WO2018053958A1 - Low frequency random vibration-oriented electromagnetic energy harvester - Google Patents

Low frequency random vibration-oriented electromagnetic energy harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018053958A1
WO2018053958A1 PCT/CN2016/111097 CN2016111097W WO2018053958A1 WO 2018053958 A1 WO2018053958 A1 WO 2018053958A1 CN 2016111097 W CN2016111097 W CN 2016111097W WO 2018053958 A1 WO2018053958 A1 WO 2018053958A1
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magnet
rotor magnet
electromagnetic
stator
electromagnetic coil
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PCT/CN2016/111097
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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刘会聪
陈涛
孙立宁
林佳宏
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苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院
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Publication of WO2018053958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018053958A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power collector design, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic energy collector facing low frequency random vibration.
  • Wireless sensor network technology has been widely used in military, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring and other aspects.
  • the complexity of the sensor node deployment environment and the particularity of the actual application requirements determine that the node power supply cannot be powered by the normal power system.
  • the battery-powered method has the problems of high cost, short life, and troublesome replacement.
  • the natural environment has a variety of rich energy sources.
  • Energy harvesting technology is a technology that converts energy from the external environment into electrical energy, and is a potential way to solve the power supply problem of wireless sensor nodes. Collecting environmental kinetic energy and transforming it into electrical energy, it has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly, and having a wide range of sources and long-term work.
  • the current resonant vibration energy collector generally has a high operating frequency (greater than 10 Hz) and often has a narrow operating band. And a single vibration direction, poor environmental adaptability.
  • the device has low power output in a low frequency vibration environment of less than 10 Hz. Therefore, the common problem is that the applicable vibration range is narrow and the output power density is low, and it is difficult to meet the self-power supply requirement of the wireless sensor node.
  • the invention aims at designing an electromagnetic rotary energy collector, introducing a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and using a magnet between the magnets for the low frequency and frequency bandwidth of the vibration source in the environment, and the randomness of the vibration amplitude, frequency and direction.
  • Mutually attractive the rotating structure of the rotor magnet around the stator magnet is realized, thereby realizing rapid relative movement between the magnet and the coil, thereby achieving efficient energy collection.
  • the device has simple structure and high energy conversion efficiency, and can be applied to energy collection of a plurality of complex random vibration environments.
  • the present invention provides an electromagnetic energy harvester for low-frequency random vibration.
  • a stator magnet and a rotor magnet By introducing a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, the mutual attraction between the magnets is utilized to realize the rotation structure of the rotor magnet around the stator magnet, thereby realizing the magnet. Rapid relative motion with the coil for efficient energy harvesting, suitable for energy harvesting in a variety of complex random vibration environments.
  • An electromagnetic energy harvester for low frequency random vibration is proposed according to the object of the present invention for converting vibration energy into electrical energy
  • the vibration energy collector comprises a fixed set of sub-magnets distributed on the outer circumference of the stator magnet.
  • At least one electromagnetic coil, a rotor magnet is further adsorbed in a circumferential direction of the stator magnet, and the electromagnetic coil and the moving plane of the rotor magnet are arranged up and down, and a relative movement between the rotor magnet and the electromagnetic coil occurs when the rotor magnet rotates around the stator magnet;
  • the rotor magnet can be circumferentially moved or reciprocated around the stator magnet under external excitation, and the rotor magnet rotates relative to the electromagnetic coil, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby generating electric energy output.
  • stator magnet and the rotor magnet are both a disc-shaped structure or a cylindrical structure, and the stator magnet is fixedly disposed, and the rotor magnet is adsorbed on an edge of the stator magnet, and is externally arranged and wound around the stator magnet.
  • the stator magnets make a circular motion or a reciprocating motion.
  • the electromagnetic coil is a ring uniformly disposed in the circumferential direction centering on the stator magnet.
  • the electromagnetic coil is provided in a spiral winding.
  • the electromagnetic coil is disposed above and/or below the plane of motion of the rotor magnet, and the rotor magnet rotates one-to-one with the electromagnetic coils one-to-one, and a relative motion occurs between the electromagnetic coils, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes.
  • the electromotive force is induced to generate an electrical energy output.
  • the energy harvester further includes a base, and the stator magnet, the rotor magnet and the electromagnetic coil are both disposed on the base.
  • a groove is formed on one side of the base, and at least the stator magnet and the rotor magnet are disposed in the groove.
  • a top cover is disposed on the top of the recess, the cover is attached to the base, the inner wall of the recess is for defining radial movement of the rotor magnet, and the cover is for defining an axial direction of the rotor magnet motion.
  • the vibration energy collector when the external excitation is in the vertical direction, the vibration energy collector is vertically disposed.
  • the vibration energy collector when the external excitation is in the horizontal direction, the vibration energy collector is horizontally disposed, and when the external excitation is in a plurality of directions, the vibration energy collector is inclined.
  • the advantages of the electromagnetic energy collector for low frequency random vibration disclosed by the present invention are:
  • the electromagnetic vibration energy collector introduces a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and the mutual attraction of the magnets causes the rotor magnet to rotate around the stator magnet under the external low-frequency random excitation, and simultaneously with the circumferentially distributed electromagnetic coil. Movement, which produces electrical energy output, enables efficient energy harvesting and is suitable for energy harvesting in a variety of complex random vibration environments.
