WO2018099315A1 - 一种站点关联方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种站点关联方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018099315A1
WO2018099315A1 PCT/CN2017/112592 CN2017112592W WO2018099315A1 WO 2018099315 A1 WO2018099315 A1 WO 2018099315A1 CN 2017112592 W CN2017112592 W CN 2017112592W WO 2018099315 A1 WO2018099315 A1 WO 2018099315A1
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Prior art keywords
channel
wake
load information
radio
target
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PCT/CN2017/112592
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
淦明
林梅露
贾嘉
杨讯
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP17877135.8A priority Critical patent/EP3537767B1/en
Publication of WO2018099315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018099315A1/zh
Priority to US16/423,717 priority patent/US10924991B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
    • H04W28/082—Load balancing or load distribution among bearers or channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/244—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update using a network of reference devices, e.g. beaconing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/246—Connectivity information discovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/20—Selecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0203—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks
    • H04W52/0206—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks in access points, e.g. base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/10—Access point devices adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/04—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
    • H04W92/10—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless network technologies, and in particular, to a site association method and apparatus.
  • WiFi Wireless Fidelity
  • the current traditional 802.11 protocol (802.11b/a/g/n/ac, etc.) is related to the solution.
  • the solution focuses on optimizing the device sleep strategy.
  • another technical way to reduce the waste of device idle listening energy is to use Low Power Wake Up Receiver (LP-WUR) (herein referred to as WUR).
  • LP-WUR Low Power Wake Up Receiver
  • the receiving device such as STA
  • WUR low-power wake-up receiver
  • the receiving device has a new low-power wake-up receiver (WUR) part, as shown in Figure 1, in addition to the traditional 802.11 transceiver (802.11 main radio, 802.11 main transceiver module, WiFi main transceiver module). It shows that when the 802.11 main transceiver module enters deep sleep, the low-power WUR wakes up and starts working. If other devices (such as the AP on the left side in Figure 1) need to communicate with devices with WUR and 802.11 primary transceiver modules (such as the STA on the right in Figure 1), the AP first sends a WUR wakeup frame (Wake Up Packet) to the WUR.
  • WUR wakeup frame Wike Up Packet
  • WUR correctly receives the WUP sent to itself and wakes up the STA's 802.11 master transceiver module and then goes to sleep itself.
  • the AP communicates with the awake 802.11 master transceiver module.
  • the 802.11 main transceiver module communicates with the AP, it will go to sleep.
  • the WUR wakes up and starts to listen to whether there is a WUP sent to itself to wake up the 802.11 main transceiver module.
  • the technology uses a low-power WUR instead of the 802.11 main transceiver module to listen to the channel when the medium is idle (the power consumption of the WUR listening/receiving state is expected to be about 0.1 to 1% of the 802.11 main transceiver module, that is, less than 100 uW). Can effectively reduce the waste of energy when the device idle listening.
  • one access point manages multiple sites, some sites are equipped with wake-up receiver WUR, and some sites are not equipped with wake-up receiver WUR.
  • the primary transceiver and the wake-up receiver may operate on different channels, that is, sometimes even if the primary transceiver is in a busy channel (where the busy channel includes busy due to virtual carrier sensing, including busy caused by physical carrier sensing) ), but the wake-up frame can still be sent to the station to be woken up. That is to say, the busy working channel of the main transceiver does not indicate that the station cannot send the wake-up frame at this time.
  • the channel on which the wake-up receiver operates has not been standardized.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method and a device for associating a station, and can notify the STA of the load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, so that the STA selects an appropriate AP for association.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for a site association, where the method is performed by a station STA, and the STA implements interaction with an access point AP, and the STA receives a message sent by at least one AP, and one AP corresponds to a message.
  • the message may be an 802.11 beacon frame, a probe response frame, a wake-up beacon frame, or the like, and the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP corresponding to the message.
  • the STA selects a target AP from the at least one AP for association according to load information in a message broadcast by each AP, and the target AP may be an AP that wakes up the radio channel.
  • an AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes at least one channel, and the AP is wide.
  • the load information in the broadcasted message is the channel usage rate of each channel in at least one channel managed by the AP.
  • the STA selects an idle target channel according to the channel usage rate of each channel in at least one channel managed by each AP, and associates with the target AP corresponding to the target channel.
  • the wake-up radio channel managed by an AP includes a primary channel and at least one secondary channel
  • the load information in the message broadcast by the AP is the channel usage rate of the primary channel associated with the AP and the The channel usage rate of each of the at least one secondary channel; or the load information in the message broadcast by the AP is the channel usage rate of the primary channel to which the AP is associated.
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes a primary channel, and the load information in the message broadcast by the AP is the channel usage rate of the primary channel, and it should be noted that the AP-managed wake-up radio
  • the channel includes a primary channel, which is the case where the AP manages one channel.
  • the wake-up radio channel managed by one AP includes a primary channel and at least one secondary channel, and the STA selects a target AP from at least one AP according to the channel usage rate of the primary channel in the message broadcast by each AP. Make an association.
  • the wake-up radio load information element in the wake-up frame broadcast by each AP further includes the number of stations equipped with the wake-up receiver associated with the AP.
  • the message broadcast by each AP further includes the longest sleep time information of the AP, such as 4 seconds, and the longest sleep time information may be encapsulated in the wake-up radio load information element of the message.
  • the device may be separately encapsulated in an element in the message.
  • the site may select the target AP from the at least one AP to associate according to the load information and the longest sleep time information in the message, for example, If the service period of the site is 2 seconds, the site will not select the site with the longest sleep time of 4 seconds to associate.
  • the message may include any of an 802.11 beacon frame and a wake-up beacon frame detection response frame.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a site association device, which is applied to an STA, where the site association device includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit, where the transceiver unit is configured to receive a message broadcast by at least one access point AP, The message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, and the processing unit is configured to select, according to the load information, from the at least one AP The target AP is associated.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a site association apparatus, which is applied to an STA, where the site association apparatus includes a memory for storing computer executable program code, a transceiver, and a processor, and the memory and the transceiver Coupler
  • the program code includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the site association device to: receive a message broadcast by at least one access point AP, the message carrying a wake-up radio a load information element, the wake-up radio load information element including load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP; and selecting a target AP from the at least one AP for association according to the load information.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions used by the site association device of the second aspect, which includes a program designed to execute the first aspect.
  • the STA receives a message broadcast by at least one AP, where the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, STA The target AP is selected from the at least one AP for association according to the load information. In this manner, the STA may be notified of the load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, so that the STA selects an appropriate AP for association.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low power consumption receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional signal monitoring and sleep strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame of a wake-up frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic structural diagram of another frame of a wake-up frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3c is a site wake-up procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of another application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for site association according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a wake-up radio load information element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of another wake-up radio load information element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of still another wake-up radio load information element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a site association apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9b is a schematic structural diagram of another site association apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • a WLAN may include multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs).
  • BSSs Basic Service Sets
  • the network nodes in the BSS are sites.
  • the sites include access point-type sites (Access Point, AP) and non-access point-type sites (English: None).
  • Access Point Station (Non-AP STA) each basic service set may include one AP and multiple Non-AP STAs associated with the AP.
  • STAs in the embodiments of the present invention all refer to non-
  • the APs in the embodiments of the present invention refer to the sites of the access class.
  • Access point class sites also known as wireless access points or hotspots.
  • the AP is an access point for mobile users to enter the wired network. It is mainly deployed in the home, inside the building, and inside the campus. The typical coverage radius is tens of meters to hundreds of meters. Of course, it can also be deployed outdoors.
