WO2018058719A1 - Blood lipid detection modelling method and apparatus - Google Patents

Blood lipid detection modelling method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018058719A1
WO2018058719A1 PCT/CN2016/103029 CN2016103029W WO2018058719A1 WO 2018058719 A1 WO2018058719 A1 WO 2018058719A1 CN 2016103029 W CN2016103029 W CN 2016103029W WO 2018058719 A1 WO2018058719 A1 WO 2018058719A1
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layer
model
blood lipid
electrode
parasitic
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PCT/CN2016/103029
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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李景振
聂泽东
刘宇航
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深圳先进技术研究院
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of blood lipid detection, in particular to a blood lipid detection modeling method and device.
  • Blood lipids are a general term for neutral fats (triglycerides and cholesterol) and lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols, and steroids) in the blood, and are widely found in humans. They are essential for the metabolism of living cells. In general, the main components in blood lipids are triglycerides and cholesterol. There are two ways to obtain blood lipids in the human body. One is to form serum lipids through the secretion and synthesis of the body itself, and the other is to absorb the food from the ingested food.
  • the blood lipid test mainly adopts an invasive method, that is, by taking a blood sample of a patient and analyzing the blood sample by using a large biochemical analyzer, the blood lipid concentration of the patient is obtained.
  • the invasive blood lipid test method has high precision, it faces defects such as high detection cost and inconvenient detection. At the same time, patients still have to endure the pain caused by blood draw. Therefore, non-invasive blood lipid detection is an important development direction of blood lipid testing in the future.
  • the non-invasive blood lipid detection method is a method for obtaining the blood lipid concentration of a patient by using the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves, so that it is not necessary to collect the blood of the patient, and has the advantages of being non-invasive, simple, and quick.
  • Establishing a blood lipid test model is a prerequisite for studying non-invasive blood lipid detection technology.
  • the researchers mainly use experimental statistical methods to collect the blood lipid concentration of different volunteers at different time points, study the changes of blood lipids, and analyze the blood lipid concentration and other factors (such as food intake, etc.). relationship.
  • a small number of researchers have established a lipid test model, mainly using animals to construct a hyperlipidemia model.
  • CN102907357A discloses a method for constructing a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model, which feeds zebrafish by using egg yolk powder, chemically stains or fluorescently stains zebrafish, and acquires related images, images/micropores The plates were analyzed and statistically analyzed to finally establish a hyperlipidemia model for zebrafish.
  • the above-mentioned blood lipid detection model established by the method of experimental statistics has the following disadvantages: (1) Due to the differences in experimental conditions, the research data between the research teams lacks consensus, resulting in different research results; (2) due to The complexity of blood lipid changes, experimental statistical methods can only be used to predict the changes of blood lipids, can not fully explain the mechanism of electromagnetic wave / light wave signal changes caused by blood lipids; (3) experimental statistical methods are susceptible to environmental interference, poor repeatability, and high cost .
  • the invention provides a blood lipid detection modeling method and device, which aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems in the prior art to some extent.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for modeling blood lipid detection comprising:
  • Step a establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to the characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected
  • Step b analyzing parasitic effects in the environment and establishing a parasitic circuit model
  • Step c merging the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model.
  • the establishing the electromagnetic field simulation model specifically includes:
  • Step a1 dividing the blood lipid to be detected into a tissue layer composed of different media
  • Step a2 abstracting the outline of each divided tissue layer into a corresponding regular boundary geometry
  • Step a3 respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
  • Step a4 Set the complex permittivity of each tissue layer.
  • the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the step a further includes: waiting at the blood lipid a surface of the detecting portion is formed with a compact arc electrode; the curved electrode includes a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A and a second receiving electrode B, and the first transmitting electrode A, The second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are uniformly distributed in the same cross section of the electromagnetic simulation model.
  • the method for establishing the parasitic circuit model includes:
  • Step b1 determining the input impedance magnitude of the signal source R in ;
  • Step b2 determining the output impedance magnitude R out of the receiver
  • Step b3 The parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B is represented by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used by R 2 C 2 series circuit means that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used by R 4 C 4 series circuit representation to establish a parasitic circuit model;
  • Step b4 Simplify the parasitic circuit model.
  • the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the tissue layer includes a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, a blood layer; and the divided tissue layers
  • the outline is abstracted into corresponding regular boundary geometry.
  • the skin layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer and the blood layer are all abstracted into a cylinder.
  • a blood lipid detection modeling device including:
  • the first model establishing module is configured to establish an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected
  • a second model building module for analyzing parasitic effects in the environment and establishing a parasitic circuit model
  • Model fusion module used to fuse the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model Establish a blood lipid test model.
  • the first model establishing module includes:
  • Tissue layer dividing unit used to divide a blood lipid to be detected into a tissue layer composed of different media
  • Abstraction processing unit used to abstract the contours of the divided tissue layers into corresponding regular boundary geometry
  • the first model establishing unit is configured to respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
  • Complex dielectric constant setting unit used to set the complex permittivity of each tissue layer.
  • the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes an electrode establishing module, wherein the electrode establishing module is configured to establish a compact arc electrode on a surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion; the curved electrode includes a first transmitting electrode A, The second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B, the associated first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B are evenly distributed in the electromagnetic simulation model The same cross section.
  • the second model establishing module includes:
  • Signal source selection unit used to determine the input impedance magnitude R in of the signal source
  • Receiver selection unit for determining the output impedance magnitude Rout of the receiver
  • a second model establishing unit for expressing a parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and transmitting between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B
  • the effective application R 2 C 2 series circuit indicates that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, between the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B
  • the parasitic effect is represented by a R 4 C 4 series circuit to establish a parasitic circuit model
  • Model simplification unit used to simplify the parasitic circuit model.
  • the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the tissue layer includes a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, and a blood layer; and the abstract processing unit is divided.
  • the outline of each tissue layer is abstracted into corresponding regular boundary geometry.
  • the skin layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer and the blood layer are all abstracted into a cylinder.
  • the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: the blood lipid detection modeling method and device according to the embodiment of the present invention abstracts and models the blood lipid to be detected, thereby establishing a blood lipid to be detected portion.
  • Electromagnetic field simulation model At the same time, considering the influence of various parasitic effects in the environment, a parasitic circuit model is established.
  • the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model are merged to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination, which can analyze the signal response characteristics under different blood lipid concentrations. It maintains the consistency with the real part to be detected, and provides a new idea for studying the interaction mechanism between blood lipid and electromagnetic wave and non-invasive blood lipid detection technology.
  • the invention has low cost and good repeatability. High simulation accuracy and wide application range.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for modeling blood lipid detection according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (a) is a side view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model
  • Figure 2 (b) is a front view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model
  • Figure 3 (a) is a side view of the electrode distribution
  • Figure 3 (b) is a front view of the electrode distribution
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a parasitic circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a blood lipid detecting model based on field combination according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a blood lipid detecting and modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for modeling blood lipid detection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the blood lipid detection modeling method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step 100 determining a blood lipid to be detected, and establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
  • step 100 establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 110 Combining human anatomy, studying the overall distribution of blood lipids in the human body, and selecting a most suitable blood lipid to be detected;
  • the selected blood lipid to be detected is located at the forearm 5 cm away from the wrist, and may be selected according to the detection requirement.
  • Step 120 According to the distribution of human anatomy and human tissue, according to different tissue layer characteristics, the blood lipid to be detected is divided into a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, and a bone layer. a layer of 8 different media such as a blood layer;
  • Step 130 Abstract the outline of each tissue layer divided in step 120 into a corresponding regular boundary geometry
  • step 130 the embodiment of the present invention abstracts the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer, and the blood layer into a cylinder. It can be understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, You can also abstract each organizational layer into other geometric shapes.
  • Step 140 respectively establish an electromagnetic simulation model of each organizational layer, and perform electromagnetic simulation of each organizational layer The model is reconstructed in three dimensions to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
  • step 140 the embodiment of the present invention takes the forearm electromagnetic simulation model as an example, as shown in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b), FIG. 2(a) is a side view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model; FIG. 2(b) A front view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model.
  • the electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer are established as follows:
  • Step 141 Establish a skin layer simulation model with a thickness of 1 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 49 mm and 50 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A skin layer simulation model is obtained.
  • Step 142 Establish a dermis layer simulation model with a thickness of 4 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 49 mm and 45 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A dermal layer simulation model was obtained.
  • Step 143 Establish a subcutaneous tissue layer simulation model with a thickness of 3 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 45 mm and 42 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. , to obtain a subcutaneous tissue layer simulation model.
  • Step 144 Establish a fat layer simulation model with a thickness of 10 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 42 mm and 32 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A fat layer simulation model is obtained.
  • Step 145 Establish a muscle layer simulation model with a thickness of 25 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 32 mm and 7 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A muscle layer simulation model is obtained.
  • Step 146 Establish a ligament layer simulation model with a thickness of 1 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 7 mm and 6 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A ligament layer simulation model is obtained.
  • Step 147 Establish a bone layer simulation model with a radius of 6 mm; the specific modeling method is: taking the origin For the center of the circle, a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 6 mm was established.
  • Step 148 Establish a blood layer simulation model; the specific modeling method is: in the upper half and the lower half of the muscle layer simulation model, a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 3.5 mm is respectively established.
