的抑制振动的作用。Existing thin-walled milling fixtures have significant deficiencies and limitations, and some fixtures designed for thin-walled workpieces cannot Applicable to complex curved thin-walled workpieces, such as application numbers: 201510916102.2, 201010268925.6, 201510285645.9 and 201510285670.7. The invention patents of Application Nos. 201010268925.6 and 201510916102.2 respectively disclose a thin-walled frame member milling jig in 2010 and 2015, which replaces the existing vise clamp by a vacuum suction type worktable, thereby overcoming the clamping of the pressure plate type. The problem of elastic deformation of the part under partial force can make the thin-walled frame parts evenly stressed during the clamping process, and solve the problem that the fixture used in the processing of the thin-walled frame parts causes the parts to be partially stressed, and the parts are easy to be made. It is difficult to meet the design requirements due to elastic deformation and part quality. Although the clamping effect of the above invention is considerable, its application range is limited to flat thin-walled parts, and it is impossible to clamp thin-walled parts of complicated curved surfaces. The invention patent of the application No. 201510285645.9 provides a flexible follow-up clamp for thin-walled parts milling, comprising a bottom plate on which a plurality of cross slides are fixed, each vertical slide table is provided with a vertical lifting platform, and each vertical lifting platform A suction cup is mounted through the suction rod or a main ball is mounted through the universal ball bearing. The shaft with the suction cup is the positioning shaft, and the shaft with the main ball is the follower shaft. The follower shaft and the positioning shaft can be converted to each other. Only the universal ball bearing needs to be replaced with the suction rod, and the control mode is switched to the positioning. The mode is OK. At the same time, the shaft and the bottom plate can be freely disassembled and assembled, fully embodying the flexible function, which can effectively reduce the deformation of the workpiece during the milling process and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Although the follow-up effect of the invention is very good, the application range is limited to flat thin-walled parts, and cannot be applied to thin-walled parts of complex curved surfaces. The invention patent of the application No. 201510285670.7 provides a follow-up support fixture for thin-walled parts milling, comprising a bracket, a bearing rod and a cylinder. The lower end of the bearing rod is fixed with a bearing through a bearing positioning ring, wherein one end of the cylinder is hinged to the bracket and the other end is hinged to The bearing rod, the bracket and the bearing rod are hinged by the first link and the second link. When the thin-walled workpiece is end-milled, the device applies a supporting force to the other side of the thin-walled working surface as the tool moves, and assists the thin-walled member. Play a certain role in reducing processing distortion. However, this device is mainly suitable for flat thin-walled parts, and the effect on the large thin-walled blades of the curved surface is not good: 1. When the device follows the thin-walled surface of the curved surface, the device will produce a thin wall surface method due to the variable thickness of the surface. The displacement in the line direction is also due to the open loop of the cylinder, no feedback mechanism, and the constant supporting force is applied, resulting in excessive force on the thin-walled member, even bending to the processing surface side, which is easy to damage the tool; Device. 2. The contact between the device and the workpiece is a rigid contact, which does not play a good role in suppressing vibration.

现有的薄壁件铣削夹具存在明显的不足和局限性，有些专为薄壁工件设计的夹具中没有随动支承或叶片夹持装置，因此无法对薄壁件加工过程中产生的颤振起到良好的抑制作用，如申请号：201310104849.9和201410353976.7等两个专利。其中，申请号201310104849.9的发明专利公开了一种空心涡轮叶片蜡模悬臂式夹具，夹具由前板和后板与中间板垂直固定安装，中间板相对的一侧敞开，整体呈凹形结构；叶片蜡模放置在夹具体内，叶片蜡模引晶段与前定位块凹槽装夹，叶片蜡模冒口补缩段与后定位块上表面分布的四个定位支承销装夹，实现对叶片蜡模的定位；后板外侧固连的圆柱梁装卡在加工设备三爪卡盘上，使夹具体悬空，实现主轴旋转带动叶片蜡模和夹具体一起转动，一次装夹即完成叶片蜡模叶背型面和叶盆型面的连续螺旋铣削加工。虽然该发明解决了无辅助定位芯头的小型空心涡轮叶片蜡模的定位问题；加工过程中避免了因两次装夹产生的定位误差，且一定程度上减少了连接刀痕，悬臂式设计增强了蜡型刚性，避免加工过程中发生断裂。但是该发明忽略了薄壁件的刚性小的特性，未考虑随动支承装置，因此，铣削过程中的工件变形会影响切削厚度,最终影响加工精度。叶片的变形同样会会产生切削颤振。申请号201410353976.7的发明专利公开的一种涡轮叶片型面修复夹具，具有一个制有矩形通孔的座体。在矩形通孔上端制有夹持高压涡轮叶片的紧力开口槽，矩形通孔下端制有向下连通贯穿槽孔开口缝，装配的紧固调节旋钮手柄的紧固螺杆，纵向通过座体一端夹持臂的端面丝母螺孔和矩形通孔，连接座体的另一端夹持臂。上述发明突出的特点是结构简单、操作方便、夹持稳定，仅需较小的力即可稳定可靠地固定高压涡轮叶片榫头。但是该发明只考虑了涡轮叶片榫头的夹持，未考虑叶片的颤振，未设置相应的叶片随动夹具。The existing thin-walled milling fixtures have obvious deficiencies and limitations. Some fixtures designed for thin-walled workpieces do not have follow-up supports or blade clamping devices, so they cannot be used for the chattering generated during the processing of thin-walled parts. To a good inhibition, such as the application number: 201310104849.9 and 201410353976.7 two patents. The invention patent of the application No. 201310104849.9 discloses a hollow turbine blade wax pattern cantilever type clamp, wherein the clamp is vertically fixedly mounted by the front plate and the rear plate and the intermediate plate, and the opposite side of the intermediate plate is open, and the whole body has a concave structure; The wax mold is placed in the fixture body, the blade wax mold lead-in section and the front positioning block groove are clamped, and the blade wax mold riser feeding section and the rear positioning block upper surface are distributed with four positioning support pins to realize the blade wax. The positioning of the mold; the cylindrical beam fixed on the outer side of the rear plate is mounted on the three-jaw chuck of the processing equipment, so that the clip is suspended, and the rotation of the main shaft is rotated to drive the wax mold and the clip to rotate together, and the wax mold leaf is completed in one clamping. Continuous spiral milling of back profile and blade face. Although the invention solves the problem of positioning of the small hollow turbine blade wax mold without the auxiliary positioning core; the positioning error caused by the two clamping is avoided during the processing, and the connecting tool marks are reduced to some extent, and the cantilever design is enhanced. The wax type is rigid to avoid breakage during processing. However, the invention neglects the low rigidity of the thin-walled member, and does not consider the follow-up support device. Therefore, the deformation of the workpiece during the milling process affects the cutting thickness and ultimately affects the machining accuracy. Deformation of the blade will also produce a chattering flutter. A turbine blade profile repair jig disclosed in the invention patent No. 201410353976.7 has a seat body having a rectangular through hole. A tight opening slot for clamping the high pressure turbine blade is formed at the upper end of the rectangular through hole, and a lower end of the rectangular through hole is formed with a fastening screw that is connected downwardly through the opening of the slot hole, and the fastening knob of the fastening adjustment knob is assembled, and the longitudinal end passes through the end of the seat body. The end face of the clamping arm has a screw hole and a rectangular through hole, and the other end of the connecting body clamps the arm. The outstanding features of the above invention are that the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, the clamping is stable, and the high-pressure turbine blade boring head can be stably and reliably fixed with only a small force. However, the invention only considers the clamping of the turbine blade boring head, does not consider the flutter of the blade, and does not provide a corresponding blade follower clamp.

