WO2018068549A1 - 一种自动进样装置 - Google Patents

一种自动进样装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018068549A1
WO2018068549A1 PCT/CN2017/093474 CN2017093474W WO2018068549A1 WO 2018068549 A1 WO2018068549 A1 WO 2018068549A1 CN 2017093474 W CN2017093474 W CN 2017093474W WO 2018068549 A1 WO2018068549 A1 WO 2018068549A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
support
receiving plate
plate
mixing
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/093474
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢江涛
邵汉荣
Original Assignee
深圳开立生物医疗科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018068549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068549A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
    • G01N2035/1048—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function
    • G01N2035/1058—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function for mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical and health equipment, and in particular to an automatic sample introduction device.
  • the present invention provides an automatic sample introduction device.
  • An automatic sample introduction device includes a sample separation device, a mixing device disposed under the sample separation device, and a discharge device disposed under the mixing device, wherein the sample separation device is used in a plurality of test tube rows for storing samples Separate tube rows are separated, and the individual tube rows are dropped into the mixing device for mixing, and the tube rows are dropped into the discharging device at the mixing device for discharging operation.
  • the sample separation device includes a link mechanism and a support device disposed under the link mechanism, the support device includes an openable and detachable support plate, and the support plate is configured to receive the stacked vertically in the closed state. a tube row, and allowing the tube row to fall freely when opened;
  • the link mechanism includes a first support rod and a second support rod disposed opposite to each other, and the first and second support rods may be relatively close or divided Off, it supports the penultimate and above tube rows when relatively close, and allows the tube rows to fall freely when relatively far away.
  • the link mechanism includes a first swing link, a second swing link, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft and a sliding bar, wherein the first and second rotating shafts are parallel to each other, and the first and second pendulums One end of the rod is respectively connected to the first and second rotating shafts, and the other ends of the first and second swinging rods are respectively rotatably connected with the two ends of the sliding rod, and the first and second supporting rods are respectively connected to the first and the second through the swinging rod
  • the two rotating shafts, the first and second swinging rods can swing in the same direction through the sliding rods, thereby respectively driving the first and second supporting rods to synchronously swing, the first supporting rod is located below the first rotating shaft, and the second supporting rod is located in the second Above the rotating shaft, and the first and second supporting rods are located in the same horizontal plane.
  • the supporting device comprises a third rotating shaft, a fourth rotating shaft, a third swinging rod, a fourth swinging rod, a slider and a linear motor, wherein the third and fourth rotating shafts are parallel to each other and respectively supported by the supporting plate
  • the first end of the third and fourth swing rods are respectively fixed with the third and fourth rotating shafts, and the other ends of the third and fourth swinging rods are rotatably connected with the slider and can slide relative to the slider along the length thereof, and the slider It can reciprocate in the vertical direction under the driving of the linear motor, and then the support plate reciprocates by the third and fourth swing bars.
  • the mixing device comprises a support and a mixing tank, wherein the mixing tank is provided with an opening for the tube row to enter and exit, the mixing tank is connected with the support, and the bearing is supported around the axis. Rotating, and the mixing tank can be fixed at least in a state in which the opening faces upward, the opening faces downward, and stands.
  • the displacement device and the puncturing device are further included, and the mixing device reciprocates through the displacement device, and the puncturing device is disposed on the moving path of the displacement device.
  • the mixing tank is fixed in an upright state when moving, and a plurality of puncture holes are provided at the top of the mixing tank in the state, and the puncture holes are respectively aligned with the respective tubes in the tube row.
  • the sliding rod and the hook are arranged, and the sliding rod can slide back and forth along the length thereof, and the hook is symmetrically fastened on both sides of the opening, and can elastically move in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding rod.
  • the sliding rod slides from the first position to the second position, and the hook moves synchronously in opposite directions, and the distance between the hooks is not less than the width or length of the opening;
  • the hooks move in opposite directions, and the distance between the hooks is smaller than the width or length of the opening.
  • the first spring and the driving rod disposed corresponding to the hook are arranged, one end of the driving rod is abutted against the sliding rod, and the other end is connected with the corresponding hook, and the first spring is sleeved on the driving rod,
  • the hook is compressed when the opposite hook is moved in the opposite direction;
  • the two sides of the slider are symmetrically provided with a groove at a position resisting the driving rod, wherein when the sliding rod is in the first position, the driving rod slides into the groove When the slider is in the second position, the drive rod slides out of the groove.
  • the unloading device comprises a returning fork and an inverting plate, wherein the unloading fork is used for driving the tube row, and the inverting plate is used for driving the tube row to be turned, wherein the driving stroke of the stripping fork comprises driving the tube row The first stroke of the movement to the flipping plate, and the second stroke that drives the inverted tube row from the flipping plate to the unloading position.
  • the returning fork comprises a horizontal first receiving plate and a vertical first limiting plate disposed at the first end of the first receiving plate, and the first limiting plate forms a placement between the first limiting plate and the first receiving plate.
  • the inverting plate comprises a second receiving plate and a vertical third receiving plate disposed at the end of the second receiving plate, and the second receiving plate is formed between the second receiving plate and the third receiving plate
  • the space is disposed, the rotating shaft is disposed at a joint of the second and third receiving plates; the second receiving plate and the third receiving plate are disposed above the first receiving plate, and the second receiving plate is provided with a bottom portion and a third receiving plate
  • the notch, the first receiving plate and the first limiting plate may pass over the second receiving plate and the third receiving plate by the notch after the second receiving plate and the third receiving plate are turned over.
  • the steps of separating, mixing, puncture and unloading of the test tube row can be automatically completed in the vertical direction.
  • the structure of the device is compact, the space is small, and the volume of the whole machine is reduced; the movement stroke of the test tube row is shorter, which is beneficial to shorten the time. Improve efficiency; set up with sample separation device, you can add multiple tube rows at one time to reduce the workload of feeding.
  • the automatic sample introduction device provided by the invention minimizes the use of the external power source, saves energy, and reduces the influence of the heat of the motor.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the sample separation device of the present invention in an unsupported state
  • Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the sample separation device of the present invention in an unsupported state
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the support device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the sample separation device of the present invention in a supported state
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the mixing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the mixing device of the present invention when the mixing tank is in an upright state
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the tube row locking device of the present invention when it is in a clamped state
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the tube row locking device of the present invention in an open state
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the unloading device of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the initial discharge device of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of the unloading fork of the unloading device at the end of the first stroke
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the unloading device flipping plate after being turned over;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of the unloading fork of the unloading device at the end of the second stroke.
  • the present invention includes a sample separation device 100, a mixing device 200 disposed below the sample separation device 100, and A discharge device 300 disposed under the mixing device 200, wherein the sample separation device 100 is configured to separate individual tube rows from a plurality of tube rows for storing samples, and the individual tube rows are mixed into the mixing device 200 for mixing. Evenly, the tube row is finally discharged into the unloading device 300 at the mixing device to perform the unloading operation, and the stored tube rows are placed vertically, and the above devices are also arranged in the vertical direction, and the tube rows are successively separated in the process of gradually falling.
  • the steps of mixing, subsequent unloading, etc. help to reduce the overall volume of the device and reduce the space occupation.
