WO2018041189A1 - Magnetic surface fast-mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional bend waveguide with leak-free low-loss type magneto-optic gap - Google Patents
Magnetic surface fast-mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional bend waveguide with leak-free low-loss type magneto-optic gap Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018041189A1 WO2018041189A1 PCT/CN2017/099827 CN2017099827W WO2018041189A1 WO 2018041189 A1 WO2018041189 A1 WO 2018041189A1 CN 2017099827 W CN2017099827 W CN 2017099827W WO 2018041189 A1 WO2018041189 A1 WO 2018041189A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12035—Materials
- G02B2006/12038—Glass (SiO2 based materials)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12035—Materials
- G02B2006/1208—Rare earths
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a non-leakage and low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide.
- a curved waveguide is an optical device used as a conversion optical path, which occupies an important position in an optical waveguide device. Bending in the optical waveguide is necessary due to the change in the direction of beam propagation in the optical waveguide, the displacement of the beam transmission axis, and the need to reduce the volume of the device. The bending of the waveguide causes a change in the optical characteristic distribution of the waveguide material in the direction of light transmission, so that the curved waveguide has a high loss.
- the field of turning waveguides has been extensively studied, and the curved turning type curved waveguide is the main content of this research. But even for this type of waveguide, the bending loss and transition loss that are present still severely restrict the transmission efficiency. In addition, structural defects and the like can also cause other losses to the waveguide.
- Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback.
- the main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle.
- Conventional Faraday isolators consist of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is commonly used in free-space optical systems.
- integrated optical devices such as fiber optics or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle and are therefore not suitable for use with pull-up isolators.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle with simple and effective structure, low loss, high light transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration.
- One-way turning waveguide is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle with simple and effective structure, low loss, high light transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration.
- the present invention adopts the following design:
- the leakage-free low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide of the invention comprises an optical input port 1, a light output port 2, two magneto-optical material layers 3, 4, a dielectric layer 5, and four Absorbing layers 6, 7, 8 and 9 and two opposite bias magnetic fields; said magneto-optical material layers 3, 4 and dielectric layer 5 being a three-layer optical waveguide, said three-layer structure being bent at any angle Forming two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions at the magneto-optical material layers 3, 4; the gap between the magneto-optical material layers 3, 4 is a dielectric layer 5, and the port 1 of the unidirectional curved waveguide It is an optical input port, and its port 2 is a light output port; the dielectric layer 5 has a ring shape at a curved portion of the waveguide; and the surface of the magneto-optical material layers 3, 4 and the dielectric layer 5 is a magnetic surface fast wave.
- the photodiode and the isolator are composed of magneto-optical material layers 3, 4 and a dielectric layer 5.
- the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films.
- the layers of magneto-optical material 3, 4 and dielectric layer 5 are connected to the optical input port and the optical output port by any angular bending.
- the dielectric layer 5 is a vacuum, air, silicon dioxide or a working wave transparent plastic.
- the three-layer structure is a flat structure.
- the arbitrary angle curved shape is a 30 degree turn shape, a 45 degree turn shape, a 60 degree turn shape, a 90 degree turn shape, a 120 degree turn shape, a 135 degree turn shape, a 150 degree turn shape, or a 180 degree turn shape.
- the absorbing layers 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the same or different absorbing materials; the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture , boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
- the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture , boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
- the absorbing layers 6, 7, 8, and 9 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the flat waveguide; the thicknesses of the absorbing layers 6, 7, 8, and 9 are respectively not Less than 1/4 wavelength.
- the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet; the unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide; and the unidirectional cornering waveguide operates in a TE mode.
- the invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has broad application prospects. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
- the structure is simple and easy to implement.
- Magnetic surface waves have immune characteristics to structural defects, and have ultra-low loss and ultra-high transmission efficiency, and are widely used in the design of various optical waveguides.
- FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide.
