WO2018105989A1 - 마이크로그리드 시스템 및 고장 처리 방법 - Google Patents
마이크로그리드 시스템 및 고장 처리 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018105989A1 WO2018105989A1 PCT/KR2017/014140 KR2017014140W WO2018105989A1 WO 2018105989 A1 WO2018105989 A1 WO 2018105989A1 KR 2017014140 W KR2017014140 W KR 2017014140W WO 2018105989 A1 WO2018105989 A1 WO 2018105989A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microgrid system for performing fault handling and a fault handling method using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for shortening a power failure time for a health section that experiences a power failure unnecessarily when a system failure occurs. It is about.
- Microgrids are small-scale power supply systems that consist of distributed power sources (solar, wind power, etc.), batteries (power storage devices), etc., to power loads.
- Microgrids are usually operated in a linked operation mode in which electricity is traded in connection with a large-scale power system, and in the event of a failure in the utility company's line, the microgrid can be switched to an independent operation mode that supplies its own power separately from the power system. It is mainly installed in buildings, university campuses and factories, and aims to reduce electricity bills and improve power supply reliability.
- microgrids installed in remote areas, such as island areas can be operated by configuring one system with its own loads without being connected to an external power system.
- microgrids To improve power supply reliability, one of the goals of installing microgrids, microgrids must be operated uninterrupted. If a fault occurs in the power system, it must be accurately detected and quickly separated from the upper power system and the microgrid. In addition, if a failure occurs in the microgrid, only the corresponding part should be quickly separated to prevent a power failure.
- the magnitude and direction of the fault current varies depending on the microgrid and the power system connection state, each distributed power supply connection state, fault location, fault occurrence type, and the like.
- conventional circuit breakers (MCCB, ACB, etc.) and fault handling methods cannot adequately cope with various kinds of failures occurring in the microgrid, so that a local failure may affect the entire microgrid, causing a total power failure. In particular, this causes more frequent inconveniences for microsystems installed in islands and the like having independent systems.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a power supply section power supply system using a distributed power supply 40 according to the related art.
- a power supply system using a distributed power supply 40 includes a distribution automation IED 100, a distributed power supply IED 200, and a central management device 300.
- Distribution automation IED (100) measures the voltage and current of the distribution line, and when a line accident occurs in the distribution system, transmits the line accident event to the central management unit 300 so that the distribution automation system operator can analyze. .
- the distribution automation IED 100 determines whether the distribution system is faulty or the direction of the fault current from the fault current, and if it is determined to be a fault, sends FI (Fault Indicator) information to the central management device 300. send.
- FI ault Indicator
- the central management unit 300 determines the failure section from the failure information provided from the distribution automation IEDs 100 in case of a temporary failure, and transmits a switch 30 operation command to the distribution automation IED 100.
- the distribution automation IED 100 proceeds with the fault handling procedure by transmitting the result to the central management unit 300 after performing the switch 30 control.
- the distribution automation IED measures the overcurrent of the distribution line, and cuts the line through the protection device 20 of the circuit breaker or recloser, through which the protection device 20 When the load stage becomes no voltage, the switchboard detects a failure of the distribution line. In addition, by controlling the closing and opening of the switch on the basis of the control signal of the central management device 300, it serves to control the failure section to be separated from the distribution system.
- the distribution automation IED 100 transmits the failure occurrence information to the distributed power supply IED 200, so that the distributed power supply IED 200 delivers power to the healthy section through the distributed power supply 40. Make it available.
- the distribution automation IED 100 serves to measure the average load current for the load stage existing between the distributed power supply 40 and the distribution automation IED 100. By measuring the load current for the load stage for a predetermined time, the average load current can be calculated. Through this it is possible to calculate the average amount of power consumed by the load stage for each time zone, the information calculated by the distribution automation IED (100) is transmitted to the distributed power supply IED (200), when the distribution system failure occurs distributed power supply (40) It can be used as data to calculate the amount of power to be supplied.
- the distributed power source IED 200 is connected to the distributed power source 40 to calculate the amount of power that the distributed power source 40 can supply to the system in the event of a distribution system failure.
- the distributed power supply IED 200 may calculate the amount of power based on the amount of power generated by the distributed power source 40 and the battery storage amount.