  • the tube row falls freely under the action of gravity, no additional driving device is required, and the structure is simpler.
  • the schedule is also shorter, which helps to increase production efficiency.
  • the sample separation device includes a link mechanism and a support device, wherein the support device is configured to carry a plurality of tube rows stacked in a vertical direction, and the link mechanism can support the tube row of the penultimate layer and above to make the most
  • the bottom tube row is free to move.
  • the supporting device in the embodiment adopts an openable and closable door structure. When the door structure is opened, the unsupported tube row can be freely dropped, thereby achieving the purpose of layering. Of course, the tube row can also be from the side. Disengage the tube row from the tube.
  • FIGs 3 and 4 respectively, a perspective view and a side view of the sample separation device in an unsupported state are shown, and a test tube row is shown.
  • the bottom of the test tube row to which the present invention is applied should be provided with a card slot.
  • the card slot is disposed along the two short sides of the bottom of the tube row, the card slot can form a concave space between the adjacent tube rows for the support rod to extend into the test tube The row is supported.
  • the card slot can be disposed on the side wall of the tube row, and the card slot can also be replaced by a structure such as a jack; in addition, the card slot or the jack can be omitted, but
  • the bottom of the tube row is provided with a plurality of protrusion structures, so that a gap is formed between the adjacent tube rows when the tube rows are stacked, and the support rods can also be supported by extending the support rods into the gaps.
  • the link mechanism includes a first swinging rod 101, a second swinging rod 102, a first rotating shaft 103, a second rotating shaft 104, a first supporting rod 105, a second supporting rod 106, a fifth swinging rod 107, and a sixth pendulum Rod 108 With the slider 109.
  • the first and second rotating shafts are parallel to each other, and the first and second swinging rods are perpendicular to the first and second rotating shafts respectively, and the sliding rods 109 are perpendicular to the first and second swinging rods, respectively.
  • the top end of the first swinging rod 101 is fixed to the first rotating shaft 103, the rear end is rotatably connected to the left end of the sliding rod 109, the top end of the second swinging rod 102 is fixed to the second rotating shaft 104, and the rear end and the right end of the sliding rod 109 are rotated.
  • the first and second swing bars can be swung in the same direction by the slide bar 109.
  • the fifth swinging rod 107 is fixed to the first rotating shaft 103, and the other end is rotatably connected with the first supporting rod 105.
  • the first supporting rod 105 can synchronously move with the fifth swinging rod 107;
  • the sixth swinging rod 108 has one end and
  • the second rotating shaft 104 is fixedly connected, the other end is rotatably connected with the second supporting rod 106, and the second supporting rod 106 is synchronously movable with the sixth swinging rod 108.
  • the first and second supporting rods are horizontally and oppositely disposed, preferably, fifth.
  • the sixth swing bar is parallel to the first and second swing bars, respectively.
  • the present invention also provides another way of fixing the first and second support bars, that is, the first and second support bars are respectively mounted on the first and second swing bars, which can also be realized.
  • the purpose of the support rod synchronous movement with the swing rod is that the swing rod and the rotating shaft can be rotated synchronously after being fixedly connected, or the swing rod can be rotated relative to the rotating shaft.
  • the first support rod 105 is located on one side of the first shaft 103, and the second support rod 106 is located on the other side of the first shaft 105. Specifically, the first support rod 105 is located in the embodiment. Below the rotating shaft 103, the second supporting rod 106 is located above the second rotating shaft 104, that is, when the first and second swinging rods are oscillated in the same direction, the moving direction between the first and second supporting rods is opposite, thereby realizing the first 1.
  • the second support rod is relatively close to and relatively far away, thereby realizing support and support release of the test tube row.
  • the first and second swing rods are in an initial state before the swing, and between the first and second support rods. With the largest spacing, the tube rows are free to pass between the support rods.
  • first rotating shaft 103 is higher than the second rotating shaft 104 such that the first and second supporting rods are located in the same horizontal plane.
  • one end of the first and second swing bars connected to the slide bar 109 is provided with a sliding slot, and the two ends of the slide bar 109 are vertically disposed.
  • Pins (not shown) are respectively inserted into the sliding grooves on the first and second swinging rods, so that the first and second swinging rods can rotate relative to the sliding rod 109 and slide along the groove, thereby It is ensured that the slide bar only slides in the horizontal direction.
  • the slide bar 109 and the first and second swing bars can also have only a rotating relationship, and at this time, the slide bar 109 is in the first and the first The vertical movement also occurs during the swinging of the pendulum.
  • the sliding rod 109 is fixed by the support 110, and the support 110 is provided with a through hole.
  • the sliding rod 109 is inserted into the through hole and can slide relative thereto.
  • the sliding rod 109 is further sleeved with a return spring 111, and the return spring is further disposed.
  • the right end support 110 of the 111 is resisted, and the left end is abutted against the stopper on the slide bar 109, thereby maintaining the initial state of the first and second swing bars in the state before the support, and swinging on the first and second swing bars. After giving it the power to reset.
  • the driving component of the link mechanism may be any one of a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a swinging rod and a sliding rod.
  • the second rotating shaft is driven, in particular, a driving plate 112 is mounted on the second rotating shaft, and the driving is performed.
  • the plate 112 can be driven by the mixing tank described below to drive the linkage mechanism.
  • the supporting device includes a first supporting plate 113 and a second supporting plate 114 which are symmetrically disposed, and a third rotating shaft 115, a fourth rotating shaft 116, a third swinging rod 117, a fourth swinging rod 118, a slider 119 and a straight line.
  • the motor 120 wherein the third and fourth rotating shafts are parallel to each other, and are respectively fixed to the first and second supporting plates, so that the first and second supporting plates can be rotated toward each other through the third and fourth rotating shafts, respectively.
  • the third and fourth swinging rods are located at two sides of the slider 119, and one end thereof is respectively fixed with the third and fourth rotating shafts, and is perpendicular to the corresponding rotating shaft, and the other end is respectively rotatably connected with the slider 119 and can be opposite to the slider 119.
  • the sliding direction of the swinging rod is opened in the longitudinal direction of the swinging rod, and the slider 119 is connected to the sliding slot through the pin.
  • the slider 119 can reciprocate in the vertical direction under the driving of the linear motor 120, and then the first and second support plates are reciprocally rotated by the third and fourth swinging rods and the third and fourth rotating shafts, so that the support can be realized.
  • the opening and closing of the device can be realized.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a side view of the sample separation device in a supported state, in which the first and second swing bars are moved in a first direction (to the right) to an extreme position, between the first and second support bars
  • the return spring 111 is in a compressed state with the closest spacing and less than the length of the tube row.
  • the first and second swing bars are located at the leftmost side of the swing path, the spacing between the first and second support bars is greater than the length of the test tube row, and the first and second support plates are in a closed state, and The tube rows are stacked on the first and second support plates in a stacked manner, and the first and second support rods are aligned with the card slots on both sides of the penultimate tube row.
  • the mixing tank moves to the lower receiving position of the supporting device, triggering the driving plate 112, thereby driving
  • the first and second swinging rods are swung to the right, so that the first and second supporting rods are inserted into the slots on both sides of the tube row to support the tube row of the penultimate layer and above.
