WO2018108095A1 - 一种充电电源保护设备 - Google Patents

一种充电电源保护设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018108095A1
WO2018108095A1 PCT/CN2017/115858 CN2017115858W WO2018108095A1 WO 2018108095 A1 WO2018108095 A1 WO 2018108095A1 CN 2017115858 W CN2017115858 W CN 2017115858W WO 2018108095 A1 WO2018108095 A1 WO 2018108095A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
charging
central processor
protection device
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PCT/CN2017/115858
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何坚强
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北京奇虎科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018108095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018108095A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of security technology for battery use, and more particularly to a charging power protection device.
  • lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, camcorders, notebook computers, cordless phones, power tools, remote control or electric toys, and cameras because of their excellent characteristics.
  • the negative electrode of a lithium ion battery is a graphite crystal, and the positive electrode is usually lithium dioxide. Lithium ions move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode during charging and are embedded in the graphite layer. During discharge, lithium ions are detached from the surface of the negative electrode in the graphite crystal and moved toward the positive electrode. Therefore, during the charging and discharging of the battery, lithium always appears in the form of lithium ions, rather than in the form of metallic lithium. Therefore, this type of battery is called a lithium ion battery, or a lithium battery. It is precisely because lithium battery has the advantages of small size, large capacity, light weight, no pollution, high single-section voltage, low self-discharge rate, and many battery cycles. It has gradually replaced some old-fashioned batteries and is nowadays electronic. The favor of science and technology.
  • the present invention proposes a charging power source protection device capable of reducing power consumption and improving reliability.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a charging power protection device, including: a battery pack, an electronic switch matrix unit connected to the battery pack, a central processing unit connected to the electronic switch matrix unit, and a connection a security management unit between the battery pack and the central processor; wherein the battery pack includes a first battery being used, a second battery to be charged; and the electronic switch matrix unit is connected to each battery, Outputting an output loop of at least one of the batteries when receiving the switching instruction of the central processor; the security management unit is configured a power-down protection memory for monitoring the power of each battery in the battery pack and identifying a charging circuit in the battery pack; the central processor is configured to refer to the electronic switch matrix when determining an abnormality of the current environment The unit issues a cut-off command to cut off the charging circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a robot, including: the charging power protection device according to the first aspect.
  • the present invention provides a solution, including a battery pack, an electronic switch matrix unit connected to the battery pack, a central processing unit connected to the electronic switch matrix unit, and a battery pack and a base A security management unit between the central processors.
  • the electronic switch matrix unit is responsible for the flow of control signals, and uses a power switch to switch the battery of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack comprises a first battery being used, a second battery to be charged, so that one of the batteries can be operated with another battery when it is charged or dead.
  • the electronic switch matrix units are respectively connected to the respective batteries, and when receiving the switching instruction of the central processor, the output circuit of at least one of the batteries is gated.
  • the security management unit is provided with a power-down protection memory for monitoring the power of each battery in the battery pack and identifying a charging circuit in the battery pack; the central processor is configured to determine when the current environment is abnormal A cutting command is issued to the electronic switch matrix unit to cut off the charging circuit therein.
  • the environmental anomaly includes a battery failure, a sudden power failure, a leakage current, etc., because the batteries in the battery pack are independent of each other, compared with the prior art, the time spent fully charged is shorter, and the charging circuit fails. When it is cut off, it does not affect the normal power supply of another battery, so it can reduce energy consumption and improve reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging power protection device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a charging power protection device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a charging power protection device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a charging power protection device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the robot of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging power protection device according to the present invention, including:
  • a battery pack an electronic switch matrix unit connected to the battery pack, a central processor connected to the electronic switch matrix unit, and a security management unit connected between the battery pack and the central processor;
  • the battery pack includes a first battery being used, a second battery to be charged;
  • the electronic switch matrix unit is connected to each battery, and at least one of the gates is strobed when receiving a switching instruction of the central processor The output circuit of the battery;
  • the security management unit is provided with a power-down protection memory for monitoring the power of each battery in the battery pack and identifying a charging circuit in the battery pack; the central processor is configured to When the current environment is abnormal, a cutting command is issued to the electronic switch matrix unit to cut off the charging circuit.