  • An AP is equivalent to a bridge connecting a wired network and a wireless network. Its main function is to connect the wireless network clients together and then connect the wireless network to the Ethernet.
  • the AP may be a terminal device or a network device with a WiFi (English: Wireless Fidelity) chip.
  • the AP may be a device supporting the 802.11ax system. Further, the AP may be a device supporting multiple WLAN technologies such as 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.
  • Non-AP STA A non-access point class (English: None Access Point Station, referred to as Non-AP STA), which can be a wireless communication chip, a wireless sensor, or a wireless communication terminal.
  • mobile phone with support for WiFi communication support A tablet with WiFi communication function, a set-top box supporting WiFi communication function, a smart TV supporting WiFi communication function, a smart wearable device supporting WiFi communication function, an in-vehicle communication device supporting WiFi communication function, and a computer supporting WiFi communication function.
  • the STA can support the 802.11ax system.
  • the station supports multiple WLAN systems such as 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.
  • the IEEE 802.11 working group is preparing for the research and development of the 802.11 standard with low power Wake Up Receiver (LP-WUR) as the core technology to reduce power consumption.
  • LP-WUR Low power Wake Up Receiver
  • the 802.11 standard was established in June 2016 in the IEEE (Study Group, Learning Group). It is expected that the TG (Task Group) will be established by the end of 2016. The project is referred to as WUR.
  • the device such as workstation, STA, Station
  • the Sleep Schedule is introduced in the second time axis of FIG. 2, so that the STA can enter Deep Sleep when there is no data transmission and reception, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the continuous idle listening.
  • the STA when the STA is in deep sleep, the AP cannot communicate with the STA, and only after the STA wakes up can the transmission be between the two, which may cause a certain delay.
  • the STA In order to avoid the high latency caused by the dormancy mechanism, the STA usually wakes up from time to time to check whether there is data to receive, but this reduces the sleep efficiency of the STA (from time to time but no useful data needs to be sent and received, longer) Time sleep consumes more energy).
  • WUR low-power wake-up receiver
  • the AP If other devices (such as the AP on the left side of the figure) need to communicate with the device with the WUR and 802.11 primary transceiver module (the STA on the right side in the figure), the AP first sends a WUR wakeup frame (WUP, Wake Up Packet, Also known as the wake-up packet, the WUR correctly receives the WUP sent to itself and wakes up the STA's 802.11 master transceiver module and then goes to sleep itself, and the AP communicates with the awake 802.11 master transceiver module. When the 802.11 main transceiver module communicates with the AP, it will go to sleep. At the same time, the WUR wakes up and starts to listen to whether there is a WUP sent to itself to wake up the 802.11 main transceiver module.
  • WUP Wake Up Packet
  • the WUR correctly receives the WUP sent to itself and wakes up the STA's 802.11 master transceiver module and then goes to sleep itself, and the
  • the technology uses a low-power WUR instead of the 802.11 main transceiver module to listen to the channel when the medium is idle (the power consumption of the WUR listening/receiving state is expected to be about 0.1 to 1% of the 802.11 main transceiver module, that is, less than 100 uW). Can effectively reduce the waste of energy when the device idle listening.
  • WUR In order to achieve low power consumption, WUR needs to be simpler and less complicated in terms of circuit structure and frame structure design (such as WUP).
  • the WUR circuit structure may only include energy detection and radio frequency (RF) components, so it is impossible to demodulate some complex modulation methods.
  • the WUP may adopt a simple On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation method, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK).
  • OOK On-Off Keying
  • BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
  • FSK Frequency Shift Keying
  • a possible WUP frame structure is shown in Figure 3a.
  • the front is Legacy 802.11 preamble (traditional 802.11 pilot), which can be understood by other surrounding 802.11 devices.
  • the peripheral 802.11 device that hears the pilot does not Will preempt the channel), used to protect the subsequent part of the wake-up frame will not be interfered by the traditional 802.11 device.
  • the part of the payload (payload) of the WUP is OOK modulation, which can only be understood by WUR.
  • This part may include Wake-Up Preamble (for identifying WUP signals), MAC Header (including WUR ID for distinguishing different WURs), frame body (frame carrier, which can carry some other information), FCS (Frame) Check Sequence, a frame check sequence, is used to ensure that the received data is the same as the data sent.
  • the WUR ID information may be a partial or complete site association identifier, or an identifier of the WUR to which the AP allocates the site, or a receiving MAC address or a partial receiving MAC address of the site, or other information that can distinguish WURs of different sites.
  • the WUR payload portion may be narrowband transmission, that is, different from the 802.11 conventional preamble transmitted based on the 20M bandwidth for the basic unit, for example, the narrowband may be 1M, 2M, 4M, 8M, 16M, and the like.
  • the WUR payload portion can also be based on a 20M bandwidth based transmission.
  • Figure 3b shows another possible WUP frame structure, which includes an 802.11 traditional preamble, a wake-up preamble, and a signaling field (used to carry some physical layer signaling, such as AP identity, WUR ID, modulation and coding indication, etc.) , MAC header, frame body, frame check sequence.
  • 802.11 traditional preamble
  • a wake-up preamble a wake-up preamble
  • a signaling field used to carry some physical layer signaling, such as AP identity, WUR ID, modulation and coding indication, etc.
  • MAC header such as AP identity, WUR ID, modulation and coding indication, etc.
  • the AP sends a wake-up frame to a single station STA.
  • the STA After receiving the wake-up frame, the STA sends a PS-Poll frame or an acknowledgement frame to the AP, telling the AP that it has woken up, and then the AP. Reply to the ACK frame or directly transmit the data frame to the STA.
  • the AP can directly send a data frame to the station directly after the STA is woken up, without waiting for the STA to send a PS-Poll frame.
  • the STA's primary transceiver and the wake-up receiver may work on different channels
  • the STA's wake-up receiver receives the wake-up frame sent by the AP on the wake-up radio channel
  • the STA's main transceiver is in the main transceiver. Data is transmitted and received between the channel and the AP.
  • One AP manages multiple STAs, some STAs are equipped with wake-up receivers, and some STAs are not equipped with wake-up receivers.
  • the primary transceiver channel where the primary transceiver is located is busy, it cannot be said that the AP cannot send the wake-up frame at this time, because the wake-up frame is transmitted on the wake-up radio channel.
  • the channel busy includes the virtual carrier sensing.
  • the channel is busy, that is, the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) is set by the previous frame, and the channel caused by physical carrier sensing is also busy, that is, the actual detected channel is busy.
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • a STA may be in the coverage of multiple APs. As shown in FIG. 4a, the STA may be in the coverage of two APs, and the STA may select any one of the APs to perform association, and the communication may be the primary transmission and reception of the STA.
  • the machine communicates with the AP, and the STA wake-up receiver can communicate with the AP.
  • the embodiment of the present invention mainly describes how an STA equipped with a wake-up receiver selects an appropriate AP for association according to load information of a wake-up radio channel managed by each AP.
  • the figure includes two APs.
  • the number of STAs equipped with a wake-up receiver associated with one AP is 10, the BSS load is 70%, and the number of STAs equipped with wake-up receivers associated with another AP is 5, BSS.
  • the load is 70%, and the BSS load is the load of the primary transceiver channel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention mainly provides a new wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, and the STA may select an appropriate AP to perform association according to the load information of the wake-up radio channel. Thereby wake up radio communication with the AP.
  • each STA may include the structure shown in FIG. 1 , that is, the 802.11 primary transceiver module and the LP-WUR module are included at the same time, and the LP-WUR module is configured to receive the wake-up frame sent by the AP, and transmit and receive the 802.11 master transceiver. The module wakes up.
