WO2018090989A1 - Pressure forming device and pressure forming method - Google Patents
Pressure forming device and pressure forming method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018090989A1 WO2018090989A1 PCT/CN2017/111837 CN2017111837W WO2018090989A1 WO 2018090989 A1 WO2018090989 A1 WO 2018090989A1 CN 2017111837 W CN2017111837 W CN 2017111837W WO 2018090989 A1 WO2018090989 A1 WO 2018090989A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/02—Hand grip control means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J5/00—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
- B25J5/02—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway
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- the present disclosure relates to the field of metal workpiece processing technology, for example, to a pressure forming apparatus and a pressure forming method based on the pressure forming apparatus.
- Die forging is a forging method in which a metal blank is plastically deformed in a mold under an external force and filled into a cavity to obtain a forged piece of a desired shape and size.
- the billet In the die forging process, the billet overall undergoes significant plastic deformation, and a large amount of plastic flow; the flowing billet fills the cavity, and after filling, maintains the pressure to form the desired shape.
- die forging is also known as hot die forging.
- die forging can forge forgings with more complex shapes and relatively accurate dimensions, and the production efficiency is relatively high. It can mass produce forgings with the same shape and size, which is convenient for the subsequent cutting process using automatic machine tools and automatic production line.
- the forged piece after forging has a directional fibrous structure, that is, a streamline.
- the reasonable die forging process and the mold are selected to make the distribution of the streamline consistent with the shape of the part, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the forging.
- the die forging die includes an upper die 1 and a lower die 2 which are oppositely disposed and relatively movable, and a cavity 3 is formed between the upper die 1 and the lower die 2; as shown by b in FIG.
- the billet 5 is placed in the cavity 3, and the pressure P acts on the upper mold to act on the billet 5; as shown by c in Fig. 1, under the action of the pressure P, the billet 5 is deformed and flows, and gradually fills the cavity 3.
- the blank 5 is sufficiently flow-deformed to achieve the function of dense tissue.
- the billet 5 After the billet 5 is deformed by pressure, it fills the space of the nearest cavity 3, and then the pressure is increased, pushing the billet 5 to fill further, the whole filling process is from near to far, if the shape of the workpiece is relatively complicated, it has a larger The length of the part, then because the flow path of the blank 5 is too long, often resulting in poor molding, uneven texture of the workpiece, especially when forging a thin wall structure with a large length, the difficulty will be greatly increased;
- the wall thickness of the workpiece is often deliberately increased during the design of the mold, which brings about a negative effect of increasing the amount of machining in the later stage, and the process is complicated and economically unreasonable;
- the pressure can be gradually increased to the preset maximum molding pressure, and then the pressure is maintained. At this time, due to the influence of the frictional resistance, the pressure applied to the lower portion of the blank 5 is inevitably smaller than the upper portion of the blank 5 The pressure received causes the force of the entire workpiece to be unbalanced;
- the blank material flow should fill the cavity 3, at least the frictional resistance of the inner and outer surfaces, the frictional resistance required for molding is large, the molding pressure is high, and the mold is easy to wear and has a short service life;
- Mold lubrication requirements are high. Due to the difference in lubrication of the mold surface, the resistance of the flow channel is uneven. It is easy to lubricate the position with low resistance. It is easy to form the flow prematurely. The position with high lubrication resistance is likely to form the flow too late. The entire forming end face is prone to material folding and flow disorder, which affects product quality.
- the present disclosure proposes a pressure forming device that can solve the problem of molding difficulty and unevenness of the shape of the formed workpiece caused by the too long flow path of the blank.
- the present disclosure also proposes a pressure forming method with high machining precision and small cutting allowance for a workpiece having a large length.
- a pressure forming device comprising: an upper die, a lower die and a movable die
- the upper mold and the lower mold are oppositely disposed and relatively movable;
- the movable mold is disposed at at least one of: being inserted into the lower mold and sleeved outside the upper mold and the lower mold;
- the movable mold is movable up and down with respect to the upper mold and the lower mold;
- the upper mold, the lower mold and the movable mold together form a cavity, and the movable mold can be dynamically increased relative to the upper mold and the lower mold during molding of the blank to be processed.
- the volume of the mold cavity is the volume of the mold cavity.
- the movable mold is sleeved outside the upper mold and the lower mold, and a projected area of an upper surface of the lower mold is not equal to a projected area of a lower surface of the upper mold.
- the moving mold comprises at least two sub-moving molds arranged to move in a radial direction of the sub-moving mold under the driving of the power unit.
- the lower die includes at least two sub-dies that are radially movable under the drive of the power unit to cause the lower die to expand or contract in its own radial direction.
- all of the sub-die forms a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, and after the pressure forming is finished, the motor is driven to move radially outward to drive the lower mold to expand. The inner side is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold.
- the lower die includes at least two sub-dies that are fan-shaped and at least two sub-dies that are in the shape of a dove, the sub-die of the fan shape and the sub-die of the dome shape are arranged in a cross All of the sub-dies are arranged to form a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, and the sub-die and the fan-shaped sub-die are sequentially formed along the power device after the pressure forming is completed. The inner side is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold.
- the gap width between the sidewall of the movable mold and the sidewall of the lower mold satisfies at least one of: unequal along the circumferential direction of the lower mold 2, and an axis along the lower mold 2 Not waiting.
- the movable mold is moved by a power device at a predetermined speed in a direction to increase the volume of the cavity to deform the blank and fill the cavity space formed by the movement of the movable mold until the movable mode moves.
- a power device at a predetermined speed in a direction to increase the volume of the cavity to deform the blank and fill the cavity space formed by the movement of the movable mold until the movable mode moves.
- the pressure applied to the upper mold and the lower mold is removed to open the pressure forming device and take out the workpiece.
- the pressure is applied to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and pressure is transmitted to the blank, and the pressure applied to the upper mold and/or the lower mold is pre- a maximum forming pressure P, at which pressure is applied to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, pressure is transmitted to the blank, until the movable mold 4 is moved to a dead center, and the cavity 3 is formed.
- the pressure value is always maintained during the forming process of the workpiece.
- the movable mold is sleeved outside the upper mold and the lower mold, and the method for opening the pressure forming device during the taking out of the workpiece comprises:
- the sub-die is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold to separate the lower mold from the workpiece.
- the movable mold 4 is sleeved outside the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and the opening pressure forming device comprises:
- the sub-die 21 is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold 2, and the lower mold 2 is separated from the workpiece.
- the moving the sub-die 21 radially inwardly shrinks the lower mold 2 The lower die 2 is separated from the workpiece and further includes:
- the volume of the mold cavity is dynamically increased, and the billet will quickly fill the enlarged space in time to start filling from the nearest point, thus ensuring the filling.
- the billet only takes the shortest process, the billet process is balanced, the streamline is even and stable, and the workpiece quality is uniform;
- the movement speed of the outer mold can be controlled to accurately control the increase speed of the cavity volume, thereby achieving a perfect balance between the deformation amount of the blank and the volume increase of the cavity, and avoiding the deformation of the blank in the conventional pressure forming device. And the problem of difficulty in controlling the flow rate;
- the pressure can be kept at the maximum during the whole molding process and the movement of the movable mold can be stopped at any time to maintain the pressure on the workpiece.
- the strength of the billet structure is balanced and stable, and the quality of the formed workpiece is better, which avoids the traditional die forging process can only be completed at the end of the die forging.
- the frictional resistance of the flow is from a friction surface of the upper or lower mold, the frictional resistance required to be formed is low, the molding pressure is low, the average life of the apparatus is long, and the cost is low;
- the pressure forming method based on the above-described pressure forming apparatus provided by the present disclosure has high processing precision and a small cutting allowance for a workpiece having a large length and a thin wall thickness.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pressure forming process of a pressure forming device in the related art
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pressure forming process of a pressure forming device of a first structure according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pressure forming apparatus of a second structure according to an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in a contracted state according to an embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in an open state according to an embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in a contracted state according to another embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in an open state according to another embodiment.