  • the present invention provides a solution, including a battery pack, an electronic switch matrix unit connected to the battery pack, a central processing unit connected to the electronic switch matrix unit, and a battery pack and a base A security management unit between the central processors.
  • the electronic switch matrix unit is responsible for the flow of control signals, and uses a power switch to switch the battery of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack comprises a first battery being used, a second battery to be charged, so that one of the batteries can be operated with another battery when it is charged or dead.
  • the electronic switch matrix units are respectively connected to the respective batteries, and when receiving the switching instruction of the central processor, the output circuit of at least one of the batteries is gated.
  • the security management unit is provided with a power-down protection memory for monitoring the power of each battery in the battery pack and identifying a charging circuit in the battery pack; the central processor is configured to determine when the current environment is abnormal A cutting command is issued to the electronic switch matrix unit to cut off the charging circuit therein.
  • the environmental anomaly includes a battery failure, a sudden power failure, a leakage current, etc., because the batteries in the battery pack are independent of each other, compared with the prior art, the time spent fully charged is shorter, and the charging circuit fails. When it is cut off, it does not affect the normal power supply of another battery, so it can reduce energy consumption and improve reliability.
  • the above central processor selects the HCS12 family 16-bit embedded MCU MC912DP512 as the device core main CPU.
  • the MC912DP512 is a highly integrated 16-bit microprocessor that is part of the HCS12 family of 16-bit embedded microcontrollers. It uses a high-density complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (HCMOS) process to reduce the basic power consumption of the MCU. At the same time, the power consumption of the MCU can be further reduced by the low-power instruction (LPSTOP) of the CPU16 instruction set, which is particularly suitable for robot control.
  • the MC912DP512 is a powerful single-chip microcomputer with a modular design inside.
  • CPU16 central processing unit
  • CCG clock and reset generator
  • PIT 10-bit queue A/D converter
  • ECT Enhanced Capture Timer
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • FLASH on-chip program memory
  • SPI serial external port module
  • SCI synchronous Serial port module
  • IIC I2 bus module
  • MC912DP512 also has a (msCAN) module that supports CAN2.0B protocol, which can realize CAN communication. They are designed in a single chip to form a square flat integrated block CPU.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a charging power protection device of the present invention. 2 is compared with FIG. 1, the embodiment of FIG. 2 determines the external environment of the battery pack through the speaker, the microphone, the infrared detecting unit, and the Bluetooth detecting unit to prevent the child from getting close to the electric shock.
  • a speaker connected to the central processor for issuing an alarm when the battery needs to be charged or the environment is abnormal;
  • the central processor is further configured to determine that the first battery or the second battery needs to be charged according to the monitored power being lower than a preset value.
  • the battery pack includes a first battery and a second battery.
  • the current robot is running with the first battery, and the central processor determines the first battery according to the monitoring that the power of the first battery is lower than a preset value (eg, 10%). Need to charge. At this point, the central processor drives the speaker connected to it and issues an alarm to prompt the user to charge.
  • a preset value eg, 10%
  • a microphone connected to the central processor for receiving sounds around the battery pack during charging
  • the central processor is further configured to determine that the current environment is abnormal when the sound includes a child's voiceprint and/or the child's voiceprint volume is greater than a preset value.
  • the user is charging the robot, and the central processor receives the sound around the battery pack while charging through the microphone.
  • the central processor recognizes that the sound contains the child's voiceprint and/or the child's voiceprint. The closer you are to the robot being charged, the louder the volume of the sound.
  • the volume of the voiceprint is greater than the preset value (such as 40 decibels), it is judged that the current environment is abnormal, and the child is too close to there is a risk of electric shock.
  • the central processor drives the speaker connected to it and issues an alert to alert the user.
  • An infrared detecting unit connected to the central processing unit for sensing a temperature around the battery pack during charging
  • the central processor is further configured to determine that the current environment is abnormal when the temperature is higher than a preset value.
  • the user is charging the robot, and the central processing unit receives the temperature around the battery pack while charging by the infrared detecting unit.