  • Step 150 setting a complex permittivity of each tissue layer
  • the complex permittivity of each tissue layer is set to be: for the epidermal layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, and the bone layer, the complex permittivity is a fourth-order cole. -cole model representation.
  • the complex permittivity is a fourth-order cole. -cole model representation.
  • the lipid concentration parameter should be added to the cole-cole model.
  • Step 151 collecting blood samples of a plurality of volunteers by adding different concentrations of blood lipid mimic materials (such as phospholipids) to the blood samples, and using a network analyzer and a dielectric probe to obtain a corresponding blood for the different blood lipid concentrations. Electrical constant, and the measured complex permittivity is imported into matlab software;
  • blood lipid mimic materials such as phospholipids
  • Step 152 Determine a first-order cole-cole model of the blood layer, as shown in equation (2):
  • ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) A 1 p 2 + B 1 p + C 1
  • ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) A 2 p 2 + B 2 p + C 2
  • ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) A 3 p 2 +B 3 p+C 3
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) A 4 p 2 +B 4 p+C 4
  • ⁇ is the concentration of blood lipids
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are fitting parameters of blood lipid concentration.
  • Step 153 In Matlab software, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 12 fitting parameters A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 of blood lipid concentration are used. B 4 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are calculated and optimized to determine the size of 12 fitting parameters;
  • Step 154 Substituting 12 fitting parameters into formula (2) respectively, simulating different blood lipid concentrations The complex dielectric constant of the blood.
  • Step 200 establishing a compact curved electrode on the surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion
  • step 200 establishing a compact arc electrode specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 210 Determine the structure of the electrode
  • the simulation model of the transceiver in addition to establishing an electromagnetic simulation model of the portion to be detected, a simulation model of the transceiver is also needed to implement signal transmission and reception.
  • the simulation model of the transceiver mainly includes four electrodes: a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A, and a second receiving electrode B.
  • the four electrodes are all in the shape of curved electrodes, which facilitates close contact with the skin layer in the electromagnetic simulation model, making the signal easier to couple into the interior of the detection site.
  • Step 220 Determine the size and position of the electrode
  • the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B of the embodiment of the present invention each have a thickness of 1 mm, a length of 15 mm, and a width of 10 mm.
  • the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are evenly distributed in the same cross section in the electromagnetic simulation model, that is, the distance between the electrodes remains the same, wherein the first emission The electrode A is located at 9 o'clock, the second emitter electrode B is at 12 o'clock, the first receiving electrode A is at 15 o'clock, and the second receiving electrode B is at 18 o'clock. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments of the invention, the size and location of the electrodes may also be adjusted based on the detection requirements.
  • Step 230 sequentially establish models of the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B;
  • the electrode model is established as follows: First, a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 51 mm and 50 mm is established with the origin as a center, and the two cylinders are subtracted to obtain an inner hollow and a thickness. It is a 1mm cylinder. Second, build a long distance from the origin. A rectangular parallelepiped having a height of 15 mm, a width of 10 mm, a height direction of 9 o'clock and a height of 52 mm, and a boolean operation of the obtained rectangular parallelepiped and the cylinder to obtain an intersection between the two, thereby obtaining a length of 15 mm and a width.
  • FIG. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) a model of the first emitter electrode A having a thickness of 1 mm and a thickness of 1 mm; and repeating the above manner, the models of the second emitter electrode B, the first receiver electrode A and the second receiver electrode B are sequentially established, as shown in FIG. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), Fig. 3(a) is a side view of the electrode distribution, and Fig. 3(b) is a front view of the electrode distribution.
  • Step 300 analyze the effects of various parasitic effects and establish a parasitic circuit model
  • step 300 in the practical application of blood lipid detection, various parasitic effects often occur, thereby affecting the detection accuracy of blood lipids.
  • Parasitic effects include the input impedance of the signal source, the output impedance of the receiver, the contact impedance between the electrode and the skin surface, the signal coupling between the different electrodes, the interference noise in the environment, etc., in order to make the established lipid detection model closer to the real situation.
  • a parasitic circuit model is established by analyzing the effects of various parasitic effects. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, it is a schematic diagram of a parasitic circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Establishing a parasitic circuit model specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 310 Determine the input impedance magnitude R in the signal source according to the experimental measurement result
  • Step 320 Determine the output impedance magnitude Rout of the receiver according to the experimental measurement result
  • Step 330 The parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B is represented by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and similarly, the parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used.
  • the R 2 C 2 series circuit indicates that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, and the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B are sent together. Effective application of the R 4 C 4 series circuit representation to establish a parasitic circuit model;
  • Step 350 Calculate the size of the C value, and calculate the C value as follows:
  • Step 400 Fusion the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination;
  • step 400 is a schematic diagram of a blood lipid detection model based on field-path combination according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention combines the established electromagnetic simulation model with the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination, wherein the electromagnetic simulation model includes the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer and the muscle of the to-be-detected part. a layer of 8 different media such as a layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, a blood layer, and a first emitter electrode A, a second emitter electrode B, a first receiving electrode A, and a second receiving electrode B.
  • the parasitic circuit model includes the input impedance R in of the signal source, the output impedance R out of the receiver, and the series circuits R 1 C 1 , R 2 C 2 , R 3 C 3 , R 4 C 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a blood lipid detecting and modeling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the blood lipid detection modeling apparatus of the embodiment of the invention includes a first model building module, an electrode building module, and a second model Establishing a module and a model fusion module;
  • the first model building module is for determining a blood lipid to be detected, and establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
  • the electrode establishing module is for establishing a compact arc on the surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion
  • the second model building module is used to analyze the influence of various parasitic effects and establish a parasitic circuit model;
  • the model fusion module is used to fuse the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field and path combination.
  • the first model establishing module includes a detecting part selecting unit, a tissue layer dividing unit, an abstraction processing unit, a first model establishing unit, and a complex dielectric constant setting unit;
  • Detection site selection unit used to combine human anatomy, study the overall distribution of blood lipids in the human body, and select a most suitable blood lipid to be detected;
  • Tissue layer division unit used to divide the blood lipid to be detected into the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, and the ligament according to the distribution of human anatomy and human tissue according to different tissue layer characteristics.
  • a layer of 8 different media such as layers, bone layers, and blood layers;
  • An abstraction processing unit for abstracting the contours of the divided tissue layers into corresponding regular boundary geometries; in the embodiment of the invention, the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, and the muscle
  • the layers, ligament layers, bone layers, and blood layers are each abstracted as a cylinder, it being understood that in other embodiments of the invention, each tissue layer may also be abstracted into other geometric shapes.
  • the first model establishing unit is configured to respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media; wherein, electromagnetic simulation of each organizational layer
  • the model is established as follows:
  • a bone layer simulation model with a radius of 6 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder with a length of 500 mm and a radius of 6 mm is established with the origin as the center.
  • a blood layer simulation model the specific modeling method is: in the upper half and the lower half of the muscle layer simulation model, a cylinder with a length of 500 mm and a radius of 3.5 mm is respectively established.
  • Complex dielectric constant setting unit used to set the complex dielectric constant of each tissue layer; in the embodiment of the present invention, the complex dielectric constant setting manner of each tissue layer is specifically: for the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, and the subcutaneous layer
  • the complex dielectric constants of the tissue layer, fat layer, muscle layer, ligament layer and bone layer are represented by a fourth-order cole-cole model.
  • For the blood layer since blood lipids are present in the blood, changes in blood lipid concentrations cause changes in the complex permittivity of the blood. Therefore, when using the cole-cole model to represent the blood layer, you need to be in cole-cole Blood lipid concentration parameters were added to the model.
  • the process for setting the complex permittivity of the blood layer is as follows:
  • ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) A 1 p 2 + B 1 p + C 1
  • ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) A 2 p 2 + B 2 p + C 2
  • ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) A 3 p 2 +B 3 p+C 3
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) A 4 p 2 +B 4 p+C 4
  • ⁇ is the concentration of blood lipids
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are fitting parameters of blood lipid concentration.
  • the electrode establishing module includes an electrode structure determining unit, an electrode position determining unit, and an electrode model establishing unit;
  • the electrode structure determining unit is configured to determine the structure of the electrode; wherein, in the blood lipid detecting model, in addition to establishing an electromagnetic simulation model of the portion to be detected, a simulation model of the transceiver is needed to implement signal transmission and reception.
  • the simulation model of the transceiver mainly includes four electrodes: a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A, and a second receiving electrode B.
  • the four electrodes are all in the shape of curved electrodes, which facilitates close contact with the skin layer in the electromagnetic simulation model, making the signal easier to couple into the interior of the detection site.
  • An electrode position determining unit configured to determine a size and a position of the electrode; wherein, in the embodiment of the present invention
  • the first emitter electrode A, the second emitter electrode B, the first receiver electrode A, and the second receiver electrode B each have a thickness of 1 mm, a length of 15 mm, and a width of 10 mm.
  • first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are evenly distributed in the same cross section in the electromagnetic simulation model, that is, the distance between the electrodes remains the same, wherein the first emission
  • the electrode A is located at 9 o'clock
  • the second emitter electrode B is at 12 o'clock
  • the first receiving electrode A is at 15 o'clock
  • the second receiving electrode B is at 18 o'clock.
  • the size and location of the electrodes may also be adjusted based on the detection requirements.
