WO2018094981A1 - 核酸检测前处理自动化装置 - Google Patents

核酸检测前处理自动化装置 Download PDF

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WO2018094981A1
WO2018094981A1 PCT/CN2017/084700 CN2017084700W WO2018094981A1 WO 2018094981 A1 WO2018094981 A1 WO 2018094981A1 CN 2017084700 W CN2017084700 W CN 2017084700W WO 2018094981 A1 WO2018094981 A1 WO 2018094981A1
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reagent
nucleic acid
module
pipetting
acid detection
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PCT/CN2017/084700
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶宝春
黄飞
祝云英
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杭州杰毅麦特医疗器械有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201611046467.5A external-priority patent/CN106404508A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201611151391.2A external-priority patent/CN106754339A/zh
Application filed by 杭州杰毅麦特医疗器械有限公司 filed Critical 杭州杰毅麦特医疗器械有限公司
Priority to US16/753,786 priority Critical patent/US20200363299A1/en
Publication of WO2018094981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094981A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/0098—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor involving analyte bound to insoluble magnetic carrier, e.g. using magnetic separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
    • B01L3/502784—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
    • B01L3/502792—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/10—Rotating vessel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/069—Absorbents; Gels to retain a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6806—Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/025—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations having a carousel or turntable for reaction cells or cuvettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1009—Characterised by arrangements for controlling the aspiration or dispense of liquids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of nucleic acid molecule detection, and in particular relates to a nucleic acid detection pretreatment automatic device.
  • the invention realizes the pre-treatment of nucleic acid detection fully automatic, that is, the pre-treatment of nucleic acid extraction, amplification and purification is automatically realized, and the processed sample can be detected by an external matching sequencer, the invention simplifies the test process, reduces the chance of error, and improves The stability of the overall detection.
  • High-throughput sequencing technology is a new molecular detection technology that has been developed in the last decade.
  • the mainstream high-throughput sequencers on the market are mainly provided by Illumina, ThermoFisher, etc.
  • Any high-throughput sequencing platform will first require the extraction of DNA or RNA from biological samples before performing the detection, and then sequencing the DNA samples to be tested.
  • the library that is, the linker DNA sequence common to the sequencer at both ends of the DNA to be tested, adds a lot of tool enzymes and buffer system throughout the process of constructing the library, which is not conducive to the later reaction, so a DNA purification operation is required to remove Various enzymes and buffers allow the DNA of the test fragment to be sequenced on different chips of the sequencer.
  • Conventional high-throughput sequencing detection pretreatment includes three steps of nucleic acid extraction, library construction, and purification.
  • Nucleic acid extraction begins with sample nucleic acid extraction. Common methods include ethanol precipitation, silica gel column bonding, glass beading, and magnetic particle binding. The basic principle of all methods is the four steps of lysing the sample - combining - cleaning - elution. The entire process takes about 40 minutes for a single sample.
  • Library construction The basic concept of library construction is to add DNA to the DNA to be tested and the subsequent sequencing equipment.
  • the basic procedure is: 1. end-filling; 2. base addition of one A; 3. linker; 4. PCR amplification. Since each step has an independent enzyme and buffer system, DNA purification based on silica gel column or magnetic particles is required in each reaction during the construction of a conventional high-throughput sequencing library. That is to say, the conventional high-throughput sequencing library construction process includes: 1. end-filling; 2. purification; 3. base addition of one A; 4. purification; 5. ligation; 6. purification; Add 7 steps.
  • the DNA solution was combined with magnetic particles, silica gel membrane, glass beads and other media.
  • the cleaning solution was washed twice to remove various impurities, and finally the DNA was eluted with the eluent.
  • nucleic acid extraction devices for each step, such as nucleic acid extraction.
  • Library construction can be done by automated pipetting workstations. Manual completion can also be done through an automated pipetting station.
  • the nucleic acid extractor can realize 12-96 nucleic acid extractions at a time. The operator needs to put the sample into the instrument. After 40 minutes, the extracted sample is taken out and marked for later use. Nucleic acid pretreatment, reaction configuration, temperature control, and mixing can be realized by a pipetting workstation.