- Distributed power supply IED (200) is connected to the distribution automation IED (100) in a Peer to Peer manner, to grasp the amount of power consumed in the distribution line associated with the distributed power supply 40, failure from the distribution automation IED (100) Receive occurrence information.
- the distributed power supply IED 200 analyzes the information on the occurrence of the fault and the fault current included in the fault information and recognizes the fault section, or identifies the fault occurrence section through the identification information of the distribution automation IED 100 transmitting the fault information. It can be recognized.
- the central management apparatus 300 monitors the entire system and analyzes failure information of the distribution system received from the distribution automation IED 100 to control the input / opening of the switch 30.
- the central management unit 300 analyzes the failure information, and transmits a signal for controlling the input and open of the switch 30 to the distribution automation IED (100) To ensure that the fault line is disconnected from the system.
- the microgrid system shown in FIG. 11 has an IED for each distributed power supply and distributed load (distribution), and each IED requires considerable test power to accurately identify when a failure occurs.
- each IED has to have a substantial amount of energy storage device for the test power, or a diesel generator for producing test power, etc., which is a cause of an increase in facility cost.
- the present invention is to provide a microgrid or a fault handling method that can quickly identify the fault location and take action. More specifically, when a line failure or a device failure occurs in the Off-Grid, the present invention proposes a method of identifying a location of a failure using an ESS, recovering a location after separating the failure point.
- the present invention seeks to improve reliability through stable grid operation of microgrids.
- the SS PCS is used to quickly identify fault points and isolate them.
- Microgrid system a plurality of distributed power supplies; Multiple distributed loads;
- a microgrid system having lines for connecting the distributed power supplies and distributed loads, the microgrid system comprising:
- An ESS for storing power supplied from all or part of the distributed power supplies and providing the stored power to all or part of the distributed loads;
- An ESS PCS which converts the power stored in the ESS into an AC power suitable for the microgrid and supplies the microgrid with a blocking means for disconnecting the microgrid in an abnormal situation; And detecting a failure in the microgrid, the control device performing a process for the failure while gradually increasing the voltage output from the ESS PCS.
- control device the detection of the failure in the micro-grid blocking the distributed power sources and the ESS; Coupling the ESS PCS to the microgrid; Determining a location where the failure occurs while gradually increasing a voltage output from the connected ESS PCS; And blocking the location where the failure has occurred and connecting the distributed power supplies to the microgrid.
- the blocking means may include a DC stage switch for controlling the battery and the inverter of the ESS; An AC stage switch for controlling the inverter and the micro grid of the ESS PCS; And IGBT interrupting means for interrupting the IGBT constituting the inverter.
- the open time of the IGBT constituting the inverter of the ESS PCS is 400 [us] (microseconds), and the time for gradually increasing the voltage output from the ESS PCS is a specified period in the range of 1 second to 3 seconds. It can be characterized.
- control device may be provided with communication means capable of performing detection means data communication provided on the distributed power supplies, the distributed loads, and the lines.
- control device may gradually increase from 0 [A] to a level of 80% of the rated current that can be sent to the microgrid for a specified period to gradually increase the voltage output from the ESS PCS.
- a method for handling a failure of a micro grid includes a plurality of distributed power supplies, a plurality of distributed loads, lines connecting the distributed power supplies and distributed loads, and all or part of the distributed power supplies.
- Blocking the distributed power supplies and the ESS when detecting a failure in the microgrid system Coupling the PCS of the ESS to the microgrid; Gradually increasing the voltage output from the PCS of the ESS, and determining a location where the failure occurs; And disconnecting the location where the failure occurs and connecting the distributed power supplies to the microgrid.
- the connecting of the PCS of the ESS to the microgrid may include: closing a DC stage switch for controlling the battery and the inverter of the ESS; Closing an AC stage switch for controlling the inverter and the microgrid of the ESS; And closing the IGBT constituting the inverter.
- the line / It can be determined by the load side failure.
- the step of determining the location where the failure occurs in order to gradually increase the voltage output from the PCS of the ESS from 0 [A] to a level of 80% of the rated current that can be sent to the microgrid for a specified period Can increase gradually.
- the microgrid system of the present invention has the advantage that it is not necessary to install a separate diesel generator or a large capacity battery for each distributed power source for failure testing.
- the microgrid system of the present invention has the advantage of minimizing the amount of power generated by renewable sources discarded by power outages.