  • An electrode model establishing unit a model for sequentially establishing the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B; wherein the electrode model is established by: first, taking the origin as a center, A cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 51 mm and 50 mm was established, and the two cylinders were subtracted to obtain a cylinder having an inner hollow and a thickness of 1 mm. Secondly, a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 15mm, a width of 10mm, a height direction of 9 o'clock and a height of 52mm is established centering on the origin, and the obtained cuboid and cylinder are Boolean operations to obtain the intersection between the two.
  • FIG. 3(a) is a side view of the electrode distribution
  • FIG. 3(b) is a front view of the electrode distribution.
  • the second model building module includes a signal source selecting unit, a receiver selecting unit, a second model establishing unit, and a model simplifying unit;
  • Signal source selection unit for determining the input impedance magnitude R in of the signal source according to the experimental measurement result
  • Receiver selection unit for determining the output impedance magnitude R out of the receiver according to the experimental measurement result
  • a second model establishing unit for expressing a parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, similarly, the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B
  • the parasitic effect between the two is represented by a R 2 C 2 series circuit
  • the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit
  • the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode are
  • the parasitic effect between B is represented by a R 4 C 4 series circuit, thereby establishing a parasitic circuit model
  • the blood lipid detection modeling method and device abstracts and models the blood lipid to be detected, thereby establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model of the blood lipid to be detected.
  • a parasitic circuit model is established.
  • the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model are merged to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination, which can analyze the signal response characteristics under different blood lipid concentrations. , to maintain the consistency with the real part to be tested, and to study
  • the interaction mechanism between blood lipid and electromagnetic wave and non-invasive blood lipid detection technology provide a new idea.
  • the invention has the advantages of low cost, good repeatability, high simulation precision and wide application range.

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Abstract

A blood lipid detection modelling method and apparatus, which relate to the technical field of blood lipid detection. The blood lipid detection modelling method comprises: step a: establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of a site at which blood lipid is to be detected (100); step b: analysing parasitic effects in the environment, and establishing a parasitic circuit model (300); and step c: fusing the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model, and establishing a blood lipid detection model (400). By means of the blood lipid detection modelling method, signal response characteristics at different blood lipid concentrations can be analysed, consistency with a real site to be detected is kept to the maximum, and a new thought is provided for the studying of an interaction mechanism between blood lipid and an electromagnetic wave and for a non-invasive blood lipid detection technology. Furthermore, the present invention further has the advantages of low costs, good repeatability, a high simulation precision, a wide application range, etc.

Description

一种血脂检测建模方法及装置Blood lipid detection modeling method and device 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及血脂检测技术领域，特别涉及一种血脂检测建模方法及装置。The invention relates to the technical field of blood lipid detection, in particular to a blood lipid detection modeling method and device.
背景技术Background technique
血脂是血液中的中性脂肪(甘油三酯和胆固醇)和类脂(磷脂、糖脂、固醇、类固醇)的总称，广泛存在于人体中。它们是生命细胞的基础代谢必需物质。一般说来，血脂中的主要成分是甘油三酯和胆固醇。人体内的血脂来源有两种途径，一是通过人体自身分泌、合成作用而形成血清脂类物质，二是人体从摄取的食物中吸收而来。目前，血脂检测主要采用有创方法，即通过抽取患者的血液样本，并利用大型生化仪对血液样本进行分析，从而得到患者的血脂浓度。有创血脂检测法虽然精度高，然而其面临着检测成本较大、检测不便等缺陷。同时，患者还需忍受抽血引起的疼痛。因此，无创血脂检测法是未来血脂检测的重要发展方向。Blood lipids are a general term for neutral fats (triglycerides and cholesterol) and lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols, and steroids) in the blood, and are widely found in humans. They are essential for the metabolism of living cells. In general, the main components in blood lipids are triglycerides and cholesterol. There are two ways to obtain blood lipids in the human body. One is to form serum lipids through the secretion and synthesis of the body itself, and the other is to absorb the food from the ingested food. At present, the blood lipid test mainly adopts an invasive method, that is, by taking a blood sample of a patient and analyzing the blood sample by using a large biochemical analyzer, the blood lipid concentration of the patient is obtained. Although the invasive blood lipid test method has high precision, it faces defects such as high detection cost and inconvenient detection. At the same time, patients still have to endure the pain caused by blood draw. Therefore, non-invasive blood lipid detection is an important development direction of blood lipid testing in the future.
无创血脂检测法是一种利用电磁波的反射、透射来获取患者的血脂浓度的方法，因此无需采集患者的血液，具有无创、简便、快速等的优势。建立血脂检测模型是研究无创血脂检测技术的前提。目前，在血脂建模研究方面，研究者主要采用实验统计方法，通过采集多个志愿者在不同时间段血脂浓度，研究血脂的变化规律，分析血脂浓度与其他因素(如食物摄入等)的关系。此外，有少部分研究者建立了血脂检测模型，主要是利用动物构建了高脂血症模型。例如，中国专利CN102907357A公开了一种斑马鱼高脂血症模型的构建方法，该方法通过利用蛋黄粉喂养斑马鱼，使斑马鱼组织化学染色或荧光染色，并获取相关图像，对图像/微孔板进行分析和统计，最终建立斑马鱼的高脂血症模型。 The non-invasive blood lipid detection method is a method for obtaining the blood lipid concentration of a patient by using the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves, so that it is not necessary to collect the blood of the patient, and has the advantages of being non-invasive, simple, and quick. Establishing a blood lipid test model is a prerequisite for studying non-invasive blood lipid detection technology. At present, in the research of blood lipid modeling, the researchers mainly use experimental statistical methods to collect the blood lipid concentration of different volunteers at different time points, study the changes of blood lipids, and analyze the blood lipid concentration and other factors (such as food intake, etc.). relationship. In addition, a small number of researchers have established a lipid test model, mainly using animals to construct a hyperlipidemia model. For example, Chinese Patent No. CN102907357A discloses a method for constructing a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model, which feeds zebrafish by using egg yolk powder, chemically stains or fluorescently stains zebrafish, and acquires related images, images/micropores The plates were analyzed and statistically analyzed to finally establish a hyperlipidemia model for zebrafish.
然而，上述采用实验统计的方法建立的血脂检测模型存在如下的缺点：(1)由于实验条件的差异性，各研究团队之间的研究数据缺乏共识，导致研究结果各不相同；(2)由于血脂变化的复杂性，实验统计方法只能用于预测血脂的变化规律，不能完全解释血脂引起电磁波/光波信号变化的机理；(3)实验统计方法易受环境干扰、可重复性差，且成本高。However, the above-mentioned blood lipid detection model established by the method of experimental statistics has the following disadvantages: (1) Due to the differences in experimental conditions, the research data between the research teams lacks consensus, resulting in different research results; (2) due to The complexity of blood lipid changes, experimental statistical methods can only be used to predict the changes of blood lipids, can not fully explain the mechanism of electromagnetic wave / light wave signal changes caused by blood lipids; (3) experimental statistical methods are susceptible to environmental interference, poor repeatability, and high cost .
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供了一种血脂检测建模方法及装置，旨在至少在一定程度上解决现有技术中的上述技术问题之一。The invention provides a blood lipid detection modeling method and device, which aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems in the prior art to some extent.
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了如下技术方案：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种血脂检测建模方法，包括：A method for modeling blood lipid detection, comprising:
步骤a：根据血脂待检测部位的特性建立电磁场仿真模型；Step a: establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to the characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
步骤b：分析环境中的寄生效应，建立寄生电路模型；Step b: analyzing parasitic effects in the environment and establishing a parasitic circuit model;
步骤c：将所述电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立血脂检测模型。Step c: merging the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：在所述步骤a中，所述建立电磁场仿真模型具体包括：The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: in the step a, the establishing the electromagnetic field simulation model specifically includes:
步骤a1：将血脂待检测部位划分为由不同介质组成的组织层；Step a1: dividing the blood lipid to be detected into a tissue layer composed of different media;
步骤a2：将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体；Step a2: abstracting the outline of each divided tissue layer into a corresponding regular boundary geometry;
步骤a3：分别建立各组织层的电磁仿真模型，并将各组织层的电磁仿真模型进行三维重构，建立基于多种介质的电磁仿真模型；Step a3: respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
步骤a4：设定各组织层的复介电常数。Step a4: Set the complex permittivity of each tissue layer.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：所述步骤a还包括：在所述血脂待 检测部位的表面建立紧凑型的弧形电极；所述弧形电极包括第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B，所属第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B均匀分布在所述电磁仿真模型的同一横截面。The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the step a further includes: waiting at the blood lipid a surface of the detecting portion is formed with a compact arc electrode; the curved electrode includes a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A and a second receiving electrode B, and the first transmitting electrode A, The second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are uniformly distributed in the same cross section of the electromagnetic simulation model.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：在所述步骤b中，所述寄生电路模型建立方式包括：The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: in the step b, the method for establishing the parasitic circuit model includes:
步骤b1：确定信号源的输入阻抗大小Rin；Step b1: determining the input impedance magnitude of the signal source R in ;
步骤b2：确定接收器的输出阻抗大小Rout；Step b2: determining the output impedance magnitude R out of the receiver;
步骤b3：将第一发射电极A与第二发射电极B之间的寄生效应用R1C1串联电路表示，将第一发射电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R2C2串联电路表示，将第二发射电极B与第一接收电极A之间的寄生效应用R3C3串联电路表示，将第一接收电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R4C4串联电路表示，从而建立寄生电路模型；Step b3: The parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B is represented by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used by R 2 C 2 series circuit means that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used by R 4 C 4 series circuit representation to establish a parasitic circuit model;
步骤b4：对所述寄生电路模型进行简化处理。Step b4: Simplify the parasitic circuit model.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：所述组织层包括表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层；所述将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体具体为：将表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层和血液层均抽象为圆柱体。The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the tissue layer includes a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, a blood layer; and the divided tissue layers The outline is abstracted into corresponding regular boundary geometry. The skin layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer and the blood layer are all abstracted into a cylinder.