  • the linear motor 120 is started, and the first and second support plates are driven to rotate downward through the slider and the third and fourth swing rods, and the unsupported bottom tube row falls into the mixing tank to realize stratification. purpose.
  • the linear motor 120 moves in the reverse direction, and the first and second support plates are returned to the closed state, and then the mixing tank leaves the receiving position with the tube row, and the return spring 111 drives the sliding rod 109 to be reset, and the first and second pendulum rods are turned toward The second direction (to the left) swings, the first and second support rods are withdrawn from the card slot of the tube row, and the tube row falls on the support plate for further stratification.
  • the separation device provided by the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy realization; the linkage mechanism is driven by an external power source, and can rely on the force of movement of other mechanisms as the power source of the action, saving energy; and the separation efficiency is high, and the whole process is automatically performed. It can greatly reduce the workload of manual operations, help to improve efficiency, shorten working hours and reduce operational risks.
  • FIG. 7 there is shown a perspective view of an embodiment of the mixing device of the present invention, including a support 201, a mixing tank 202, a mixing motor 203, an electromagnetic locking device 204, a guide rail 205, a displacement motor 206 and a slider 207. .
  • the support 201 serves as a main structure for supporting the mixing tank 202, and is slidably connected to the guide rail 205 through the slider 207. With the displacement of the displacement motor 206, the support 201 can drive the mixing tank to reciprocate along the guide rail 205, so that the test tube is arranged.
  • the mixing tank is in the loading-unloading-mixing station when the position is shown, and is in the puncture station when moving to the other end of the rail 205.
  • the above-mentioned guide rail 205, slider 207 and displacement motor 206 constitute the displacement device in the claims.
  • the displacement device can also adopt other known techniques to achieve the displacement of the mixing tank.
  • the mixing tank 202 is preferably a box mechanism having a chamber for holding the tube rows and an opening for the tube to enter and exit the chamber.
  • the mixing tank is connected to the support 201 through a horizontal rotating shaft.
  • One end of a rotating shaft is connected to the driving shaft of the mixing motor 203.
  • the mixing tank With the driving of the mixing motor 203, the mixing tank can rotate relative to the horizontal rotation shaft of the support 201. Achieve the mixing function.
  • the mixing tank 202 can be fixed in a certain static state in addition to continuous rotation.
  • the embodiment includes at least three states: an opening upward, an opening downward, and an erect state, and the three states respectively correspond to different states.
  • the present invention further includes a puncture device not shown.
  • the puncture device is disposed on the moving path of the mixing tank, specifically at the tail end of the guide rail 205.
  • the mixing tank 202 can be first loaded and mixed at the head end of the guide rail 205. After the mixing is completed, the movement is moved to the puncture device to perform the puncture action of the test tube.
  • the mixing tank 202 is fixed in an upright state when moving, so that the test tube therein is also in an upright state, and at the top of the mixing tank 202 in this state, a plurality of puncture holes 2021 are provided, and the puncture hole 2021 is respectively connected with the test tube.
  • the tubes are aligned so that the puncture device can perform the puncture action.
  • the present invention further includes a detecting device (not shown) and a scanning device (not shown) provided before the puncture device, wherein the detecting device is for detecting whether a test tube is present in the test tube row, and the scan code device is used for the test tube Scan code recognition.
  • the mixing tank locking device uses 204 to lock the mixing tank to fix it in the current state, or to unlock, so that the mixing tank can rotate freely.
  • the mixing tank locking device preferably adopts electromagnetic locking, which specifically includes an electromagnet, a locking pin and a spring.
  • the locking pin is horizontally disposed, and the spring sleeve is disposed on the locking pin.
  • the spring acts on the blocking piece at the end of the locking pin, and the locking pin is in the unlocked state; when the electromagnet is energized, it sucks the blocking piece to force the locking pin to be inserted into the end of the mixing groove toward the left side.
  • the locking hole is locked, and the locking pin is in the locked state, and the spring is compressed and deformed.
  • the electromagnet is de-energized, the locking pin can be reset by the action of the spring to restore the initial state.
  • the present invention also includes a first sensor 208, a second sensor 209 and a third sensor 210 for detecting the mixing tank, respectively.
  • 202 is already in the opening down, the opening up and the erect state.
  • the mixing device of the present invention further comprises a tube row locking device.
  • a tube row locking device Referring to Figures 9 and 10, respectively, a schematic view of the tube row locking device in a clamped state and an open state is shown, and the tube row locking device includes The hook 211 and the slider 212.
  • the sliding rod 212 is preferably a long rod type structure, which is disposed at the bottom of the mixing tank and is reciprocally slidable along the length direction.
  • the two sides of the sliding rod 212 are symmetrically provided with a groove 2121.
  • the groove 2121 is two groups. Distributed along the length of the slider 212, specifically including a first groove at the left end of the slider 212 and a slider The second groove of the right end of the 212, wherein the right end of the first groove is provided with a lead-in inclined surface, the left end is an open end, and both ends of the second groove are provided with a lead-in inclined surface.
  • the center of the sliding bar 212 is further provided with a shape of a hole 2122, and the right end is provided with a positioning bar 2123, which makes the sliding bar 212 as a whole T-shaped structure.
  • the hooks 211 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the slide bar 212, and the number is equal to the groove 2121, and can be elastically moved in a direction perpendicular to the sliding of the slide bar 212.
  • the hook 211 synchronously moves in the opposite direction, and the distance between the hooks 211 is not less than the width of the opening (as shown in FIG. 10, or the length, such as when the hook 211 is at
  • the hooks 211 move in opposite directions, and the distance between the hooks is smaller than the width (or length) of the openings.
  • the hook 211 is fixed by the fixing base 213.
  • the fixing base 213 is provided with a through hole, and a driving rod (not shown) is inserted into the through hole and can slide in the axial direction.
  • One end of the driving rod protrudes from the sliding rod 212, and the other end is connected to the hook 211.
  • the drive rod is sleeved with a first spring.
  • the positioning groove 214 and the second spring 215 are further disposed on the mixing groove.
  • the positioning piece 214 is located at the right end of the mixing groove, and the second spring 215 is located in the strip hole 2122 of the sliding bar 212, and the two ends thereof respectively and the sliding bar 212
  • the slot of the mixing tank is connected, and the second spring 215 has a certain amount of stretch in the initial state, which can cause the positioning bar 2123 at the right end of the slider 212 to abut against the positioning piece 214, thereby initializing the slider 212.
  • the working process of the mixing device of the invention is as follows:
  • the mixing tank 202 is rotated to the state in which the opening is upward, the hooks 211 on both sides are opened, and the tube row falls from the supporting device 100 into the mixing tank 202, and then the hook 211 is closed. The tube row is locked in the mixing tank, and the receiving step is completed.
  • the mixing tank 202 is continuously rotated for several times to mix the sample, and after the first mixing is completed, it stays in an erect state, as shown in FIG.
  • the support 201 and the mixing tank 202 are moved along the guide rail 205, and the detecting device detects the presence or absence of the test tube in the portion to be pierced by the detecting device, and then scans the barcode through the scanning device after the detection is passed.