  • a preset value for example, 36 degrees
  • the current environment is abnormal.
  • some people are too close, and there is a risk of electric shock.
  • the central processor drives the speaker connected to it and issues an alert to alert the user.
  • a Bluetooth detecting unit connected to the central processing unit, configured to sense a Bluetooth signal of the target device during charging
  • the central processor is further configured to determine that the current environment is abnormal when the signal strength of the Bluetooth signal is greater than a preset value.
  • the user is charging the robot, and the central processing unit senses the Bluetooth signal of the target device during charging through the Bluetooth detecting unit.
  • the target device is, for example, a children's watch on a child's hand.
  • the signal strength of the Bluetooth signal is greater than a preset value, the current environment is abnormal. During the charging process, the child is too close, and there is a risk of electric shock.
  • the central processor drives the speaker connected to it and issues an alert to alert the user.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a charging power protection device according to the present invention. 3 compares with FIG. 2, the embodiment of FIG. 3 determines whether the battery pack has a safety risk by detecting the voltage, current, and temperature inside the battery pack.
  • a battery voltage collecting unit connected between the battery pack and the central processor for collecting voltages of respective batteries in the battery pack.
  • a battery current collecting unit connected between the battery pack and the central processor is configured to collect currents of respective batteries in the battery pack.
  • a battery pack temperature collecting unit connected between the battery pack and the central processor is configured to collect a temperature of a working environment in the battery pack.
  • the battery voltage collecting unit adopts a centralized measurement scheme.
  • Centralized measurement The measurement speed of the parameters is faster, the real-time performance is better, the consistency of data acquisition is better, and the cost is lower.
  • This battery pack performs voltage measurement in module units.
  • the module voltage measurement adopts the voltage division scheme, adopts the floating technology, and quickly completes the data acquisition of the voltage and total voltage of each module by scanning, thereby realizing the time division multiplexing of the hardware part and reducing the cost.
  • the signal voltage after partial voltage is adjusted for A/D module processing.
  • a set of electronic switches is connected in front of the instrumentation amplifier to achieve positive and negative voltages of the module voltage.
  • the battery current collecting unit the current sampling is the main basis for estimating the remaining battery capacity (SOC), so the accuracy of its sampling, anti-interference ability, zero drift, temperature drift and linearity error are very high. Compared with the battery module voltage measurement, the current measurement is more complicated. It is necessary to select a high-precision Hall sensor with fast response and excellent linearity as the current collecting unit.
  • SMI300DCE which is a closed-loop (compensated) current sensor based on the Hall principle. It has excellent accuracy, good linearity and optimum response time, and also has good anti-interference. ability.
  • Its primary side rated current is 300A, which meets the requirements of system design.
  • the secondary side has a rated current of 150 mA and a conversion ratio of 1:2000.
  • the power supply is positive or negative 12V or positive and negative 15V.
  • the temperature measurement of the battery pack temperature acquisition unit is a digital temperature measurement device, such as the DS1820 with a single bus.
  • the battery pack further includes at least one third battery that has been fully charged but not used. In order to improve the endurance of the robot.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a charging power protection device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the robot of the present invention. The present embodiment will be further described below with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
  • a charging and unplugging device connected to the battery pack, wherein the device is provided with a spring connected to the charging plug.
  • the central processor is further configured to insert into the battery when determining that the battery pack is faulty
  • the pulling device sends a first plugging command, and the charging plug is popped up.
  • the central processing unit is further configured to send a second plugging instruction to the battery plugging device when the current environment is abnormal, and pop the charging plug.