本发明实施例采取的另一技术方案为：一种血脂检测建模装置，包括：Another technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is: a blood lipid detection modeling device, including:
第一模型建立模块：用于根据血脂待检测部位的特性建立电磁场仿真模型；The first model establishing module is configured to establish an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
第二模型建立模块：用于分析环境中的寄生效应，建立寄生电路模型；a second model building module: for analyzing parasitic effects in the environment and establishing a parasitic circuit model;
模型融合模块：用于将所述电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建 立血脂检测模型。Model fusion module: used to fuse the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model Establish a blood lipid test model.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：所述第一模型建立模块包括：The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the first model establishing module includes:
组织层划分单元：用于将血脂待检测部位划分为由不同介质组成的组织层；Tissue layer dividing unit: used to divide a blood lipid to be detected into a tissue layer composed of different media;
抽象化处理单元：用于将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体；Abstraction processing unit: used to abstract the contours of the divided tissue layers into corresponding regular boundary geometry;
第一模型建立单元：用于分别建立各组织层的电磁仿真模型，并将各组织层的电磁仿真模型进行三维重构，建立基于多种介质的电磁仿真模型；The first model establishing unit is configured to respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
复介电常数设定单元：用于设定各组织层的复介电常数。Complex dielectric constant setting unit: used to set the complex permittivity of each tissue layer.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括电极建立模块，所述电极建立模块用于在所述血脂待检测部位的表面建立紧凑型的弧形电极；所述弧形电极包括第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B，所属第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B均匀分布在所述电磁仿真模型的同一横截面。The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes an electrode establishing module, wherein the electrode establishing module is configured to establish a compact arc electrode on a surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion; the curved electrode includes a first transmitting electrode A, The second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B, the associated first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B are evenly distributed in the electromagnetic simulation model The same cross section.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：所述第二模型建立模块包括：The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the second model establishing module includes:
信号源选择单元：用于确定信号源的输入阻抗大小Rin；Signal source selection unit: used to determine the input impedance magnitude R in of the signal source;
接收器选择单元：用于确定接收器的输出阻抗大小Rout；Receiver selection unit: for determining the output impedance magnitude Rout of the receiver;
第二模型建立单元：用于将第一发射电极A与第二发射电极B之间的寄生效应用R1C1串联电路表示，将第一发射电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R2C2串联电路表示，将第二发射电极B与第一接收电极A之间的寄生效应用R3C3串联电路表示，将第一接收电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R4C4串联电路表示，从而建立寄生电路模型；a second model establishing unit: for expressing a parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and transmitting between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B The effective application R 2 C 2 series circuit indicates that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, between the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B The parasitic effect is represented by a R 4 C 4 series circuit to establish a parasitic circuit model;
模型简化单元：用于对所述寄生电路模型进行简化处理。 Model simplification unit: used to simplify the parasitic circuit model.
本发明实施例采取的技术方案还包括：所述组织层包括表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层；所述抽象化处理单元将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体具体为：将表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层和血液层均抽象为圆柱体。The technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the tissue layer includes a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, and a blood layer; and the abstract processing unit is divided. The outline of each tissue layer is abstracted into corresponding regular boundary geometry. The skin layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer and the blood layer are all abstracted into a cylinder.
相对于现有技术，本发明实施例产生的有益效果在于：本发明实施例的血脂检测建模方法及装置根据血脂待检测部位的特性对其进行抽象化建模，从而建立血脂待检测部位的电磁场仿真模型。同时，考虑到环境中各种寄生效应的影响，建立寄生电路模型；并将电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立基于场路结合的血脂检测模型，可以分析在不同血脂浓度下信号响应特性，最大限度保持了与真实待检测部位的一致性，并为研究血脂与电磁波的相互作用机理以及无创血脂检测技术提供了一种新的思路；同时，本发明还具有成本低、可重复性好、仿真精度高、运用范围广等优点。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: the blood lipid detection modeling method and device according to the embodiment of the present invention abstracts and models the blood lipid to be detected, thereby establishing a blood lipid to be detected portion. Electromagnetic field simulation model. At the same time, considering the influence of various parasitic effects in the environment, a parasitic circuit model is established. The electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model are merged to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination, which can analyze the signal response characteristics under different blood lipid concentrations. It maintains the consistency with the real part to be detected, and provides a new idea for studying the interaction mechanism between blood lipid and electromagnetic wave and non-invasive blood lipid detection technology. At the same time, the invention has low cost and good repeatability. High simulation accuracy and wide application range.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例的血脂检测建模方法的流程图；1 is a flow chart of a method for modeling blood lipid detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2(a)为前臂电磁仿真模型侧视图；图2(b)为前臂电磁仿真模型正视图；Figure 2 (a) is a side view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model; Figure 2 (b) is a front view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model;
图3(a)为电极分布侧视图；图3(b)为电极分布正视图；Figure 3 (a) is a side view of the electrode distribution; Figure 3 (b) is a front view of the electrode distribution;
图4为本发明实施例的寄生电路模型示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a parasitic circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的基于场路结合的血脂检测模型示意图；FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a blood lipid detecting model based on field combination according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图6是本发明实施例的血脂检测建模装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a blood lipid detecting and modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
请参阅图1，是本发明实施例的血脂检测建模方法的流程图。本发明实施例的血脂检测建模方法包括以下步骤：Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a flowchart of a method for modeling blood lipid detection according to an embodiment of the present invention. The blood lipid detection modeling method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
步骤100：确定血脂待检测部位，根据血脂待检测部位的特性建立电磁场仿真模型；Step 100: determining a blood lipid to be detected, and establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
在步骤100中，建立电磁场仿真模型具体包括以下步骤：In step 100, establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model specifically includes the following steps:
步骤110：结合人体解剖学，研究血脂在人体的整体分布情况，选择一个最适合的血脂待检测部位；Step 110: Combining human anatomy, studying the overall distribution of blood lipids in the human body, and selecting a most suitable blood lipid to be detected;
上述中，在本发明实施例中，选择的血脂待检测部位为距离手腕5cm的前臂处，具体可以根据检测需求而选择。In the above embodiment, in the embodiment of the present invention, the selected blood lipid to be detected is located at the forearm 5 cm away from the wrist, and may be selected according to the detection requirement.
步骤120：根据人体解剖学和人体组织的分布情况，按不同的组织层特性，将血脂待检测部位划分为由表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层等8种不同介质的组织层；Step 120: According to the distribution of human anatomy and human tissue, according to different tissue layer characteristics, the blood lipid to be detected is divided into a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, and a bone layer. a layer of 8 different media such as a blood layer;
步骤130：将步骤120中划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体；Step 130: Abstract the outline of each tissue layer divided in step 120 into a corresponding regular boundary geometry;
在步骤130中，本发明实施例将表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层和血液层均抽象为圆柱体，可以理解，在本发明其他实施例中，也可将各组织层抽象为其他几何体形状。In step 130, the embodiment of the present invention abstracts the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer, and the blood layer into a cylinder. It can be understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, You can also abstract each organizational layer into other geometric shapes.
步骤140：分别建立各组织层的电磁仿真模型，并将各组织层的电磁仿真 模型进行三维重构，建立基于多种介质的电磁仿真模型；Step 140: respectively establish an electromagnetic simulation model of each organizational layer, and perform electromagnetic simulation of each organizational layer The model is reconstructed in three dimensions to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
在步骤140，本发明实施例以建立前臂电磁仿真模型为例，如图2(a)和图2(b)所示，图2(a)为前臂电磁仿真模型侧视图；图2(b)为前臂电磁仿真模型正视图。各组织层的电磁仿真模型建立方式分别为：In step 140, the embodiment of the present invention takes the forearm electromagnetic simulation model as an example, as shown in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b), FIG. 2(a) is a side view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model; FIG. 2(b) A front view of the forearm electromagnetic simulation model. The electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer are established as follows:
步骤141：建立厚度为1mm的表皮层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为49mm和50mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到表皮层仿真模型。Step 141: Establish a skin layer simulation model with a thickness of 1 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 49 mm and 50 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A skin layer simulation model is obtained.
步骤142：建立厚度为4mm的真皮层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为49mm和45mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到真皮层仿真模型。Step 142: Establish a dermis layer simulation model with a thickness of 4 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 49 mm and 45 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A dermal layer simulation model was obtained.
步骤143：建立厚度为3mm的皮下组织层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为45mm和42mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到皮下组织层仿真模型。Step 143: Establish a subcutaneous tissue layer simulation model with a thickness of 3 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 45 mm and 42 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. , to obtain a subcutaneous tissue layer simulation model.
步骤144：建立厚度为10mm的脂肪层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为42mm和32mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到脂肪层仿真模型。Step 144: Establish a fat layer simulation model with a thickness of 10 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 42 mm and 32 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A fat layer simulation model is obtained.