现有的薄壁件铣削夹具存在明显的不足和局限性，有些专为薄壁工件设计的夹具中虽然有随动支承装置，但是仍无法对薄壁件加工过程中产生的颤振起到良好的抑制作用，如申请号201610346138.6的发明专利公开了一种采用固定支承为辅，可移动的浮动支承为主的支承方式，固定支承位于工件的四周，可移动的浮动支承由智能夹具***获取走刀路径和工件加工前的初始位置。初始装夹时，由固定和浮动的两种支承共同作用，使工件受力均匀，防止产生不必要的初始残余应力，从而减少夹紧误差，提高加工精度。但是，该发明中的固定夹具为刚性结构，在浮动支承的机械运动过程中以及切削过程中会产生强烈的颤振，而夹具的隔振装置吸振不完全，导致工件在加工过程中作被迫振动，且为随机振动。导轨、丝杠运动因为其自身的往复运动间隙，将降低加工精度。而且，此发明中的夹具所需要的智能夹具***相对复杂，传感器应用较多，成本较高；并且传感器检测部位是裸露的，传感器表面易受环境的影响，从而难以保证其可靠精度。The existing thin-walled milling fixtures have obvious deficiencies and limitations. Some of the fixtures designed for thin-walled workpieces have a follow-up support device, but they are still not good for the chattering generated during the processing of thin-walled parts. The invention of patent application No. 201610346138.6 discloses a support method which is mainly supported by a fixed support and a movable floating support. The fixed support is located around the workpiece, and the movable floating support is taken by the intelligent fixture system. The tool path and the initial position before the workpiece is machined. In the initial clamping, the fixed and floating two supports work together to make the workpiece evenly stressed, preventing unnecessary initial residual stress, thereby reducing the clamping error and improving the machining accuracy. However, the fixing jig in the invention is a rigid structure, and during the mechanical movement of the floating bearing and during the cutting process, strong flutter is generated, and the vibration isolating device of the jig is incompletely shaken, causing the workpiece to be forced during the machining process. Vibration and random vibration. The guide rail and the screw movement will reduce the machining accuracy because of its own reciprocating motion gap. Moreover, the intelligent fixture system required by the fixture in the invention is relatively complicated, the sensor application is high, and the cost is high; and the sensor detection portion is bare, and the sensor surface is susceptible to the environment, so that it is difficult to ensure the reliability.

综上所述，现有技术中对于复杂曲面薄壁件加工过程中的加工振动问题，尚缺乏有效的解决方案。In summary, in the prior art, there is still no effective solution to the problem of machining vibration in the processing of complex curved thin-walled parts.

发明内容Summary of the invention

为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具，设置了柔性夹持部，可以减小大型叶片等薄壁结构的加工变形，降低加工中的颤振，进而解决大型薄壁叶片铣削过程中因刚性弱而造成的加工变形大和加工表面质量难以保证等难题以及曲面类零件难装夹的问题。In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a flexible clamp for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling, which is provided with a flexible clamping portion, which can reduce the processing deformation of a thin wall structure such as a large blade, and reduce the processing. The flutter, in turn, solves the problems of large deformation due to weak rigidity and difficulty in ensuring the quality of the machined surface during the milling process of large thin-walled blades, and the difficulty of clamping the curved parts.