  • the puncture device is moved to perform the puncture sampling of the first test tube, and the electromagnetic lock device 204 locks the kneading tank 202 during the puncture sampling to prevent the rotation from occurring.
  • the mixing tank 202 drives the tube row to reset and performs the second rotation and mixing, and after the second mixing is completed, the presence or absence of the detection, the barcode scanning and the second is continued. Puncture sampling of one tube.
  • the hook can automatically switch between the locked state and the unlocked state.
  • the effect of locking the tube row in the mixing tank is also possible. Then, the upper and lower materials of the test tube row are combined with the manual, for example, the elastic piece is arranged in the mixing tank, and the test tube row is pressed against the elastic piece after entering the mixing tank, and is fixed by the friction between the elastic piece and the test tube row.
  • the repeated steps in the fourth step and the fifth step in the above embodiment are because the puncture device has only one puncture position in the embodiment, and the puncture device can only puncture one test tube at a time; if the puncture device has multiple puncture positions, it can simultaneously Multiple tube puncture sampling analysis, of course, can reduce the repeated steps of the tube row, until the puncture sampling of all the tubes is completed.
  • the mixing device provided in the embodiment can mix and move the test tubes in the test tube row together, and does not need to take out the separate test tubes to complete the operation, has a simple structure, reduces the failure rate, and reduces the workload of the operator. Helps increase efficiency and save costs.
  • FIG. 11 there is shown a perspective view of one embodiment of the unloading device of the present invention, including a return fork 301 and a flip plate 302.
  • the return fork 301 can be moved in a straight line under the driving of the power component, thereby driving the tube row.
  • the returning fork specifically includes a horizontal first receiving plate 3011 and a vertical first limit provided at the head end of the first receiving plate 3011.
  • the first accommodating space for placing the tube row is formed between the first limiting plate 3012 and the first receiving plate 3011.
  • the tube row falls from the first position (returning position) and falls directly into the first accommodating space. , by the return fork 301 to drive forward.
  • the returning fork 301 adopts a segmented moving manner, and the driving stroke includes driving the tube row to the first stroke of the rotating plate, and driving the inverted tube row from the rotating plate to the discharging position.
  • the second stroke that is, the test tube row is first pushed by the returning fork 301 to the turning mechanism for turning, and after the turning is completed, the feeding fork 301 is pushed to the second position for storage, and the segment moving by the returning fork can be in the test tube.
  • the posture adjustment of the tube row is completed during the stripping process of the row, and no additional stroke is required, which helps to reduce the return time and increase the efficiency.
  • a set of first receiving plates 3011 and a first limiting plate 3012 are respectively disposed on both sides of the returning fork 301.
  • the inversion plate 302 includes a second receiving plate 3021 and a vertical third receiving plate 3022 disposed at the rear end of the second receiving plate 3021.
  • the second receiving plate 3021 and the third receiving plate 3022 form a second receiving space for placing the tube row.
  • the rotating shaft 303 is disposed at the junction of the second and third receiving plates.