  • the user when the user is charging the robot, determining that a fault occurs inside the battery pack, or determining that the current environment outside the battery pack is abnormal, the user inserts a plug-in command to the charging plug-in device connected to the battery pack, wherein A spring connected to the charging plug is provided in the device. After the charging and unplugging device receives the plugging and unloading command, the charging plug is ejected by the spring to separate the charging wire from the robot. As shown in Fig. 5, even if the child wants to take the robot, since the charging wire is separated from the robot, the child does not pull the wire or is tripped by the wire, thereby improving the safety of the electric power.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a robot, including: a charging power protection device as described above, which can reduce energy consumption and improve reliability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种充电电源保护设备，包括：电池组，与所述电池组相连的电子开关矩阵单元，与所述电子开关矩阵单元相连的中央处理器，以及连接在所述电池组和所述中央处理器之间的安全管理单元；其中，所述电池组包括正在使用的第一电池，待充电的第二电池；所述电子开关矩阵单元分别各个电池相连，在收到所述中央处理器的切换指令时，选通其中至少一个电池的输出回路；所述安全管理单元设有掉电保护存储器，用于监测所述电池组内各个电池的电量，并识别所述电池组中的充电回路；所述中央处理器，用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电子开关矩阵单元发出切断指令，切断其中的充电回路。该设备能够降低能耗，提高可靠性。

Description

一种充电电源保护设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电池使用的安全防范技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种充电电源保护设备。
背景技术
如今，锂离子电池以其优良的特性，广泛应用于手机、摄录像机、笔记本电脑、无绳电话、电动工具、遥控或电动玩具、照相机等便携式电子设备中。锂离子电池的负极为石墨晶体，正极通常为二氧化锂。充电时锂离子由正极向负极运动而嵌入石墨层中。放电时，锂离子从石墨晶体内负极表面脱离移向正极。所以，在该电池充放电过程中锂总是以锂离子形态出现，而不是以金属锂的形态出现。因而这种电池叫做锂离子电池，简称锂电池。正是因为锂电池具有体积小、容量大、重量轻、无污染、单节电压高、自放电率低、电池循环次数多等诸多优点，才让它逐步替代了一些老式电池且备受当今电子科技领域的青睐。
然而，作为电池，在给其充放电过程中，安全性始终是不可回避的一大问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明提出了一种充电电源保护设备，能够降低能耗，提高可靠性。
第一方面，本发明实施例中提供了一种充电电源保护设备，包括：电池组，与所述电池组相连的电子开关矩阵单元，与所述电子开关矩阵单元相连的中央处理器，以及连接在所述电池组和所述中央处理器之间的安全管理单元；其中，所述电池组包括正在使用的第一电池，待充电的第二电池；所述电子开关矩阵单元分别各个电池相连，在收到所述中央处理器的切换指令时，选通其中至少一个电池的输出回路；所述安全管理单元设 有掉电保护存储器，用于监测所述电池组内各个电池的电量，并识别所述电池组中的充电回路；所述中央处理器，用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电子开关矩阵单元发出切断指令，切断其中的充电回路。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种机器人，包括：如第一方面所述的充电电源保护设备。