- the microgrid system of the present invention is easy to maintain in a microsystem forming an independent system without a separate external power system such as an island area, and has an advantage suitable for long current supply applications.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a microgrid system in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a failure handling method performed in the control device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a connection structure to a microgrid system of an ESS PCS that may be applied to perform steps S20 and S30 of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a fault location determining method performed in step S50 of FIG. 2;
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the voltage and current measured for Off-Grid pressurization in steady state.
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the voltage and current measured for Off-Grid pressurization in the state that a failure occurs in the microgrid.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a more detailed process of sequentially connecting and failing distributed power supplies installed in a micro grid in step S155 of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a more detailed process of performing a check of failure of track sections in step S189 of FIG. 4.
- 9A to 9C are block diagrams illustrating the action taken from the occurrence of a failure of the microgrid system to the black start according to the spirit of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing voltage and current waveforms according to a gradual soft start in accordance with the inventive concept of the ESS PCS.
- Figure 11 is a block diagram showing a power supply section power supply system using a distributed power source according to the prior art.
- first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components may not be limited by the terms. The terms are only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.
- first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.
- a component When a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it may be understood that the component may be directly connected to or connected to the other component, but there may be other components in between. .
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a microgrid system 700 according to the spirit of the present invention.
- the illustrated microgrid system 700 includes a plurality of distributed power supplies 740 and 750 for powering the grid; Multiple distributed loads 771, 772, 773 consuming power in the system; Lines connecting the distributed power supplies (740, 750) and distributed loads (771, 772, 773) to the grid; And an ESS 720 that stores power supplied from all or a portion of the distributed power sources 740 and 750 and provides stored power to all or a portion of the distributed loads 771, 772, and 773.
- Each of some or all of the plurality of distributed power sources 740, 750 and distributed loads 771, 772, 773 may include blocking means 781-788 that can selectively connect or disconnect the grid. Can be.
- the lines should ideally have the same electrical characteristics (potential) for the plurality of distributed sources 740, 750 and distributed loads 771, 772, 773 connected to the grid, but the supply power and / or load Due to the imbalance and the impedance of the long lines themselves, they have different electrical properties (potential, current) at each point.
- detection means 781 to 785 for example, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a current meter, and a hall sensor.
- the detection means may be provided at each connection point of the plurality of distributed power sources 740 and 750 and the distributed loads 771, 772 and 773, or may be provided in a predetermined length unit.
- each or all of the plurality of distributed power supplies 740, 750 and distributed loads 771, 772, 773 may be provided with detection means for monitoring its running condition and / or electrical characteristics, or Monitoring means.
- the ESS 720 is a configuration to alleviate the power burden due to uneven load requirements in the microgrid, but a method using a lithium secondary battery has been implemented recently, but any known energy storage means may be applied.
- the plurality of distributed power sources 740, 750 also have PCS 745, 755, respectively, and the plurality of distributed loads 771, 772, 773 also have their own blocking means 786-788.
- the function according to the spirit of the invention is implemented using the PCS 730 of the ESS 720 and the blocking means 781 that connects / blocks the PCS 730 to the grid, and thus the PCS 730 for the ESS 720. ) And the blocking means 781 will be described in more detail.
- the PCS 730 for the ESS 720 may be referred to as an ESS PCS 730, and converts the power stored in the ESS 720 into alternating current (or direct current) power suitable for the microgrid to the microgrid system.
- the ESS PCS 730 is a power phase synchronization function for matching the power phase of the system and the power output to the system from the PCS, the function of adjusting the amount of power supplied to the system (that is, the magnitude of the voltage and / or current),
- a surge mitigation / protection function for mitigating and / or blocking a risk factor such as a surge generated from the grid side to be transmitted to the ESS 720 may be performed, and configurations for this may be provided. Since the above functions have been known several times as PCS technology in the ESS field, detailed descriptions will be omitted.
- the ESS PCS 730 when a failure occurs in the microgrid system to which the ESS 720 is connected, the ESS PCS 730 briefly stops in the system. Can be separated.
- the IGBT (more specifically, the IGBT constituting the inverter) provided in the ESS PCS 730 to protect the ESS PCS 730 itself in such a temporary system separation process and the fault location determination process according to the present invention.
- the open time is advantageously within about several hundred [us] (microseconds).
- the illustrated ESS PCS 730 in the function of adjusting the amount of power supplied to the system, it is advantageous to be able to adjust the amount of power to a continuous value as possible. Even when discontinuously adjusting the amount of power, it is advantageous if the steps are as detailed as possible.