- the pressure forming device provided in this embodiment comprises: an upper die 1, a lower die 2 and a movable die 4.
- the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are oppositely disposed and relatively movable, and the movable die 4 is sleeved outside the upper die 1 and the lower die 2.
- the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 can move up and down, the upper mold 1, the lower mold 2 and the movable mold 4 together form a cavity 3.
- the movable mold 4 moves relative to the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and the movable mold
- the gap between the inner wall of 4 and the outer wall of the upper die 1 or the lower die 2 is increased to dynamically increase the volume of the cavity 3;
- the pressure forming device further includes a pressure assembly that provides pressure to the pressure forming device.
- the pressure component can be a hydraulic cylinder.
- the pressure forming device provided in this embodiment comprises: a movable mold 4 which can move up and down with respect to the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2.
- the volume of the cavity 3 is dynamically increased, and the blank 5 is quickly and continuously filled.
- the large cavity space starts to fill from the nearest point, which ensures that the blank 5 is the shortest process, the billet 5 is balanced, the streamline is even and stable, and the workpiece texture is uniform, and because the billet 5 process is short.
- the movement speed of the outer mold can be controlled to accurately control the increase speed of the cavity 3 volume, thereby achieving a perfect balance between the deformation amount of the blank 5 and the volume increase of the cavity 3, avoiding the tradition.
- the deformation amount and the flow velocity of the blank 5 after the force is hard to control; in addition, the pressure can be kept the maximum during the entire molding process and the movement of the movable mold 4 can be stopped at any time to protect the workpiece.
- the material structure of the billet is balanced and stable, and the quality of the formed workpiece is better, which avoids the problem that the conventional die forging can only maintain the pressure and the unevenness of the workpiece at the end of the die forging; furthermore, because the movable mold 4 can Moving, so the frictional resistance of the flow is from a friction surface of the upper die 1 or the lower die 2, the frictional resistance required for molding is low, the molding pressure is low, the average life of the device is long, and the cost is low; The flow of the stroke occurs, so the difference in resistance does not cause a change in the quality of the molding, so It can guarantee the stability of product quality and low lubrication requirements.
- the projected area of the upper surface of the lower mold 2 is not equal to the projected area of the lower surface of the upper mold 1, so that the blank 5 flows during the molding process.
- the movable mold 4 includes at least two sub-moving molds that are radially movable under the driving of the power unit to facilitate opening of the sub-moving mold by radially outwardly after the molding process ends.
- Mode 4 The number of sub-moving molds is not particularly limited, and can be specifically set according to the size of the pressure forming device and the workpiece.
- the power unit for driving the movable mold to move up and down with respect to the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 and to drive the movable mold to move in the radial direction may be a hydraulic cylinder.
- the lower mold 2 includes at least two sub-down molds that are radially movable under the driving of the power unit to cause the lower mold 2 to expand and contract in the radial direction.
- the power unit for driving the lower mold can be a hydraulic cylinder.
- the gap width between the sidewall of the movable mold 4 and the sidewall of the lower mold 2 is not equal along the circumferential direction of the lower mold 2; or is unequal in the axial parallel direction of the lower mold 2;
- the gap width between the side wall of 4 and the side wall of the lower mold 2 is unequal in the circumferential direction and is not equal in the axial direction.
- the upper mold 1, the lower mold 2 and the movable mold 4 together form a cavity 3, and the cavity 3 has an irregular shape, and the gap width between the upper portion and the lower mold 2 of the movable mold 4 portion on the left side in the figure is shown.
- D1 is smaller than the gap width d2 between the upper portion of the movable mold 4 portion on the right side in the drawing and the lower mold 2, and the gap width d2 between the upper portion and the lower mold 2 of the movable mold 4 portion on the right side in the drawing is smaller than the lower portion and the lower portion thereof.
- the billet 5 is deformed downward to fill the cavity 3, d2 is larger than d1, and the forming resistance is low, the billet 5 is preferentially filled with a space having a gap width of d2, and the billet 5 passes through the gap width.
- the cavity 3 is dynamically increased, and the blank 5 is gradually filled into the cavity 3 from the lower portion, so the lower gap width is obtained.
- the d3 position has a large cross section and a large space, but it is also filled first.
- the movable mold 4 is controlled to gradually decrease, and the blank 5 gradually fills the vacant space, so although the dimensions of d1 and d2 are different. Large, segregation of the flow does not occur, the position of the two will be filled simultaneously with the flow, so that the formation of workpieces with unequal wall thickness and axial unequal wall thickness in the circumferential direction can be well realized.
- the embodiment further provides a pressure forming method based on the above pressure forming device, comprising:
- the blank 5 to be processed is placed in a cavity 3 surrounded by the upper mold 1, the lower mold 2 and the movable mold 4;
- the movable mold 4 is moved at a predetermined speed under the driving of the power unit to increase the volume of the cavity 3, and the billet 5 is rapidly deformed and filled with the cavity space formed by the movement of the movable mold 4 until the movable mold 4 moves to the end.
- the pressure applied to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 is removed, the pressure forming device is opened, and the workpiece is taken out.
- the pressure forming method based on the above-described pressure forming apparatus provided by the present embodiment has high processing precision for a workpiece having a large length and a small wall thickness, uniform workpiece texture, and small cutting allowance.
- the embodiment provides a pressure forming device, the structure of which is different from the pressure forming device provided by the above embodiment in that, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, all of the sub-die 21 are formed into a solid cylinder or hollow during the pressure forming process.
- the cylinder after the end of the pressure forming, is first moved radially outwardly under the driving of the power unit to expand the lower mold and then move radially inward to contract the lower mold.
- the power unit for driving the lower mold 21 in the radial direction may be a hydraulic cylinder disposed in a direction parallel to the axis of the pressure forming device and connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder to convert the linear reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder output into the radial direction. Movement mechanism.
- the embodiment further provides a pressure forming method based on the above pressure forming device, which is different from the pressure forming method provided in the first embodiment described above in that:
- the method of opening the pressure forming device during the taking out of the workpiece includes:
- the sub-die 21 is moved radially outward to cause the lower mold 2 to expand the workpiece in a radial direction, and then the sub-die 21 is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold to separate the lower mold 2 from the workpiece.
- the step of raising the step of returning to the upper mold 1 and moving the sub-moving mold radially outward to open the movable mold 4 is not limited, that is, the step of returning to the upper mold 1 may be performed first, and then the radial movement of the sub-moving mold may be performed.
- the step of moving the movable mold 4 to the outer side is also performed, and the step of moving the movable mold radially outward to open the movable mold 4 can be advanced, and the step of raising and returning to the upper mold 1 is performed.
- the embodiment provides a pressure forming device, the structure of which is different from the pressure forming device provided by the above embodiment in that, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the lower die includes at least two sub-dies 21 which are fan-shaped and There are two sub-shaped lower molds 21, the fan-shaped sub-lower mold 21 and the sub-shaped sub-low mold 21 are alternately arranged, and all the sub-low molds 21 form a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, at the end of the pressure forming.
- the sub-die 21 and the fan-shaped sub-die 21, which are driven by the power unit, are sequentially moved radially inwardly to contract the lower mold.
- the embodiment further provides a pressure forming method based on the above pressure forming device, which is different from the pressure forming method provided by the above embodiment in that:
- the method of opening the pressure forming device during the removal of the workpiece includes:
- the lower mold 21 is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold 2, and the lower mold 2 is separated from the workpiece.