  • the second receiving plate 3021 and the third receiving plate 3022 are disposed above the first receiving plate 3011.
  • the second receiving plate 3021 is provided with a bottom portion and a second portion thereof.
  • the notch of the three receiving plates 3022, the height of the notch should meet the requirements: the returning fork 301 can drive the test tube row from the notch over the inverting plate after the flipping plate is turned over.
  • the flip board 302 is in a state before the flipping in FIG. 11, and the head end of the second receiving board 3021 is preferably placed on the first receiving board 3011 and inclined with respect to the first receiving board 3011, so that the test tube row can smoothly enter. In the second accommodation space.
  • the present invention also includes a cache platform 304 disposed at the second location for placing the rows of tubes after the flip.
  • FIG. 12 shows the initial state of the material returning device.
  • the returning fork 301 is extended to the longest position, the first receiving space is in the first position, and the test tube row 400 is dropped from the upper mixing groove on the first receiving plate 3011.
  • the first end of the second receiving plate 3021 rests on the upper surface of the first receiving plate 3011 and is inclined with respect to the first receiving plate 3011.
  • FIG. 13 shows the state in which the return fork is at the end of the first stroke. After the test tube row 400 falls on the first receiving plate 3011, the return fork 301 moves to the left side, and the test tube row 400 is pushed to the first stage. On the second receiving plate 3021, the return fork 301 is suspended.
  • FIG. 14 shows the state after the flipping plate is turned over. After the tube row 400 is moved to the second receiving plate 3021, the flipping plate is rotated counterclockwise to erect the tube row 400, and the second receiving plate 3021 is at this time. In the vertical state, the third receiving plate 3022 is in a horizontal state.
  • FIG. 15 shows the state in which the return fork is at the end of the second stroke.

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Abstract

一种自动进样装置，包括样品分离装置（100），设于样品分离装置（100）下方的混匀装置（200），以及设于混匀装置（200）下方的卸料装置（300），其中，样品分离装置（100）用于从若干存放样品的试管排中分离出单独的试管排，该单独的试管排落入混匀装置（200）后进行混匀，试管排在混匀装置（200）处落入卸料装置（300）处进行卸料操作。该自动进样装置可以沿竖直方向自动完成试管排的分离、混匀-穿刺、卸料等步骤，结构紧凑，占用空间小，试管排的运动行程更短，有利于缩短时间，提升效率；设置有样品分离装置（100），可以一次性添加多个试管排，减少上料的工作量。

Description

一种自动进样装置
本申请要求于2016年10月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610884853.5、发明名称为“一种自动进样装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗卫生器械领域，尤其是涉及一种自动进样装置。
背景技术
随着技术的进步，自动设备在生化研究、医疗检测等领域的应用越来越广泛，以血细胞的分析为例，样品在分析时需要涉及有上料、混匀、穿刺、下料等步骤，现有的自动设备一般是通过移料装置带动样品在各个工位之间水平移动以完成上述步骤，然而这种方式需要占用较大的空间，不便于实际使用，同时样品需要经过较长的移转行程，工作效率不高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种自动进样装置。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种自动进样装置，包括样品分离装置，设于样品分离装置下方的混匀装置，以及设于混匀装置下方的卸料装置，其中，样品分离装置用于从若干存放样品的试管排中分离出单独的试管排，该单独的试管排落入混匀装置后进行混匀，试管排在混匀装置处落入卸料装置处进行卸料操作。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，样品分离装置包括连杆机构与设于连杆机构下方的支撑装置，支撑装置包括可启闭的支撑板，支撑板在关闭时用于承接沿竖直方向堆叠的试管排，并在开启时允许试管排自由下落；连杆机构包括相对设置的第一支撑杆与第二支撑杆，该第一、第二支撑杆可相对靠近或者分 离，其在相对靠近时支撑倒数第二层及以上的试管排，并在相对远离时允许试管排自由下落。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，连杆机构包括第一摆杆、第二摆杆、第一转轴、第二转轴与滑杆，其中，第一、第二转轴相互平行，第一、第二摆杆的一端分别与第一、第二转轴连接，第一、第二摆杆的另一端分别与滑杆的两端转动连接，第一、第二支撑杆分别通过摆杆连接至第一、第二转轴，第一、第二摆杆可通过滑杆而同向摆动，进而分别带动第一、第二支撑杆同步摆动，第一支撑杆位于第一转轴的下方，第二支撑杆位于第二转轴的上方，且第一、第二支撑杆位于同一水平面内，当第一、第二摆杆朝第一方向摆动时，第一、第二支撑杆相对靠近，当第一、第二摆杆朝相反的第二方向摆动时，第一、第二支撑杆相对远离。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，支撑装置包括第三转轴、第四转轴、第三摆杆、第四摆杆、滑块与直线电机，第三、第四转轴相互平行，并分别与支撑板固结，第三、第四摆杆的一端分别与第三、第四转轴固结，第三、第四摆杆的另一端与滑块转动连接并可相对滑块沿自身长度方向滑动，滑块可在直线电机的驱动下沿竖直方向往复运动，进而通过第三、第四摆杆带动支撑板往复转动。