WO2018103670A1

WO2018103670A1 - System for use in imageing in air

Info

Publication number: WO2018103670A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/114851
Authority: WO
Inventors: 徐俊峰; 方涛
Original assignee: 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Priority date: 2016-12-08
Filing date: 2017-12-06
Publication date: 2018-06-14

Abstract

A system for use in imaging in the air, comprising: an image source (1), a transflective mirror (2) and an opposing reflective element (3); a light emitted by the image source (1) passes through a reflection of the transflective mirror (2) and is irradiated onto the opposing reflective element (3), wherein the light is reflected on the opposing reflective element (3) and then emerges in an opposite direction along an original incident path, and after being transmitted by the transflective mirror (2), then forms a real image (4); the opposing reflective element (3) comprises a large number of micro-structures (31, 31') for use in reflecting in an opposing direction, wherein a relationship between the diameter of the micro-structures (31, 31'), the dot pitch of a source image pixel array, and an optical path from the real image (4) to the opposing reflective element (3) is designed as follows: the diameter of the micro-structures (31, 31') is linearly related to the dot pitch, and the optical path is linearly related to a square of the dot pitch. The system does not require any medium and may present an image directly in the air or even in a vacuum.

Description

用于在空中成像的***System for imaging in the air

本申请要求于2016年12月8日提交的中国专利申请CN2016111240031的优先权，于2017年12月5日提交的中国专利申请CN2017112704019的优先权，于2017年12月5日提交的中国专利申请CN2017112712706的优先权，于2017年12月5日提交的中国专利申请CN2017112692670的优先权，于2017年12月5日提交的中国专利申请CN2017112712725的优先权，这些申请通过引用完整地结合在本文中。The present application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application CN2016111240031 filed on Dec. 8, 2016, the priority of the Chinese patent application CN2017112704019 filed on December 5, 2017, and the Chinese patent application CN2017112712706 filed on December 5, 2017. The priority of the Chinese Patent Application No. CN2017112692670, filed on Dec. 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及全息成像领域，更具体地，涉及一种用于在空中成像的***。The present invention relates to the field of holographic imaging and, more particularly, to a system for imaging in the air.

背景技术Background technique

全息技术是利用干涉和衍射原理来记录并再现物体真实的三维图像的技术。Holographic technology is a technique that uses the principles of interference and diffraction to record and reproduce a true three-dimensional image of an object.

传统的全息成像方法是利用激光干涉的原理，产生全息图像。激光光源发出的光分为两束，一束直接射向感光片，另一束经被摄物的反射后再射向感光片。两束光在感光片上叠加产生干涉，最后利用数字图像基本原理对再现的全息图进行进一步处理，去除数字干扰，得到清晰的全息图像。这种方法存在对单色性要求高，彩色成像的实现比较困难的缺点。The traditional holographic imaging method uses the principle of laser interference to produce a holographic image. The light emitted by the laser source is split into two beams, one beam directly directed to the photosensitive sheet, and the other beam reflected by the object and then directed to the photosensitive sheet. The two beams are superimposed on the photosensitive sheet to generate interference. Finally, the reproduced hologram is further processed by the basic principle of the digital image to remove the digital interference and obtain a clear holographic image. This method has the disadvantages of high requirements for monochromaticity and difficulty in achieving color imaging.

现有的全息成像技术，一般分为以下三种：Existing holographic imaging technologies are generally classified into the following three types:

第一种是需要借助虚拟现实或增强现实眼镜或者头盔，如微软的HoloLens等；这种技术因为需要借助于辅助器具，应用场景有限，且目前造价昂贵。The first is the need to use virtual reality or augmented reality glasses or helmets, such as Microsoft's HoloLens; this technology has limited application scenarios and is currently expensive due to the need for assistive devices.

第二种需要借助高速旋转的反光板和高速刷新的投影仪，将图像投影在高速旋转的反光板上从而实现三维图像。专利文献CN105372926A中公开了一种利用此类技术的转动式全息投影展示柜。这种技术很难实现互动，并且对场地空间的要求很苛刻。The second type requires the use of a high-speed rotating reflector and a high-speed refresh projector to project the image at A three-dimensional image is realized on a high-speed rotating mirror. A rotary holographic projection display case utilizing such a technique is disclosed in the patent document CN105372926A. This technique is difficult to interact with and the space requirements are very demanding.

第三种是借助含有细微颗粒的介质，例如含水蒸汽的空气，将图像投射在水蒸汽液化形成的小水珠上，由于分子震动不均衡，可以形成层次和立体感很强的图像。在专利文献CN104977794A以及CN 103116422 A中，公开了这种技术的应用，都是利用水蒸汽幕墙在空气中形成图像。应用这种技术仍然需要配备辅助工具，用于产生水蒸汽幕墙，因此使用并不是很方便。The third type is to project an image on a small water droplet formed by liquefaction of water vapor by means of a medium containing fine particles, such as air containing water vapor. Due to the unbalanced molecular vibration, a layered and stereoscopic image can be formed. In the patent documents CN104977794A and CN 103116422 A, the application of this technique is disclosed, which utilizes a water vapor curtain wall to form an image in the air. The application of this technology still requires the use of auxiliary tools for the production of water vapor curtain walls, so it is not very convenient to use.

总的来说，以上技术或成像于虚拟现实或增强现实工具，或成像于高速旋转的反光板，或成像于空气中的蒸汽微粒，都不是真正意义上的在空中成像。In general, the above techniques or imaging to virtual reality or augmented reality tools, or mirrors that are imaged at high speeds, or vapor particles that are imaged in the air, are not truly imaged in the air.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明旨在克服上述技术的缺陷，提供一种真正的在空中成像的***和方法，使得可以直接在没有任何特殊介质的空气中成像，甚至可以在真空中成像；这使应用范围大大扩展，不再受辅助工具的限制，对现有的人机互动场景带来革命性的突破。The present invention is directed to overcoming the deficiencies of the above-described techniques, and provides a true in-the-air imaging system and method that enables direct imaging in air without any special medium, and even imaging in a vacuum; this greatly expands the range of applications, No longer limited by accessibility tools, it brings revolutionary breakthroughs to existing human-computer interaction scenarios.

根据本发明的一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中According to a main aspect of the present invention, a system for imaging in the air includes an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成实像。The light emitted by the source passes through the reflector and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. The light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element and then emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image.

根据本发明的另一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中According to another main aspect of the present invention, a system for imaging in the air is provided, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成实像。The light emitted by the image source passes through the transmissive lens and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. The light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element and then exits in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transflective mirror. Become a real image.

根据本发明的又一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜、第一对向反射元件和第二对向反射元件；其中According to still another main aspect of the present invention, a system for imaging in the air includes an image source, a transmissive mirror, a first counter-reflecting element, and a second counter-reflecting element;

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到第一对向反射元件上，光线在第一对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成第一实像；而The light emitted by the source passes through the reflector and is irradiated onto the first opposite reflecting element. The light is reflected on the first opposite reflecting element and then exits in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is transmitted through the transflective mirror. First real image;

另外，像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到第二对向反射元件上，光线在第二对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成第二实像。In addition, the light emitted by the image source passes through the transmissive lens and is irradiated onto the second opposite reflecting element. The light is reflected on the second opposite reflecting element and then exits in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transflective mirror. A second real image is formed.

根据本发明的另一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，第一像源、第二像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中According to another main aspect of the present invention, a system for imaging in the air is provided, comprising: a first image source, a second image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

第一像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成第一实像；而The light emitted by the first image source is reflected by the transflective mirror and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a first Real image;

第二像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成第二实像；并且The light emitted by the second image source passes through the transmissive mirror and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transmissive mirror to form a second Real image; and

第一像源和第二像源的位置设置成，使得第一实像和第二实像形成在同一位置。The positions of the first image source and the second image source are set such that the first real image and the second real image are formed at the same position.

优选地，像源是发出虚像或者实像的显示成像设备，或者由这些显像设备所形成的虚像或实像。Preferably, the image source is a display imaging device that emits a virtual image or a real image, or a virtual image or a real image formed by the imaging devices.

优选地，像源的光源为激光、发光二极管、有机发光二极管、受激荧光发光材料中的一种或多种。Preferably, the light source of the image source is one or more of a laser, a light emitting diode, an organic light emitting diode, and an excited fluorescent luminescent material.

优选地，透反镜的透射率的范围为20％～80％。Preferably, the transmittance of the transflectoscope ranges from 20% to 80%.

优选地，透反镜的反射率的范围为20％～80％。Preferably, the reflectivity of the transflectoscope ranges from 20% to 80%.

在一种优选的实施形式中，对向反射元件包括带反射面的基材，以及分布在基材上的微结构。In a preferred embodiment, the opposite reflective element comprises a substrate with a reflective surface, and The microstructure of the cloth on the substrate.

优选地，微结构是透明材质形成的直角顶点微结构，其中该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点且该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角。Preferably, the microstructure is a right angle vertex microstructure formed by a transparent material, wherein the right angle vertex microstructure has at least one right angle vertex and the three edges of the right angle vertex are at right angles to each other.

优选地，微结构是含有直角顶点微结构的凹陷部，其中该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点且该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角。Preferably, the microstructure is a recess comprising a right-angled vertex microstructure, wherein the right-angled vertex microstructure has at least one right-angled vertex and the three edges of the right-angled vertex are at right angles to each other.

优选地，微结构是透明材质形成的球状微结构。Preferably, the microstructure is a spherical microstructure formed of a transparent material.

优选地，反射面形成于所述基材朝向所述微结构的面上。Preferably, a reflective surface is formed on a surface of the substrate that faces the microstructure.

优选地，反射面形成于所述基材与所述微结构交界的区域上。Preferably, a reflective surface is formed on a region of the substrate that interfaces with the microstructure.

优选地，微结构和所述基材是由同样的透明材质一体形成的，所述直角顶点是向外凸起的，所述反射面形成在所述直角顶点的三条棱两两交互而成的三个面上。Preferably, the microstructure and the substrate are integrally formed by the same transparent material, the right-angled apex is outwardly convex, and the reflective surface is formed by three edges of the right-angled apex. Three faces.

优选地，微结构在基材上均匀分布。Preferably, the microstructures are evenly distributed over the substrate.

优选地，所述基材是薄膜、幕布、板材或树脂。Preferably, the substrate is a film, curtain, sheet or resin.

在另一种优选的实施形式中，对向反射元件包括大量对向反射单元。In another preferred embodiment, the counter-reflecting element comprises a plurality of counter-reflecting elements.

优选地，对向反射单元包括带反射面的微结构。Preferably, the opposite reflecting unit comprises a microstructure with a reflecting surface.

优选地，微结构是透明材质形成的直角顶点微结构，其中该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点且该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角，而这三条棱两两相交形成的三个面或至少它们的部分区域形成反射面。Preferably, the microstructure is a right-angled vertex microstructure formed by a transparent material, wherein the right-angled vertex microstructure has at least one right-angled vertex and the three edges of the right-angled vertex are at right angles to each other, and the three sides of the three-sided intersection form a three-sided or At least some of their areas form a reflective surface.

优选地，微结构是含有直角顶点微结构的凹陷部，其中该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点且该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角，而这三条棱两两相交形成的三个面或至少它们的部分区域形成反射面。Preferably, the microstructure is a depressed portion having a right-angled vertex microstructure, wherein the right-angled vertex microstructure has at least one right-angled vertex and the three edges of the right-angled vertex are at right angles to each other, and the three sides of the three-sided intersection form a three-sided or At least some of their areas form a reflective surface.

优选地，微结构是透明材质形成的球状微结构；该球状微结构离所述透反镜较远的那部分表面形成反射面。Preferably, the microstructure is a spherical microstructure formed by a transparent material; the surface of the portion of the spherical microstructure that is farther from the transflector forms a reflective surface.

优选地，微结构的反射面附着在基材上或与之形成为一体；其中该基材能够用于承载所述对向反射元件。Preferably, the reflective surface of the microstructure is attached to or integral with the substrate; wherein the substrate can be used to carry the counter-reflecting element.

优选地，微结构的反射面以外的面附着在透明的基材上或与之形成为一体；其中该基材能够用于承载所述对向反射元件。Preferably, the surface other than the reflective surface of the microstructure is attached to or formed as a transparent substrate The substrate; wherein the substrate can be used to carry the counter-reflecting elements.

在又一种优选的实施形式中，对向反射元件也包括大量对向反射单元。In a further preferred embodiment, the counter-reflecting element also comprises a plurality of counter-reflecting elements.

优选地，对向反射单元包括第一材质和第二材质中的一种，该对向反射单元还包括反射面；Preferably, the opposite reflecting unit comprises one of a first material and a second material, the opposite reflecting unit further comprising a reflecting surface;

第一材质是透明的实体材料；The first material is a transparent solid material;

第一材质从光线的入射路径看去，位于反射面的前方；光线经由第一材质入射后，在反射面上经反射后，又从第一材质出射；The first material is viewed from the incident path of the light and is located in front of the reflective surface; after the light is incident through the first material, it is reflected on the reflective surface and then emitted from the first material;

第二材质从光线的入射路径看去，位于反射面的后方。The second material is seen from the incident path of the light and is located behind the reflective surface.

优选地，对向反射单元包括第一材质和第二材质，对向反射单元还包括反射面；Preferably, the opposite reflecting unit comprises a first material and a second material, and the opposite reflecting unit further comprises a reflecting surface;

第一材质是空气或者真空；而第二材质是薄膜、幕布、板材或树脂；The first material is air or vacuum; and the second material is film, curtain, sheet or resin;

优选地，反射面是由直角顶点的三条棱两两相交形成的三个面或至少它们的部分区域，其中该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角。Preferably, the reflecting surface is three faces formed by the intersection of three ribs of a right-angled apex or at least a partial region thereof, wherein the three ribs of the right-angled apex are at right angles to each other.

优选地，反射面是球体表面的一部分，从光线的入射路径看去所述球体的圆心位于所述反射面的前方。Preferably, the reflecting surface is a part of the surface of the sphere, and the center of the sphere is located in front of the reflecting surface as seen from the incident path of the light.

优选地，第二材质是薄膜、幕布、板材或树脂。Preferably, the second material is a film, a curtain, a sheet or a resin.

优选地，直角顶点的三条棱等长。Preferably, the three ribs of the right angle vertex are equal in length.

优选地，反射面上附着有高反射材料。Preferably, a highly reflective material is attached to the reflective surface.

优选地，高反射材料的反射率高达60％、70％、80％或90％以上。Preferably, the reflectivity of the highly reflective material is as high as 60%, 70%, 80% or more.

优选地，高反射材料以喷涂或者镀膜的方式附着在反射面上。Preferably, the highly reflective material is attached to the reflective surface by spraying or coating.

优选地，对向反射元件具有朝向透反镜弯曲的弧度。Preferably, the opposing reflective element has an arc that is curved toward the transmissive mirror.

优选地，微结构在对向反射元件上均匀分布。Preferably, the microstructures are evenly distributed over the opposing reflective elements.

优选地，像源为立体像源。 Preferably, the image source is a stereo image source.

优选地，立体像源为可以显示三维立体的图像，结构和视频源的三维立体显示设备。Preferably, the stereo image source is a three-dimensional display device capable of displaying three-dimensional images, structures and video sources.

优选地，三维立体显示设备包括平移扫描成像***或旋转扫描成像***。Preferably, the three-dimensional stereoscopic display device comprises a panning scanning imaging system or a rotational scanning imaging system.

优选地，透反镜的两个面中的一个面附着有透反材质，使得反射率在20％-80％，相应的透射率在80％-20％之间。Preferably, one of the two faces of the transflective lens is adhered with a transflective material such that the reflectance is between 20% and 80% and the corresponding transmittance is between 80% and 20%.

优选地，透反镜的两个面中没有附着透反材质的面附着有增透材质。Preferably, the surface of the two surfaces of the transflective lens to which the transflective material is not adhered is adhered with an antireflection material.

优选地，三条棱的长度在20微米～5毫米之间。Preferably, the length of the three ribs is between 20 microns and 5 mm.

优选地，三条棱中，最长的棱长度不超过最短的棱长度的10倍。Preferably, of the three ribs, the longest rib length does not exceed 10 times the length of the shortest rib.

优选地，第一材质是透明的实体材料时，其入射面附着有增透材质。Preferably, when the first material is a transparent solid material, an antireflection material is adhered to the incident surface.

优选地，第一材质是透明的实体材料时，其入射面是平面。Preferably, when the first material is a transparent solid material, the incident surface is a plane.

优选地，三条棱所形成的三个面中至少有一个面与入射面的夹角小于54度。Preferably, at least one of the three faces formed by the three ribs has an angle of less than 54 degrees with the incident face.

根据本发明的一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的方法，其包括下列步骤：According to a main aspect of the invention, a method for imaging in the air is provided, comprising the steps of:

(1)提供像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；(1) providing an image source, a transflective mirror, and a counter-reflecting element;

(2)使像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上；(2) causing the light emitted by the image source to be reflected by the transflective mirror and irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element;

(3)使光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，再透射过透反镜后形成实像。(3) After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, it is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and then transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image.