- the sub-lower mold 21 in the shape of a dome and the sub-low mold 21 in the fan shape are sequentially radially. Moving inward to contract the lower die 2;
- the order of raising the returning upper mold 1 and moving the sub-moving mold radially outward to open the movable mold 4 is not limited.
- Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
- the embodiment provides a pressure forming device, which has the same structure as the pressure forming device provided by the above embodiment, and includes an upper die, a lower die and a movable die.
- the upper die and the lower die are oppositely arranged and relatively movable, and the movable die is inserted.
- the lower mold the upper mold, the lower mold and the movable mold together form a cavity.
- the movable mold moves relative to the upper mold and the lower mold, and the gap between the outer wall of the movable mold and the inner wall of the lower mold increases.
- the volume of the cavity is increased;
- the pressure forming device further includes a pressure assembly that provides pressure to the pressure forming device.
- the pressure component can be a hydraulic cylinder.
- a set of movable molds disposed on the outer side of the upper mold and the lower mold and movable relative to the upper mold and the lower mold may be simultaneously provided.
- the volume of the cavity of the pressure forming device can be dynamically increased, so that the billet flow is shorter, the billet flow is more balanced, the streamline is more uniform and the workpiece texture is more uniform.
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Abstract
Disclosed are a pressure forming device and a corresponding pressure forming method. The pressure forming device comprises an upper mould (1), a lower mould (2) and a movable mould (4), wherein the upper mould (1) and the lower mould (2) are arranged opposite each other and can move relative to each other, and the movable mould (4) is arranged in at least one of the following cases: the movable mould is inserted into the lower mould (2) and is sheathed outside the upper mould (1) and the lower mould (2), and the movable mould (4) is able to move up and down relative to the upper mould (1) and the lower mould (2); the upper mould (1), the lower mould (2) and the movable mould (4) jointly enclose a mould cavity (3); and during the forming process of a blank to be processed, the movable mould (4) is able to move up and down relative to the upper mould (1) and the lower mould (2), so as to dynamically increase the volume of the mould cavity (3). The pressure forming device and the corresponding pressure forming method are high in machining precision and small in cutting machining allowance for workpieces with a relatively large length and a relatively thin wall thickness.
Description
本公开涉及金属工件加工技术领域,例如涉及一种压力成型装置及基于所述压力成型装置的压力成型方法。The present disclosure relates to the field of metal workpiece processing technology, for example, to a pressure forming apparatus and a pressure forming method based on the pressure forming apparatus.
模锻是在外力的作用下使金属坯料在模具内产生塑性变形并充满模腔,以获得所需形状和尺寸的锻件的锻造方法。在模锻加工中,坯料整体发生明显的塑性变形,有较大量的塑性流动;流动的胚料充填模腔,充满后,保持压力,形成需要的形状。Die forging is a forging method in which a metal blank is plastically deformed in a mold under an external force and filled into a cavity to obtain a forged piece of a desired shape and size. In the die forging process, the billet overall undergoes significant plastic deformation, and a large amount of plastic flow; the flowing billet fills the cavity, and after filling, maintains the pressure to form the desired shape.
大多数金属是在热态下模锻的,所以模锻也称为热模锻。与自由锻相比,模锻能够锻出形状更为复杂、尺寸比较准确的锻件,生产效率比较高,可以大量生产形状和尺寸都基本相同的锻件,便于随后的切削加工过程采用自动机床和自动生产线。模锻后的锻件内部形成带有方向性的纤维组织,即流线。选定合理的模锻工艺和模具,使流线的分布与零件的外形一致,可以显著提高锻件的机械性能。Most metals are die forged in the hot state, so die forging is also known as hot die forging. Compared with free forging, die forging can forge forgings with more complex shapes and relatively accurate dimensions, and the production efficiency is relatively high. It can mass produce forgings with the same shape and size, which is convenient for the subsequent cutting process using automatic machine tools and automatic production line. The forged piece after forging has a directional fibrous structure, that is, a streamline. The reasonable die forging process and the mold are selected to make the distribution of the streamline consistent with the shape of the part, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the forging.
通常的模锻模具和基于该模具的模锻工艺如图1所示。如图1中a所示,模锻模具包括相对设置且可相对运动的上模1和下模2,上模1与下模2之间形成模腔3;如图1中b所示,模腔3内放入胚料5,压力P作用在上模进而作用于胚料5;如图1中c所示,在压力P的作用下,胚料5发生变形流动,逐渐填充模腔3的空隙,同时上模1向下移动,持续对胚料5施加压力;如图1中d所示,胚料5填充满模腔所有空隙,上模1向下移动到极限位置,压力P继续保持一段时间,使胚料5充分流动变形,达到致密组织的作用。A typical die forging die and a die forging process based on the die are shown in FIG. As shown in a of FIG. 1, the die forging die includes an upper die 1 and a lower die 2 which are oppositely disposed and relatively movable, and a cavity 3 is formed between the upper die 1 and the lower die 2; as shown by b in FIG. The billet 5 is placed in the cavity 3, and the pressure P acts on the upper mold to act on the billet 5; as shown by c in Fig. 1, under the action of the pressure P, the billet 5 is deformed and flows, and gradually fills the cavity 3. The gap, while the upper die 1 moves downward, continuously applies pressure to the blank 5; as shown by d in Fig. 1, the blank 5 fills all the voids in the cavity, and the upper die 1 moves downward to the extreme position, and the pressure P continues to be maintained. For a period of time, the blank 5 is sufficiently flow-deformed to achieve the function of dense tissue.
但是,上述传统的模锻模具和模锻工艺存在以下缺点:However, the above conventional die forging die and die forging process have the following disadvantages:
胚料5受压变形后填充最近的模腔3空间,然后压力增大、推动着胚料5向更远处填充,整个填充过程是由近及远,如果工件的形状比较复杂,具有较大长度的部位,那么由于胚料5的流动路程太长,往往导致成型不好、工件质地不均匀,尤其是在锻造有较大长度的薄壁结构时,难度会大大增加;After the billet 5 is deformed by pressure, it fills the space of the nearest cavity 3, and then the pressure is increased, pushing the billet 5 to fill further, the whole filling process is from near to far, if the shape of the workpiece is relatively complicated, it has a larger The length of the part, then because the flow path of the blank 5 is too long, often resulting in poor molding, uneven texture of the workpiece, especially when forging a thin wall structure with a large length, the difficulty will be greatly increased;
为了能够良好的成型,往往在模具设计时,刻意增加工件的壁厚,这就带来增加后期机加工切削量的负面效果,工序复杂、经济上不合理;
In order to be able to form well, the wall thickness of the workpiece is often deliberately increased during the design of the mold, which brings about a negative effect of increasing the amount of machining in the later stage, and the process is complicated and economically unreasonable;
胚料5变形流动充满模腔3后,压力才能够逐步上升到预设的最大成型压力,然后保压,这时候由于摩擦阻力的影响,胚料5下部受到的压力势必会小于胚料5上部受到的压力,导致整个工件的受力不均衡;After the deformation of the blank 5 is filled and filled into the cavity 3, the pressure can be gradually increased to the preset maximum molding pressure, and then the pressure is maintained. At this time, due to the influence of the frictional resistance, the pressure applied to the lower portion of the blank 5 is inevitably smaller than the upper portion of the blank 5 The pressure received causes the force of the entire workpiece to be unbalanced;
胚料料流要填满模腔3,至少受到内外两个面的摩擦阻力,成型所需克服的摩擦阻力大、成型压力高,且模具易磨损、使用寿命短;The blank material flow should fill the cavity 3, at least the frictional resistance of the inner and outer surfaces, the frictional resistance required for molding is large, the molding pressure is high, and the mold is easy to wear and has a short service life;
模具润滑要求高,由于模具表面润滑的差异容易导致料流通道阻力的不均等,润滑好阻力低的位置,容易过早形成料流,润滑差阻力高的位置容易过晚形成料流,这样,整个成型端面上就容易造成物料的折叠和料流的紊乱,影响产品质量。Mold lubrication requirements are high. Due to the difference in lubrication of the mold surface, the resistance of the flow channel is uneven. It is easy to lubricate the position with low resistance. It is easy to form the flow prematurely. The position with high lubrication resistance is likely to form the flow too late. The entire forming end face is prone to material folding and flow disorder, which affects product quality.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本公开提出一种可以解决胚料流动路程太远而导致的成型困难、成型工件质地不均匀问题的压力成型装置。The present disclosure proposes a pressure forming device that can solve the problem of molding difficulty and unevenness of the shape of the formed workpiece caused by the too long flow path of the blank.