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，混匀装置包括支座与混匀槽，混匀槽上设有供试管排进出的开口，混匀槽与支座连接，并可绕一轴心而相对支座转动，且该混匀槽至少可固定在开口朝上、开口朝下以及竖立的状态。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，还包括位移装置与穿刺装置，混匀装置通过位移装置往复移动，穿刺装置设于位移装置的移动路径之上。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，混匀槽在移动时固定在竖立状态，且位于此状态时的混匀槽的顶部设有若干的穿刺孔，穿刺孔分别与试管排内的各试管对正。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，包括滑杆与卡勾，滑杆可沿其长度方向往复滑动，卡勾对称扣接在开口的两侧，并能沿垂直于滑杆滑动的方向发生弹性运动，其中当混匀槽固定在开口朝下状态时，滑杆从第一位置滑动至第二位置，卡勾同步反向运动，卡勾间距离不小于开口的宽度或者长度；当混匀槽转 动时，滑杆从第二位置滑动至第一位置时，卡勾同步相向运动，卡勾间距离小于开口的宽度或者长度。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，包括对应卡勾设置的第一弹簧与驱动杆，驱动杆的一端与滑杆抵持，另一端与对应卡勾连接，第一弹簧套接在驱动杆上，在卡勾相对对侧卡勾反向运动时被压缩；滑杆的两侧在与驱动杆抵持的部位对称设有凹槽，其中，滑杆处于第一位置时，驱动杆滑入凹槽内；滑杆处于第二位置时，驱动杆滑出凹槽。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，卸料装置包括退料叉与翻转板，其中退料叉用于带动试管排运动，翻转板用于带动试管排翻转，其中退料叉的驱动行程包括带动试管排运动至翻转板的第一行程，以及带动翻转后的试管排从翻转板运动至卸料位置的第二行程。
作为上述方案的进一步改进方式，退料叉包括水平的第一承接板以及设于第一承接板首端的竖直的第一限位板，第一限位板与第一承接板之间形成放置试管排的第一容置空间；翻转板包括第二承接板与设于第二承接板尾端的垂直的第三承接板，第二承接板与第三承接板之间形成放置试管排的第二容置空间，转轴设于第二、第三承接板的连接处；第二承接板与第三承接板设于第一承接板的上方，第二承接板上设有一贯通其底部以及第三承接板的缺口，第一承接板与第一限位板可在第二承接板与第三承接板翻转后由该缺口越过该第二承接板与第三承接板。
本发明的有益效果是：
可以沿竖直方向自动完成试管排的分离、混匀-穿刺、卸料等步骤，装置的结构紧凑，占用空间小，减小整机体积；试管排的运动行程更短，有利于缩短时间，提升效率；设置有样品分离装置，可以一次性添加多个试管排，减少上料的工作量。
本发明提供的自动进样装置尽可能减少外在动力源的使用，节省能量，降低电机热量带来的影响。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的立体示意图；
图2是本发明一个实施例的分解示意图；
图3是本发明样品分离装置处于未支撑状态时的立体示意图；
图4是本发明样品分离装置处于未支撑状态时的侧视图；
图5是本发明显示支撑装置的立体示意图；
图6是本发明样品分离装置处于支撑状态时的侧视图；
图7是本发明混匀装置一个实施例的立体示意图；
图8是本发明混匀装置在混匀槽处于竖立状态时的侧视图；
图9是本发明试管排锁紧装置在处于卡紧状态时的示意图；
图10是本发明试管排锁紧装置在处于张开状态时的示意图；
图11是本发明卸料装置一个实施例的立体示意图；
图12是本发明卸料装置初始时的示意图；
图13是卸料装置退料叉处于第一行程终点时的示意图；
图14是卸料装置翻转板翻转后的示意图；
图15是卸料装置退料叉处于第二行程终点时的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例和附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、方案和效果。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，如无特殊说明，当某一特征被称为“固定”、“连接”在另一个特征，它可以直接固定、连接在另一个特征上，也可以间接地固定、连接在另一个特征上。此外，本发明中所使用的上、下、左、右等描述仅仅是相对于附图中本发明各组成部分的相互位置关系来说的。
此外，除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与本技术领域 的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例，而不是为了限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的组合。
参照图1、图2，分别示出了本发明一个实施例的整体示意图与分解示意图，如图所示，本发明包括样品分离装置100，设于样品分离装置100下方的混匀装置200，以及设于混匀装置200下方的卸料装置300，其中，样品分离装置100用于从若干存放样品的试管排中分离出单独的试管排，该单独的试管排落入混匀装置200后进行混匀操作，试管排最后在混匀装置落入卸料装置300处进行卸料操作，存放的试管排竖直放置，上述各装置亦沿竖直方向设置，试管排在逐步下落的过程依次进行分离、混匀、及后续的卸料等步骤，有助于缩小装置的整体体积，减小空间的占用，同时试管排在重力的作用下自由下落，无需设置额外的驱动装置，结构更加简单，试管排的行程也更短，有助于提升生产效率。
样品分离装置100
样品分离装置中包括有连杆机构与支撑装置，其中支撑装置用于承载沿竖直方向堆叠的若干试管排，连杆机构则可以对倒数第二层及以上的试管排进行支撑，以使最底层的试管排可以***。优选的，本实施例中的支撑装置采用可启闭的门式结构，当门式结构开启时未被支撑的试管排可以自由下落，从而达到分层的目的，当然，试管排也可以从侧向脱离试管排组。
参照图3、图4，分别示出了样品分离装置处于未支撑状态时的立体示意图与侧视图，图中示出了试管排，本发明所适用的试管排的底部两侧应设有卡槽(具体参照图1和图3，卡槽沿试管排底部的两短边设置)，该卡槽可在相邻的试管排之间形成一内凹的空间，以供支撑杆伸入后对试管排进行支撑，作为上述方案的替代形式，卡槽可以设置在试管排的侧壁之上，卡槽还可以由插孔等结构代替；此外，也可以不设置卡槽或者插孔，而是在试管排的底部设置若干突起结构，以使试管排层叠放置时在相邻试管排之间形成间隙，支撑杆伸入间隙内同样可以实现支撑试管排的目的。
具体的，连杆机构包括第一摆杆101、第二摆杆102、第一转轴103、第二转轴104、第一支撑杆105、第二支撑杆106、第五摆杆107、第六摆杆108 与滑杆109。
其中，第一、第二转轴相互平行，第一、第二摆杆分别相对第一、第二转轴垂直，滑杆109分别相对第一、第二摆杆垂直。第一摆杆101的顶端与第一转轴103固结，尾端与滑杆109的左端转动连接，第二摆杆102的顶端与第二转轴104固结，尾端与滑杆109的右端转动连接，如此，第一、第二摆杆可通过滑杆109同向摆动。
第五摆杆107的一端与第一转轴103固结，另一端与第一支撑杆105转动连接，第一支撑杆105可随所述第五摆杆107同步运动；第六摆杆108一端与第二转轴104固结，另一端与第二支撑杆106转动连接，第二支撑杆106可随第六摆杆108同步运动，第一、第二支撑杆水平且相对设置，优选的，第五、第六摆杆分别与第一、第二摆杆保持平行。
区别于上述实施例，本发明还提供了另一种固定第一、第二支撑杆的方式，即第一、第二支撑杆分别安装在第一、第二摆杆上，其同样也能实现支撑杆随摆杆同步运动的目的，此时摆杆与转轴间既可以固定连接后同步转动，也可以是摆杆相对转轴转动。
第一支撑杆105位于第一转轴103的一侧，第二支撑杆106位于第二转轴104区别于第一支撑杆105的另一侧，具体的，本实施例中第一支撑杆105位于第一转轴103的下方，第二支撑杆106位于第二转轴104的上方，即保证第一、第二摆杆同向摆动时，第一、第二支撑杆之间的运动方向相反，从而实现第一、第二支撑杆的相对靠近与相对远离，进而实现对试管排的支撑与支撑解除，图中第一、第二摆杆处于摆动前的初始状态，第一、第二支撑杆之间的间距最大，试管排可以自由的从支撑杆之间通过。
更优选的，第一转轴103高于第二转轴104，以使第一、第二支撑杆位于同一水平面内。
作为第一摆杆、第二摆杆与滑杆之间的一种优选连接方式，第一、第二摆杆与滑杆109连接的一端设有滑槽，滑杆109的两端设有垂直的销钉(未示出)，销钉分别插接在第一、第二摆杆上的滑槽内，从而使第一、第二摆杆既能相对滑杆109转动，又能沿槽滑动，进而保证滑杆仅沿水平方向滑动，当然，滑杆109与第一、第二摆杆之间也可以仅具有转动关系，此时滑杆109在第一、第 二摆杆的摆动过程中还会发生竖直方向的运动。
