WO2018145543A1 - Dual heat source hybrid welding torch and welding method - Google Patents

Dual heat source hybrid welding torch and welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018145543A1
WO2018145543A1 PCT/CN2018/000063 CN2018000063W WO2018145543A1 WO 2018145543 A1 WO2018145543 A1 WO 2018145543A1 CN 2018000063 W CN2018000063 W CN 2018000063W WO 2018145543 A1 WO2018145543 A1 WO 2018145543A1
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electrode
welding
arc
torch
heat source
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PCT/CN2018/000063
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王长春
陈卓勤
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王长春
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a welding device, in particular to a welding torch for a plasma arc (PAW) and a molten arc arc MIG (GMAW) dual heat source, and a method for welding by using a composite torch.
  • a welding device in particular to a welding torch for a plasma arc (PAW) and a molten arc arc MIG (GMAW) dual heat source, and a method for welding by using a composite torch.
  • PAW plasma arc
  • GMAW molten arc arc MIG
  • the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) MIG process has a continuous, self-feeding molten electrode that is shielded from the ambient atmosphere by an external supply of gas.
  • the metal transitions from the molten electrode to the workpiece being welded through three basic modes: (a) short circuit transition, (b) particle transition, and (c) jet transition.
  • the best working mode is the injection transition mode.
  • the so-called MIG welding injection mode means that the metal enters the molten pool of the workpiece to be welded from the molten electrode in a highly oriented droplet flow manner, the arc force accelerates the droplet, and can overcome the gravity effect of the metal droplet.
  • MIG welding has a series of problems such as small weld penetration, large welding deformation, and large heat input, and is usually applied to workpieces that are insensitive to heat input.
  • Plasma arc welding PAW is a welding method developed on the basis of tungsten argon arc welding.
  • the heat source for plasma arc welding is obtained by compressing and strengthening the tungsten arc to obtain an arc plasma with higher ionization degree.
  • the compressed arc has a more concentrated energy density and a higher temperature.
  • Plasma arc welding is widely used because of its high arc energy density and strong penetrating power. It is a high-quality "small hole welding method. It has a deep penetration and a deep weld when welding 3 to 12 mm thick plates. The advantages of large / wide ratio, narrow heat-affected zone, small deformation of the workpiece, and many types of weldable materials, but the welding efficiency is lower than that of GMAW welding. The main disadvantage of the PAW process is low efficiency, "small hole” penetration mode. The welding speed is limited by the physical conditions in the weld pool.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,756,311 describes a composite arc welding using at least two inert gas shielded arcs arranged in series, wherein a front arc (MIG) achieves penetration and a rear arc (TIG) is filled by a wire, but such welding The way does not substantially increase the penetration.
  • MIG front arc
  • TIG rear arc
  • the patent uses different types of "focus" magnetic coils around the TIG torch and is arranged coaxially with the tungsten electrode, but this only stabilizes the TIG arc, so the double arc cannot maintain mutual stability during the soldering process. This results in a significant reduction in the speed and penetration of the composite weld.
  • 3,519,780 also utilizes a TIG arc and MIG arc hybrid welding method in which two separate torches are used to apply different pulses for MIG and TIG in a certain sequence.
  • two welding torches since two welding torches are used, there is no electromagnetic control between the two arcs, so there is no obvious effect of increasing the penetration.
  • TIG and MIG dual arc hybrid welding techniques maintain an uncompressed plasma arc between the non-melted electrode and the workpiece, while the molten electrode end and the MIG arc are both immersed in the plasma stream.
  • the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode must have the same polarity, and at the same time, since the molten electrode is preheated in the plasma arc region, the deposition speed of the electrode is increased, although this technique suppresses the MIG arc. Splash, but also did not increase the penetration, the welding speed did not increase significantly.
  • a dual heat source hybrid welding technique (U.S. Patent No. 7,235,758), which is similar to the present invention, provides a hybrid welding device (in the direction of welding) with a plasma arc in front and a MIG arc in a trailing manner.
  • the distance at which the two arcs intersect the workpiece is controlled by a fixed magnetic shield.
  • the technique is difficult to work stably over a wide range of operating current parameters.
  • adjusting the magnetic shield separately does not easily stabilize the double arc in the common bath, so it is difficult to promote the application on the production line.
  • the plasma arc is compressed, has a higher energy density and has a weld penetration compared to the TIG arc, and the use of a plasma arc in the hybrid welding process can increase the weld penetration, which improves the composite.
  • Welding quality is very important; at the same time, the stability of plasma arc PAW and MIG arc in the common bath is an important condition for achieving high quality composite welding quality and efficiency, but the existing various plasma arc PAW and MIG arc hybrid welding
  • the device is difficult to form, or it is difficult to stabilize the common molten pool of the molten electrode and the non-melted electrode, so that not only the weld penetration and the welding efficiency cannot be fundamentally improved, but also it is difficult to achieve good welding quality, which limits the popularization and application of these technologies.
  • the present invention provides a dual heat source composite welding torch which places a plasma arc and a MIG arc in the same molten pool by adjusting the spacing of the two electrodes and the shape of the magnetic shield. Improve the stability of the double arc common body molten pool and improve the quality of the composite welding.
  • a dual heat source composite welding torch comprises a torch body, wherein a non-melting electrode and a melting electrode are arranged on the torch body in front of and behind the welding direction, and an angle between the axis of the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is an acute angle, An arc is formed between the molten electrode and the molten electrode and the workpiece to form a common molten pool, and the arc impact point spacing of the two arcs on the workpiece plane is D;
  • the arc is stabilized by adjusting the spacing D and adjusting the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc.
  • the spacing D is achieved by an electrode spacing adjustment device, and the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc is achieved by adjusting the shape of the magnetic shield disposed on the electrode.
  • the angle between the axis of the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is not more than 60°, and the spacing D is adjusted to be 3-15 mm.
  • the non-melting electrode is a plasma electrode, which comprises a tungsten electrode, a tungsten collet, a cooling water channel, a protective gas sleeve and a compression nozzle.
  • the center of the compression nozzle is fixed with a tungsten electrode through a tungsten collet, and the cooling water channel is wrapped outside the tungsten collet.
  • the protective air jacket is wrapped on the outside of the cooling water channel.
  • the molten electrode is a MIG electrode, which comprises a conductive nozzle, a wire tube and a protective gas sleeve.
  • the wire tube is disposed in a middle portion of the conductive nozzle, and a protective gas sleeve is disposed around the conductive nozzle to form a protective air passage between the protective gas sleeve and the conductive nozzle.
  • a wire is disposed in the wire tube and protrudes from the contact tip.
  • the electrode spacing adjusting device comprises an adjusting nut fixed on the torch body and an adjusting screw fixed on the melting electrode by the adjusting slider, and the adjusting screw is screwed into the adjusting nut, and the relative position of the adjusting bolt and the adjusting nut is adjusted to achieve Adjustment of the spacing D.