- optical input port 1 optical output port 2 first magneto-optical material layer 3 second magneto-optical material layer 4 dielectric layer 5 first absorbing layer 6 second absorbing layer 7 third absorbing layer 8 fourth absorbing wave
- Layer 9 Biasing magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) Biasing magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (in) Dielectric layer thickness w Distance between the absorbing layer and the waveguide w 1 Inner arc radius of the ring r Outer arc radius of the ring r+w
- FIG. 2 is a working principle diagram of a non-leaked magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectionally curved waveguide with no leakage magneto-optical gap as a function of the optical frequency.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of a non-leaked magneto-optical gap unidirectional cornering waveguide as a function of lightwave frequency.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectional curved waveguide with no leakage magneto-optical gap as a function of the optical frequency.
- Fig. 6 is a graph showing a fourth embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectionally curved waveguide with no leakage magneto-optical gap as a function of the optical frequency.
- the leakage-free low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide of the present invention comprises an optical input port 1, an optical output port 2, and a first magneto-optical material layer 3, two magneto-optical material layer 4, a dielectric layer 5, a first absorbing layer 6, a second absorbing layer 7, 8, 9 and fourth absorbing layer two opposite directions absorbing layer a third bias magnetic field H 0
- the unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide, and the working mode of the unidirectional turning waveguide is TE mode, and the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 are a three-layer optical waveguide.
- the optical waveguide can transmit optical signals unidirectionally, serving as a photodiode and an isolator, and the photodiode and isolator are composed of a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magneto-optical material layer 4, and a dielectric layer 5.
- the three-layer structure is a flat waveguide structure, and the three-layer structure is curved at an arbitrary angle, and the shape bent at an arbitrary angle is a circular arc shape (arc-shaped turning type curved waveguide), for example, when the turning angle is 45 degrees, it is eight points.
- the bending at any angle can be any angle between 0 and 180 degrees.
- the bending angle of the unidirectional turning waveguide can also be between 0 and 180 degrees. Only the commonly used waveguide turning angles are shown in the figure: 30 degrees. 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees and 180 degrees.
- Figure 1 (a) one-way turning angle is 30 degrees
- Figure 1 (b) one-way turning angle is 45 degrees
- Figure 1 (c) one-way turning angle is 60 degrees
- Figure 1 (d) single The turning angle is 90 degrees
- the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (e) is 120 degrees
- the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (f) is 135 degrees
- the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (g) is 150 degrees
- Figure 1 ( h) The one-way turning angle is 180 degrees. Since the device structure of the present invention satisfies the symmetry conservation, that is, its corresponding mirror structure can also work effectively, both of the structures of FIGS. 1(d) and (i) are mirror-symmetrical and have the same operational characteristics.
- the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4, and the dielectric layer 5 are connected to the optical input port and the optical output end by an arbitrary angular bending shape.
- the dielectric layer 5 is a region where the light energy is mainly concentrated, and the gap between the first magneto-optical material 3 and the second magneto-optical material 4 is the dielectric layer 5, and the dielectric layer 5 has a ring shape in the curved portion of the waveguide, and the inner arc of the ring
- the radius r, the outer arc radius r+w, the length of the curved portion depends on the turning angle; the dielectric layer 5 is vacuum, air, silicon dioxide (glass), and a transparent plastic wave.
- the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 constitute a photodiode and an isolator capable of unidirectionally transmitting optical signals, a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magneto-optical material layer 4 and a dielectric layer
- the surface of 5 is a magnetic surface fast wave.
- the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films.
- the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 are respectively provided with oppositely directed bias static magnetic fields H 0 , that is, a bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) and a bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (in),
- the bias magnetic field H 0 is generated by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
- the static magnetic field H 0 to the drawing outwardly perpendicular magneto-optical material 3 is applied, the magneto-optical material 4 is applied perpendicular to the static magnetic field H 0 in the paper facing, unidirectional turning to port 1 of the optical waveguide input port 1, port 2 For the light output port.
