WO2018132979A1 - 一种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法 - Google Patents

一种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018132979A1
WO2018132979A1 PCT/CN2017/071564 CN2017071564W WO2018132979A1 WO 2018132979 A1 WO2018132979 A1 WO 2018132979A1 CN 2017071564 W CN2017071564 W CN 2017071564W WO 2018132979 A1 WO2018132979 A1 WO 2018132979A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
rock
breaking
hob
mode
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PCT/CN2017/071564
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王峥峥
高阳
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大连理工大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/071564 priority Critical patent/WO2018132979A1/zh
Priority to US16/076,822 priority patent/US10648334B2/en
Publication of WO2018132979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018132979A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/16—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1073—Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and relates to a laser assisted tunnel boring machine and a method for breaking the rock.
  • the tunneling method and the blasting method are the two main ways of tunnel excavation.
  • the rock is crushed and crushed by a large cutter, and then the gravel is transported out through the supporting transportation equipment.
  • the traditional roadheader method has poor adaptability to soft and hard geological conditions and different rock faces, and has limited use, and often accompanied by tool wear, the tunneling efficiency is reduced and the construction cost is increased.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that under the geological conditions, the high-efficiency rock breaking mode can be selected, and the wear of the hob can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency.
  • a laser-assisted tunnel boring machine which is provided with a laser, a water spray system, a real-time monitoring system and an intelligent control system based on a conventional tunnel boring machine;
  • a plurality of lasers are mounted on the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine to form a laser-hob breaking mode mainly composed of thermal crushing, melting and vaporization;
  • the laser is divided into various working types according to laser parameters (wave type, wavelength, intensity, pulse width, power density, etc.).
  • the system is compared and analyzed, and different lasers are switched for different types and different strength rocks, thereby increasing the formation adaptability of the roadheader;
  • Water spray system A water spray system is arranged around the laser. High temperature is generated by laser radiation, and water spray is used to cool down. The instantaneous high temperature difference is used to cause the rock to generate tensile stress and break, thereby realizing laser irradiation and thermal cooling.
  • Real-time monitoring system including image visual module, sensor module and information acquisition module,
  • image visual module including image visual module, sensor module and information acquisition module
  • information acquisition module In order to ensure the safety and timely transformation failure mode of laser-assisted excavation, real-time synchronous acquisition of various types of data is realized through the information acquisition module. Make timely judgments on different types and strengths of rock during the excavation process;
  • Intelligent control system input various physical quantity signals output by the information acquisition module Line conditioning and identification, so that the number and spatial layout of the laser, the type of laser, the rock breaking mode, the speed of the cutter head are intelligently changed, and the adaptability of the roadheader to different geological conditions is improved.
  • a laser assisted tunnel boring machine for breaking rock
  • Laser-assisted tunnel boring machines include two rock breaking modes: laser - hob rock breaking mode and hob rock breaking mode Type, through the intelligent control system to identify the output data of the information acquisition module, the cutter drive device can realize the identification and switching between two rock breaking modes, and divide the complex layers into hard rock sections and soft rock sections, and use them in hard rock sections.
  • Laser - The hob rock breaking mode can improve the rock breaking efficiency and reduce the tool wear; in the soft rock section, the hob rock breaking mode is adopted to reduce the construction cost.
  • the effect and benefit of the present invention is: a laser assisted tunnel boring machine and method for breaking the same It improves the adaptability of the roadheader to the complex geological conditions between soft and hard. By intelligently selecting the rock breaking mode, the rock breaking efficiency is improved and the construction cost is saved.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a roadheader.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cutter blade I-I in the rock breaking mode.
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of the laser-hob rock breaking mode cutterhead I-I.
  • the conventional tunnel boring machine drives the cutter head 10 to rotate by the driving device 7, and simultaneously drives the propulsion cylinder of the roadheader to push the shield machine forward. As the propulsion cylinder advances, the cutterhead continues to rotate and is sheared and squeezed. Destroyed gravel It is sent to the belt conveyor by the screw conveyor 8 and then transported to the outside by the belt conveyor.
  • a laser 3 and a water spray system 11 distributed between the blades 2 are disposed on the cutter head 10,
  • the laser uses a fiber laser, and by setting different output powers, there are multiple types of work to adapt to different strength rocks, by setting the sensor subsystem 4
  • the monitoring system consisting of pressure sensor, temperature sensor and ultrasonic sensor makes timely detection of different geological conditions during the excavation process.
  • the information acquisition module 6 integrates data collected by different types of sensors. Then, the data is transmitted to the intelligent control system in real time, and the intelligent control system recognizes the information and then makes adjustments through the driving device 7, thereby intelligently replacing the number of lasers, the spatial layout, and the working type of the laser.
  • the hob rock breaking mode is shown in Fig. 2 and the laser-hob rock breaking mode is shown in Fig. 3.
  • intelligent control system controls switching center via drive unit 5 Choose a different rock breaking mode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