- the illustrated ESS PCS 730 is 80% of the maximum current (rated current) that can be sent to the grid from 0 [A] for a predetermined test time (e.g., a specified period in the range of 1 to 3 seconds) at startup. It can be gradually increased up to the level of non-failure.
- ESS PCS 730 according to the spirit of the present invention, depending on the connection state of the plurality of distributed power sources (740, 750) and a plurality of distributed loads (771, 772, 773) for the system of the microgrid system,
- the amount of power output can be adjusted, which can be implemented by applying ESS technology and / or PCS technology for configuring a known smart grid system.
- Incrementally increasing the output voltage for a predetermined time in the above-described ESS PCS may be performed by connecting the ESS that has been separated from the grid to the grid again, at 0 V at the beginning of the connection, (Eg, a specified period in the range of 1 second to 3 seconds), the voltage may be sequentially increased to a predetermined voltage level.
- the relationship between time and voltage forms a linear function continuously (a straight line with a predetermined slope), but in actual application, it is a condition that shows a relationship in which the relationship between time and voltage increases proportionally. (discrete) and / or the relationship between the time and voltage of the curve.
- the reference point of the voltage and current measurement is preferably an output terminal (connection point with the system) of the ESS PCS, but is not limited thereto.
- the functions of the conventional ESS PCS may be used.
- the number of cells used to generate output power among the fully charged battery cells may be sequentially increased.
- the output voltage may be adjusted by adjusting the capacity of the temporary energy storage means and / or the number of unit cells.
- a transformer having multiple stage taps capable of increasing the output voltage level discontinuously can be used.
- control unit determines a location where a failure occurs in the microgrid system using the ESS PCS 730 and performs a black start as a follow-up measure according to the failure.
- the device 760 may further include.
- the control device 760 is advantageously installed at the central control site of the microgrid system 700, and actively uses the ESS 720 and the ESS PCS 730, and thus the same site as the ESS 720. It is advantageous to be located at or close to (place).
- the monitoring device 760 includes, for example, detection means 791 to be installed in the ESS 720, the ESS PCS 730, the distributed power sources 740 and 750, the distributed loads 771, 772 and 773, and the tracks. 795 or data (signal) communication with the monitoring means.
- the control device 760 may include a power line communication means that can access each detection means or monitoring means or a wired / wireless communication means that uses a separate medium from the power line.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a failure handling method performed in the control device 760 of FIG. 1.
- the illustrated failure handling method includes: detecting a failure in the microgrid system (S10); A system interruption step of blocking the distributed power supplies and the ESS; Connecting the ESS PCS to the microgrid system (S30); Gradually increasing the voltage output from the connected ESS PCS (S40) and determining a location at which the failure occurs (S50); And blocking the location where the failure has occurred (S60) and connecting the distributed power supplies to the microgrid (S70).
- the failure detection step S10 may be performed by the distributed power supplies connected to the microgrid system and the PCS of the ESS.
- each PCS can detect failures in the microgrid system as a self-protection function to protect each distributed power supply or ESS mediated by the system.
- the PCS that has detected the failure can report it to the control device using data communication means.
- the system blocking step S20 may be performed by a PCS detecting a failure by a function of the PCS itself, and a PCS not detecting a failure by a blocking command of a control device that has reported a failure.
- the step S60 is for separating a section determined as a failure in the step S50 from the system. Specifically, the step S60 may be performed by turning off a disconnected power source or a cutoff means of the distributed load.
- the microgrid is restarted with only the failure part removed from the system before the complete recovery of the failure in the state where the failure has occurred, and may be referred to as a black start.
- the step S70 if it is confirmed that the failure section of the system is separated (S60), first connect the ESS PCS to the microgrid system to supply power to the healthy section, the distributed power supply (PV / WT) sequentially PCS can be connected to the microgrid system.
- FIG 3 illustrates an embodiment of a connection structure for a microgrid system of an ESS PCS that can be applied to perform the steps S20 and S30.
- a DC stage switch intermittent between the battery of the ESS and the PCS inverter;
- An AC stage switch (AC CB) for controlling the inverter and the microgrid of the ESS PCS;
- an IGBT interrupting means (not shown) which interrupts the IGBT constituting the inverter.