此外，滑杆109由支座110固定，支座110上设有通孔，滑杆109插接在该通孔内并能相对其滑动，滑杆109上还套设有一复位弹簧111，复位弹簧111的右端支座110抵持，左端与滑杆109上的挡块抵持，从而将第一、第二摆杆的初始状态保持在支撑前的状态，并在第一、第二摆杆摆动后给予其复位的动力。
连杆机构的驱动部件可以是第一转轴、第二转轴、摆杆与滑杆中的任一个，本实施例中采用第二转轴驱动，具体是在第二转轴上安装一驱动板112，驱动板112可由下述的混匀槽驱动而带动连杆机构运动。
参照图5，支撑装置包括对称设置的第一支撑板113与第二支撑板114，以及第三转轴115、第四转轴116、第三摆杆117、第四摆杆118、滑块119与直线电机120，其中第三、第四转轴相互平行，并分别与第一、第二支撑板固结，以使第一、第二支撑板可以分别通过第三、第四转轴相向转动。
第三、第四摆杆位于滑块119的两侧，其一端分别与第三、第四转轴固结，并与对应转轴垂直，另一端分别与滑块119转动连接并可相对滑块119沿其长度方向滑动，具体是在摆杆上开设沿摆杆长度方向的滑槽，滑块119通过销钉与滑槽连接。
滑块119可在直线电机120的驱动下沿竖直方向往复运动，进而通过第三、第四摆杆以及第三、第四转轴带动第一、第二支撑板往复转动，如此便可以实现支撑装置的启闭。
参照图6，示出了样品分离装置处于支撑状态时的侧视图，图中第一、第二摆杆朝第一方向(朝右)运动至极限位置，第一、第二支撑杆之间的间距最近且小于试管排的长度，复位弹簧111处于压缩状态。
结合上述附图与说明，样品分离装置的具体工作流程如下：
一、初始状态时第一、第二摆杆位于摆动路径的最左侧，第一、第二支撑杆之间的间距大于试管排的长度，第一、第二支撑板处于关闭状态，若干的试管排以上下堆叠的方式放置在第一、第二支撑板上，且第一、第二支撑杆对准倒数第二层试管排两侧的卡槽。
二、混匀槽运动至支撑装置的下方接料位置，触发驱动板112，从而带动 第一、第二摆杆朝右摆动，进而使第一、第二支撑杆***试管排两侧的卡槽内，实现对倒数第二层及以上的试管排支撑。
三、直线电机120启动，通过滑块与第三、第四摆杆带动第一、第二支撑板朝下方转动，未被支撑的最底层试管排则落入混匀槽内，实现分层的目的。
四、直线电机120反向运动，第一、第二支撑板恢复关闭状态，随后混匀槽带着试管排离开接料位置，复位弹簧111驱动滑杆109复位，第一、第二摆杆朝第二方向(朝左)摆动，第一、第二支撑杆从试管排的卡槽中退出复位，试管排下落在支撑板上以待下一步分层动作。
本实施例提供的分离装置结构简单、成本低廉、易于实现；连杆机构不用外加动力源驱动，可依靠其他机构移动的力作为动作的动力源，节省能量；且分离效率高，全过程自动进行，可以极大的减少人工操作的工作量，有助于提升效率，缩短工作时间，降低了操作风险。
混匀装置200
参照图7，示出了本发明混匀装置一个实施例的立体示意图，包括支座201、混匀槽202、混匀电机203、电磁锁止装置204、导轨205、位移电机206与滑块207。
支座201作为支撑混匀槽202的主体结构，其通过滑块207与导轨205滑动连接，随着位移电机206的驱动，支座201可以带动混匀槽沿导轨205往复移动，实现试管排在不同工位间的切换，具体的，本实施例中混匀槽在图示位置时处于上料-下料-混匀工位，当运动至导轨205的另一端时则处于穿刺工位。
上述的导轨205、滑块207与位移电机206构成权利要求中的位移装置，当然，位移装置也可以采用其它公知的技术来实现混匀槽的位移。
混匀槽202优选为一盒体机构，其上设有容纳试管排的腔体，以及供试管排进出该腔体的开口。混匀槽通过水平转轴与支座201连接，其中一转轴的一端与混匀电机203的驱动轴连接，随着混匀电机203的驱动，混匀槽可相对支座201绕水平转轴转动，以实现混匀功能。同时，混匀槽202除了可以持续转动之外，还可以固定在某一静止状态，本实施例至少包括三个状态：开口朝上、开口朝下以及竖立状态，此三种状态分别对应不同的功能，比如开口朝上时实 现试管排的上料，开口朝下时实现试管排的下料，竖立状态时实现试管的穿刺，结合混匀槽的移动可以扩大混匀装置的适用范围。
本发明还包括未示出的穿刺装置，穿刺装置设于混匀槽移动路径之上，具体是处于导轨205的尾端，混匀槽202可先在导轨205的首端进行上料、混匀等步骤，混匀完成后移动至该穿刺装置处进行试管的穿刺动作。
混匀槽202在移动时固定在竖立状态，从而使其内的试管也处于竖立状态，同时位于此状态时的混匀槽202的顶部设有若干的穿刺孔2021，穿刺孔2021分别与试管内的各试管对正，以便穿刺装置进行穿刺动作。
进一步的，本发明还包括设于穿刺装置之前的检测装置(未示出)与扫码装置(未示出)，其中检测装置用于检测试管排内是否存在试管，扫码装置用于对试管进行扫码识别。
可以理解的是，上述的穿刺装置、检测装置与扫码装置可以根据需求替换成其他的功能装置，以进一步的扩大混匀装置的适用范围。
混匀槽锁止装置用204于对混匀槽进行锁止，以将其固定在当前状态，或者解除锁止，以使混匀槽可自由转动。本实施例中混匀槽锁止装置优选采用电磁锁紧，其具体包括电磁铁、锁止销与弹簧，锁止销水平设置，弹簧套设在锁止销上。初始状态下，弹簧作用于锁止销尾端的挡片之上，锁止销处于解锁状态；当电磁铁通电后，其吸附挡片从而迫使锁止销朝左侧***至混匀槽端部的锁止孔，此时锁止销处于锁止状态，弹簧发生压缩变形，而当电磁铁断电后，锁止销可在弹簧的作用下复位，恢复初始状态。
参照图8，示出了混匀槽处于竖立状态时的侧视图，如图所示，本发明还包括第一传感器208、第二传感器209与第三传感器210，其分别用于检测混匀槽202是否已经处于开口朝下、开口朝上以及竖立状态。
本发明中的混匀装置还包括试管排锁紧装置，参照图9与图10，分别示出了试管排锁紧装置在处于卡紧状态与张开状态时的示意图，试管排锁紧装置包括卡勾211与滑杆212。
滑杆212优选为一长杆型结构，其设于混匀槽的底部，可沿长度方向往复滑动，滑杆212的两侧对称设有凹槽2121，本实施例中凹槽2121为两组，沿滑杆212的长度方向分布，具体包括位于滑杆212左端的第一凹槽与位于滑杆 212右端的第二凹槽，其中第一凹槽的右端设有导入斜面，左端为开放端，第二凹槽的两端均设有导入斜面。
此外，滑杆212的中心还设有一条形孔2122，右端设有一定位条2123，该定位条使滑杆212整体呈T型结构。
卡勾211对称设于滑杆212的两侧，数量与凹槽2121对应相等，并能沿垂直于滑杆212滑动的方向发生弹性运动。当滑杆212从第一位置滑动至第二位置时，卡勾211同步反向运动，卡勾211间的距离不小于开口的宽度(如图10所示，或者长度，如当卡勾211处于混匀槽的两短边时)；当滑杆从第二位置滑动至第一位置时，卡勾211同步相向运动，卡勾间的距离小于开口的宽度(或者长度)。
卡勾211通过固定座213固定，具体的，固定座213上设有一通孔，一驱动杆(未示出)插接在通孔内并能沿轴向滑动。驱动杆的一端伸出与滑杆212抵持，另一端与卡勾211连接。驱动杆上套设有第一弹簧。
混匀槽上还设有定位片214与第二弹簧215，定位片214位于混匀槽的右端，第二弹簧215位于滑杆212上的条形孔2122内，其两端分别与滑杆212、混匀槽的槽体连接，第二弹簧215在初始状态时具有一定的拉伸量，其可以使滑杆212右端的定位条2123与定位片214抵持，从而将滑杆212的初始状态固定在第一位置，保证卡紧状态为卡紧装置的初始状态；而当滑杆212向左滑动时，第二弹簧215被进一步拉伸，以提供滑杆212复位的动力，如此，整个锁紧装置只需提供滑杆滑动的动力即可，无需设置额外的动力源，结构更为简洁，成本更为低廉。
本发明混匀装置的工作流程如下：
一、如图7所示，混匀槽202转动至开口朝上的状态，两侧的卡勾211张开，试管排从支撑装置100上落入至混匀槽202内，随后卡勾211合拢将试管排锁止在混匀槽内，此时即完成接料步骤。
二、混匀槽202持续转动若干圈以进行试样的混匀，第一次混匀完成后停留在竖立状态，如图8所示。
三、支座201与混匀槽202沿导轨205移动，依次经过检测装置检测试管排待穿刺的部位是否存在试管，检测通过后再经过扫码装置扫描条码，最后运 动至穿刺装置进行第一个试管的穿刺取样，在进行穿刺取样时电磁锁止装置204对混匀槽202进行锁止，避免其发生转动。
四、当完成第一个试管的穿刺取样工作后，混匀槽202带动试管排复位并进行第二次旋转混匀，待第二次混匀完成后继续进行有无检测、条码扫描与第二个试管的穿刺取样。
五、依次重复直至完成全部试管的穿刺取样工作，混匀槽202复位，并转动至开口朝下的状态，卡勾211再次张开，试管排自由下落实现下料步骤。
上述实施例中卡勾可自动切换锁止状态与解锁状态，作为试管排锁止装置的另一种效果不佳的实施方式，也可以仅具有将试管排锁止在混匀槽内的功能，然后结合人工进行试管排的上、下料，比如在混匀槽内设置弹片，试管排在进入混匀槽后抵压弹片，通过弹片与试管排之间的摩擦力进行固定。