  • the operator places the required matching reagents on the workstation table, sets up the program, marks the input test tube position, and starts operation. Since the pipetting station is an open platform, during the whole multi-step test operation, the operator needs to perform the 96-hole plate sealing, film opening, or irregularly opening and closing a large number of caps, although some work is done by the workstation. Completed, but the whole still needs a lot of manual intervention, unable to achieve the unattended process, multiple steps need to be manually marked, sorted, set. At the same time, since the test is started, it is no longer possible to temporarily increase or change the test procedure. Once the sample is temporarily processed or the test procedure is changed, it will affect the sample participating in the test.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provide an automatic device for pre-treatment of nucleic acid detection, which can realize automatic automatic processing of nucleic acid detection, including extraction, library construction, product purification, and the final product can be directly used for high Flux sequencing, unattended throughout the process.
  • An automatic device for pretreatment of nucleic acid detection characterized in that it comprises
  • a reagent tray for placing a sample and a pretreatment reagent
  • a base for placing a reagent tray having a temperature control module and a mixing module
  • a magnetic separation module for separating, cleaning, and eluting magnetic particles
  • a pipetting device for transferring reagents in the reagent tray, the pipetting device is provided with a pipetting module and a pipetting tip;
  • the invention also provides another nucleic acid detection pretreatment automatic device, which comprises:
  • a reagent tray for placing a sample and a pretreatment reagent
  • a base for placing a reagent tray having a temperature control module and a rotation module;
  • a magnetic separation module for separating, cleaning, and eluting magnetic particles
  • a pipetting device for transferring reagents in the reagent tray, the pipetting device is provided with a pipetting module and a pipetting tip;
  • the nucleic acid detection pre-processing automatic device of the invention automatically performs nucleic acid extraction, database construction, purification and the like in an independent reagent tray, and each device is independently operated as a unit, and can be expanded in series by an infinite number to realize multiple Samples are tested simultaneously.
  • a pipe bracket is disposed on the aluminum foil sealing film, and a silica gel layer is disposed between the pipe bracket and the cover plate.
  • the cover plate of the reagent disk is first removed, and the pipetting device of the device (for example, the pipette tip) can directly puncture the sealing film of the silica gel and the aluminum foil, and enter the chamber for pipetting operation. After the end, the pipetting device exits the aluminum foil and the silica gel.
  • the aluminum foil sealing film will have a penetrating hole, and after the rebound of the silica gel, the reagent hole is still in a sealed state, and the reagent in the reagent hole will not volatilize and affect the overall test.
  • the reagent disk is circular, square or rectangular, and may also have other irregular shapes.
  • the reagent wells can be optimally arranged according to the shape of the reagent disk.
  • the porous reagent tray is preferably a disposable independent reagent tray. After the sample to be tested is added to the reagent tray, the entire process from the initial sample, nucleic acid extraction, and nucleic acid detection pretreatment is completed in the reagent tray.
  • the nucleic acid sequencing pretreatment reagent includes a nucleic acid extraction reagent, a library construction reagent, and a DNA purification reagent, including but not limited to nucleic acid terminal fill, A, ligation, purification, and the like.
  • the reagent wells include a lysis well, a magnetic bead well, an extraction well, a library construction well, a PCR reaction well, a purification well, a final sample well, and a waste liquid well.
  • a rotating module is disposed on the base.
  • the reagent tray can be rotated and moved by the rotation module on the base.
  • the pipetting module includes a pipetting pump.
  • the magnetic sorting module includes a movable magnet disposed beside the base and the reagent tray.
  • the device of the invention has a temperature control module, a pipetting module, a mixing module and a magnetic sorting module, and can realize the functions of temperature control, pipetting, mixing and magnetic sorting.
  • the mixing module allows horizontal vortexing and vertical mixing of the sample inside the device.
  • the temperature control module can heat, low temperature, and temperature change the reagent in the reagent tray in one or more steps.
  • the pipetting module allows for the transfer of liquid between the different reagent wells of the reagent plate, either by the instrument or by the reagent plate containing one or more pipette tips.
  • the magnetic separation module can separate, clean and elute magnetic particles by setting electromagnets or permanent magnets.
  • the nucleic acid detection pretreatment automation device uses a disposable disc reagent tray,
  • the reagent tray contains an extraction reagent, a library construction reagent, and a DNA purification reagent.
  • the inside of the instrument is pipetted into the lysate; the instrument is mixed for 10 minutes; the liquid is added to the binding solution and the magnetic beads, and mixed for 10 minutes; the magnetic separation module is used to adsorb the magnetic beads, and the pipetting module is used.
