WO2018138429A1 - Bituminous waterproofing membranes for roofing - Google Patents

Bituminous waterproofing membranes for roofing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018138429A1
WO2018138429A1 PCT/FR2018/050150 FR2018050150W WO2018138429A1 WO 2018138429 A1 WO2018138429 A1 WO 2018138429A1 FR 2018050150 W FR2018050150 W FR 2018050150W WO 2018138429 A1 WO2018138429 A1 WO 2018138429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
waterproofing membrane
membrane according
mat
organic binder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2018/050150
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexandre PREVOTEAU
Alexandre Garcia
Agnès BEAUGENDRE
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Adfors
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Adfors filed Critical Saint-Gobain Adfors
Priority to EP18704053.0A priority Critical patent/EP3574140A1/en
Publication of WO2018138429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018138429A1/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/28Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
    • C03C17/32Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218Glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/08Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/12Glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N5/00Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
    • D06N5/003Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch coated with bitumen
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/02Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form of materials impregnated with sealing substances, e.g. roofing felt
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/06Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to waterproofing membranes for roofs, formed of a nonwoven mat of mineral fibers bonded with an organic binder, said mat being coated on at least one of its faces with a layer of bitumen.
  • Sealing membranes for terraces or bituminous roofs, generally horizontal or low slope roofs, are fiber-reinforced bitumen membranes, in particular mineral fibers generally in the form of non-woven mats.
  • nonwoven mineral fiber mats are reinforcing mats which have two main functions, namely
  • thermosetting resins based on formaldehyde for example melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resins as organic binders for non-woven mats for reinforcing bituminous waterproofing membranes.
  • US Pat. No. 6,993,876 discloses bituminous roofing membranes formed of a glass fiber mat bonded with a urea-formaldehyde resin and a bituminous phase. These membranes contain an agent for modifying the adhesion between the mat and the bituminous phase.
  • This agent a polydimethylsiloxane, by reducing the adhesion between the glass fibers of the mat and the bituminous phase allows the latter to "slip" on fiberglass, which - in the event of a tear - gives rise to the appearance of pull-out fibers, an English term which could be translated as "pulled or stripped” fibers, which slow down the propagation of the primed tear.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that a relatively low proportion - of the order of a few percent only - of an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in the organic resin-based formaldehyde resin binder.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • the present invention therefore relates to a waterproofing membrane for roofs formed by
  • the membrane being characterized in that the organic binder comprises from 15% to 95% by weight of a thermoset polymer obtained from a formaldehyde-based resin and from 1 to 15% by weight of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), these percentages being expressed relative to the total dry weight of the organic binder.
  • a thermoset polymer obtained from a formaldehyde-based resin
  • EVA vinyl acetate
  • nonwoven mats of mineral fibers also called “non-woven” or “sails”
  • non-woven also called “non-woven” or “sails”
  • dry or wet methods can be manufactured according to known methods by dry or wet methods.
  • molten mineral matter contained in an oven is fed to a set of dies from which filaments flow by gravity and are drawn by a gaseous fluid.
  • the mineral filaments are harvested on a conveyor where they intermingle forming a mat.
  • an organic binder is applied using a suitable device, usually by curtain deposition, and the excess organic binder is removed by suction at the opposite side.
  • the mat then enters a device containing hot air whose temperature, of the order of 200 to 250 ° C, is adapted to remove the water and crosslink the organic binder in a very short time, of the order from ten seconds to 1 minute, then the bound mineral fiber mat is collected in the form of a coil.
  • the mat is obtained from an aqueous dispersion of cut mineral fibers which is deposited by means of a forming head on a conveyor provided with perforations and the water is extracted through the conveyor through to a suction box.
  • the cut mineral fibers remaining on the conveyor form a mat which is treated under the same conditions as those described for the dry process.
  • the mineral fibers forming a nonwoven mat produced by wet processes typically have a length of between 20 and 150 mm, advantageously between 30 and 100 mm and in particular between 50 and 70 mm. Their diameter may vary to a large extent, for example between 5 and 30 ⁇ .
  • the waterproofing membrane of the present invention When the waterproofing membrane of the present invention must withstand high mechanical stresses, it may be useful to reinforce the nonwoven mat by a network of mineral threads, in particular glass threads, preferably arranged parallel to each other. other. Each thread is composed of a multitude of very fine filaments. These mineral threads are generally deposited on the conveyor device of the mat in the direction of advancement of the mat and distributed over all or part of the width of the mat. They are preferably deposited between two layers of mineral fibers.
  • the nonwoven mat therefore comprises mineral threads, in particular glass threads, arranged parallel to each other, and preferably in the machine direction, between two randomly arranged mineral fiber layers.
  • the function of the organic binder is to bind the mineral fibers together and to give the mat containing them mechanical properties suitable for the desired use, in particular sufficient rigidity to be easily handled and mechanical strength. sufficient to receive the bituminous phase without tearing.
  • the weight per unit area of the nonwoven mat of bound mineral fibers is advantageously between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 25 and 350 g / m 2 , in particular between 30 and 150 g / m 2 .
  • Its organic binder content is advantageously between 5 and 40% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35% by weight, in particular between 15 and 30% by weight. This organic binder content is equal to the difference between the dry weight of the non-woven mat before application of the binder and the dry weight of the bonded nonwoven mat, based on the dry weight of the bonded nonwoven mat.
  • organic binder When the organic binder consists only of combustible organic components, this content of organic binder is identical to what is usually called in the technical field of glass textiles loss of ignition (LOI).
  • the organic binder may however contain a certain fraction of mineral components, for example mineral particulate fillers. This fraction generally does not exceed 20% by weight of the organic binder. When the organic binder contains such a mineral filler its loss on ignition (LOI) will be lower than the organic binder content of the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers.
  • LOI loss on ignition
  • the organic binder of the nonwoven mineral fiber mat comprises of
  • thermoset polymer obtained by crosslinking a formaldehyde-based resin is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde resins or a mixture of such resins.
  • the Applicant has obtained excellent results with a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
  • the organic binder of the nonwoven mat further contains from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 2 to 12% by weight, and more preferably from 4 to 10% by weight of a copolymer of ethylene and acetate vinyl (EVA).
  • EVA ethylene and acetate vinyl
  • thermoset polymer and EVA contents indicated above are based on the total dry weight of the organic binder, the latter possibly comprising a mineral filler or another organic component.
  • the organic binder therefore further comprises up to 75% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the binder, of a polysaccharide.
  • the polysaccharide consists of a plurality of saccharide units preferably comprising more than 50% by weight of glucose units.
  • the molar mass of the polysaccharide can vary to a large extent so as to include dextrins and starches, especially starches with a molar mass of at least 10 5 g / mol and up to 10 9 g / mol.
  • the polysaccharide is preferably starch or a starch derivative, for example a starch ester such as acetylated starch, or a starch ether such as hydroxyalkylated starch.
  • a starch ester such as acetylated starch
  • a starch ether such as hydroxyalkylated starch.
  • the polysaccharide content of the organic binder is preferably between 20 and 75% by weight, in particular between 50 and 70% by weight.
  • the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer usable in the present invention may be a thermoplastic copolymer or a thermosetting copolymer. It is preferably a thermosetting copolymer.
  • the term "copolymer” embraces in this application polymers having two, three or more different comonomers.