相对于现有技术，本发明提供的方案，包括电池组，与所述电池组相连的电子开关矩阵单元，与所述电子开关矩阵单元相连的中央处理器，以及连接在所述电池组和所述中央处理器之间的安全管理单元。电子开关矩阵单元担负着控制信号流向的任务，采用功率开关，用来对电池组的电池进行切换。其中，所述电池组包括正在使用的第一电池，待充电的第二电池，以便在其中一个电池在充电或没电的时候可以用另一电池维系设备运行。所述电子开关矩阵单元分别各个电池相连，在收到所述中央处理器的切换指令时，选通其中至少一个电池的输出回路。所述安全管理单元设有掉电保护存储器，用于监测所述电池组内各个电池的电量，并识别所述电池组中的充电回路；所述中央处理器，用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电子开关矩阵单元发出切断指令，切断其中的充电回路。所述环境异常包括电池故障，突然断电，漏电过载等情况时，由于电池组内又相互独立的电池，相比于现有技术当中，充满电所花的时间更短，而且充电回路发生故障或被切断时，不影响另一电池的正常供电，故此能够降低能耗，提高可靠性。
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，这些将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明充电电源保护设备的示意图。
图2为本发明充电电源保护设备的第一实施例示意图。
图3为本发明充电电源保护设备的第二实施例示意图。
图4为本发明充电电源保护设备的第三实施例示意图。
图5为本发明机器人的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
在本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的描述的一些流程中，包含了按照特定顺序出现的多个操作，但是应该清楚了解，这些操作可以不按照其在本文中出现的顺序来执行或并行执行，操作的序号如101、102等，仅仅是用于区分开各个不同的操作，序号本身不代表任何的执行顺序。另外，这些流程可以包括更多或更少的操作，并且这些操作可以按顺序执行或并行执行。需要说明的是，本文中的“第一”、“第二”等描述，是用于区分不同的消息、设备、模块等，不代表先后顺序，也不限定“第一”和“第二”是不同的类型。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明充电电源保护设备的示意图，包括：
电池组，与所述电池组相连的电子开关矩阵单元，与所述电子开关矩阵单元相连的中央处理器，以及连接在所述电池组和所述中央处理器之间的安全管理单元；
其中，所述电池组包括正在使用的第一电池，待充电的第二电池；所述电子开关矩阵单元分别各个电池相连，在收到所述中央处理器的切换指令时，选通其中至少一个电池的输出回路；
所述安全管理单元设有掉电保护存储器，用于监测所述电池组内各个电池的电量，并识别所述电池组中的充电回路；所述中央处理器，用于在 判断当前环境异常时向所述电子开关矩阵单元发出切断指令，切断其中的充电回路。
相对于现有技术，本发明提供的方案，包括电池组，与所述电池组相连的电子开关矩阵单元，与所述电子开关矩阵单元相连的中央处理器，以及连接在所述电池组和所述中央处理器之间的安全管理单元。电子开关矩阵单元担负着控制信号流向的任务，采用功率开关，用来对电池组的电池进行切换。其中，所述电池组包括正在使用的第一电池，待充电的第二电池，以便在其中一个电池在充电或没电的时候可以用另一电池维系设备运行。所述电子开关矩阵单元分别各个电池相连，在收到所述中央处理器的切换指令时，选通其中至少一个电池的输出回路。所述安全管理单元设有掉电保护存储器，用于监测所述电池组内各个电池的电量，并识别所述电池组中的充电回路；所述中央处理器，用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电子开关矩阵单元发出切断指令，切断其中的充电回路。所述环境异常包括电池故障，突然断电，漏电过载等情况时，由于电池组内又相互独立的电池，相比于现有技术当中，充满电所花的时间更短，而且充电回路发生故障或被切断时，不影响另一电池的正常供电，故此能够降低能耗，提高可靠性。
需要补充说明的是，上述中央处理器选取HCS12家族16位嵌入式单片机MC912DP512的作为设备核心主CPU。MC912DP512是一个高度集成的16位微处理器，是HCS12家族16位嵌入式单片机系列产品。它采用了高密度互补金属氧化物半导体HCMOS工艺，使得MCU的基本功耗降低，同时可以通过CPU16指令集的低功耗指令(LPSTOP)使得MCU的功耗进一步降低，特别适合用作机器人控制。MC912DP512是一个功能强大的单片机，其内部采用模块化结构设计，主要有中央处理器CPU16、可配制定时中断的时钟与复位发生器(CRG)、***端口集成模块PIM、周期性中断定时器模块(PIT)、带外部触发转换的10位的队列A/D转换器(ATD)、增强型捕获定时器(ECT)、可提供硬件触发源的脉宽调制模块(PWM)、512KB的片上程序存储器(FLASH)及14KB的片上存储器RAM和4KB的片上存储器EEPROM、串行外部口模块(SPI)和异步 串行口模块(SCI)及I2总线模块(IIC)，同时MC912DP512还有一个支持CAN2.0B协议的(msCAN)模块，可以实现CAN通讯。他们被设计在一个芯片内，形成一个方扁平形的集成块CPU。