  • the sample nucleic acid pretreatment ends in the final sample chamber.
  • the invention realizes the automation of the pre-treatment of the fully automated unattended nucleic acid detection in a closed independent reagent tray.
  • the operator can automatically operate the instrument after putting the sample into the reagent tray, and the product can be directly used for post-sequencing analysis. It greatly simplifies the test process, avoids the cumbersome routine manual operation, and avoids the need to use the nucleic acid extractor, pipetting station and other instruments to support the use of multiple times to mark the test tube, manually move the test tube, etc., from the test process The possibility of sample confusion.
  • the instrument fully automatic realizes the pre-treatment of nucleic acid detection fully automatic, including nucleic acid extraction, terminal filling, addition of A, connection of joints, product purification and other steps. Automatically unattended, the whole process is manually operated for less than 5 minutes, the sample is placed in the reagent tray, and the reagent tray is placed in the instrument to be fully automated.
  • the reagent tray operates in a closed system, ensuring that the sample is not confusing and that the samples do not contaminate each other.
  • the instrument is a single unit with one operating unit, but can be infinitely amplified by series, which enables flexible high-throughput operation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an automated device for pretreatment of nucleic acid detection.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of another nucleic acid pretreatment processing automation device.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a reagent tray.
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the reagent disk.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the serial expansion of a plurality of nucleic acid detection pre-processing automation devices.
  • the nucleic acid detection pretreatment automatic device shown in Fig. 1 is composed of a moving rail platform 1, a base 2, a movable magnet 3, a pipetting pump 4, and a pipetting tip 5.
  • the pipette tip 5 is disposed on the pipetting pump 4, and the pipetting pump is movable along the moving rail platform 1 and rotated by the rotary module.
  • the moving rail platform 1 is moved by a pipetting pump and a pipette tip moving and rotating on the upper portion of the reagent disk.
  • the base 2 has a temperature control module corresponding to the position of the reagent disk.
  • the base 2 is attached to the reagent tray to provide temperature control.
  • the reagent disk can be rotated and moved by the rotation module on the base 2.
  • the nucleic acid detection pretreatment automatic device shown in Fig. 2 is composed of a rotating device 12, a base 2, a movable magnet 3, a pipetting pump 4, and a pipetting tip 5.
  • the pipette tip 5 is provided on the pipetting pump 4.
  • the rotating device 12 is disposed on the base 2, and the base 2 is provided with a temperature control module corresponding to the position of the reagent disk. When the rotating device 12 rotates, the temperature control module rotates together.
  • the base 2 is attached to the reagent tray, and the temperature control module provides temperature control.
  • the reagent disk can be rotated and moved by the rotating device 12 on the base 2.
  • the reagent tray shown in FIG. 3-4 includes a cover plate 6 and a reagent tray 7.
  • the reagent tray 7 is provided with a plurality of reagent holes 8, and the reagent holes 8 are provided with a pretreatment reagent for nucleic acid sequencing, and an aluminum foil is disposed at the opening of the reagent hole.
  • a pipe bracket 10 is disposed on the aluminum foil sealing film 9, and a silica gel layer 11 is disposed between the pipe bracket and the cover plate.
  • the reagent wells include: (1) - cracking pores (6M guanidine hydrochloride, 20% isopropanol); (2) - magnetic bead holes (40 ul silanized magnetic beads); (3) - cleaning solution (80% ethanol); 4) - binding solution (60% isopropanol); (5) - eluent (pure water pH 8.0); (6) - extraction pores; (7) - library construction pores; (8) - end fill Enzyme mixture Pore (Klenow DNA polymerase I, T4 polynucleotide kinase); (9) - ligation reaction wells (T4 DNA ligase); (10) - purification wells (40 ul silanized magnetic beads); (11) - Reserved holes; (12) - final sample holes; (13) - waste liquid holes; (14) - reserved holes; (15) - reserved holes.
  • FIG. 5 there are four series of schematic diagrams of the nucleic acid detection pretreatment automation device of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, which can be connected in series according to the need to realize simultaneous detection of a plurality of samples.
  • Plasma free DNA is a small fragment, fragmented DNA, the length of the fragment is between 100 and 300 bp, and the peak value is about 160 bp.
  • Professor Lu Yuming discovered that the free DNA of the fetus was contained in the peripheral plasma of pregnant women, thus creating a free DNA as a source of detection and analyzing whether the fetus of the pregnant woman had chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) derived from tumor cells is also present in plasma.