  • thermoplastic copolymers may be copolymers consisting exclusively of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or else copolymers formed mainly of ethylene and vinyl acetate and of a small fraction of one or more comonomers providing particular functionalities. eg better fire resistance (halogenated comonomers) or an ability to form stable dispersions in water (ionized or ionizable comonomers).
  • thermosetting EVAs contain, in addition to the ethylene and vinyl acetate units, crosslinking comonomers such as N-methylolacrylamide or a mixture of N-methylolacrylamide and acrylamide.
  • crosslinking comonomers such as N-methylolacrylamide or a mixture of N-methylolacrylamide and acrylamide.
  • the thermosetting EVAs may also contain ionized, halogenated comonomers, etc. bringing specific properties.
  • Thermosetting EVAs in the form of latices which can be used as binders of fibrous materials have been known for a long time and are described, inter alia, in applications EP1777241, EP1905878 and US Pat. No. 4,044,197. They are available on the market, for example under the denomination Vinnapas ® (Wacker).
  • the formaldehyde-based resin generally in solution in water and EVA, generally in latex form, are simply mixed with each other and optionally with additional ingredients, such as polysaccharides, mineral fillers flame retardants, surfactants, rheology modifiers, antifoam agents.
  • additional ingredients such as polysaccharides, mineral fillers flame retardants, surfactants, rheology modifiers, antifoam agents.
  • the solids content of the aqueous binder composition is advantageously between about 5% and 40%, preferably between 7% and 25%.
  • the aqueous binder composition is used for impregnating the raw nonwoven mat, for example by dipping, coating or spraying, and then the binder is dried and cured (cured) in an oven.
  • the organic binder of the nonwoven mat preferably does not contain rosin or alkyd resin.
  • bituminous phase is applied to the nonwoven mat bonded by any suitable technique, for example by softening or melting, by spraying (spray coating) a bitumen emulsion, or by immersion ( dip-coating) in a bath of molten bitumen or in an emulsion of bitumen.
  • the applied bitumen composition may contain, in addition to the bitumen itself, additives such as oils and petroleum residues, polymers, especially thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or thermoplastic polymers such as atactic polypropylene (APP), mineral stabilizing agents, anti-UV agents or antistatic agents. These additives may represent up to 15% by weight of the bitumen.
  • additives such as oils and petroleum residues, polymers, especially thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or thermoplastic polymers such as atactic polypropylene (APP), mineral stabilizing agents, anti-UV agents or antistatic agents.
  • the bituminous composition is applied to the nonwoven mat in an amount such that the surface density of the bituminous phase is between 500 and 10,000 g / m 2 , preferably between 1000 and 7500 g / m 2 , in particular between 1500 and 6000 g / m 2 .
  • Mineral granules may be applied to one side of the bituminous membrane of the present invention.
  • the bituminous membrane of the present invention is preferably in the form of rolls which can be rolled on roofs, in particular horizontal flat roofs, and glued by heating.
  • the waterproofing membrane of the present invention also includes shingles, i.e., smaller sized membranes cut from roll membranes.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a waterproofing membrane as described above, comprising,
  • an aqueous binder composition comprising a formaldehyde-based resin, preferably in dissolved form in water, and a latex of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA),
  • a non-woven fiberglass mat is made wet.
  • 5 g of cut glass fibers (diameter 13 ⁇ , length 18 mm) are dispersed in 25 liters of water containing 3.75 g of a surfactant (Aerosol C61 from Cytex), 62.5 g of a thickener (Tylose H 100000 YP2 from Shin-Etsu) and 0.87 g of an anti-foaming agent (Agitan 295 from Munzing).
  • the dispersion of fibers is poured into a container whose bottom is provided with a sieve and the dispersion medium is removed by simple flow through the sieve.
  • the glass fibers, evenly distributed on the sieve, are recovered in the form of a raw nonwoven mat.
  • the raw nonwoven mat is immersed in a bath of organic binder in the form of latex.
  • the solids content of the two binder baths is about 7.5% by weight.
  • Table 1 shows the composition (in dry matter) of the binder bath according to the invention containing EVA and a comparison binder bath free of EVA.
  • Vinnapas EN1024 (Wacker) After immersion, the impregnated mat is dried for one minute in a thermostatically controlled oven at 210 ° C.
  • the binder content of the bonded nonwoven mat is 20% based on the weight of the bound mat.
  • the nonwoven bonded mats obtained respectively with the comparative binder and with the binder according to the invention are immersed in a bituminous composition heated to 180 ° C, then removed and cooled to room temperature.
  • the surface density of the bituminous phase is about 2000 g / m 2 .
  • Tensile tensile strength (average value determined on ten cut strips 25 cm x 5 cm) is determined in accordance with ISO 9073-3: 1989. It is 210 ⁇ 28 N / 5cm for the membrane according to the invention (binder containing about 10% by weight of EVA) and 169 ⁇ 27 N / 5cm) for the comparative membrane containing no EVA. It is therefore found that, in the presence of EVA, the tensile strength of the bituminous membrane is improved by about 24%.
  • a non-woven mat of glass fibers C reinforced by glass threads is dry formed.
  • the reinforcing threads are deposited, parallel to each other at intervals of about 12 mm, in the machine direction (warp) on a first portion of mineral fibers forming a nonwoven mat.
  • the assembly is then covered by a second portion of randomly arranged mineral fibers, so that the reinforcing son are sandwiched between two nonwoven mats of mineral fibers.
  • This nonwoven web then receives a comparative binder composition or a binder composition according to the invention (see Table 2 below), deposited by curtain coating.
  • the excess binder composition is removed by a suction device under the nonwoven fabric structure.
  • the solids content by weight of the two binder compositions is about 22%.
  • the nonwoven web impregnated with the binder composition is then transported at a speed of 125 m / minute through a 50 m long oven, heated to a temperature of 260 ° C at the inlet and 180 ° C at the exit.
  • the bonded nonwoven mat is rolled up. Its binder content is 28% expressed relative to the total weight of the bonded mat.
  • the nonwoven bonded mats obtained respectively with the comparative binder and with the binder according to the invention are immersed in a bituminous composition heated to 180 ° C, then removed and cooled to room temperature.
  • Table 3 shows the basis weight and tensile strength, determined in accordance with ISO 9073-3: 1989 according to a direction perpendicular to the reinforcing threads (average value over ten samples of 5 cm x 25 cm) of bonded mats and bituminous membranes made therefrom.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a waterproofing membrane for roofs, formed by - a nonwoven mat of mineral fibers bound by an organic binder and - a bitumenous phase impregnating the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers, the membrane being characterized by the fact that the organic binder comprises from 15% to 95% by weight of a thermoset polymer obtained from a resin based on formaldehyde and 1 to 15% by weight of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), these percentages being expressed relative to the total dry weight of the organic binder. The invention further relates to a process for manufacturing such a waterproofing membrane.

Description

Membranes bitumineuses d'étanchéité pour toiture  Bituminous roof waterproofing membranes
La présente invention concerne des membranes d'étanchéité pour toitures, formées d'un mat non-tissé de fibres minérales liées par un liant organique, ledit mat étant enduit sur au moins une de ses faces d'une couche de bitume. The present invention relates to waterproofing membranes for roofs, formed of a nonwoven mat of mineral fibers bonded with an organic binder, said mat being coated on at least one of its faces with a layer of bitumen.