- the battery of the ESS is interrupted with the inverter via the DC stage switch (DC CB), and the inverter is again connected via the AC stage switch (AC CB) to the ESS blocking device (CB, 781 in FIG. 1) or the microgrid system. Can be cracked down.
- Table 1 below describes the criteria of the failure location determination performed in the failure location determination step (S50).
- the criteria described in the above table may be applied to the failure location determination method described below.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a fault location determining method performed in the fault location determining step S50.
- the illustrated failure location determination method when the ESS PCS is connected to the migration grid (S30), checking whether or not the normal operation of the ESS PCS itself (S120); If it is confirmed that the ESS PCS is operating normally, by gradually increasing the voltage supplied from the ESS PCS to the system, by monitoring the current of the microgrid, to confirm whether the line / load side failure (S150); If the line / load side failure is confirmed, checking whether the failure for each load section (S180); If the failure is not confirmed in each load section, it may include a step (S189) to determine whether the line failure.
- step S30 of the ESS PCS in FIG. 2 The flowchart shown is executed as the microgrid grid connection step S30 of the ESS PCS in FIG. 2 is performed, and step S30 in the figure means step S30 in FIG.
- the step of confirming whether enough power is stored in the ESS for the gradual pressurization (Off-Grid pressurization) to the system according to the spirit of the present invention may further include. This is due to the fact that significant power is required for the gradual pressurization into the system to check the overall system for failure.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measured voltage and current with respect to the off-grid pressurization in a normal state.
- 6 is a graph showing voltage and current measured with respect to off-grid pressurization in a state where a failure occurs in the microgrid.
- the system voltage is 380 [V]
- the total load is 1.5 [M]
- the ESS PCS capacity is 2.0 [M]
- the failure determination current may be a reference current amount sufficient to determine the failure, and may be a current amount that does not interfere with the power distribution evenly to the line / load side connected to the grid.
- the ESS PCS can be applied as the maximum current (rated current) that can be sent to the grid connected to the line / load side.
- step S150 When it is determined that the off-grid system is pressurized in step S150, that is, it is determined that there is no failure section in the pressurized system (part connected to the system in step S30), and in step S155, the distributed power supply installed is sequentially linked and Failure checks can be carried out. For example, when a power failure situation occurs again due to the associated distributed power source, failure due to the distributed power source may be determined. Pressurization of the off-grid system means that the voltage-current pattern according to the graph shown in FIG. 5 appears.
- step S150 If the off-grid pressurization is not properly performed in step S150, the operations after step S180 of measuring the line section and the magnitude / direction of the load side current are performed.
- step S180 when the current value measured at the end of each load section is lowered to a predetermined ratio or less by comparing with a preset setting value, it is determined as a failure of the corresponding load section.
- a failure section is determined by comparing a current value measured at the end of each load section with a setting value. For example, when the measured value> Setting X 0.5 (which can be changed), the corresponding section is broken. It can be determined.
- the rated capacity of the ESS is 1M
- 0.8 may be applied as the magnification multiplied by the setting value.
- the magnification may be adjusted according to the capacity of the ESS, such as setting the magnification to 0.7.
- a difference occurs in the measured before and after current magnitudes in the case of a line failure section, and the difference in the measured magnitudes before and after the current may be estimated as the current flowing through the failure point. In the case of a normal line section where no fault has occurred, the difference in the magnitude of the measured current before and after appears similar.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a more detailed process of sequentially connecting and failing distributed power supplies installed in a micro grid in step S155 of FIG. 4.
- 7 is a diagram illustrating sequentially connecting distributed power supplies installed for inspection after a failure, assuming that only the solar power power (PV) and the wind power power (WT) are distributed power sources separated from the corresponding microgrid system due to a failure. will be.
- PV solar power power
- WT wind power
- the illustrated distributed power test method includes connecting the PCS of the wind power source (WT) with the grid (S210) and checking whether a power failure occurs (S220); If the power failure by the wind power source (WT) does not occur, connecting the PCS of the solar power source (PV) with the grid (S230) and checking whether the power failure occurs (S240); If the power failure by the solar power supply PV does not occur, it may include a step (S250) for determining a momentary failure.
- step S220 When the power failure is confirmed in step S220, a line failure of the wind power supply (WT) is determined (S225). When the power failure is confirmed in step S240, the line failure of the solar power PV may be determined. )
- the wind power source (WT) is first inspected and then the solar power source (PV) is inspected. This inspection order may be changed.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a more detailed process of checking whether line sections have failed in step S189 of FIG. 4.