根据本发明的另一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的方法，其包括下列步骤：According to another main aspect of the present invention, a method for imaging in the air is provided, comprising the steps of:

(2)使像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上；(2) causing the light emitted by the image source to pass through the transmissive mirror and illuminate the opposite reflecting element;

(3)使光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成实像。(3) The light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element and then exits along the original incident path in the opposite direction, and is reflected by the transmissive mirror to form a real image.

根据本发明的又一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的方法，其包括下列步骤：According to still another main aspect of the present invention, a method for imaging in the air is provided, the package The following steps are included:

(1)提供像源、透反镜、第一对向反射元件和第二对向反射元件；(1) providing an image source, a transflective mirror, a first counter-reflecting element, and a second counter-reflecting element;

(2)使像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到第一对向反射元件上；并使像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到第二对向反射元件上，(2) causing the light emitted by the image source to be reflected by the transmissive mirror to be irradiated onto the first opposite reflecting element; and the light emitted from the image source is transmitted through the transmissive mirror to be irradiated onto the second opposite reflecting element.

(3)使光线在第一对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成第一实像；并使光线在第二对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成第二实像。(3) causing the light to be reflected on the first opposite reflecting element and then exiting along the original incident path in the opposite direction, transmitting the first real image after being transmitted through the transflective mirror; and causing the light to be reflected on the second opposite reflecting element It exits along the original incident path in the opposite direction and is reflected by the transilluminator to form a second real image.

(1)提供第一像源、第二像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；(1) providing a first image source, a second image source, a transflective mirror, and a counter-reflecting element;

(2)使第一像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上；并使第二像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上；(2) causing the light emitted by the first image source to be reflected by the transflective mirror to illuminate the opposite reflecting element; and transmitting the light emitted by the second image source through the transmissive mirror to illuminate the opposite reflecting element;

(3)使第一像源发出的光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成第一实像；并使第二像源发出的光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成第二实像；(3) causing the light emitted by the first image source to reflect on the opposite reflecting element and then exiting along the original incident path in the opposite direction, transmitting the first real image after being transmitted through the transflective mirror; and causing the light emitted by the second image source to be After being reflected on the opposite reflective element, the opposite direction is emitted along the original incident path, and reflected by the transflective mirror to form a second real image;

(4)设置第一像源和第二像源的位置，使得第一实像和第二实像形成在同一位置。(4) The positions of the first image source and the second image source are set such that the first real image and the second real image are formed at the same position.

在本发明中，“对向反射”的含义是，光线在对向反射元件上发生对向反射时，从宏观上观察，反射光线与入射光线处于同一条路径上，只是方向相反，(当然，从微观上观察，可以认为反射路径和入射路径略有偏移)。另外，由于光具有波粒二象性，光线从对向反射元件反射时，会存在一定的衍射效应，反射光会产生一定的发散角；在这个角度理解时，只要反射光的主轴与入射光方向相反，也是满足本发明中“对向反射”的要求的。In the present invention, the meaning of "opposing reflection" is that when light rays are reflected in opposite directions on the opposite reflecting element, the reflected light is in the same path as the incident light, but in the opposite direction (of course, From the microscopic observation, it can be considered that the reflection path and the incident path are slightly offset). In addition, since light has wave-particle duality, when light is reflected from the opposite reflective element, there will be a certain diffraction effect, and the reflected light will have a certain divergence angle; at this angle, as long as the principal axis and the incident light of the reflected light The opposite direction also satisfies the requirements of "opposing reflection" in the present invention.

对向反射对光线的微观上的偏移以及夫朗和费衍射是影响本发明空中成像的清晰度的两个核心因素，这两种因素也是相互制约的。对向反射元件的微结构尺寸越小，则造成的光线偏移越小，但是衍射造成的光斑则越大；相反的，如果微结构尺寸越大，则衍射造成的光斑越小，但是造成的光线偏移越大。为了克服这两种相互制约的关系对成像清晰度的不利影响，本发明还提供以下方案来以获取最优的成像清晰度。The microscopic shift of the opposite reflection to the light and the Fraunhofer diffraction affect the airborne invention. The two core factors of imaging clarity are also mutually constrained. The smaller the microstructure size of the counter-reflecting element, the smaller the light deviation caused, but the larger the spot caused by diffraction; on the contrary, if the size of the microstructure is larger, the spot caused by diffraction is smaller, but the result is The greater the light offset. In order to overcome the adverse effects of these two mutually constrained relationships on imaging sharpness, the present invention also provides the following schemes to obtain optimal imaging sharpness.

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成实像；The light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transflective mirror and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，微结构的半径、像源像素点阵的点距以及实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，微结构的直径随着点距的增大而增大，并且光程也随着点距的增大而增大。The counter-reflecting element comprises a plurality of microstructures for opposite reflection, the radius of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the source pixel lattice, and the relationship between the optical path of the real image and the counter-reflecting element, the diameter of the microstructure is As the dot pitch increases, the optical path increases as the dot pitch increases.

优选地，该微结构的直径、该像源像素点阵的点距以及该实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，该微结构的直径与该点距成线性关系，而该光程与该点距的平方成线性关系。Preferably, the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice, and the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element is designed such that the diameter of the microstructure is linear with the dot pitch, and The optical path is linear with the square of the point distance.

优选地，该微结构的直径以及该实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，在该光程选定时，该微结构的面积设计成与像源发出光线的波长成反比。Preferably, the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure and the optical path of the real image to the counter-reflecting element is such that, when the optical path is selected, the area of the microstructure is designed to be inversely proportional to the wavelength at which the source emits light.

优选地，该微结构的直径和该像源像素点阵的点距之间的关系设计成，该微结构的直径小于等于该像源像素点阵的点距的一半。Preferably, the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure and the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is designed such that the diameter of the microstructure is less than or equal to half the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice.

优选地，预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离随着该实像到对向反射元件的光程的增大而增大。Preferably, the predetermined viewing angle of the real image observed by the user increases as the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element increases.

优选地，预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离随着该实像到对向反射元件的光程成线性关系。Preferably, the predetermined viewing angle of the real image observed by the user is linear with the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element.

优选地，该像源像素点阵的点距这样选择，使得其随着预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离的增大而增大。Preferably, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is selected such that it is observed with a preset user The observation distance of the real image increases as the observation distance increases.

优选地，该像源像素点阵的点距这样选择，使得其与预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离成正比。Preferably, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is selected such that it is proportional to the viewing distance of the real image observed by the preset user.

根据本发明的又一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的方法，其使用包括像源、透反镜和对向反射元件的***；该方法包括：In accordance with yet another broad aspect of the present invention, a method for imaging in the air is provided that uses a system including an image source, a transflector, and a retroreflective element; the method comprising:

使像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射之后照射到对向反射元件上；Having the light emitted by the image source be reflected by the transflector and then irradiated onto the opposite reflective element;

使光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，从而再透射过透反镜后形成实像；After the light is reflected on the opposite reflective element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and then transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

其中，该对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，该方法还包括，将微结构的半径、像源像素点阵的点距以及实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，使微结构的直径随着点距的增大而增大，并且光程也随着点距的增大而增大。Wherein, the opposite reflective element comprises a plurality of microstructures for opposite reflection, the method further comprising: between the radius of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the source pixel lattice, and the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflective element The relationship is designed such that the diameter of the microstructure increases as the dot pitch increases, and the optical path also increases as the dot pitch increases.

优选地，将该微结构的直径、该像源像素点阵的点距以及该实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，使该微结构的直径与该点距成线性关系，而该光程与该点距的平方成线性关系。Preferably, the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice, and the optical path of the real image to the counter-reflecting element is designed such that the diameter of the microstructure is linear with the dot pitch And the optical path is linear with the square of the point distance.

优选地，将该微结构的直径以及该实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，在该光程选定时，使该微结构的面积设计成与像源发出光线的波长成反比。Preferably, the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure and the optical path of the real image to the counter-reflecting element is designed such that when the optical path is selected, the area of the microstructure is designed to be inversely proportional to the wavelength of the source emitting light .

优选地，将该微结构的直径和该像源像素点阵的点距之间的关系设计成，使该微结构的直径小于等于该像源像素点阵的点距的一半。Preferably, the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure and the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is designed such that the diameter of the microstructure is less than or equal to half the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice.

优选地，使预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离随着该实像到对向反射元件的光程的增大而增大。Preferably, the viewing distance of the real image observed by the preset user is increased as the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element increases.

优选地，使预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离随着该实像到对向反射元件的光程成线性关系。Preferably, the viewing distance of the real image observed by the preset user is linear with the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element.

优选地，将该像源像素点阵的点距这样选择，使得其随着预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离的增大而增大。 Preferably, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is selected such that it increases as the viewing distance of the real image observed by the preset user observation increases.

优选地，将该像源像素点阵的点距这样选择，使得其与预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离成正比。Preferably, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is selected such that it is proportional to the viewing distance of the real image observed by the preset user.

根据本发明的另一个主要方面，提供一种搭建用于空中成像的***的方法，该***包括像源、透反镜和对向反射元件，该对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，该方法包括：In accordance with another broad aspect of the present invention, a method of constructing a system for aerial imaging is provided, the system comprising an image source, a transflective mirror and a counter-reflecting element comprising a plurality of counter-reflective elements Microstructure, the method includes:

使像源、透反镜和对向反射元件形成如下这样的光路：像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成实像；The image source, the transflective mirror and the counter-reflecting element are formed into an optical path such that the light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transflective mirror and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element, and the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element to reverse The direction is emitted along the original incident path, and is transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

确定用户观察所成实像的观察距离；Determining the viewing distance of the real image observed by the user;

基于观察距离确定该实像到对向反射元件的光程；其中该光程随该观察距离的增大而增大；Determining an optical path of the real image to the opposite reflective element based on the observed distance; wherein the optical path increases as the observed distance increases;

基于观察距离确定该像源像素点阵的点距；其中该点距随该观察距离的增大而增大；Determining a dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice based on the observation distance; wherein the dot pitch increases as the observation distance increases;

基于该点距确定该微结构的直径；其中该微结构的直径小于等于该像源像素点阵的点距的一半。The diameter of the microstructure is determined based on the pitch; wherein the diameter of the microstructure is less than or equal to half the pitch of the image source pixel lattice.

优选地，其中该光程与该观察距离成正比例，和/或该点距与该观察距离成正比例。Preferably, wherein the optical path is proportional to the viewing distance, and/or the point distance is proportional to the viewing distance.

光线偏移对光斑大小的影响不随成像距离变化，不过随着微结构的尺度而线性变化。因此可以用减小微结构单元的大小，例如超精细加工等办法来解决。而衍射造成的斑点大小是随着成像距离的变化而线性变化的，所以设法降低衍射所造成的光线发散是很关键的因素。The effect of light offset on spot size does not vary with imaging distance, but varies linearly with the scale of the microstructure. Therefore, it can be solved by reducing the size of the microstructure unit, such as ultra-fine processing. The size of the spot caused by diffraction changes linearly with the change of the imaging distance, so it is a key factor to try to reduce the divergence of light caused by diffraction.

在采取通常的直角三角锥结构作为对向反射单元时，入射光线在上表面发生折射，之后入射到对向反射单元的直角三角锥上发生发射，同时因为夫朗和费衍射的原因，以一定角度发散。之后在对向反射元件的上表面再一次发生折射，形成主轴与入射光线方向相反，但是带有少量位移和一定发散角的反射光线。When a normal right-angled triangular pyramid structure is used as a counter-reflecting unit, the incident ray is refracted on the upper surface, and then incident on the right-angled triangular cone of the opposite-reflecting unit, and at the same time, due to the influence of Fraunhofer diffraction, The angle is divergent. Then refraction occurs again on the upper surface of the counter-reflecting element, forming the main axis opposite to the incident ray, but with a small amount of displacement and a certain divergence angle The reflected light.

为了尽可能降低衍射所造成的光线发散对成像清晰度的不利影响，本发明还提供以下方案来以提高成像清晰度。In order to minimize the adverse effect of light divergence caused by diffraction on image sharpness, the present invention also provides the following scheme to improve image clarity.

根据本发明的一个主要方面，提供一种对向反射元件，包括透明基体以及附着在透明基体上的反射材料，其中，光线经透明基体入射，到达反射材料并在反射材料上形成反射后，又经透明基体以相反方向沿原入射路径出射；该对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，每个微结构都包括一个凸透镜单元和多个直角三角锥单元，该多个直角三角锥单元在入射路径上处于该凸透镜单元的下游，该反射材料在入射路径上处于该多个直角三角锥单元的下游，并且附着在该直角三角锥单元上；并且，该多个直角三角锥单元排列在该凸透镜单元的焦平面上。According to a main aspect of the present invention, there is provided a retroreflective element comprising a transparent substrate and a reflective material attached to the transparent substrate, wherein the light is incident through the transparent substrate, reaches the reflective material and forms a reflection on the reflective material, and The transparent substrate is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path; the opposite reflective element includes a plurality of microstructures for opposite reflection, each of the microstructures including a convex lens unit and a plurality of right angle triangular pyramid units, the plurality of right angle triangles a cone unit is located downstream of the convex lens unit on the incident path, the reflective material is downstream of the plurality of right angle triangular pyramid elements on the incident path, and attached to the right angle triangular pyramid unit; and the plurality of right angle triangular pyramid units Arranged on the focal plane of the convex lens unit.

根据本发明的另一个主要方面，提供一种对向反射元件，包括透明基体以及附着在透明基体上的反射材料，其中，光线经透明基体入射，到达反射材料并在反射材料上形成反射后，又经透明基体以相反方向沿原入射路径出射；该对向反射元件还包括凸透镜单元阵列和直角三角锥单元阵列，该直角三角锥单元阵列在入射路径上处于该凸透镜单元阵列的下游，该反射材料在入射路径上处于该直角三角锥单元阵列的下游，并且附着在该直角三角锥单元阵列上；每一个凸透镜单元都覆盖多个直角三角锥单元；并且，该多个直角三角锥单元排列在该凸透镜单元的焦平面上。According to another main aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reflective member comprising a transparent substrate and a reflective material attached to the transparent substrate, wherein the light is incident through the transparent substrate, reaches the reflective material and forms a reflection on the reflective material, And exiting through the transparent substrate in the opposite direction along the original incident path; the opposite reflective element further comprises an array of convex lens elements and an array of right-angled triangular pyramid elements, the array of right-angled triangular pyramid elements being located downstream of the array of convex lens elements on the incident path, the reflection The material is located downstream of the array of right-angled triangular pyramid elements on the incident path and attached to the array of right-angled triangular pyramid elements; each convex lens unit covers a plurality of right-angled triangular pyramid elements; and the plurality of right-angled triangular pyramid elements are arranged at The focal plane of the convex lens unit.

优选地，该凸透镜单元的表面上附着有增透材料，使得其表面透过率大于0.7、0.8或0.9。Preferably, the surface of the convex lens unit is adhered with an antireflective material such that its surface transmittance is greater than 0.7, 0.8 or 0.9.

优选地，该反射材料的反射率大于0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8或0.9。Preferably, the reflective material has a reflectance greater than 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 or 0.9.

优选地，该凸透镜单元的直径是该直角三角锥单元边长的约50倍。Preferably, the diameter of the convex lens unit is about 50 times the side length of the right angle triangular pyramid unit.

优选地，该凸透镜单元的直径小于等于1mm。Preferably, the convex lens unit has a diameter of 1 mm or less.

优选地，该直角三角锥单元边长小于等于0.02mm。Preferably, the right angle triangular pyramid unit has a side length of 0.02 mm or less.

根据本发明的又一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和前文该的对向反射元件；其中，像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成实像。According to still another main aspect of the present invention, a system for imaging in the air is provided, the package of which Including an image source, a transflector, and a counter-reflecting element as described above; wherein the light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transmissive mirror and irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element, and the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element The opposite direction exits along the original incident path and is transmitted through the transflector to form a real image.

根据本发明的再一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和前文该的对向反射元件；其中，像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成实像。According to still another main aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for imaging in the air, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, and the aforementioned counter-reflecting element; wherein the light emitted by the image source passes through the transflective mirror The light is transmitted to the opposite reflecting element, and the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element and then emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transmissive mirror to form a real image.

根据本发明的又一个主要方面，提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜、第一对向反射元件和第二对向反射元件；第一对向反射元件和第二对向反射元件都分别由前文该的对向反射元件形成；其中，像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到第一对向反射元件上，光线在第一对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成第一实像；而，另外，像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到第二对向反射元件上，光线在第二对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成第二实像。According to still another main aspect of the present invention, a system for imaging in the air is provided, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, a first counter-reflecting element, and a second counter-reflecting element; the first counter-reflecting element And the second opposite reflective element are respectively formed by the opposite reflective element; wherein the light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transmissive mirror and irradiated onto the first opposite reflective element, and the light is reflected in the first opposite direction After the reflection occurs on the component, the opposite direction is emitted along the original incident path, and the first real image is formed after being transmitted through the transflective mirror; and, in addition, the light emitted by the image source is transmitted through the transmissive mirror and irradiated onto the second opposite reflective element. After the light is reflected on the second opposite reflecting element, the light exits in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transmissive mirror to form a second real image.