Les membranes d'étanchéité pour terrasses ou toitures bitumineuses, généralement des toitures horizontales ou à faible pente, sont des membranes en bitume renforcées par des fibres, en particulier par des fibres minérales se présentant généralement sous forme de mats non-tissés.  Sealing membranes for terraces or bituminous roofs, generally horizontal or low slope roofs, are fiber-reinforced bitumen membranes, in particular mineral fibers generally in the form of non-woven mats.
Ces mats non-tissés de fibres minérales sont des mats de renforcement qui ont principalement deux fonctions, à savoir  These nonwoven mineral fiber mats are reinforcing mats which have two main functions, namely
- prévenir la déformation plastique des membranes bitumineuses suite au ramollissement de la phase bitumineuse en cas d'exposition à des températures élevées,  - prevent the plastic deformation of bituminous membranes following the softening of the bituminous phase when exposed to high temperatures,
- augmenter la résistance mécanique des membranes, notamment la résistance à la rupture en traction, mais aussi la résistance à la propagation de déchirure, lorsque les membranes sont fixées par des clous ou agrafes, comme c'est le cas par exemple de bardeaux découpés à partir de telles membranes bitumineuses. to increase the mechanical strength of the membranes, in particular the tensile breaking strength, but also the resistance to tear propagation, when the membranes are fastened by nails or staples, as is the case for example with shingles cut to length; from such bituminous membranes.
Pour renforcer efficacement les membranes bitumineuses à chaud et à froid, les mats non-tissés doivent être liés par un liant non thermofusible. Il est connu d'utiliser des résines thermodurcissables à base de formaldéhyde, par exemple des résines mélamine-formaldéhyde, phénol-formaldéhyde ou urée-formaldéhyde en tant que liants organiques pour des mats non-tissés destinés à renforcer des membranes bitumineuses d'étanchéité. To effectively reinforce hot and cold bituminous membranes, the nonwoven mats must be bonded by a non-hot melt binder. It is known to use thermosetting resins based on formaldehyde, for example melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resins as organic binders for non-woven mats for reinforcing bituminous waterproofing membranes.
Le brevet US 6 993 876 divulgue des membranes bitumineuses pour toitures, formées d'un mat en fibres de verre lié par une résine urée- formaldéhyde, et d'une phase bitumineuse. Ces membranes contiennent un agent de modification de l'adhésion entre le mat et la phase bitumineuse. Cet agent, un polydiméthylsiloxane, en réduisant l'adhésion entre les fibres de verre du mat et la phase bitumineuse permet à cette dernière de « glisser » sur les fibres de verre, ce qui - en cas de déchirure - donne lieu à l'apparition de fibres « pull-out », terme anglais que l'on pourrait traduire par fibres « sorties ou dénudées par traction », qui freinent la propagation de la déchirure amorcée. Ce document mentionne uniquement l'effet du PDMS sur la résistance à la propagation d'une déchirure {tear strength, ASTM D-1362) mais ne traite pas l'aspect de la résistance à la rupture en traction (tensile strength) des membranes, ce qui est cohérent avec une utilisation des membranes sous forme de bardeaux de petite taille, fixés sur la toiture par des moyens mécaniques tels que des clous. US Pat. No. 6,993,876 discloses bituminous roofing membranes formed of a glass fiber mat bonded with a urea-formaldehyde resin and a bituminous phase. These membranes contain an agent for modifying the adhesion between the mat and the bituminous phase. This agent, a polydimethylsiloxane, by reducing the adhesion between the glass fibers of the mat and the bituminous phase allows the latter to "slip" on fiberglass, which - in the event of a tear - gives rise to the appearance of pull-out fibers, an English term which could be translated as "pulled or stripped" fibers, which slow down the propagation of the primed tear. This document only mentions the effect of PDMS on the tear strength, ASTM D-1362, but does not address the tensile strength of membranes. which is consistent with the use of membranes in the form of small shingles, fixed on the roof by mechanical means such as nails.
La Demanderesse, dans le cadre de ses recherches visant à améliorer la résistance à la rupture en traction de membranes bitumineuses renforcées par des mats non-tissés en fibres de verre, avait obtenu des résultats intéressants en associant une résine mélamine-formaldéhyde à différents polymères organiques tels que les homopolymères d'acide acrylique, les résines alkyde, les copolymères éthylène-acide acrylique (voir FR 3023283, WO2016/001606, WO2016/001607). Malheureusement les résultats expérimentaux exposés dans ces demandes se sont avérés insuffisamment reproductibles pour permettre la fabrication de membranes bitumineuses à l'échelle industrielle et la Demanderesse a dû poursuivre ses recherches visant à améliorer la résistance à la rupture en traction de membranes bitumineuses.  The Applicant, in the context of its research to improve the tensile strength of tensile membranes reinforced with fiberglass nonwoven mats, had obtained interesting results by combining a melamine-formaldehyde resin with different organic polymers. such as homopolymers of acrylic acid, alkyd resins, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (see FR 3023283, WO2016 / 001606, WO2016 / 001607). Unfortunately the experimental results set forth in these applications have proved insufficiently reproducible to allow the manufacture of bituminous membranes on an industrial scale and the Applicant has had to continue its research aimed at improving the tensile rupture strength of bituminous membranes.
La présente invention est basée sur la découverte qu'une proportion relativement faible - de l'ordre de quelques pourcents seulement - d'un copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA) dans le liant organique à base de résine formaldéhyde d'un mat non-tissé de fibres minérales, permettait d'augmenter significativement, la résistance à la rupture en traction d'une membrane d'étanchéité bitumineuse renforcée par un tel mat non-tissé.  The present invention is based on the discovery that a relatively low proportion - of the order of a few percent only - of an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in the organic resin-based formaldehyde resin binder. a non-woven mat of mineral fibers, allowed to significantly increase the tensile strength of a tensile waterproofing membrane reinforced by such a non-woven mat.
Cette augmentation est assez surprenante car la résistance à la rupture en traction du mat lui-même ne se trouve pas augmentée par la présence de l'EVA dans le liant. Sans vouloir être liée par une théorie particulière, la Demanderesse pense que la meilleure résistance à la rupture en traction des membranes bitumineuses pourrait être due à une meilleure adhésion de la phase bitumineuse au mat de fibres de verre. La phase bitumineuse a un caractère hydrophobe et l'EVA, également assez hydrophobe, pourrait améliorer l'affinité de la phase bitumineuse pour le liant enrobant les fibres de verre du mat. This increase is quite surprising because the tensile strength of the mat itself is not increased by the presence of EVA in the binder. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the Applicant believes that the best resistance to fracture in traction of the bituminous membranes could be due to a better adhesion of the bituminous phase to the mat of glass fibers. The bituminous phase has a hydrophobic character and the EVA, also quite hydrophobic, could improve the affinity of the bituminous phase for the binder encapsulating the glass fibers of the mat.