  • the magnetic shield is a magnetic shield that is wrapped around the outside of the non-melted electrode.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a plasma arc and MIG arc dual heat source hybrid welding method, which can achieve higher efficiency and better welding quality than plasma arc welding alone and MIG welding alone, and has a large melting. Deep, high efficiency, low heat input, low spatter, etc., and expand the scope of application, can be welded from thin to medium plate, as well as a variety of high-strength steel, low-melting metal.
  • a method for realizing composite welding by using a dual heat source comprising the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a dual heat source hybrid welding system, comprising the above composite torch, plasma power source, MIG power source, wire feeding mechanism, robot and controller, wherein the plasma power source and the MIG power source together form a dual heat source, a plasma power source and The MIG power supply is respectively connected to the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode in the composite welding torch, and the composite welding torch is mounted on the robot.
  • the composite welding torch, the plasma power source, the MIG power source, the wire feeding mechanism and the robot are respectively connected to the controller, and the wire feeding mechanism is The molten electrode in the composite torch provides a wire.
  • the above dual heat source hybrid welding system performs welding methods, including using an equal current control MIG power source, using a plasma controlled plasma power supply for composite welding, and the like to control the MIG power supply, that is, maintaining the current during the welding process, in the welding groove size
  • the wire feeding speed in the wire tube of the MIG electrode on the welding torch is constant; the plasma power supply of the voltage control, that is, the plasma voltage is maintained during the welding process, and the welding groove size is changed.
  • the plasma arc intensity on the torch is kept constant, thereby maintaining the plasma arc stable.
  • the present invention relates to a composite welding system utilizing plasma arc welding and a molten MIG welding dual heat source, comprising a composite torch and a control system for plasma arc welding (PAW) and a molten MIG arc dual heat source.
  • PAW plasma arc welding
  • molten MIG arc dual heat source a composite welding system utilizing plasma arc welding and a molten MIG welding dual heat source.
  • the distance between the incident points of the two arcs on the workpiece is controllable, and the arc is controlled in the common pool by controlling the distance between the incident points of the two electrodes on the workpiece. Stability, the distance is 3-15mm.
  • a stable double arc can be established relatively easily in the common bath by the electrode spacing adjusting device and the magnetic shielding member.
  • the welding process increases the penetration depth and greatly improves the welding efficiency of the molten arc welding wire.
  • the welding process improves the efficiency while increasing the quality because of the increased penetration.
  • the present invention provides a composite welding method using plasma arc welding and a molten MIG welding dual heat source, that is, a composite torch using the present invention, an MIG power source controlled by an equal current, and a plasma power source controlled by an equal voltage. Welding method. In the case of a change in the size of the welding groove, the wire feeding speed of the torch MIG can be maintained during the welding process while maintaining the plasma arc stable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite torch according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a hybrid welding system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a dual heat source composite torch which is a plasma arc and a molten MIG arc composite torch, which combines PAW and MIG welding in the same overall torch. And the stability of the plasma arc and the MIG arc in the common pool is improved by controlling the distance D between the arc impact points on the surface of the workpiece during the welding process, thereby improving the welding coupling efficiency of the dual heat source.
  • the composite torch includes:
  • the center of the compression nozzle 116 is fixed with a tungsten electrode 111 through the tungsten collet 112, the cooling water channel 112 is wrapped outside the tungsten collet 112, and the protective gas jacket 114 is wrapped outside the cooling water channel 113, and the magnetic shielding sleeve 115 Wrapped on the outside of the protective gas jacket 114.
  • the melting electrode includes a wire tube 121, a conductive nozzle 122, a protective air channel 123 and a protective gas sleeve 124.
  • the wire tube 121 is disposed at a middle portion of the conductive nozzle 122.
  • a protective gas jacket 124 is disposed around the conductive nozzle 122 to protect the gas sleeve 124.
  • a protective air passage 123 is formed with the contact tip 122, and a wire is disposed in the wire tube 121 and protrudes from the contact tip 122.
  • An electrode spacing adjusting device for adjusting a distance between the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode comprising an adjusting screw 132, an adjusting nut 133 and an adjusting slider 131; the adjusting nut 133 is fixed on the torch body, and the adjusting screw 132 is fixed by the adjusting slider 131 On the molten electrode, the adjusting screw 132 is screwed into the adjusting nut 133, and the adjustment of the distance between the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is achieved by adjusting the relative positions of the adjusting screw 132 and the adjusting nut 133.
  • the distance between the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode refers to the distance D between the impact points of the arc generated by the two electrodes in the common molten pool on the workpiece to be welded, and the D value is between 3-15 mm.
  • This distance D ranges from 3 to 15 mm and is suitable for a plasma current range of 1 to 400 A and a MIG current of 50 to 750 A.
  • the magnitude of the electromagnetic force is inversely proportional to the distance between the two arcs and proportional to the current of the two arcs; the application of a transverse magnetic field in the arc region by the magnetic shield cancels the relationship between the two arcs The electromagnetic force, thereby mitigating the effect of the MIG arc on the plasma arc.
  • the spacing D between the incident points of the two electrodes and the intensity of the transverse magnetic field can be adjusted by the adjusting device to reduce the influence of the electromagnetic force on the arc.
  • the effect of the MIG arc on the plasma arc is actually mitigated.
  • the operation of adjusting the distance D between the two electrodes by the adjusting device is simpler and the effect is more direct.
  • the plasma power source connected to the tungsten electrode 111 preferably has a constant current output characteristic to provide a stable plasma arc
  • the MIG power source connected to the contact tip 122 preferably has a constant voltage output characteristic, thereby ensuring that the length of the MIG arc is stable.
  • the wire feeding speed is also stable. This is because the power source connecting the tungsten electrode 111 and the contact tip 122 is connected to the workpiece, and the shape change of the weld zone may cause voltage fluctuation of the plasma power source and current fluctuation of the MIG power source, which may affect the soldering quality.
  • the pitch D can be controlled by directly adjusting the pitch of the two electrodes and the magnetic shield regardless of the arc power, current direction, processing speed, material and the shape of the welded joint, which is different from All the prior art solutions that do not have the function of adjusting the distance D are different from the technical solutions that can only adopt one kind of adjustment mode. In fact, it is not easy or very difficult to adopt only one technical measure. It is not convenient to find the best distance D.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a composite welding system including the composite welding torch 3, the plasma power source 1, the molten metal MIG power source 2, the wire feeding mechanism 4, the robot 5 and the controller 6, described in Embodiment 1.
  • the plasma power source 1 and the molten metal MIG power source 2 together form a dual welding heat source, and the composite welding torch 3 is mounted on the robot 5, and the plasma power source 1 and the molten metal MIG power source 2, the wire feeding mechanism 4, and the robot 5 are connected to the controller 6, and the composite
  • the welding torch 3 is connected to the plasma power source 1, the molten metal MIG power source 2 and the wire feeding mechanism 4, the composite welding torch 3 is provided with water cooling, and the water cooling pipe of the composite welding torch 3 is connected to the power water cooling system.