根据本发明前述的空气中成像***，像源发出的光线需经历透反镜的一次反射及一次投射(不分先后顺序)，以及对向反射元件的反射然后才能成像，因此所成实像的亮度约等于像源光线亮度与透反镜的反射率、透射率、以及对向反射元件的反射光效的乘积。也即，最后显像亮度L的近似计算公式为：According to the aforementioned airborne imaging system of the present invention, the light emitted from the image source undergoes a primary reflection and a single projection of the transilluminator (in no particular order), and the reflection of the opposite reflecting element can then be imaged, thereby realizing the brightness of the real image. It is approximately equal to the product of the brightness of the source light and the reflectivity of the transilluminator, the transmittance, and the reflected light effect of the counter-reflecting element. That is, the approximate calculation formula of the final development brightness L is:

L＝L₀×T_g×R_g×ηL=L ₀ ×T _g ×R _g ×η

其中为L₀像源的亮度，Where is the brightness of the L ₀ image source,

T_g和R_g分别为透反镜的透射率和反射率，T _g and R _g are the transmittance and reflectance of the mirror, respectively.

η为对向反射元件的反射光效。η is the reflected light effect of the opposite reflecting element.

对于通常的透反镜，在不考虑基材对光能量的吸收的情况下，反射率与透射率之和应为100％，也即，存在如下的近似关系：For a typical transflectoscope, the reflectivity is not considered in consideration of the absorption of light energy by the substrate. The sum of the transmittances should be 100%, that is, there is an approximate relationship as follows:

T_g＝(1-R_g)T _g = (1-R _g )

则then

T_g×R_g＝(1-R_g)×R_g≤25％T _g ×R _g =(1-R _g )×R _g ≤25%

可以看出，透反镜的光效小于等于1/4，是比较低的。It can be seen that the light effect of the transflectoscope is less than or equal to 1/4, which is relatively low.

基于此，本发明还提出用于提高光效、增强显像亮度的技术以及相应的空气中成像装置。Based on this, the present invention also proposes a technique for improving light efficiency, enhancing development brightness, and a corresponding image forming apparatus in the air.

其中，所述像源使用s偏振光源；在所述透反镜朝向所述像源的一侧，镀有选透膜，所述选透膜设置成对s偏振光的反射率较高，而p偏振光的透射率较高；Wherein, the image source uses an s-polarized light source; on a side of the transflector facing the image source, a permselective film is plated, and the selective transmissive film is disposed to have a higher reflectance for s-polarized light, and The transmittance of p-polarized light is higher;

在所述对向反射元件朝向所述透反镜的一侧设有相位延迟光学元件，使得从所述透反镜射向所述对向反射元件的s偏振光源在经过所述相位延迟光学元件后，变为圆偏振光。Providing a phase retarding optical element on a side of the opposite reflecting element facing the transilluminating mirror such that an s-polarized light source that is directed from the transflector toward the counter-reflecting element passes through the phase retarding optical element After that, it becomes circularly polarized light.

优选地，所述选透膜的成分包括金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属氮氧化物镀膜和有机聚合物中的一种。Preferably, the composition of the permselective film comprises one of a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal oxynitride coating, and an organic polymer.

优选地，所述选透膜包括一个或多个膜层，每个膜层的成分都包括金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属氮氧化物镀膜、和有机聚合物中的一种。Preferably, the permselective membrane comprises one or more membrane layers, each of which comprises a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal oxynitride coating, and an organic polymer.

优选地，所述像源选用特定波段的s偏振光，而所述选透膜设置成对该特定波段的s偏振光的反射率较高，而对其他波段的s偏振光以及可见光波段内的p偏振光的透射率较高。Preferably, the image source selects s-polarized light of a specific wavelength band, and the selective permeable film is arranged to have a higher reflectance of the s-polarized light of the specific wavelength band, and s-polarized light of the other wavelength band and the visible light band The transmittance of p-polarized light is high.

优选地，所述选透膜对所述s偏振光的平均反射率大于70％、80％或90％。 Preferably, the average reflectance of the permeable lens to the s-polarized light is greater than 70%, 80% or 90%.

优选地，所述选透膜对所述p偏振光的平均透射率的大于70％、80％或90％。Preferably, the permeation film has an average transmittance of the p-polarized light of greater than 70%, 80% or 90%.

优选地，所述相位延迟光学元件是1/4波片。Preferably, the phase delay optical element is a quarter wave plate.

优选地，在所述透反镜的背向所述像源的一侧附有增透膜。Preferably, an anti-reflection coating is attached to a side of the transflector facing away from the image source.

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经透反镜反射后形成实像；The light emitted by the image source passes through the transmissive lens and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light exits in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transflective mirror to form a real image;

其中，所述像源使用p偏振光源；在所述透反镜朝向所述像源的一侧，镀有选透膜，所述选透膜设置成对s偏振光的反射率较高，而p偏振光的透射率较高；Wherein, the image source uses a p-polarized light source; on a side of the transflector facing the image source, a permselective film is plated, and the permselective film is disposed to have a higher reflectance for s-polarized light, and The transmittance of p-polarized light is higher;

在所述对向反射元件朝向所述透反镜的一侧设有相位延迟光学元件，使得从所述透反镜射向所述对向反射元件的p偏振光源在经过所述相位延迟光学元件后，变为圆偏振光。Providing a phase retarding optical element on a side of the opposite reflecting element facing the transilluminating mirror such that a p-polarized light source that is directed from the transflector toward the counter-reflecting element passes through the phase retarding optical element After that, it becomes circularly polarized light.

进一步研究可以发现，对向反射元件的反射光效除了与反射面的反射率有关外，还与入射到对向反射单元的光线角度、以及对向反射单元的形状结构等因素有关。Further research has found that the reflected light effect of the opposite reflecting element is related to the reflectance of the reflecting surface, the angle of the light incident on the opposite reflecting unit, and the shape and structure of the opposite reflecting unit.

定义与对向反射单元的三条棱角度均相等(约为54.7°)的直线为中心线，经研究发现，与中心线方向夹角越小的入射光线，其反射光效越高；反之，与中心线方向夹角越大的入射光线，其反射光效越低。A straight line defining an angle equal to the angle of the three ribs of the opposite reflecting unit (about 54.7°) is used as a center line. It has been found that the incident light with a smaller angle with the center line has a higher reflection light effect; The incident light with a larger angle in the center line direction has a lower reflection light effect.

基于对于显像亮度和显像清晰度的分析，为了提高空气中显像的亮度和清晰度，我们提出了如下的结构设计：将对向反射元件分割成若干小片，按一定规律离散地分布在透反镜的一侧。Based on the analysis of the development brightness and development resolution, in order to improve the brightness and sharpness of the image in the air, we propose the following structural design: the opposite reflection element is divided into several small pieces, which are discretely distributed according to a certain rule. One side of the mirror.

基于此，本发明还提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中Based on this, the present invention also provides a system for imaging in the air, which includes an image source and a transparent Mirror and counter-reflecting elements;

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在该对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过该透反镜后形成实像；The light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transflector, and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

其中，该对向反射元件由包括多个对向反射子元件的阵列形成；该对向反射子元件每个都包括基本为平面形状的基材，以及分布在基材上的大量带反射面的对向反射单元；该对向反射单元是直角顶点微结构，该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点，该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角；该直角顶点微结构的中心线与该基材平面的法线的夹角小于15度，其中该中心线与该直角顶点微结构三条棱所成角度均相等；Wherein the counter-reflecting element is formed by an array comprising a plurality of counter-reflecting sub-elements; each of the counter-reflecting sub-elements comprises a substantially planar shaped substrate, and a plurality of reflective surfaces distributed over the substrate a counter-reflecting unit; the opposite-reflecting unit is a right-angled vertex microstructure having at least one right-angled vertex, the three edges of the right-angled vertex being at right angles to each other; a center line of the right-angled vertex microstructure and the substrate plane The angle of the normal is less than 15 degrees, wherein the center line is equal to the angle formed by the three edges of the right-angle apex microstructure;

在该***的侧视图上看去，具有能够看到完整的该实像的完整实像视域，该完整实像视域具有交点为视域点的两条视域边界线；该阵列包括距离该透反镜距离较近的阵列第一端和距离该透反镜距离较远的阵列第二端；该视域边界线的反向延长线与该透反镜交于离该阵列第一端较近的透反镜第一点以及离该阵列第一端较远的透反镜第二点；该像源发出的光线具有位于该像源与该透反镜之间的有效照射区域，该有效照射区域包括第一边界线和第二边界线，其中该第一边界线为该透反镜第一点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最大的连线，而该第二边界线为该透反镜第二点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最小的连线；Viewed in a side view of the system, having a complete real image field of view of the complete real image, the full real image view having two view boundary lines with intersections as view points; the array including the distance a first end of the array having a relatively close mirror distance and a second end of the array farther from the transflector; an inverse extension of the boundary line of the viewing area and the transflective lens are closer to the first end of the array a first point of the transflector and a second point of the transilluminator farther from the first end of the array; the light emitted by the image source has an effective illumination area between the image source and the transflector, the effective illumination area The first boundary line and the second boundary line are included, wherein the first boundary line is a line connecting the first point of the transflector to each of the light-emitting points of the image source and having the largest angle with the transflective mirror, and The second boundary line is a line connecting the second point of the transflector to each of the light-emitting points of the image source and having the smallest angle with the transflective mirror;

并且，该对向反射子元件的阵列设置成，该对向反射子元件不遮挡该像源入射到该透反镜的光线，而形成该实像的所有光线的反向延长线都能够落在某一个对向反射子元件上。Moreover, the array of the opposite reflecting sub-element is disposed such that the opposite reflecting sub-element does not block the light incident on the transflective mirror image source, and the reverse extension line of all the rays forming the real image can fall on some A counter-reflecting sub-element.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第一边界线上或落在该有效照射区域之外，而每个子元件第二端都落在该有效照射区域之外。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the counter-reflecting sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the first boundary line or Falling outside of the effective illumination area, the second end of each sub-element falls outside of the effective illumination area.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第一边界线上，而该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该视域点的连线与该对向反射子元件上的该直角顶点微结构的中心线所成夹角小于15度。Preferably, as seen in a side view of the system, the counter-reflecting sub-elements include sub-components a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the first boundary line, and the geometric center of the opposite-reflecting sub-element is connected to the viewing-point point and the opposite-reflecting sub-element The center line of the right-angled vertex microstructure has an angle of less than 15 degrees.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第一边界线上，而该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该视域点的连线与该中心线夹角为0度。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the counter-reflecting sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the first boundary line, The line connecting the geometric center of the opposite reflecting sub-element to the viewing point is at an angle of 0 degrees to the center line.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，将该阵列的所有对向反射子元件按照离该透反镜第一点的距离由近至远排序，定义离该透反镜第一点的距离最近的对向反射子元件的位置为最前，离该透反镜第一点的距离最远的对向反射子元件的位置为最后，其中，相邻两个对向反射子元件中，前一个对向反射子元件的子元件第二端与后一个对向反射子元件的子元件第一端设置成，前者与该视域点的连线和该第一边界线的交点位于后者与该视域点的连线和该第一边界线的交点的后方，或者与其重叠。Preferably, as seen in a side view of the system, all of the opposed reflective sub-elements of the array are ordered from near to far in a distance from the first point of the transilluminator, defining a first point from the transflective mirror The position of the nearest counter-reflecting sub-element is the foremost, and the position of the opposite-reflecting sub-element farthest from the first point of the transflective mirror is the last, wherein the adjacent two opposite-reflecting sub-elements are a first end of the sub-element of the sub-element of the opposite-reflecting sub-element and the first end of the sub-parallel-reflecting sub-element are disposed such that the intersection of the former with the view point and the intersection of the first boundary line is located in the latter The line connecting the view point and the intersection of the first boundary line or overlapping the same.

优选地，该直角顶点微结构的中心线与该基材平面的法线的夹角为小于10度或小于5度。Preferably, the angle between the center line of the right angle vertex microstructure and the normal of the substrate plane is less than 10 degrees or less than 5 degrees.

优选地，该直角顶点微结构的中心线与该基材平面的法线的夹角为0度，且该直角顶点微结构三条棱的棱长相等。Preferably, the angle between the center line of the right-angle apex microstructure and the normal of the plane of the substrate is 0 degrees, and the ridge edges of the right-angle apex microstructure are equal in length.

另外，本发明还提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中In addition, the present invention also provides a system for imaging in the air, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的透射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在该对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，经该透反镜反射后形成实像；The light emitted by the image source passes through the transmissive lens and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and is reflected by the transflective mirror to form a real image;

其中，该对向反射元件由包括多个对向反射子元件的阵列形成；该对向反射子元件每个都包括基本为平面形状的基材，以及分布在基材上的大量带反射面的对向反射单元；该对向反射单元是直角顶点微结构，该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点，该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角；该直角顶点微结构的中心线与该基材的平面的法线的夹角小于15度，其中该中心线与该直角顶点微结构三条棱所成角度均相等；Wherein the counter-reflecting element is formed by an array comprising a plurality of counter-reflecting sub-elements; each of the counter-reflecting sub-elements comprises a substantially planar shaped substrate, and a plurality of reflective surfaces distributed over the substrate a counter-reflecting unit; the opposite-reflecting unit is a right-angled vertex microstructure having at least one right-angled vertex, the three edges of the right-angled vertex being at right angles; the right-angled vertex micro-junction The angle between the center line of the structure and the normal of the plane of the substrate is less than 15 degrees, wherein the center line is equal to the angle formed by the three edges of the right angle apex microstructure;

在该***的侧视图上看去，具有能够看到完整的该实像的完整实像视域，该完整实像视域具有交点为视域点的两条视域边界线；该阵列包括距离该透反镜距离较近的阵列第一端和距离该透反镜距离较远的阵列第二端；该视域边界线的反向延长线与该透反镜交于离该阵列第一端较近的透反镜第一点以及离该阵列第一端较远的透反镜第二点；该像源发出的光线具有位于该像源与该透反镜之间的有效照射区域，该有效照射区域包括第一边界线和第二边界线，其中该第一边界线为该透反镜第一点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最大的连线，而该第二边界线为该透反镜第二点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最小的连线；定义第三边界线为与该第一边界线关于该透反镜镜像对称的线，并且定义有效成像区域为与该有效照射区域关于该透反镜镜像对称的区域，又定义虚拟视域点为与该视域点关于该透反镜镜像对称的点；Viewed in a side view of the system, having a complete real image field of view of the complete real image, the full real image view having two view boundary lines with intersections as view points; the array including the distance a first end of the array having a relatively close mirror distance and a second end of the array farther from the transflector; an inverse extension of the boundary line of the viewing area and the transflective lens are closer to the first end of the array a first point of the transflector and a second point of the transilluminator farther from the first end of the array; the light emitted by the image source has an effective illumination area between the image source and the transflector, the effective illumination area The first boundary line and the second boundary line are included, wherein the first boundary line is a line connecting the first point of the transflector to each of the light-emitting points of the image source and having the largest angle with the transflective mirror, and The second boundary line is a line connecting the second point of the transflector to each of the light-emitting points of the image source and having the smallest angle with the transflectoscope; defining a third boundary line is related to the first boundary line The transilluminator mirrors the symmetrical line and defines an effective imaging area for the effective illumination area Mirror-symmetrical mirror region, and defining a virtual point of sight point of the viewing zone about the point of mirror symmetry of the mirror lens;

并且，该对向反射子元件的阵列设置成，该对向反射子元件不遮挡该透反镜射向该实像的光线，而该透反镜射向该实像的光线在该透反镜上的入射光线的反向延长线都能够落在某一个对向反射子元件上。Moreover, the array of the opposite reflecting sub-element is disposed such that the opposite reflecting sub-element does not block the light of the transflective lens that is directed toward the real image, and the light of the transflective lens that is directed toward the real image is on the transflective mirror The inverse extension of the incident ray can fall on a certain counter-reflecting sub-element.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第三边界线上或落在该有效成像区域之外，而每个子元件第二端都落在该有效成像区域之外。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the counter-reflecting sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the third boundary line or Falling outside of the effective imaging area, the second end of each sub-element falls outside of the effective imaging area.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第三边界线上，而该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该虚拟视域点的连线与该中心线所成夹角小于15度。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the counter-reflecting sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the third boundary line, The line connecting the geometric center of the opposite reflecting sub-element to the virtual viewing point is at an angle of less than 15 degrees with the center line.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第三边界线上，而该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该虚拟视域点的连线与该中心线夹角为0°。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the counter-reflecting sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the third boundary line, And The line connecting the geometric center of the opposite reflecting sub-element to the virtual viewing point is at an angle of 0° to the center line.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，将该阵列的所有对向反射子元件按照离该透反镜第一点的距离由近至远排序，定义离该透反镜第一点的距离最近的对向反射子元件的位置为最前，离该透反镜第一点的距离最远的对向反射子元件的位置为最后，其中，相邻两个对向反射子元件中，前一个对向反射子元件的子元件第二端与后一个对向反射子元件的子元件第一端设置成，前者与该虚拟视域点的连线和该第三边界线的交点位于后者与该虚拟视域点的连线和该第三边界线的交点的后方，或者与其重叠。Preferably, as seen in a side view of the system, all of the opposed reflective sub-elements of the array are ordered from near to far in a distance from the first point of the transilluminator, defining a first point from the transflective mirror The position of the nearest counter-reflecting sub-element is the foremost, and the position of the opposite-reflecting sub-element farthest from the first point of the transflective mirror is the last, wherein the adjacent two opposite-reflecting sub-elements are a first end of the sub-element of the sub-element of the opposite-reflecting sub-element and a first end of the sub-element of the next counter-reflecting sub-element, wherein the intersection of the former with the virtual view point and the intersection of the third boundary line is located in the latter Behind or at the intersection of the line connecting the virtual view point and the third boundary line.