La présente invention a donc pour objet une membrane d'étanchéité pour toitures, formée par  The present invention therefore relates to a waterproofing membrane for roofs formed by
- un mat non-tissé de fibres minérales liées par un liant organique et a nonwoven mat of mineral fibers bound by an organic binder and
- une phase bitumineuse imprégnant le mat non-tissé de fibres minérales, a bituminous phase impregnating the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers,
la membrane étant caractérisée par le fait que le liant organique comprend de 15 % à 95 % en poids d'un polymère thermodurci obtenu à partir d'une résine à base de formaldéhyde et de 1 à 15 % en poids d'un copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA), ces pourcentages étant exprimés par rapport au poids sec total du liant organique. the membrane being characterized in that the organic binder comprises from 15% to 95% by weight of a thermoset polymer obtained from a formaldehyde-based resin and from 1 to 15% by weight of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), these percentages being expressed relative to the total dry weight of the organic binder.
Les mats non-tissés de fibres minérales, aussi appelés « intissés » ou « voiles », peuvent être fabriqués selon les procédés connus par voie sèche ou par voie humide. The nonwoven mats of mineral fibers, also called "non-woven" or "sails", can be manufactured according to known methods by dry or wet methods.
Dans le procédé par voie sèche, de la matière minérale fondue contenue dans un four est acheminée vers un ensemble de filières à partir desquelles des filaments s'écoulent par gravité et sont étirés par un fluide gazeux. Les filaments minéraux sont récoltés sur un convoyeur où ils s'entremêlent en formant un mat.  In the dry process, molten mineral matter contained in an oven is fed to a set of dies from which filaments flow by gravity and are drawn by a gaseous fluid. The mineral filaments are harvested on a conveyor where they intermingle forming a mat.
Sur la face supérieure du mat ainsi formé, on applique à l'aide d'un dispositif adapté un liant organique, le plus souvent par dépôt par rideau, et on élimine l'excès de liant organique par aspiration au niveau de la face opposée. Le mat entre ensuite dans un dispositif contenant de l'air chaud dont la température, de l'ordre de 200 à 250 °C, est adaptée pour éliminer l'eau et réticuler le liant organique en un temps très court, de l'ordre d'une dizaine de secondes à 1 minute, puis le mat de fibres minérales lié est collecté sous la forme d'un enroulement. Dans le procédé par voie humide, le mat est obtenu à partir d'une dispersion aqueuse de fibres minérales coupées qui est déposée au moyen d'une tête de formage sur un convoyeur muni de perforations et l'eau est extraite à travers le convoyeur grâce à un caisson d'aspiration. Les fibres minérales coupées restant sur le convoyeur forment un mat qui est traité dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites pour le procédé par voie sèche. On the upper surface of the mat thus formed, an organic binder is applied using a suitable device, usually by curtain deposition, and the excess organic binder is removed by suction at the opposite side. The mat then enters a device containing hot air whose temperature, of the order of 200 to 250 ° C, is adapted to remove the water and crosslink the organic binder in a very short time, of the order from ten seconds to 1 minute, then the bound mineral fiber mat is collected in the form of a coil. In the wet process, the mat is obtained from an aqueous dispersion of cut mineral fibers which is deposited by means of a forming head on a conveyor provided with perforations and the water is extracted through the conveyor through to a suction box. The cut mineral fibers remaining on the conveyor form a mat which is treated under the same conditions as those described for the dry process.
Les fibres minérales formant un mat non-tissé fabriqué par voie humide ont typiquement une longueur comprise entre 20 et 150 mm, avantageusement entre 30 et 100 mm et en particulier entre 50 et 70 mm. Leur diamètre peut varier dans une large mesure, par exemple entre 5 et 30 μιτι.  The mineral fibers forming a nonwoven mat produced by wet processes typically have a length of between 20 and 150 mm, advantageously between 30 and 100 mm and in particular between 50 and 70 mm. Their diameter may vary to a large extent, for example between 5 and 30 μιτι.
Lorsque la membrane d'étanchéité de la présente invention doit résister à de fortes contraintes mécaniques, il peut être utile de renforcer le mat non-tissé par un réseau de fils minéraux, en particulier des fils de verre, disposés de préférence parallèlement les uns aux autres. Chaque fils est composé d'une multitude de filaments très fins. Ces fils minéraux sont généralement déposés sur le dispositif de convoyage du mat dans le sens d'avancement du mat et répartis sur tout ou partie de la largeur du mat. Elles sont de préférence déposées entre deux couches de fibres minérales.  When the waterproofing membrane of the present invention must withstand high mechanical stresses, it may be useful to reinforce the nonwoven mat by a network of mineral threads, in particular glass threads, preferably arranged parallel to each other. other. Each thread is composed of a multitude of very fine filaments. These mineral threads are generally deposited on the conveyor device of the mat in the direction of advancement of the mat and distributed over all or part of the width of the mat. They are preferably deposited between two layers of mineral fibers.
Dans un mode de réalisation le mat non-tissé comprend donc des fils minéraux, en particulier des fils de verre, disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres, et de préférence dans le sens machine, entre deux couches de fibres minérales disposées aléatoirement.  In one embodiment, the nonwoven mat therefore comprises mineral threads, in particular glass threads, arranged parallel to each other, and preferably in the machine direction, between two randomly arranged mineral fiber layers.
Dans les procédés précités, le liant organique a pour fonction de lier les fibres minérales entre-elles et de conférer au mat qui les contient des propriétés mécaniques adaptées à l'usage désiré, notamment une rigidité suffisante pour pouvoir être manipulé facilement et une résistance mécanique suffisante pour recevoir la phase bitumineuse sans se déchirer.  In the abovementioned processes, the function of the organic binder is to bind the mineral fibers together and to give the mat containing them mechanical properties suitable for the desired use, in particular sufficient rigidity to be easily handled and mechanical strength. sufficient to receive the bituminous phase without tearing.
Le poids surfacique du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales lié est avantageusement compris entre 20 et 500 g/m2, de préférence entre 25 et 350 g/m2, en particulier entre 30 et 150 g/m2. Sa teneur en liant organique est avantageusement comprise entre 5 et 40 % en poids, de préférence entre 10 et 35 % en poids, en particulier entre 15 et 30 % en poids. Cette teneur en liant organique est égale à la différence entre le poids sec du mat non-tissé avant application du liant et le poids sec du mat non-tissé lié, rapportée au poids sec du mat non-tissé lié. The weight per unit area of the nonwoven mat of bound mineral fibers is advantageously between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 25 and 350 g / m 2 , in particular between 30 and 150 g / m 2 . Its organic binder content is advantageously between 5 and 40% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35% by weight, in particular between 15 and 30% by weight. This organic binder content is equal to the difference between the dry weight of the non-woven mat before application of the binder and the dry weight of the bonded nonwoven mat, based on the dry weight of the bonded nonwoven mat.
Lorsque le liant organique est constitué uniquement de composants organiques combustibles, cette teneur en liant organique est identique à ce qu'on appelle habituellement dans le domaine technique des textiles de verre la perte au feu (LOI, de l'anglais loss on ignition). Le liant organique peut toutefois contenir une certaine fraction de composants minéraux, par exemples des charges particulaires minérales. Cette fraction n'excède généralement pas 20 % en poids du liant organique. Lorsque le liant organique contient une telle charge minérale sa perte au feu (LOI) sera donc inférieure à la teneur en liant organique du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales.  When the organic binder consists only of combustible organic components, this content of organic binder is identical to what is usually called in the technical field of glass textiles loss of ignition (LOI). The organic binder may however contain a certain fraction of mineral components, for example mineral particulate fillers. This fraction generally does not exceed 20% by weight of the organic binder. When the organic binder contains such a mineral filler its loss on ignition (LOI) will be lower than the organic binder content of the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers.