  • the collector does not require springs, bearings and other additional auxiliary vibrations, rotating structures to achieve the relative movement of the rotor magnets and the coils.
  • the mutual attraction between the magnets is not only simple in structure, but also has small frictional resistance, so that it is very easy to be excited by small disturbances. Realize reciprocating and rotating motion.
  • the collector has a strong vibration environment and a wide range of applications. It can be applied not only to energy collection in more complex vibration conditions, but also to random kinetic energy collection in the human body and ocean wave energy collection. These environmental kinetic energy characteristics are characterized by low vibration frequency, large amplitude of vibration, randomness of frequency and direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester disclosed by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the collectors in different excitation directions.
  • the current resonant vibration energy collector generally has a high operating frequency (greater than 10 Hz), and often It has a narrow working frequency band and a single vibration direction, and has poor environmental adaptability.
  • the device has low power output in a low frequency vibration environment of less than 10 Hz. Therefore, the common problem is that the applicable vibration range is narrow and the output power density is low, and it is difficult to meet the self-power supply requirement of the wireless sensor node.
  • the present invention provides an electromagnetic energy harvester for low-frequency random vibrations by introducing a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and utilizing the mutual attraction between the magnets to realize a rotating structure of the rotor magnet around the stator magnet.
  • high-efficiency energy collection can be realized, which can be applied to energy collection in a variety of complex random vibration environments.
  • an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy.
  • the energy collector includes a fixed set of sub-magnets 3, which are arranged in the circumferential direction centering on the stator magnets 3.
  • At least one electromagnetic coil 2 a rotor magnet 4 is also adsorbed in the circumferential direction of the stator magnet 3, and the electromagnetic coil and the rotor magnet are arranged up and down in the axial direction of the stator magnet.
  • the number of electromagnetic coils can be adjusted according to the size of the collector. Since the rotor magnet is a mode of rotation around the stator magnet, the electromagnetic coil is usually selected to be uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction around the stator magnet.
  • the rotor magnet can make a circular motion or a reciprocating motion around the stator magnet, and the rotor magnet rotates relative to the electromagnetic coil, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby generating electric energy output.
  • the rotor magnet in the embodiment is one that is adsorbed in the circumferential direction of the stator magnet.
  • a plurality of rotor magnets may be disposed in the circumferential direction of the stator magnet to ensure that the rotor magnets do not interfere with each other, and the specific number is not limit.
  • the stator magnet 3 and the rotor magnet 4 are both disk-shaped structures having a certain thickness.
  • the thickness of the magnet it is convenient to realize the tangent adsorption of the outside of the two magnets. Since the magnet has a circular structure, the two magnets The contact is the line contact adsorption, so the suction force is small, and the slight disturbance on the outside can drive the rotor magnet to be close to the edge of the stator magnet for reciprocating or circular motion, the reaction is sensitive, the operation is convenient, and the power output efficiency is high.
  • the moving friction between the two is rolling friction, the friction is small, and the frictional resistance during rotation is much smaller than that of other gap-coordinated rotating structures, such as bearings.
  • the two magnets may be formed into a cylindrical structure having a certain thickness, and the stator magnets are fixedly disposed, and the rotor magnets are attracted to the edges of the stator magnets and are externally cut from the stator magnets.
  • the specific structural form and thickness are not limited.
  • the cross section of the stator magnet may be a circular or elliptical shape, and the rotor magnet is in the form of a rotation around the stator magnet.
  • the electromagnetic coil may be arranged according to the movement track of the rotor magnet, so whether it is a circumferential arrangement It is related to the structural form of the stator magnet and the trajectory of the rotor magnet, and is not limited in detail.
  • the electromagnetic coil is provided in a spiral winding, and the circular electromagnetic coil is formed by the winding method, and the plurality of electromagnetic coils are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction around the stator magnet.
  • the winding form and final shape of the coil are based on the ability to generate a high electromotive force between the rotor magnets, and are not specifically limited.
  • the electromagnetic coil can be placed above or below the plane of motion of the rotor magnet, or both above and below, depending on the needs.
  • the rotor magnet rotates one-to-one with the respective electromagnetic coils to generate a relative motion, thereby generating an induced electromotive force output electric energy.
  • the energy harvester further includes a base 1 on which the stator magnet 3, the rotor magnet 4 and the electromagnetic coil 2 are both disposed.
  • the above components are fixed by the base 1.
  • the rotor magnet can be directly placed on the base and adsorbed and positioned by the stator magnet, and then the corresponding rotary motion is generated according to the external excitation change.
  • a groove 6 is formed on one side of the base 1, and at least the stator magnet 3 and the rotor magnet 4 are disposed in the groove.
  • the action of the groove can also limit the operation of the rotor magnet to prevent the rotor magnet from generating centrifugal force and separating and flying out of the stator magnet under the condition of large rotation speed.
  • the gap between the rotor magnet and the inner wall of the groove is set to facilitate the normal operation of the rotor magnet.
  • a cover plate 5 is disposed on the top of the groove, and the cover plate 5 is attached to the base 1 for covering Hold the groove and limit the stator magnet, rotor magnet and solenoid to the inside of the groove.
  • the cover plate is used to define the axial movement of the rotor magnet to prevent the rotor magnet from flying out due to excessive rotational speed or being fixed to the stator magnet in an out-of-plane manner.