  • the wake-up radio channel mentioned in the following embodiments includes at least one channel, each channel is a wake-up receiver channel, and the wake-up radio channel mentioned in the following embodiments includes a primary channel and at least one secondary channel.
  • the primary channel is the wake-up receiver primary channel
  • each secondary channel is the wake-up receiver secondary channel.
  • the STA is the main body of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the site association method in the embodiment of the present invention includes steps S100-S101;
  • S100 Receive a message broadcast by at least one access point AP, where the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of a wake-up radio channel managed by the AP;
  • the STA may select one target AP from the at least one AP for association within the coverage of the at least one AP.
  • the at least one AP sends a message, and an AP may broadcast the message in a certain period or send the message in a unicast manner.
  • the message is a broadcast frame structure, for example, the message may include an 802.11 beacon frame, a probe response frame, a wake-up beacon frame, and the like; the message is a unicast frame structure, for example, the message may include a probe response frame. That is, the probe response frame is sent to the STA in a unicast manner.
  • each message carrying a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes wake-up radio information of the AP, such as load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, The number of STAs associated with the AP that are equipped with wake-up receivers, and the like.
  • the wake-up radio load information element is carried in an 802.11 frame, and may adopt an element form in an 802.11 frame structure, that is, an element ID+length, but if it is carried in a wake-up frame, it may be in an 802.11-like frame structure.
  • the element form exists, or may exist in other encapsulation manners.
  • the wake-up radio load information element has no element ID+ length, but instead is of type type, and the encapsulation form for waking up the radio load information element is not limited in the present invention.
  • the encapsulation form of the element of the maximum sleep duration of the AP mentioned in the following embodiments is not limited in the present invention.
  • the STA may select a target AP from the at least one AP for association according to the received load information in the radio load information element of the received message of the at least one AP, for example, selecting one of the at least one AP, and A target AP that has a better quality of the wake-up radio channel is associated. If the STA is associated with the target AP, the AP may perform wake-up radio communication with the target AP. For example, the AP sends a wake-up frame to the STA, or may perform 802.11 radio communication with the target AP.
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes at least one channel, and the channel occupied by each STA (usually a narrow band) is fixed and may be different.
  • the fixed here refers to being fixed for a period of time, such as When a transformation is encountered, there is a process of switching channels. For example, if the AP manages three channels, channel 1, channel 2, and channel 3, it is possible that STA1 occupies channel 1, and STA2 occupies channel 2.
  • each STA may perform wake-up radio communication with the AP on each occupied channel by means of time division multiplexing or frequency division multiplexing, and multiple sites may Share one channel, even all stations share one channel.
  • the load information in the wake-up radio load information element may be the channel usage rate of each channel in the at least one channel.
  • the STA selects the target AP according to the load information for association, the STA may select the target channel according to the load information, for example, the target channel is relatively idle. Or, the target channel is relatively idle and the channel quality is good, and the STA is associated with the target AP corresponding to the target channel. It should be noted that the STA may also select the target AP according to the channel usage rate of each channel for association based on other built-in algorithms. .
  • the message sent by the AP may include a BSS load element, an extended BSS load element, and a wake-up radio load information element, where the load information element is a traditional load element.
  • the method may include an element ID (identifier) for identifying the element as a load information element, a length: indicating a length of the load information element, a number of stations: a number of stations associated with the AP, and a host of the primary transceiver. The usage rate of the transceiver channel.
  • the extended load information element is a new element in 802.11ac, and the extended load information element may include an element ID (identifier) for identifying the element as an extended load information element, and a length: indicating a length of the extended load information element; Number of stations supporting multi-user multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO): used to indicate the number of users supporting DLMU-MIMO receiving 801.11ac in the BSS; spatial stream unused rate: Used to indicate the spatial stream utilization when the primary 20MHz channel occupied by the primary transceiver is busy; the secondary 20MHz usage rate: used to indicate the utilization of the secondary 20MHz channel, and calculate the channel of the formula and the load information element.
  • element ID identifier
  • MU-MIMO multi-user multiple input and multiple output
  • (primary 20MHz) utilization is similar; secondary 40MHz usage: used to indicate the utilization of the secondary 40MHz channel, the calculation formula is similar to the channel (primary 20MHz) utilization of the load information element; the secondary 80MHz usage rate: used to indicate the secondary 80MHz channel The utilization rate is calculated similarly to the channel (primary 20MHz) utilization of the load information element.
  • the wake-up radio load information element is as shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 includes the number of STAs equipped with the wake-up receiver associated with the AP corresponding to the message, and the channel usage rate of the n channels, where n indicates that the AP manages a total of n channels.
  • the channel usage rate for each channel is:
  • the beacon frame interval may be the interval of the wake-up beacon frame sent by the AP, or may be the interval of the 802.11 beacon frame.
  • the beacon frame interval is in units of time units (TUs), and the length of each TU is 1024 microseconds, in addition, the above formula is calculated by occupying one byte of channel usage, so the formula is multiplied by 255, and [01] is extended to [0255].
  • the wake-up beacon frame has a similar structure to the 802.11 beacon frame, and is constructed in the form of element concatenation, but the wake-up beacon frame is periodically broadcasted except for the 802.11 frame, and contains the corresponding wake-up radio parameters, and is used to assist with the wake-up receiver.
  • the main transceiver of one STA can work normally after waking up.
  • the wake-up beacon frame still needs to carry the key BSS parameters or change indication bits of the BSS where the primary transceiver is located, and further wake-up the beacon frame can also carry the time parameter. Synchronize the STA with the AP on the clock.
  • the interval of the 802.11 beacon frame is in TU, but the wake-up beacon frame interval may not be in TU, so the denominator's 1024 should be changed accordingly to the time contained in the wake-up beacon frame interval.
  • the channel usage parameter in the 802.11 beacon frame occupies one byte. If the channel usage parameter is in the wake-up beacon frame, the channel usage parameter is not occupied. For a byte, such as 2 bits, then 255 in the above formula should be replaced with 3, if it is 4 bits, then 255 in the above formula should be replaced with 15; if it is 6 bits, then 255 in the above formula should be replaced with 31.
  • the wake-up radio load information element may further include an element ID for identifying the element as a wake-up radio load information element, and a length: indicating a length of the wake-up radio load information element.
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes a primary channel and at least one secondary channel, and a channel (usually a narrow band) in which each STA wakes up the receiver is fixed, and wake-up reception of all STAs
  • the main channel of the machine works is the same, but the AP can expand the channel bandwidth according to the actual service demand and network load.
  • the main channel that wakes up the receiver works is mainly 5MHz, but can be extended to 10MHz, 20MHz channel.
  • the main channel is mainly 4MHz, but can be extended to 8MHz, 16MHz channel. It should be noted that if there is only one channel for the wake-up receiver to work, the primary channel is the fixed channel.
  • the wake-up radio load information element in the message includes the number of STAs equipped with the wake-up receiver that the AP corresponding to the message has been associated with, the channel usage rate of the primary channel 1, the channel usage rate of the secondary channel 1, and the secondary channel. 2 channel usage rate, etc., up to the channel usage rate of the secondary channel n, the STA can select the target AP to associate according to the channel usage rate of the primary channel and the channel usage rate of the secondary channel, that is, select an idle target AP to perform Association, or, the STA may select the target AP for association only according to the channel usage rate of the primary channel.
  • the wake-up radio load information element in the message only includes the channel usage rate of the primary channel 1, and the STA may select the target AP to associate according to the channel usage rate of the primary channel 1, that is, select an idle target AP for association.
  • the wake-up radio load information element includes only the channel usage rate of one channel.