Le liant organique du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales comprend de The organic binder of the nonwoven mineral fiber mat comprises of
15 % à 95 % en poids, de préférence de 15 à 40 % en poids, et plus préférentiellement de 20 à 30 % en poids, de polymère thermodurci obtenu par réticulation d'une résine à base de formaldéhyde. La résine formaldéhyde est choisie avantageusement dans le groupe constitué des résines mélamine-formaldéhyde, urée-formaldéhyde, phénol-formaldéhyde ou d'un mélange de telles résines. La Demanderesse a obtenu d'excellents résultats avec une résine mélamine-formaldéhyde. 15% to 95% by weight, preferably 15 to 40% by weight, and more preferably 20 to 30% by weight, of thermoset polymer obtained by crosslinking a formaldehyde-based resin. The formaldehyde resin is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde resins or a mixture of such resins. The Applicant has obtained excellent results with a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
Le liant organique du mat non-tissé contient en outre de 1 à 15 % en poids, de préférence de 2 à 12 % en poids, et plus préférentiellement de 4 à 10 % en poids d'un copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA).  The organic binder of the nonwoven mat further contains from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 2 to 12% by weight, and more preferably from 4 to 10% by weight of a copolymer of ethylene and acetate vinyl (EVA).
Les teneurs en polymère thermodurci et en EVA indiquées ci-dessus sont rapportées au poids sec total du liant organique, ce dernier pouvant comprendre une charge minérale ou un autre composant organique.  The thermoset polymer and EVA contents indicated above are based on the total dry weight of the organic binder, the latter possibly comprising a mineral filler or another organic component.
Il est connu, par exemple des demandes FR 3023283, WO2016/001606 et WO2016/001607 déjà mentionnées en introduction, d'incorporer dans le liant organique une fraction assez importante d'au moins un polysaccharide. Ce polysaccharide diminue considérablement le coût du liant organique sans affecter négativement les propriétés mécaniques du mat lié. It is known, for example from applications FR 3023283, WO2016 / 001606 and WO2016 / 001607 already mentioned in the introduction, to incorporate in the organic binder a rather large fraction of at least one polysaccharide. This polysaccharide considerably reduces the cost of organic binder without negatively affecting the mechanical properties of the bound mat.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le liant organique comprend par conséquent en outre jusqu'à 75 % en poids, rapporté au poids sec total du liant, d'un polysaccharide.  In a preferred embodiment, the organic binder therefore further comprises up to 75% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the binder, of a polysaccharide.
Le polysaccharide est constitué d'une pluralité de motifs saccharidiques comprenant de préférence plus de 50 % en poids de motifs de glucose. La masse molaire du polysaccharide peut varier dans une large mesure de manière à englober les dextrines et les amidons, notamment les amidons de masse molaire au moins égale à 105 g/mole et pouvant aller jusqu'à 109 g/mole. The polysaccharide consists of a plurality of saccharide units preferably comprising more than 50% by weight of glucose units. The molar mass of the polysaccharide can vary to a large extent so as to include dextrins and starches, especially starches with a molar mass of at least 10 5 g / mol and up to 10 9 g / mol.
Le polysaccharide est de préférence de l'amidon ou un dérivé d'amidon, par exemple un ester d'amidon tel que l'amidon acétylé, ou un éther d'amidon tel que l'amidon hydroxyalkylé. Lorsque l'amidon est un amidon natif, c'est-à-dire non modifié par voie chimique, il est utilisé avantageusement sous forme prégélatinisée par chauffage à une température au moins égale à 60 °C.  The polysaccharide is preferably starch or a starch derivative, for example a starch ester such as acetylated starch, or a starch ether such as hydroxyalkylated starch. When the starch is a native starch, that is to say unmodified chemically, it is advantageously used in pregelatinized form by heating at a temperature of at least 60 ° C.
La teneur en polysaccharide du liant organique, exprimée en poids sec, est de préférence comprise entre 20 et 75 % en poids, en particulier entre 50 et 70 % en poids.  The polysaccharide content of the organic binder, expressed in dry weight, is preferably between 20 and 75% by weight, in particular between 50 and 70% by weight.
Le copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA) utilisable dans la présente invention peut être un copolymère thermoplastique ou bien un copolymère thermodurcissable. Il s'agit de préférence d'un copolymère thermodurcissable. Le terme « copolymère » englobe dans la présente demande des polymères comportant deux, trois ou plus de trois comonomères différents.  The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer usable in the present invention may be a thermoplastic copolymer or a thermosetting copolymer. It is preferably a thermosetting copolymer. The term "copolymer" embraces in this application polymers having two, three or more different comonomers.
Les copolymères thermoplastiques peuvent être des copolymères constitués exclusivement d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle, ou bien des copolymères formés majoritairement d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle et d'une faible fraction d'un ou plusieurs comonomères apportant des fonctionnalités particulières, par exemple une meilleure résistance au feu (comonomères halogénés) ou une aptitude à former des dispersions stables dans l'eau (comonomères ionisés ou ionisables). The thermoplastic copolymers may be copolymers consisting exclusively of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or else copolymers formed mainly of ethylene and vinyl acetate and of a small fraction of one or more comonomers providing particular functionalities. eg better fire resistance (halogenated comonomers) or an ability to form stable dispersions in water (ionized or ionizable comonomers).
Les EVA thermodurcissables contiennent, outre les motifs éthylène et acétate de vinyle, des comonomères de réticulation tels que le N-méthylolacrylamide ou un mélange de N-méthylolacrylamide et d'acrylamide. Bien entendu, les EVA thermodurcissables peuvent également contenir des comonomères ionisés, halogénés etc. apportant des propriétés spécifiques.  The thermosetting EVAs contain, in addition to the ethylene and vinyl acetate units, crosslinking comonomers such as N-methylolacrylamide or a mixture of N-methylolacrylamide and acrylamide. Of course, the thermosetting EVAs may also contain ionized, halogenated comonomers, etc. bringing specific properties.
Des EVA thermodurcissables se présentant sous forme de latex et qui sont utilisables en tant que liant de matériaux fibreux sont connus depuis longtemps et décrits, entre autres, dans les demandes EP1777241 , EP1905878 et US 4044197. Ils sont disponibles sur le marché par exemple sous la dénomination Vinnapas® (Wacker). Thermosetting EVAs in the form of latices which can be used as binders of fibrous materials have been known for a long time and are described, inter alia, in applications EP1777241, EP1905878 and US Pat. No. 4,044,197. They are available on the market, for example under the denomination Vinnapas ® (Wacker).