本公开还提出一种对长度较大的工件的加工精度高、切削余量小的压力成型方法。The present disclosure also proposes a pressure forming method with high machining precision and small cutting allowance for a workpiece having a large length.
一种压力成型装置,包括:上模、下模和动模;A pressure forming device comprising: an upper die, a lower die and a movable die;
所述上模和所述下模相对设置且可相对运动;The upper mold and the lower mold are oppositely disposed and relatively movable;
所述动模设置于下述至少一处:插设于所述下模中以及套设于所述上模和所述下模外;The movable mold is disposed at at least one of: being inserted into the lower mold and sleeved outside the upper mold and the lower mold;
且所述动模可相对所述上模和所述下模上下运动;以及And the movable mold is movable up and down with respect to the upper mold and the lower mold;
所述上模、所述下模和所述动模共同围成模腔,在待加工的胚料成型过程中,所述动模可相对所述上模和所述下模运动以动态增大所述模腔的体积。The upper mold, the lower mold and the movable mold together form a cavity, and the movable mold can be dynamically increased relative to the upper mold and the lower mold during molding of the blank to be processed. The volume of the mold cavity.
可选地,所述动模套设于所述上模和所述下模外,所述下模的上表面的投影面积与所述上模的下表面的投影面积不相等。Optionally, the movable mold is sleeved outside the upper mold and the lower mold, and a projected area of an upper surface of the lower mold is not equal to a projected area of a lower surface of the upper mold.
可选地,所述动模包括至少两个子动模,所述子动模设置为在动力装置的驱动下沿所述子动模的径向运动。Optionally, the moving mold comprises at least two sub-moving molds arranged to move in a radial direction of the sub-moving mold under the driving of the power unit.
可选地,所述下模包括至少两个子下模,所述子下模可在动力装置的驱动下沿径向运动以使得所述下模沿自身的径向扩张或收缩。Optionally, the lower die includes at least two sub-dies that are radially movable under the drive of the power unit to cause the lower die to expand or contract in its own radial direction.
可选地,所有所述子下模在压力成型过程中形成实心圆柱体或中空圆柱体,在压力成型结束后在动力装置驱动下先沿径向向外侧运动以使得所述下模扩张、再沿径向向内侧运动以使得所述下模收缩。
Optionally, all of the sub-die forms a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, and after the pressure forming is finished, the motor is driven to move radially outward to drive the lower mold to expand. The inner side is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold.
可选地,所述下模包括至少两个呈扇形的子下模和至少两个呈锲形的子下模,呈扇形的所述子下模和呈锲形的所述子下模交叉设置,所有所述子下模设置为在压力成型过程中形成中空圆柱体,且在压力成型结束后在动力装置驱动下呈锲形的所述子下模和呈扇形的所述子下模依次沿径向向内侧运动以使得所述下模收缩。Optionally, the lower die includes at least two sub-dies that are fan-shaped and at least two sub-dies that are in the shape of a dove, the sub-die of the fan shape and the sub-die of the dome shape are arranged in a cross All of the sub-dies are arranged to form a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, and the sub-die and the fan-shaped sub-die are sequentially formed along the power device after the pressure forming is completed. The inner side is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold.
可选地,所述动模的侧壁与所述下模侧壁间的间隙宽度满足下述至少一项:沿所述下模2的周向不等,以及沿所述下模2的轴向不等。Optionally, the gap width between the sidewall of the movable mold and the sidewall of the lower mold satisfies at least one of: unequal along the circumferential direction of the lower mold 2, and an axis along the lower mold 2 Not waiting.
一种应用于上述任一所述的压力成型装置的压力成型方法,包括:A pressure forming method applied to any of the pressure forming devices described above, comprising:
将待加工的胚料置于由所述上模、所述下模和所述动模围成的模腔中;Putting the blank to be processed into a cavity surrounded by the upper mold, the lower mold and the movable mold;
对所述上模和所述下模中至少一个施加压力,压力传递到胚料上;Applying pressure to at least one of the upper mold and the lower mold, and transmitting pressure to the billet;
所述动模在动力装置的驱动下以预定速度向使模腔体积增大的方向运动,以使胚料变形并填充由所述动模运动所形成的模腔空间,直至所述动模运动到止点,模腔成型、工件成型;以及The movable mold is moved by a power device at a predetermined speed in a direction to increase the volume of the cavity to deform the blank and fill the cavity space formed by the movement of the movable mold until the movable mode moves. To the end, cavity molding, workpiece forming;
去除对所述上模和所述下模施加的压力,以打开所述压力成型装置以及取出工件。The pressure applied to the upper mold and the lower mold is removed to open the pressure forming device and take out the workpiece.
可选地,所述对所述上模1和所述下模2中至少一个施加压力,压力传递到胚料上过程中,对所述上模和/或所述下模施加的压力为预设的最大成型压力P,在所述对所述上模1和所述下模2中至少一个施加压力,压力传递到胚料上,至所述动模4运动到止点,模腔3成型、工件成型过程中始终保持压力值为P。Optionally, the pressure is applied to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and pressure is transmitted to the blank, and the pressure applied to the upper mold and/or the lower mold is pre- a maximum forming pressure P, at which pressure is applied to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, pressure is transmitted to the blank, until the movable mold 4 is moved to a dead center, and the cavity 3 is formed. The pressure value is always maintained during the forming process of the workpiece.
可选地,所述动模套设于所述上模和所述下模外,取出工件过程中打开压力成型装置的方法包括:Optionally, the movable mold is sleeved outside the upper mold and the lower mold, and the method for opening the pressure forming device during the taking out of the workpiece comprises:
升高返回所述上模;Raising back to the upper mold;
使所述动模的子动模沿径向向外侧运动以打开所述动模;以及Moving the sub-mold of the movable mold radially outward to open the movable mold;
使所述子下模沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模,将所述下模与工件分离。The sub-die is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold to separate the lower mold from the workpiece.
可选地,所述动模4套设于所述上模1和所述下模2外,所述打开压力成型装置包括:Optionally, the movable mold 4 is sleeved outside the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and the opening pressure forming device comprises:
使所述动模4的子动模沿径向向外侧运动以打开所述动模4;Moving the movable mold of the movable mold 4 radially outward to open the movable mold 4;
升高返回所述上模1;以及Raising back to the upper die 1;
使所述子下模21沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模2,将所述下模2与工件分离。The sub-die 21 is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold 2, and the lower mold 2 is separated from the workpiece.
可选地,所述使所述子下模21沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模2,将所述
下模2与工件分离,还包括:Optionally, the moving the sub-die 21 radially inwardly shrinks the lower mold 2,
The lower die 2 is separated from the workpiece and further includes:
使所述下模2的子下模21沿径向向外侧运动以使得所述下模2沿径向扩张撑开工件,然后使所述子下模21沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模2,将所述下模2与工件分离。Moving the sub-die 21 of the lower mold 2 radially outward to cause the lower mold 2 to expand the workpiece in a radial direction, and then moving the sub-die 21 radially inward to contract the lower portion The die 2 separates the lower die 2 from the workpiece.