- the first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8 and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are the same or different absorbing materials, and the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, Carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, poly Ether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethylene imine.
- the first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8, and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the flat waveguide, and the first absorbing wave
- the thicknesses of the layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8, and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 are each not less than 1/4 wavelength, respectively.
- the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP).
- SPP metal surface plasmon
- the magneto-optical material Under the action of the biased static magnetic field, the magneto-optical material has a magnetic permeability of tensor, and at the same time, its effective refractive index is negative in a certain optical band.
- the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of producing a guided wave and has a property of unidirectional propagation, which is called a surface acoustic wave (Surface Magnetically Polarized Wave, SMP).
- the invention has no leakage and low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide based on the non-reciprocity of magneto-optical materials, and can be produced by combining magneto-optical materials and medium interfaces.
- the magneto-optical material, the medium and the magneto-optical material three-layer structure waveguide and the absorbing layer are combined, and the magnetic surface fast wave generated by the magneto-optical material and the medium interface is used for unidirectional bending transmission of light, and the absorbing layer absorbs unnecessary waves and eliminates Optical path interference.
- the technical scheme of the invention realizes the design of the unidirectional turning waveguide based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material and the medium interface.
- the basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
- the magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by the application of a static magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment.
- the magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light.
- the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
- ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
- ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
- H 0 is the applied magnetic field
- M s is the saturation magnetization
- ⁇ is the operating frequency
- ⁇ is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the biasing magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper facing direction, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
- the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be based on the magnetism of the magneto-optical material.
- the conductivity tensor and Maxwell's equations are solved.
- the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
- the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and the magnetic permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium.
- the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material 3 faces the vertical paper, and the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material 4 faces the vertical paper.
- the magnetic surface wave of the unidirectional forward transmission is generated at the interface between the two magneto-optical materials and the medium at the same time, and finally outputted from the port 2;
- the light wave is input from the port 2
- due to the non-mutual wave of the magnetic surface wave Ease of light causes the light wave to be reversed in the device and cannot be output from port 1, and the light energy is completely blocked at port 2.
- the light wave can be well confined to the curved waveguide, and the loss value is very low.
- the invention discloses a three-layer structure characteristic of a magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material, and a structural dimension and a parameter thereof, for example, an inner arc radius of a ring, a non-leakage low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide r and the dielectric layer thickness w can be flexibly selected according to the working wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
- YAG is used as the magnetic anisotropic material
- the bias magnetic field is 900 Oe
- the YIG material loss coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4
- the operating frequency f of the device is the dielectric constant ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and magnetic permeability [ ⁇ 1 ] of the magneto-optical material and the medium.
- ⁇ 2 is determined.
- the one-way cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide with a turning angle of 45 degrees.
- the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic meter inside the device.
- the surface wave which in turn is output from port 2 through the device, and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1.
- the unidirectional cornering waveguide has an operating frequency range of 4.99 GHz to 7.29 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the unidirectional turning waveguide achieves a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 23.215 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0228 dB.
- the unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide having a turning angle of 90 degrees.
- the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic surface wave inside the device, which is then output from port 2 through the device; and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1.
- the operating frequency range of the unidirectional cornering waveguide is 5.04 GHz to 7.44 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the one-way cornering waveguide achieves a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 25.513 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0123 dB.
- the one-way cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide with a turning angle of 135 degrees.
- the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic surface wave inside the device, which is then output from port 2 through the device; and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1.
- the operating frequency range of the unidirectional cornering waveguide is 5.05 GHz to 7.41 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the one-way cornering waveguide achieves a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 23.372 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0200 dB.
- the one-way cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide with a turning angle of 180 degrees.
- the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic surface wave inside the device, which is then output from port 2 through the device; and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1.
- the unidirectional cornering waveguide has an operating frequency range of 4.99 GHz to 7.33 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the one-way cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 27.545 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.00765 dB.