进一步的，本发明采用下述技术方案：Further, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具，包括设置于工作台的下部夹持部，下部夹持部上方配合设置柔性夹持部，所述柔性夹持部两端均与水平移动机构连接，水平移动机构端部与上下移动机构连接；A flexible clamp for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling, comprising a lower clamping portion disposed on a table, under a flexible clamping portion is disposed above the clamping portion, and both ends of the flexible clamping portion are connected with the horizontal moving mechanism, and the horizontal moving mechanism end portion is connected with the vertical moving mechanism;

所述柔性夹持部包括与叶片侧壁柔性贴合的弹性夹持体，弹性夹持体柔性夹持住叶片上部侧壁，下部夹持部夹持住叶片底部；加工过程中水平移动机构和上下移动机构带动弹性夹持体调整夹持叶片的位置，以预留出待加工区域。The flexible clamping portion comprises an elastic clamping body that is flexibly fitted to the side wall of the blade, the elastic clamping body is flexible to clamp the upper side wall of the blade, and the lower clamping portion clamps the bottom of the blade; the horizontal moving mechanism during processing and The up and down moving mechanism drives the elastic clamping body to adjust the position of the clamping blade to reserve the area to be processed.

本发明的夹具，设置了柔性夹持部和下部夹持部相配合，在保证能可靠稳固的夹持的前提下，柔性夹持部可以给叶片以柔性夹持力，可以减小大型叶片等薄壁结构的加工变形，降低加工中的颤振，减少加工误差，提高加工精度；本发明的柔性夹持部可以在水平方向和竖直方向内移动，将叶片的待加工区域留出，不会干涉叶片的加工过程。The clamp of the present invention is provided with a flexible clamping portion and a lower clamping portion. Under the premise of ensuring reliable and stable clamping, the flexible clamping portion can provide flexible clamping force to the blade, and can reduce large blades, etc. The processing deformation of the thin-walled structure reduces the chattering during processing, reduces the machining error, and improves the machining accuracy; the flexible clamping portion of the present invention can move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to leave the area to be processed of the blade, Will interfere with the processing of the blade.

进一步的，所述弹性夹持体为支承气囊，支承气囊中部留有供叶片穿过的空腔，支承气囊充满状态下与叶片侧壁紧密贴合。支承气囊中填设气体作为填充介质，使得支承气囊可以和曲面的叶片完全贴合，且支承气囊的柔性可抑制加工过程中产生的震颤。Further, the elastic clamping body is a supporting airbag, and a cavity is provided in the middle of the supporting airbag for the blade to pass through, and the supporting airbag is in close contact with the sidewall of the blade in a full state. The supporting airbag is filled with gas as a filling medium, so that the supporting airbag can completely conform to the curved blade, and the flexibility of supporting the airbag can suppress the chattering generated during the processing.

更进一步的，所述支承气囊为椭圆形结构。将支承气囊设置成椭圆形结构，与曲面叶片的侧面更为贴合。Further, the support airbag has an elliptical structure. The support airbag is arranged in an elliptical structure to fit the side of the curved blade.

进一步的，所述支承气囊侧部带有气嘴，气嘴与充气机构连通。气嘴可以采用美式气嘴，美式气嘴通过美式充气头和充气机构连通，利用气压逆向封闭原理，主要靠支承囊内压顶力锁死，耐高压、漏气线性较陡，即气压不够时漏气更快，并且气嘴充气流量大，配备美式充气头，充气的效率非常高。Further, the side of the supporting air bag has a gas nozzle, and the air nozzle is in communication with the inflation mechanism. The air nozzle can adopt the American air nozzle, and the American air nozzle communicates with the inflation mechanism through the American inflation head. The reverse pressure sealing principle is mainly used to lock the dead force in the support capsule, and the high pressure resistance and the air leakage linearity are steep, that is, the leakage is insufficient when the air pressure is insufficient. It is faster, and the airflow is large, and it is equipped with an American inflatable head. The efficiency of inflation is very high.

进一步的，所述上下移动机构包括固设于工作上的丝杠，所述丝杠上配合设置上丝杠螺母和下丝杠螺母，所述下丝杠螺母上部支撑水平移动机构，上丝杠螺母与下丝杠螺母配合将水平移动机构夹紧。下丝杠螺母对水平移动机构起支撑作用，上丝杠螺母和下丝杠螺母相互配合将水平移动机构夹紧，可以带动水平移动机构可靠的实现上下移动。Further, the up-and-down moving mechanism includes a lead screw fixed to the work, and the lead screw is provided with a lead screw nut and a lower lead screw nut, and the upper part of the lower lead screw nut supports a horizontal moving mechanism and a lead screw The nut cooperates with the lower screw nut to clamp the horizontal moving mechanism. The lower screw nut supports the horizontal moving mechanism, and the upper screw nut and the lower screw nut cooperate with each other to clamp the horizontal moving mechanism, which can drive the horizontal moving mechanism to reliably move up and down.

进一步的，所述水平移动机构包括套设于丝杠的套管结构，所述套管结构侧壁连接带长圆孔槽的竖板；所述套管结构顶部与上丝杠螺母配合，套管结构底部与下丝杠螺母配合。Further, the horizontal moving mechanism comprises a sleeve structure sleeved on a lead screw, the side wall of the sleeve structure is connected with a vertical plate with a long circular hole groove; the top of the sleeve structure is matched with the upper screw nut, the sleeve The bottom of the structure is matched with the lower screw nut.

进一步的，所述弹性夹持体两端均设有连接杆，连接杆固定连接于竖板的长圆孔槽处。弹性夹持体通过连接杆连接于水平移动机构竖板的长圆孔槽处，使弹性夹持体固定于长圆孔槽的任意位置即可调整弹性夹持体的水平位置。Further, the elastic clamping body is provided with connecting rods at both ends, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the long circular hole of the vertical plate. The elastic clamping body is connected to the long circular hole of the vertical moving mechanism vertical plate through the connecting rod, so that the elastic clamping body is fixed at any position of the long circular hole groove to adjust the horizontal position of the elastic clamping body.