本公开压力成型装置具有以下优点:The pressure forming device of the present disclosure has the following advantages:
包括可以相对于上模和下模上下运动的动模,在压力成型过程中,模腔的体积动态增大,胚料会及时快速填补增大的空间从最近点开始充型,这样就保证了胚料只走最短的流程、胚料流程均衡、流线均匀稳定并且工件质量均匀;Including the movable mold which can move up and down with respect to the upper mold and the lower mold, during the pressure forming process, the volume of the mold cavity is dynamically increased, and the billet will quickly fill the enlarged space in time to start filling from the nearest point, thus ensuring the filling. The billet only takes the shortest process, the billet process is balanced, the streamline is even and stable, and the workpiece quality is uniform;
由于胚料流程短,在模具设计时候,不需要过多考虑为减少阻力而放大料流经过通道的圆角过渡、不需要为保证料流通畅而加大壁厚的设计、对薄壁零件的加工精度高并且切削余量小,甚至不再切削;Since the billet flow is short, in the mold design, it is not necessary to consider the rounding transition of the flow through the passage to reduce the resistance, the design that does not need to increase the wall thickness to ensure the smooth flow of the material, and the thin-walled parts. High machining accuracy and small cutting allowance, even no longer cutting;
可以通过控制外模的运动速度精确控制模腔体积的增加速度,实现胚料的变形量与模腔体积的增加量之间的完美平衡,避免了传统压力成型装置中胚料受力后变形量及流动速度难以控制的问题;The movement speed of the outer mold can be controlled to accurately control the increase speed of the cavity volume, thereby achieving a perfect balance between the deformation amount of the blank and the volume increase of the cavity, and avoiding the deformation of the blank in the conventional pressure forming device. And the problem of difficulty in controlling the flow rate;
整个成型过程中压力可以一直保持最大并且可以随时停止动模的运动对工件保压,胚料组织受力均衡稳定,成型的工件质量更好,避免了传统模锻工艺只能够在模锻结束的阶段实施保压、工件质地不均匀的问题;The pressure can be kept at the maximum during the whole molding process and the movement of the movable mold can be stopped at any time to maintain the pressure on the workpiece. The strength of the billet structure is balanced and stable, and the quality of the formed workpiece is better, which avoids the traditional die forging process can only be completed at the end of the die forging. The problem of maintaining pressure and uneven workpiece texture during the stage;
因为动模是可以移动的,所以料流受到的摩擦阻力来自上模或下模的一个摩擦面,成型所需克服的摩擦阻力低,成型压力低、装置的平均寿命长并且成本低;并且Since the movable mold is movable, the frictional resistance of the flow is from a friction surface of the upper or lower mold, the frictional resistance required to be formed is low, the molding pressure is low, the average life of the apparatus is long, and the cost is low;
润滑要求低。Low lubrication requirements.
本公开提供的基于上述压力成型装置的压力成型方法对长度较大、壁厚较薄的工件的加工精度高并且切削加工余量小。The pressure forming method based on the above-described pressure forming apparatus provided by the present disclosure has high processing precision and a small cutting allowance for a workpiece having a large length and a thin wall thickness.
图1是相关技术中压力成型装置的压力成型过程的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural view of a pressure forming process of a pressure forming device in the related art;
图2是一实施例提供的第一种结构的压力成型装置的压力成型过程的结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural view of a pressure forming process of a pressure forming device of a first structure according to an embodiment;
图3是一实施例提供的第二种结构的压力成型装置的结构示意图;3 is a schematic structural view of a pressure forming apparatus of a second structure according to an embodiment;
图4是一实施例提供的下模处于收缩状态的结构示意图;4 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in a contracted state according to an embodiment;
图5是一实施例提供的下模处于张开状态的结构示意图;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in an open state according to an embodiment; FIG.
图6是另一实施例提供的下模处于收缩状态的结构示意图;6 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in a contracted state according to another embodiment;
图7是另一实施例提供的下模处于张开状态的结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold in an open state according to another embodiment.
图中:In the picture:
1、上模;2、下模;3、模腔;4、动模;5、胚料;21、子下模。1, the upper mold; 2, the lower mold; 3, the mold cavity; 4, the movable mold; 5, the billet; 21, the sub-die.
本实施例的描述中,需要理解地是,术语“上”、“下”、“内”以及“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而并不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the embodiments, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship of the terms "upper", "lower", "inside" and "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for the purpose of The invention is not limited by the scope of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
本实施例提供的压力成型装置包括:上模1、下模2和动模4,上模1和下模2相对设置且可相对运动,动模4套设于上模1和下模2外且可相对上模1和下模2上下运动,上模1、下模2和动模4共同围成模腔3,成型过程中,动模4相对上模1和下模2运动,动模4的内壁与上模1或下模2的外壁间的间隙增大以动态增大模腔3的体积;压力成型装置还包括压力组件,压力组件为压力成型装置提供压力。压力组件可以为液压缸。The pressure forming device provided in this embodiment comprises: an upper die 1, a lower die 2 and a movable die 4. The upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are oppositely disposed and relatively movable, and the movable die 4 is sleeved outside the upper die 1 and the lower die 2. And the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 can move up and down, the upper mold 1, the lower mold 2 and the movable mold 4 together form a cavity 3. During the molding process, the movable mold 4 moves relative to the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and the movable mold The gap between the inner wall of 4 and the outer wall of the upper die 1 or the lower die 2 is increased to dynamically increase the volume of the cavity 3; the pressure forming device further includes a pressure assembly that provides pressure to the pressure forming device. The pressure component can be a hydraulic cylinder.
本实施例提供的压力成型装置包括:可以相对于上模1和下模2上下运动的动模4,在压力成型过程中,模腔3的体积动态增大,胚料5会及时快速填补增大的模腔空间、从最近点开始充型,这样就保证了胚料5只走最短的流程、胚料5流程均衡、流线均匀稳定并且工件质地均匀,且由于胚料5流程短,在模具设计时候,不需要过多考虑为减少阻力而放大料流经过通道的圆角过渡、不需要为保证料流通畅而加大壁厚的设计、对薄壁零件的加工精度高、切削余量小甚至不再切削;同时,可以通过控制外模的运动速度精确控制模腔3体积的增加速度,实现胚料5的变形量与模腔3体积的增加量之间的完美平衡,避免了传统压力成型装置中胚料5受力后变形量及流动速度难以控制的问题;另外,整个成型过程中压力可以一直保持最大并且可以随时停止动模4的运动对工件保压,胚料组织受力均衡稳定,成型的工件质量更好,避免了传统模锻只能够在模锻结束的阶段实施保压、工件质地不均匀的问题;再者,因为动模4是可以移动的,所以料流受到的摩擦阻力来自上模1或下模2的一个摩擦面,成型所需克服的摩擦阻力低,成型压力低、装置的平均寿命长、成本低;再者,没有大行程的料流出现,所以,阻力的差异不会造成成型质量的变化,这样就
能够保证产品质量的稳定、润滑要求低。The pressure forming device provided in this embodiment comprises: a movable mold 4 which can move up and down with respect to the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2. During the pressure forming process, the volume of the cavity 3 is dynamically increased, and the blank 5 is quickly and continuously filled. The large cavity space starts to fill from the nearest point, which ensures that the blank 5 is the shortest process, the billet 5 is balanced, the streamline is even and stable, and the workpiece texture is uniform, and because the billet 5 process is short, When designing the mold, it is not necessary to consider the rounding transition of the flow through the passage to reduce the resistance, the design that does not need to increase the wall thickness to ensure the smooth flow of the material, the processing precision for the thin-walled parts, and the cutting allowance. Small or even no longer cut; at the same time, the movement speed of the outer mold can be controlled to accurately control the increase speed of the cavity 3 volume, thereby achieving a perfect balance between the deformation amount of the blank 5 and the volume increase of the cavity 3, avoiding the tradition. In the pressure forming device, the deformation amount and the flow velocity of the blank 5 after the force is hard to control; in addition, the pressure can be kept the maximum during the entire molding process and the movement of the movable mold 4 can be stopped at any time to protect the workpiece. Pressure, the material structure of the billet is balanced and stable, and the quality of the formed workpiece is better, which avoids the problem that the conventional die forging can only maintain the pressure and the unevenness of the workpiece at the end of the die forging; furthermore, because the movable mold 4 can Moving, so the frictional resistance of the flow is from a friction surface of the upper die 1 or the lower die 2, the frictional resistance required for molding is low, the molding pressure is low, the average life of the device is long, and the cost is low; The flow of the stroke occurs, so the difference in resistance does not cause a change in the quality of the molding, so
It can guarantee the stability of product quality and low lubrication requirements.