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Abstract

A dual heat source hybrid welding torch (3), comprising a consumable electrode and a non-consumable electrode; the axes of the two electrodes form an acute angle of smaller than 60 degrees; the consumable electrode and the non-consumable electrode respectively establish an electric arc with a workpiece, and a common molten pool is formed; the distance between the electric arc impact points of the two electric arcs on the plane of the workpiece is D; and the electric arcs are stabilized by means of an adjusting device for adjusting the distance between the two electrodes and a magnetic shielding piece for applying a transverse magnetic field between the two electrodes. Further disclosed are a manner for achieving a hybrid welding by using dual heat sources, a dual heat source hybrid welding system comprising the dual heat source hybrid welding torch, and a method for welding by using the dual heat source hybrid welding system. The use of the hybrid welding system comprising the dual heat source hybrid welding torch can, according to parameter conditions of the welding operation, reduce the affects of electromagnetic force on the electric arcs by means of the described adjusting device and reduce the affects of MIG electronic arcs on plasma electric arcs.

Description

一种双热源复合焊炬及焊接方法Dual heat source composite welding torch and welding method 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种焊接装置，尤其涉及一种等离子电弧(PAW)和熔化极电弧MIG(GMAW)双热源复合焊接的焊炬，以及采用复合焊炬进行焊接的方法。The invention relates to a welding device, in particular to a welding torch for a plasma arc (PAW) and a molten arc arc MIG (GMAW) dual heat source, and a method for welding by using a composite torch.
背景技术Background technique
MIG焊接技术已经众所周知许多年并且被广泛用在工业应用中。气体金属电弧焊(GMAW)的MIG工艺有连续、自动进给的熔化电极，该熔化电极通过外供气体与环境气氛屏蔽隔开。金属从熔化电极通过以下三种基本模式过渡到被焊工件：(a)短路过渡，(b)颗粒过渡，(c)喷射过渡。其中，最佳的工作模式是喷射过渡模式。所谓的MIG焊接喷射模式是指金属从熔化极电极以高度定向的液滴流方式进入被焊工件的熔池里，电弧力对液滴有加速效果，并且可以克服金属液滴的重力作用。但是，当金属液滴的沉积速度及其增速随着焊接电流增大而变大时，就会导致电极过度熔化，破坏焊缝质量。另外，MIG焊接通常需要尺寸较大的坡口，根据焊接速度和材料厚度，需要利用不同坡口类型并且进行多道次焊接。总而言之，由于MIG焊接存在焊接熔深小、焊接变形大、热输入量大等一系列问题，通常应用于对热输入不敏感的工件加工。MIG welding technology has been known for many years and is widely used in industrial applications. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) MIG process has a continuous, self-feeding molten electrode that is shielded from the ambient atmosphere by an external supply of gas. The metal transitions from the molten electrode to the workpiece being welded through three basic modes: (a) short circuit transition, (b) particle transition, and (c) jet transition. Among them, the best working mode is the injection transition mode. The so-called MIG welding injection mode means that the metal enters the molten pool of the workpiece to be welded from the molten electrode in a highly oriented droplet flow manner, the arc force accelerates the droplet, and can overcome the gravity effect of the metal droplet. However, when the deposition rate of the metal droplets and the rate of increase thereof become larger as the welding current increases, the electrode is excessively melted and the quality of the weld is broken. In addition, MIG welding usually requires a larger groove, depending on the welding speed and material thickness, it is necessary to use different groove types and perform multiple passes. In summary, MIG welding has a series of problems such as small weld penetration, large welding deformation, and large heat input, and is usually applied to workpieces that are insensitive to heat input.
等离子弧焊PAW是在钨极氩弧焊的基础上发展起来的一种焊接方法。等离子弧焊用的热源是将钨极电弧压缩强化之后而获得电离度更高的电弧等离子体，经压缩的电弧其能量密度更为集中，温度更高。Plasma arc welding PAW is a welding method developed on the basis of tungsten argon arc welding. The heat source for plasma arc welding is obtained by compressing and strengthening the tungsten arc to obtain an arc plasma with higher ionization degree. The compressed arc has a more concentrated energy density and a higher temperature.
等离子弧焊因为其电弧能量密度高、穿透能力强因而得到广泛应用，是一种高质量的“小孔焊接方法，在焊接3～12毫米厚的板材时具有熔深大、焊缝的深/宽比大、热影响区窄、工件变形小等优势，可焊材料种类多。但是相比GMAW焊接，其焊接效率较低。PAW工艺主要缺点是效率低，“小孔”穿透模式的焊接速 度受到在熔池中的物理状况的限制。Plasma arc welding is widely used because of its high arc energy density and strong penetrating power. It is a high-quality "small hole welding method. It has a deep penetration and a deep weld when welding 3 to 12 mm thick plates. The advantages of large / wide ratio, narrow heat-affected zone, small deformation of the workpiece, and many types of weldable materials, but the welding efficiency is lower than that of GMAW welding. The main disadvantage of the PAW process is low efficiency, "small hole" penetration mode. The welding speed is limited by the physical conditions in the weld pool.
已知的是，常用的MIG焊接与等离子弧焊接(PAW)或钨惰性气体(TIG)焊接的组合可以改善焊接熔合效果并提高生产率。It is known that the combination of conventional MIG welding with plasma arc welding (PAW) or tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding can improve weld fusion and increase productivity.
美国专利US2,756,311描述了一种复合电弧焊，采用了至少两个串列布置的惰性气体保护电弧，其中前电弧(MIG)实现穿透，后电弧(TIG)通过焊丝填充，但这种焊接方式并没有实质性地增加熔深。该专利采用不同类型的“聚焦”磁线圈围绕TIG焊炬，并且与钨电极采用同轴方式布置，但是，这只稳定了TIG电弧，因此在焊接过程中双电弧无法维持相互间的稳定，这就导致复合焊接速度和熔深显著减小。美国专利US3,519,780同样采用TIG电弧和MIG电弧的复合焊接方式，其做法是采用两个单独焊炬、按照一定顺序施加用于MIG和TIG的不同脉冲。但由于是采用两个焊炬，在两个电弧之间没有任何电磁控制，因此也没有明显的增加熔深的效果。U.S. Patent No. 2,756,311 describes a composite arc welding using at least two inert gas shielded arcs arranged in series, wherein a front arc (MIG) achieves penetration and a rear arc (TIG) is filled by a wire, but such welding The way does not substantially increase the penetration. The patent uses different types of "focus" magnetic coils around the TIG torch and is arranged coaxially with the tungsten electrode, but this only stabilizes the TIG arc, so the double arc cannot maintain mutual stability during the soldering process. This results in a significant reduction in the speed and penetration of the composite weld. U.S. Patent No. 3,519,780 also utilizes a TIG arc and MIG arc hybrid welding method in which two separate torches are used to apply different pulses for MIG and TIG in a certain sequence. However, since two welding torches are used, there is no electromagnetic control between the two arcs, so there is no obvious effect of increasing the penetration.