  • the cover plate is convenient to be disassembled, and the maintenance and maintenance of the internal structure of the vibration energy collector is facilitated, and the normal use of the device is facilitated.
  • the collectors are placed in different directions in different excitation directions.
  • the energy collector When the external excitation is in the vertical direction, the energy collector is vertically arranged, and when the external excitation is in the horizontal direction, energy collection is performed.
  • the device is horizontally arranged, and the energy collector is tilted when the external excitation is in multiple directions.
  • the specific setting method of the collector is as needed, and there is no limitation here.
  • the rotor magnet 4 When the device is externally excited, the rotor magnet 4 can make a rapid circular motion in the plane around the stator magnet 3. According to the Faraday electromagnetic induction principle, the rotor magnet rotates relative to the fixed electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic flux inside the electromagnetic coil occurs. The change produces an induced electromotive force.
  • the device can be applied not only to the energy collection of more complex vibration conditions, but also to the collection of random kinetic energy of the human body and the collection of ocean wave energy. High-efficiency energy harvesting can be achieved with this rotating device in different excitation modes, such as random vibrations in vertical, horizontal or arbitrary directions.
  • the invention discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, which introduces a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and uses a mutual attraction between the magnets to rotate the rotor magnet around the stator magnet under random excitation of low frequency outside. Rotation, while moving relative to the circumferentially distributed electromagnetic coil, resulting in electrical energy output, achieving efficient energy harvesting, can be applied to a variety of complex random vibration environment energy harvesting.
  • the collector does not require springs, bearings and other additional auxiliary vibrations, rotating structures to achieve the relative movement of the rotor magnet and the coil, and the mutual attraction between the magnets is not only simple in structure, but also has small frictional resistance, so that it is very easy to realize under small disturbance excitation. Reciprocating and rotating motion.
  • the collector has a strong vibration environment and a wide range of applications. It can be applied not only to energy collection in more complex vibration conditions, but also to random kinetic energy collection in the human body and ocean wave energy collection. These environmental kinetic energy is characterized by low vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, frequency and direction. Sexual characteristics.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A low frequency random vibration-oriented electromagnetic energy harvester comprises a stator magnet (3) and a rotor magnet (4). Taking advantage of mutual attraction between magnets and in case of the low frequency random vibration in the external environment, the rotor magnet produces a relative motion with electromagnetic coils (2) distributed circumferentially while rotating about the stator magnet, thereby generating electrical energy output, and achieving high efficiency energy harvesting. The electromagnetic energy harvester is applicable to energy harvesting in a variety of complex random vibration environments, and has a low operating frequency, a wide frequency band, and a wide usage range.

Description

一种面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器Electromagnetic energy harvester for low frequency random vibration
本申请要求于2016年9月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610834575.2、发明名称为“一种电磁式振动能量收集器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201610834575.2, filed on Sep. 20, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. in.
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于电能收集器设计技术领域，具体涉及一种面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器。The invention belongs to the technical field of power collector design, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic energy collector facing low frequency random vibration.
背景技术Background technique
无线传感网络技术在军事、智能交通、环境监测等方面得到了广泛的应用。传感器节点部署环境的复杂性和实际应用要求的特殊性，决定了节点电源不能利用正常的电力***进行供电，采用电池供电的方式又存在着成本高、寿命短、更换麻烦等问题。Wireless sensor network technology has been widely used in military, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring and other aspects. The complexity of the sensor node deployment environment and the particularity of the actual application requirements determine that the node power supply cannot be powered by the normal power system. The battery-powered method has the problems of high cost, short life, and troublesome replacement.
自然环境中具有各种丰富的能源，能量收集技术是一种从外部环境中获取能量转化为电能的技术，是解决无线传感节点供电问题的潜在方式。收集环境动能并转化成电能，具有绿色环保、来源广泛、能够长期工作的优势。然而由于环境中的振动源普遍频率低且频带宽，振动幅值、频率和方向的随机性大，当前谐振式振动能量收集器普遍工作频率高(大于10Hz)，且往往具有较窄的工作频带和单一振动方向，环境适应性差。装置在小于10Hz的低频振动环境下电量输出低，因此普遍存在的问题是适用振动范围窄、输出功率密度低，难以满足无线传感节点的自供电需求。The natural environment has a variety of rich energy sources. Energy harvesting technology is a technology that converts energy from the external environment into electrical energy, and is a potential way to solve the power supply problem of wireless sensor nodes. Collecting environmental kinetic energy and transforming it into electrical energy, it has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly, and having a wide range of sources and long-term work. However, due to the low frequency and frequency bandwidth of vibration sources in the environment, the randomness of vibration amplitude, frequency and direction is large. The current resonant vibration energy collector generally has a high operating frequency (greater than 10 Hz) and often has a narrow operating band. And a single vibration direction, poor environmental adaptability. The device has low power output in a low frequency vibration environment of less than 10 Hz. Therefore, the common problem is that the applicable vibration range is narrow and the output power density is low, and it is difficult to meet the self-power supply requirement of the wireless sensor node.