图2为本发明充电电源保护设备的第一实施例示意图。图2与图1相比，图2实施例通过扬声器、麦克风、红外检测单元和蓝牙检测单元判断电池组外部环境，防止小孩靠近而发生触电。
如图2所示，包括：
与所述中央处理器相连的扬声器，用于在电池需要充电或环境异常时发出警报；
所述中央处理器还用于根据监测到的电量低于预设值，判断所述第一电池或所述第二电池需要充电。
例如，电池组内包括第一电池和第二电池，当前机器人正在使用第一电池运行，中央处理器根据监测到第一电池的电量低于预设值(如10％)时，判断第一电池需要充电。此时，中央处理器驱使与其相连的扬声器，发出警报，提示用户充电。
如图2所示，包括：
与所述中央处理器相连的麦克风，用于在充电时接收所述电池组周围的声音；
所述中央处理器还用于识别所述声音包含儿童的声纹和/或儿童的声纹音量大于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。
接上例所述，用户正在给机器人充电，中央处理器通过麦克风，在充电时接收所述电池组周围的声音。当有小孩子靠近，发出声音，中央处理器识别所述声音包含儿童的声纹和/或儿童的声纹。越是靠近正在充电的机器人，声纹音量越大。当声纹音量大于预设值(如40分贝)时，判断当前环境异常，小孩子靠得太近会存在触电的风险。
此时，中央处理器驱使与其相连的扬声器，发出警报，提示用户。
如图2所示，包括：
与所述中央处理器相连的红外检测单元，用于在充电时感应所述电池组周围的温度；
所述中央处理器还用于识别所述温度高于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。
接上例所述，用户正在给机器人充电，中央处理器通过红外检测单元，在充电时接收所述电池组周围的温度。比如探测到人体温度时，识别所述温度高于预设值(如36度)时，判断当前环境异常。插电过程中，有人靠得太近，会存在触电的风险。又或者，机器人旁边放有正在烧开的热水壶，显然此环境下充电是非常危险的。
此时，中央处理器驱使与其相连的扬声器，发出警报，提示用户。
如图2所示，包括：
与所述中央处理器相连的蓝牙检测单元，用于在充电时感应目标设备的蓝牙信号；
所述中央处理器还用于识别所述蓝牙信号的信号强度大于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。
接上例所述，用户正在给机器人充电，中央处理器通过蓝牙检测单元，在充电时感应目标设备的蓝牙信号。该目标设备比如是小孩子手上的儿童手表，所述蓝牙信号的信号强度大于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。充电过程中，小孩子靠得太近，会存在触电的风险。
此时，中央处理器驱使与其相连的扬声器，发出警报，提示用户。
图3为本发明充电电源保护设备的第二实施例示意图。图3与图2相比，图3实施例通过检测电池组内部的电压、电流和温度，判断电池组是否存在安全风险。
如图3所示，包括：
连接在所述电池组与所述中央处理器之间的电池组电压采集单元，用于采集所述电池组内各个电池的电压。
连接在所述电池组与所述中央处理器之间的电池组电流采集单元，用于采集所述电池组内各个电池的电流。
连接在所述电池组与所述中央处理器之间的电池组温度采集单元，用于采集所述电池组内工作环境的温度。
优选地，电池组电压采集单元，采用集中式测量方案。集中式测量方 案对参数的测量速度较快，实时性更好，数据采集的一致性更好、成本较低，但需要解决串联电池的电压测量中共地隔离、测量精度等问题，技术难度大。本电池组以模块单位进行电压测量。模块电压测量采用分压式方案，采用浮地技术，以扫描方式快速完成各模块电压及总电压的数据采集，从而实现硬件部分分时复用，降低了成本。利用仪表放大器极高输入阻抗、优良的共模抑制、线性度、温度稳定性、可靠性特点，调理分压后的信号电压，以便A/D模块处理。仪表放大器前接入一组电子开关，以实现模块电压的正负交替。
电池组电流采集单元，电流的采样是估计电池剩余容量(SOC)的主要依据，因此对其采样的精度，抗干扰能力，零飘、温飘和线性度误差的要求都很高。和电池组模块电压测量相比，电流的测量则比较复杂，必须选用响应速度快，具有优良线性度的高精度霍尔传感作为电流采集单元。在实际中我们采用电流传感器SMI300DCE，该电流传感器是基于霍尔原理的闭环(补偿)电流传感器，具有出色的精度、良好的线性度和最佳的相应应时间，同时也具有很好的抗干扰能力。其原边的额定电流为300A，满足***设计的要求。副边的额定电流为150mA，其转换率为1:2000。供电电源为正负12V或正负15V。
我们知道电池的工作状态与其内部温度及工作的环境温度都有着很重要的关系。因此，温度测量是电池管理的重要部分。温度测量的电池组温度采集单元是用数字式温度测量器件，如采用单总线的DS1820。
优选地，所述电池组还包括至少一个已经充满电但未被使用的第三电池。以便提高机器人的续航能力。
图4为本发明充电电源保护设备的第三实施例示意图。图5为本发明机器人的示意图。下面结合图4，图5对本实施例做进一步的说明。