另外一些公开的TIG与MIG双电弧复合焊接技术，是在非熔化电极和工件之间保持未被压缩的等离子电弧，而熔化电极端与MIG电弧都浸没在等离子体流中。在这种情况下非熔化电极和熔化电极必须具有相同的极性，而同时因为熔化电极在等离子弧具区内受到预热，因此增加了电极的沉积速度，这种技术虽然抑制了MIG电弧的飞溅，但同样并没有增加熔深，焊接速度也没有显著提高。Other disclosed TIG and MIG dual arc hybrid welding techniques maintain an uncompressed plasma arc between the non-melted electrode and the workpiece, while the molten electrode end and the MIG arc are both immersed in the plasma stream. In this case, the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode must have the same polarity, and at the same time, since the molten electrode is preheated in the plasma arc region, the deposition speed of the electrode is increased, although this technique suppresses the MIG arc. Splash, but also did not increase the penetration, the welding speed did not increase significantly.
另外还有一些采用熔化电极和非熔化电极双电弧(等离子电弧或者TIG电弧)两个焊炬同时焊接的技术，即MIG和PAW或者TIG串列布置而且两个电弧各自形成自己的熔池，其主要构思是一个用于表面预热，另一个用于实际焊接，在焊炬之间保持恒定距离，PAW或者TIG焊炬相对于工件的角度可以调整，MIG则可以按照与PAW或者TIG焊不同的参数进行焊接。但这些技术由于没 有对电弧之间的距离进行控制，没有形成共有的熔池，因此同样也没有增加熔深，焊接速度也没有显著提高。There are also some techniques for simultaneous welding of two torches of a molten electrode and a non-melting electrode (plasma arc or TIG arc), that is, MIG and PAW or TIG are arranged in series and each of the two arcs forms its own molten pool. The main idea is one for surface preheating, the other for actual welding, maintaining a constant distance between the torches, the angle of the PAW or TIG torch relative to the workpiece can be adjusted, and the MIG can be different from the PAW or TIG welding. The parameters are welded. However, since these techniques do not control the distance between the arcs and do not form a common molten pool, the penetration is not increased, and the welding speed is not significantly improved.
与本发明比较接近的一种双热源复合焊接技术(美国专利US7,235,758)提供了一种(沿焊接方向)以等离子电弧在前、MIG电弧在后的旁轴方式布置的复合焊接装置，其两个电弧与工件相交的距离通过固定的磁屏蔽件进行控制。但由于在同一个焊炬上两个电极喷嘴的位置是固定的，并且由于这个位置与磁屏蔽件的作用是相互影响的，导致这种技术很难在较宽的工作电流参数范围稳定工作，实际上，单独调整磁屏蔽件也并不容易稳定共体熔池中的双电弧，因此很难在生产线上推广应用。A dual heat source hybrid welding technique (U.S. Patent No. 7,235,758), which is similar to the present invention, provides a hybrid welding device (in the direction of welding) with a plasma arc in front and a MIG arc in a trailing manner. The distance at which the two arcs intersect the workpiece is controlled by a fixed magnetic shield. However, since the positions of the two electrode nozzles on the same torch are fixed, and because this position interacts with the magnetic shield, the technique is difficult to work stably over a wide range of operating current parameters. In fact, adjusting the magnetic shield separately does not easily stabilize the double arc in the common bath, so it is difficult to promote the application on the production line.
如上所述，毫无疑问的是，相比TIG电弧，等离子电弧经过压缩、具有更高能量密度且具有焊接熔深，在复合焊接工艺中采用等离子电弧可以增大焊接熔深，这对于提高复合焊接质量是非常重要的；同时，等离子电弧PAW和MIG电弧在共体熔池中的稳定性是实现高效复合焊接质量和效率的重要条件，但现有的各种等离子电弧PAW和MIG电弧复合焊接装置难以形成、或者难以稳定熔化电极和非熔化电极的共体熔池，因此不仅不能从根本上提高焊接熔深和焊接效率，同时也难以实现良好的焊接质量，限制了这些技术的推广应用。As mentioned above, there is no doubt that the plasma arc is compressed, has a higher energy density and has a weld penetration compared to the TIG arc, and the use of a plasma arc in the hybrid welding process can increase the weld penetration, which improves the composite. Welding quality is very important; at the same time, the stability of plasma arc PAW and MIG arc in the common bath is an important condition for achieving high quality composite welding quality and efficiency, but the existing various plasma arc PAW and MIG arc hybrid welding The device is difficult to form, or it is difficult to stabilize the common molten pool of the molten electrode and the non-melted electrode, so that not only the weld penetration and the welding efficiency cannot be fundamentally improved, but also it is difficult to achieve good welding quality, which limits the popularization and application of these technologies.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种双热源复合焊炬，该复合焊炬将等离子电弧和MIG电弧置于同一熔池内，通过调整两个电极的间距和磁屏蔽件形状，提高双电弧共体熔池的稳定性，进而提高复合焊接的质量。In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual heat source composite welding torch which places a plasma arc and a MIG arc in the same molten pool by adjusting the spacing of the two electrodes and the shape of the magnetic shield. Improve the stability of the double arc common body molten pool and improve the quality of the composite welding.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种双热源复合焊炬，复合焊炬包括焊炬本体，焊炬本体上按照焊接方向 前后布置有非熔化电极和熔化电极，非熔化电极和熔化电极所在轴线之间的夹角为锐角，非熔化电极和熔化电极与工件之间各自建立电弧并形成共体熔池，两个电弧在工件平面上的电弧冲击点间距为D；其特征在于：A dual heat source composite welding torch comprises a torch body, wherein a non-melting electrode and a melting electrode are arranged on the torch body in front of and behind the welding direction, and an angle between the axis of the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is an acute angle, An arc is formed between the molten electrode and the molten electrode and the workpiece to form a common molten pool, and the arc impact point spacing of the two arcs on the workpiece plane is D;
通过调节间距D及调节施加在电弧上的横向磁场来使电弧处于稳定状态。The arc is stabilized by adjusting the spacing D and adjusting the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc.
间距D通过电极间距调节装置来实现，施加在电弧上的横向磁场通过调节设置在电极上的磁屏蔽件形状来实现。The spacing D is achieved by an electrode spacing adjustment device, and the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc is achieved by adjusting the shape of the magnetic shield disposed on the electrode.