  • ctDNA is widely used for tumor liquid biopsy, and can be used for non-invasive early diagnosis, concomitant diagnosis, and prognosis follow-up.
  • the conventional detection method is to first extract DNA from clinical samples including plasma, perform nucleic acid detection processing, and detect three steps. It takes 6 to 13 hours to complete the entire sample test. Among them, the work of sample nucleic acid extraction and pre-test processing is cumbersome.
  • the nucleic acid detection pre-processing automatic device of the invention can realize the automation of the pre-treatment of a closed independent reagent tray and fully automatic unattended nucleic acid detection, and the operator can automatically operate the instrument after putting the sample into the reagent tray. Can be used directly for post-sequencing analysis.
  • the specific operation method is as follows:
  • the movable magnet realizes magnetic separation, and the supernatant is moved to the waste liquid hole;
  • DNA polymerase I T4 polynucleotide kinase
  • Pipette module remove all the product to the purification reagent well, and the purification well contains the magnetic beads required for the purification reaction;
  • the product can be used directly in subsequent high-throughput sequencing assays.
  • Transcriptome sequencing is the sum of all RNAs that a particular cell can transcribe under a certain functional state, including mRNA and non-coding RNA.
  • Transcriptome research is the basis and starting point of gene function and structure research. Through the new generation of high-throughput sequencing, it can fully and quickly obtain almost all transcript sequence information of a certain tissue or organ of a certain species in a certain state. It has been widely used. In basic research, clinical diagnosis and drug development.
  • the conventional detection method is to first extract RNA from clinical samples including whole blood and plasma, and perform three steps of nucleic acid detection processing and detection. It takes 6 to 30 hours to complete the entire sample test. Among them, the work of sample nucleic acid extraction and pre-test processing is cumbersome.