本发明针对环境中的振动源频率低且频带宽，振动幅值、频率和方向的随机性大的特点，设计一种电磁式的旋转能量收集器，引入定子磁铁和转子磁铁，利用磁铁间的相互吸引力，实现转子磁铁绕定子磁铁的旋转结构，从而实现磁铁与线圈之间快速的相对运动，实现高效能量收集。本装置结构简单、能量转换效率高，可适用于多种复杂随机振动环境能量收集。The invention aims at designing an electromagnetic rotary energy collector, introducing a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and using a magnet between the magnets for the low frequency and frequency bandwidth of the vibration source in the environment, and the randomness of the vibration amplitude, frequency and direction. Mutually attractive, the rotating structure of the rotor magnet around the stator magnet is realized, thereby realizing rapid relative movement between the magnet and the coil, thereby achieving efficient energy collection. The device has simple structure and high energy conversion efficiency, and can be applied to energy collection of a plurality of complex random vibration environments.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器，通过引入定子磁铁和转子磁铁，利用磁铁间的相互吸引力，实现转子磁铁绕定子磁铁的旋转结构，从而实现磁铁与线圈之间快速的相对运动，实现高效能量收集，可适用于多种复杂随机振动环境能量收集。In view of the above, the present invention provides an electromagnetic energy harvester for low-frequency random vibration. By introducing a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, the mutual attraction between the magnets is utilized to realize the rotation structure of the rotor magnet around the stator magnet, thereby realizing the magnet. Rapid relative motion with the coil for efficient energy harvesting, suitable for energy harvesting in a variety of complex random vibration environments.
根据本发明的目的提出的一种面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器，用以将振动能转换为电能，所述振动能量收集器包括固定设置的一定子磁铁，分布于定子磁铁外圈的至少一电磁线圈，所述定子磁铁的周向上还吸附有一转子磁铁，所述电磁线圈与所述转子磁铁运动平面间为上下设置，转子磁铁在绕定子磁铁旋转时与电磁线圈间发生相对运动；An electromagnetic energy harvester for low frequency random vibration is proposed according to the object of the present invention for converting vibration energy into electrical energy, and the vibration energy collector comprises a fixed set of sub-magnets distributed on the outer circumference of the stator magnet. At least one electromagnetic coil, a rotor magnet is further adsorbed in a circumferential direction of the stator magnet, and the electromagnetic coil and the moving plane of the rotor magnet are arranged up and down, and a relative movement between the rotor magnet and the electromagnetic coil occurs when the rotor magnet rotates around the stator magnet;
转子磁铁能够在外部激振下绕所述定子磁铁做周向运动或往复运动，转子磁铁旋转与电磁线圈间发生相对运动，电磁线圈的内部磁通量发生变化产生感应电动势，从而产生电能输出。The rotor magnet can be circumferentially moved or reciprocated around the stator magnet under external excitation, and the rotor magnet rotates relative to the electromagnetic coil, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby generating electric energy output.
优选的，所述定子磁铁与所述转子磁铁均为圆盘状结构或圆柱状结构，所述定子磁铁固定设置，所述转子磁铁吸附于定子磁铁的边缘，与定子磁铁外切设置，并绕定子磁铁做圆周运动或往复运动。Preferably, the stator magnet and the rotor magnet are both a disc-shaped structure or a cylindrical structure, and the stator magnet is fixedly disposed, and the rotor magnet is adsorbed on an edge of the stator magnet, and is externally arranged and wound around the stator magnet. The stator magnets make a circular motion or a reciprocating motion.
优选的，所述电磁线圈为以定子磁铁为中心按圆周方向均匀设置的一圈。Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is a ring uniformly disposed in the circumferential direction centering on the stator magnet.
优选的，所述电磁线圈为涡形卷绕设置。Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is provided in a spiral winding.
优选的，所述电磁线圈设置于转子磁铁运动平面的上方和/或下方，转子磁铁旋转一周分别与各电磁线圈一一对应，与各电磁线圈间发生相对运动，电磁线圈的内部磁通量发生变化产生感应电动势，从而产生电能输出。Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is disposed above and/or below the plane of motion of the rotor magnet, and the rotor magnet rotates one-to-one with the electromagnetic coils one-to-one, and a relative motion occurs between the electromagnetic coils, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes. The electromotive force is induced to generate an electrical energy output.
优选的，所述能量收集器还包括底座，所述定子磁铁、转子磁铁与电磁线圈均设置于所述底座上。Preferably, the energy harvester further includes a base, and the stator magnet, the rotor magnet and the electromagnetic coil are both disposed on the base.
优选的，所述底座一侧上成型有一凹槽，至少所述定子磁铁与转子磁铁设置于所述凹槽内。Preferably, a groove is formed on one side of the base, and at least the stator magnet and the rotor magnet are disposed in the groove.
优选的，所述凹槽顶部设置有一盖板，所述盖板盖接于底座上，所述凹槽内壁用以限定转子磁铁的径向移动，所述盖板用以限定转子磁铁的轴向运动。Preferably, a top cover is disposed on the top of the recess, the cover is attached to the base, the inner wall of the recess is for defining radial movement of the rotor magnet, and the cover is for defining an axial direction of the rotor magnet motion.
优选的，外部激振为垂直方向时，所述振动能量收集器为垂直设置， 外部激振为水平方向时，所述振动能量收集器为水平设置，外部激振为多个方向时，所述振动能量收集器为倾斜设置。Preferably, when the external excitation is in the vertical direction, the vibration energy collector is vertically disposed. When the external excitation is in the horizontal direction, the vibration energy collector is horizontally disposed, and when the external excitation is in a plurality of directions, the vibration energy collector is inclined.