非熔化电极和熔化电极所在轴线之间的夹角不大于60°，间距D的调节范围为3-15mm。The angle between the axis of the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is not more than 60°, and the spacing D is adjusted to be 3-15 mm.
非熔化电极为等离子电极，其包括钨极、钨极夹头、冷却水道、保护气套和压缩喷嘴，压缩喷嘴的中心通过钨极夹头固定有钨极，冷却水道包裹在钨极夹头外侧，保护气套包裹在冷却水道外侧。The non-melting electrode is a plasma electrode, which comprises a tungsten electrode, a tungsten collet, a cooling water channel, a protective gas sleeve and a compression nozzle. The center of the compression nozzle is fixed with a tungsten electrode through a tungsten collet, and the cooling water channel is wrapped outside the tungsten collet. The protective air jacket is wrapped on the outside of the cooling water channel.
熔化电极为MIG电极，其包括导电嘴，焊丝管和保护气套，焊丝管设置在导电嘴的中部，导电嘴的周围设置有保护气套，保护气套与导电嘴之间形成保护气道，焊丝管中设置有焊丝并从导电嘴中伸出。The molten electrode is a MIG electrode, which comprises a conductive nozzle, a wire tube and a protective gas sleeve. The wire tube is disposed in a middle portion of the conductive nozzle, and a protective gas sleeve is disposed around the conductive nozzle to form a protective air passage between the protective gas sleeve and the conductive nozzle. A wire is disposed in the wire tube and protrudes from the contact tip.
所述电极间距调节装置包括固定在焊炬本体上的调节螺母和通过调节滑块固定在熔化电极上的调节螺杆，调节螺杆旋入调节螺母中，通过调节调节螺栓与调节螺母的相对位置实现对间距D的调节。The electrode spacing adjusting device comprises an adjusting nut fixed on the torch body and an adjusting screw fixed on the melting electrode by the adjusting slider, and the adjusting screw is screwed into the adjusting nut, and the relative position of the adjusting bolt and the adjusting nut is adjusted to achieve Adjustment of the spacing D.
所述磁屏蔽件为包裹在非熔化电极外侧的磁屏蔽套。The magnetic shield is a magnetic shield that is wrapped around the outside of the non-melted electrode.
本发明的另一个目的，是提供一种等离子电弧和MIG电弧双热源复合焊接方法，不仅可以获得比单独采用等离子电弧焊接和单独采用MIG焊接更高的效率和更好的焊接品质，具有大熔深、高效率、低热输入、低飞溅等优点，而且拓展了应用范围，可以焊接从薄板到中厚板，以及各种高强钢、低熔点金属等。Another object of the present invention is to provide a plasma arc and MIG arc dual heat source hybrid welding method, which can achieve higher efficiency and better welding quality than plasma arc welding alone and MIG welding alone, and has a large melting. Deep, high efficiency, low heat input, low spatter, etc., and expand the scope of application, can be welded from thin to medium plate, as well as a variety of high-strength steel, low-melting metal.
为实现上述目的，采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the following technical solutions are adopted:
一种利用双热源实现复合焊接的方式，包括如下步骤：A method for realizing composite welding by using a dual heat source, comprising the following steps:
1)提供等离子电极和MIG电极，并将其呈小于60°夹角的方式安装在同一复合焊炬上；等离子电极和MIG电极与工件之间各自建立电弧并形成共体熔池；两个电弧在工件平面上的电弧冲击点间距为D；1) Providing a plasma electrode and a MIG electrode, and mounting them on the same composite torch at an angle of less than 60°; establishing an arc between the plasma electrode and the MIG electrode and the workpiece to form a common molten pool; The arc impact point spacing on the workpiece plane is D;
2)焊接过程中通过调节两个电极在工件之间的电弧参数，并调节两个电极之间的间距及施加在电弧上的横向磁场来控制D，以保证两个电弧在共体熔池内的稳定性。2) Control the D by adjusting the arc parameters between the two electrodes between the workpieces during the welding process, and adjusting the spacing between the two electrodes and the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc to ensure that the two arcs are in the common pool. stability.
本发明还提供了一种双热源复合焊接***，包括上述的复合焊炬、等离子电源、MIG电源、送丝机构、机器人和控制器，所述等离子电源和MIG电源共同组成双热源，等离子电源和MIG电源分别与复合焊炬中的非熔化电极和熔化电极相连，复合焊炬安装在机器人上，复合焊炬、等离子电源、MIG电源、送丝机构、机器人分别与控制器相连，送丝机构为复合焊炬中的熔化电极提供焊丝。The invention also provides a dual heat source hybrid welding system, comprising the above composite torch, plasma power source, MIG power source, wire feeding mechanism, robot and controller, wherein the plasma power source and the MIG power source together form a dual heat source, a plasma power source and The MIG power supply is respectively connected to the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode in the composite welding torch, and the composite welding torch is mounted on the robot. The composite welding torch, the plasma power source, the MIG power source, the wire feeding mechanism and the robot are respectively connected to the controller, and the wire feeding mechanism is The molten electrode in the composite torch provides a wire.
上述双热源复合焊接***进行焊接的方法，包括采用等电流控制MIG电源，采用等电压控制等离子电源进行复合焊接，等电流控制MIG电源，即在焊接过程中维持电流不变，在焊接坡口尺寸有变化的情况下，使焊炬上MIG电极中焊丝管里的送丝速度不变；所述等电压控制的等离子电源，即在焊接过程中维持等离子电压不变，在焊接坡口尺寸有变化的情况下，使焊炬上等离子电弧强度不变，从而维持等离子电弧稳定。The above dual heat source hybrid welding system performs welding methods, including using an equal current control MIG power source, using a plasma controlled plasma power supply for composite welding, and the like to control the MIG power supply, that is, maintaining the current during the welding process, in the welding groove size In the case of a change, the wire feeding speed in the wire tube of the MIG electrode on the welding torch is constant; the plasma power supply of the voltage control, that is, the plasma voltage is maintained during the welding process, and the welding groove size is changed. In this case, the plasma arc intensity on the torch is kept constant, thereby maintaining the plasma arc stable.
本发明具有的技术效果：The technical effect of the invention:
1、本发明涉及利用等离子弧焊接和熔化极MIG焊接双热源的复合焊接***，包括等离子弧焊接(PAW)与熔化极MIG电弧双热源的复合焊炬和控制***。在焊接过程中，两个电弧在工件上的入射点之间的距离是可控的，并通过 控制两个电极的在工件上的入射点之间的距离来实现电弧在共体熔池里的稳定性，该距离为3-15mm。1. The present invention relates to a composite welding system utilizing plasma arc welding and a molten MIG welding dual heat source, comprising a composite torch and a control system for plasma arc welding (PAW) and a molten MIG arc dual heat source. During the welding process, the distance between the incident points of the two arcs on the workpiece is controllable, and the arc is controlled in the common pool by controlling the distance between the incident points of the two electrodes on the workpiece. Stability, the distance is 3-15mm.