本发明又提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中The present invention further provides a system for imaging in the air, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

在该***的侧视图上看去，具有能够看到完整的该实像的完整实像视域，该完整实像视域具有交点为视域点的两条视域边界线；各该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该视域点的连线与该对向反射子元件上的该直角顶点微结构的中心线所成夹角都小于15度。Viewed in a side view of the system, having a complete real image field of view of the complete real image, the full real image view having two view boundary lines with intersections as view points; each of the opposite reflective subelements The line connecting the geometric center to the view point and the center line of the right-angled vertex microstructure on the opposite-reflecting sub-element are less than 15 degrees.

优选地，各该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该视域点的连线与该中心线夹角都为0度。 Preferably, the line connecting the geometric center of each of the opposite reflecting sub-elements and the viewing point is at an angle of 0 degrees with the center line.

优选地，该对向反射子元件的阵列设置成，该对向反射子元件不遮挡该像源入射到该透反镜的光线，并且/或者形成该实像的所有光线的反向延长线都能够落在某一个对向反射子元件上。Preferably, the array of opposed reflective sub-elements is arranged such that the opposite reflective sub-element does not obscure the light incident on the transflective mirror image source, and/or the inverse extension of all rays forming the real image can It falls on a certain counter-reflecting sub-element.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该阵列包括距离该透反镜距离较近的阵列第一端和距离该透反镜距离较远的阵列第二端；该视域边界线的反向延长线与该透反镜交于离该阵列第一端较近的透反镜第一点以及离该阵列第一端较远的透反镜第二点；该像源发出的光线具有位于该像源与该透反镜之间的有效照射区域，该有效照射区域包括第一边界线和第二边界线，其中该第一边界线为该透反镜第一点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最大的连线，而该第二边界线为该透反镜第二点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最小的连线；该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第一边界线上或落在该有效照射区域之外，而每个子元件第二端都落在该有效照射区域之外。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the array includes a first end of the array that is closer to the transilluminator and a second end of the array that is further away from the transflector; the boundary of the field of view The reverse extension line intersects the transflector with a first point of the transilluminator that is closer to the first end of the array and a second point of the transilluminator that is farther from the first end of the array; the light emitted by the image source has An effective illumination area between the image source and the transflector, the effective illumination area comprising a first boundary line and a second boundary line, wherein the first boundary line is the first point of the transflectoscope to the image source a line connecting each of the light-emitting points with a maximum angle with the transflector, and the second boundary line is a line connecting the second point of the transflector to each of the light-emitting points of the image source and the transmissive mirror a minimum angle of the connection; the opposite reflection sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; wherein the first end of each sub-element falls on the first boundary line or falls on the effective illumination area In addition, the second end of each sub-element falls outside the effective illumination area.

本发明还提供一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中 The present invention also provides a system for imaging in the air, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

其中，该对向反射元件由包括多个对向反射子元件的阵列形成；该对向反射子元件每个都包括基本为平面形状的基材，以及分布在基材上的大量带反射面的对向反射单元；该对向反射单元是直角顶点微结构，该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点，该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角；该直角顶点微结构的中心线与该基材的平面的法线的夹角小于15度，其中该中心线与该直角顶点微结构三条棱所成角度均相等；Wherein the counter-reflecting element is formed by an array comprising a plurality of counter-reflecting sub-elements; each of the counter-reflecting sub-elements comprises a substantially planar shaped substrate, and a plurality of reflective surfaces distributed over the substrate a counter-reflecting unit; the opposite-reflecting unit is a right-angled vertex microstructure having at least one right-angled vertex, the three edges of the right-angled vertex being at right angles; the center line of the right-angled vertex microstructure and the substrate The angle of the normal of the plane is less than 15 degrees, wherein the center line is equal to the angle formed by the three edges of the right angle apex microstructure;

在该***的侧视图上看去，具有能够看到完整的该实像的完整实像视域，该完整实像视域具有交点为视域点的两条视域边界线；定义虚拟视域点为与该视域点关于该透反镜镜像对称的点，而各该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该虚拟视域点的连线与该中心线所成夹角都小于15度。Viewed in a side view of the system, with a complete real image field of view that can see the complete real image, the full real image view has two view boundary lines with intersection points as view points; defining virtual view points as The viewing point is symmetric about the mirror image, and the line connecting the geometric center of the opposite reflecting sub-element and the virtual viewing point to the center line is less than 15 degrees.

优选地，各该对向反射子元件的几何中心与该虚拟视域点的连线与该中心线夹角都为0°。Preferably, the line connecting the geometric center of each of the opposite reflecting sub-elements and the virtual viewing point is at an angle of 0° to the center line.

优选地，该对向反射子元件的阵列设置成，该对向反射子元件不遮挡该透反镜射向该实像的光线，并且/或者，该透反镜射向该实像的光线在该透反镜上的入射光线的反向延长线都能够落在某一个对向反射子元件上。Preferably, the array of oppositely reflecting sub-elements is arranged such that the opposite reflecting sub-element does not block the light of the transflective lens that is directed toward the real image, and/or the light that the transflective lens is directed at the real image is The inverse extension of the incident ray on the mirror can fall on a certain counter-reflecting sub-element.

优选地，在该***的侧视图上看去，该阵列包括距离该透反镜距离较近的阵列第一端和距离该透反镜距离较远的阵列第二端；该视域边界线的反向延长线与该透反镜交于离该阵列第一端较近的透反镜第一点以及离该阵列第一端较远的透反镜第二点；该像源发出的光线具有位于该像源与该透反镜之间的有效照射区域，该有效照射区域包括第一边界线和第二边界线，其中该第一边界线为该透反镜第一点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最大的连线，而该第二边界线为该透反镜第二点到该像源的各发光点的连线中与该透反镜夹角最小的连线；定义第三边界线为与该第一边界线关于该透反镜镜像对称的线，并且定义有效成像区域为与该有效照射区域关于该透反镜镜像对称的区域；该对向反射子元件都包括子元件第一端和子元件第二端；其中，每个子元件第一端都落在该第三边界线上或落在该有效成像区域之外，而每个子元件第二端都落在该有效成像区域之外。Preferably, viewed in a side view of the system, the array includes a first end of the array that is closer to the transilluminator and a second end of the array that is further away from the transflector; the boundary of the field of view The reverse extension line intersects the transflector with a first point of the transilluminator that is closer to the first end of the array and a second point of the transilluminator that is farther from the first end of the array; the light emitted by the image source has An effective illumination area between the image source and the transflector, the effective illumination area comprising a first boundary line and a second boundary line, wherein the first boundary line is the first point of the transflectoscope to the image source a line connecting each of the light-emitting points with a maximum angle with the transflector, and the second boundary line is a line connecting the second point of the transflector to each of the light-emitting points of the image source and the transmissive mirror The line with the smallest angle; the third boundary line is defined as the first boundary line The transilluminator mirrors the symmetrical line and defines an effective imaging area that is symmetrical with respect to the effective illumination area with respect to the mirror; the opposed reflective sub-element includes a first end of the sub-element and a second end of the sub-element; The first end of each sub-element falls on the third boundary line or falls outside the effective imaging area, and the second end of each sub-element falls outside the effective imaging area.

由于采用离散式的排布方式，有利于针对各对向反射子元件减小入射光线与对向反射单元中心线的夹角；夹角越小，则成像亮度越高。不仅如此，还有利于缩短各对向反射子元件到实像的光程；而光程越短，则成像清晰度越高。Due to the discrete arrangement, it is advantageous to reduce the angle between the incident light and the center line of the opposite reflection unit for each of the opposite reflection sub-elements; the smaller the angle, the higher the imaging brightness. Not only that, but also to shorten the optical path of each opposite reflecting sub-element to the real image; and the shorter the optical path, the higher the imaging resolution.

应当理解，以上虽然在各主要方面之下分别记载了多个优选特征，但是这些优选特征并非只能用于该主要方面，而是在合适的情况下可以也用于其他主要方面；除了有特别说明的情形外，这些特征都可以单独地或者相结合地使用。It should be understood that although a plurality of preferred features are separately described above in each of the main aspects, these preferred features are not intended to be used only in the main aspects, but may be used in other principal aspects as appropriate; In addition to the illustrated cases, these features can be used individually or in combination.

本发明的开创性的使用例如对向反射膜和透反镜面的组合，将虚像变成实像，从而实现空中的成像。本发明的优点在于：不需要借助任何介质(例如屏幕，含有微小颗粒的气体或液体等)，可以直接在空气，甚至真空中中呈现影像；也不需要借助头盔，眼镜等其他辅助设备，可以多人同时观看影像；另外，图像是漂浮在空中的，可以直接用手触摸，因此可以延伸出非常多的交互应用。 The pioneering use of the present invention, for example, the combination of a retroreflective film and a transflective surface, transforms the virtual image into a real image, thereby enabling imaging in the air. The invention has the advantages that the image can be directly presented in the air or even in the vacuum without using any medium (such as a screen, a gas or a liquid containing fine particles, etc.), and other auxiliary equipment such as a helmet and glasses can be used. Many people watch the image at the same time; in addition, the image is floating in the air and can be touched directly by hand, so it can extend a lot of interactive applications.

附图说明DRAWINGS

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅描述本发明的一部分实施例。这些附图对于本发明来说并不是限制性的，而是起示例性的作用。其中，In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description merely describe some embodiments of the invention. These drawings are not intended to be limiting of the invention, but are exemplary. among them,

图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的成像***；Figure 1 shows schematically an imaging system according to an embodiment of the invention;

图2示意性地显示了根据本发明的另一个实施形式的成像***；Figure 2 shows schematically an imaging system according to another embodiment of the invention;

图3示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的对向反射元件；Figure 3 shows schematically a counter-reflecting element according to an embodiment of the invention;

图4示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的对向反射元件的微结构及对向反射路径示意图；4 is a schematic view showing a microstructure and a counter-reflection path of a counter-reflecting element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图5示意性地显示了根据本发明的另一个实施形式的对向反射元件；Figure 5 shows schematically a counter-reflecting element according to another embodiment of the invention;

图6A、6B和6C示意性地显示了根据本发明的另一个实施形式的对向反射元件的微结构及对向反射路径示意图；6A, 6B and 6C schematically show schematic views of a microstructure and a counter-reflection path of a counter-reflecting element according to another embodiment of the present invention;

图7示意性地显示了根据本发明的又一个实施形式的对向反射元件；Figure 7 shows schematically a counter-reflecting element according to a further embodiment of the invention;

图8示意性地显示了根据本发明的又一个实施形式的对向反射元件的微结构及对向反射路径示意图；Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the microstructure and the opposite reflection path of the opposite reflecting element according to still another embodiment of the present invention;

图9以顶视图的方式示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的对向反射元件的微结构的分布；Figure 9 is a top view schematically showing the distribution of the microstructure of a counter-reflecting element according to an embodiment of the invention;

图10显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的采取直角三角锥结构作为对向反射单元时的光路示意图；FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing an optical path when a right-angled triangular pyramid structure is adopted as a counter-reflecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

图11则显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的结合直角三角锥结构与凸透镜结构作为对向反射单元时的光路示意图；11 is a schematic view showing an optical path when a right-angled triangular pyramid structure and a convex lens structure are combined as a counter-reflecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图12示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的用于提高显像亮度的成像***；Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of an imaging system for increasing the brightness of a display in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

图13示意性地显示了根据本发明的另一个实施形式的用于提高显像亮度的成像***；Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a display for improving illumination in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Degree imaging system;

图14a和图14b示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的用于提高显像亮度和清晰度的成像***；以及14a and 14b schematically illustrate an imaging system for improving development brightness and sharpness in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

图15a和图15b示意性地显示了根据本发明的另一个实施形式的用于提高显像亮度和清晰度的成像***。Figures 15a and 15b schematically illustrate an imaging system for improving development brightness and sharpness in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述。In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

为了描述上的简洁和直观，下文通过描述若干代表性的实施方式来对本发明的方案进行阐述。实施方式中大量的细节仅用于帮助理解本发明的方案。但是很明显，本发明的技术方案实现时可以不局限于这些细节。为了避免不必要地模糊了本发明的方案，一些实施方式没有进行细致地描述，而是仅给出了框架。下文中，“包括”是指“包括但不限于”，“根据……”是指“至少根据……，但不限于仅根据……”。“第一”、“第二”等仅用于对特征的指代，而并不意图对该特征进行任何限制、例如顺序上的限制。由于汉语的语言习惯，下文中没有特别指出一个成分的数量时，意味着该成分可以是一个也可以是多个，或可理解为至少一个。For the sake of brevity and clarity of the description, the aspects of the present invention are set forth below by describing several representative embodiments. Numerous details in the embodiments are merely provided to aid in understanding the aspects of the invention. However, it is obvious that the technical solution of the present invention can be implemented without being limited to these details. In order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present invention, some embodiments are not described in detail, but only the framework is given. Hereinafter, "including" means "including but not limited to", and "according to" means "at least according to ..., but not limited to only based on". "First", "second", etc. are used merely to refer to a feature, and are not intended to impose any limitation on the feature, such as a limitation in the order. Due to the language habit of Chinese, the number of one component is not specifically indicated below, which means that the component may be one or more, or may be understood as at least one.

图1显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的成像***。如图所示，该***包括像源1、透反镜2和对向反射元件3；透反镜2所处的平面将空间分为第一半区I和第二半区II，像源1和对向反射元件3都处在第一半区I中。Figure 1 shows an imaging system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the system includes an image source 1, a transflective mirror 2 and a counter-reflecting element 3; the plane in which the transflective mirror 2 is located divides the space into a first half zone I and a second half zone II, like source 1 Both the opposing reflective elements 3 are in the first half I.

其中，像源1发出的光线经过透反镜2的反射，照射到对向反射元件3上，光线在对向反射元件3上发生对向反射，使得对向反射元件3上的反射光线与入射光线处于同一条路径上，只是方向相反。因此，光线经对向反射元件3反射后沿原入射路径出射(当然，从微观上观察，可以认为反射路径和入射路径略有偏移；然而，从宏观上观察，可以认为两条路径是完全重合的)，再经透反镜透射后，在第二半区II形成实像4。Wherein, the light emitted by the image source 1 is reflected by the transflective lens 2, and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element 3, and the light is oppositely reflected on the opposite reflecting element 3, so that the reflected light and the incident light on the opposite reflecting element 3 are incident. The light is on the same path, but in the opposite direction. Therefore, the light is reflected by the opposite reflecting element 3 and then exits along the original incident path (of course, from the microscopic observation, the reflected path and the incident path can be considered to be slightly offset; however, from a macroscopic point of view, the two paths can be considered complete. Coincidence After passing through the transflective lens, a real image 4 is formed in the second half zone II.

像源1既可以是显示成像设备，也可以是由这些显示成像设备所形成的虚像或者实像。The image source 1 can be either a display imaging device or a virtual image or a real image formed by these display imaging devices.

例如，显示成像设备可以是液晶屏幕，液晶屏幕的背光光源包括激光、发光二极管、有机发光二极管、受激荧光发光材料、量子点激发光源中的一种或多种；显示成像设备也可以是由LED、OLED、等离子发光点等发光点光源组成的主动发光的点阵屏幕；显示成像设备也可以是基于例如DLP，LCOS，LCD等投影技术，由LED、OLED、激光、荧光等光源或其组合驱动，经DMD，LCOS，LCD等显示面板反射或透射，再经投影镜头投射在投影屏幕上成像的投影成像***；显示成像设备还可以是激光束在屏幕上扫描成像的投影成像***。并且，以上所述的所有显示成像设备，经由一次或多次折射或反射所成的实像或虚像也都可作为像源。For example, the display imaging device may be a liquid crystal screen, and the backlight source of the liquid crystal screen includes one or more of a laser, a light emitting diode, an organic light emitting diode, an excited fluorescent luminescent material, and a quantum dot excitation light source; the display imaging device may also be Active illuminating dot matrix screen composed of LED, OLED, plasma illuminating point, etc.; display imaging device can also be based on projection technologies such as DLP, LCOS, LCD, etc., by LED, OLED, laser, fluorescent, etc., or a combination thereof A projection imaging system that is driven to reflect or transmit through a display panel such as a DMD, LCOS, LCD, etc., and then projected on a projection screen by a projection lens; the display imaging device may also be a projection imaging system in which a laser beam is scanned on the screen. Moreover, all of the display imaging devices described above can also be used as image sources by real or virtual images formed by one or more refractions or reflections.