更进一步的，所述上丝杠螺母顶部带有第一凹槽，所述下丝杠螺母底部带有第二凹槽，套管结构夹设于第一凹槽和第二凹槽之间。设置第一凹槽和第二凹槽，可以将水平移动机构的套管结构卡合夹套安装，可以稳固、可靠固定住套管结构，同时套管结构还可以在第一凹槽和第二凹槽的间隙中自由转动，从而可以调整连接杆的位置，进而可以使连接杆和竖板保持垂直连接，配合连接紧固。Further, the top of the upper screw nut has a first groove, and the bottom of the lower screw nut has a second groove, and the sleeve structure is sandwiched between the first groove and the second groove. The first groove and the second groove are arranged, the sleeve structure of the horizontal moving mechanism can be clamped, and the sleeve structure can be stably and reliably fixed, and the sleeve structure can also be in the first groove and the second The groove is free to rotate in the gap, so that the position of the connecting rod can be adjusted, thereby enabling the connecting rod and The risers remain vertically connected and fastened to the mating connection.

进一步的，所述下部夹持部包括虎台钳，所述虎台钳包括活动钳口体和固定钳口体，所述活动钳口体和固定钳口体顶部均固定有夹块。Further, the lower clamping portion includes a tiger vise, the tiger vise includes a movable jaw body and a fixed jaw body, and the movable jaw body and the fixed jaw body are fixed with a clamping block at the top.

更进一步的，所述夹块之间的距离小于固定钳口体和活动钳口体之间的距离。Further, the distance between the clamps is smaller than the distance between the fixed jaw body and the movable jaw body.

将下部夹持部的虎台钳钳口体顶部固定夹块，增大了下部夹持部与叶片的夹持面积，同时两夹块之间夹持住叶片，增大了对叶片的夹持高度，活动钳口体和固定钳口体之间可以为叶片底部的榫头留出空间，避免了榫头对大型叶片装夹的干扰。The top of the tiger vise jaw body of the lower clamping portion is fixed to the clamping block, thereby increasing the clamping area of the lower clamping portion and the blade, and clamping the blade between the two clamping blocks, thereby increasing the clamping of the blade. The height, the movable jaw body and the fixed jaw body can leave space for the hoe at the bottom of the blade, avoiding the interference of the hoe on the large blade clamping.

本发明还提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削加工装置，包括如上所述的柔性夹具。The present invention also provides a blade milling machine for large complex curved surfaces, including a flexible clamp as described above.

本发明还提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具在装夹复杂曲面薄壁工件中的应用。The invention also provides an application of a flexible jig for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling in clamping a complex curved thin-walled workpiece.

本发明还提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具的装夹方法，包括以下步骤：The invention also provides a clamping method for a flexible jig for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling, comprising the following steps:

将叶片底部固定夹持于下部夹持部，弹性夹持体柔性夹持住叶片上部侧壁；在铣削加工至临近弹性夹持体时，解除弹性夹持体对叶片的夹持力，上下移动机构带动柔性夹持部移动，预留出叶片的待加工区域供下一步铣削加工。The bottom of the blade is fixedly clamped to the lower clamping portion, and the elastic clamping body flexibly clamps the upper sidewall of the blade; when milling to the adjacent elastic clamping body, the clamping force of the elastic clamping body to the blade is released, and the upper and lower movements are moved up and down The mechanism drives the flexible clamping portion to move, and the area to be processed of the blade is reserved for the next milling process.

与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

本发明的柔性夹具结构简单，结构的稳固可靠性更强，生产方便，使用便利，支承效果好；The flexible clamp of the invention has simple structure, strong structural reliability, convenient production, convenient use and good supporting effect;

本发明的柔性夹具解决了大型叶片由于榫头的存在而不易装夹的难题，并且装夹叶片时更加稳定、牢固；The flexible jig of the invention solves the problem that the large blade is not easy to be clamped due to the presence of the hoe, and is more stable and firm when the blade is clamped;

本发明采用气体作为支承气囊的填充介质，支承气囊可以与曲面的叶片完全贴合，减少加工变形，并依靠自身的柔性，抑制加工颤振，直接降低加工噪音，减少了加工误差，提高了加工精度；The invention adopts gas as the filling medium for supporting the airbag, and the supporting airbag can completely fit the curved blade, reduce the processing deformation, and rely on its own flexibility to suppress the processing flutter, directly reduce the processing noise, reduce the processing error, and improve the processing. Accuracy

无论是机械加工前的安装调试，还是加工完成拆卸支承囊，都非常的简单易操作；本发明已系列化，在机械加工的匹配应用中对工人的操作无特殊要求，可快速的被广大工人所掌握。Whether it is the installation and debugging before machining, or the disassembly of the support bag after processing, it is very simple and easy to operate; the invention has been serialized, and there is no special requirement for the operation of the workers in the matching application of machining, and can be quickly processed by the majority of workers. Mastered.

本发明可用于航天，化工，水利，电力等行业的复杂曲面类薄壁件的加工，尤其对于飞机、船舶、精密机械装备等的轻量化加工、噪声、稳定性和可靠性要求高等的行业领域，有十分广阔的推广应用前景。The invention can be used for processing complex curved thin-walled parts in aerospace, chemical, water conservancy, electric power and other industries, especially for industries such as aircraft, ships, precision mechanical equipment, etc., which have high requirements for lightweight processing, noise, stability and reliability. There is a very broad prospect for promotion and application.

附图说明 DRAWINGS

构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in the claims of the claims

图1为本发明柔性夹具的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural view of a flexible jig of the present invention;

图2为上丝杠螺母的剖面示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the upper screw nut;

图3为下部夹持部的结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a lower clamping portion;

图中，1、工作台；2、下部夹持部；3、丝杠；4、下丝杠螺母；5、套管结构；6、上丝杠螺母；7、连接杆；8、支承气囊；9、螺母；10、气嘴；11、竖板；12、活动钳口体；13、固定钳口体；14、夹块。In the figure, 1, workbench; 2, lower clamping part; 3, screw; 4, lower screw nut; 5, casing structure; 6, upper screw nut; 7, connecting rod; 8, support airbag; 9, nut; 10, gas nozzle; 11, vertical plate; 12, movable jaw body; 13, fixed jaw body; 14, clip block.