- the transmission efficiency curve of the magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide with different turning angles of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 can obtain the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave transmitted by the magneto-optical air-bending waveguide. That is, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional turning waveguide. It can be seen from the results that the low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way corner waveguide of the present invention can work effectively.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a magnetic surface fast-mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional bend waveguide with a leak-free low-loss type magneto-optic gap, comprising an optical input port (1), an optical output port (2), two magneto-optic material layers (3, 4), a dielectric layer (5), four wave absorption layers (6, 7, 8 and 9) and two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions. The magneto-optic material layers (3, 4) and the dielectric layer (5) are an optical waveguide with a three-layer structure, wherein the three-layer structure is bend-shaped at arbitrary angle, and the two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions are arranged on the magneto-optic material layers (3, 4). The dielectric layer (5) is in a gap between the magneto-optic material layers (3, 4). A bending part of the waveguide is of an annular shape at the dielectric layer (5). A magnetic surface fast wave is on a surface of the magnetic-optic material layers (3, 4) and the dielectric layer (5). The unidirectional bend waveguide has a simple structure, is convenient for integration, has low loss, has high transmission efficiency, and is applicable to large-scale optical path integration.
Description
本发明涉及一种磁光材料、表面波和光二极管,尤其涉及一种无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导。The invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a non-leakage and low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide.
拐弯波导是一种作为变换光路用的光器件,其在光波导器件中占据重要的地位。由于光波导中光束传播方向的改变、光束传输轴位移和降低器件体积的需要,光波导中的弯曲是必需的。波导弯曲会引起波导材料在光的传输方向上光学特性分布的变化,使得拐弯波导具备较高的损耗。拐弯波导领域已有广泛的研究,其中弧形转向型拐弯波导是目前此方面研究的主要内容。但即使是这种类型的波导,其所存在的弯曲损耗和过渡损耗仍然严重制约了传输效率。此外结构缺陷等也会给波导带来其他方面的损耗。A curved waveguide is an optical device used as a conversion optical path, which occupies an important position in an optical waveguide device. Bending in the optical waveguide is necessary due to the change in the direction of beam propagation in the optical waveguide, the displacement of the beam transmission axis, and the need to reduce the volume of the device. The bending of the waveguide causes a change in the optical characteristic distribution of the waveguide material in the direction of light transmission, so that the curved waveguide has a high loss. The field of turning waveguides has been extensively studied, and the curved turning type curved waveguide is the main content of this research. But even for this type of waveguide, the bending loss and transition loss that are present still severely restrict the transmission efficiency. In addition, structural defects and the like can also cause other losses to the waveguide.
光二极管和隔离器是一种只允许光往一个方向传播的光学器件,应用于阻止不必要的光反馈。传统的光二极管和隔离器的主元件是法拉第旋光器,应用了法拉第效应(磁光效应)作为其工作原理。传统的法拉第隔离器由起偏器、法拉第旋光器和检偏器组成,这种器件结构复杂,通常被应用在自由空间的光***中。对于集成光路,光纤或波导等集成光器件都是非偏振维持***,会导致偏振角的损耗,因而不适用法拉第隔离器。
Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback. The main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle. Conventional Faraday isolators consist of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is commonly used in free-space optical systems. For integrated optical paths, integrated optical devices such as fiber optics or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle and are therefore not suitable for use with pull-up isolators.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种结构简单有效,低损耗,光传输效率高,体积小,便于集成的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导。The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle with simple and effective structure, low loss, high light transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration. One-way turning waveguide.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取以下设计方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following design:
本发明无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导包括一个光输入端口1,一个光输出端口2,两个磁光材料层3、4,一个介质层5,四个吸波层6、7、8和9以及两个相反方向的偏置磁场;所述磁光材料层3、4和介质层5为一个三层结构光波导,所述三层结构为任意角度弯曲形,在所述磁光材料层3、4处设置有两个方向相反的偏置磁场;所述磁光材料层3、4间的空隙为介质层5,所述单向拐弯波导的端口1为光输入端口,其端口2为光输出端口;所述介质层5在波导弯曲部分为圆环形状;所述磁光材料层3、4与介质层5的表面处为磁表面快波。The leakage-free low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide of the invention comprises an optical input port 1, a light output port 2, two magneto- optical material layers 3, 4, a dielectric layer 5, and four Absorbing layers 6, 7, 8 and 9 and two opposite bias magnetic fields; said magneto- optical material layers 3, 4 and dielectric layer 5 being a three-layer optical waveguide, said three-layer structure being bent at any angle Forming two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions at the magneto- optical material layers 3, 4; the gap between the magneto- optical material layers 3, 4 is a dielectric layer 5, and the port 1 of the unidirectional curved waveguide It is an optical input port, and its port 2 is a light output port; the dielectric layer 5 has a ring shape at a curved portion of the waveguide; and the surface of the magneto- optical material layers 3, 4 and the dielectric layer 5 is a magnetic surface fast wave.