2、针对不同的焊接工艺要求，通过电极间距调节装置和磁屏蔽件，可比较容易地在共体熔池里建立稳定的双电弧。在稳定的双热源的耦合作用下，焊接过程增加了熔深，同时大幅度提高了熔化极电弧焊丝熔敷效率。焊接过程在提高效率的同时，因为增加了熔深而提高了品质。2. For different welding process requirements, a stable double arc can be established relatively easily in the common bath by the electrode spacing adjusting device and the magnetic shielding member. Under the coupling of stable dual heat sources, the welding process increases the penetration depth and greatly improves the welding efficiency of the molten arc welding wire. The welding process improves the efficiency while increasing the quality because of the increased penetration.
3、使用一把复合焊炬并在一个共体熔池内完成焊接，其操作更为简便，可以实现全位置焊接。与常规熔化极焊接相比，热输入降低50％以上，热影响区更窄。3. Using a composite torch and completing the welding in a common molten pool, the operation is simpler and can achieve all-position welding. Compared with conventional fusion electrode welding, the heat input is reduced by more than 50%, and the heat affected zone is narrower.
4、本发明提供了一种利用等离子弧焊接和熔化极MIG焊接双热源的复合焊接方法，即利用本发明复合焊炬，采用等电流控制的MIG电源，以及等电压控制的等离子电源进行的复合焊接方法。在焊接坡口尺寸有变化的情况下，在焊接过程中可以维持焊炬MIG送丝速度不变，同时维持等离子电弧稳定。4. The present invention provides a composite welding method using plasma arc welding and a molten MIG welding dual heat source, that is, a composite torch using the present invention, an MIG power source controlled by an equal current, and a plasma power source controlled by an equal voltage. Welding method. In the case of a change in the size of the welding groove, the wire feeding speed of the torch MIG can be maintained during the welding process while maintaining the plasma arc stable.
附图说明DRAWINGS
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明：The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
图1为本发明实施例1所述的复合焊炬的结构原理示意图；1 is a schematic structural view of a composite torch according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例2所述的复合焊接***的整体结构示意图。2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a hybrid welding system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图说明和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
图1是一种双热源复合焊炬的结构原理图，该双热源复合焊炬为一种等离子电弧和熔化极MIG电弧复合焊炬，在同一把整体焊炬中将PAW与MIG焊接 组合在一起，并且在焊接过程中通过控制在工件表面上的电弧冲击点之间的距离D提高等离子电弧和MIG电弧在共体熔池里的稳定性，从而提高双热源的焊接耦合效率。所述复合焊炬包括：1 is a structural schematic diagram of a dual heat source composite torch which is a plasma arc and a molten MIG arc composite torch, which combines PAW and MIG welding in the same overall torch. And the stability of the plasma arc and the MIG arc in the common pool is improved by controlling the distance D between the arc impact points on the surface of the workpiece during the welding process, thereby improving the welding coupling efficiency of the dual heat source. The composite torch includes:
一按照焊接方向布置在焊炬主体100的前端的非熔化电极，非熔化电极为等离子电极，非熔化电极包括钨极111，钨极夹头112，冷却水道113，保护气套114，磁屏蔽套115和压缩喷嘴116；压缩喷嘴116的中心通过钨极夹头112固定有钨极111，冷却水道112包裹在钨极夹头112外侧，保护气套114包裹在冷却水道113外侧，磁屏蔽套115包裹在保护气套114的外侧。A non-melting electrode disposed at a front end of the torch body 100 in accordance with a welding direction, the non-melting electrode is a plasma electrode, and the non-melting electrode includes a tungsten electrode 111, a tungsten collet 112, a cooling water channel 113, a protective gas jacket 114, and a magnetic shielding sleeve. 115 and the compression nozzle 116; the center of the compression nozzle 116 is fixed with a tungsten electrode 111 through the tungsten collet 112, the cooling water channel 112 is wrapped outside the tungsten collet 112, and the protective gas jacket 114 is wrapped outside the cooling water channel 113, and the magnetic shielding sleeve 115 Wrapped on the outside of the protective gas jacket 114.
一按照焊接方向布置在焊炬主体100的后端的熔化电极，熔化电极为MIG电极，与前端的等离子电弧压缩喷嘴呈锐角布置，该锐角不大于60。所述熔化电极包括焊丝管121，导电嘴122，保护气道123和保护气套124，焊丝管121设置在导电嘴122的中部，导电嘴122的周围设置有保护气套124，保护气套124与导电嘴122之间形成保护气道123，焊丝管121中设置有焊丝并从导电嘴122中伸出。A molten electrode disposed at a rear end of the torch body 100 in accordance with a welding direction, the molten electrode being a MIG electrode disposed at an acute angle to the plasma arc compression nozzle at the front end, the acute angle being not more than 60. The melting electrode includes a wire tube 121, a conductive nozzle 122, a protective air channel 123 and a protective gas sleeve 124. The wire tube 121 is disposed at a middle portion of the conductive nozzle 122. A protective gas jacket 124 is disposed around the conductive nozzle 122 to protect the gas sleeve 124. A protective air passage 123 is formed with the contact tip 122, and a wire is disposed in the wire tube 121 and protrudes from the contact tip 122.
一调节非熔化电极和熔化电极间距的电极间距调节装置，其包括调节螺杆132、调节螺母133和调节滑块131；，调节螺母133固定在焊炬本体上，调节螺杆132通过调节滑块131固定在熔化电极上，调节螺杆132旋入调节螺母133中，通过调节调节螺杆132与调节螺母133的相对位置实现对非熔化电极和熔化电极间距的调节。An electrode spacing adjusting device for adjusting a distance between the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode, comprising an adjusting screw 132, an adjusting nut 133 and an adjusting slider 131; the adjusting nut 133 is fixed on the torch body, and the adjusting screw 132 is fixed by the adjusting slider 131 On the molten electrode, the adjusting screw 132 is screwed into the adjusting nut 133, and the adjustment of the distance between the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is achieved by adjusting the relative positions of the adjusting screw 132 and the adjusting nut 133.
非熔化电极和熔化电极间距是指两个电极所产生的电弧在被焊工件上共体熔池内的冲击点间距D，该D值在3-15mm之间。The distance between the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode refers to the distance D between the impact points of the arc generated by the two electrodes in the common molten pool on the workpiece to be welded, and the D value is between 3-15 mm.