步骤145：建立厚度为25mm的肌肉层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为32mm和7mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到肌肉层仿真模型。Step 145: Establish a muscle layer simulation model with a thickness of 25 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 32 mm and 7 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A muscle layer simulation model is obtained.
步骤146：建立厚度为1mm的韧带层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为7mm和6mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到韧带层仿真模型。Step 146: Establish a ligament layer simulation model with a thickness of 1 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 7 mm and 6 mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. A ligament layer simulation model is obtained.
步骤147：建立半径为6mm的骨骼层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点 为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为6mm的圆柱体。Step 147: Establish a bone layer simulation model with a radius of 6 mm; the specific modeling method is: taking the origin For the center of the circle, a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 6 mm was established.
步骤148：建立血液层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：在肌肉层仿真模型的上半部与下半部，分别建立一个长度为500mm，半径为3.5mm的圆柱体。Step 148: Establish a blood layer simulation model; the specific modeling method is: in the upper half and the lower half of the muscle layer simulation model, a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 3.5 mm is respectively established.
步骤150：设定各组织层的复介电常数；Step 150: setting a complex permittivity of each tissue layer;
在步骤150中，设定各组织层的复介电常数具体为：对于表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层和骨骼层，其复介电常数采用四阶cole-cole模型表示。对于血液层，由于血脂存在于血液中，血脂浓度的变化会引起血液的复介电常数的变化。因此，在采用cole-cole模型表示血液层时，需在cole-cole模型中加入血脂浓度参数。对于血液层的复介电常数设定过程如下：In step 150, the complex permittivity of each tissue layer is set to be: for the epidermal layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, and the bone layer, the complex permittivity is a fourth-order cole. -cole model representation. For the blood layer, since blood lipids are present in the blood, changes in blood lipid concentrations cause changes in the complex permittivity of the blood. Therefore, when using the cole-cole model to represent the blood layer, the lipid concentration parameter should be added to the cole-cole model. The process for setting the complex permittivity of the blood layer is as follows:
步骤151：采集多个志愿者的血液样本，通过在血液样本中添加不同浓度的血脂模拟材料(如磷脂等)，并利用网络分析仪和介电探头获取不同血脂浓度时血液所对应的复介电常数，并将所测量的复介电常数导入matlab软件；Step 151: collecting blood samples of a plurality of volunteers by adding different concentrations of blood lipid mimic materials (such as phospholipids) to the blood samples, and using a network analyzer and a dielectric probe to obtain a corresponding blood for the different blood lipid concentrations. Electrical constant, and the measured complex permittivity is imported into matlab software;
步骤152：确定血液层的一阶cole-cole模型,如公式(2)所示：Step 152: Determine a first-order cole-cole model of the blood layer, as shown in equation (2):
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000001
在公式(2)中，ε∞(ρ)＝A1p2+B1p+C1，Δε1(ρ)＝A2p2+B2p+C2，τ1(ρ)＝A3p2+B3p+C3，σ(ρ)＝A4p2+B4p+C4，ρ为血脂的浓度，A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,B3,B4,C1,C2,C3,C4为血脂浓度的拟合参数。In the formula (2), ε ∞ (ρ) = A 1 p 2 + B 1 p + C 1 , Δε 1 (ρ) = A 2 p 2 + B 2 p + C 2 , τ 1 (ρ) = A 3 p 2 +B 3 p+C 3 , σ(ρ)=A 4 p 2 +B 4 p+C 4 , ρ is the concentration of blood lipids, A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are fitting parameters of blood lipid concentration.
步骤153：在matlab软件中，利用粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm optimization，PSO)对血脂浓度的12个拟合参数A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,B3,B4,C1,C2,C3,C4进行计算和优化，确定12个拟合参数的大小；Step 153: In Matlab software, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 12 fitting parameters A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 of blood lipid concentration are used. B 4 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are calculated and optimized to determine the size of 12 fitting parameters;
步骤154：将12个拟合参数分别代入公式(2)，模拟出不同血脂浓度所对 应的血液的复介电常数。Step 154: Substituting 12 fitting parameters into formula (2) respectively, simulating different blood lipid concentrations The complex dielectric constant of the blood.
步骤200：在血脂待检测部位的表面建立紧凑型的弧形电极；Step 200: establishing a compact curved electrode on the surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion;
在步骤200中，建立紧凑型的弧形电极具体包括以下步骤：In step 200, establishing a compact arc electrode specifically includes the following steps:
步骤210：确定电极的结构；Step 210: Determine the structure of the electrode;
在步骤210中，在血脂检测模型中，除了建立待检测部位的电磁仿真模型外，还需建立收发器的仿真模型，用于实现信号的发送与接收。在本发明实施例中，收发器的仿真模型主要包括第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B四个电极。这四个电极的形状均为弧形电极，从而有利于与电磁仿真模型中的表皮层紧密接触，使信号更容易耦合入检测部位内部中。In step 210, in the blood lipid detection model, in addition to establishing an electromagnetic simulation model of the portion to be detected, a simulation model of the transceiver is also needed to implement signal transmission and reception. In the embodiment of the present invention, the simulation model of the transceiver mainly includes four electrodes: a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A, and a second receiving electrode B. The four electrodes are all in the shape of curved electrodes, which facilitates close contact with the skin layer in the electromagnetic simulation model, making the signal easier to couple into the interior of the detection site.
步骤220：确定电极的大小和位置；Step 220: Determine the size and position of the electrode;
在步骤220中，本发明实施例的第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B的厚度均为1mm,长度均为15mm，宽度均为10mm。此外，第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B均匀分布在电磁仿真模型中同一横截面，即各电极之间的距离保持一致，其中第一发射电极A位于9点钟方向，第二发射电极B位于12点钟方向，第一接收电极A位于15点钟方向，第二接收电极B位于18点钟方向。可以理解，在本发明其他实施例中，电极的大小和位置还可根据检测需求进行调整。In step 220, the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B of the embodiment of the present invention each have a thickness of 1 mm, a length of 15 mm, and a width of 10 mm. In addition, the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are evenly distributed in the same cross section in the electromagnetic simulation model, that is, the distance between the electrodes remains the same, wherein the first emission The electrode A is located at 9 o'clock, the second emitter electrode B is at 12 o'clock, the first receiving electrode A is at 15 o'clock, and the second receiving electrode B is at 18 o'clock. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments of the invention, the size and location of the electrodes may also be adjusted based on the detection requirements.
步骤230：依次建立第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B的模型；Step 230: sequentially establish models of the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B;
在步骤230中，电极模型建立方式为：首先，以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为51mm和50mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到一个内部中空且厚度为1mm的圆柱体。其次，以原点为中心，建立一个长 度为15mm，宽度为10mm，高度方向沿9点钟方向且高度为52mm的长方体，将所得到的长方体与圆柱体进行布尔运算，获取两者之间的交集，从而得到一个长度为15mm，宽度为10mm，厚度为1mm的第一发射电极A的模型；并重复上述方式，依次建立第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B的模型，具体如图3(a)和图3(b)，图3(a)为电极分布侧视图；图3(b)为电极分布正视图。In step 230, the electrode model is established as follows: First, a cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 51 mm and 50 mm is established with the origin as a center, and the two cylinders are subtracted to obtain an inner hollow and a thickness. It is a 1mm cylinder. Second, build a long distance from the origin. A rectangular parallelepiped having a height of 15 mm, a width of 10 mm, a height direction of 9 o'clock and a height of 52 mm, and a boolean operation of the obtained rectangular parallelepiped and the cylinder to obtain an intersection between the two, thereby obtaining a length of 15 mm and a width. a model of the first emitter electrode A having a thickness of 1 mm and a thickness of 1 mm; and repeating the above manner, the models of the second emitter electrode B, the first receiver electrode A and the second receiver electrode B are sequentially established, as shown in FIG. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), Fig. 3(a) is a side view of the electrode distribution, and Fig. 3(b) is a front view of the electrode distribution.
步骤300：分析各种寄生效应的影响，建立寄生电路模型；Step 300: analyze the effects of various parasitic effects and establish a parasitic circuit model;
在步骤300中，在血脂检测的实际运用中，常常存在各种寄生效应，从而影响血脂的检测精度。寄生效应包括信号源的输入阻抗、接收器的输出阻抗、电极与皮肤表面的接触阻抗、不同电极之间引起的信号耦合、环境中的干扰噪声等，为了使建立的血脂检测模型更加接近真实情况，通过分析各种寄生效应的影响，建立寄生电路模型。具体如图4所示，为本发明实施例的寄生电路模型示意图。建立寄生电路模型具体包括以下步骤：In step 300, in the practical application of blood lipid detection, various parasitic effects often occur, thereby affecting the detection accuracy of blood lipids. Parasitic effects include the input impedance of the signal source, the output impedance of the receiver, the contact impedance between the electrode and the skin surface, the signal coupling between the different electrodes, the interference noise in the environment, etc., in order to make the established lipid detection model closer to the real situation. A parasitic circuit model is established by analyzing the effects of various parasitic effects. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, it is a schematic diagram of a parasitic circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Establishing a parasitic circuit model specifically includes the following steps:
步骤310：根据实验测量结果，确定信号源的输入阻抗大小Rin；Step 310: Determine the input impedance magnitude R in the signal source according to the experimental measurement result;
步骤320：根据实验测量结果，确定接收器的输出阻抗大小Rout；Step 320: Determine the output impedance magnitude Rout of the receiver according to the experimental measurement result;
步骤330：将第一发射电极A与第二发射电极B之间的寄生效应用R1C1串联电路表示，相似的，将第一发射电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R2C2串联电路表示，将第二发射电极B与第一接收电极A之间的寄生效应用R3C3串联电路表示，将第一接收电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R4C4串联电路表示，从而建立寄生电路模型；Step 330: The parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B is represented by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and similarly, the parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used. The R 2 C 2 series circuit indicates that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, and the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B are sent together. Effective application of the R 4 C 4 series circuit representation to establish a parasitic circuit model;
步骤340：由于第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A、第二接收电极B之间为等距离分布在同一平面，因此对寄生电路模型进行简化处理；令R＝R1＝R2＝R3＝R4，C＝C1＝C2＝C3＝C4，其中R值的大小可通过实验确定。 Step 340: Since the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are equidistantly distributed in the same plane, the parasitic circuit model is simplified; let R=R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = R 4 , C = C 1 = C 2 = C 3 = C 4 , where the magnitude of the R value can be determined experimentally.