具体实施方式detailed description

应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide a further description of the application. All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise indicated.

需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It is to be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular " " " " " " There are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在复杂曲面薄壁件加工过程中的加工振动的问题，为了解决如上的技术问题，本申请提出了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具。As described in the background art, there is a problem of machining vibration during processing of a complex curved thin-walled member in the prior art. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application proposes a flexible clamp for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling. .

本申请的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1所示，提供了一种用于复杂曲面类大型叶片铣削的柔性夹具，包括铣床工作台1，工作台1上固定有下部夹持部2，下部夹持部2上方配合设置柔性夹持部，柔性夹持部两端均与水平移动机构连接，水平移动机构端部与上下移动机构连接；柔性夹持部包括与叶片侧壁柔性贴合的弹性夹持体，弹性夹持体柔性夹持住叶片上部侧壁，下部夹持部2夹持住叶片底部；加工过程中水平移动机构和上下移动机构带动弹性夹持体调整夹持叶片的位置，以预留出待加工区域。In a typical embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1, a flexible jig for large-scale blade milling of complex curved surfaces is provided, including a milling machine table 1 on which a lower clamping portion 2 is fixed a flexible clamping portion is disposed above the lower clamping portion 2, both ends of the flexible clamping portion are connected with the horizontal moving mechanism, and the horizontal moving mechanism end is connected with the vertical moving mechanism; the flexible clamping portion includes a flexible fit with the blade sidewall The elastic clamping body, the elastic clamping body flexibly clamps the upper side wall of the blade, and the lower clamping portion 2 clamps the bottom of the blade; during the processing, the horizontal moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism drive the elastic clamping body to adjust the clamping blade Location to reserve the area to be processed.

下部夹持部2的左右两侧各固定有一根丝杠3，与工作台1螺纹连接，两根丝杠3上分别连接有三个零件，其中最下面通过螺纹连接有一个下丝杠螺母4，下丝杠螺母4上方有一个套管结构5套在丝杠3上，套管结构5上方同样有一个上丝杠螺母6，与丝杠3最下面的下丝杠螺母4对称连接在丝杠3上，丝杠3、下丝杠螺母4、上丝杠螺母6共同形成上下移动机构；A screw rod 3 is fixed to each of the left and right sides of the lower clamping portion 2, and is screwed to the table 1. The two screws 3 are respectively connected with three parts, wherein a lower screw nut 4 is connected by a screw at the bottom. There is a sleeve structure 5 above the lower screw nut 4, which is sleeved on the lead screw 3. The sleeve structure 5 also has an upper screw nut 6 which is symmetrically connected with the lower lower screw nut 4 of the screw shaft 3 at the lead screw. 3, the lead screw 3, the lower screw nut 4, the upper screw nut 6 together form an up and down moving mechanism;

套管结构5两端分别嵌入上丝杠螺母6和下丝杠螺母4的特制凹槽内，套管结构5的竖板11中央连接有支承气囊8，支承气囊8圆周外侧上有一个气嘴10，左右两侧通过硬质PVB材料连接有两根连接杆7，连接杆7为空心杆，最外端均攻有螺纹，连接在套管结构5一侧竖板11的长圆孔槽中，并由螺母9固定，气嘴10由充气头连接充、放气。套管结构5、竖板11共同组成水平移动机构，支承气囊8即为弹性夹持体，支承气囊8中部留有供叶片穿过的空腔，支承气囊8充满状态下与叶片侧壁紧密贴合。在加工过程中由于气体支承气囊的作用，可以减小了大型叶片等薄壁结构的加工变形，降低了加工中的颤振；进而解决了大型薄壁叶片铣削过程中因刚性弱而造成的加工变形大和加工表面质量难以保证等难题以及曲面零件难以装夹的问题。The two ends of the sleeve structure 5 are respectively embedded in the special grooves of the upper screw nut 6 and the lower screw nut 4, and the sleeve structure 5 A support air bag 8 is connected to the center of the riser 11 , and a gas nozzle 10 is arranged on the outer circumference of the support air bag 8 . The left and right sides are connected with two connecting rods 7 through a rigid PVB material, and the connecting rod 7 is a hollow rod, and the outermost end is attacked. Threaded, connected in the long circular hole of the vertical plate 11 on the side of the casing structure 5, and fixed by the nut 9, and the gas nozzle 10 is connected and charged by the inflation head. The sleeve structure 5 and the vertical plate 11 together constitute a horizontal moving mechanism, and the supporting air bag 8 is an elastic clamping body. The central portion of the supporting air bag 8 has a cavity through which the blade passes, and the supporting air bag 8 is closely attached to the blade side wall in a full state. Hehe. During the processing, due to the action of the gas-supporting airbag, the processing deformation of the thin-walled structure such as large blades can be reduced, and the chattering during processing can be reduced; thereby solving the processing caused by the weak rigidity in the milling process of the large-sized thin-walled blades. The problem of large deformation and difficult to ensure the quality of the machined surface and the difficulty of clamping the curved parts.