  • channel usage rate of the primary channel and the channel usage rate formula of the secondary channel in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as the channel usage rate in the above embodiment.
  • the wake-up radio load information element may further include an element ID for identifying the element as a wake-up radio load information element, and a length: indicating a length of the wake-up radio load information element.
  • the STA is equipped with a wake-up receiver.
  • the AP may also be equipped with a wake-up receiver. Based on the energy-saving requirement, the AP sleeps for a period of time. If the sleep time is too long, it will not meet the business needs of some STAs. For example, if the AP sleeps for 4 seconds and the STA's service period is 2 seconds, the AP cannot meet the STA's service requirements.
  • the AP may carry the longest sleep time information of the AP, and the longest sleep time information may be placed in the wake-up radio load information element of the message, or may be placed in another independent element.
  • FIG. 8 it is a schematic diagram of an element structure for encapsulating the longest sleep time information, which may be a wake-up radio load information element, or the element may be other independent elements. .
  • the unrelated STA After receiving the longest sleep time information, the unrelated STA determines whether the AP's longest sleep time meets its own service requirements, and then selects an appropriate target AP.
  • the STA may select an appropriate target AP according to the maximum sleep time of the AP and the load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP.
  • the STA when selecting the appropriate AP association, the STA still needs to consider the load information element and expand the information carried by the load information element.
  • the STA receives a message broadcast by at least one AP, where the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, and the STA according to the load information, from the at least Selecting a target AP for association in an AP may notify the STA of the load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, so that the STA selects an appropriate AP for association.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a site association device, which may be the STA described in the foregoing method in FIG. 5, or may be another device capable of implementing the action of the STA in the foregoing method in FIG. 5.
  • a site association device which may be the STA described in the foregoing method in FIG. 5, or may be another device capable of implementing the action of the STA in the foregoing method in FIG. 5.
  • the site association device may include: a transceiver unit 100 and a processing unit 101, where:
  • the transceiver unit 100 is configured to receive a message sent by at least one access point AP, where the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP;
  • the processing unit 101 is configured to select a target AP from the at least one AP to perform association according to the load information.
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes at least one channel, and the load information is a channel usage rate of each channel in the at least one channel;
  • the processing unit 101 according to the load information, selecting a target AP from the at least one AP for association, specifically includes:
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes a primary channel and at least one secondary channel;
  • the load information includes a channel usage rate of the primary channel and a channel usage rate of each secondary channel of the at least one secondary channel;
  • the load information includes a channel usage rate of the primary channel.
  • the processing unit 101 selects a target AP from the at least one AP to perform association according to the load information, and specifically includes:
  • the wake-up radio load information element further includes a number of sites associated with the AP that are equipped with wake-up receivers.
  • the message further includes the longest sleep time information of the AP
  • the processing unit 101 selects a target AP from the at least one AP to perform association according to the load information, and specifically includes:
  • the above message includes any one of an 802.11 beacon frame, a wake-up beacon frame, and a probe response frame.
  • the apparatus may include: a transceiver 1001 and a processor 1002.
  • the processor 1002 is configured to control the operation of the apparatus, including transmitting (including receiving and/or transmitting) data through the transceiver 1001.
  • a memory 1003 may be further included, and the memory 1003 may include a read only memory and a random access memory. Instructions and data are provided to processor 1002.
  • the memory 1003 can be integrated into the processor 1002 or can be independent of the processor 1002.
  • a portion of the memory 1003 may also include non-volatile line random access memory (NVRAM).
  • NVRAM non-volatile line random access memory
  • bus system 1009 includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data bus.
  • bus system 1009 includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data bus.
  • bus system 1009 various buses are labeled as bus system 1009 in the figure.
  • the flow disclosed in FIG. 5 of the embodiment of the present application may be applied to the processor 1002 or implemented by the processor 1002.
  • each step of the process implemented by the device may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1002 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the processor 1002 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic device, and a discrete hardware component, which can be implemented or executed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a general purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method of FIG.
  • the software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1003, and the processor 1002 reads the information in the memory 1003, and completes the steps of the instruction flow of the embodiment of the present invention in combination with the hardware thereof.
  • the device when it is a user equipment STA, it may further include an input device, such as a keyboard, an output device, such as a display screen, and the like, and details are not described herein.
  • an input device such as a keyboard
  • an output device such as a display screen
  • the transceiver 1001 is configured to receive a message sent by at least one access point AP, where the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of a wake-up radio channel managed by the AP;
  • the processor 1002 is configured to select a target AP from the at least one AP to perform association according to the load information.
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes at least one channel, and the load information is a channel usage rate of each channel in the at least one channel;
  • the processor 1002 is further configured to select an idle target channel according to a channel usage rate of each channel in the at least one channel, and associate with a target AP corresponding to the target channel.
  • the AP-managed wake-up radio channel includes a primary channel and at least one secondary channel;
  • the load information includes a channel usage rate of the primary channel and a channel usage rate of each secondary channel of the at least one secondary channel;
  • the load information includes a channel usage rate of the primary channel.
  • the processor 1002 is further configured to select a target AP from the at least one AP for association according to a channel usage rate of the primary channel in the load information.
  • the wake-up radio load information element further includes a number of stations associated with the AP that are equipped with wake-up receivers.
  • the message further includes the longest sleep time information of the AP
  • the processor 1002 is further configured to select a target AP from the at least one AP for association according to the load information and the longest sleep time information.
  • the above message includes any one of an 802.11 beacon frame, a wake-up beacon frame, and a probe response frame.
  • the STA receives a message broadcast by at least one AP, where the message carries a wake-up radio load information element, where the wake-up radio load information element includes load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, and the STA according to the load information, from the at least Selecting a target AP for association in an AP may notify the STA of the load information of the wake-up radio channel managed by the AP, so that the STA selects an appropriate AP for association.
  • system and “network” are used interchangeably herein.
  • the term “and/or” in this context is merely an association describing the associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which may indicate that A exists separately, and both A and B exist, respectively. B these three situations.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual object is an "or" relationship.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B from A does not mean that B is only determined based on A, and that B can also be determined based on A and/or other information.
  • at least one of A, B, or C means that at least one of the sets (A, B, C), such as A, B, C, A, and B, A and C, is selected. B and C, or, A and B and C, etc.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some transceivers, devices or units, or an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processor, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit is It can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • Computer readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another.
  • a storage medium may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • computer readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage media or other magnetic storage device, or can be used for carrying or storing in the form of an instruction or data structure.
  • connection may suitably be a computer readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital STA line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • coaxial cable , fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless, and microwave are included in the fixing of the associated media.
  • a disk and a disc include a compact disc (CD), a laser disc, a compact disc, a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, and a Blu-ray disc, wherein the disc is usually magnetically copied, and the disc is The laser is used to optically replicate the data. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of the computer readable media.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the present invention has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (system), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or FIG.