- the drawings assume that there are only 1, 2, 3 track sections.
- the illustrated line section inspection method includes: checking whether the current magnitude before measurement in line section 3 is similar to the magnitude of current after measurement (meaning that it is within the range considered to be practically the same) (S320); If the current magnitudes before / after measurement in line section 3 are similar to each other, checking whether the current magnitudes before measurement in line section 2 are similar to the current magnitudes after measurement (S330); If the current magnitudes before / after measurement in line section 2 are similar to each other, checking whether the current magnitudes before measurement in line section 1 are similar to the current magnitudes after measurement (S340); If the current magnitudes before / after measurement of the line section 1 are similar to each other, the method may include re-checking and / or checking an exception section (excluded section) (S350).
- step S320 If it is determined in step S320 that the current magnitudes before and after the measurement are different from each other, the failure of the line section 3 is determined (S325). If it is determined in step S335 and in step S340 that the current magnitudes before and after the measurement are different from each other, the failure of the line section 1 may be determined. (S345)
- 9A to 9C are block diagrams illustrating actions taken from a failure of a microgrid system to a black start according to the spirit of the present invention.
- the ESS PCS is connected to the microgrid system while the distributed power supplies PV and WT are disconnected from the system, and the ESS is operated to operate the system. Gradually increase the voltage of.
- FIG. 10 shows voltage and current waveforms with a gradual soft start in accordance with the inventive concept of the ESS PCS.
- the voltage / current waveform of the ESS output stage is shown as the output voltage gradually rises from 0V to the rated voltage for about 1 second.
- the Soft Start operation of the ESS PCS described above may be associated with Black Start, which isolates the failure portion of the system and starts the microgrid again.
- the VCB side UVR relay may be required to deactivate the function during the Black Start, to deactivate the UVR relay and to activate the ESS PCS after all breakers have been inserted.
- the present invention relates to a microgrid system for performing fault handling and a fault handling method using the same, which can be used in the field of power systems.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 다수의 분산 전원들;다수의 분산 부하들;상기 분산 전원들 및 분산 부하들을 연결하는 선로들;을 구비하는 마이크로그리드 시스템에 있어서,상기 분산 전원들의 전부 또는 일부에서 공급되는 전력을 저장하고, 상기 분산 부하들의 전부 또는 일부로 저장된 전력을 제공하는 ESS;상기 ESS에 저장된 전력을 상기 마이크로그리드에 적합한 교류 전력으로 변환하여 상기 마이크로그리드에 공급하되, 비정상 상황에서 상기 마이크로그리드와의 연결을 차단하는 차단 수단을 구비하는 ESS PCS; 및상기 마이크로그리드에서 고장을 감지하면, 상기 ESS PCS에서 출력되는 전압을 점진적으로 높이면서 상기 고장에 대한 처리를 수행하는 관제 장치를 포함하는 마이크로그리드 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 관제 장치는,상기 마이크로그리드에서 고장을 감지하면 상기 분산 전원들 및 상기 ESS를 차단하는 단계;상기 ESS PCS를 상기 마이크로그리드에 연결하는 단계;상기 연결된 ESS PCS에서 출력되는 전압을 점진적으로 높이면서, 상기 고장이 발생된 위치를 판단하는 단계; 및상기 고장이 발생된 위치를 차단하고 상기 분산 전원들을 상기 마이크로그리드에 연결하는 단계를 수행하는 마이크로그리드 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 차단 수단은,상기 ESS의 배터리와 인버터를 단속하는 DC단 스위치;상기 ESS PCS의 인버터와 마이크로그리드를 단속하는 AC단 스위치; 및상기 인버터를 구성하는 IGBT를 단속하는 IGBT 단속 수단을 포함하는 마이크로그리드 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 ESS PCS의 인버터를 구성하는 IGBT의 Open 시간은 400[us]이내이며,상기 ESS PCS에서 출력되는 전압을 점진적으로 높이는 시간은 1초 내지 3초 범위에서 지정된 기간인 것을 특징으로 하는 마이크로그리드 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 관제 장치는,상기 분산 전원들 및 상기 분산 부하들, 선로들에 설치된 검측 수단 데이터 통신을 수행할 수 있는 통신 수단을 구비하는 마이크로그리드 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 관제 장치는,상기 ESS PCS에서 출력되는 전압을 점진적으로 높이기 위해 지정된 기간 동안 0[A]부터 상기 마이크로그리드에 내보낼 수 있는 정격 전류의 80%의 수준까지 점진적으로 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 마이크로그리드 시스템.