可选地,下模2的上表面的投影面积与上模1的下表面的投影面积不相等,以便于胚料5在成型过程中流动。Alternatively, the projected area of the upper surface of the lower mold 2 is not equal to the projected area of the lower surface of the upper mold 1, so that the blank 5 flows during the molding process.
可选地,动模4包括至少两个子动模,子动模可在动力装置的驱动下沿径向运动,以便于在成型过程结束后,通过沿径向向外侧驱动子动模来打开动模4。子动模的数量不作具体限制,可以根据压力成型装置以及工件的尺寸进行具体设置。驱动子动模沿相对于上模1和下模2上下运动以及驱动子动模沿径向运动的动力装置均可以为液压缸。Optionally, the movable mold 4 includes at least two sub-moving molds that are radially movable under the driving of the power unit to facilitate opening of the sub-moving mold by radially outwardly after the molding process ends. Mode 4. The number of sub-moving molds is not particularly limited, and can be specifically set according to the size of the pressure forming device and the workpiece. The power unit for driving the movable mold to move up and down with respect to the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 and to drive the movable mold to move in the radial direction may be a hydraulic cylinder.
可选地,下模2包括至少两个子下模,子下模可在动力装置的驱动下沿径向运动以使得下模2沿径向扩张、收缩。以便于在成型过程结束后,通过沿径向运动子下模来将下模2和工件进行分离。驱动子下模运动的动力装置可以为液压缸。Alternatively, the lower mold 2 includes at least two sub-down molds that are radially movable under the driving of the power unit to cause the lower mold 2 to expand and contract in the radial direction. In order to separate the lower mold 2 and the workpiece by moving the sub-die radially in the radial direction after the end of the molding process. The power unit for driving the lower mold can be a hydraulic cylinder.
可选地,动模4的侧壁与下模2侧壁间的间隙宽度沿所述下模2的周向不等;或者沿所述下模2的轴向平行方向不等;或者动模4的侧壁与下模2侧壁间的间隙宽度沿周向不等,且沿轴向不等。如图3,上模1、下模2和动模4共同围成模腔3,模腔3为不规则形状,位于图中左侧的动模4部分的上部与下模2间的间隙宽度d1小于位于图中右侧的动模4部分的上部与下模2间的间隙宽度d2,位于图中右侧的动模4部分的上部与下模2间的间隙宽度d2小于其下部与下模2间的间隙宽度d3。在传统的模锻成型工艺中,胚料5受压向下变形填充模腔3,d2大于d1,成型阻力低,则胚料5优先充满间隙宽度为d2的空间,胚料5经过间隙宽度为d2的空间,来到下部间隙宽度为d3位置的时候,空间体积突然增大,下部的料流势必发生堆积作用,这样就容易发生折叠卷料。以上成型过程,难以保证流线的均匀稳定,产品质量无法保证,而本实施例的压力成型装置中,模腔3动态增大、胚料5从下部逐步填充模腔3,故虽然下部间隙宽度为d3位置的截面大、空间大,但也会优先填满,在填充过程中,动模4是可控的逐步下降,胚料5逐步填充空出的空间,所以,尽管d1和d2尺寸相差很大,也不会发生料流的偏析,二者的位置会同步被料流填满,从而能够很好的实现周向的不等壁厚、轴向的不等壁厚的工件的成型。Optionally, the gap width between the sidewall of the movable mold 4 and the sidewall of the lower mold 2 is not equal along the circumferential direction of the lower mold 2; or is unequal in the axial parallel direction of the lower mold 2; The gap width between the side wall of 4 and the side wall of the lower mold 2 is unequal in the circumferential direction and is not equal in the axial direction. As shown in Fig. 3, the upper mold 1, the lower mold 2 and the movable mold 4 together form a cavity 3, and the cavity 3 has an irregular shape, and the gap width between the upper portion and the lower mold 2 of the movable mold 4 portion on the left side in the figure is shown. D1 is smaller than the gap width d2 between the upper portion of the movable mold 4 portion on the right side in the drawing and the lower mold 2, and the gap width d2 between the upper portion and the lower mold 2 of the movable mold 4 portion on the right side in the drawing is smaller than the lower portion and the lower portion thereof. The gap width d3 between the dies 2. In the conventional die forging process, the billet 5 is deformed downward to fill the cavity 3, d2 is larger than d1, and the forming resistance is low, the billet 5 is preferentially filled with a space having a gap width of d2, and the billet 5 passes through the gap width. The space of d2, when the width of the lower gap is d3, the volume of the space suddenly increases, and the flow of the lower part is bound to accumulate, so that the folded material is likely to occur. In the above molding process, it is difficult to ensure uniform and stable flow lines, and the product quality cannot be guaranteed. In the pressure forming device of the embodiment, the cavity 3 is dynamically increased, and the blank 5 is gradually filled into the cavity 3 from the lower portion, so the lower gap width is obtained. The d3 position has a large cross section and a large space, but it is also filled first. During the filling process, the movable mold 4 is controlled to gradually decrease, and the blank 5 gradually fills the vacant space, so although the dimensions of d1 and d2 are different. Large, segregation of the flow does not occur, the position of the two will be filled simultaneously with the flow, so that the formation of workpieces with unequal wall thickness and axial unequal wall thickness in the circumferential direction can be well realized.
本实施例还提供了一种基于上述压力成型装置的压力成型方法,包括:The embodiment further provides a pressure forming method based on the above pressure forming device, comprising:
将待加工的胚料5置于由上模1、下模2和动模4围成的模腔3中;The blank 5 to be processed is placed in a cavity 3 surrounded by the upper mold 1, the lower mold 2 and the movable mold 4;
对上模1和下模2至少之一施加压力,压力传递到胚料5上;
Applying pressure to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, and the pressure is transmitted to the blank 5;
动模4在动力装置的驱动下以预定速度向使模腔3体积增大的方向运动,胚料5迅速变形并填充由动模4运动所形成的模腔空间,直至动模4运动到止点,模腔3成型、工件成型;以及The movable mold 4 is moved at a predetermined speed under the driving of the power unit to increase the volume of the cavity 3, and the billet 5 is rapidly deformed and filled with the cavity space formed by the movement of the movable mold 4 until the movable mold 4 moves to the end. Point, cavity 3 molding, workpiece forming;
去除对上模1和下模2至少之一施加的压力、打开压力成型装置并取出工件。The pressure applied to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 is removed, the pressure forming device is opened, and the workpiece is taken out.