  • the computer program instructions can be provided to a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of other programmable data processing device such that instructions executed by a processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device can be implemented in a flowchart
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种站点关联方法及装置，该站点关联方法包括：接收至少一个接入点AP发送的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。采用本发明实施例，可以向STA通知AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，使得STA选择合适的AP进行关联。

Description

一种站点关联方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及无线网络技术领域，尤其涉及一种站点关联方法及装置。
背景技术
在无线保真(Wireless Fidelity，WiFi)网络中，设备相当一部分能量浪费在无接收信号时的监听(idle listening)，当前传统802.11协议(802.11b/a/g/n/ac等)中相关解决方案集中在优化设备休眠策略。除了优化休眠策略外，减少设备idle listening能量浪费的另一条技术途径是使用低功耗唤醒接收机(Low Power Wake Up Receiver，LP-WUR)(这里简称为WUR)。其思路是接收端设备(如STA)除包含传统802.11收发端(802.11main radio，802.11主收发模块，WiFi主收发模块)外，新增低功耗唤醒接收机(WUR)部分，如图1所示，当802.11主收发模块进入深度休眠后，低功耗的WUR苏醒开始工作。如果其他设备(如图1中左侧的AP)需要与带有WUR和802.11主收发模块的设备(如图1中右侧的STA)通信，AP首先给WUR发送WUR唤醒帧(Wake Up Packet，WUP)，WUR正确收到发给自己的WUP后唤醒STA的802.11主收发模块然后自己转入休眠，AP则与苏醒的802.11主收发模块进行通信。当802.11主收发模块与AP通信完成后会进入休眠，同时WUR苏醒又开始侦听是否有发送给自己的WUP，以便唤醒802.11主收发模块。
该技术采用了低功耗的WUR代替802.11主收发模块在媒介空闲时侦听信道(这里期望WUR侦听/接收状态的能耗约为802.11主收发模块的0.1～1％，即小于100uW)，能够有效降低设备idle listening时能量的浪费。
通常来说，一个接入点(Access Point，AP)管理多个站点，有些站点配备唤醒接收机WUR，有些站点未配备唤醒接收机WUR。主收发机与唤醒接收机可能工作在不同的信道上，也就是说，有时即使主收发机所在信道忙(这里信道忙包括由于虚拟载波侦听导致的忙，也包括物理载波侦听导致的忙)，但是仍可发送唤醒帧给待被唤醒的站点。也就说，主收发机工作信道忙并不能说明站点此时不能发送唤醒帧。现有技术中，还未对唤醒接收机所工作的信道进行规范。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种站点关联方法及装置，可以向STA通知AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，使得STA选择合适的AP进行关联。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种站点关联方法，该方法由站点STA执行，并由该STA实现与接入点AP的交互，STA接收至少一个AP发送的消息，一个AP对应一个消息，该消息可以是802.11信标帧，探测响应帧，唤醒信标帧等等，该消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括该消息对应AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，STA根据各个AP所广播的消息中的负载信息，从上述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，该目标AP可以是唤醒无线电信道空闲的AP。
在一种可能的设计中，一个AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道，则该AP广 播的消息中的负载信息为该AP所管理的至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率。
在另一种可能的设计中，STA根据各个AP所管理的至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率，选择一个空闲的目标信道，并与该目标信道对应的目标AP进行关联。
在另一种可能的设计中，一个AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道，则该AP广播的消息中的负载信息为该AP所关联的主信道的信道使用率和该至少一个次信道中每个次信道的信道使用率；或者，该AP广播的消息中的负载信息为该AP所关联的主信道的信道使用率。
在另一种可能的设计中，一个AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道，则该AP广播的消息中的负载信息为该主信道的信道使用率，需要说明的是，该AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括一个主信道即是该AP管理一个信道的情形。
在另一种可能的设计中，一个AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道，STA根据各个AP所广播的消息中主信道的信道使用率，从至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
在另一种可能的设计中，各个AP所广播的唤醒帧中的唤醒无线电负载信息元素还包括关联到该AP的配备唤醒接收机的站点的数目。
在另一种可能的设计中，各个AP所广播的消息还包括该AP的最长睡眠时间信息，比如可以是4秒，该最长睡眠时间信息可以封装在消息的唤醒无线电负载信息元素中，也可以是单独封装在消息中的一个元素中，站点在选择目标AP进行关联时，可以同时根据消息中的负载信息和最长睡眠时间信息，从该至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，比如站点的业务周期是2秒，则该站点不会选择最长睡眠时间是4秒的站点进行关联。
在另一种可能的设计中，消息可以包括802.11信标帧、唤醒信标帧探测响应帧中的任意一种。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种站点关联装置，应用于STA，该站点关联装置包括收发单元和处理单元，所述收发单元，用于接收至少一个接入点AP广播的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；所述处理单元，用于根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种站点关联装置，应用于STA，该站点关联装置包括存储器，用于存储计算机可执行程序代码；收发器，以及处理器，与所述存储器和所述收发器耦合；
其中所述程序代码包括指令，当所述处理器执行所述指令时，所述指令使所述站点关联装置执行以下操作：接收至少一个接入点AP广播的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，用于储存为上述第二方面站点关联装置所用的计算机软件指令，其包含用于执行上述第一方面所设计的程序。
本发明实施例中，STA接收至少一个AP广播的消息，该消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，STA 根据负载信息，从该至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，这种方式可以向STA通知AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，使得STA选择合适的AP进行关联。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种低功耗接收机可能的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种传统信号监听与休眠策略示意图；
图3a是本发明实施例提供的一种唤醒帧的帧结构示意图；
图3b是本发明实施例提供的另一种唤醒帧的帧结构示意图；
图3c是本发明实施例提供的一种站点唤醒过程；
图4a是本发明实施例提供的一种应用场景示意图；
图4b是本发明实施例提供的另一种应用场景示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种站点关联方法的流程图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的一种唤醒无线电负载信息元素的结构图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的另一种唤醒无线电负载信息元素的结构图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的又一种唤醒无线电负载信息元素的结构图；
图9a是本发明实施例提供的一种站点关联装置的结构示意图；
图9b是本发明实施例提供的另一种站点关联装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图对本发明实施例进行描述。
本发明实施例可以应用于无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network，WLAN)，目前WLAN采用的标准为IEEE(英文：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，中文：电气和电子工程师协会)802.11系列。WLAN可以包括多个基本服务集(Basic Service Set，BSS)，BSS中的网络节点为站点，站点包括接入点类的站点(Access Point，AP)和非接入点类的站点(英文：None Access Point Station，简称：Non-AP STA)，每个基本服务集可以包含一个AP和多个关联于该AP的Non-AP STA，需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中的STA均指非接入类的站点，本发明实施例中的AP均指接入类的站点。
接入点类站点，也称之为无线访问接入点或热点等。AP是移动用户进入有线网络的接入点，主要部署于家庭、大楼内部以及园区内部，典型覆盖半径为几十米至上百米，当然，也可以部署于户外。AP相当于一个连接有线网和无线网的桥梁，其主要作用是将各个无线网络客户端连接到一起，然后将无线网络接入以太网。具体地，AP可以是带有WiFi(英文：Wireless Fidelity，中文：无线保真)芯片的终端设备或者网络设备。可选地，AP可以为支持802.11ax制式的设备，进一步可选地，该AP可以为支持802.11ac、802.11n、802.11g、802.11b及802.11a等多种WLAN制式的设备。