La résine à base de formaldéhyde, généralement en solution dans l'eau et l'EVA, généralement sous forme de latex, sont simplement mélangés l'une avec l'autre et éventuellement avec des ingrédients additionnels, tels que des polysaccharides, des charges minérales, des agents retardateurs de flamme, des tensio-actifs, des modificateurs de rhéologie, des agents antimousse. La teneur en solides de la composition aqueuse de liant est avantageusement comprise entre environ 5 % et 40 %, de préférence entre 7 % et 25 %. La composition aqueuse de liant est utilisée pour l'imprégnation du mat non-tissé brut, par exemple par immersion, enduction ou pulvérisation, puis le liant est séché et réticulé (durci) dans une étuve.  The formaldehyde-based resin, generally in solution in water and EVA, generally in latex form, are simply mixed with each other and optionally with additional ingredients, such as polysaccharides, mineral fillers flame retardants, surfactants, rheology modifiers, antifoam agents. The solids content of the aqueous binder composition is advantageously between about 5% and 40%, preferably between 7% and 25%. The aqueous binder composition is used for impregnating the raw nonwoven mat, for example by dipping, coating or spraying, and then the binder is dried and cured (cured) in an oven.
Le liant organique du mat non-tissé ne contient de préférence pas de colophane ni de résine alkyde.  The organic binder of the nonwoven mat preferably does not contain rosin or alkyd resin.
La phase bitumineuse est appliquée sur le mat non-tissé lié par n'importe quelle technique appropriée, par exemple par enduction à l'état ramolli ou fondu, par pulvérisation (spray coating) d'une émulsion de bitume, ou encore par immersion (dip-coating) dans un bain de bitume fondu ou dans une émulsion de bitume.  The bituminous phase is applied to the nonwoven mat bonded by any suitable technique, for example by softening or melting, by spraying (spray coating) a bitumen emulsion, or by immersion ( dip-coating) in a bath of molten bitumen or in an emulsion of bitumen.
La composition de bitume appliquée peut contenir, outre le bitume proprement dit, des additifs tels que des huiles et résidus de pétrole, des polymères, notamment des élastomères thermoplastiques tels que les styrène-butadiène-styrène (SBS) ou des polymères thermoplastiques tels que le polypropylène atactique (APP), des agents de stabilisation minéraux, des agents anti-UV ou des agents antistatiques. Ces additifs peuvent représenter jusqu'à 15 % en poids du bitume. The applied bitumen composition may contain, in addition to the bitumen itself, additives such as oils and petroleum residues, polymers, especially thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or thermoplastic polymers such as atactic polypropylene (APP), mineral stabilizing agents, anti-UV agents or antistatic agents. These additives may represent up to 15% by weight of the bitumen.
La composition bitumineuse est appliquée sur le mat non-tissé en une quantité telle que la masse surfacique de la phase bitumineuse est comprise entre 500 et 10.000 g/m2, de préférence entre 1000 et 7500 g/m2, en particulier entre 1500 et 6000 g/m2. The bituminous composition is applied to the nonwoven mat in an amount such that the surface density of the bituminous phase is between 500 and 10,000 g / m 2 , preferably between 1000 and 7500 g / m 2 , in particular between 1500 and 6000 g / m 2 .
Des granules minéraux peuvent être appliqués sur une face de la membrane bitumineuse de la présente invention.  Mineral granules may be applied to one side of the bituminous membrane of the present invention.
La membrane bitumineuse de la présente invention se présente de préférence sous forme de rouleaux qui peuvent être déroulés sur des toitures, en particulier des toitures-terrasses horizontales, et collées par chauffage.  The bituminous membrane of the present invention is preferably in the form of rolls which can be rolled on roofs, in particular horizontal flat roofs, and glued by heating.
La membrane d'étanchéité de la présente invention englobe toutefois également des bardeaux {shingles), c'est-à-dire des membranes de plus petite taille découpées à partir de membranes en rouleau.  The waterproofing membrane of the present invention, however, also includes shingles, i.e., smaller sized membranes cut from roll membranes.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une membrane d'étanchéité telle que décrite ci-avant, comprenant,  The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a waterproofing membrane as described above, comprising,
- la mise à disposition d'un mat non-tissé de fibres minérales brut, the provision of a non-woven mat of raw mineral fibers,
- l'imprégnation du mat non-tissé brut avec une composition aqueuse de liant comprenant une résine à base de formaldéhyde, de préférence sous forme dissoute dans l'eau, et un latex d'un copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA), impregnating the raw nonwoven mat with an aqueous binder composition comprising a formaldehyde-based resin, preferably in dissolved form in water, and a latex of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA),
- la cuisson du mat non-tissé imprégné avec la composition aqueuse de liant par chauffage de manière à obtenir un mat non-tissé lié,  baking the nonwoven mat impregnated with the aqueous binder composition by heating so as to obtain a bonded nonwoven mat,
- l'imprégnation du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales lié avec une composition bitumineuse chauffée ou sous forme d'émulsion,  impregnation of the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers bonded with a heated bituminous composition or in the form of an emulsion,
- refroidissement ou séchage de la composition bitumineuse. Exemple 1 cooling or drying the bituminous composition. Example 1
Fabrication du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales  Manufacture of non-woven mineral fiber mat
On fabrique un mat non-tissé de fibres de verre par voie humide. Pour cela on disperse 5 g de fibres de verre coupées (diamètre 13 μιτι, longueur 18 mm) dans 25 litres d'eau contenant 3,75 g d'un agent tensioactif (Aérosol C61 de la société Cytex), 62,5 g d'un épaississant (Tylose H 100000 YP2 de la société Shin-Etsu) et 0,87 g d'un agent anti-mousse (Agitan 295 de la société Munzing).  A non-woven fiberglass mat is made wet. For this purpose, 5 g of cut glass fibers (diameter 13 μιτι, length 18 mm) are dispersed in 25 liters of water containing 3.75 g of a surfactant (Aerosol C61 from Cytex), 62.5 g of a thickener (Tylose H 100000 YP2 from Shin-Etsu) and 0.87 g of an anti-foaming agent (Agitan 295 from Munzing).
La dispersion de fibres est versée dans un récipient dont le fond est pourvu d'un tamis et le milieu de dispersion est éliminé par simple écoulement à travers le tamis. Les fibres de verre, uniformément réparties sur le tamis, sont récupérées sous la forme d'un mat non-tissé brut.  The dispersion of fibers is poured into a container whose bottom is provided with a sieve and the dispersion medium is removed by simple flow through the sieve. The glass fibers, evenly distributed on the sieve, are recovered in the form of a raw nonwoven mat.
Le mat non-tissé brut est immergé dans un bain de liant organique se présentant sous forme de latex. La teneur en solides des deux bains de liant est d'environ 7,5% en poids.  The raw nonwoven mat is immersed in a bath of organic binder in the form of latex. The solids content of the two binder baths is about 7.5% by weight.
Le tableau 1 montre la composition (en matières sèches) du bain de liant selon l'invention contenant de l'EVA et d'un bain de liant comparatif exempt d'EVA.  Table 1 shows the composition (in dry matter) of the binder bath according to the invention containing EVA and a comparison binder bath free of EVA.
Tableau 1 Table 1
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
CML038 commercialisée par Momentive  CML038 marketed by Momentive
2) Tackidex G076 (Roquette) - (CAS 9045-28-7) 2) Tackidex G076 (Rocket) - (CAS 9045-28-7)
3) Euroflex 6032 (EOC) 3) Euroflex 6032 (EOC)
4) Euroflex 61 19 (EOC) 4) Euroflex 61 19 (EOC)
5)Vinnapas EN1024 (Wacker) Après immersion, le mat imprégné est séché pendant une minute dans une étuve thermostatée à 210 °C. Le taux de liant du mat non-tissé lié est de 20 % exprimé par rapport au poids du mat lié. 5 ) Vinnapas EN1024 (Wacker) After immersion, the impregnated mat is dried for one minute in a thermostatically controlled oven at 210 ° C. The binder content of the bonded nonwoven mat is 20% based on the weight of the bound mat.