对所述上模1和所述下模2至少之一施加压力,压力传递到胚料上过程中,可选地,对上模1和/或下模2施加的压力预设的最大成型压力P,并且在对所述上模1和所述下模2至少之一施加压力,至所述动模4运动到止点,模腔3成型以及工件成型过程中始终保持压力值为P。Applying pressure to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2, the pressure is transmitted to the blank, optionally, the maximum molding pressure preset to the pressure applied to the upper mold 1 and/or the lower mold 2 P, and applying pressure to at least one of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 until the movable mold 4 is moved to a dead point, the cavity 3 is formed and the pressure value is always maintained during the forming of the workpiece.
本实施例提供的基于上述压力成型装置的压力成型方法对长度较大、壁厚较薄的工件的加工精度高、工件质地均匀且切削加工余量小。The pressure forming method based on the above-described pressure forming apparatus provided by the present embodiment has high processing precision for a workpiece having a large length and a small wall thickness, uniform workpiece texture, and small cutting allowance.
本实施例提供了一种压力成型装置,其结构与上述实施例提供的压力成型装置不同之处在于:如图4和图5,所有子下模21在压力成型过程中形成实心圆柱体或中空圆柱体,在压力成型结束后在动力装置驱动下先沿径向向外侧运动以使得下模扩张、再沿径向向内侧运动以使得下模收缩。驱动子下模21沿径向运动的动力装置可以为沿与压力成型装置的轴线平行的方向设置的液压缸和与液压缸的输出轴连接并将液压缸输出的直线往复运动转变为沿径向运动的传动机构。The embodiment provides a pressure forming device, the structure of which is different from the pressure forming device provided by the above embodiment in that, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, all of the sub-die 21 are formed into a solid cylinder or hollow during the pressure forming process. The cylinder, after the end of the pressure forming, is first moved radially outwardly under the driving of the power unit to expand the lower mold and then move radially inward to contract the lower mold. The power unit for driving the lower mold 21 in the radial direction may be a hydraulic cylinder disposed in a direction parallel to the axis of the pressure forming device and connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder to convert the linear reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder output into the radial direction. Movement mechanism.
本实施例还提供了一种基于上述压力成型装置的压力成型方法,与上述实施例一提供的压力成型方法不同之处在于:The embodiment further provides a pressure forming method based on the above pressure forming device, which is different from the pressure forming method provided in the first embodiment described above in that:
所述取出工件过程中,打开压力成型装置的方法包括:The method of opening the pressure forming device during the taking out of the workpiece includes:
升高返回上模1;Raise back to the upper die 1;
使子动模沿径向向外侧运动打开动模4;以及Moving the sub-movement radially outward to open the movable mold 4;
使子下模21沿径向向外侧运动以使得下模2沿径向扩张撑开工件、然后使子下模21沿径向向内侧运动收缩下模,将下模2与工件分离,The sub-die 21 is moved radially outward to cause the lower mold 2 to expand the workpiece in a radial direction, and then the sub-die 21 is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold to separate the lower mold 2 from the workpiece.
其中,升高返回上模1与使子动模沿径向向外侧运动打开动模4步骤的次序不限,即可以先进行升高返回上模1步骤、再进行使子动模沿径向向外侧运动打开动模4步骤,也可以先进行使子动模沿径向向外侧运动打开动模4步骤,再进行升高返回上模1步骤。Wherein, the step of raising the step of returning to the upper mold 1 and moving the sub-moving mold radially outward to open the movable mold 4 is not limited, that is, the step of returning to the upper mold 1 may be performed first, and then the radial movement of the sub-moving mold may be performed. The step of moving the movable mold 4 to the outer side is also performed, and the step of moving the movable mold radially outward to open the movable mold 4 can be advanced, and the step of raising and returning to the upper mold 1 is performed.
本实施例提供了一种压力成型装置,其结构与上述实施例提供的压力成型装置不同之处在于:如图6和图7,下模包括至少两个呈扇形的子下模21和至
少两个呈锲形的子下模21,呈扇形的子下模21和呈锲形的子下模21交替设置,所有子下模21在压力成型过程中形成中空圆柱体,在压力成型结束后在动力装置驱动下呈锲形的子下模21和呈扇形的子下模21依次沿径向向内侧运动以使得下模收缩。The embodiment provides a pressure forming device, the structure of which is different from the pressure forming device provided by the above embodiment in that, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the lower die includes at least two sub-dies 21 which are fan-shaped and
There are two sub-shaped lower molds 21, the fan-shaped sub-lower mold 21 and the sub-shaped sub-low mold 21 are alternately arranged, and all the sub-low molds 21 form a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, at the end of the pressure forming. The sub-die 21 and the fan-shaped sub-die 21, which are driven by the power unit, are sequentially moved radially inwardly to contract the lower mold.
本实施例还提供了一种基于上述压力成型装置的压力成型方法,与上述实施例提供的压力成型方法不同之处在于:The embodiment further provides a pressure forming method based on the above pressure forming device, which is different from the pressure forming method provided by the above embodiment in that:
取出工件过程中打开压力成型装置的方法包括:The method of opening the pressure forming device during the removal of the workpiece includes:
升高返回上模1;Raise back to the upper die 1;
使子动模沿径向向外侧运动打开动模4;以及Moving the sub-movement radially outward to open the movable mold 4;
使子下模21沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模2,将下模2与工件分离,可选地,呈锲形的子下模21和呈扇形的子下模21依次沿径向向内侧运动以使得下模2收缩;The lower mold 21 is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold 2, and the lower mold 2 is separated from the workpiece. Alternatively, the sub-lower mold 21 in the shape of a dome and the sub-low mold 21 in the fan shape are sequentially radially. Moving inward to contract the lower die 2;
其中,升高返回上模1与使子动模沿径向向外侧运动打开动模4步骤的次序不限。Among them, the order of raising the returning upper mold 1 and moving the sub-moving mold radially outward to open the movable mold 4 is not limited.
实施例四:Embodiment 4:
本实施例提供了一种压力成型装置,其结构与上述实施例提供的压力成型装置基本相同,包括上模、下模和动模,上模和下模相对设置且可相对运动,动模插设于下模中,上模、下模和动模共同围成模腔,成型过程中,动模相对上模和下模运动,动模的外壁与下模的内壁间的间隙增大以动态增大模腔的体积;压力成型装置还包括压力组件,压力组件为压力成型装置提供压力。压力组件可以为液压缸。The embodiment provides a pressure forming device, which has the same structure as the pressure forming device provided by the above embodiment, and includes an upper die, a lower die and a movable die. The upper die and the lower die are oppositely arranged and relatively movable, and the movable die is inserted. In the lower mold, the upper mold, the lower mold and the movable mold together form a cavity. During the molding process, the movable mold moves relative to the upper mold and the lower mold, and the gap between the outer wall of the movable mold and the inner wall of the lower mold increases. The volume of the cavity is increased; the pressure forming device further includes a pressure assembly that provides pressure to the pressure forming device. The pressure component can be a hydraulic cylinder.
本实施例中还可以同时设置一套设于上模与下模外侧且可相对上模与下模运动的动模。In this embodiment, a set of movable molds disposed on the outer side of the upper mold and the lower mold and movable relative to the upper mold and the lower mold may be simultaneously provided.
本公开的压力成型装置及压力成型方法,压力成型装置模腔的体积可以动态增大,使得胚料流程更短、胚料流程更均衡、流线更均匀稳定并且工件质地更均匀。
According to the pressure forming device and the pressure forming method of the present disclosure, the volume of the cavity of the pressure forming device can be dynamically increased, so that the billet flow is shorter, the billet flow is more balanced, the streamline is more uniform and the workpiece texture is more uniform.