步骤350：计算C值的大小，C值计算方式如下：Step 350: Calculate the size of the C value, and calculate the C value as follows:
令
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000002
可得make
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000002
Available
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000003
Zout＝2·Z+Zout1           (4)Z out =2·Z+Z out1 (4)
根据U2＝i2·Zout,U0＝i2·Zout1,U1＝i1·(Rin+Zout1),U2＝(i1-i2)·Z，可得According to U 2 =i 2 ·Z out , U 0 =i 2 ·Z out1 , U 1 =i 1 ·(R in +Z out1 ), U2=(i 1 -i 2 )·Z, available
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000004
由于G的值可通过测量U0和U1来确定，因此联合公式(3)、(4)、(5)，即可求得C值的大小。Since the value of G can be determined by measuring U 0 and U 1 , the magnitude of the C value can be obtained by combining equations (3), (4), and (5).
步骤400：将电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立基于场路结合的血脂检测模型；Step 400: Fusion the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination;
在步骤400中，具体如图5所示，为本发明实施例的基于场路结合的血脂检测模型示意图。本发明将所建立的电磁仿真模型与所寄生电路模型相结合，建立基于场路结合的血脂检测模型，其中电磁仿真模型包括待检测部位的表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层等8种不同介质的组织层，以及第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A、第二接收电极B。寄生电路模型包括信号源的输入阻抗Rin，接收器的输出阻抗Rout，串联电路R1C1，R2C2，R3C3，R4C4。通过基于场路结合的血脂检测模型，可以分析在不同血脂浓度下信号响应特性，研究血脂的变化规律以及血脂检测的机理。In step 400, as shown in FIG. 5, it is a schematic diagram of a blood lipid detection model based on field-path combination according to an embodiment of the present invention. The invention combines the established electromagnetic simulation model with the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination, wherein the electromagnetic simulation model includes the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer and the muscle of the to-be-detected part. a layer of 8 different media such as a layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, a blood layer, and a first emitter electrode A, a second emitter electrode B, a first receiving electrode A, and a second receiving electrode B. The parasitic circuit model includes the input impedance R in of the signal source, the output impedance R out of the receiver, and the series circuits R 1 C 1 , R 2 C 2 , R 3 C 3 , R 4 C 4 . Through the blood lipid detection model based on field-circuit combination, the signal response characteristics under different blood lipid concentrations can be analyzed, and the changes of blood lipids and the mechanism of blood lipid detection can be studied.
请参阅图6，是本发明实施例的血脂检测建模装置的结构示意图。本发明实施例的血脂检测建模装置包括第一模型建立模块、电极建立模块、第二模型 建立模块和模型融合模块；第一模型建立模块用于确定血脂待检测部位，根据血脂待检测部位的特性建立电磁场仿真模型；电极建立模块用于在血脂待检测部位的表面建立紧凑型的弧形电极；第二模型建立模块用于分析各种寄生效应的影响，建立寄生电路模型；模型融合模块用于将电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立基于场路结合的血脂检测模型。Please refer to FIG. 6, which is a schematic structural diagram of a blood lipid detecting and modeling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The blood lipid detection modeling apparatus of the embodiment of the invention includes a first model building module, an electrode building module, and a second model Establishing a module and a model fusion module; the first model building module is for determining a blood lipid to be detected, and establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected; the electrode establishing module is for establishing a compact arc on the surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion The second model building module is used to analyze the influence of various parasitic effects and establish a parasitic circuit model; the model fusion module is used to fuse the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field and path combination.
具体地，第一模型建立模块包括检测部位选择单元、组织层划分单元、抽象化处理单元、第一模型建立单元和复介电常数设定单元；Specifically, the first model establishing module includes a detecting part selecting unit, a tissue layer dividing unit, an abstraction processing unit, a first model establishing unit, and a complex dielectric constant setting unit;
检测部位选择单元：用于结合人体解剖学，研究血脂在人体的整体分布情况，选择一个最适合的血脂待检测部位；Detection site selection unit: used to combine human anatomy, study the overall distribution of blood lipids in the human body, and select a most suitable blood lipid to be detected;
组织层划分单元：用于根据人体解剖学和人体组织的分布情况，按不同的组织层特性，将血脂待检测部位划分为由表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层等8种不同介质的组织层；Tissue layer division unit: used to divide the blood lipid to be detected into the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, and the ligament according to the distribution of human anatomy and human tissue according to different tissue layer characteristics. a layer of 8 different media such as layers, bone layers, and blood layers;
抽象化处理单元：用于将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体；在本发明实施例中，本发明实施例将表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层和血液层均抽象为圆柱体，可以理解，在本发明其他实施例中，也可将各组织层抽象为其他几何体形状。An abstraction processing unit: for abstracting the contours of the divided tissue layers into corresponding regular boundary geometries; in the embodiment of the invention, the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, and the muscle The layers, ligament layers, bone layers, and blood layers are each abstracted as a cylinder, it being understood that in other embodiments of the invention, each tissue layer may also be abstracted into other geometric shapes.
第一模型建立单元：用于分别建立各组织层的电磁仿真模型，并将各组织层的电磁仿真模型进行三维重构，建立基于多种介质的电磁仿真模型；其中，各组织层的电磁仿真模型建立方式分别为：The first model establishing unit is configured to respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media; wherein, electromagnetic simulation of each organizational layer The model is established as follows:
1.1、建立厚度为1mm的表皮层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为49mm和50mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到表皮层仿真模型。1.1. Establish a skin layer simulation model with a thickness of 1mm; the specific modeling method is: to establish a cylinder with a length of 500mm and a radius of 49mm and 50mm from the origin, and subtract the two cylinders to obtain Epidermal layer simulation model.
1.2、建立厚度为4mm的真皮层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆 心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为49mm和45mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到真皮层仿真模型。1.2. Establish a simulation model of the dermis layer with a thickness of 4 mm; the specific modeling method is: taking the origin as a circle The heart is made up of a cylinder with a length of 500 mm and a radius of 49 mm and 45 mm respectively. The two cylinders are subtracted to obtain a dermis simulation model.
1.3、建立厚度为3mm的皮下组织层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为45mm和42mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到皮下组织层仿真模型。1.3. Establish a subcutaneous tissue layer simulation model with a thickness of 3mm; the specific modeling method is: to establish a cylinder with a length of 500mm and a radius of 45mm and 42mm from the origin, and subtract the two cylinders. A subcutaneous tissue layer simulation model was obtained.
1.4、建立厚度为10mm的脂肪层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为42mm和32mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到脂肪层仿真模型。1.4. Establish a fat layer simulation model with a thickness of 10mm; the specific modeling method is as follows: the cylinder with the length of 500mm and the radius of 42mm and 32mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. Fat layer simulation model.
1.5、建立厚度为25mm的肌肉层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为32mm和7mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到肌肉层仿真模型。1.5. Establish a muscle layer simulation model with a thickness of 25mm; the specific modeling method is as follows: the cylinder with the length of 500mm and the radius of 32mm and 7mm is established with the origin as the center, and the two cylinders are subtracted. Muscle layer simulation model.
1.6、建立厚度为1mm的韧带层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为7mm和6mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到韧带层仿真模型。1.6. Establish a ligament layer simulation model with a thickness of 1mm; the specific modeling method is: to establish a cylinder with a length of 500mm and a radius of 7mm and 6mm from the origin, and subtract the two cylinders to obtain Ligament layer simulation model.
1.7、建立半径为6mm的骨骼层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为6mm的圆柱体。1.7. Establish a bone layer simulation model with a radius of 6 mm; the specific modeling method is: a cylinder with a length of 500 mm and a radius of 6 mm is established with the origin as the center.
1.8、建立血液层仿真模型；具体建模方式为：在肌肉层仿真模型的上半部与下半部，分别建立一个长度为500mm，半径为3.5mm的圆柱体。1.8. Establish a blood layer simulation model; the specific modeling method is: in the upper half and the lower half of the muscle layer simulation model, a cylinder with a length of 500 mm and a radius of 3.5 mm is respectively established.