光二极管和隔离器由磁光材料层3、4和介质层5构成。The photodiode and the isolator are composed of magneto- optical material layers 3, 4 and a dielectric layer 5.
所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。The magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films.
所述磁光材料层3、4和介质层5通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端口和光输出端口连接。The layers of magneto- optical material 3, 4 and dielectric layer 5 are connected to the optical input port and the optical output port by any angular bending.
所述介质层5为真空、空气、二氧化硅或工作波透明的塑料。The dielectric layer 5 is a vacuum, air, silicon dioxide or a working wave transparent plastic.
所述三层结构为平直结构。
The three-layer structure is a flat structure.
所述任意角度弯曲形为30度拐弯形状、45度拐弯形状、60度拐弯形状、90度拐弯形状、120度拐弯形状、135度拐弯形状、150度拐弯形状或180度拐弯形状。The arbitrary angle curved shape is a 30 degree turn shape, a 45 degree turn shape, a 60 degree turn shape, a 90 degree turn shape, a 120 degree turn shape, a 135 degree turn shape, a 150 degree turn shape, or a 180 degree turn shape.
所述吸波层6、7、8、和9为相同或不同的吸波材料;所述吸波材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。The absorbing layers 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the same or different absorbing materials; the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture , boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
所述吸波层6、7、8和9均分别与所述平直波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长;所述吸波层6、7、8和9的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。The absorbing layers 6, 7, 8, and 9 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the flat waveguide; the thicknesses of the absorbing layers 6, 7, 8, and 9 are respectively not Less than 1/4 wavelength.
所述偏置磁场由电磁铁或永久磁铁产生;所述单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成;所述单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式。The bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet; the unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide; and the unidirectional cornering waveguide operates in a TE mode.
本发明适合应用于大规模光路集成,具有广阔的应用前景。它与现有技术相比,有如下积极效果。The invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has broad application prospects. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
1.结构简单,便于实现。1. The structure is simple and easy to implement.
2.体积小,便于集成。2. Small size for easy integration.
3.磁表面波具备对结构缺陷的免疫特性,具有超低损耗、超高传输效率,广泛应用到各种光波导的设计中。3. Magnetic surface waves have immune characteristics to structural defects, and have ultra-low loss and ultra-high transmission efficiency, and are widely used in the design of various optical waveguides.
图1为无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导的结构图。
1 is a structural diagram of a non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide.