与现有技术相比，本发明公开的面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器的优点是：Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the electromagnetic energy collector for low frequency random vibration disclosed by the present invention are:
该电磁式振动能量收集器引入了定子磁铁和转子磁铁，利用磁铁间的相互吸引力，在外界低频随机激振下，转子磁铁绕着定子磁铁进行旋转，同时与呈圆周分布的电磁线圈发生相对运动，从而产生电能输出，实现高效能量收集，可适用于多种复杂随机振动环境能量收集。The electromagnetic vibration energy collector introduces a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and the mutual attraction of the magnets causes the rotor magnet to rotate around the stator magnet under the external low-frequency random excitation, and simultaneously with the circumferentially distributed electromagnetic coil. Movement, which produces electrical energy output, enables efficient energy harvesting and is suitable for energy harvesting in a variety of complex random vibration environments.
该收集器无需弹簧、轴承等其他额外的辅助振动、旋转结构来实现转子磁铁与线圈的相对运动，利用磁铁间相互吸引力不仅结构简单，且摩擦阻力微小，从而在微小扰动激激励下非常容易实现往复和旋转运动。The collector does not require springs, bearings and other additional auxiliary vibrations, rotating structures to achieve the relative movement of the rotor magnets and the coils. The mutual attraction between the magnets is not only simple in structure, but also has small frictional resistance, so that it is very easy to be excited by small disturbances. Realize reciprocating and rotating motion.
可以实现在不同激振方向的能量收集和不同激振频率的高效输出，工作频率低、频带宽、适用范围广。It can realize energy collection in different excitation directions and high-efficiency output of different excitation frequencies, low operating frequency, wide frequency band and wide application range.
该收集器的振动环境适应性强，应用范围广。不仅可以应用于较复杂振动工况的能量收集，同时也可应用于人体随机动能收集，以及海洋波浪能收集。这些环境动能的特点是振动频率低、振动幅值、频率和方向随机性大的特点。The collector has a strong vibration environment and a wide range of applications. It can be applied not only to energy collection in more complex vibration conditions, but also to random kinetic energy collection in the human body and ocean wave energy collection. These environmental kinetic energy characteristics are characterized by low vibration frequency, large amplitude of vibration, randomness of frequency and direction.
附图说明DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work.
图1为本发明公开的电磁式振动能量收集器的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester disclosed by the present invention.
图2为不同激振方向下收集器的设置方式图。Figure 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the collectors in different excitation directions.
图中的数字或字母所代表的相应部件的名称：The names of the corresponding parts represented by numbers or letters in the figure:
1、底座 2、电磁线圈 3、定子磁铁 4、转子磁铁 5、盖板 6、凹槽 1. Base 2. Electromagnetic coil 3. Stator magnet 4. Rotor magnet 5. Cover plate 6. Groove
具体实施方式detailed description
正如背景技术部分所述，由于环境中的振动源普遍频率低且频带宽，振动幅值、频率和方向的随机性大，当前谐振式振动能量收集器普遍工作频率高(大于10Hz)，且往往具有较窄的工作频带和单一振动方向，环境适应性差。装置在小于10Hz的低频振动环境下电量输出低，因此普遍存在的问题是适用振动范围窄、输出功率密度低，难以满足无线传感节点的自供电需求。As described in the background section, due to the low frequency and frequency bandwidth of vibration sources in the environment, the randomness of vibration amplitude, frequency and direction is large, and the current resonant vibration energy collector generally has a high operating frequency (greater than 10 Hz), and often It has a narrow working frequency band and a single vibration direction, and has poor environmental adaptability. The device has low power output in a low frequency vibration environment of less than 10 Hz. Therefore, the common problem is that the applicable vibration range is narrow and the output power density is low, and it is difficult to meet the self-power supply requirement of the wireless sensor node.
本发明针对现有技术中的不足，提供了一种面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器，通过引入定子磁铁和转子磁铁，利用磁铁间的相互吸引力，实现转子磁铁绕定子磁铁的旋转结构，从而实现磁铁与线圈之间快速的相对运动，实现高效能量收集，可适用于多种复杂随机振动环境能量收集。The present invention provides an electromagnetic energy harvester for low-frequency random vibrations by introducing a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and utilizing the mutual attraction between the magnets to realize a rotating structure of the rotor magnet around the stator magnet. In order to achieve rapid relative movement between the magnet and the coil, high-efficiency energy collection can be realized, which can be applied to energy collection in a variety of complex random vibration environments.
下面将通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by way of specific embodiments. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
请参见图1，如图所示，一种电磁式振动能量收集器，用以将振动能转换为电能，能量收集器包括固定设置的一定子磁铁3，以定子磁铁3为中心按圆周方向设置的至少一电磁线圈2，定子磁铁3的周向上还吸附有一转子磁铁4，电磁线圈与转子磁铁沿定子磁铁的轴向上下设置。其中电磁线圈的数量可根据收集器的尺寸大小做调整。由于转子磁铁为绕定子磁铁一周旋转的运动方式，因此，电磁线圈通常选择以定子磁铁为中心按圆周方向均匀设置的一圈。Referring to FIG. 1, as shown, an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy. The energy collector includes a fixed set of sub-magnets 3, which are arranged in the circumferential direction centering on the stator magnets 3. At least one electromagnetic coil 2, a rotor magnet 4 is also adsorbed in the circumferential direction of the stator magnet 3, and the electromagnetic coil and the rotor magnet are arranged up and down in the axial direction of the stator magnet. The number of electromagnetic coils can be adjusted according to the size of the collector. Since the rotor magnet is a mode of rotation around the stator magnet, the electromagnetic coil is usually selected to be uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction around the stator magnet.