  • the nucleic acid detection pre-processing automatic device of the invention can realize the automation of the pre-treatment of a closed independent reagent tray and fully automatic unattended nucleic acid detection, and the operator can automatically operate the instrument after putting the sample into the reagent tray. Can be used directly for post-sequencing analysis.
  • the specific operation method is as follows:
  • the magnetic separation module is used to adsorb the magnetic beads, and the pipetting module removes the supernatant;
  • the final DNA can be used directly in subsequent high-throughput sequencing assays.

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Abstract

一种核酸检测前处理自动化装置，包括：用于放置样本和前处理试剂的试剂盘（7）；用于放置试剂盘（7）的底座（2），底座（2）上设有温控模块和混匀模块；用于实现磁性颗粒分离、清洗和洗脱的磁力分选模块；用于转移试剂盘（7）内试剂的移液装置，移液装置设有移液模块、旋转模块和移液枪头（5）；用于支撑移液装置的移动导轨平台（1）；和用于控制温控模块、旋转模块、混匀模块、磁力分选模块和移液模块运行的主机。该核酸检测前处理自动化装置，可实现核酸检测前处理的全自动，包括提取、文库构建、产物纯化，最终产物可直接用于高通量测序，全程无人值守。

Description

核酸检测前处理自动化装置 技术领域
本发明属于核酸分子检测领域，具体涉及一种核酸检测前处理自动化装置。本发明实现了核酸检测前处理全自动，即自动实现核酸提取、扩增、纯化等前处理，处理完毕样本可经外部配套测序仪进行检测，本发明简化了试验流程，减少了出错机会，提高了整体检测的稳定性。
背景技术
高通量测序技术是最近十年开始发展的新型分子检测技术。市场上主流的高通量测序仪主要由Illumina、ThermoFisher等提供，任何一种高通量测序平台在进行检测前都会首先要求从生物样本中抽提DNA或RNA，然后把待测DNA样本构建测序文库，即在待测DNA两端连接上测序仪通用的接头DNA序列，在整个构建文库的过程中添加了不少工具酶和缓冲体系，不利于后期的反应，所以需要进行一次DNA纯化操作去除各种酶和缓冲液，从而让该待测片段DNA可以在测序仪不同的芯片上进行测序反应。
常规的高通量测序检测前处理包括核酸提取，文库构建、纯化三个步骤。
核酸提取。核酸检测首先要进行样本核酸提取。常见的方法有乙醇沉淀法、硅胶柱结合法、玻璃珠法、磁性颗粒结合分离法。所有方法的基本原理就是裂解样本——结合——清洗——洗脱等四个步骤。单一样本整个过程约需40分钟。
文库构建。文库构建的基本概念是在待测DNA加上和后续测序仪器配套的DNA接头。基本流程是：1.末端补平；2.碱基最后增加一个A；3.连接接头；4.PCR扩增。由于每一步都有独立的酶和缓冲体系，所以在常规的高通量测序文库构建过程中，每一次反应中间都需要进行基于硅胶柱或磁性颗粒的DNA纯化。也就说常规的高通量测序文库构建流程有：1.末端补平；2.纯化；3.碱基最后增加一个A；4.纯化；5.连接接头；6.纯化；7.PCR扩增等7个步骤。
纯化。文库构建过程中加入了各种工具酶，DNA溶液和磁性颗粒、硅胶膜、玻璃珠等介质结合，清洗液清洗两次去除各种杂质，最终用洗脱液洗脱DNA。
自此完成一个从原始样本到最终测序文库的所有试验环节。整个试验流程需要5～8个小时，在每个实验环节都需要标记试管以免弄错样本，费时费力。
针对上述的复杂试验步骤，市场上有一些仪器代替人工操作。由于高通量测序为目前市场上全新的技术，有针对每个步骤的单一设备，比如核酸提取可以有多种类型的核酸提取仪，文库构建可以通过自动移液工作站完成，文库的纯化可以由手工完成，也可以通过自动移液工作站完成。核酸提取仪，一次可实现12-96个不等的核酸提取。操作者需要把样本放入仪器中，40分钟后，取出提取完的样本，标记后以待后续实验使用。核酸前处理，反应配置、温控、混匀可由移液工作站实现，开始前操作者把需要的配套试剂放置在工作站台面上，设置好程序，标记好投入产出的试验管位置，开始运行。由于移液工作站为开放平台，在整个多步试验操作过程中，操作者需要不定期进行96孔板封膜、开膜，或者不定期进行大量的管盖开闭工作，虽然一部分工作由工作站来完成，但整体仍然需要人工大量介入，无法实现整个过程的无人值守，多个步骤需要人工来标记、排序、设置。同时由于试验一旦开始，无法再临时增加或改变试验流程，一旦临时有样本需要处理，或者改变试验流程，将对整体参与试验的样本产生影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种核酸检测前处理自动化装置，可实现核酸检测前处理的全自动，包括提取、文库构建、产物纯化，最终产物可直接用于高通量测序，全程无人值守。