- 다수의 분산 전원들과,다수의 분산 부하들과,상기 분산 전원들 및 분산 부하들을 연결하는 선로들과,상기 분산 전원들의 전부 또는 일부에서 공급되는 전력을 저장하고, 상기 분산 부하들의 전부 또는 일부로 저장된 전력을 제공하는 ESS를 구비하는 마이크로그리드의 고장 처리 방법에 있어서,상기 마이크로그리드 시스템에서 고장을 감지하면, 상기 분산 전원들 및 ESS를 차단하는 단계;상기 ESS의 PCS를 상기 마이크로그리드에 연결하는 단계;상기 ESS의 PCS에서 출력되는 전압을 점진적으로 높이면서, 상기 고장이 발생된 위치를 판단하는 단계; 및상기 고장이 발생된 위치를 차단하고 상기 분산 전원들을 상기 마이크로그리드에 연결하는 단계를 포함하는 고장 처리 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 ESS의 PCS를 상기 마이크로그리드에 연결하는 단계는,상기 ESS의 배터리와 인버터를 단속하는 DC단 스위치를 닫는 단계;상기 ESS의 인버터와 마이크로그리드를 단속하는 AC단 스위치를 닫는 단계; 및상기 인버터를 구성하는 IGBT를 닫는 단계를 포함하는 고장 처리 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 고장이 발생된 위치를 판단하는 단계에서는,전압의 점진적인 증가에 따른 전류의 변화 추이를 정상상태인 경우와 비교하여, 정상 상태의 전류 변화 추이보다 뚜렷하게 높은 증가 추이가 확인되면, 선로/부하측 고장으로 판정하는 고장 처리 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 고장이 발생된 위치를 판단하는 단계에서는,상기 ESS의 PCS에서 출력되는 전압을 점진적으로 높이기 위해 지정된 기간 동안 0[A]부터 상기 마이크로그리드에 내보낼 수 있는 정격 전류의 80%의 수준까지 점진적으로 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 고장 처리 방법.
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EP17877559.9A EP3553911B1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-12-05 | Microgrid system, and method for managing malfunction |
US16/467,074 US10998756B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-12-05 | Microgrid system and method for managing malfunction |
AU2017371146A AU2017371146A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-12-05 | Microgrid system, and method for managing malfunction |
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KR1020160167910A KR101943468B1 (ko) | 2016-12-09 | 2016-12-09 | 마이크로그리드 시스템 및 고장 처리 방법 |
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US (1) | US10998756B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP3553911B1 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101943468B1 (ko) |
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WO (1) | WO2018105989A1 (ko) |
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CN109995070A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 西门子公司 | 微电网*** |
CN110120657B (zh) * | 2018-02-06 | 2022-04-08 | 西门子公司 | 单元电网保护装置、大电网以及控制单元电网保护装置的方法 |
WO2019242657A1 (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | 清华大学 | 微电网重构方法、装置、微电网保护控制中心和存储介质 |
EP3605776B1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-04-20 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Method for locating phase faults in a microgrid |
US11239659B2 (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2022-02-01 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Microgrid autosynchronizing using remote recloser inputs and outputs |
KR20210016795A (ko) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 에너지 허브 장치 및 에너지 관리 방법 |
CN110854889B (zh) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-07-06 | 江西赣锋电池科技有限公司 | 一种储能***及其多级保护方法 |
CN110994571B (zh) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-09-07 | 东北电力大学 | 一种适用交直流混合配电网的故障分级处理方法 |
US11588323B2 (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-02-21 | Commonwealth Associates, Inc. | Method and apparatus for locating faults in an islanded microgrid |
US11929608B2 (en) | 2021-09-01 | 2024-03-12 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Systems and methods for operating an islanded distribution substation using inverter power generation |
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KR20180066732A (ko) | 2018-06-19 |
KR101943468B1 (ko) | 2019-01-29 |
US20190319481A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
AU2017371146A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
EP3553911A4 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
EP3553911A1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
EP3553911B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
US10998756B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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