非接入点类的站点(英文：None Access Point Station，简称：Non-AP STA)，可以是无线通讯芯片、无线传感器或无线通信终端。例如：支持WiFi通讯功能的移动电话、支持 WiFi通讯功能的平板电脑、支持WiFi通讯功能的机顶盒、支持WiFi通讯功能的智能电视、支持WiFi通讯功能的智能可穿戴设备、支持WiFi通讯功能的车载通信设备和支持WiFi通讯功能的计算机。可选地，STA可以支持802.11ax制式，进一步可选地，该站点支持802.11ac、802.11n、802.11g、802.11b及802.11a等多种WLAN制式。
随着无线局域网WLAN标准的演进，IEEE802.11工作组正在筹备以低功耗唤醒接收机(Low Power Wake Up Receiver，LP-WUR)为核心技术用以降低功耗的802.11标准研究和制定工作。所述802.11标准已于2016年6月在IEEE成立SG(Study Group，学习组)，预计2016年年底成立TG(Task Group，工作组)，项目简称为WUR。
在WiFi网络中，设备相当一部分能量浪费在无接收信号时的监听(idle listening)，当前传统802.11协议(802.11b/a/g/n/ac等)中相关解决方案集中在优化设备休眠策略。如图2第一个时间轴所示，当设备(如工作站，STA，Station)没有消息收发时(如No data阶段)，若持续监听信道(即idle listening)将会消耗可观的能量。因此图2第二个时间轴中引入了休眠机制(Sleep Schedule)，使得STA在无数据收发时可以进入深度休眠(Deep Sleep)，以减少持续idle listening的能耗。但是当STA处于深度休眠时AP无法与STA通信，只有等到STA苏醒后两者之间才能进行传输，这可能会导致一定的时延(latency)。为了避免休眠机制导致的高时延，STA通常会遵循一定的休眠策略不时醒来检查有无数据需要接收，然而这又降低了STA的休眠效率(不时苏醒但没有有用数据需要收发，相较长时间休眠会消耗更多能量)。
除了优化休眠策略外，减少设备idle listening能量浪费的另一条技术途径是使用LP-WUR(这里简称为WUR)。其思路是接收端设备(如STA)除包含传统802.11收发端(802.11main radio，802.11主收发模块，WiFi主收发模块)外，新增低功耗唤醒接收机(WUR)部分，如图1所示，当802.11主收发模块进入深度休眠后，低功耗的WUR苏醒开始工作。如果其他设备(如图中左侧的AP)需要与带有WUR和802.11主收发模块的设备(如图中右侧的STA)通信，AP首先给WUR发送WUR唤醒帧(WUP，Wake Up Packet，又称为唤醒分组)，WUR正确收到发给自己的WUP后唤醒STA的802.11主收发模块然后自己转入休眠，AP则与苏醒的802.11主收发模块进行通信。当802.11主收发模块与AP通信完成后会进入休眠，同时WUR苏醒又开始侦听是否有发送给自己的WUP，以便唤醒802.11主收发模块。
该技术采用了低功耗的WUR代替802.11主收发模块在媒介空闲时侦听信道(这里期望WUR侦听/接收状态的能耗约为802.11主收发模块的0.1～1％，即小于100uW)，能够有效降低设备idle listening时能量的浪费。
而WUR为了实现低功耗，其电路构造、帧结构设计(如WUP)等需要较为简单、以及低复杂度。比如WUR电路结构可能仅仅包含能量检测(energy detect)和射频(RF，radio frequency)部分，因此无法解调一些复杂的调制方式。为此WUP可能采用实现简单的二进制振幅键控(On-Off Keying，OOK)调制方式，二进制相移键控(Binary Phase Shift Keying，BPSK)或频移键控(Frequency Shift Keying，FSK)。
而一种可能的WUP帧结构如图3a所示，前面为Legacy 802.11preamble(传统802.11先导)，可以被周边其他802.11设备听懂(听到该先导的周边802.11设备在一段时间内不 会抢占信道)，用来保护唤醒帧后续部分不会被传统802.11设备干扰。后面为WUP的payload(有效载荷)部分，采用OOK调制，只有WUR才能听懂。该部分可能包括唤醒先导(Wake-Up Preamble，用于识别WUP信号)、MAC Header(包括WUR ID，用于区分不同的WUR)、frame body(帧载体，可承载一些其他信息)，FCS(Frame Check Sequence，帧校验序列，用来确保收到的数据与发送时的数据一样)。这里WUR ID信息可以是部分或者完整的站点关联标识，或AP分配该站点的WUR的标识，或者站点的接收MAC地址或者部分接收MAC地址，或其他可以区分不同站点的WUR的信息。另外，WUR负载部分可以为窄带传输，即与基于20M带宽为基本单元传输的802.11传统前导码不同，比如说该窄带可以1M，2M，4M，8M，16M等。WUR负载部分也可以基于基于20M带宽为基本单元传输。
图3b显示了另一种可能的WUP帧结构，它包括802.11传统前导码，唤醒前导码，信令字段(用来携带一些物理层信令，比如AP标识，WUR ID，调制与编码指示等)，MAC头，帧体，帧校验序列。
在具体的唤醒无线电通信过程中，如图3c所示，AP发送唤醒帧给单个站点STA，STA收到唤醒帧后，发送PS-Poll帧或者确认帧给AP，告诉AP已醒来，然后AP回复ACK帧或者直接传送数据帧给该STA。另外，AP也可以直接在STA被唤醒后，直接发送数据帧给该站点，而无需等候该STA发送PS-Poll帧。
在实际应用场景中，STA的主收发机与唤醒接收机可能工作在不同的信道上，STA的唤醒接收机在唤醒无线电信道上接收AP发送的唤醒帧，而STA的主收发机则在主收发信道上与AP之间进行数据收发。
一个AP管理多个STA，有些STA配备唤醒接收机，有些STA未配备唤醒接收机。有时即使主收发机所在的主收发信道忙，也不能说明AP此时不能发送唤醒帧，因为唤醒帧在唤醒无线电信道上面进行传输，需要说明的是，这里信道忙包括由于虚拟载波侦听导致的信道忙，即被先前帧设置网络分配向量(Network Allocation Vector，NAV)，也包括物理载波侦听导致的信道忙，即实际检测信道为忙。
一个STA可能在多个AP的覆盖范围内，如图4a所示，该STA在两个AP的覆盖范围内，STA可以选择任意一个AP进行关联，从而进行通信，该通信可以是STA的主收发机与AP进行通信，也可以是STA的唤醒接收机与AP进行通信。本发明实施例主要阐述配备唤醒接收机的STA如何根据各个AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，选择合适的AP进行关联。
如图4a所示，该图中包括两个AP，一个AP关联的配备唤醒接收机的STA数目为10，BSS负载为70％，另一个AP关联的配备唤醒接收机的STA数目为5，BSS负载为70％，BSS负载为主收发信道的负载。本发明实施例主要提出一种新的唤醒无线电负载信息元素，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括该AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，STA可以根据唤醒无线电信道的负载信息选择合适的AP进行关联，从而与AP之间进行唤醒无线电通信。
当STA根据AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息选择目标AP进行关联后，即可进行通信，如图4b所示，即为一个典型的STA关联到AP后的WLAN部署场景的***示意图，包括一个AP和3个关联于该AP的STA，AP可以与STA1、STA2和STA3分别进行 通信。需要说明的是，各个STA中可以包括如图1所示的结构，即是同时包括802.11主收发模块和LP-WUR模块，LP-WUR模块用于接收AP发送的唤醒帧，并对802.11主收发模块唤醒。
下面将结合附图5-附图8，阐述本发明实施例提供的站点关联方法。需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提及的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道中，每个信道为唤醒接收机信道，以下实施例中所提及的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道中，主信道为唤醒接收机主信道，每个次信道为唤醒接收机次信道。
请参照图5，为本发明实施例提供的一种站点关联方法的流程示意图，本发明实施例以STA为执行主体，如图所示，本发明实施例的站点关联方法包括步骤S100～S101；
S100，接收至少一个接入点AP广播的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
S101，根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
在一个实施例中，STA在至少一个AP的覆盖范围内，STA可以从该至少一个AP中选择一个目标AP进行关联。在STA选择目标AP之前，该至少一个AP发送消息，一个AP可以是以一定的周期广播消息，或者是以单播的方式发送消息。
可选的，消息为一种广播的帧结构，比如消息可以包括802.11信标帧，探测响应帧，唤醒信标帧等等；消息为一种单播的帧结构，比如消息可以包括探测响应帧，即探测响应帧以单播的方式发给STA。
STA接收该至少一个AP广播的消息，每个消息中均携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括该AP的唤醒无线电信息，比如该AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，该关联到该AP的配备唤醒接收机的STA的数目等等。
需要说明的是，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素在802.11帧携带，可以采用802.11帧结构中的元素形式，即element ID+长度，但是如果承载于唤醒帧中，则可以是以类似于802.11帧结构中的元素形式存在，或者也可以是以其它封装方式存在，比如说，唤醒无线电负载信息元素没有element ID+长度，转而是type类型，对于唤醒无线电负载信息元素的封装形式本发明不作限定。下述实施例提到的AP最大睡眠时长的元素的封装形式本发明同理不作限定。
STA可以根据所接收的该至少一个AP的消息中唤醒无线电负载信息元素中的负载信息，从该至少一个AP中选择一个目标AP进行关联，比如可以从该至少一个AP中选择一个空闲的，且唤醒无线电信道质量比较好的目标AP进行关联。若STA与目标AP进行关联后，即可与该目标AP进行唤醒无线电通信，比如，该AP向该STA发送唤醒帧，也可以是与该目标AP进行802.11无线电通信。
作为一种可选的实施方式，AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道，每个STA所占用的信道(通常为窄带)是固定的且可能不同，这里的固定是指一段时间内固定，如遇到变换，存在切换信道的过程。比如，AP管理三个信道，信道1、信道2以及信道3，则可能STA1占用信道1，STA2占用信道2。需要说明的是，各个STA可以通过时分复用或频分复用的方式在各自所占用的信道上与AP进行唤醒无线电通信，另外多个站点可以 共享一个信道，甚至是全部站点共享一个信道。
唤醒无线电负载信息元素中的负载信息可以为该至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率，STA在根据负载信息选择目标AP进行关联时，可以是根据负载信息选择目标信道，比如目标信道比较空闲，或者目标信道比较空闲且信道质量好，STA与该目标信道对应的目标AP进行关联，需要说明的是，STA也可以是基于其他内置算法，根据每个信道的信道使用率选择目标AP进行关联。