图中:光输入端口1 光输出端口2 第一磁光材料层3 第二磁光材料层4 介质层5 第一吸波层6 第二吸波层7 第三吸波层8 第四吸波层9 偏置磁场⊙H0(外) 偏置磁场⊕H0(里) 介质层厚度w 吸波层与波导之间的距离w1 圆环的内圆弧半径r 圆环的外圆弧半径r+wIn the figure: optical input port 1 optical output port 2 first magneto-optical material layer 3 second magneto-optical material layer 4 dielectric layer 5 first absorbing layer 6 second absorbing layer 7 third absorbing layer 8 fourth absorbing wave Layer 9 Biasing magnetic field ⊙H 0 (outer) Biasing magnetic field ⊕H 0 (in) Dielectric layer thickness w Distance between the absorbing layer and the waveguide w 1 Inner arc radius of the ring r Outer arc radius of the ring r+w
图2为无泄漏磁光空隙磁表面快模单向拐弯波导的工作原理图。2 is a working principle diagram of a non-leaked magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide.
图3为无泄漏磁光空隙单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第一种实施例曲线图。Fig. 3 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectionally curved waveguide with no leakage magneto-optical gap as a function of the optical frequency.
图4为无泄漏磁光空隙单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第二种实施例曲线图。4 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of a non-leaked magneto-optical gap unidirectional cornering waveguide as a function of lightwave frequency.
图5为无泄漏磁光空隙单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第三种实施例曲线图。Fig. 5 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectional curved waveguide with no leakage magneto-optical gap as a function of the optical frequency.
图6为无泄漏磁光空隙单向拐弯波导的正反向传输效率随光波频率变化的第四种实施例曲线图。Fig. 6 is a graph showing a fourth embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectionally curved waveguide with no leakage magneto-optical gap as a function of the optical frequency.
如图1所示,本发明的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导包括一个光输入端口1、一个光输出端口2、第一个磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4、一个介质层5、第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8、第四吸波层9和两个相反方向的偏置磁场H0;单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成,单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式,第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4和介质层5为一个三层结构光波导,光波导可以单向传输光信号,用作光二极管和隔离器,
光二极管和隔离器由第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4和介质层5构成。三层结构为平直波导结构,该三层结构为任意角度弯曲形,任意角度弯曲的形状为圆弧形(弧形转向型拐弯波导),例如,当拐弯角度为45度时,为八分之一个圆环;当拐弯角度为90度时,为四分之一个圆环;当拐弯角度为180度时,为半个圆环等,以此类推。任意角度弯曲可以为0度至180度之间的任意角,单向拐弯波导的弯曲角度也可以采用0度至180度之间的角度;图中仅显示常用的几种波导拐弯角度:30度、45度、60度、90度、120度、135度、150度和180度。其中图1(a)单向拐弯角度为30度、图1(b)单向拐弯角度为45度、图1(c)单向拐弯角度为60度、图1(d)、(i)单向拐弯角度为90度、图1(e)单向拐弯角度为120度、图1(f)单向拐弯角度为135度、图1(g)单向拐弯角度为150度、和图1(h)单向拐弯角度为180度。由于本发明器件结构满足对称守恒,也就是其对应的镜像结构也同样可以有效工作,因而图1(d)和(i)两者结构镜像对称,具备同样的工作特性。第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4和介质层5通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端口和光输出端连接。介质层5是光能量主要集中的区域,第一磁光材料3和第二磁光材料4间的空隙为介质层5,介质层5在波导弯曲部分为圆环形状,圆环的内圆弧半径r,其外圆弧半径r+w,弯曲部分的长短取决于拐弯角度;介质层5采用真空、空气、二氧化硅(玻璃)、工作波透明的塑料。第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层4和介质层5构成光二极管和隔离器可以单向传输光信号,第一磁光材料层3、第二磁光材料层
4与介质层5的表面处为磁表面快波。磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4分别设置有方向相反的偏置静磁场H0,,即偏置磁场⊙H0(外)和偏置磁场⊕H0(里),偏置磁场H0由电磁铁或永久磁铁产生。当磁光材料3外加垂直于纸面向外的静磁场H0,而磁光材料4外加垂直于纸面向里的静磁场H0时,单向拐弯波导的端口1为光输入端口1,端口2为光输出端口。第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9为相同或不同的吸波材料,吸波材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与平直波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长,第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。As shown in FIG. 1, the leakage-free low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide of the present invention comprises an optical input port 1, an optical output port 2, and a first magneto-optical material layer 3, two magneto-optical material layer 4, a dielectric layer 5, a first absorbing layer 6, a second absorbing layer 7, 8, 9 and fourth absorbing layer two opposite directions absorbing layer a third bias magnetic field H 0 The unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide, and the working mode of the unidirectional turning waveguide is TE mode, and the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 are a three-layer optical waveguide. The optical waveguide can transmit optical signals unidirectionally, serving as a photodiode and an isolator, and the photodiode