Fabrication de la membrane bitumineuse Bituminous Membrane Manufacturing
Les mats non-tissés liés obtenus respectivement avec le liant comparatif et avec le liant selon l'invention sont immergés dans une composition bitumineuse chauffée à 180 °C, puis retirés et refroidis jusqu'à température ambiante. La masse surfacique de la phase bitumineuse est d'environ 2000 g/m2. The nonwoven bonded mats obtained respectively with the comparative binder and with the binder according to the invention are immersed in a bituminous composition heated to 180 ° C, then removed and cooled to room temperature. The surface density of the bituminous phase is about 2000 g / m 2 .
La résistance à la rupture en traction (valeur moyenne déterminée sur dix bandelettes découpées de 25 cm x 5 cm) est déterminée conformément à la norme ISO 9073-3 :1989. Elle est de 210 ± 28 N/5cm pour la membrane selon l'invention (liant contenant environ 10 % en poids d'EVA) et de 169 ± 27 N/5cm) pour la membrane comparative ne contenant pas d'EVA. On constate donc qu'en présence d'EVA, la résistance à la rupture en traction de la membrane bitumineuse est améliorée d'environ 24 %. Exemple 2  Tensile tensile strength (average value determined on ten cut strips 25 cm x 5 cm) is determined in accordance with ISO 9073-3: 1989. It is 210 ± 28 N / 5cm for the membrane according to the invention (binder containing about 10% by weight of EVA) and 169 ± 27 N / 5cm) for the comparative membrane containing no EVA. It is therefore found that, in the presence of EVA, the tensile strength of the bituminous membrane is improved by about 24%. Example 2
Fabrication du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales  Manufacture of non-woven mineral fiber mat
Dans une installation industrielle on forme par voie sèche un mat non- tissé de fibres de verre C renforcé par des fils de verre. Les fils de renforcement sont déposés, parallèlement les uns aux autres à des intervalles d'environ 12 mm, dans le sens machine (chaîne) sur une première partie de fibres minérales formant un mat non-tissé. L'ensemble est ensuite couvert par une deuxième partie de fibres minérales disposées aléatoirement, de manière à ce que les fils de renforcement soient pris en sandwich entre deux mats non-tissés en fibres minérales. Cette nappe non- tissée reçoit ensuite une composition de liant comparative ou une composition de liant selon l'invention (voir Tableau 2 ci-dessous), déposée par enduction au rideau. L'excédent de composition de liant est éliminé par un dispositif d'aspiration sous la structure textile non-tissée. In an industrial installation, a non-woven mat of glass fibers C reinforced by glass threads is dry formed. The reinforcing threads are deposited, parallel to each other at intervals of about 12 mm, in the machine direction (warp) on a first portion of mineral fibers forming a nonwoven mat. The assembly is then covered by a second portion of randomly arranged mineral fibers, so that the reinforcing son are sandwiched between two nonwoven mats of mineral fibers. This nonwoven web then receives a comparative binder composition or a binder composition according to the invention (see Table 2 below), deposited by curtain coating. The excess binder composition is removed by a suction device under the nonwoven fabric structure.
La teneur pondérale en matières solides des deux compositions de liant est d'environ 22%.  The solids content by weight of the two binder compositions is about 22%.
La nappe non-tissée imprégnée avec la composition de liant est ensuite transportée avec une vitesse de 125 m/minute à travers une étuve d'une longueur de 50 m, chauffée à une température de 260 °C à l'entrée et de 180 °C à la sortie. Le mat non-tissé lié est enroulé. Sa teneur en liant est de 28 % exprimé par rapport au poids total du mat lié.  The nonwoven web impregnated with the binder composition is then transported at a speed of 125 m / minute through a 50 m long oven, heated to a temperature of 260 ° C at the inlet and 180 ° C at the exit. The bonded nonwoven mat is rolled up. Its binder content is 28% expressed relative to the total weight of the bonded mat.
Tableau 2 Table 2
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
Vywica MW-44 (Lerg, République Tchèque)  Vywica MW-44 (Lerg, Czech Republic)
2) Tackidex G076 (Roquette) - (CAS 9045-28-7) 2) Tackidex G076 (Rocket) - (CAS 9045-28-7)
3) Mowiol 40-88 (Clariant) 3) Mowiol 40-88 (Clariant)
4,Synexil F1 1 (Synthos) 4 , Synexil F1 1 (Synthos)
5)Vinnapas EN1024 (Wacker) 5) Vinnapas EN1024 (Wacker)
Fabrication de la membrane bitumineuse Bituminous Membrane Manufacturing
Les mats non-tissés liés obtenus respectivement avec le liant comparatif et avec le liant selon l'invention sont immergés dans une composition bitumineuse chauffée à 180 °C, puis retirés et refroidis jusqu'à température ambiante.  The nonwoven bonded mats obtained respectively with the comparative binder and with the binder according to the invention are immersed in a bituminous composition heated to 180 ° C, then removed and cooled to room temperature.
Le tableau 3 montre la masse surfacique et la résistance à la rupture en traction, déterminée conformément à la norme ISO 9073-3 :1989 selon une direction perpendiculaire aux fils de renforcement (valeur moyenne sur dix échantillons de 5 cm x 25 cm) des mats liés et des membranes bitumineuses fabriquées à partir de ceux-ci. Tableau 3 Table 3 shows the basis weight and tensile strength, determined in accordance with ISO 9073-3: 1989 according to a direction perpendicular to the reinforcing threads (average value over ten samples of 5 cm x 25 cm) of bonded mats and bituminous membranes made therefrom. Table 3
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
On peut constater que le remplacement des PVOH et PVAc par l'EVA n'augmente pas la résistance à la rupture en traction du mat non-tissé en lui- même, mais accroît significativement, à savoir de 23 %, la résistance à la rupture en traction des membranes bitumineuses fabriquées à partir de ces mats non-tissés. Cette amélioration est attribuée à une meilleure adhésion entre le mat non-tissé lié et la phase bitumineuse. L'EVA peut donc être considéré comme un promoteur d'adhésion. It can be seen that the replacement of PVOH and PVAc with EVA does not increase the tensile strength of the nonwoven mat per se, but significantly increases the breaking strength by 23%. in traction bituminous membranes made from these non-woven mats. This improvement is attributed to a better adhesion between the bonded non-woven mat and the bituminous phase. EVA can therefore be considered as an adhesion promoter.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Membrane d'étanchéité pour toitures, formée par 1. Roof waterproofing membrane formed by
- un mat non-tissé de fibres minérales liées par un liant organique et a nonwoven mat of mineral fibers bound by an organic binder and
- une phase bitumineuse imprégnant le mat non-tissé de fibres minérales, a bituminous phase impregnating the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers,
la membrane étant caractérisée par le fait que le liant organique comprend de 15 % à 95 % en poids d'un polymère thermodurci obtenu à partir d'une résine à base de formaldéhyde et de 1 à 15 % en poids d'un copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA), ces pourcentages étant exprimés par rapport au poids sec total du liant organique. the membrane being characterized in that the organic binder comprises from 15% to 95% by weight of a thermoset polymer obtained from a formaldehyde-based resin and from 1 to 15% by weight of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), these percentages being expressed relative to the total dry weight of the organic binder.