具体可选的，AP发送的消息，该消息中可以包括负载信息元素(BSS load element)，拓展负载信息元素(extended BSS load element)，以及唤醒无线电负载信息元素，负载信息元素为传统的负载元素，具体可以包括元素ID(identifier)：用于识别该元素为负载信息元素；长度：用于指示该负载信息元素的长度；站点数目：关联在该AP下的站点数目；以及主收发机所在主收发信道的使用率。
拓展负载信息元素为802.11ac中新增的元素，该拓展负载信息元素可以包括元素ID(identifier)：用于识别该元素为扩展负载信息元素；长度：用于指示该扩展负载信息元素的长度；支持多站点多输入多输出(multi-user multiple input and multiple output，MU-MIMO)的站点数目：用于指示在该BSS中支持接收801.11ac的DLMU-MIMO的用户数；空间流未使用率：用于指示在主收发机所占用的主20MHz信道(primary 20MHz-channel)忙时的空间流利用率；次20MHz使用率：用于指示次20MHz信道的利用率，计算公式与负载信息元素的信道(主20MHz)利用率类似；次40MHz使用率：用于指示次40MHz信道的利用率，计算公式与负载信息元素的信道(主20MHz)利用率类似；次80MHz使用率：用于指示次80MHz信道的利用率，计算公式与负载信息元素的信道(主20MHz)利用率类似。
唤醒无线电负载信息元素如图6所示，图6包括该消息对应的AP所关联的配备唤醒接收机的STA数目，n个信道的信道使用率，其中n指示该AP管理的信道共有n个。每个信道的信道使用率为：
Figure PCTCN2017112592-appb-000001
其中信标帧间隔可以为AP发送的唤醒信标帧的间隔，也可以是802.11信标帧的间隔，信标帧间隔是以时间单元(time unit，TU)为单位，每个TU时间长度为1024微秒，另外上述公式是以信道使用率占用一个字节计算的，所以公式乘以了255，把[01]拓展到了[0255]。
唤醒信标帧具有802.11信标帧类似的结构，以元素串接的形式构成，但是唤醒信标帧除了像802.11帧一样周期性广播，并且含有相应唤醒无线电参数，并且为了协助与唤醒接收机共同存在的于一个STA的主收发机醒后能够正常工作，该唤醒信标帧仍需携带主收发机所在BSS变化了的关键BSS参数或者变化指示比特，进一步唤醒信标帧还可以携带时间参数，使STA与AP在时钟上同步。
值得注意的是802.11信标帧的间隔是以TU为单位，但是唤醒信标帧间隔可能不是以TU为单位，因此分母的1024要相应更改成唤醒信标帧间隔包含的时间。同样802.11信标帧中信道使用率参数是占用一个字节，如果在唤醒信标帧中，信道使用率参数不是占用一 个字节的话，比如2比特，那么上述公式中的255需替换成3，若是4比特的话，那么上述公式中的255需替换成15，若是6比特的话，那么上述公式中的255需替换成31。
进一步可选的，如图6所示，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素还可以包括元素ID，用于识别该元素为唤醒无线电负载信息元素；长度：用于指示该唤醒无线电负载信息元素的长度。
作为另一种可选的实施方式，AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道，每个STA的唤醒接收机工作的信道(通常为窄带)是固定的，并且所有STA的唤醒接收机工作的主信道是相同的，但是AP可以根据实际业务需求，网络负载进行拓展信道带宽，比如说唤醒接收机工作的主信道为主5MHz，但可以拓展到10MHz，20MHz信道。再比如主信道为主4MHz，但可以拓展到8MHz，16MHz信道。需要说明的是，若唤醒接收机工作的信道只有一个，则主信道则是那个固定的信道。
如图7所示，消息中的唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括该消息所对应的AP已经关联的配备唤醒接收机的STA数目，主信道1的信道使用率，次信道1的信道使用率、次信道2的信道使用率等等，一直到次信道n的信道使用率，STA则可以根据主信道的信道使用率和次信道的信道使用率选择目标AP进行关联，即是选择一个空闲的目标AP进行关联，或者，STA可以仅仅根据主信道的信道使用率选择目标AP进行关联。
或者，消息中的唤醒无线电负载信息元素仅仅包括主信道1的信道使用率，STA则可以根据主信道1的信道使用率选择目标AP进行关联，即是选择一个空闲的目标AP进行关联。
可选的，若AP管理的信道不能拓展到更大带宽，即只有主信道，那么此时唤醒无线电负载信息元素只包括一个信道的信道使用率。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中的主信道的信道使用率和次信道的信道使用率公式与上述实施方式中的信道使用率相同。
进一步可选的，如图7所示，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素还可以包括元素ID，用于识别该元素为唤醒无线电负载信息元素；长度：用于指示该唤醒无线电负载信息元素的长度。
在另一个实施例中，STA配备唤醒接收机，对应的，AP也可能配备唤醒接收机，基于节能的需求，AP中途会睡眠一段时间。如果睡眠时间过长，并不能满足某些STA的业务需求。比如，AP会睡眠4秒，而STA的业务周期是2秒，那么AP就不能满足STA的业务需求。
因此AP在发送消息时，可以在消息中携带该AP的最长睡眠时间信息，该最长睡眠时间信息可以放在消息的唤醒无线电负载信息元素中，也可以放在另一个独立的元素中。如图8所示，即是本发明实施例提供的一种将该最长睡眠时间信息进行封装的元素结构示意图，该元素可以是唤醒无线电负载信息元素，或者，该元素也可以是其它独立元素。
未关联的STA收到该最长睡眠时间信息后，判断该AP最长睡眠时间是否满足自身的业务需求，然后再选择合适的目标AP。
进一步可选的，STA可以根据该AP的最长睡眠时间以及AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，选择适合的目标AP。
另外STA在选择合适的AP关联时，仍需考虑负载信息元素，拓展负载信息元素携带的信息。
本发明实施例中，STA接收至少一个AP广播的消息，该消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，STA根据负载信息，从该至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，这种方式可以向STA通知AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，使得STA选择合适的AP进行关联。
本申请实施例还提供了一种站点关联装置，该装置可以为上述图5方法中描述的STA，也可以为能够实现上述图5方法中STA的动作的其他设备。
参照图9a和图9b，为本发明实施例提供的站点关联装置的结构示意图。如图9a所示，该站点关联装置可包括：收发单元100和处理单元101，其中：
收发单元100，用于接收至少一个接入点AP发送的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
处理单元101，用于根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
可选的，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道，所述负载信息为所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率；
所述处理单元101所述根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联具体包括：
根据所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率大小，选择空闲的目标信道，并与所述目标信道对应的目标AP进行关联。
可选的，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道；
所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率和所述至少一个次信道中每个次信道的信道使用率；或者，
所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率。
进一步可选的，所述处理单元101根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联具体包括：
根据所述负载信息中所述主信道的信道使用率，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
可选的，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素还包括关联到所述AP的配备唤醒接收机的站点的数目。
进一步可选的，所述消息还包括所述AP的最长睡眠时间信息；
所述处理单元101根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联具体包括：
根据所述负载信息以及所述最长睡眠时间信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
上述消息包括802.11信标帧、唤醒信标帧以及探测响应帧中的任意一种。
对应的，如图9b所示，该装置可包括：收发器1001和处理器1002。处理器1002用于控制该装置的操作，包括通过收发器1001进行数据的传输(包括接收和/或发送)。进一步的，还可以包括存储器1003，存储器1003可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，用 于向处理器1002提供指令和数据。存储器1003可以集成于处理器1002中，也可以独立于处理器1002。存储器1003的一部分还可以包括非易失行随机存取存储器(NVRAM)。该装置的各个组件通过总线***耦合在一起，其中总线***1009除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线***1009。
本申请实施例图5揭示的流程可以应用于处理器1002中，或者由处理器1002实现。在实现过程中，该装置实现的流程的各步骤可以通过处理器1002中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。处理器1002可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器、专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件，可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的图5的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1003，处理器1002读取存储器1003中的信息，结合其硬件完成本发明实施例指示流程的步骤。
进一步的，当所述装置为用户设备STA时，还可以进一步包括输入设备，如键盘，输出设备，如显示屏等结构，在此不予赘述。
所述收发器1001，用于接收至少一个接入点AP发送的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
所述处理器1002，用于根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
可选的，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道，所述负载信息为所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率；
所述处理器1002还用于根据所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率大小，选择空闲的目标信道，并与所述目标信道对应的目标AP进行关联。