一种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法。两种破岩模式：激光-滚刀破岩模式与滚刀破岩模式；通过智能控制***可实现两种破岩模式的识别与转换，硬岩地段使用激光-滚刀破岩模式，可以提高破岩效率，软岩地段采用滚刀破岩模式；对于激光辅助破岩的破坏模式主要为热破碎，采用激光器（3），将激光头安装在隧道掘进机的刀盘（10）上，并辅以喷水***（11），实现激光照射热裂并且喷水迅速冷却辅助破岩、再机械破岩开挖的目的，通过合理选择破岩模式，提高了掘进机对软硬相间的复杂地质条件的适应性，既提高了破岩效率，又节省了施工成本。

Description

一种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法
技术领域
本发明属于隧道工程技术领域，涉及到一种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法。
背景技术
目前，掘进机法和***法是隧道开挖的两种主要的方式，对于常规的掘进开挖法，是利用大型刀具将岩石剪切挤压破碎，然后通过配套的运输设备将碎石运出。由于传统的掘进机法对软硬不均的地质条件及不同岩面的适应性差、使用有局限性，且常伴随着刀具的磨损，降低了掘进效率，增大了施工成本。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是对于多变的地质条件下，既可以选择高效的破岩模式，又可以有效的减少滚刀的磨损，从而提高破岩效率 。
本发明的技术方案：
一种激光辅助隧道掘进机，在传统隧道掘进机的基础上增设激光器、喷水***、实时监测***和智能控制***；
激光器：隧道掘进机的刀盘上安装有多个激光器，形成 热 破碎、熔化及汽化为主的 激光 - 滚刀破岩模式； 为了保证高效的辅助破岩，激光器按激光参数 ( 波的类形、波长、强度、脉冲宽度、功率密度等 ) 分为多种工作类型， 根据监测***采集的破岩信息，进行***对比分析，针对不同种类、不同强度的岩石， 切换不 同的激光器 ，从而增加了掘进机的地层适应性；
喷水***：激光器周围辅设有喷水***，利用激光辐射产生高温、再喷水降温，利用瞬时的高温差，使得岩石产生拉应力而破碎，从而实现激光照射热裂并且喷水迅速冷却辅助破岩、再机械破岩开挖的目的；
实时监测***： 包括 图像可视 模块、传感器模块和信息采集模块， 为了保证激光辅助掘进的安全和适时转变破坏模式， 通过信息采集模块，实现对各种不同类型的数据实时同步采集 ， 对掘进过程中的不同类型、强度的岩石做出及时的判断；
智能控制***：对信息采集模块输出的各种物理量信号进 行调理和识别，从而对激光器的数量与空间布局、激光器的类型、破岩模式、刀盘的转速进行智能更变，提高掘进机对不同地质条件适应能力。
一种激光辅助隧道掘进机破岩的方法：
激光辅助隧道掘进机包括两种破岩模式：激光 - 滚刀破岩模式和滚刀破岩模 式，通过智能控制***对信息采集模块输出数据的识别，刀盘驱动装置可实现两种破岩模式间的识别与切换，将复杂地层分为硬岩地段和软岩地段，在硬岩地段使用激光 - 滚刀破岩模式，可以提高破岩效率，减少刀具磨损；在软岩地段，采用滚刀破岩模式，降低施工成本。
本发明的效果和益处是：通过一 种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法 ，提高了掘进机对软硬相间的复杂地质条件的适应性；通过智能选择破岩模式，既提高了破岩效率，又节省了施工成本。
附图说明
图1是掘进机纵断面图。
图2是 滚刀破岩模式刀盘图 I-I 断面。
图3是 激光 - 滚刀破岩模式刀盘图 I-I 断面。
图中：1钻头；2刀片；3激光器；4传感器子***；5转换中心；
6 信息采集 模块 ；7驱动装置；8螺旋输送器；9光纤光栅传感器；
10 刀盘；11喷水***。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
传统的隧道掘进机通过驱动装置7驱动刀盘10旋转，同时开启掘进机的推进油缸，将盾构机向前推进，随着推进油缸的向前推进，刀盘持续旋转，被 剪切挤压破坏的碎石 通过螺旋输送器8将其送到皮带输送机上，后由皮带输送机运输至外。