and isolator are composed of a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magneto-optical material layer 4, and a dielectric layer 5. The three-layer structure is a flat waveguide structure, and the three-layer structure is curved at an arbitrary angle, and the shape bent at an arbitrary angle is a circular arc shape (arc-shaped turning type curved waveguide), for example, when the turning angle is 45 degrees, it is eight points. One ring; when the turning angle is 90 degrees, it is a quarter ring; when the turning angle is 180 degrees, it is a half ring, etc., and so on. The bending at any angle can be any angle between 0 and 180 degrees. The bending angle of the unidirectional turning waveguide can also be between 0 and 180 degrees. Only the commonly used waveguide turning angles are shown in the figure: 30 degrees. 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees and 180 degrees. Figure 1 (a) one-way turning angle is 30 degrees, Figure 1 (b) one-way turning angle is 45 degrees, Figure 1 (c) one-way turning angle is 60 degrees, Figure 1 (d), (i) single The turning angle is 90 degrees, the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (e) is 120 degrees, the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (f) is 135 degrees, the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (g) is 150 degrees, and Figure 1 ( h) The one-way turning angle is 180 degrees. Since the device structure of the present invention satisfies the symmetry conservation, that is, its corresponding mirror structure can also work effectively, both of the structures of FIGS. 1(d) and (i) are mirror-symmetrical and have the same operational characteristics. The first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4, and the dielectric layer 5 are connected to the optical input port and the optical output end by an arbitrary angular bending shape. The dielectric layer 5 is a region where the light energy is mainly concentrated, and the gap between the first magneto-optical material 3 and the second magneto-optical material 4 is the dielectric layer 5, and the dielectric layer 5 has a ring shape in the curved portion of the waveguide, and the inner arc of the ring The radius r, the outer arc radius r+w, the length of the curved portion depends on the turning angle; the dielectric layer 5 is vacuum, air, silicon dioxide (glass), and a transparent plastic wave. The first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the dielectric layer 5 constitute a photodiode and an isolator capable of unidirectionally transmitting optical signals, a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magneto-optical material layer 4 and a dielectric layer The surface of 5 is a magnetic surface fast wave. The magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films. The first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4 are respectively provided with oppositely directed bias static magnetic fields H 0 , that is, a bias magnetic field ⊙H 0 (outer) and a bias magnetic field ⊕H 0 (in), The bias magnetic field H 0 is generated by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. When the static magnetic field H 0 to the drawing outwardly perpendicular magneto-optical material 3 is applied, the magneto-optical material 4 is applied perpendicular to the static magnetic field H 0 in the paper facing, unidirectional turning to port 1 of the optical waveguide input port 1, port 2 For the light output port. The first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8 and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are the same or different absorbing materials, and the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, Carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, poly Ether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethylene imine. The first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8, and the fourth absorbing layer 9 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the flat waveguide, and the first absorbing wave The thicknesses of the layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8, and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 are each not less than 1/4 wavelength, respectively.