上述实施例中所述步骤四和步骤五中的重复步骤是因本实施例中的穿刺位只有一个，穿刺装置一次只可以对一个试管穿刺采样；若穿刺装置具有多个穿刺位，可同时对多个试管穿刺采样进行分析，当然可相应减少试管排的重复步骤，直至完成全部试管的穿刺取样工作。
本实施例提供的混匀装置，可将试管排中的试管一起混匀、一起移动，不需要将单独的试管取出完成操作，结构简单，降低了故障率；且减少了操作者的工作量，有助于提升效率，节约成本。
卸料装置300
参照图11，示出了本发明卸料装置一个实施例的立体示意图，包括退料叉301与翻转板302。
退料叉301可在动力组件的驱动下沿直线移动，从而带动试管排运动，退料叉具体包括水平的第一承接板3011以及设于第一承接板3011首端的竖直的第一限位板3012，第一限位板3012与第一承接板3011之间形成放置试管排的第一容置空间，试管排从第一位置(退料位置)下落后直接落入第一容置空间内，由退料叉301带动前进。
本发明中退料叉301采用分段移动的方式，其驱动行程包括带动试管排运动至翻转板的第一行程，以及带动翻转后的试管排从翻转板运动至卸料位置的 第二行程，即试管排首先由退料叉301推送至翻转机构处进行翻转，翻转完成后再由退料叉301推送至第二位置进行存放，通过退料叉的分段移动，可以在试管排的退料过程中完成试管排的姿态调整，无需额外的行程，有助于减少退料时间，增加效率。
进一步的，为平衡受力，退料叉301的两侧各设有一组第一承接板3011与第一限位板3012。
翻转板302包括第二承接板3021与设于第二承接板3021尾端的垂直的第三承接板3022，第二承接板3021与第三承接板3022之间形成放置试管排的第二容置空间，转轴303则设于第二、第三承接板的连接处。
本实施例中第二承接板3021与第三承接板3022设于第一承接板3011的上方，为避免驱动机构与翻转机构之间发生干涉，第二承接板3021上设有一贯通其底部以及第三承接板3022的缺口，该缺口的高度应满足要求：退料叉301在翻转板翻转后可带动试管排从该缺口中越过翻转板。
翻转板302在图11中处于翻转之前的状态，此时第二承接板3021的首端优选搁置第一承接板3011之上，且相对第一承接板3011倾斜，以便于试管排能够顺利的进入第二容置空间内。
此外，本发明还包括设于第二位置处的缓存平台304，该用于放置翻转之后的试管排。
参照图12至图15，本发明卸料装置的工作流程如下：
一、图12示出了退料装置的初始状态，退料叉301伸至最长，第一容置空间处于第一位置，试管排400从上方混匀槽下落在第一承接板3011之上，第二承接板3021的首端搁置在第一承接板3011的上表面，并相对第一承接板3011倾斜。
二、图13示出了退料叉处于第一行程终点时的状态，待试管排400落在第一承接板3011之上后，退料叉301朝左侧运动，将试管排400推送至第二承接板3021上，退料叉301暂停运动。
三、图14示出了翻转板翻转后的状态，待试管排400运动至第二承接板3021上后，翻转板沿逆时针转动使试管排400竖起，此时第二承接板3021处 于竖直状态，第三承接板3022处于水平状态。
四、图15示出了退料叉处于第二行程终点时的状态，待试管排400竖起后，退料叉301再次运动，由翻转板上的缺口越过第二承接板3021并带动试管排400脱离翻转板，将试管排推送之第二位置(缓存平台304处)后复位。
以上是对本发明的较佳实施进行了具体说明，但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种自动进样装置，其特征在于，包括样品分离装置，设于所述样品分离装置下方的混匀装置，以及设于所述混匀装置下方的卸料装置，其中，所述样品分离装置用于从若干存放样品的试管排中分离出单独的试管排，该单独的试管排落入所述混匀装置后进行混匀，试管排在混匀装置处落入所述卸料装置处进行卸料操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述样品分离装置包括连杆机构与设于所述连杆机构下方的支撑装置，所述支撑装置包括可启闭的支撑板，所述支撑板在关闭时用于承接沿竖直方向堆叠的试管排，并在开启时允许试管排自由下落；连杆机构包括相对设置的第一支撑杆与第二支撑杆，该第一、第二支撑杆可相对靠近或者分离，其在相对靠近时支撑倒数第二层及以上的试管排，并在相对远离时允许试管排自由下落。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述连杆机构包括第一摆杆、第二摆杆、第一转轴、第二转轴与滑杆，其中，所述第一、第二转轴相互平行，所述第一、第二摆杆的一端分别与所述第一、第二转轴连接，所述第一、第二摆杆的另一端分别与所述滑杆的两端转动连接，第一、第二支撑杆分别通过摆杆连接至第一、第二转轴，所述第一、第二摆杆可通过所述滑杆而同向摆动，进而分别带动所述第一、第二支撑杆同步摆动，所述第一支撑杆位于所述第一转轴的下方，所述第二支撑杆位于所述第二转轴的上方，且所述第一、第二支撑杆位于同一水平面内，当所述第一、第二摆杆朝第一方向摆动时，所述第一、第二支撑杆相对靠近，当所述第一、第二摆杆朝相反的第二方向摆动时，所述第一、第二支撑杆相对远离。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述支撑装置包括第三转轴、第四转轴、第三摆杆、第四摆杆、滑块与直线电机，所述第三、第四转轴相互平行，并分别与所述支撑板固结，所述第三、第四摆杆的一端分别与所述第三、第四转轴固结，所述第三、第四摆杆的另一端与所述滑块转动连接并可相对滑块沿自身长度方向滑动，所述滑块可在所述直线电机的驱动下沿竖直方向往复运动，进而通过所述第三、第四摆杆带动所述支撑板往复转动。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述混匀装置包括支座与混匀槽，所述混匀槽上设有供所述试管排进出的开口，所述混匀槽与所述支座连接，并可绕一轴心而相对所述支座转动，且该混匀槽至少可固定在开口朝上、开口朝下以及竖立的状态。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，还包括位移装置与穿刺装置，所述混匀装置通过所述位移装置往复移动，所述穿刺装置设于所述位移装置的移动路径之上。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述混匀槽在移动时固定在竖立状态，且位于此状态时的混匀槽的顶部设有若干的穿刺孔，所述穿刺孔分别与试管排内的各试管对正。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，包括滑杆与卡勾，所述滑杆可沿其长度方向往复滑动，所述卡勾对称扣接在所述开口的两侧，并能沿垂直于所述滑杆滑动的方向发生弹性运动，其中当混匀槽固定在开口朝下状态时，所述滑杆从第一位置滑动至第二位置，所述卡勾同步反向运动，卡勾间距离不小于所述开口的宽度或者长度；当混匀槽转动时，所述滑杆从第二位置滑动至第一位置时，所述卡勾同步相向运动，卡勾间距离小于所述开口的宽度或者长度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，包括对应所述卡勾设置的第一弹簧与驱动杆，所述驱动杆的一端与所述滑杆抵持，另一端与对应卡勾连接，所述第一弹簧套接在所述驱动杆上，在所述卡勾相对对侧卡勾反向运动时被压缩；所述滑杆的两侧在与所述驱动杆抵持的部位对称设有凹槽，其中，所述滑杆处于第一位置时，所述驱动杆滑入所述凹槽内；所述滑杆处于第二位置时，所述驱动杆滑出所述凹槽。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述卸料装置包括退料叉与翻转板，其中所述退料叉用于带动所述试管排运动，所述翻转板用于带动试管排翻转，其中所述退料叉的驱动行程包括带动所述试管排运动至所述翻转板的第一行程，以及带动翻转后的试管排从所述翻转板运动至卸料位置的第二行程。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的自动进样装置，其特征在于，所述退料叉包括水平的第一承接板以及设于所述第一承接板首端的竖直的第一限位板，所述第一限位板与第一承接板之间形成放置所述试管排的第一容置空间；所述翻转板包括第二承接板与设于所述第二承接板尾端的垂直的第三承接板，所述第二承接板与第三承接板之间形成放置所述试管排的第二容置空间，所述转轴设于所述第二、第三承接板的连接处；所述第二承接板与第三承接板设于所述第一承接板的上方，所述第二承接板上设有一贯通其底部以及第三承接板的缺口，所述第一承接板与第一限位板可在所述第二承接板与第三承接板翻转后由该缺口越过该第二承接板与第三承接板。
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