在存在外部激振的情况下，转子磁铁能够绕定子磁铁做圆周运动或往复运动，转子磁铁旋转与电磁线圈间发生相对运动，电磁线圈的内部磁通量发生变化产生感应电动势，从而产生电能输出。In the presence of external excitation, the rotor magnet can make a circular motion or a reciprocating motion around the stator magnet, and the rotor magnet rotates relative to the electromagnetic coil, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby generating electric energy output.
优选的，本实施例中的转子磁铁为吸附在定子磁铁周向上的一个，当然也可在定子磁铁的周向上设置多个转子磁铁，保证各个转子磁铁间不相互干涉即可，具体数量不做限制。 Preferably, the rotor magnet in the embodiment is one that is adsorbed in the circumferential direction of the stator magnet. Of course, a plurality of rotor magnets may be disposed in the circumferential direction of the stator magnet to ensure that the rotor magnets do not interfere with each other, and the specific number is not limit.
优选的，本发明中定子磁铁3与转子磁铁4均为具有一定厚度的圆盘状结构，通过设定磁铁的厚度，便于实现两磁铁外部的相切吸附，由于磁铁为圆形结构，两磁铁接触为线接触吸附，因此吸力较小，在外部存在微小的扰动均可驱动转子磁铁紧贴定子磁铁边缘做往复或圆周运动，反应灵敏，操作方便，电量输出效率高。而且，通过采用该结构形式的磁铁，二者间的运动摩擦为滚动摩擦，摩擦力小，转动时其摩擦阻力远小于其他间隙配合的旋转结构，比如轴承等。Preferably, in the present invention, the stator magnet 3 and the rotor magnet 4 are both disk-shaped structures having a certain thickness. By setting the thickness of the magnet, it is convenient to realize the tangent adsorption of the outside of the two magnets. Since the magnet has a circular structure, the two magnets The contact is the line contact adsorption, so the suction force is small, and the slight disturbance on the outside can drive the rotor magnet to be close to the edge of the stator magnet for reciprocating or circular motion, the reaction is sensitive, the operation is convenient, and the power output efficiency is high. Moreover, by adopting the magnet of the structure, the moving friction between the two is rolling friction, the friction is small, and the frictional resistance during rotation is much smaller than that of other gap-coordinated rotating structures, such as bearings.
其中为了保证两磁铁间的位置关系，还可将两磁铁做成具有一定厚度的圆柱状结构，定子磁铁固定设置，所述转子磁铁吸附于定子磁铁的边缘，与定子磁铁外切设置。具体结构形式及厚度不做限制。In order to ensure the positional relationship between the two magnets, the two magnets may be formed into a cylindrical structure having a certain thickness, and the stator magnets are fixedly disposed, and the rotor magnets are attracted to the edges of the stator magnets and are externally cut from the stator magnets. The specific structural form and thickness are not limited.
其中，定子磁铁的横截面可为圆形或椭圆形等不同结构形式，而转子磁铁为绕定子磁铁一周旋转的运动形式，电磁线圈可以按照转子磁铁的运动轨迹进行设置，因此其是否为圆周设置，与定子磁铁的结构形式以及转子磁铁的运动轨迹有关，具体不做限制。Wherein, the cross section of the stator magnet may be a circular or elliptical shape, and the rotor magnet is in the form of a rotation around the stator magnet. The electromagnetic coil may be arranged according to the movement track of the rotor magnet, so whether it is a circumferential arrangement It is related to the structural form of the stator magnet and the trajectory of the rotor magnet, and is not limited in detail.
本发明中，电磁线圈为涡形卷绕设置，通过该卷绕方式成型圆形电磁线圈，并将多个电磁线圈以定子磁铁为中心按圆周方向均匀布置。其中线圈的卷绕形式及最终形状以能够与转子磁铁间产生高的电动势为标准，具体不做限制。In the present invention, the electromagnetic coil is provided in a spiral winding, and the circular electromagnetic coil is formed by the winding method, and the plurality of electromagnetic coils are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction around the stator magnet. The winding form and final shape of the coil are based on the ability to generate a high electromotive force between the rotor magnets, and are not specifically limited.
电磁线圈可设置于转子磁铁运动平面的上方或下方，或者上下方均设置，具体根据需要而定。转子磁铁旋转一周分别与各电磁线圈一一对应产生相对运动，从而产生感应电动势输出电能。The electromagnetic coil can be placed above or below the plane of motion of the rotor magnet, or both above and below, depending on the needs. The rotor magnet rotates one-to-one with the respective electromagnetic coils to generate a relative motion, thereby generating an induced electromotive force output electric energy.
该能量收集器还包括底座1，定子磁铁3、转子磁铁4与电磁线圈2均设置于底座1上。通过底座1固定上述各部件。在先一步的将定子磁铁与电磁线圈固定后，可直接将转子磁铁放入底座上与定子磁铁吸附定位，后根据外部激振变化产生相应的旋转运动。The energy harvester further includes a base 1 on which the stator magnet 3, the rotor magnet 4 and the electromagnetic coil 2 are both disposed. The above components are fixed by the base 1. After the stator magnet and the electromagnetic coil are fixed in the first step, the rotor magnet can be directly placed on the base and adsorbed and positioned by the stator magnet, and then the corresponding rotary motion is generated according to the external excitation change.