如图3所示，下部夹持部2是基于传统的虎台钳进行改造，包括虎台钳，虎台钳包括活动钳口体12和固定钳口体13，活动钳口体12和固定钳口体13顶部均固定有夹块14；活动钳口体12和固定钳口体13上均钻螺纹孔，将夹块14通过螺钉与螺纹孔的连接固定在活动钳口体12和固定钳口体13上，夹块14之间的距离小于固定钳口体13和活动钳口体12之间的距离。本发明的下部夹持部2增大了虎台钳的可夹持高度，适用于底部带有榫头的叶片，装夹适用范围更广；两夹块14之间夹持叶片，活动钳口体12和固定钳口体13之间容纳叶片的榫头，为大型叶片底部的榫头留出空间，避免了榫头对大型叶片装夹的干扰。As shown in FIG. 3, the lower clamping portion 2 is modified based on a conventional tiger vise, including a tiger vise. The tiger vise includes a movable jaw body 12 and a fixed jaw body 13, a movable jaw body 12 and a fixed jaw. The top of the mouth body 13 is fixed with a clamping block 14; the movable jaw body 12 and the fixed jaw body 13 are drilled with threaded holes, and the clamping block 14 is fixed to the movable jaw body 12 and the fixed jaw by the connection of the screw and the threaded hole. On the body 13, the distance between the jaws 14 is smaller than the distance between the fixed jaw body 13 and the movable jaw body 12. The lower clamping part 2 of the invention increases the clampable height of the tiger vise, and is suitable for the blade with the hoe at the bottom, and the clamping range is wider; the clamping piece between the two clamping blocks 14 and the movable jaw body The boring head that accommodates the blade between the 12 and the fixed jaw body 13 leaves room for the hoe of the bottom of the large blade, thereby avoiding the interference of the hoe on the clamping of the large blade.

丝杠3通过螺纹连接在工作台1上，位于下部夹持部2的左右两侧且距离下部夹持部2较远的距离，保证在走刀过程中，丝杠3不会干涉刀架的运动，又因为丝杠3类似于悬臂梁结构，应选用刚性较大的碳钢或者合金钢为材料，且丝杠3的高度应大于大型叶片的高度，保证本发明适用于叶片的全部铣削加工过程，丝杠3上的下丝杠螺母4和上丝杠螺母6可以旋转升降，从而利于调整套管结构5的高度。The lead screw 3 is screwed on the table 1 at the left and right sides of the lower clamping portion 2 and at a distance from the lower clamping portion 2 to ensure that the screw 3 does not interfere with the tool holder during the cutting process. Movement, and because the lead screw 3 is similar to the cantilever beam structure, the carbon steel or alloy steel with greater rigidity should be selected as the material, and the height of the lead screw 3 should be greater than the height of the large blade to ensure that the invention is suitable for all milling of the blade. In the process, the lower spindle nut 4 and the upper screw nut 6 on the lead screw 3 can be rotated up and down, thereby facilitating adjustment of the height of the sleeve structure 5.

下丝杠螺母4和上丝杠螺母6通过螺纹与丝杠3连接，每根丝杠3上有两个下丝杠螺母4和上丝杠螺母6，上下对称分布，中间夹有套管结构5，下丝杠螺母4主要负责升降套管结构5，上丝杠螺母6主要负责配合下丝杠螺母4压紧套管结构5，因此，下丝杠螺母4和上丝杠螺母6必须成对配合使用，其中下丝杠螺母4和上丝杠螺母6结构相同，如图2所示，下丝杠螺母4和上丝杠螺母6一端分别带有第二凹槽和第一凹槽，第二凹槽和第一凹槽为特制圆槽，方便放置套管结构5。The lower lead screw nut 4 and the upper lead screw nut 6 are connected to the lead screw 3 by threads, and each of the lead screws 3 has two lower lead screw nuts 4 and an upper screw nut 6 which are symmetrically distributed vertically, and a sleeve structure is sandwiched therebetween. 5, the lower screw nut 4 is mainly responsible for the lifting sleeve structure 5, the upper screw nut 6 is mainly responsible for the lower screw nut 4 to press the sleeve structure 5, therefore, the lower screw nut 4 and the upper screw nut 6 must be For the cooperation, wherein the lower screw nut 4 and the upper screw nut 6 have the same structure, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower screw nut 4 and the upper screw nut 6 have a second groove and a first groove, respectively. The second groove and the first groove are special round grooves for conveniently placing the sleeve structure 5.

套管结构5采用钢管制成，套管结构5与一块带孔槽的竖板11焊接连接，竖板11采用钢板制成，其中钢管的一侧焊接有平行于管套轴线的竖板11，竖板11中间开有孔槽，利于快速且无间隙的调整、固定连接杆7，套管结构5可以自由旋转从而保证连接杆7与竖板11垂直，保证螺母9与竖板11完全接触。The casing structure 5 is made of steel pipe, the casing structure 5 is welded and connected to a vertical plate 11 with a hole groove, and the vertical plate 11 is made of steel plate, wherein one side of the steel pipe is welded with a vertical plate 11 parallel to the axis of the sleeve. The vertical direction of the vertical plate 11 is opened, which facilitates quick and gapless adjustment and fixing of the connecting rod 7. The sleeve structure 5 can be freely rotated to ensure that the connecting rod 7 is perpendicular to the vertical plate 11 and the nut 9 is completely in contact with the vertical plate 11.

连接杆7为空心杆，一般用钢管，减小其自身质量的同时，不会降低它的刚度，连接杆7一端通过硬质PVB材料连接在支承气囊8两侧，另一端攻有螺纹。The connecting rod 7 is a hollow rod, generally made of steel pipe, which reduces its own quality without reducing its rigidity, and is connected. One end of the rod 7 is connected to both sides of the support air bag 8 by a rigid PVB material, and the other end is threaded.