2. Membrane d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée par le fait que le liant organique comprend en outre jusqu'à 75 % en poids, rapporté au poids sec total du liant, d'un polysaccharide.  2. waterproofing membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic binder further comprises up to 75% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the binder, a polysaccharide.
3. Membrane d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée par le fait que le polymère thermodurci est obtenu à partir d'une résine mélamine-formaldéhyde, urée-formaldéhyde, phénol-formaldéhyde ou d'un mélange de ces résines, de préférence une résine mélamine- formaldéhyde.  3. waterproofing membrane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermoset polymer is obtained from a melamine-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or a mixture of these resins, preferably a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
4. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que l'EVA est un polymère réticulé contenant, outre les motifs éthylène et acétate de vinyle, des comonomères de réticulation.  4. Waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the EVA is a crosslinked polymer containing, in addition to the ethylene and vinyl acetate units, crosslinking comonomers.
5. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que le liant organique comprend  5. waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organic binder comprises
- de 20 à 75 % en poids, de préférence de 50 à 70 % en poids d'un polysaccharide,  from 20 to 75% by weight, preferably from 50 to 70% by weight of a polysaccharide,
- de 15 à 40 % en poids, de préférence de 20 à 30 % en poids, de polymère thermodurci obtenu à partir d'une résine à base de formaldéhyde, et - de 2 à 12 % en poids, de préférence de 4 à 10 % en poids d'EVA.from 15 to 40% by weight, preferably from 20 to 30% by weight, of thermoset polymer obtained from a formaldehyde-based resin, and from 2 to 12% by weight, preferably from 4 to 10% by weight of EVA.
6. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que le polysaccharide est de l'amidon. 6. waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polysaccharide is starch.
7. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le poids surfacique du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales lié est compris entre 20 et 500 g/m2, de préférence entre 25 et 350 g/m2, en particulier entre 30 et 150 g/m2. 7. Waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight per unit area of the nonwoven mat of bound mineral fibers is between 20 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 25 and 350 g. / m 2 , in particular between 30 and 150 g / m 2 .
8. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que la teneur en liant organique du mat non-tissé de fibres minérales est comprise entre 5 et 40 % en poids, de préférence entre 10 et 35 % en poids, en particulier entre 15 et 30 % en poids.  8. A waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organic binder content of the nonwoven mat of mineral fibers is between 5 and 40% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35%. by weight, in particular between 15 and 30% by weight.
9. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que la masse surfacique de la phase bitumineuse est comprise entre 500 et 10.000 g/m2, de préférence entre 1000 et 7500 g/m2, en particulier entre 1500 et 6000 g/m2. 9. Waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight per unit area of the bituminous phase is between 500 and 10,000 g / m 2 , preferably between 1000 and 7500 g / m 2 , in particularly between 1500 and 6000 g / m 2 .
10. Membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'elle se présente sous forme de rouleau.  10. Waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of a roller.
1 1 . Membrane d'étanchéité selon a revendication 1 1 , caractérisé par le fait que le mat non-tissé comprend en outre des fils minéraux, en particulier des fils de verre, disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres, de préférence dans le sens machine, entre deux couches de fibres minérales disposées aléatoirement.  1 1. Sealing membrane according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the nonwoven mat further comprises mineral threads, in particular glass threads, arranged parallel to one another, preferably in the machine direction, between two layers of mineral fibers arranged randomly.
12. Procédé de fabrication d'une membrane d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant,  A method of manufacturing a waterproofing membrane according to any one of the preceding claims comprising
- la mise à disposition d'un mat non-tissé de fibres minérales brut, the provision of a non-woven mat of raw mineral fibers,
- l'imprégnation du mat non-tissé brut avec une composition aqueuse de liant comprenant une résine à base de formaldéhyde, de préférence sous forme dissoute dans l'eau, et un latex d'un copolymère d'éthylène et d'acétate de vinyle (EVA), - la cuisson du mat non-tissé i mprégné avec la composition aqueuse de liant par chauffage de manière à obtenir un mat non-tissé lié, impregnating the raw nonwoven mat with an aqueous binder composition comprising a formaldehyde-based resin, preferably in dissolved form in water, and a latex of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), baking the nonwoven mat impregnated with the aqueous binder composition by heating to obtain a bonded nonwoven mat,
- l 'i mprégnation du mat non-tissé de fibres mi nérales lié avec une composition bitu mineuse chauffée ou sous forme d'émulsion,  the impregnation of the non-woven mat of inorganic fibers bonded with a heated bitu bearing composition or in the form of an emulsion,
- refroidissement ou séchage de la composition bitu mineuse. cooling or drying the bituiring composition.
PCT/FR2018/050150 2017-01-25 2018-01-22 Bituminous waterproofing membranes for roofing WO2018138429A1 (en)

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US4044197A (en) 1975-03-21 1977-08-23 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Thermally self-cross-linkable ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers
US6993876B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2006-02-07 Building Materials Investment Corporation Asphalt roofing composite including adhesion modifier-treated glass fiber mat
EP1777241A1 (en) 2005-10-19 2007-04-25 Air Products Polymers, L.P. Vinyl ester based polymer latex composition and process of making the same
EP1905878A2 (en) 2006-09-29 2008-04-02 Air Products Polymers, L.P. Self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-ethylene polymeric binders for nonwoven webs
WO2008110727A2 (en) * 2007-02-14 2008-09-18 Soprema (Société Par Actions Simplifiée Unipersonnelle) Method for making a reinforcement frame and sealing membrane including such frame, and products thus obtained
WO2016001606A1 (en) 2014-07-04 2016-01-07 Saint-Gobain Adfors Mineral fibre mat and bitumen products incorporating said mat

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044197A (en) 1975-03-21 1977-08-23 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Thermally self-cross-linkable ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers
US6993876B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2006-02-07 Building Materials Investment Corporation Asphalt roofing composite including adhesion modifier-treated glass fiber mat
EP1777241A1 (en) 2005-10-19 2007-04-25 Air Products Polymers, L.P. Vinyl ester based polymer latex composition and process of making the same
EP1905878A2 (en) 2006-09-29 2008-04-02 Air Products Polymers, L.P. Self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-ethylene polymeric binders for nonwoven webs
WO2008110727A2 (en) * 2007-02-14 2008-09-18 Soprema (Société Par Actions Simplifiée Unipersonnelle) Method for making a reinforcement frame and sealing membrane including such frame, and products thus obtained
WO2016001606A1 (en) 2014-07-04 2016-01-07 Saint-Gobain Adfors Mineral fibre mat and bitumen products incorporating said mat
WO2016001607A1 (en) 2014-07-04 2016-01-07 Saint-Gobain Adfors Mat of mineral fibres and bituminated products incorporating said mat
FR3023283A1 (en) 2014-07-04 2016-01-08 Saint Gobain Adfors MATERIAL OF MINERAL FIBERS AND BITUMEN PRODUCTS INCORPORATING SAID MAT.

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