Claims (12)
- 一种压力成型装置,包括:上模(1)、下模(2)和动模(4);A pressure forming device comprising: an upper die (1), a lower die (2) and a movable die (4);所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)相对设置且可相对运动;The upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2) are oppositely disposed and relatively movable;所述动模(4)设置于下述至少一处:插设于所述下模(2)中以及套设于所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)外;The movable mold (4) is disposed at least one of the following: inserted in the lower mold (2) and sleeved outside the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2);且所述动模(4)可相对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)上下运动;以及And the movable mold (4) is movable up and down with respect to the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2);所述上模(1)、所述下模(2)和所述动模(4)共同围成模腔(3),在待加工的胚料成型过程中,所述动模(4)可相对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)运动以动态增大所述模腔(3)的体积。The upper mold (1), the lower mold (2) and the movable mold (4) together form a cavity (3), and during the molding process of the blank to be processed, the movable mold (4) can be Movement relative to the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2) to dynamically increase the volume of the mold cavity (3).
- 根据权利要求1所述的压力成型装置,其中,所述动模(4)套设于所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)外,所述下模(2)的上表面的投影面积与所述上模(1)的下表面的投影面积不相等。The pressure forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said movable mold (4) is sleeved outside said upper mold (1) and said lower mold (2), and said upper surface of said lower mold (2) The projected area is not equal to the projected area of the lower surface of the upper mold (1).
- 根据权利要求2所述的压力成型装置,其中,所述动模(4)包括至少两个子动模,所述子动模设置为在动力装置的驱动下沿所述子动模的径向运动。The pressure forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said movable mold (4) comprises at least two sub-movements arranged to move in a radial direction of said sub-movement under driving of a power unit .
- 根据权利要求2所述的压力成型装置,其中,所述下模(2)包括至少两个子下模(21),所述子下模(21)可在动力装置的驱动下沿自身的径向运动以使得所述下模(2)沿径向扩张或收缩。A pressure forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said lower mold (2) comprises at least two sub-dies (21) which are rotatable in their own radial direction under the driving of the power unit The movement is such that the lower mold (2) expands or contracts in the radial direction.
- 根据权利要求4所述的压力成型装置,其中,所有所述子下模(21)在压力成型过程中形成实心圆柱体或中空圆柱体,在压力成型结束后在动力装置驱动下先沿径向向外侧运动以使得所述下模(2)扩张、再沿径向向内侧运动以使得所述下模(2)收缩。The pressure forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein all of said sub-dies (21) form a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder during the pressure forming process, and are radially driven by the power unit after the pressure forming is completed. The outer side is moved to cause the lower mold (2) to expand and then to move radially inward to cause the lower mold (2) to contract.
- 根据权利要求4所述的压力成型装置,其中,所述下模(2)包括至少两个呈扇形的子下模(21)和至少两个呈锲形的子下模(21),呈扇形的所述子下模(21)和呈锲形的所述子下模(21)交叉设置,所有所述子下模(21)设置为在压力成型过程中形成中空圆柱体,且在压力成型结束后在动力装置驱动下呈锲形的所述子下模(21)和呈扇形的所述子下模(21)依次沿径向向内侧运动以使得所述下模(2)收缩。A pressure forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said lower mold (2) comprises at least two sub-dies (21) in the shape of a sector and at least two sub-dies (21) in the shape of a dome, which are fan-shaped The sub-die (21) and the sub-die (21) in the shape of a cross are disposed, and all of the sub-dies (21) are arranged to form a hollow cylinder during pressure forming, and are formed by pressure molding. The sub-lower mold (21) and the sub-lower mold (21) which are fan-shaped after being driven by the power unit are sequentially moved radially inward to cause the lower mold (2) to contract.
- 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的压力成型装置,其中,所述动模(4)的侧壁与所述下模(2)侧壁间的间隙宽度满足下述至少一项:沿所述下模(2)的周向不等,以及沿所述下模(2)的轴向不等。The pressure forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a gap width between a side wall of the movable mold (4) and a side wall of the lower mold (2) satisfies at least one of the following: The circumferential directions of the lower molds (2) are not equal, and are not equal along the axial direction of the lower mold (2).
- 一种应用于权利要求1至7任一所述的压力成型装置的压力成型方法,其中,包括: A pressure forming method applied to the pressure forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein:将待加工的胚料置于由上模(1)、下模(2)和动模(4)围成的模腔(3)中;Putting the blank to be processed into a cavity (3) surrounded by the upper mold (1), the lower mold (2) and the movable mold (4);对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)中至少一个施加压力,压力传递到胚料上;Applying pressure to at least one of the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2), and pressure is transmitted to the blank;所述动模(4)在动力装置的驱动下以预定速度向使模腔(3)体积增大的方向运动,以使胚料变形并填充由所述动模(4)运动所形成的模腔空间,直至所述动模(4)运动到止点,模腔(3)成型、工件成型;以及The movable mold (4) is moved by a power device at a predetermined speed in a direction to increase the volume of the cavity (3) to deform the blank and fill the mold formed by the movement of the movable mold (4). a cavity space until the movable mold (4) moves to a dead point, the cavity (3) is formed, and the workpiece is formed;去除对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)施加的压力,以打开所述压力成型装置,取出工件。The pressure applied to the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2) is removed to open the pressure forming device and take out the workpiece.
- 根据权利要求8所述的压力成型方法,其中,所述对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)中至少一个对胚料施加压力中,对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)至少之一施加的压力为预设的最大成型压力P,在所述对所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)中至少一个对所述待加工的胚料施加压力,至所述动模(4)运动到止点,模腔(3)成型、工件成型过程中始终保持压力值为P。The pressure forming method according to claim 8, wherein said at least one of said upper mold (1) and said lower mold (2) applies pressure to said blank, to said upper mold (1) and The pressure applied by at least one of the lower molds (2) is a preset maximum molding pressure P at which at least one of the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2) is to be processed. The billet applies pressure until the moving mold (4) moves to the dead center, and the cavity (3) is formed, and the pressure value is always maintained during the forming process of the workpiece.
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的压力成型方法,其中,所述动模(4)套设于所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)外,所述打开压力成型装置包括:The pressure forming method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the movable mold (4) is sleeved outside the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2), and the opening pressure forming device comprises:升高返回所述上模(1);Raising back to the upper mold (1);使所述动模(4)的子动模沿径向向外侧运动以打开所述动模(4);以及Moving the sub-mold of the movable mold (4) radially outward to open the movable mold (4);使所述子下模(21)沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模(2),将所述下模(2)与工件分离。The sub-die (21) is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold (2) to separate the lower mold (2) from the workpiece.
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的压力成型方法,其中,所述动模(4)套设于所述上模(1)和所述下模(2)外,所述打开压力成型装置包括:The pressure forming method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the movable mold (4) is sleeved outside the upper mold (1) and the lower mold (2), and the opening pressure forming device comprises:使所述动模(4)的子动模沿径向向外侧运动以打开所述动模(4);Moving the movable mold of the movable mold (4) radially outward to open the movable mold (4);升高返回所述上模(1);以及Raising back to the upper mold (1);使所述子下模(21)沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模(2),将所述下模(2)与工件分离。The sub-die (21) is moved radially inward to contract the lower mold (2) to separate the lower mold (2) from the workpiece.
- 根据权利要求10或11所述的压力成型方法,其中,所述使所述子下模(21)沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下模(2),将所述下模(2)与工件分离,还包括:The pressure forming method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said moving said sub-die (21) radially inwardly contracts said lower mold (2), said lower mold (2) and Separation of workpieces also includes:使所述下模(2)的子下模(21)沿径向向外侧运动以使得所述下模(2)沿径向扩张撑开工件,然后使所述子下模(21)沿径向向内侧运动收缩所述下 模(2),将所述下模(2)与工件分离。 The sub-die (21) of the lower mold (2) is moved radially outward to cause the lower mold (2) to expand the workpiece radially, and then the sub-die (21) is along the diameter Movement to the medial side The mold (2) separates the lower mold (2) from the workpiece.
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