可选的，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道；
所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率和所述至少一个次信道中每个次信道的信道使用率；或者，
所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率。
可选的，所述处理器1002还用于根据所述负载信息中所述主信道的信道使用率，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
进一步可选的，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素还包括关联到所述AP的配备唤醒接收机的站点的数目。
可选的，所述消息还包括所述AP的最长睡眠时间信息；
所述处理器1002还用于根据所述负载信息以及所述最长睡眠时间信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
上述消息包括802.11信标帧、唤醒信标帧以及探测响应帧中的任意一种。
本发明实施例中，STA接收至少一个AP广播的消息，该消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，该唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，STA根据负载信息，从该至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，这种方式可以向STA通知AP所管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息，使得STA选择合适的AP进行关联。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”或“一实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本发明的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。在本发明的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
另外，本文中术语“***”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。在本申请实施例中，“A，B，或C中的至少一个”表示从集合(A，B，C)中选出至少一个，如A，B，C，A和B，A和C，B和C，或者，A和B和C等。本申请实施例中的“第一A”“第二A”等描述，仅用于区分多个A，并不用于表达其他含义。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的***、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的***、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些收发器、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理器中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既 可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本发明可以用硬件实现，或固件实现，或它们的组合方式来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以将上述功能存储在计算机可读介质中或作为计算机可读介质上的一个或多个指令或代码进行传输。计算机可读介质包括计算机存储介质和通信介质，其中通信介质包括便于从一个地方向另一个地方传送计算机程序的任何介质。存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。以此为例但不限于：计算机可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质。此外。任何连接可以适当的成为计算机可读介质。例如，如果软件是使用同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、数字STA线(DSL)或者诸如红外线、无线电和微波之类的无线技术从网站、服务器或者其他远程源传输的，那么同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、DSL或者诸如红外线、无线和微波之类的无线技术包括在所属介质的定影中。如本发明所使用的，盘(Disk)和碟(disc)包括压缩光碟(CD)、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟(DVD)、软盘和蓝光光碟，其中盘通常磁性的复制数据，而碟则用激光来光学的复制数据。上面的组合也应当包括在计算机可读介质的保护范围之内。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、***、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(***)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器，使得通过该计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令可实现流程图中的一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图的一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图的一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的可选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括可选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种站点关联方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接收至少一个接入点AP发送的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
    根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道，所述负载信息为所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，包括：
    根据所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率大小，选择空闲的目标信道，并与所述目标信道对应的目标AP进行关联。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道；
    所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率和所述至少一个次信道中每个次信道的信道使用率；或者，
    所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，包括：
    根据所述负载信息中所述主信道的信道使用率，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素还包括关联到所述AP的配备唤醒接收机的站点的数目。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述消息还包括所述AP的最长睡眠时间信息；
    所述根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联，包括：
    根据所述负载信息以及所述最长睡眠时间信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述消息包括802.11信标帧、唤醒信标帧以及探测响应帧中的任意一种。
  9. 一种站点关联装置，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于接收至少一个接入点AP发送的消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
    处理单元，用于根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括至少一个信道，所述负载信息为所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联具体包括：
    根据所述至少一个信道中每个信道的信道使用率大小，选择空闲的目标信道，并与所述目标信道对应的目标AP进行关联。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道包括主信道和至少一个次信道；
    所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率和所述至少一个次信道中每个次信道的信道使用率；或者，
    所述负载信息包括所述主信道的信道使用率。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联具体包括：
    根据所述负载信息中所述主信道的信道使用率，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素还包括关联到所述AP的配备唤醒接收机的站点的数目。
  15. 如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述消息还包括所述AP的最长睡眠时间信息；
    所述处理单元根据所述负载信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联具体包括：
    根据所述负载信息以及所述最长睡眠时间信息，从所述至少一个AP中选择目标AP进行关联。
  16. 如权利要求9-15任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述消息包括802.11信标帧、唤醒信标帧以及探测响应帧中的任意一种。
  17. 一种站点关联方法，其特征在于，包括：
    生成消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
    发送所述消息。
  18. 一种站点关联装置，其特征在于，包括：
    消息生成单元，用于生成消息，所述消息中携带唤醒无线电负载信息元素，所述唤醒无线电负载信息元素包括所述AP管理的唤醒无线电信道的负载信息；
    消息发送单元，用于发送所述消息。
  19. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质用于存储计算机软件指令，所述计算机软件指令用于执行权1-8的任一项方法。
  20. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质用于存储计算机软件指令，所述计算机软件指令用于执行权17的方法。
  21. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序用于执行权1-8的任一项方法。
  22. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序用于执行权17的方法。
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