众所周知的是，在共体熔池内的两个电弧之间会产生电磁力，该电磁力会使电弧偏离，即在两个电弧电流具有相同方向的情况下，电磁力倾向于使它们 合拢(极端的情况是，当电弧之间距离过小时，电弧体积合二为一)，这会导致MIG焊丝的沉积速度增大，超过了焊接速度而且没有焊接熔深；在这两个电弧电流具有彼此相反方向的情况下，电磁力倾向于使它们分开，MIG电弧会将等离子电弧吹开，导致在焊接中电弧偏移造成熔池内的显著湍流，这同样不利于保证焊接质量。It is well known that an electromagnetic force is generated between two arcs in a common bath, which causes the arc to deviate, that is, in the case where the two arc currents have the same direction, the electromagnetic force tends to cause them to close (extremely In the case where the distance between the arcs is too small, the arc volume is combined into one), which causes the deposition speed of the MIG wire to increase, exceeding the welding speed and without the weld penetration; the two arc currents have opposite to each other In the case of the direction, the electromagnetic force tends to separate them, and the MIG arc blows the plasma arc off, causing the arc offset during the welding to cause significant turbulence in the molten pool, which is also disadvantageous for ensuring the quality of the weld.
因此，需要采取技术措施控制距离D，也就是控制两个电弧的稳定性。实际上，无论电流、可焊材料、接头构型、焊接条件等如何，存在一个最佳距离(或距离范围)D，可以使两个电弧处于最佳的稳定状态，在这种情况下焊接操作可以实现最高效率和最大熔深。这个距离D范围是3～15mm，适合于等离子电流1～400A的范围，MIG电流50～750A的范围。Therefore, technical measures are needed to control the distance D, that is, to control the stability of the two arcs. In fact, regardless of current, solderable material, joint configuration, welding conditions, etc., there is an optimal distance (or distance range) D, which allows the two arcs to be in an optimal stable state, in which case the welding operation Maximum efficiency and maximum penetration can be achieved. This distance D ranges from 3 to 15 mm and is suitable for a plasma current range of 1 to 400 A and a MIG current of 50 to 750 A.
众所周知的是，该电磁力的大小与两个电弧之间的距离成反比，而与两个电弧的电流成正比；通过磁屏蔽件在在电弧区域内施加横向磁场，可以抵消两个电弧之间的电磁力，从而减轻MIG电弧对等离子电弧的影响。It is well known that the magnitude of the electromagnetic force is inversely proportional to the distance between the two arcs and proportional to the current of the two arcs; the application of a transverse magnetic field in the arc region by the magnetic shield cancels the relationship between the two arcs The electromagnetic force, thereby mitigating the effect of the MIG arc on the plasma arc.
根据本发明，可以根据焊接操作的参数条件，无论电弧电流方向是大小如何，都可以通过调节装置调节两个电极入射点之间的间距D和横向磁场的强度，降低电磁力对电弧的影响，实际地减轻MIG电弧对等离子电弧的影响。其中，通过调节装置调节两个电极之间的间距D的操作更为简便，效果也更为直接。According to the present invention, according to the parameter condition of the welding operation, regardless of the magnitude of the arc current direction, the spacing D between the incident points of the two electrodes and the intensity of the transverse magnetic field can be adjusted by the adjusting device to reduce the influence of the electromagnetic force on the arc. The effect of the MIG arc on the plasma arc is actually mitigated. Among them, the operation of adjusting the distance D between the two electrodes by the adjusting device is simpler and the effect is more direct.
根据本发明，与钨极111连接的等离子电源最好具有恒定电流输出特性，提供稳定等离子电弧，而与导电嘴122连接的MIG电源最好具有恒定电压输出特性，从而保证MIG电弧的长度是稳定的，送丝速度也是稳定的。这是因为连接钨极111和导电嘴122的电源都与工件连接，焊缝区域的形状变化有可能引起等离子电源的电压波动和MIG电源的电流波动，这都会影响焊接质量。According to the present invention, the plasma power source connected to the tungsten electrode 111 preferably has a constant current output characteristic to provide a stable plasma arc, and the MIG power source connected to the contact tip 122 preferably has a constant voltage output characteristic, thereby ensuring that the length of the MIG arc is stable. The wire feeding speed is also stable. This is because the power source connecting the tungsten electrode 111 and the contact tip 122 is connected to the workpiece, and the shape change of the weld zone may cause voltage fluctuation of the plasma power source and current fluctuation of the MIG power source, which may affect the soldering quality.
根据本发明的复合焊接***和方法，无论电弧功率、电流方向、加工速度、 材料和焊接接头形态如何，间距D都可以通过直接调节两个电极的间距以及磁屏蔽件来进行控制，这不同于所有的不具备对距离D进行调节功能的现有技术方案，也不同于只能采取某一种调节方式的技术方案布置，实际上，只采取某一种技术措施，都很不容易、或者很不方便找到最佳的距离D。According to the composite welding system and method of the present invention, the pitch D can be controlled by directly adjusting the pitch of the two electrodes and the magnetic shield regardless of the arc power, current direction, processing speed, material and the shape of the welded joint, which is different from All the prior art solutions that do not have the function of adjusting the distance D are different from the technical solutions that can only adopt one kind of adjustment mode. In fact, it is not easy or very difficult to adopt only one technical measure. It is not convenient to find the best distance D.
实施例2Example 2
图2给出了一种复合焊接***的结构示意图，其包括实施例1中描述的复合焊炬3、等离子电源1、熔化极MIG电源2，送丝机构4，机器人5和控制器6，所述等离子电源1和熔化极MIG电源2共同组成双焊接热源，复合焊炬3安装在机器人5上，等离子电源1和熔化极MIG电源2、送丝机构4、机器人5与控制器6相连，复合焊炬3与所等离子电源1、熔化极MIG电源2和送丝机构4相连，复合焊炬3配水冷，复合焊枪3的水冷管与电源水冷***相连。2 is a schematic structural view of a composite welding system including the composite welding torch 3, the plasma power source 1, the molten metal MIG power source 2, the wire feeding mechanism 4, the robot 5 and the controller 6, described in Embodiment 1. The plasma power source 1 and the molten metal MIG power source 2 together form a dual welding heat source, and the composite welding torch 3 is mounted on the robot 5, and the plasma power source 1 and the molten metal MIG power source 2, the wire feeding mechanism 4, and the robot 5 are connected to the controller 6, and the composite The welding torch 3 is connected to the plasma power source 1, the molten metal MIG power source 2 and the wire feeding mechanism 4, the composite welding torch 3 is provided with water cooling, and the water cooling pipe of the composite welding torch 3 is connected to the power water cooling system.