复介电常数设定单元：用于设定各组织层的复介电常数；在本发明实施例中，各组织层的复介电常数设定方式具体为：对于表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层和骨骼层，其复介电常数采用四阶cole-cole模型表示。对于血液层，由于血脂存在于血液中，血脂浓度的变化会引起血液的复介电常数的变化。因此，在采用cole-cole模型表示血液层时，需在cole-cole 模型中加入血脂浓度参数。对于血液层的复介电常数设定过程如下：Complex dielectric constant setting unit: used to set the complex dielectric constant of each tissue layer; in the embodiment of the present invention, the complex dielectric constant setting manner of each tissue layer is specifically: for the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, and the subcutaneous layer The complex dielectric constants of the tissue layer, fat layer, muscle layer, ligament layer and bone layer are represented by a fourth-order cole-cole model. For the blood layer, since blood lipids are present in the blood, changes in blood lipid concentrations cause changes in the complex permittivity of the blood. Therefore, when using the cole-cole model to represent the blood layer, you need to be in cole-cole Blood lipid concentration parameters were added to the model. The process for setting the complex permittivity of the blood layer is as follows:
2.1、采集多个志愿者的血液样本，通过在血液样本中添加不同浓度的血脂模拟材料(如磷脂等)，并利用网络分析仪和介电探头获取不同血脂浓度时血液所对应的复介电常数，并将所测量的复介电常数导入matlab软件；2.1. Collect blood samples from multiple volunteers by adding different concentrations of blood lipid simulation materials (such as phospholipids) to the blood samples, and using network analyzers and dielectric probes to obtain complex dielectrics corresponding to blood at different blood lipid concentrations. Constant, and the measured complex permittivity is imported into matlab software;
2.2、确定血液层的一阶cole-cole模型,如公式(2)所示：2.2. Determine the first-order cole-cole model of the blood layer, as shown in equation (2):
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000005
在公式(2)中，ε∞(ρ)＝A1p2+B1p+C1，Δε1(ρ)＝A2p2+B2p+C2，τ1(ρ)＝A3p2+B3p+C3，σ(ρ)＝A4p2+B4p+C4，ρ为血脂的浓度，A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,B3,B4,C1,C2,C3,C4为血脂浓度的拟合参数。In the formula (2), ε ∞ (ρ) = A 1 p 2 + B 1 p + C 1 , Δε 1 (ρ) = A 2 p 2 + B 2 p + C 2 , τ 1 (ρ) = A 3 p 2 +B 3 p+C 3 , σ(ρ)=A 4 p 2 +B 4 p+C 4 , ρ is the concentration of blood lipids, A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are fitting parameters of blood lipid concentration.
2.3、在matlab软件中，利用粒子群优化算法对血脂浓度的12个拟合参数A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,B3,B4,C1,C2,C3,C4进行计算和优化，确定12个拟合参数的大小；2.3. In matlab software, 12 fitting parameters A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , C 1 , C 2 of blood lipid concentration by particle swarm optimization algorithm. , C 3 , C 4 are calculated and optimized to determine the size of 12 fitting parameters;
2.4、将12个拟合参数分别代入公式(2)，模拟出不同血脂浓度所对应的血液的复介电常数。2.4. Substituting 12 fitting parameters into formula (2) respectively, simulating the complex permittivity of blood corresponding to different blood lipid concentrations.
电极建立模块包括电极结构确定单元、电极位置确定单元和电极模型建立单元；The electrode establishing module includes an electrode structure determining unit, an electrode position determining unit, and an electrode model establishing unit;
电极结构确定单元：用于确定电极的结构；其中，在血脂检测模型中，除了建立待检测部位的电磁仿真模型外，还需建立收发器的仿真模型，用于实现信号的发送与接收。在本发明实施例中，收发器的仿真模型主要包括第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B四个电极。这四个电极的形状均为弧形电极，从而有利于与电磁仿真模型中的表皮层紧密接触，使信号更容易耦合入检测部位内部中。The electrode structure determining unit is configured to determine the structure of the electrode; wherein, in the blood lipid detecting model, in addition to establishing an electromagnetic simulation model of the portion to be detected, a simulation model of the transceiver is needed to implement signal transmission and reception. In the embodiment of the present invention, the simulation model of the transceiver mainly includes four electrodes: a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A, and a second receiving electrode B. The four electrodes are all in the shape of curved electrodes, which facilitates close contact with the skin layer in the electromagnetic simulation model, making the signal easier to couple into the interior of the detection site.
电极位置确定单元：用于确定电极的大小和位置；其中，本发明实施例的 第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B的厚度均为1mm，长度均为15mm，宽度均为10mm。此外，第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B均匀分布在电磁仿真模型中同一横截面，即各电极之间的距离保持一致，其中第一发射电极A位于9点钟方向，第二发射电极B位于12点钟方向，第一接收电极A位于15点钟方向，第二接收电极B位于18点钟方向。可以理解，在本发明其他实施例中，电极的大小和位置还可根据检测需求进行调整。An electrode position determining unit: configured to determine a size and a position of the electrode; wherein, in the embodiment of the present invention The first emitter electrode A, the second emitter electrode B, the first receiver electrode A, and the second receiver electrode B each have a thickness of 1 mm, a length of 15 mm, and a width of 10 mm. In addition, the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are evenly distributed in the same cross section in the electromagnetic simulation model, that is, the distance between the electrodes remains the same, wherein the first emission The electrode A is located at 9 o'clock, the second emitter electrode B is at 12 o'clock, the first receiving electrode A is at 15 o'clock, and the second receiving electrode B is at 18 o'clock. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments of the invention, the size and location of the electrodes may also be adjusted based on the detection requirements.
电极模型建立单元：用于依次建立第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B的模型；其中，电极模型建立方式为：首先，以原点为圆心，建立长度为500mm，半径分别为51mm和50mm的圆柱体，将这两个圆柱体进行相减运算，得到一个内部中空且厚度为1mm的圆柱体。其次，以原点为中心，建立一个长度为15mm，宽度为10mm，高度方向沿9点钟方向且高度为52mm的长方体，将所得到的长方体与圆柱体进行布尔运算，获取两者之间的交集，从而得到一个长度为15mm，宽度为10mm，厚度为1mm的第一发射电极A的模型；并重复上述方式，依次建立第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B的模型，具体如图3(a)和图3(b)，图3(a)为电极分布侧视图；图3(b)为电极分布正视图。An electrode model establishing unit: a model for sequentially establishing the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B; wherein the electrode model is established by: first, taking the origin as a center, A cylinder having a length of 500 mm and a radius of 51 mm and 50 mm was established, and the two cylinders were subtracted to obtain a cylinder having an inner hollow and a thickness of 1 mm. Secondly, a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 15mm, a width of 10mm, a height direction of 9 o'clock and a height of 52mm is established centering on the origin, and the obtained cuboid and cylinder are Boolean operations to obtain the intersection between the two. , thereby obtaining a model of the first emitter electrode A having a length of 15 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm; and repeating the above manner, sequentially establishing models of the second emitter electrode B, the first receiver electrode A, and the second receiver electrode B Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b), FIG. 3(a) is a side view of the electrode distribution; and FIG. 3(b) is a front view of the electrode distribution.
第二模型建立模块包括信号源选择单元、接收器选择单元、第二模型建立单元和模型简化单元；The second model building module includes a signal source selecting unit, a receiver selecting unit, a second model establishing unit, and a model simplifying unit;
信号源选择单元：用于根据实验测量结果，确定信号源的输入阻抗大小Rin；Signal source selection unit: for determining the input impedance magnitude R in of the signal source according to the experimental measurement result;
接收器选择单元：用于根据实验测量结果，确定接收器的输出阻抗大小Rout； Receiver selection unit: for determining the output impedance magnitude R out of the receiver according to the experimental measurement result;
第二模型建立单元：用于将第一发射电极A与第二发射电极B之间的寄生效应用R1C1串联电路表示，相似的，将第一发射电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R2C2串联电路表示，将第二发射电极B与第一接收电极A之间的寄生效应用R3C3串联电路表示，将第一接收电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R4C4串联电路表示，从而建立寄生电路模型；a second model establishing unit: for expressing a parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, similarly, the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B The parasitic effect between the two is represented by a R 2 C 2 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, and the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode are The parasitic effect between B is represented by a R 4 C 4 series circuit, thereby establishing a parasitic circuit model;
模型简化单元：由于第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A、第二接收电极B之间为等距离分布在同一平面，因此对寄生电路模型进行简化处理；令R＝R1＝R2＝R3＝R4，C＝C1＝C2＝C3＝C4，其中R值的大小可通过实验确定。C值计算方式如下：Model simplification unit: Since the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B are equidistantly distributed in the same plane, the parasitic circuit model is simplified; R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = R 4 , C = C 1 = C 2 = C 3 = C 4 , wherein the magnitude of the R value can be determined experimentally. The C value is calculated as follows:
令
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000006
可得make
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000006
Available
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000007
Zout＝2·Z+Zout1           (4)Z out =2·Z+Z out1 (4)
根据U2＝i2·Zout,U0＝i2·Zout1,U1＝i1·(Rin+Zout1),U2＝(i1-i2)·Z，可得According to U 2 =i 2 ·Z out , U 0 =i 2 ·Z out1 , U 1 =i 1 ·(R in +Z out1 ), U2=(i 1 -i 2 )·Z, available
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2016103029-appb-000008
由于G的值可通过测量U0和U1来确定，因此联合公式(3)、(4)、(5)，即可求得C值的大小。Since the value of G can be determined by measuring U 0 and U 1 , the magnitude of the C value can be obtained by combining equations (3), (4), and (5).