底座1一侧上成型有一凹槽6，至少定子磁铁3与转子磁铁4设置于凹槽内。通过该凹槽的作用还可对转子磁铁的运行进行限位，防止转子磁铁在转速较大的情况下产生离心力作用与定子磁铁分离飞出。其中转子磁铁与凹槽内壁间为间隙设置，便于转子磁铁的正常运转。A groove 6 is formed on one side of the base 1, and at least the stator magnet 3 and the rotor magnet 4 are disposed in the groove. The action of the groove can also limit the operation of the rotor magnet to prevent the rotor magnet from generating centrifugal force and separating and flying out of the stator magnet under the condition of large rotation speed. The gap between the rotor magnet and the inner wall of the groove is set to facilitate the normal operation of the rotor magnet.
优选的，凹槽顶部设置有一盖板5，盖板5盖接于底座1上，用以遮 住凹槽，并将定子磁铁、转子磁铁以及电磁线圈限位在凹槽内部。盖板用以限定转子磁铁的轴向运动，以防止转子磁铁因旋转速度过大而飞出或与定子磁铁在平面外吸合固定。通过盖板与凹槽的配合，实现对转子磁铁径向与轴向上的限位，避免转子磁铁脱离本身的运转轨道。Preferably, a cover plate 5 is disposed on the top of the groove, and the cover plate 5 is attached to the base 1 for covering Hold the groove and limit the stator magnet, rotor magnet and solenoid to the inside of the groove. The cover plate is used to define the axial movement of the rotor magnet to prevent the rotor magnet from flying out due to excessive rotational speed or being fixed to the stator magnet in an out-of-plane manner. Through the cooperation of the cover plate and the groove, the radial and axial limits of the rotor magnet are realized, and the rotor magnet is prevented from being separated from the running track.
而且，该盖板方便拆卸，便于对振动能量收集器内部的组织结构形式进行检修与维护，便于设备的正常使用。Moreover, the cover plate is convenient to be disassembled, and the maintenance and maintenance of the internal structure of the vibration energy collector is facilitated, and the normal use of the device is facilitated.
如图2所示，在不同激振方向下，该收集器的放置方式也不相同，当外部激振为垂直方向时，能量收集器为垂直设置，当外部激振为水平方向时，能量收集器为水平设置，当外部激振为多个方向时，所述能量收集器为倾斜设置。收集器的具体设置方式根据需要而定，在此不做限制。As shown in Fig. 2, the collectors are placed in different directions in different excitation directions. When the external excitation is in the vertical direction, the energy collector is vertically arranged, and when the external excitation is in the horizontal direction, energy collection is performed. The device is horizontally arranged, and the energy collector is tilted when the external excitation is in multiple directions. The specific setting method of the collector is as needed, and there is no limitation here.
本发明的工作原理如下：The working principle of the invention is as follows:
当设备受到外部激振时，转子磁铁4可围绕定子磁铁3在平面内做快速的圆周运动，根据法拉第电磁感应原理，转子磁铁旋转与固定设置的电磁线圈发生相对运动，电磁线圈内部磁通量会发生变化从而产生感应电动势。该装置不仅可以应用于较复杂振动工况的能量收集，同时也可应用于人体随机动能收集，以及海洋波浪能收集。在不同激振模式下，如垂直、水平或任意方向的随机振动，均可利用本旋转装置实现高效能量收集。When the device is externally excited, the rotor magnet 4 can make a rapid circular motion in the plane around the stator magnet 3. According to the Faraday electromagnetic induction principle, the rotor magnet rotates relative to the fixed electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic flux inside the electromagnetic coil occurs. The change produces an induced electromotive force. The device can be applied not only to the energy collection of more complex vibration conditions, but also to the collection of random kinetic energy of the human body and the collection of ocean wave energy. High-efficiency energy harvesting can be achieved with this rotating device in different excitation modes, such as random vibrations in vertical, horizontal or arbitrary directions.
本发明公开了一种电磁式振动能量收集器，该电磁式振动能量收集器引入了定子磁铁和转子磁铁，利用磁铁间的相互吸引力，在外界低频随机激振下，转子磁铁绕着定子磁铁进行旋转，同时与呈圆周分布的电磁线圈发生相对运动，从而产生电能输出，实现高效能量收集，可适用于多种复杂随机振动环境能量收集。The invention discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, which introduces a stator magnet and a rotor magnet, and uses a mutual attraction between the magnets to rotate the rotor magnet around the stator magnet under random excitation of low frequency outside. Rotation, while moving relative to the circumferentially distributed electromagnetic coil, resulting in electrical energy output, achieving efficient energy harvesting, can be applied to a variety of complex random vibration environment energy harvesting.
该收集器无需弹簧、轴承等其他额外的辅助振动、旋转结构来实现转子磁铁与线圈的相对运动，利用磁铁间相互吸引力不仅结构简单，且摩擦阻力微小，从而在微小扰动激励下非常容易实现往复和旋转运动。The collector does not require springs, bearings and other additional auxiliary vibrations, rotating structures to achieve the relative movement of the rotor magnet and the coil, and the mutual attraction between the magnets is not only simple in structure, but also has small frictional resistance, so that it is very easy to realize under small disturbance excitation. Reciprocating and rotating motion.