优选的实施形式中下，像源1可以是立体像源。立体像源包括可以显示3D立体的图像、结构和视频源的三维立体显示设备。这种三维立体显示设备通常包括控制模组与高速投影模组或高速显示模组，由控制模组控制投影模组或显示模组将一系列的2D图像切片高速的投影或显示到多个光学平面上，以使得观察者观察到三维立体的图像、结构或视频。三维立体显示设备包括平移扫描成像***，旋转扫描成像***等。In a preferred embodiment, the image source 1 may be a stereo image source. The stereo image source includes a three-dimensional stereoscopic display device that can display 3D stereoscopic images, structures, and video sources. The three-dimensional display device generally includes a control module and a high-speed projection module or a high-speed display module. The control module controls the projection module or the display module to project or display a series of 2D image slices to multiple opticals at high speed. In the plane, the observer observes a three-dimensional image, structure or video. The three-dimensional stereoscopic display device includes a panning scanning imaging system, a rotating scanning imaging system, and the like.

透反镜可以是由各种合适的透明材料制成的，如PC树脂、PET树脂、PMMA树脂、玻璃、石英等。其透射率在20％-80％之间；优选地，约为50％。其反射率也在20％-80％之间；优选地，也约为50％。The transflective mirror can be made of various suitable transparent materials such as PC resin, PET resin, PMMA resin, glass, quartz, and the like. Its transmittance is between 20% and 80%; preferably, about 50%. Its reflectance is also between 20% and 80%; preferably, it is also about 50%.

对向反射元件3优选地是分布有微结构的薄膜、幕布、板材或树脂，其最好具有一定弧度，朝向透反镜的弯曲，这样可以增加成像的亮度。下文中将详细介绍对向反射元件3。The counter-reflecting element 3 is preferably a microstructured film, curtain, sheet or resin which preferably has a curvature that is curved towards the transmissive mirror to increase the brightness of the image. The opposite reflecting element 3 will be described in detail below.

参见图2，在本发明的另一个实施形式中，***包括像源1、透反镜2和对向反射元件3；透反镜2所处的平面将空间分为第一半区I和第二半区 II，像源1处在第一半区I中，而对向反射元件3处在第二半区II中。Referring to FIG. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, the system includes an image source 1, a transflective mirror 2 and a counter-reflecting element 3; the plane in which the transflective mirror 2 is located divides the space into a first half zone I and a Second half II, the image source 1 is in the first half I, and the opposite reflective element 3 is in the second half II.

其中，像源1发出的光线经过透反镜2的透射，照射到对向反射元件3上，光线在对向反射元件3上发生对向反射，使得对向反射元件3上的反射光线与入射光线处于同一条路径上，只是方向不同。因此，光线经对向反射元件3反射后后沿原入射路径出射，再经透反镜反射后，在第二半区II形成实像4。Wherein, the light emitted by the source 1 passes through the transmissive mirror 2, and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element 3, and the light is oppositely reflected on the opposite reflecting element 3, so that the reflected light and the incident on the opposite reflecting element 3 are incident. The light is on the same path, but in a different direction. Therefore, the light is reflected by the opposite reflecting element 3 and then exits along the original incident path, and after being reflected by the transflector, a real image 4 is formed in the second half area II.

当然，需要理解，由于光具有波粒二象性，光线从对向反射元件3反射时，会存在一定的衍射效应，反射光会产生一定的发散角；在这个角度理解时，只要反射光的主轴与入射光方向相反，也是满足本发明中“对向反射”的含义的。Of course, it should be understood that since light has wave-particle duality, when light is reflected from the opposite reflecting element 3, there will be a certain diffraction effect, and the reflected light will have a certain divergence angle; at this angle, as long as the light is reflected The direction of the main axis opposite to the incident light also satisfies the meaning of "opposing reflection" in the present invention.

在这个实施形式中，像源1发出的光线经透反镜2的透射(而非经过反射)后到达对向反射元件3。而经对向反射元件3反射的光线再经由透反镜2反射(而非透射)后，生成实像4。最后所成的实像4和对向反射元件3位于同一半区，而非不同的半区。In this embodiment, the light emitted by the source 1 passes through the transmissive mirror 2 (rather than being reflected) and reaches the counter-reflecting element 3. The light reflected by the opposite reflecting element 3 is reflected (not transmitted) through the transmissive mirror 2, and a real image 4 is generated. The resulting real image 4 and the counter-reflecting element 3 are located in the same half zone, rather than in different half zones.

在本发明的又一个实施形式中(未示出)，将上述两个实施形式结合，采用两个对向反射元件，使像源发出的光线经透反镜的反射后到达其中一个对向反射元件，而经对向反射元件反射的光线再经由透反镜透射后，生成实像；像源发出的光线经透反镜的透射后到达另一个对向反射元件，而经该另一个对向反射元件反射的光线再经由透反镜反射后，生成实像。这使得所生成的两个实像重叠在一起，这样得到亮度更强的成像。In a further embodiment of the invention (not shown), the two embodiments are combined, using two counter-reflecting elements such that the light from the image source is reflected by the transilluminator to reach one of the counter-reflections. An element, and the light reflected by the opposite reflecting element is transmitted through the transmissive mirror to generate a real image; the light emitted by the image source is transmitted through the transflector to the other opposite reflecting element, and the other opposite reflecting The light reflected by the element is reflected by the transmissive mirror to generate a real image. This causes the two real images generated to overlap, resulting in a more intense image.

当然，应当明白，在其他实施方式中，附加地或者替代地，可以使用两个像源。这时需要调整这两个像源与透反镜和对向反射元件的位置，使得其最后所成的实像在空间中重叠在一起。Of course, it should be understood that in other embodiments, two image sources may additionally or alternatively be used. At this time, it is necessary to adjust the positions of the two image sources and the transflective and the opposite reflecting elements so that the final real images are overlapped in space.

本发明中的对向反射元件是经特殊处理的元件，它包括例如涂有高反射涂层的基材，以及例如均匀地分布在基材上的对向反射微结构。该高反射涂层的反射率达60％以上，优选地，达70％、80％或90％以上。应当明白，该高反射涂层也可以是以其他方式附着在基材上的，例如镀膜。The counter-reflective elements of the present invention are specially treated elements comprising, for example, a substrate coated with a highly reflective coating, and, for example, a counter-reflecting microstructure uniformly distributed over the substrate. The highly reflective coating has a reflectance of more than 60%, preferably up to 70%, 80% or more. It should be understood that The highly reflective coating can also be attached to the substrate in other ways, such as a coating.

当然，该高反射涂层可以例如附在微结构朝向基材的面上，或是附在微结构与基材交界的区域上。Of course, the highly reflective coating can be attached, for example, to the face of the microstructure facing the substrate or to the area where the microstructure interfaces with the substrate.

应当理解，对向反射微结构在基材上的分布也可以是不均匀的，均匀的分布会有更好的成像效果；不过一些刻意布置的不均匀分布可以用于特殊的成像目的。It should be understood that the distribution of the counter-reflecting microstructures on the substrate may also be non-uniform, with a uniform distribution having a better imaging effect; however, some deliberately arranged uneven distribution may be used for special imaging purposes.

参见图3，其中显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的对向反射元件。该对向反射元件3包括作为基材30的薄膜或幕布。基材30上涂有高反射涂层。另外，在基材30上还均匀地分布有球状微结构31。Referring to Figure 3, there is shown a counter-reflecting element in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The counter-reflecting element 3 comprises a film or curtain as the substrate 30. The substrate 30 is coated with a highly reflective coating. Further, spherical microstructures 31 are uniformly distributed on the substrate 30.

参见图4，其中显示了球状微结构的放大图及对向反射路径的示意图。Referring to Figure 4, there is shown a magnified view of the spherical microstructure and a schematic representation of the counter-reflecting path.

光线从透反镜经球状微结构31的上表面折射后射向基材30的高反射涂层，经反射后，射回球状微结构31的上表面，再次折射，射向透反镜。球状微结构31的结构使得光线能够几乎经由原路返回透反镜(如前所述，在宏观环境下观察，可以认为光线就是沿原路返回)。The light is refracted from the transflector through the upper surface of the spherical microstructure 31 and is then directed toward the highly reflective coating of the substrate 30. After being reflected, it is reflected back to the upper surface of the spherical microstructure 31, and is again refracted and directed toward the transflective mirror. The structure of the spherical microstructure 31 allows light to be returned to the transflective mirror almost through the original path (as previously described, in the macroscopic environment, it can be considered that the light is returned along the original path).

参见图5，其中显示了根据本发明的另一个实施形式的对向反射元件。该对向反射元件3的基材30上还均匀地分布有直角顶点微结构31’。直角顶点微结构31’可以是嵌入在基材30上的、透明的、带至少一个顶点且该顶点的三条棱互成直角的微结构体，例如微立方体或是微长方体，或者是它们的含至少一个顶点的一部分，当然，该至少一个顶点是嵌入在基材30中的(参见图6A)。在一些实施方式中，直角顶点微结构31’是三条棱互成直角的微三角椎体，其顶点嵌入在基材30中(参见图6B)；优选地，顶点所对的底面与基材30平齐；更优选地，在该底面上还附有增透膜。在更加优选地实施形式中，三条棱所形成的三个面中至少有一个面与该底面面的夹角小于54度。Referring to Figure 5, there is shown a counter-reflecting element in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. A right-angled vertex microstructure 31' is evenly distributed on the substrate 30 of the counter-reflecting element 3. The right-angled vertex microstructure 31' may be a transparent microstructure having at least one vertex and having three vertices at right angles, such as microcubes or microcubes, embedded in the substrate 30, or A portion of at least one vertex, of course, the at least one vertex is embedded in the substrate 30 (see Figure 6A). In some embodiments, the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' is a micro-triangular vertebral body having three vertices at right angles, the apex of which is embedded in the substrate 30 (see FIG. 6B); preferably, the bottom surface of the apex is opposite to the substrate 30. More preferably, an anti-reflection film is attached to the bottom surface. In a more preferred embodiment, at least one of the three faces formed by the three ribs has an angle of less than 54 degrees with the bottom face.

应当理解，这三条棱可以是等长的，当然也可以是不等长的。棱的长度可以在20微米～5毫米之间选择。优选地，三条棱中，最长的棱长度不超过最短的棱长度的10倍。It should be understood that the three ribs may be of equal length, and of course may be unequal lengths. The length of the ribs can be selected between 20 microns and 5 mm. Preferably, among the three ribs, the longest rib length is not exceeded 10 times the length of the shortest rib.

还应当理解，三条棱所形成的三个面也应该是互相垂直的，也即三个面两两之间的二面角大小应为90度，不过由于工艺的制约，即使这些二面角大小不是精确的90度，而是在加工允许的误差范围内，例如+-2分，也是可以满足本发明的要求的。It should also be understood that the three faces formed by the three ribs should also be perpendicular to each other, that is, the dihedral angle between the three faces should be 90 degrees, but due to the constraints of the process, even these dihedral angles Not exactly 90 degrees, but within the tolerances allowed by the process, such as +-2 points, can also meet the requirements of the present invention.

在另一个实施形式中，该直角顶点微结构31’可以是由上述微结构体的一个顶点的一部分压印在基材30上而形成的凹陷部(参见图6C)。In another embodiment, the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' may be a depressed portion formed by imprinting a portion of one vertex of the microstructure described above on the substrate 30 (see Fig. 6C).

图6A、6B和6C显示了图5中的直角顶点微结构的放大图及对向反射路径的示意图。在图6A和6B所示的实施形式中，直角顶点微结构31’是透明的微结构体。光线从透反镜经直角顶点微结构31’的入射表面(例如上表面)折射后射向薄膜或幕布30的高反射涂层，经三次反射后，射回直角顶点微结构31’的出射表面(例如上表面)，再次折射，射向透反镜。在图6C所示的实施形式中，直角顶点微结构31’为凹陷部，光线在通过透反镜透射或反射后，直接入射到凹陷部上，经三次反射后，射向透反镜。直角顶点微结构31’的结构使得光线能够几乎经由原路返回透反镜(同样，在宏观环境下观察，可以认为光线就是沿原路返回)。6A, 6B and 6C show an enlarged view of the right-angled vertex microstructure of Fig. 5 and a schematic diagram of the opposite reflection path. In the embodiment shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the right-angled vertex microstructures 31' are transparent microstructures. The light is refracted from the transflector through the incident surface (eg, the upper surface) of the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' and then directed toward the highly reflective coating of the film or curtain 30, and after three reflections, is returned to the exit surface of the right-angled vertex microstructure 31'. (for example, the upper surface), re-refracted, and directed toward the transflector. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6C, the right-angled vertex microstructures 31' are recessed portions, and the light rays are directly incident on the depressed portions after being transmitted or reflected by the transflective mirror, and are reflected three times and then incident on the transflective mirror. The structure of the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' allows light to be returned to the transflective mirror almost through the original path (again, observed in a macroscopic environment, the light can be considered to return along the original path).

图7显示了本发明的又一个实施形式的对向反射元件。该对向反射元件3的基材30’上均匀地分布有直角顶点微结构31’。基材30’自身是透明的基材，直角顶点微结构31’也是透明的微结构体。直角顶点微结构31’与基材30’相背离的那些面上涂有高反射涂层。Figure 7 shows a counter-reflecting element of yet another embodiment of the invention. A right-angled vertex microstructure 31' is evenly distributed over the substrate 30' of the counter-reflecting element 3. The substrate 30' itself is a transparent substrate, and the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' is also a transparent microstructure. Those surfaces of the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' that are away from the substrate 30' are coated with a highly reflective coating.

直角顶点微结构31’优选地与基材30’一体地形成；当然，也可以是分开制成然后附在基材30’上。优选的情况下，基材30’的材料与直角顶点微结构31’的材料是一样的，或至少具有相同的折射率。The right-angled vertex microstructures 31' are preferably formed integrally with the substrate 30'; of course, they may be separately formed and then attached to the substrate 30'. Preferably, the material of the substrate 30' is the same as the material of the right-angled vertex microstructure 31', or at least has the same refractive index.

图8显示了图7中的直角顶点微结构的放大图及对向反射路径的示意图。光线从透反镜经基材30’的上表面折射后射向直角顶点微结构31’的高反射涂层，经三次反射后，射回基材30’的上表面，再次折射，射向透反镜。直角顶点微结构31’的结构使得光线能够几乎经由原路返回透反镜(如前所述，在宏观环境下观察，可以认为光线就是沿原路返回)。Fig. 8 is a view showing an enlarged view of the right-angled vertex microstructure of Fig. 7 and a schematic diagram of the opposite reflection path. The light is refracted from the transflector through the upper surface of the substrate 30' and then directed to the high-reflection coating of the right-angled apex microstructure 31'. After three reflections, it is returned to the upper surface of the substrate 30', and is refracted again. Mirror. The structure of the right-angled vertex microstructure 31' allows the light to be returned to the transflective mirror almost through the original path (as previously described, in the macroscopic environment, the light can be considered to return along the original path).

图9以顶视图的方式示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施形式的对向反射元件上的微结构的分布，以更好地理解微结构的分布情况。如图所示，多个微结构依次紧邻彼此分布，在对向反射元件上延伸。应当理解，图中显示的只是对向反射元件的局部，微结构可以在整个对向反射元件上作这样的分布。另外，虽然本图中显示的微结构是类似于长方体的凹陷部，应当理解，微结构的形状并不局限于此，而可以是上文中所述的任一种微结构。Figure 9 schematically shows, in a top view, the distribution of microstructures on a counter-reflecting element in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention to better understand the distribution of microstructures. As shown, a plurality of microstructures are sequentially disposed next to one another, extending over the opposing reflective elements. It should be understood that only the portions of the opposing reflective elements are shown in the figures, and the microstructures may be distributed throughout the opposing reflective elements. In addition, although the microstructure shown in the figure is a depressed portion similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, it should be understood that the shape of the microstructure is not limited thereto, and may be any of the microstructures described above.

如上所述，对向反射元件在微观上还是会对光线的反射路径和入射路径造成一定偏移；同时，光的衍射效应会使反射光产生一定的发散角。这两点是影响本发明空中成像的清晰度的两个核心因素，而这两种因素也是相互制约的。对向反射元件的微结构尺寸越小，则造成的光线偏移越小，但是衍射造成的光斑则越大；相反的，如果微结构尺寸越大，则衍射造成的光斑越小，但是造成的光线偏移越大。为了克服这两种相互制约的关系对成像清晰度的不利影响，本发明对微结构的直径、像源像素点阵的点距以及实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的尺寸关系做出了特定设计。As described above, the opposite-reflecting element microscopically causes a certain offset between the reflection path and the incident path of the light; meanwhile, the diffraction effect of the light causes the reflected light to have a certain divergence angle. These two points are the two core factors affecting the clarity of the aerial imaging of the present invention, and these two factors are also mutually constrained. The smaller the microstructure size of the counter-reflecting element, the smaller the light deviation caused, but the larger the spot caused by diffraction; on the contrary, if the size of the microstructure is larger, the spot caused by diffraction is smaller, but the result is The greater the light offset. In order to overcome the adverse effect of the two mutually constrained relationships on image sharpness, the present invention makes the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the source pixel lattice, and the optical path between the real image and the retroreflective element. A specific design.