如图4所示，还包括：
与所述电池组相连的充电插拔装置，其中，该装置内设有与充电插头相连的弹簧。
如图4所示，还包括：
所述中央处理器，还用于在判断所述电池组发生故障时向所述电池插 拔装置发送第一插拔指令，弹出所述充电插头。
如图4所示，还包括：
所述中央处理器，还用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电池插拔装置发送第二插拔指令，弹出所述充电插头。
接上例所述，用户正在给机器人充电时，判断电池组内部发生故障，或判断电池组外部的当前环境异常时，向与所述电池组相连的充电插拔装置发送插拔指令，其中，该装置内设有与充电插头相连的弹簧。充电插拔装置收到插拔指令后，通过弹簧将充电插头弹出，使充电电线与机器人分离。如图5所示，即便小孩要拿走机器人，由于充电电线已经与机器人分离，所以小孩不会拉扯到电线，或被电线绊倒，由此提高用电安全。
如图5所示，本发明实施例提供了一种机器人，包括：如前所述的充电电源保护设备，能够降低能耗，提高可靠性。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的***，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种充电电源保护设备，包括：
    电池组，与所述电池组相连的电子开关矩阵单元，与所述电子开关矩阵单元相连的中央处理器，以及连接在所述电池组和所述中央处理器之间的安全管理单元；
    其中，所述电池组包括正在使用的第一电池，待充电的第二电池；所述电子开关矩阵单元分别各个电池相连，在收到所述中央处理器的切换指令时，选通其中至少一个电池的输出回路；
    所述安全管理单元设有掉电保护存储器，用于监测所述电池组内各个电池的电量，并识别所述电池组中的充电回路；所述中央处理器，用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电子开关矩阵单元发出切断指令，切断其中的充电回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    与所述中央处理器相连的扬声器，用于在电池需要充电或环境异常时发出警报；
    所述中央处理器还用于根据监测到的电量低于预设值，判断所述第一电池或所述第二电池需要充电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    与所述中央处理器相连的麦克风，用于在充电时接收所述电池组周围的声音；
    所述中央处理器还用于识别所述声音包含儿童的声纹和/或儿童的声纹音量大于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    与所述中央处理器相连的红外检测单元，用于在充电时感应所述电池组周围的温度；
    所述中央处理器还用于识别所述温度高于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    与所述中央处理器相连的蓝牙检测单元，用于在充电时感应目标设备的蓝牙信号；
    所述中央处理器还用于识别所述蓝牙信号的信号强度大于预设值时，判断当前环境异常。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    连接在所述电池组与所述中央处理器之间的电池组电压采集单元，用于采集所述电池组内各个电池的电压。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    连接在所述电池组与所述中央处理器之间的电池组电流采集单元，用于采集所述电池组内各个电池的电流。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，包括：
    连接在所述电池组与所述中央处理器之间的电池组温度采集单元，用于采集所述电池组内工作环境的温度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，所述电池组还包括至少一个已经充满电但未被使用的第三电池。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，还包括：
    与所述电池组相连的充电插拔装置，其中，该装置内设有与充电插头相连的弹簧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述中央处理器，还用于在判断所述电池组发生故障时向所述电池插拔装置发送第一插拔指令，弹出所述充电插头。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的充电电源保护设备，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述中央处理器，还用于在判断当前环境异常时向所述电池插拔装置发送第二插拔指令，弹出所述充电插头。
  13. 一种机器人，包括：如权利要求1-12任一项所述的充电电源保护设备。
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