一种核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，包括
用于放置样本和前处理试剂的试剂盘；
用于放置试剂盘的底座，底座上设有温控模块和混匀模块；
用于实现磁性颗粒分离、清洗和洗脱的磁力分选模块；
用于转移试剂盘内试剂的移液装置，移液装置设有移液模块和移液枪头；
用于支撑移液装置的移动导轨平台；和
用于控制温控模块、旋转模块、混匀模块、磁力分选模块和移液模块运行的主机。
本发明还提供了另外一种核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，包括：
用于放置样本和前处理试剂的试剂盘；
用于放置试剂盘的底座，底座上设有温控模块和旋转模块；
用于实现磁性颗粒分离、清洗和洗脱的磁力分选模块；
用于转移试剂盘内试剂的移液装置，移液装置设有移液模块和移液枪头；和
用于控制温控模块、旋转模块、磁力分选模块和移液模块运行的主机。
本发明的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，在一个独立试剂盘内全自动运行核酸提取、建库、纯化等处理，每台装置作为一个单元独立封闭运行，可通过串联方式无限扩展数量，实现多个样品同时检测。
进一步地，铝箔封膜上设置管道支架，管道支架和盖板之间设有硅胶层。在进行核酸检测自动化前处理的时候，先移除试剂盘的盖板，装置的移液装置(例如移液枪头)可直接戳破硅胶和铝箔封膜，进入腔室进行移液操作，操作结束后，移液装置退出铝箔和硅胶。铝箔封膜会留有穿透孔，而硅胶回弹后，使试剂孔仍然处于密封状态，试剂孔内试剂不会挥发影响整体试验。
所述试剂盘为圆形、方形或长方形，也可以是其他不规则形状。试剂孔可根据试剂盘的形状作优化排布。多孔试剂盘优选采用一次性独立试剂盘，待检测样本加入试剂盘后在该试剂盘内完成从初始样本、核酸提取、核酸检测前处理的全部流程。
所述核酸测序前处理试剂包括核酸提取试剂、文库构建试剂和DNA纯化试剂，包括但不限于核酸末端补平、加A、连接、纯化等步骤试剂。
所述试剂孔包括裂解孔、磁珠孔、提取孔、文库构建孔、PCR反应孔、纯化孔、最终样本孔和废液孔。
所述底座上设有旋转模块。试剂盘可通过底座上的旋转模块进行转动、移动。
所述移液模块包括移液泵。
所述磁力分选模块包括设于底座和试剂盘旁边的活动磁铁。
本发明装置具有温控模块、移液模块、混匀模块和磁力分选模块，可实现温控、移液、混匀、磁力分选功能。混匀模块使装置内部可实现水平涡旋、上下垂直混匀样本。温控模块可以在一个或多个步骤，对试剂盘内试剂进行加热、低温、升变温处理。移液模块看实现在试剂盘不同试剂孔之间液体的转移，可由仪器内置或试剂盘内含一个或多个移液枪头实现。磁力分选模块可通过设置电磁铁或永磁铁实现磁性颗粒分离、清洗、洗脱。
在一个具体实施中，核酸检测前处理自动化装置采用一次性丢弃的试剂盘， 试剂盘内含有提取试剂、文库构建试剂、DNA纯化试剂。样本加入试剂盘样本孔以后，仪器内部移液加入裂解液；利用仪器进行混匀10分钟；移液加入结合液和磁珠，混匀10分钟；利用磁力分选模块吸附磁珠，移液模块去除上清，加入500ul清洗液，混匀磁珠2分钟，磁力分选去除清洗液，重复三次；加入30ul洗脱液和磁珠混合，60度加热5分钟；移液模块移液上清去文库构建孔；移液加入末端补平酶，37度30分钟，75度灭活20分钟；移液加入DNA接头，DNA连接酶，20度30分钟，75度20分钟灭活；移液去纯化孔，加入磁珠和纯化结合液，混匀10分钟；加磁力分选，去除上清，500ul清洗液清洗两次磁珠；50ul洗脱液加入磁珠，60度加热5分钟，移液DNA到最终样本室，样本核酸前处理结束。
本发明实现了在一个封闭的独立试剂盘，全自动无人值守的核酸检测前处理的自动化，操作者把样本放入试剂盘后就可让仪器自动运行，产物可直接用于后期测序分析。大大简化了试验流程，避免了常规手工操作的繁琐，也避免了利用核酸提取仪、移液工作站等仪器配套使用时候，需要多次标记试管，人工来移动试管等环节，从试验流程上杜绝了样本混淆的可能。
本发明的核酸检测前处理自动化装置具有以下优点：
(1)全自动。仪器全自动实现了核酸检测前处理全自动，包括核酸提取、末端补平、加A、连接接头、产物纯化等步骤。全自动无人值守，整个过程手工操作不超过5分钟，把样本放入试剂盘，试剂盘放入仪器内即可全自动运行。
(2)封闭。试剂盘在一个封闭体系内运行，保证了样本不会混淆，也保证了样本之间不会互相污染。
(3)快速。由于通过仪器实现的不同试验步骤之间的直接连接，减少了多个环节需要的样本标记工作，大大加快了整体试验速度。
(4)可编程。由于仪器具有混匀、移液、温控、磁力分选等模块，因此设备可根据实际需要进行再次开发，扩展性大。
(5)通量高。仪器为单一样本一个操作单元，但可通过串联形式无限放大，从而灵活实现高通量操作。
附图说明
图1是核酸检测前处理自动化装置结构示意图。
图2是另一种核酸检测前处理自动化装置结构示意图。
图3是试剂盘示意图。
图4是试剂盘局部剖视图。