支承气囊8为椭圆形支撑囊，内部为等厚度环形空腔，支承气囊8中支承介质为空气，支承气囊8可以与大型叶片的曲面待加工面完全贴合，加强大型叶片刚度的同时，还可以利用自身的柔性减弱或者抑制叶片的颤振，支承气囊8椭圆形长轴两端外侧通过硬质PVB材料与连接杆7连接，增大了支承气囊8的刚度。The supporting air bag 8 is an elliptical supporting bag, and the inside is an annular cavity of equal thickness. The supporting medium in the supporting air bag 8 is air, and the supporting air bag 8 can completely conform to the curved surface to be processed of the large blade, and strengthens the rigidity of the large blade at the same time. The flexibleness of the blade can be weakened or suppressed, and the outer sides of the elliptical long axis of the supporting airbag 8 are connected to the connecting rod 7 through the rigid PVB material, which increases the rigidity of the supporting airbag 8.

支承气囊8的材料可以是丁基橡胶，材料具有气密性好，不易漏气，不易氧化，经久耐用的优点，支承气囊8的外侧有一个气嘴10，方便支承囊的充气与放气，并且支承气囊8可以加工成各种型号，自成一个系列，适配于各个尺寸的叶片结构。The material of the supporting air bag 8 may be butyl rubber. The material has good airtightness, is not easy to leak, is not easy to be oxidized, and has the advantage of durability. The outer side of the supporting air bag 8 has a gas nozzle 10 for facilitating inflation and deflation of the supporting bag. And the support air bag 8 can be processed into various models and is self-contained into a series, which is adapted to the blade structure of each size.

气嘴10采用美式气嘴，美式气嘴与美式充气头配合；利用气压逆向封闭原理，主要靠支承囊内压顶力锁死，耐高压、漏气线性较陡，即气压不够时漏气更快，并且气嘴10充气流量大，配备美式充气头，充气的效率非常高。The air nozzle 10 adopts an American air nozzle, and the American air nozzle cooperates with the American inflatable head; the reverse pressure sealing principle is mainly used to lock the dead pressure in the support capsule, and the high pressure resistance and the air leakage linearity are steep, that is, the air leakage is faster when the air pressure is insufficient. And the gas nozzle 10 has a large inflation flow and is equipped with an American inflatable head, and the efficiency of the inflation is very high.

本申请的另一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削加工装置，包括如上所述的柔性夹具。In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a blade milling machine for large complex curved surfaces is provided, including a flexible clamp as described above.

本申请的另一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具在装夹复杂曲面薄壁工件中的应用。In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a flexible jig for large complex curved surface blade milling is provided for use in clamping complex curved thin-walled workpieces.

本申请的另一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具的装夹方法，包括以下步骤：In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a clamping method for a flexible jig for large complex curved surface blade milling is provided, comprising the following steps:

为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案，以下将结合具体的操作过程详细说明本申请的技术方案。In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific operational procedures.

利用本发明的柔性夹具在加工过程中的装夹的步骤过程为：The steps of the clamping process using the flexible jig of the present invention during processing are:

将大型叶片的底部(榫头上方的凸台)固定在下部夹持部2上。The bottom of the large blade (the boss above the hoe) is fixed to the lower nip 2.

分别旋转丝杠3上的上丝杠螺母6升至高于大型叶片的高度处。The upper screw nut 6 on the rotating screw 3 is respectively raised to a height higher than that of the large blade.

分别旋转丝杠3上的下丝杠螺母4，连同套管结构5一齐升至大型叶片的顶端处。The lower spindle nut 4 on the screw 3 is separately rotated, together with the sleeve structure 5, to the top end of the large blade.

将处于未充气状态的支承气囊8套在大型叶片顶端偏下的位置，支承气囊8的上方预留出待加工区域，调节下丝杠螺母4即调节套管结构5的高度，连接杆7的两端分别***套管结构5的孔槽内，调节套管结构5的转角以及连接杆7在孔槽的位置，使连接杆7垂直于套管结构5的孔槽壁，然后在孔槽的两侧用两个螺母9将连接杆7固定。The support air bag 8 in the uninflated state is placed at a position below the top end of the large blade, the area to be processed is reserved above the support air bag 8, and the lower screw nut 4 is adjusted to adjust the height of the sleeve structure 5, and the connecting rod 7 is The two ends are respectively inserted into the slots of the sleeve structure 5, the rotation angle of the sleeve structure 5 and the position of the connecting rod 7 in the slot are adjusted, so that the connecting rod 7 is perpendicular to the slot wall of the sleeve structure 5, and then in the slot The connecting rod 7 is fixed by two nuts 9 on both sides.

然后将丝杠3上的上丝杠螺母6向下旋转至与套管结构5接触并与下丝杠螺母4配合夹紧套管结构5。The upper screw nut 6 on the lead screw 3 is then rotated downwardly into contact with the sleeve structure 5 and with the lower spindle nut 4 The sleeve structure 5 is clamped.

通过美式充气头与气嘴10的连接，利用气泵以及气压控制阀等设备为支承气囊8充气，使支承气囊8内气压达到15kPa，处正常工作状态。Through the connection between the American inflation head and the air nozzle 10, the airbag 8 is inflated by means of an air pump and a pneumatic control valve, and the air pressure in the support airbag 8 reaches 15 kPa, and the normal working state is performed.

随着加工的正常进行，当待加工区域快到支承气囊8附近时，需暂停机床加工，将支承气囊8内的气体抽出，然后松开固定连接杆7的螺母9，之后将丝杠3的下丝杠螺母4向下旋转，套管结构5连同连接杆7与支承气囊8一齐下移，继续预留出待加工区域。As the processing progresses normally, when the area to be processed is approaching the vicinity of the supporting airbag 8, the machining of the machine tool is suspended, the gas in the support airbag 8 is withdrawn, and then the nut 9 of the fixed connecting rod 7 is loosened, and then the screw 3 of the fixed connecting rod 7 is loosened. The lower spindle nut 4 is rotated downwards, and the sleeve structure 5, together with the connecting rod 7, moves down with the support airbag 8, and continues to reserve the area to be processed.

重复以上步骤，直至加工完成。Repeat the above steps until the processing is complete.