通常来说，观察者观察所成实像的观察距离随着实像到对向反射元件的光程的增大而增大，优选地两者基本上成线性关系。对于观察者来说，考虑到其舒适的观看视角，所成实像的画面宽度优选地是其观察距离的例如1至2倍；而如果观察者想获取足够清晰的实像，那么其所观察到的像素点需要满足一定数量，例如，在每个维度上具有至少1024个像素点；由此可以推算所选用的像源的点距应是多少(像源的点距决定了所成实像的光斑的大小)。考虑到空气中成像的视觉效果，在本发明中，微结构的直径设置成与像源点距为同样数量级，优选地为像源点距的约1/5、1/4、1/3、1/2，或者等于像源点距。因此，可以根据实际应用场景的观察距离来选择光程和光源 (如果是点阵光源的话)的点距，从而进一步选择微结构的尺寸。In general, the observer observes that the observed distance of the real image increases as the optical path of the real image to the opposing reflective element increases, preferably both in a substantially linear relationship. For the observer, the width of the real image is preferably, for example, 1 to 2 times the viewing distance, taking into account its comfortable viewing angle; and if the observer wants to obtain a sufficiently clear real image, then the observed The pixel points need to satisfy a certain number, for example, have at least 1024 pixel points in each dimension; thus it can be estimated how much the dot distance of the selected image source should be (the dot pitch of the source determines the spot of the real image) size). In view of the visual effect of imaging in air, in the present invention, the diameter of the microstructure is set to be of the same order of magnitude as the image source, preferably about 1/5, 1/4, 1/3 of the source point distance. 1/2, or equal to the source point distance. Therefore, the optical path and the light source can be selected according to the observation distance of the actual application scenario. The dot pitch (if it is a dot matrix source) to further select the size of the microstructure.

在一个示例中，如果是例如大型广告展示等应用场景，比较合适的观察距离约为5m，可以选择光程为2m或稍长的成像***，而比较合适的实像画面长度约为5m，这时如果希望达到1024像素的分辨率，可以使用点距在5mm左右的点阵像源，那么经过计算可得微结构的优选尺寸范围为0.6mm～4.4mm，更优选尺寸约为1.7mm。In an example, if it is an application scenario such as a large advertisement display, a suitable viewing distance is about 5 m, and an imaging system with an optical path of 2 m or a long length can be selected, and a suitable real image length is about 5 m. If it is desired to achieve a resolution of 1024 pixels, a dot matrix image having a dot pitch of about 5 mm can be used, and the preferred size range of the microstructure obtained from the calculation is 0.6 mm to 4.4 mm, and more preferably about 1.7 mm.

在另一个示例中，如果是例如普通尺寸广告展示等应用场景，比较合适的观察距离为1m或以上，可以选择光程为约0.5m的成像***，而比较合适的实像画面长度约为2m，这时如果希望达到1024像素的分辨率，可以使用点距在2mm左右的点阵像源，那么经过计算可得微结构的优选尺寸范围为0.43mm～1.57mm，更优选尺寸约为0.82mm。In another example, if it is an application scenario such as a general-size advertisement display, a suitable observation distance is 1 m or more, and an imaging system with an optical path of about 0.5 m can be selected, and a suitable real image length is about 2 m. At this time, if it is desired to achieve a resolution of 1024 pixels, a dot matrix image having a dot pitch of about 2 mm can be used, and the preferred size range of the microstructure obtained by calculation is 0.43 mm to 1.57 mm, and more preferably about 0.82 mm.

在有一个示例中，如果是近距离或者小尺寸显示等应用场景，比较合适的观察距离为0.5m或更小，可以选择光程为约0.1m的成像***，而比较合适的实像画面长度约为1m，这时如果希望达到1024像素的分辨率，可以使用点距在0.5mm左右的点阵像源，那么经过计算可得微结构的优选尺寸范围为0.16mm～0.84mm，更优选尺寸约为0.37mm。In an example, if the application is a close-range or small-size display, the appropriate viewing distance is 0.5 m or less, and an imaging system with an optical path of about 0.1 m can be selected, and a suitable real image length is about When it is 1 m, if it is desired to achieve a resolution of 1024 pixels, a dot matrix image having a dot pitch of about 0.5 mm can be used, and the preferred size range of the microstructure obtained by calculation is 0.16 mm to 0.84 mm, more preferably about the size. It is 0.37mm.

如上所述，对向反射元件在微观上还是会对光线的反射路径和入射路径造成一定偏移；同时，光的衍射效应会使反射光产生一定的发散角。光线偏移对光斑大小的影响不随成像距离变化，不过随着微结构的尺度而线性变化。因此可以用减小微结构单元的大小，例如超精细加工等办法来解决。而衍射造成的斑点大小是随着成像距离的变化而线性变化的，所以设法降低衍射所造成的光线发散是很关键的因素。As described above, the opposite-reflecting element microscopically causes a certain offset between the reflection path and the incident path of the light; meanwhile, the diffraction effect of the light causes the reflected light to have a certain divergence angle. The effect of light offset on spot size does not vary with imaging distance, but varies linearly with the scale of the microstructure. Therefore, it can be solved by reducing the size of the microstructure unit, such as ultra-fine processing. The size of the spot caused by diffraction changes linearly with the change of the imaging distance, so it is a key factor to try to reduce the divergence of light caused by diffraction.

如图10中示意性所示，在采取直角三角锥结构作为对向反射单元时，入射光线在上表面发生折射，之后入射到对向反射单元的直角三角锥上发生发射，同时因为夫朗和费衍射的原因，以一定角度发散。之后在对向反射元件的上表面再一次发生折射，形成主轴与入射光线方向相反，但是带有少量位移和一定发散角的反射光线。As schematically shown in Fig. 10, when a right-angled triangular pyramid structure is employed as the opposite-reflecting unit, the incident ray is refracted on the upper surface, and then incident on the right-angled triangular cone of the opposite-reflecting unit occurs, and at the same time The reason for the diffraction is diverging at a certain angle. Opposite reflection element The upper surface of the piece is again refracted, forming a reflected light with a major axis opposite to the incident ray, but with a small amount of displacement and a certain divergence angle.

为了尽可能降低衍射所造成的光线发散对成像清晰度的不利影响，本发明对对向反射单元做出新的设计以降低衍射造成的发散。In order to minimize the adverse effects of divergence caused by diffraction on image sharpness, the present invention makes new designs for the counter-reflecting unit to reduce divergence caused by diffraction.

如图11所示，在一个实施形式中，将对向反射单元的基体部分分为两个主要部分。在基体部分的上部，也即朝向透反镜的那一侧，使用凸透镜结构，形成凸透镜阵列。而在基体部分的下部，即远离透反镜的那一侧，使用直角三角锥结构，形成直角三角锥阵列。整个基体部分使用透明基材。同时基体部分的厚度设计成使得下部的直角三角锥结构排列在上部的凸透镜的焦平面上。As shown in Fig. 11, in one embodiment, the base portion of the counter-reflecting unit is divided into two main portions. A convex lens array is formed on the upper portion of the base portion, that is, the side facing the transflector, using a convex lens structure. On the lower side of the base portion, that is, the side away from the transflector, a right-angled triangular pyramid structure is used to form a right-angled triangular pyramid array. A transparent substrate is used throughout the base portion. At the same time, the thickness of the base portion is designed such that the lower right-angled triangular pyramid structure is arranged on the focal plane of the upper convex lens.

在基体部分的下表面，也即直角三角锥结构的下表面或者说外侧，镀有高反射材料层。由此，入射光线在基体部分的上表面，也即凸透镜结构的上表面或者说外侧，发生折射；之后入射到直角三角锥上，在其下表面发生多次反射，同时因为夫朗和费衍射的原因，以一定对角度发散；之后在对向反射元件的上表面再一次发生折射，因为凸透镜聚焦的原理，这次折射使带有一定散射的光线聚拢，以接***行光的形式发射出去。由此，降低了衍射造成的发散，即使在成像距离较长的情况下也能够减小衍射造成的斑点尺寸。On the lower surface of the base portion, that is, the lower surface or the outer side of the right-angled triangular pyramid structure, a layer of highly reflective material is plated. Thereby, the incident light is refracted on the upper surface of the base portion, that is, the upper surface or the outer side of the convex lens structure; then incident on the right-angled triangular pyramid, multiple reflections occur on the lower surface thereof, and at the same time, due to Fraunhofer diffraction The reason is to diverge at a certain angle; then the refraction occurs again on the upper surface of the opposite reflecting element. Because of the principle of focusing the convex lens, this refraction causes the light with a certain scattering to gather and emit in the form of nearly parallel light. Thereby, divergence due to diffraction is reduced, and the spot size caused by diffraction can be reduced even when the imaging distance is long.

在这个实施形式中，凸透镜阵列中的每一个凸透镜结构的直径为约1mm，最好在1mm以下；而直角三角锥阵列中的每一个直角三角锥结构都为等边直角三角锥结构，其底面为等边三角形；该底面的边长为约0.02mm，最好在0.02mm以下。一般情况下，一个凸透镜结构对应数十个直角三角锥结构；然而，一个凸透镜结构对应一个直角三角锥结构的情况也是可以考虑的。In this embodiment, each of the convex lens structures has a diameter of about 1 mm, preferably less than 1 mm; and each of the right-angled triangular pyramid structures in the right-angled triangular pyramid array has an equilateral right-angled triangular pyramid structure, and the bottom surface thereof It is an equilateral triangle; the side of the bottom has a side length of about 0.02 mm, preferably 0.02 mm or less. In general, a convex lens structure corresponds to dozens of right-angled triangular pyramid structures; however, a convex lens structure corresponding to a right-angled triangular pyramid structure is also conceivable.

在这个实施形式中，基体部分下表面所镀有的反射材料层的反射率达60％以上，优选地，达70％、80％或90％以上。In this embodiment, the reflective material layer on which the lower surface of the base portion is plated has a reflectance of 60% or more, preferably 70%, 80% or more.

在一个优选的实施形式中，基体部分上表面还镀有增透材质，使得该表面的透过率达70％以上。更优选地，达80％或90％以上。In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the base portion is further plated with an anti-reflection material such that the surface The transmittance of the surface is over 70%. More preferably, it is 80% or more.

如上所述，图1和图2中所示的空气中成像***，像源发出的光线需经历透反镜的一次反射及一次投射(不分先后顺序)，以及对向反射元件的反射然后才能成像。最后显像亮度L的近似计算公式为：As described above, in the airborne imaging system shown in Figures 1 and 2, the light emitted by the image source undergoes one reflection and one projection of the mirror (in no particular order), and the reflection of the opposite reflecting element. Imaging. The approximate calculation formula of the final development brightness L is:

L＝L₀×T_g×R_g×ηL=L ₀ ×T _g ×R _g ×η

对于通常的透反镜，在不考虑基材对光能量的吸收的情况下，存在如下的近似关系：For a conventional transflectoscope, the following approximate relationship exists without considering the absorption of light energy by the substrate:

T_g＝(1-R_g)T _g = (1-R _g )

则then

T_g×R_g＝(1-R_g)×R_g≤25％T _g ×R _g =(1-R _g )×R _g ≤25%

由此可以得出，透反镜的光效小于等于1/4。It can be concluded that the light effect of the transflective mirror is less than or equal to 1/4.

为了提高显像亮度，本发明还提出一种用于提高光效、增强显像亮度的技术。图12显示了根据该技术的用于提高显像亮度的成像***的一个实施形式。In order to improve the brightness of development, the present invention also proposes a technique for improving light efficiency and enhancing development brightness. Figure 12 shows an embodiment of an imaging system for increasing the brightness of a development according to the technique.

与图1所示的实施形式类似，该***包括像源1、透反镜2和对向反射元件3；透反镜2所处的平面将空间分为第一半区I和第二半区II，像源1和对向反射元件3都处在第一半区I中。Similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the system comprises an image source 1, a transflective mirror 2 and a counter-reflecting element 3; the plane in which the transflective mirror 2 is located divides the space into a first half zone I and a second half zone II, image source 1 and counter-reflecting element 3 are both in the first half I.

像源1使用s偏振光源；在透反镜2朝向像源1的一侧，镀有选透膜，选透膜设置成对s偏振光的反射率较高，而p偏振光的透射率较高。选透膜可以是单独的膜层，也可以是多个膜层叠加。选透膜的成分选自特殊的金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属氮氧化物镀膜，氟化物，以及/或者有机聚合物；可以是五氧化二钽、二氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、二氧化硅、氟化镁、氮化硅、氮氧化硅、氟化铝中的一种或多种。The image source 1 uses an s-polarized light source; on the side of the transflectoscope 2 facing the image source 1, a permselective film is plated, and the permeation film is arranged to have a higher reflectance for s-polarized light, and the transmittance of p-polarized light is higher. high. The membrane may be a separate membrane layer or a plurality of membrane layers. The components of the permeable membrane are selected from the group consisting of special metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitride coatings, fluorides, and/or organic polymers; may be tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconia One or more of silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and aluminum fluoride.

如图12所示，在对向反射元件3朝向透反镜2的一侧还设有相位延迟光学元件5，优选是1/4波片，使得从透反镜2射向对向反射元件3的s偏振光源在经过相位延迟光学元件5后，变为圆偏振光。圆偏振光再经过对向反射元件3反射后，又经过相位延迟光学元件5，这时圆偏振光会变为p偏正光。As shown in Fig. 12, a phase retardation optical element 5, preferably a quarter-wave plate, is also provided on the side of the counter-reflecting element 3 facing the transflective mirror 2 such that it is directed from the transflective mirror 2 to the counter-reflecting element 3. The s-polarized light source becomes circularly polarized light after passing through the phase retardation optical element 5. The circularly polarized light is then reflected by the counter-reflecting element 3 and then passed through the phase retarding optical element 5, at which time the circularly polarized light becomes p-biased.

选透膜对s偏振光的平均反射率大于70％、优选地大于80％、甚至大于90％；而其对p偏振光的平均透射率的大于70％、优选地大于80％、甚至大于90％。The average reflectance of the permeable membrane to s-polarized light is greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%, or even greater than 90%; and its average transmittance for p-polarized light is greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%, or even greater than 90% %.

以选透膜对s偏振光的平均反射率大于70％而对p偏振光的平均透射率的也大于70％为例，光线在经过透反镜时，其光效应大于For example, if the average reflectance of the permeable polarized light is greater than 70% and the average transmittance of the p-polarized light is greater than 70%, the light effect is greater when the light passes through the transflective mirror.

T_g×R_g≈70％×70％＝49％T _g ×R _g ≈70%×70%=49%

这与前述***中例如25％的光效相比，提高了近一倍。则最终显像亮度也提高了近一倍。This is nearly double the luminous efficiency of, for example, 25% in the aforementioned systems. The final image brightness is also nearly doubled.

在优选的实施形式中，像源1选用可以特定波段的s偏振光，而选透膜也设置成对该特定波段的s偏振光的反射率较高，而对其他波段的s偏振光以及可见光波段内的p偏振光的透射率较高。例如，对该特定波段的s偏振光的平均反射率大于80％、甚至大于90％，而对于其他波段的s偏振光以及可见光波段内的p偏振光的平均透射率大于80％、甚至大于90％。该特定波段可以是例如590nm～690nm的红色光、500nm～565nm的绿色光、410nm～ 480nm的蓝色光。In a preferred embodiment, the image source 1 is selected to have s-polarized light of a specific wavelength band, and the selective transmission film is also arranged to have a higher reflectance for the s-polarized light of the specific wavelength band, and s-polarized light and visible light for other wavelength bands. The transmittance of p-polarized light in the band is high. For example, the average reflectance of the s-polarized light for the specific wavelength band is greater than 80%, or even greater than 90%, and the average transmittance for the s-polarized light of other wavelength bands and the p-polarized light of the visible light wavelength is greater than 80%, or even greater than 90%. %. The specific wavelength band may be, for example, red light of 590 nm to 690 nm, green light of 500 nm to 565 nm, and 410 nm. 480nm blue light.

以选透膜对特定波段的s偏振光的平均反射率大于80％，而与可见光波段内的p偏振光的平均透射率大于80％为例，光线在经过透反镜时，其光效应大于The average reflectance of the s-polarized light of a specific wavelength band is greater than 80%, and the average transmittance of p-polarized light in the visible light band is greater than 80%. For example, when the light passes through the transflective mirror, the optical effect is greater than

T_g×R_g≈80％×80％＝64％T _g ×R _g ≈80%×80%=64%

这与前述***中例如25％的光效相比，提高了近1.6倍。则最终显像亮度也提高了近1.6倍。This is an increase of nearly 1.6 times compared to, for example, 25% of the efficacy in the aforementioned systems. The final image brightness is also increased by nearly 1.6 times.