图5是多个核酸检测前处理自动化装置实现串联扩展示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，由移动导轨平台1、底座2、活动磁铁3、移液泵4和移液枪头5构成。移液枪头5设于移液泵4上，移液泵可沿移动导轨平台1移动，并通过旋转模块转动。移动导轨平台1通过移液泵和移液枪头在试剂盘上部移动和转动实现移液。底座2对应试剂盘位置具有温控模块。底座2和试剂盘贴合，提供温度控制。试剂盘可通过底座2上的旋转模块进行转动、移动。
实施例2
如图2所示的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，由旋转装置12、底座2、活动磁铁3、移液泵4和移液枪头5构成。移液枪头5设于移液泵4上。旋转装置12设于底座2上，底座2对应试剂盘位置设有温控模块，旋转装置12旋转时带动温控模块一起旋转。底座2和试剂盘贴合，温控模块提供温度控制。试剂盘可通过底座2上的旋转装置12进行转动、移动。
实施例3
如图3-4所示的试剂盘，包括盖板6和试剂托盘7，试剂托盘7上设有若干试剂孔8，试剂孔8内分装有核酸测序前处理试剂，试剂孔开口处设置铝箔封膜9。铝箔封膜9上设置管道支架10，管道支架和盖板之间设有硅胶层11。试剂孔包括：(1)—裂解孔(6M盐酸胍、20％异丙醇)；(2)—磁珠孔(40ul硅烷化磁珠)；(3)—清洗液(80％乙醇)；(4)—结合液(60％异丙醇)；(5)—洗脱液(纯水pH8.0)；(6)—提取孔；(7)—文库构建孔；(8)—末端补平酶混 合孔(Klenow DNA聚合酶I，T4多聚核苷酸激酶)；(9)—连接反应混合孔(T4DNA连接酶)；(10)—纯化孔(40ul硅烷化磁珠)；(11)—预留孔；(12)—最终样本孔；(13)—废液孔；(14)—预留孔；(15)—预留孔。
实施例4
如图5所示是4个实施例1或2的核酸检测前处理自动化装置串联示意图，可根据需要任意串联，实现多个样品同时检测。
实施例5
血浆游离DNA为小片段、碎片化DNA，片段长度100～300bp之间，峰值在160bp左右。1997年，卢煜明教授发现在孕妇外周血浆中含有胎儿的游离DNA，从而开创以游离DNA为检测来源，分析孕妇所怀胎儿是否有染色体异常。血浆中也存在来源于肿瘤细胞的循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)，ctDNA被广泛用来做肿瘤液态活检，可以无创伤性的早期诊断、伴随诊断、预后随访等。
常规的检测方法是首先由临床样本包括血浆中抽提DNA，进行核酸检测处理、检测三个步骤。完成整个样本检测需要6～13个小时。其中样本核酸提取和检测前处理环节工作繁琐。
采用本发明的核酸检测前处理自动化装置可实现在一个封闭的独立试剂盘，全自动无人值守的核酸检测前处理的自动化，操作者把样本放入试剂盘后就可让仪器自动运行，产物可直接用于后期测序分析。具体操作方法如下：
600ul血浆样本，放入核酸检测前处理自动化装置进行全自动高通量文库构建。
1. 600ul血浆加入试剂盘裂解孔，裂解孔含有1.2ml血浆裂解液(6M盐酸胍、20％异丙醇)；
2.混匀模块进行混匀5分钟，移液模块，依次移液600ul至提取孔和磁珠(40ul硅烷化磁珠)结合；
3.活动磁铁实现磁力分选，上清移至废液孔；
4. 500ul清洗液(80％乙醇)清洗磁珠三次，上清移至废液孔；
5. 60ul洗脱液移至提取孔，56度10分钟洗脱DNA；
6. DNA移至建库孔，加入补平酶(DNA聚合酶I、T4多聚核苷酸激酶)混合10ul；
7. 37度30分钟，75度20分钟灭活；
8.加入DNA接头5ul，加入DNA连接酶(T4核苷酸连接酶)混合物20ul；
9. 16度20分钟，75度20分钟灭活；
10.移液模块，移取所有的产物至纯化试剂孔，纯化孔含有纯化反应所需要的磁珠；
11.利用移液模块上下混匀样本和磁珠，静置5分钟，上活动磁铁静置5分钟，移液模块移上清至废液孔；
12. 500ul清洗液清洗磁珠两次，上活动磁铁，上清移至废液孔；
13. 40ul洗脱液去纯化孔，洗脱DNA，利用移液模块移液至最终样本孔；
14.产物可直接用于后续的高通量测序检测。
实施例6
转录组测序的研究对象为特定细胞在某一功能状态下所能转录出来的所有RNA的总和，主要包括mRNA和非编码RNA。转录组研究是基因功能及结构研究的基础和出发点，通过新一代高通量测序，能够全面快速地获得某一物种特定组织或器官在某一状态下的几乎所有转录本序列信息，已广泛应用于基础研究、临床诊断和药物研发等领域。
常规的检测方法是首先由临床样本包括全血、血浆中抽提RNA，进行核酸检测处理、检测三个步骤。完成整个样本检测需要6～30个小时。其中样本核酸提取和检测前处理环节工作繁琐。
采用本发明的核酸检测前处理自动化装置可实现在一个封闭的独立试剂盘，全自动无人值守的核酸检测前处理的自动化，操作者把样本放入试剂盘后就可让仪器自动运行，产物可直接用于后期测序分析。具体操作方法如下：
200ul全血样本，放入核酸检测前处理自动化装置实现转录组建库全自动处理。
1. 200ul样本加入试剂盘样本孔以后，移液加入300ul裂解液；
2.混匀模块进行混匀10分钟；
3.移液加入200ul结合液和10ul磁珠，混匀10分钟；
4.利用磁力分选模块吸附磁珠，移液模块去除上清；