本发明实施例的血脂检测建模方法及装置根据血脂待检测部位的特性对其进行抽象化建模，从而建立血脂待检测部位的电磁场仿真模型。同时，考虑到环境中各种寄生效应的影响，建立寄生电路模型；并将电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立基于场路结合的血脂检测模型，可以分析在不同血脂浓度下信号响应特性，最大限度保持了与真实待检测部位的一致性，并为研 究血脂与电磁波的相互作用机理以及无创血脂检测技术提供了一种新的思路；同时，本发明还具有成本低、可重复性好、仿真精度高、运用范围广等优点。The blood lipid detection modeling method and device according to the embodiment of the present invention abstracts and models the blood lipid to be detected, thereby establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model of the blood lipid to be detected. At the same time, considering the influence of various parasitic effects in the environment, a parasitic circuit model is established. The electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model are merged to establish a blood lipid detection model based on field combination, which can analyze the signal response characteristics under different blood lipid concentrations. , to maintain the consistency with the real part to be tested, and to study The interaction mechanism between blood lipid and electromagnetic wave and non-invasive blood lipid detection technology provide a new idea. At the same time, the invention has the advantages of low cost, good repeatability, high simulation precision and wide application range.
虽然本发明参照当前的较佳实施方式进行了描述，但本领域的技术人员应能理解，上述较佳实施方式仅用来说明本发明，并非用来限定本发明的保护范围，任何在本发明的精神和原则范围之内，所做的任何修饰、等效替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利保护范围之内。 While the invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种血脂检测建模方法，其特征在于，包括：A blood lipid detection modeling method, comprising:
    步骤a：根据血脂待检测部位的特性建立电磁场仿真模型；Step a: establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model according to the characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
    步骤b：分析环境中的寄生效应，建立寄生电路模型；Step b: analyzing parasitic effects in the environment and establishing a parasitic circuit model;
    步骤c：将所述电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立血脂检测模型。Step c: merging the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的血脂检测建模方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤a中，所述建立电磁场仿真模型具体包括：The blood lipid detection modeling method according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the establishing an electromagnetic field simulation model specifically comprises:
    步骤a1：将血脂待检测部位划分为由不同介质组成的组织层；Step a1: dividing the blood lipid to be detected into a tissue layer composed of different media;
    步骤a2：将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体；Step a2: abstracting the outline of each divided tissue layer into a corresponding regular boundary geometry;
    步骤a3：分别建立各组织层的电磁仿真模型，并将各组织层的电磁仿真模型进行三维重构，建立基于多种介质的电磁仿真模型；Step a3: respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
    步骤a4：设定各组织层的复介电常数。Step a4: Set the complex permittivity of each tissue layer.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的血脂检测建模方法，其特征在于，所述步骤a还包括：在所述血脂待检测部位的表面建立紧凑型的弧形电极；所述弧形电极包括第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B，所属第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B均匀分布在所述电磁仿真模型的同一横截面。The blood lipid detecting modeling method according to claim 2, wherein the step a further comprises: establishing a compact curved electrode on a surface of the blood lipid to be detected portion; the curved electrode including the first emission The electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A, and the second receiving electrode B, the associated first transmitting electrode A, second transmitting electrode B, first receiving electrode A, and second receiving electrode B are uniformly distributed in said The same cross section of the electromagnetic simulation model.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的血脂检测建模方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤b中，所述寄生电路模型建立方式包括：The blood lipid detection modeling method according to claim 3, wherein in the step b, the parasitic circuit model establishment manner comprises:
    步骤b1：确定信号源的输入阻抗大小Rin；Step b1: determining the input impedance magnitude of the signal source R in ;
    步骤b2：确定接收器的输出阻抗大小Rout； Step b2: determining the output impedance magnitude R out of the receiver;
    步骤b3：将第一发射电极A与第二发射电极B之间的寄生效应用R1C1串联电路表示，将第一发射电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R2C2串联电路表示，将第二发射电极B与第一接收电极A之间的寄生效应用R3C3串联电路表示，将第一接收电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R4C4串联电路表示，从而建立寄生电路模型；Step b3: The parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B is represented by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used by R 2 C 2 series circuit means that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, and the parasitic effect between the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is used by R 4 C 4 series circuit representation to establish a parasitic circuit model;
    步骤b4：对所述寄生电路模型进行简化处理。Step b4: Simplify the parasitic circuit model.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的血脂检测建模方法，其特征在于，所述组织层包括表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层；所述将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体具体为：将表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层和血液层均抽象为圆柱体。The method for modeling blood lipid detection according to claim 2, wherein the tissue layer comprises a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, and a blood layer; The contours of the divided tissue layers are abstracted into corresponding regular boundary geometry. The skin layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer and the blood layer are all abstracted into a cylinder.
  6. 一种血脂检测建模装置，其特征在于，包括：A blood lipid detection modeling device, comprising:
    第一模型建立模块：用于根据血脂待检测部位的特性建立电磁场仿真模型；The first model establishing module is configured to establish an electromagnetic field simulation model according to characteristics of the blood lipid to be detected;
    第二模型建立模块：用于分析环境中的寄生效应，建立寄生电路模型；a second model building module: for analyzing parasitic effects in the environment and establishing a parasitic circuit model;
    模型融合模块：用于将所述电磁场仿真模型和寄生电路模型进行融合，建立血脂检测模型。Model fusion module: used to fuse the electromagnetic field simulation model and the parasitic circuit model to establish a blood lipid detection model.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的血脂检测建模装置，其特征在于，所述第一模型建立模块包括：The blood lipid detection modeling apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first model building module comprises:
    组织层划分单元：用于将血脂待检测部位划分为由不同介质组成的组织层；Tissue layer dividing unit: used to divide a blood lipid to be detected into a tissue layer composed of different media;
    抽象化处理单元：用于将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体；Abstraction processing unit: used to abstract the contours of the divided tissue layers into corresponding regular boundary geometry;
    第一模型建立单元：用于分别建立各组织层的电磁仿真模型，并将各组织层的电磁仿真模型进行三维重构，建立基于多种介质的电磁仿真模型； The first model establishing unit is configured to respectively establish electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction of electromagnetic simulation models of each organizational layer to establish an electromagnetic simulation model based on multiple media;
    复介电常数设定单元：用于设定各组织层的复介电常数。Complex dielectric constant setting unit: used to set the complex permittivity of each tissue layer.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的血脂检测建模装置，其特征在于，还包括电极建立模块，所述电极建立模块用于在所述血脂待检测部位的表面建立紧凑型的弧形电极；所述弧形电极包括第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B，所属第一发射电极A、第二发射电极B、第一接收电极A和第二接收电极B均匀分布在所述电磁仿真模型的同一横截面。The blood lipid detecting and modeling apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising an electrode establishing module, wherein said electrode establishing module is configured to establish a compact arc electrode on a surface of said blood lipid to be detected portion; said arc The shaped electrode includes a first transmitting electrode A, a second transmitting electrode B, a first receiving electrode A and a second receiving electrode B, and belongs to the first transmitting electrode A, the second transmitting electrode B, the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B is evenly distributed in the same cross section of the electromagnetic simulation model.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的血脂检测建模装置，其特征在于，所述第二模型建立模块包括：The blood lipid detection modeling apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second model building module comprises:
    信号源选择单元：用于确定信号源的输入阻抗大小Rin；Signal source selection unit: used to determine the input impedance magnitude R in of the signal source;
    接收器选择单元：用于确定接收器的输出阻抗大小Rout；Receiver selection unit: for determining the output impedance magnitude Rout of the receiver;
    第二模型建立单元：用于将第一发射电极A与第二发射电极B之间的寄生效应用R1C1串联电路表示，将第一发射电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R2C2串联电路表示，将第二发射电极B与第一接收电极A之间的寄生效应用R3C3串联电路表示，将第一接收电极A与第二接收电极B之间的寄生效应用R4C4串联电路表示，从而建立寄生电路模型；a second model establishing unit: for expressing a parasitic effect between the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B by a R 1 C 1 series circuit, and transmitting between the first transmitting electrode A and the second receiving electrode B The effective application R 2 C 2 series circuit indicates that the parasitic effect between the second transmitting electrode B and the first receiving electrode A is represented by a R 3 C 3 series circuit, between the first receiving electrode A and the second receiving electrode B The parasitic effect is represented by a R 4 C 4 series circuit to establish a parasitic circuit model;
    模型简化单元：用于对所述寄生电路模型进行简化处理。Model simplification unit: used to simplify the parasitic circuit model.
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的血脂检测建模装置，其特征在于，所述组织层包括表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层、血液层；所述抽象化处理单元将划分的各组织层的外形轮廓抽象成相应的规则边界几何体具体为：将表皮层、真皮层、皮下组织层、脂肪层、肌肉层、韧带层、骨骼层和血液层均抽象为圆柱体。 The blood lipid detecting and modeling apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tissue layer comprises a skin layer, a dermis layer, a subcutaneous tissue layer, a fat layer, a muscle layer, a ligament layer, a bone layer, and a blood layer; The processing unit abstracts the contours of the divided tissue layers into corresponding regular boundary geometries, which are: abstracting the epidermis layer, the dermis layer, the subcutaneous tissue layer, the fat layer, the muscle layer, the ligament layer, the bone layer and the blood layer into Cylinder.
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