以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。 The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, and various changes and modifications may be made to the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削的柔性夹具，其特征是，包括设置于工作台的下部夹持部，下部夹持部上方配合设置柔性夹持部，所述柔性夹持部两端均与水平移动机构连接，水平移动机构端部与上下移动机构连接；A flexible clamp for large-scale complex curved surface blade milling, characterized in that it comprises a lower clamping portion disposed on a table, and a flexible clamping portion is disposed above the lower clamping portion, and both ends of the flexible clamping portion are Connected to the horizontal moving mechanism, and the end of the horizontal moving mechanism is connected with the vertical moving mechanism;

所述柔性夹持部包括与叶片侧壁柔性贴合的弹性夹持体，弹性夹持体柔性夹持住叶片上部侧壁，下部夹持部夹持住叶片底部；加工过程中水平移动机构和上下移动机构带动弹性夹持体调整夹持叶片的位置，以预留出待加工区域。The flexible clamping portion comprises an elastic clamping body that is flexibly fitted to the side wall of the blade, the elastic clamping body is flexible to clamp the upper side wall of the blade, and the lower clamping portion clamps the bottom of the blade; the horizontal moving mechanism during processing and The up and down moving mechanism drives the elastic clamping body to adjust the position of the clamping blade to reserve the area to be processed.
如权利要求1所述的柔性夹具，其特征是，所述弹性夹持体为支承气囊，支承气囊中部留有供叶片穿过的空腔，支承气囊充满状态下与叶片侧壁紧密贴合；优选的，所述支承气囊为椭圆形结构。The flexible jig according to claim 1, wherein the elastic clamping body is a supporting air bag, and a cavity is provided in the middle of the supporting air bag for the blade to pass through, and the supporting air bag is in close contact with the side wall of the blade; Preferably, the support airbag has an elliptical structure.
如权利要求2所述的柔性夹具，其特征是，所述支承气囊侧部带有气嘴，气嘴与充气机构连通。The flexible jig according to claim 2, wherein said support air bag has a gas nozzle at a side thereof, and said air nozzle is in communication with said inflation mechanism.
如权利要求1所述的柔性夹具，其特征是，所述上下移动机构包括固设于工作上的丝杠，所述丝杠上配合设置上丝杠螺母和下丝杠螺母，所述下丝杠螺母上部支撑水平移动机构，上丝杠螺母与下丝杠螺母配合将水平移动机构夹紧。The flexible jig according to claim 1, wherein the up-and-down moving mechanism comprises a screw fixed to the work, and the lead screw is provided with a screw nut and a lower screw nut, the lower wire The upper part of the lever nut supports the horizontal moving mechanism, and the upper screw nut and the lower screw nut cooperate to clamp the horizontal moving mechanism.
如权利要求4所述的柔性夹具，其特征是，所述水平移动机构包括套设于丝杠的套管结构，所述套管结构侧壁连接带长圆孔槽的竖板；所述套管结构顶部与上丝杠螺母配合，套管结构底部与下丝杠螺母配合。A flexible clamp according to claim 4, wherein said horizontal moving mechanism comprises a sleeve structure sleeved on a lead screw, said side wall of said sleeve structure being connected to a riser having a long circular groove; said sleeve The top of the structure is matched with the upper screw nut, and the bottom of the sleeve structure is matched with the lower screw nut.
如权利要求5所述的柔性夹具，其特征是，所述弹性夹持体两端均设有连接杆，连接杆固定连接于竖板的长圆孔槽处；The flexible clamp according to claim 5, wherein the elastic clamping body is provided with connecting rods at both ends, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the long circular hole of the vertical plate;

进一步的，所述上丝杠螺母顶部带有第一凹槽，所述下丝杠螺母底部带有第二凹槽，套管结构夹设于第一凹槽和第二凹槽之间。Further, the top of the upper screw nut has a first groove, and the bottom of the lower screw nut has a second groove, and the sleeve structure is sandwiched between the first groove and the second groove.
如权利要求1所述的柔性夹具，其特征是，所述下部夹持部包括虎台钳，所述虎台钳包括活动钳口体和固定钳口体，所述活动钳口体和固定钳口体顶部均固定有夹块；A flexible clamp according to claim 1, wherein said lower clamping portion comprises a tiger vise, said tiger vise comprising a movable jaw body and a fixed jaw body, said movable jaw body and a fixed jaw a clip is fixed on the top of the mouth;

更进一步的，所述夹块之间的距离小于固定钳口体和活动钳口体之间的距离。Further, the distance between the clamps is smaller than the distance between the fixed jaw body and the movable jaw body.
一种用于大型复杂曲面类叶片铣削加工装置，包括如权利要求1-7任一项所述的柔性夹具。A large-scale complex surface type blade milling apparatus comprising the flexible fixture of any one of claims 1-7.
如权利要求1-7任一项所述的柔性夹具在装夹复杂曲面薄壁工件中的应用。The use of a flexible jig according to any of claims 1-7 for mounting a complex curved thin-walled workpiece.
如权利要求1-7任一项所述的柔性夹具的装夹方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：A method of attaching a flexible jig according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

将叶片底部固定夹持于下部夹持部，弹性夹持体柔性夹持住叶片上部侧壁；在铣削加工至临近弹性夹持体时，解除弹性夹持体对叶片的夹持力，上下移动机构带动柔性夹持部移动，预留出叶片的待加工区域供下一步铣削加工。 The bottom of the blade is fixedly clamped to the lower clamping portion, and the elastic clamping body flexibly clamps the upper sidewall of the blade; when milling to the adjacent elastic clamping body, the clamping force of the elastic clamping body to the blade is released, and the upper and lower movements are moved up and down The mechanism drives the flexible clamping portion to move, and the area to be processed of the blade is reserved for the next milling process.