在另一个优选的形式中，在透反镜2的背向像源1的那一侧还附有增透膜，以增加光的透射率，提高光效。优选地，增透膜可以增加光的透射率达3％，甚至5％以上。In another preferred form, an anti-reflection film is attached to the side of the transflective lens 2 facing away from the image source 1 to increase the transmittance of light and improve the light efficiency. Preferably, the anti-reflection film can increase the transmittance of light by 3% or even 5% or more.

图13显示了根据该技术的用于提高显像亮度的成像***的另一个实施形式。Figure 13 shows another embodiment of an imaging system for increasing the brightness of a visualization in accordance with the technique.

与图2所示的实施形式类似，该***包括像源1、透反镜2和对向反射元件3；透反镜2所处的平面将空间分为第一半区I和第二半区II，像源1处在第一半区I中，而对向反射元件3处在第II半区。Similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the system comprises an image source 1, a transflective mirror 2 and a counter-reflecting element 3; the plane in which the transflective mirror 2 is located divides the space into a first half zone I and a second half zone II, image source 1 is in the first half I, and opposite reflective element 3 is in the second half.

其中，像源1发出的光线经过透反镜2的透射，照射到对向反射元件3上，光线在对向反射元件3上发生对向反射，使得对向反射元件3上的反射光线与入射光线处于同一条路径上，只是方向相反。因此，光线经对向反射元件3反射后沿原入射路径出射(当然，从微观上观察，可以认为反射路径和入射路径略有偏移；然而，从宏观上观察，可以认为两条路径是完全重合的)，再经透反镜反射后，在第二半区II形成实像4。Wherein, the light emitted by the source 1 passes through the transmissive mirror 2, and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element 3, and the light is oppositely reflected on the opposite reflecting element 3, so that the reflected light and the incident on the opposite reflecting element 3 are incident. The light is on the same path, but in the opposite direction. Therefore, the light is reflected by the opposite reflecting element 3 and then exits along the original incident path (of course, from the microscopic observation, the reflected path and the incident path can be considered to be slightly offset; however, from a macroscopic point of view, the two paths can be considered complete. After being reflected by the transflective mirror, a real image 4 is formed in the second half zone II.

像源1使用p偏振光源；在透反镜2朝向像源1的一侧，镀有选透膜，选透膜设置成对s偏振光的反射率较高，而p偏振光的透射率较高。选透膜可以是单独的膜层，也可以是多个膜层叠加。选透膜的成分选自特殊的金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属氮氧化物镀膜，氟化物，以及/或者有机聚合物；可以是五氧化二钽、二氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、二氧化硅、氟化镁、氮化硅、氮氧化硅、氟化铝中的一种或多种。The image source 1 uses a p-polarized light source; on the side of the transflectoscope 2 facing the image source 1, a permselective film is plated, and the permeation film is arranged to have a higher reflectance for s-polarized light, and the transmittance of p-polarized light is higher. high. The membrane may be a separate membrane layer or a plurality of membrane layers. The components of the permeable membrane are selected from the group consisting of special metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitride coatings, fluorides, and/or organic polymers; may be tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconia , silica, fluorination One or more of magnesium, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and aluminum fluoride.

如图13所示，在对向反射元件3朝向透反镜2的一侧还设有相位延迟光学元件5，优选是1/4波片，使得从透反镜2射向对向反射元件3的p偏振光源在经过相位延迟光学元件5后，变为圆偏振光。圆偏振光再经过对向反射元件3反射后，又经过相位延迟光学元件5，这时圆偏振光会变为s偏正光。As shown in Fig. 13, a phase retardation optical element 5, preferably a quarter-wave plate, is also provided on the side of the counter-reflecting element 3 facing the transflective mirror 2 such that it is directed from the transflective mirror 2 to the counter-reflecting element 3. The p-polarized light source becomes circularly polarized light after passing through the phase retardation optical element 5. The circularly polarized light is then reflected by the counter-reflecting element 3 and then passed through the phase retarding optical element 5, at which time the circularly polarized light becomes s-biased.

与图12中实施例的分析方式类似，由于选透膜对s偏振光的平均反射率很高；而其对p偏振光的平均透射率也很高。因此对于图13中的实施例与前述***中例如25％的光效相比，其最终显像亮度也提高了近一倍。Similar to the analysis of the embodiment of Fig. 12, the average reflectance of the s-polarized light by the permeable membrane is high; and the average transmittance of the p-polarized light is also high. Thus, for the embodiment of Figure 13, the final development brightness is nearly doubled compared to, for example, 25% of the efficacy in the aforementioned system.

同样，对于图13中的实施例也可以利用增透膜，以增加光的透射率，提高光效。优选地，增透膜可以增加光的透射率达3％，甚至5％以上。Also, an anti-reflection film can be utilized for the embodiment of Fig. 13 to increase the transmittance of light and improve the light efficiency. Preferably, the anti-reflection film can increase the transmittance of light by 3% or even 5% or more.

基于对于显像亮度和显像清晰度的分析，为了提高空气中显像的亮度和清晰度，我们还提出了一种改进的结构设计：将对向反射元件分割成若干小片(对向反射子元件)，按一定规律离散地分布在透反镜的一侧，使得入射光线与对向反射单元中心线的夹角尽可能小，同时各对向反射子元件到实像的光程尽可能短。这样有利于提高成像的亮度和清晰度。Based on the analysis of the development brightness and development resolution, in order to improve the brightness and sharpness of the image in the air, we also propose an improved structural design: the opposite reflection element is divided into several small pieces (opposing reflectors). The component is discretely distributed on one side of the transflective mirror according to a certain rule, so that the angle between the incident light and the center line of the opposite reflecting unit is as small as possible, and the optical path of each opposite reflecting sub-element to the real image is as short as possible. This helps to improve the brightness and sharpness of the image.

图14a和图14b显示了根据该技术的用于提高显像亮度和清晰度的成像***的一个实施形式。Figures 14a and 14b show an embodiment of an imaging system for improving development brightness and sharpness in accordance with the technique.

参考图14a，与图1所示的实施形式类似，该***包括像源1、透反镜2和多个对向反射子元件300；透反镜2所处的平面将空间分为第一半区I和第二半区II，像源1和对向反射子元件300都处在第一半区I中。多个对向反射子元件300形成对向反射子元件阵列3000(为方便起见在图中将标记3000与标记300记在一处)。Referring to FIG. 14a, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the system includes an image source 1, a transflective mirror 2 and a plurality of counter-reflecting sub-elements 300; the plane in which the transflective mirror 2 is located divides the space into the first half Region I and second half II, image source 1 and counter-reflecting sub-element 300 are both in the first half I. The plurality of oppositely reflecting sub-elements 300 form a counter-reflecting sub-element array 3000 (mark 3000 and indicia 300 are noted in the figure for convenience).

其中，像源1发出的光线经过透反镜2的反射，照射到对向反射子元件300上，光线在对向反射子元件300上发生对向反射，使得对向反射子元件 300上的反射光线与入射光线处于同一条路径上，只是方向相反。因此，光线经对向反射子元件300反射后沿原入射路径出射(当然，从微观上观察，可以认为反射路径和入射路径略有偏移；然而，从宏观上观察，可以认为两条路径是完全重合的)，再经透反镜透射后，在第二半区II形成实像4。Wherein, the light emitted by the source 1 passes through the reflection of the transflective lens 2, and is irradiated onto the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300, and the light is counter-reflected on the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300, so that the opposite-reflecting sub-element The reflected light on 300 is in the same path as the incident ray, but in the opposite direction. Therefore, the light is reflected by the opposite reflecting sub-element 300 and then exits along the original incident path (of course, from the microscopic observation, the reflected path and the incident path can be considered to be slightly offset; however, from a macroscopic point of view, it can be considered that the two paths are Fully coincident, and after transmission through the transilluminator, a real image 4 is formed in the second half II.

进一步参考图14b，在***的侧视图上看去，具有能够看到完整的实像的完整实像视域CRIVD(Complete Real Image Vision Domain)，完整实像视域CRIVD具有交点为视域点VDP(Vision Domain Point)的两条视域边界线VDB1和VDB2(Vision Domain Boundary)；对向反射子元件阵列3000包括阵列第一端3001和阵列第二端3002，其中阵列第一端3001距离透反镜2距离较近，而阵列第二端3002距离透反镜2距离较远。视域边界线VDB1的反向延长线与透反镜2交于离阵列第一端3001较近的透反镜第一点21，而视域边界线VDB2的反向延长线与透反镜2交于离阵列第一端3001较远的透反镜第二点22。With further reference to Figure 14b, looking at the side view of the system, with a complete real image field of view CRIVD (Complete Real Image Vision Domain) capable of seeing a complete real image, the full real image field CRIVD has an intersection point as a view point VDP (Vision Domain Two view boundary lines VDB1 and VDB2 (Vision Domain Boundary); the opposite reflective sub-element array 3000 includes an array first end 3001 and an array second end 3002, wherein the array first end 3001 is at a distance from the mirror 2 Closer, and the second end 3002 of the array is far from the transilluminator 2. The reverse extension line of the view boundary line VDB1 and the mirror 2 intersect the first point 21 of the mirror near the first end 3001 of the array, and the reverse extension line of the boundary line VDB2 and the mirror 2 The second point 22 of the mirror is placed farther away from the first end 3001 of the array.

继续参考图14b，像源1发出的光线具有位于像源1与透反镜2之间的有效照射区域EED(Effective Exposure Domain)，有效照射区域EED包括第一边界线L1和第二边界线L2，其中第一边界线L1为透反镜第一点21到像源1的各发光点的连线中与透反镜2夹角最大的一条连线，而第二边界线L2为透反镜第二点22到像源1的各发光点的连线中与透反镜2夹角最小的那条连线。With continued reference to FIG. 14b, the light emitted by the image source 1 has an effective illumination area EED (Effective Exposure Domain) between the image source 1 and the transflective mirror 2, and the effective illumination area EED includes a first boundary line L1 and a second boundary line L2. , wherein the first boundary line L1 is a line connecting the transflector 2 with the largest angle among the lines connecting the first point 21 of the transflector to the respective light-emitting points of the image source 1, and the second boundary line L2 is a transflective mirror The second point 22 connects to the line connecting the light-emitting points of the source 1 with the smallest angle of the transflective lens 2.

在图14a和10b所示的实施形式中，对向反射子元件300每个都包括基本为平面形状的基材，以及分布在基材上的大量带反射面的对向反射单元(未示出)。对向反射单元是直角顶点微结构，该直角顶点微结构带至少一个直角顶点，该直角顶点的三条棱互成直角。定义经过该直角顶点的与直角顶点微结构三条棱所成角度均相等(约为54.7°)的线为该直角顶点微结构的中心线，在一些优选的实施形式中，要求直角顶点微结构的中心线与基材平面的法线的夹角尽可能小，例如，小于15°、小于10°、小于5°、或甚至为0°。In the embodiment shown in Figures 14a and 10b, the counter-reflecting sub-elements 300 each comprise a substantially planar shaped substrate, and a plurality of counter-reflecting elements with reflective surfaces distributed over the substrate (not shown) ). The opposite reflecting unit is a right-angled vertex microstructure having at least one right-angled vertex, the three edges of the right-angled vertex being at right angles to each other. A line defining an angle equal to the angle of the three corners of the right-angled vertex microstructure (about 54.7°) through the right-angled vertex is the centerline of the right-angled vertex microstructure. In some preferred embodiments, a right-angled vertex microstructure is required. The angle between the centerline and the normal to the plane of the substrate is as small as possible, for example, less than 15°, less than 10°, less than 5°, or Even 0°.

参考图14b中的局部放大部分，各对向反射子元件300都包括子元件第一端301和子元件第二端302。一般而言，子元件第一端301在上方，而子元件第二端302在下方，使得子元件300竖直地设置，或优选地与竖直方向成一定角度。Referring to the partially enlarged portion of FIG. 14b, each of the counter-reflecting sub-elements 300 includes a sub-element first end 301 and a sub-element second end 302. In general, the first end 301 of the sub-element is above and the second end 302 of the sub-element is below, such that the sub-element 300 is disposed vertically, or preferably at an angle to the vertical.

在一些优选的实施形式中，在每个子元件第一端301的位置都确定的情况下，调整对向反射子元件300与竖直方向的角度，使对向反射子元件300的几何中心303(参见图14b的局部放大部分)与视域点VDP的连线与该对向反射子元件300上的直角顶点微结构的中心线所成夹角小于15°，优选地小于10°，更优选地小于5°，最好使该夹角为0°；由此使得反射光效尽可能高。In some preferred embodiments, where the position of the first end 301 of each sub-element is determined, the angle of the counter-reflecting sub-element 300 to the vertical direction is adjusted such that the geometric center 303 of the counter-reflecting sub-element 300 ( Referring to the partially enlarged portion of Fig. 14b), the line connecting the view point VDP and the center line of the right angle apex microstructure on the counter-reflecting sub-element 300 are less than 15°, preferably less than 10°, more preferably Below 5°, it is preferable to make the included angle 0°; thereby making the reflected light effect as high as possible.

在一些优选的实施形式中，对向反射子元件阵列3000设置成，各对向反射子元件300都不遮挡像源1入射到透反镜2的光线，这样能够保证像源1到实像4的光线不会因为有遮挡而造成成像的损失。In some preferred embodiments, the opposite reflecting sub-element array 3000 is disposed such that each of the opposite reflecting sub-elements 300 does not block the light incident from the source 1 to the transflective mirror 2, thus ensuring the image source 1 to the real image 4. Light does not cause imaging loss due to occlusion.

举例而言，每个子元件第一端301和每个子元件第二端302都落在有效照射区域EED之外，这使得像源1到实像4的光线不会被遮挡。更优选的情况下，每个子元件第一端301落在第一边界线L1上，而每个子元件第二端302都落在有效照射区域EED之外；这样还能够保证对向反射子元件300到所成实像4的光程尽可能短。For example, each of the sub-element first end 301 and each sub-element second end 302 falls outside the effective illumination area EED, which causes the light from source 1 to real image 4 to be unobstructed. More preferably, each of the sub-element first ends 301 falls on the first boundary line L1, and each of the sub-element second ends 302 falls outside the effective illumination area EED; thus also ensuring the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300 The optical path to the real image 4 is as short as possible.

在一些优选的实施形式中，对向反射子元件阵列3000设置成，而形成实像4的所有光线的反向延长线都能够落在某一个对向反射子元件300上。这样能够保证像源1到实像4的光线不会因为漏掉不被反射而造成成像的损失。In some preferred embodiments, the counter-reflecting sub-element array 3000 is disposed such that the inverse extension of all of the rays forming the real image 4 can fall on a certain counter-reflecting sub-element 300. This ensures that the light from source 1 to real image 4 will not be lost due to leakage and reflection.

举例而言，如图14b所示，在***的侧视图上看去，将阵列3000的所有对向反射子元件300按照离透反镜第一点21的距离由近至远排序，定义离透反镜第一点21的距离最近的对向反射子元件300的位置为最前，离透反镜第一点21的距离最远的对向反射子元件300的位置为最后，其中，相邻两个对向反射子元件300中，前一个对向反射子元件300的子元件第二端302与视域点VDP的连线和第一边界线L1的形成一个交点，而后一个对向反射子元件300的子元件第一端301与视域点VDP的连线和第一边界线L2也形成一个交点，前者交点位于后者交点的后方，或者至少与其重叠，这样保证像源1发出的、经透反镜2第一次反射向阵列3000的所有光线都会被对向反射回去，不会遗漏。For example, as shown in FIG. 14b, in view of the side view of the system, all of the opposed reflective sub-elements 300 of the array 3000 are ordered from near to far in accordance with the distance from the first point 21 of the transflective mirror. The position of the closest anti-reflecting sub-element 300 of the first point 21 of the mirror is the front, and the distance is The position of the far-reflecting counter-reflecting sub-element 300 of the first point 21 of the mirror is the last, wherein the second end of the sub-element of the preceding counter-reflecting sub-element 300 of the adjacent two opposite-reflecting sub-elements 300 302 is connected to the line of sight VDP and the first boundary line L1 is formed, and the line connecting the first end 301 of the sub-reflecting sub-element 300 to the view point VDP and the first boundary line L2 are also Forming an intersection point, the former intersection point is located behind the intersection point of the latter, or at least overlaps with it, so that all the light emitted by the source 1 and transmitted through the mirror 2 for the first time to the array 3000 will be reflected back, not Missing.