5.加入500ul清洗液，混匀磁珠2分钟，磁力分选去除清洗液，重复三次；
6.加入30ul洗脱液和磁珠混合，60度加热5分钟；
7.移液模块移液上清至提取孔；
8.提取孔含有30ul oligo dT的磁珠，65度30分钟；
9.磁力分选，去除上清，500ul清洗液清洗，磁力分选去除上清；
10. 30ul洗脱液加入提取孔，60度加热5分钟，移液上清cDNA去文库构建孔；
11.移液加入末端补平酶和dATP，37度30分钟，65度灭火5分钟；
12.移液加入DNA接头，连接酶，20度30分钟，65度5分钟灭活；
13.加入10ul磁珠和200ul纯化结合液，混匀10分钟；
14.加磁力分选，去除上清，500ul清洗液清洗两次磁珠；
15. 50ul洗脱液加入磁珠，60度加热5分钟；
16.移液DNA到最终样本孔，本自动化处理装置试验结束；
17.最终DNA可以直接用于后续高通量测序检测。

Claims (18)

  1. 核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，包括：
    用于放置样本和前处理试剂的试剂盘；
    用于放置试剂盘的底座，底座上设有温控模块和混匀模块；
    用于实现磁性颗粒分离、清洗和洗脱的磁力分选模块；
    用于转移试剂盘内试剂的移液装置，移液装置设有移液模块、旋转模块和移液枪头；
    用于支撑移液装置的移动导轨平台；和
    用于控制温控模块、旋转模块、混匀模块、磁力分选模块和移液模块运行的主机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述试剂盘包括盖板和试剂托盘，试剂托盘上设有若干试剂孔，试剂孔内分装有核酸测序前处理试剂，试剂孔开口处设置铝箔封膜。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，铝箔封膜上设置管道支架，管道支架和盖板之间设有硅胶层。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述试剂盘为圆形、方形或长方形。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述核酸测序前处理试剂包括核酸提取试剂、文库构建试剂和DNA纯化试剂。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述试剂孔包括裂解孔、磁珠孔、提取孔、文库构建孔、PCR反应孔、纯化孔、最终样本孔和废液孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述底座上设有旋转模块。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述移液模块包括移液泵。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述磁力分选模块包括设于底座和试剂盘旁边的活动磁铁。
  10. 核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，包括：
    用于放置样本和前处理试剂的试剂盘；
    用于放置试剂盘的底座，底座上设有温控模块和旋转模块；
    用于实现磁性颗粒分离、清洗和洗脱的磁力分选模块；
    用于转移试剂盘内试剂的移液装置，移液装置设有移液模块和移液枪头；和
    用于控制温控模块、旋转模块、磁力分选模块和移液模块运行的主机。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述试剂盘包括盖板和试剂托盘，试剂托盘上设有若干试剂孔，试剂孔内分装有核酸测序前处理试剂，试剂孔开口处设置铝箔封膜。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，铝箔封膜上设置管道支架，管道支架和盖板之间设有硅胶层。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述试剂盘为圆形。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述核酸测序前处理试剂包括核酸提取试剂、文库构建试剂和DNA纯化试剂。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述试剂孔包括裂解孔、磁珠孔、提取孔、文库构建孔、PCR反应孔、纯化孔、最终样本孔和废液孔。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述底座上旋转模块旋转时带动温控模块一起旋转。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述移液模块包括移液泵。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的核酸检测前处理自动化装置，其特征在于，所述磁力分选模块包括设于底座和试剂盘旁边的活动磁铁。
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