在传统的掘进机基础上在刀盘 10 上设置与刀片 2 相间分布的激光器 3 和喷水*** 11 ， 其中激光器采用光纤激光器，通过设置不同的输出功率有多种工作类型以适应不同强度的岩石 ，通过设置传感器子*** 4 包括压力传感器、温度传感器、超声波式传感器等组成的监测***对掘进过程中不同地质条件做出及时的探测 ， 信息采集模块 6 集成不同类型传感器采集的数据 ，然后将数据实时传递给智能控制***，智能控制***识别信息后通过驱动装置 7 做出调整，从而智能更换 激光器的数量、空间布局与激光器的工作类型。
对于两种破岩模式， 滚刀破岩模式图 2 与激光 - 滚刀破岩模式图 3 ，掘进机前进开挖过程中，通过钻头 1 对地质的超前探测、传感器子*** 4 的实时监测和 光纤光栅传感器9 对 螺旋输送器8的压力感应， 智能控制***通过驱动装置控制转换中心 5 选择不同的破岩模式。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种激光辅助隧道掘进机，其特征在于，隧道掘进机上增设激光器、喷水***、实时监测***和智能控制***；
    激光器：隧道掘进机的刀盘上安装有多个激光器，形成 热 破碎、熔化及汽化为主的 激光 - 滚刀破岩模式；
    喷水***：激光器周围辅设有喷水***，激光辐射产生高温、喷水***降温，利用瞬时的高温差，使岩石产生拉应力而破碎；
    实时监测***： 包括 图像可视 模块、传感器模块和信息采集模块， 保证激光辅助掘进的安全和实现破坏模式间的转变， 信息采集模块实时同步采集 ， 对掘进过程中的不同类型、强度的岩石做出及时的判断；
    智能控制***：对信息采集模块输出的信号进 行调理和识别，实现激光 - 滚刀破岩模式和滚刀破岩模 式之间的灵活转换， 再对激光器的数量与空间布局、激光器的类型、刀盘的转速进行控制，提高掘进机对不同地质条件适应能力。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种激光辅助隧道掘进机，其特征在于， 刀盘上设置与刀片相间分布的激光器和喷水***。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的一种激光辅助隧道掘进机，其特征在于，所述的激光器采用光纤激光器 。
  4. 权利要求 1 或 2 所述的 一种激光辅助隧道掘进破岩的方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：激光辅助隧道掘进机包括两种破岩模式：激光 - 滚刀破岩模式和滚刀破岩模 式，通过智能控制***对信息采集模块输出数据的识别，刀盘驱动装置实现两种破岩模式间的识别与切换，将复杂地层分为硬岩地段和软岩地段，在硬岩地段使用激光 - 滚刀破岩模式；在软岩地段，采用 滚刀破岩模 式。
  5. 权利要求 3 所述的 一种激光辅助隧道掘进机破岩的方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：激光辅助隧道掘进机包括两种破岩模式：激光 - 滚刀破岩模式和滚刀破岩模 式，通过智能控制***对信息采集模块输出数据的识别，刀盘驱动装置实现两种破岩模式间的识别与切换，将复杂地层分为硬岩地段和软岩地段，在硬岩地段使用激光 - 滚刀破岩模式；在软岩地段，采用 滚刀破岩模 式。
PCT/CN2017/071564 2017-01-18 2017-01-18 一种激光辅助隧道掘进机及其破岩的方法 WO2018132979A1 (zh)

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US16/076,822 US10648334B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2017-01-18 Laser-assisted tunnel boring machine and rock fragmenting method therefor

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