参考图15a，与图2所示的实施形式类似，***包括像源1、透反镜2和多个对向反射子元件300；透反镜2所处的平面将空间分为第一半区I和第二半区II，像源1处在第一半区I中，而多个对向反射子元件300处在第二半区II中。多个对向反射子元件300形成对向反射子元件阵列3000(为方便起见在图中将标记3000与标记300记在一处)。Referring to FIG. 15a, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the system includes an image source 1, a transflective mirror 2 and a plurality of counter-reflecting sub-elements 300; the plane in which the transflective mirror 2 is located divides the space into first half regions. I and the second half II, the source 1 is in the first half I, and the plurality of oppositely reflecting sub-elements 300 are in the second half II. The plurality of oppositely reflecting sub-elements 300 form a counter-reflecting sub-element array 3000 (mark 3000 and indicia 300 are noted in the figure for convenience).

其中，像源1发出的光线经过透反镜2的透射，照射到对向反射子元件300上，光线在对向反射子元件300上发生对向反射，使得对向反射子元件300上的反射光线与入射光线处于同一条路径上，只是方向相反。因此，光线经对向反射子元件300反射后沿原入射路径出射(当然，从微观上观察，可以认为反射路径和入射路径略有偏移；然而，从宏观上观察，可以认为两条路径是完全重合的)，再经透反镜反射后，在第二半区II形成实像4。Wherein, the light emitted by the source 1 passes through the transmissive mirror 2 and is irradiated onto the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300, and the light is reflected on the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300 so that the reflection on the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300 The light is in the same path as the incident ray, but in the opposite direction. Therefore, the light is reflected by the opposite reflecting sub-element 300 and then exits along the original incident path (of course, from the microscopic observation, the reflected path and the incident path can be considered to be slightly offset; however, from a macroscopic point of view, it can be considered that the two paths are Fully coincident), after being reflected by the transflective mirror, a real image 4 is formed in the second half zone II.

在这个实施形式中，像源1发出的光线经透反镜2的透射(而非经过反射)后到达反射子元件300。而经反射子元件300反射的光线再经由透反镜2反射(而非透射)后，生成实像4。最后所成的实像4和反射子元件300位于同一半区，而非不同的半区。In this embodiment, the light emitted by the source 1 passes through the transmissive mirror 2 (rather than being reflected) to the reflective sub-element 300. The light reflected by the reflector element 300 is then reflected (not transmitted) through the transilluminator 2 to produce a real image 4. The resulting real image 4 and reflector sub-element 300 are located in the same half, rather than in different half regions.

与图14b类似，在侧视图上看去，图15b的***也包括完整实像视域CRIVD、视域点VDP、两条视域边界线VDB1和VDB2(图15b中未示出)；同样也包括有效照射区域EED，以及第一边界线L1和第二边界线L2(图15b中未示出)；还包括对向反射子元件阵列3000的阵列第一端3001和阵列第二端3002，透反镜第一点21，透反镜第二点22。这些特征的定义都参照图14b中的***。图15b的***中微结构的构成也与图14b所示的实施形式中的一致。Similar to Fig. 14b, the system of Fig. 15b also includes a full real image field CRIVD, a view point VDP, two view boundary lines VDB1 and VDB2 (not shown in Fig. 15b), as seen in a side view; Also included is an effective illumination area EED, and a first boundary line L1 and a second boundary line L2 (not shown in FIG. 15b); and an array first end 3001 and an array second end 3002 of the opposite-reflecting sub-element array 3000 The first point 21 of the transflective mirror and the second point 22 of the transflective mirror. The definition of these features is referred to the system in Figure 14b. The configuration of the microstructures in the system of Figure 15b is also consistent with that of the embodiment shown in Figure 14b.

除此之外，还定义第三边界线L3为与第一边界线L1关于透反镜2镜像对称的线，定义有效成像区域EID(Effective Imaging Domain)为与有效照射区域EED关于透反镜2镜像对称的区域，又定义虚拟视域点VVDP为与视域点VDP关于透反镜2镜像对称的点。In addition, the third boundary line L3 is defined as a line mirror-symmetrical with respect to the first boundary line L1 with respect to the transflective mirror 2, and an effective imaging area EID (Effective Imaging Domain) is defined as the effective illumination area EED with respect to the transflective mirror 2 The mirror-symmetric region, in turn, defines the virtual field of view point VVDP as a point that is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the field of view point VDP with respect to the mirror 2.

在图15b中，一般而言，各对向反射子元件300的子元件第一端301在右方(离透反镜2较近)，而子元件第二端302在左方(离透反镜2较远)，使得子元件300水平地设置，或优选地与水平方向成一定角度。In Fig. 15b, in general, the first end 301 of the sub-element of each of the counter-reflecting sub-elements 300 is on the right (closer to the transilluminator 2), and the second end 302 of the sub-element is on the left (disversely The mirror 2 is farther away, such that the sub-element 300 is placed horizontally, or preferably at an angle to the horizontal.

在一些优选的实施形式中，在每个子元件第一端301的位置都确定的情况下，调整对向反射子元件300与水平方向的角度，使对向反射子元件300的几何中心303与虚拟视域点VVDP的连线与该对向反射子元件300上的直角顶点微结构的中心线所成夹角小于15°，优选地小于10°，更优选地小于5°，最好使该夹角为0°；由此使得反射光效尽可能高。In some preferred embodiments, the angle of the counter-reflecting sub-element 300 to the horizontal direction is adjusted such that the geometric center 303 of the counter-reflecting sub-element 300 is virtual with the position of the first end 301 of each sub-element being determined. The line of view point VVDP and the centerline of the right-angled vertex microstructure on the counter-reflecting sub-element 300 are at an angle of less than 15°, preferably less than 10°, more preferably less than 5°, preferably the clip The angle is 0°; thus making the reflected light effect as high as possible.

在一些优选的实施形式中，对向反射子元件阵列3000设置成，各对向反射子元件300都不遮挡透反镜2射向实像4入射到的光线，这样能够保证像源1到实像4的光线不会因为有遮挡而造成成像的损失。In some preferred embodiments, the opposite-reflecting sub-element array 3000 is disposed such that each of the opposite-reflecting sub-elements 300 does not block the light incident by the transflective mirror 2 toward the real image 4, thereby ensuring the image source 1 to the real image 4 The light will not be lost due to occlusion.

举例而言，每个子元件第一端301和每个子元件第二端302都落在有效成像区域EID之外，这使得像源1到实像4的光线不会被遮挡。更优选的情况下，每个子元件第一端301落在第一边界线L1上，而每个子元件第二端302都落在有效成像区域EID之外；这样还能够保证对向反射子元件300到所成实像4的光程尽可能短。For example, each of the sub-element first end 301 and each sub-element second end 302 falls outside of the effective imaging area EID, which causes light from source 1 to real image 4 to be unobstructed. More preferably, the first end 301 of each sub-element falls on the first boundary line L1, and the second end 302 of each sub-element falls outside the effective imaging area EID; thus also ensuring the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300 The optical path to the real image 4 is as short as possible.

在一些优选的实施形式中，对向反射子元件阵列3000设置成，从像源 1发出的有效照射区域EED内的所有光线的延长线都能够落在某一个对向反射子元件300上。这样能够保证像源1到实像4的光线不会因为漏掉不被反射而造成成像的损失。In some preferred embodiments, the opposite reflective sub-element array 3000 is arranged to be from the image source. An extension of all rays in the effective illumination area EED emitted by 1 can fall on a certain counter-reflecting sub-element 300. This ensures that the light from source 1 to real image 4 will not be lost due to leakage and reflection.

举例而言，如图15b所示，在***的侧视图上看去，将阵列3000的所有对向反射子元件300按照离透反镜第一点21的距离由近至远排序，定义离透反镜第一点21的距离最近的对向反射子元件300的位置为最前，离透反镜第一点21的距离最远的对向反射子元件300的位置为最后，其中，相邻两个对向反射子元件300中，前一个对向反射子元件300的子元件第二端302与虚拟视域点VVDP的连线和第三边界线L3形成一个交点，而后一个对向反射子元件300的子元件第一端301与虚拟视域点VVDP的连线和第三边界线L3也形成一个交点，前者交点位于后者交点的后方，或者至少与其重叠，这样保证像源1发出的、经透反镜2第一次透射向阵列3000的所有光线都会被对向反射回去，不会遗漏。For example, as shown in FIG. 15b, in the side view of the system, all of the opposed reflective sub-elements 300 of the array 3000 are ordered from near to far in accordance with the distance from the first point 21 of the transflective mirror. The position of the closest counter-reflecting sub-element 300 of the first point 21 of the mirror is the foremost, and the position of the opposite-reflecting sub-element 300 farthest from the first point 21 of the transilluminator is the last, wherein two adjacent In the opposite reflective sub-element 300, the line connecting the second end 302 of the sub-element of the previous counter-reflecting sub-element 300 with the virtual view point VVDP forms an intersection with the third boundary line L3, and the latter is a reflective sub-element. The line connecting the first end 301 of the sub-element 300 to the virtual view point VVDP and the third boundary line L3 also form an intersection point, the former intersection point is located behind the intersection point of the latter, or at least overlaps with it, so as to ensure that the source 1 emits All of the light transmitted through the transilluminator 2 to the array 3000 for the first time is reflected back in the opposite direction and will not be missed.

与采用单块的对向反射元件的情况类似，在本发明的又一个实施形式中(未示出)，可以将上述两个实施形式结合，采用两个对向反射元件阵列，这样得到亮度更强的成像。附加地或者替代地，也可以使用两个像源。Similar to the case of a monolithic counter-reflecting element, in a further embodiment of the invention (not shown), the two embodiments described above can be combined, using two arrays of counter-reflective elements, which results in a higher brightness Strong imaging. Additionally or alternatively, two image sources can also be used.

应当理解，在本发明中，虽然大部分情况下将对向反射元件中的反射面(例如，涂有高反射涂层的面)描述为是附在基材上的一部分，但是也可以认为反射面是附在微结构上的一部分。例如，可以将对向反射元件划分成大量的对向反射单元，每个对向反射单元都包括带反射面的微结构；微结构可以是前述的球状微结构或者直角顶点微结构。或者，甚至也可以将反射面当作一个独立结构单元来描述。例如，每个对向反射单元都包括反射面，以及可以使反射面附着于其上的第一材质和第二材质中的至少一种；反射面可以是由前述的微结构的一个或几个面所形成的。It should be understood that in the present invention, although the reflecting surface (for example, the surface coated with the highly reflective coating) in the opposite reflecting element is described as being a part attached to the substrate in most cases, reflection can also be considered. The face is part of the microstructure attached. For example, the counter-reflecting element can be divided into a plurality of counter-reflecting units, each of which includes a microstructure with a reflecting surface; the microstructure can be a spherical micro-structure or a right-angle vertex microstructure as described above. Alternatively, the reflective surface can even be described as a separate structural unit. For example, each of the opposite reflecting units includes a reflecting surface, and at least one of a first material and a second material to which the reflecting surface can be attached; the reflecting surface may be one or more of the aforementioned microstructures Formed by the face.

根据本发明，既不需要借助头盔等辅助设备，也不需要借助成像屏幕或是空气中的微粒介质，即可以直接在空气中，甚至在真空中成像。是真正的空气成像技术。由于所成的像悬浮在空气中，可以拓展出大量的互动和应用，具有划时代的意义。According to the invention, it is not necessary to use auxiliary equipment such as a helmet, or to use an imaging screen or It is a particulate medium in the air that can be imaged directly in the air, even in a vacuum. It is a true air imaging technology. Because the image is suspended in the air, it can be extended to a large number of interactions and applications, which is of epoch-making significance.

应当明白，对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。应当理解，以上实施例中所公开的特征，除了有特别说明的情形外，都可以单独地或者相结合地使用。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本文所公开的本发明并不局限于所公开的具体实施例，而是意在涵盖如所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的修改。 It will be apparent that the above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. It should be understood that the features disclosed in the above embodiments may be used singly or in combination, unless otherwise specified. Various modifications to these embodiments are obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention as disclosed herein is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

一种用于在空中成像的***，其包括，像源、透反镜和对向反射元件；其中A system for imaging in the air, comprising: an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element;

像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成实像；The light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transflective mirror and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element. After the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，微结构的半径、像源像素点阵的点距以及实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，微结构的直径与点距成线性关系，而光程与点距的平方成线性关系。The counter-reflecting element comprises a large number of microstructures for opposite reflection, the radius of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice, and the relationship between the real image and the optical path of the counter-reflecting element, the diameter of the microstructure is The dot pitch is linear, and the optical path is linear with the square of the dot pitch.
根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述微结构的直径以及所述实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，在所述光程选定时，所述微结构的面积设计成与像源发出光线的波长成反比，和/或，The system of claim 1 wherein the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure and the optical path of the real image to the counter-reflecting element is designed such that upon selection of the optical path, the microstructure The area is designed to be inversely proportional to the wavelength at which the source emits light, and/or,

所述微结构的直径小于等于所述像源像素点阵的点距的一半。The diameter of the microstructure is less than or equal to half the pitch of the image source pixel lattice.
根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的***，其特征在于，预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离随着所述实像到对向反射元件的光程成线性关系。A system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the predetermined viewing angle of the real image observed by the user is linear with the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element.
根据权利要求3所述的***，其特征在于，所述像源像素点阵的点距这样选择，使得其与预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离成正比。The system of claim 3 wherein the dot pitch of the source pixel array is selected such that it is proportional to the viewing distance of the real image observed by the predetermined user.
一种用于在空中成像的方法，其使用包括像源、透反镜和对向反射元件的***；该方法包括：A method for imaging in the air using a system comprising an image source, a transflector and a retroreflective element; the method comprising:

使像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射之后照射到对向反射元件上；Having the light emitted by the image source be reflected by the transflector and then irradiated onto the opposite reflective element;

使光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，从而再透射过透反镜后形成实像； After the light is reflected on the opposite reflective element, the light is emitted in the opposite direction along the original incident path, and then transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

其中，该对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，所述方法还包括，将微结构的半径、像源像素点阵的点距以及实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，使所述微结构的直径与所述点距成线性关系，而所述光程与所述点距的平方成线性关系。Wherein the counter-reflecting element comprises a plurality of microstructures for opposite reflection, the method further comprising: between the radius of the microstructure, the dot pitch of the source pixel lattice, and the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflective element The relationship is designed such that the diameter of the microstructure is linear with the dot pitch, and the optical path is linear with the square of the dot pitch.
根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述微结构的直径以及所述实像到对向反射元件的光程之间的关系设计成，在所述光程选定时，使所述微结构的面积设计成与像源发出光线的波长成反比，和/或，使所述微结构的直径小于等于所述像源像素点阵的点距的一半。The method according to claim 5, wherein the relationship between the diameter of the microstructure and the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element is designed such that when the optical path is selected, the micro is made The area of the structure is designed to be inversely proportional to the wavelength at which the source emits light, and/or such that the diameter of the microstructure is less than or equal to half the pitch of the image source pixel lattice.
根据权利要求5-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，使预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离随着所述实像到对向反射元件的光程成线性关系。The method according to any one of claims 5-6, wherein the predetermined user observes the observed distance of the real image in a linear relationship with the optical path of the real image to the opposite reflecting element.
根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述像源像素点阵的点距这样选择，使得其与预设的用户观察所成实像的观察距离成正比。The method according to claim 7, wherein the dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice is selected such that it is proportional to a viewing distance of a real image observed by a preset user.
一种搭建用于空中成像的***的方法，该***包括像源、透反镜和对向反射元件，该对向反射元件包括大量用于对向反射的微结构，该方法包括：A method of constructing a system for aerial imaging, the system comprising an image source, a transflective mirror, and a retroreflective element comprising a plurality of microstructures for opposite reflection, the method comprising:

使像源、透反镜和对向反射元件形成如下这样的光路：像源发出的光线经过透反镜的反射，照射到对向反射元件上，光线在对向反射元件上发生反射后以相反方向沿原入射路径出射，透射过透反镜后形成实像；The image source, the transflective mirror and the counter-reflecting element are formed into an optical path such that the light emitted by the image source is reflected by the transflective mirror and is irradiated onto the opposite reflecting element, and the light is reflected on the opposite reflecting element to reverse The direction is emitted along the original incident path, and is transmitted through the transflective mirror to form a real image;

确定用户观察所成实像的观察距离；Determining the viewing distance of the real image observed by the user;

基于观察距离确定所述实像到对向反射元件的光程；其中所述光程随所述观察距离的增大而增大；Determining an optical path of the real image to the opposite reflective element based on the observed distance; wherein the optical path increases as the observed distance increases;

基于观察距离确定所述像源像素点阵的点距；其中所述点距随所述观察距离的增大而增大；Determining a dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice based on an observation distance; wherein the dot pitch increases as the observation distance increases;

基于所述点距确定所述微结构的直径；其中所述微结构的直径小于等于所述像源像素点阵的点距的一半。 Determining a diameter of the microstructure based on the dot pitch; wherein the diameter of the microstructure is less than or equal to one-half of a dot pitch of the image source pixel lattice.
根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述光程与所述观察距离成正比例，和/或所述点距与所述观察距离成正比例。 The method of claim 9 wherein said optical path is proportional to said viewing distance and/or said pitch is proportional to said viewing distance.