本领域技术人员将会认识到，在不偏离本发明的保护范围的前提下，可以对上述实施方式进行各种修改、变化和组合，并且认为这种修改、变化和组合是在独创性思想的范围之内的。A person skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications, changes and combinations can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Within the scope.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双热源复合焊炬，复合焊炬包括焊炬本体，焊炬本体上按照焊接方向前后布置有非熔化电极和熔化电极，非熔化电极和熔化电极所在轴线之间的夹角为锐角，非熔化电极和熔化电极与工件之间各自建立电弧并形成共体熔池，两个电弧在工件平面上的电弧冲击点间距为D；其特征在于：A dual heat source composite welding torch comprises a torch body, wherein a non-melting electrode and a melting electrode are arranged on the torch body in front of and behind the welding direction, and an angle between the axis of the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is an acute angle, An arc is formed between the molten electrode and the molten electrode and the workpiece to form a common molten pool, and the arc impact point spacing of the two arcs on the workpiece plane is D;
    通过调节间距D及调节施加在电弧上的横向磁场来使电弧处于稳定状态。The arc is stabilized by adjusting the spacing D and adjusting the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种双热源复合焊炬，其特征在于，间距D通过电极间距调节装置来实现，施加在电弧上的横向磁场通过调节设置在电极上的磁屏蔽件形状来实现。A dual heat source composite torch according to claim 1, wherein the pitch D is achieved by an electrode spacing adjusting device, and the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc is realized by adjusting the shape of the magnetic shield provided on the electrode.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种双热源复合焊炬，其特征在于，非熔化电极和熔化电极所在轴线之间的夹角不大于60°，间距D的调节范围为3-15mm。A dual heat source composite welding torch according to claim 2, wherein the angle between the axis of the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode is not more than 60°, and the adjustment range of the spacing D is 3-15 mm.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种双热源复合焊炬，其特征在于，非熔化电极为等离子电极，其包括钨极、钨极夹头、冷却水道、保护气套和压缩喷嘴，压缩喷嘴的中心通过钨极夹头固定有钨极，冷却水道包裹在钨极夹头外侧，保护气套包裹在冷却水道外侧。A dual heat source composite welding torch according to claim 3, wherein the non-melting electrode is a plasma electrode comprising a tungsten electrode, a tungsten collet, a cooling water passage, a protective gas jacket and a compression nozzle, and the center of the compression nozzle A tungsten pole is fixed by a tungsten collet, and a cooling water channel is wrapped around the outside of the tungsten collet, and the protective gas jacket is wrapped outside the cooling water channel.
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种双热源复合焊炬，其特征在于，熔化电极为MIG电极，其包括导电嘴，焊丝管和保护气套，焊丝管设置在导电嘴的中部，导电嘴的周围设置有保护气套，保护气套与导电嘴之间形成保护气道，焊丝管中设置有焊丝并从导电嘴中伸出。A dual heat source composite welding torch according to claim 3, wherein the molten electrode is a MIG electrode comprising a contact tip, a wire tube and a protective gas sleeve, the wire tube being disposed in the middle of the contact tip, around the contact tip A protective gas sleeve is disposed, and a protective air passage is formed between the protective gas sleeve and the contact nozzle, and the welding wire is disposed in the welding tube and protrudes from the conductive nozzle.
  6. 如权利要求3所述的一种双热源复合焊炬，其特征在于，所述电极间距调节装置包括固定在焊炬本体上的调节螺母和通过调节滑块固定在熔化电极上的调节螺杆，调节螺杆旋入调节螺母中，通过调节调节螺栓与调节螺母的相对位置实现对间距D的调节。A dual heat source composite welding torch according to claim 3, wherein said electrode spacing adjusting means comprises an adjusting nut fixed to the torch body and an adjusting screw fixed to the melting electrode by the adjusting slider, and adjusting The screw is screwed into the adjusting nut, and the adjustment of the spacing D is achieved by adjusting the relative positions of the adjusting bolt and the adjusting nut.
  7. 如权利要求3所述的一种双热源复合焊炬，其特征在于，所述磁屏蔽件 为包裹在非熔化电极外侧的磁屏蔽套。A dual heat source composite welding torch according to claim 3, wherein said magnetic shield is a magnetic shield sleeve wrapped around the outside of the non-melted electrode.
  8. 一种利用双热源实现复合焊接的方式，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A method for realizing composite welding by using a dual heat source, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    1)提供等离子电极和MIG电极，并将其呈小于60°夹角的方式安装在同一复合焊炬上；等离子电极和MIG电极与工件之间各自建立电弧并形成共体熔池；两个电弧在工件平面上的电弧冲击点间距为D；1) Providing a plasma electrode and a MIG electrode, and mounting them on the same composite torch at an angle of less than 60°; establishing an arc between the plasma electrode and the MIG electrode and the workpiece to form a common molten pool; The arc impact point spacing on the workpiece plane is D;
    2)焊接过程中通过调节两个电极在工件之间的电弧参数，并调节两个电极之间的间距及施加在电弧上的横向磁场来控制D，以保证两个电弧在共体熔池内的稳定性。2) Control the D by adjusting the arc parameters between the two electrodes between the workpieces during the welding process, and adjusting the spacing between the two electrodes and the transverse magnetic field applied to the arc to ensure that the two arcs are in the common pool. stability.
  9. 一种双热源复合焊接***，包括权利要求3所述的复合焊炬、等离子电源、MIG电源、送丝机构、机器人和控制器，其特征在于，所述等离子电源和MIG电源共同组成双热源，等离子电源和MIG电源分别与复合焊炬中的非熔化电极和熔化电极相连，复合焊炬安装在机器人上，复合焊炬、等离子电源、MIG电源、送丝机构、机器人分别与控制器相连，送丝机构为复合焊炬中的熔化电极提供焊丝。A dual heat source hybrid welding system comprising the composite torch of claim 3, a plasma power source, a MIG power source, a wire feeding mechanism, a robot and a controller, wherein the plasma power source and the MIG power source together form a dual heat source. The plasma power source and the MIG power source are respectively connected to the non-melting electrode and the melting electrode in the composite torch, and the composite torch is mounted on the robot, and the composite torch, the plasma power source, the MIG power source, the wire feeding mechanism, and the robot are respectively connected to the controller, and sent The wire mechanism provides a wire for the molten electrode in the composite torch.
  10. 一种利用权利要求9所述双热源复合焊接***进行焊接的方法，其特征在于，采用等电流控制MIG电源，采用等电压控制等离子电源进行复合焊接，等电流控制MIG电源，即在焊接过程中维持电流不变，在焊接坡口尺寸有变化的情况下，使焊炬上MIG电极中焊丝管里的送丝速度不变；所述等电压控制的等离子电源，即在焊接过程中维持等离子电压不变，在焊接坡口尺寸有变化的情况下，使焊炬上等离子电弧强度不变，从而维持等离子电弧稳定。A method for welding by using the dual heat source hybrid welding system according to claim 9, characterized in that the equal current control MIG power source is used, the equal voltage control plasma power source is used for composite welding, and the current control MIG power source is in the welding process. Maintaining the current constant, in the case of a change in the size of the welding groove, the wire feeding speed in the wire tube of the MIG electrode on the welding torch is constant; the plasma power supply of the voltage control, that is, maintaining the plasma voltage during the welding process The same is true. When the welding groove size changes, the plasma arc intensity on the torch is constant, thereby maintaining the plasma arc stability.
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