可以实现在不同激振方向的能量收集和不同激振频率的高效输出，工作频率低、频带宽、适用范围广。It can realize energy collection in different excitation directions and high-efficiency output of different excitation frequencies, low operating frequency, wide frequency band and wide application range.
该收集器的振动环境适应性强，应用范围广。不仅可以应用于较复杂振动工况的能量收集，同时也可应用于人体随机动能收集，以及海洋波浪能收集。这些环境动能的特点是振动频率低、振动幅值、频率和方向随机 性大的特点。The collector has a strong vibration environment and a wide range of applications. It can be applied not only to energy collection in more complex vibration conditions, but also to random kinetic energy collection in the human body and ocean wave energy collection. These environmental kinetic energy is characterized by low vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, frequency and direction. Sexual characteristics.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。 The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments are obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but the scope of the invention is to be accorded

Claims (9)

  1. 一种面向低频随机振动的电磁式能量收集器，用以将振动能转换为电能，其特征在于，所述振动能量收集器包括固定设置的一定子磁铁，分布于定子磁铁外圈的至少一电磁线圈，所述定子磁铁的周向上还吸附有一转子磁铁，所述电磁线圈与所述转子磁铁运动平面间为上下设置，转子磁铁在绕定子磁铁旋转时与电磁线圈间发生相对运动；An electromagnetic energy harvester for low frequency random vibration for converting vibration energy into electrical energy, characterized in that the vibration energy collector comprises a fixed set of sub-magnets, at least one electromagnetic distributed on the outer circumference of the stator magnet a coil, a rotor magnet is further adsorbed in a circumferential direction of the stator magnet, and the electromagnetic coil and the moving plane of the rotor magnet are arranged up and down, and a relative movement between the rotor magnet and the electromagnetic coil occurs when the rotor magnet rotates around the stator magnet;
    转子磁铁能够在外部激振下绕所述定子磁铁做周向运动或往复运动，转子磁铁旋转与电磁线圈间发生相对运动，电磁线圈的内部磁通量发生变化产生感应电动势，从而产生电能输出。The rotor magnet can be circumferentially moved or reciprocated around the stator magnet under external excitation, and the rotor magnet rotates relative to the electromagnetic coil, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby generating electric energy output.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述定子磁铁与所述转子磁铁均为圆盘状结构或圆柱状结构，所述定子磁铁固定设置，所述转子磁铁吸附于定子磁铁的边缘，与定子磁铁外切设置，并绕定子磁铁做圆周运动或往复运动。The electromagnetic energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein said stator magnet and said rotor magnet are both disk-shaped or cylindrical, said stator magnet is fixedly disposed, and said rotor magnet is adsorbed The edge of the stator magnet is circumscribed with the stator magnet and circularly or reciprocally moved around the stator magnet.
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述电磁线圈为以定子磁铁为中心按圆周方向均匀设置的一圈。The electromagnetic energy harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electromagnetic coil is a ring which is uniformly disposed in the circumferential direction around the stator magnet.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述电磁线圈为涡形卷绕设置。The electromagnetic energy harvester of claim 1 wherein said electromagnetic coil is in a spiral wrap arrangement.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述电磁线圈设置于转子磁铁运动平面的上方和/或下方，转子磁铁旋转一周分别与各电磁线圈一一对应，与各电磁线圈间发生相对运动，电磁线圈的内部磁通量发生变化产生感应电动势，从而产生电能输出。The electromagnetic energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic coil is disposed above and/or below a plane of motion of the rotor magnet, and the rotor magnet rotates one-to-one with each electromagnetic coil, and each electromagnetic The relative motion occurs between the coils, and the internal magnetic flux of the electromagnetic coil changes to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby generating an electric energy output.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述能量收集器还包括底座，所述定子磁铁、转子磁铁与电磁线圈均设置于所述底座上。The electromagnetic energy harvester of claim 1 wherein said energy harvester further comprises a base, said stator magnet, said rotor magnet and said electromagnetic coil being disposed on said base.
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述底座一侧上成型有一凹槽，至少所述定子磁铁与转子磁铁设置于所述凹槽内。The electromagnetic energy harvester according to claim 6, wherein a groove is formed on one side of the base, and at least the stator magnet and the rotor magnet are disposed in the groove.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，所述凹槽顶部设置有一盖板，所述盖板盖接于底座上，所述凹槽内壁用以限定转子磁铁的径向移动，所述盖板用以限定转子磁铁的轴向运动。 The electromagnetic energy harvester according to claim 7, wherein a top cover is disposed on the top of the recess, the cover is attached to the base, and the inner wall of the recess is used to define a radial direction of the rotor magnet. Moving, the cover plate is used to define the axial movement of the rotor magnet.
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电磁式能量收集器，其特征在于，外部激振为垂直方向时，所述振动能量收集器为垂直设置，外部激振为水平方向时，所述振动能量收集器为水平设置，外部激振为多个方向时，所述振动能量收集器为倾斜设置。 The electromagnetic energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein when the external excitation is in a vertical direction, the vibration energy collector is vertically disposed, and when the external excitation is in a horizontal direction, the vibration energy collector is Horizontally, when the external excitation is in multiple directions, the vibration energy collector is inclined.
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