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波是一种类似于金属表面等离子激元(SPP)的现象。磁光材料在偏置静磁场的作用下,磁导率为张量形式,同时,在一定的光波段范围内,其有效折射率为负值。因而,磁光材料的表面能够产生一种导波,且具有单向传播的性能,称为磁表面波(表面磁极化子波,SMP)。The magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP). Under the action of the biased static magnetic field, the magneto-optical material has a magnetic permeability of tensor, and at the same time, its effective refractive index is negative in a certain optical band. Thus, the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of producing a guided wave and has a property of unidirectional propagation, which is called a surface acoustic wave (Surface Magnetically Polarized Wave, SMP).
本发明无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导是基于磁光材料所具有的非互易性,结合磁光材料和介质界面能够产
生表面波的特性所研究出的具有优异性能的单向拐弯波导。将磁光材料、介质和磁光材料三层结构波导及吸波层组合,利用磁光材料和介质界面产生的磁表面快波来进行光的单向弯曲传输,吸波层吸收无用波,消除光路干扰。The invention has no leakage and low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide based on the non-reciprocity of magneto-optical materials, and can be produced by combining magneto-optical materials and medium interfaces.
A unidirectional turning waveguide with excellent properties developed by the characteristics of surface waves. The magneto-optical material, the medium and the magneto-optical material three-layer structure waveguide and the absorbing layer are combined, and the magnetic surface fast wave generated by the magneto-optical material and the medium interface is used for unidirectional bending transmission of light, and the absorbing layer absorbs unnecessary waves and eliminates Optical path interference.
本发明技术方案是基于磁光材料所具有的光非互易性和磁光材料和介质界面所具有独特的可传导表面波特性,实现单向拐弯波导的设计。该技术方案的基本原理如下:The technical scheme of the invention realizes the design of the unidirectional turning waveguide based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material and the medium interface. The basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
磁光材料是一种具有磁各向异性的材料,由外加静磁场导致磁光材料内部的磁偶极子按同一方向排列,进而产生磁偶极矩。磁偶极矩将和光信号发生强烈的相互作用,进而产生光的非互易性传输。在方向为垂直纸面向外的偏置磁场H0的作用下,磁光材料的磁导率张量为:The magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by the application of a static magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment. The magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light. The magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
磁导率张量的矩阵元由以下方程组给出:The matrix elements of the permeability tensor are given by the following equations:
其中,μ0为真空中的磁导率,γ为旋磁比,H0为外加磁场,Ms为饱和磁化强度,ω为工作频率,α为损耗系数。若改变偏置磁场的方向为垂直纸面向里,则H0和Ms将改变符号。Where μ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, γ is the gyromagnetic ratio, H 0 is the applied magnetic field, M s is the saturation magnetization, ω is the operating frequency, and α is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the biasing magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper facing direction, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
磁光材料-介质界面所产生的磁表面波则可以根据磁光材料的磁
导率张量和麦克斯韦方程组求解得出。满足表面波(TE波)在界面存在的电场和磁场应当有如下的形式:The magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be based on the magnetism of the magneto-optical material.
The conductivity tensor and Maxwell's equations are solved. The electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
其中i=1代表磁光材料区域,i=2代表介质区域。代入麦克斯韦方程组:Where i=1 represents the magneto-optical material region and i=2 represents the dielectric region. Substituting Maxwell's equations:
再根据本构关系式和边界条件,可得出关于磁表面波的波矢kz的超越方程:According to the constitutive relation and the boundary conditions, the transcendental equation about the wave vector k z of the magnetic surface wave can be obtained:
其中,为磁光材料的有效磁导率。此超越方程可以由数值解法求解,最终得到kz的值。也可从方程看出,由于方程包含μκkz的项,所以,磁表面波具有非互易性(单向传播)。among them, It is the effective permeability of magneto-optical materials. This transcendental equation can be solved by a numerical solution, and finally the value of k z is obtained. It can also be seen from the equation that since the equation contains the term of μ κ k z , the surface acoustic wave has non-reciprocity (one-way propagation).
可见,若采用磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构,并在第一磁光材料层3和第二磁光材料层4处加入相反方向的静磁场,那么将构成有效的单向波导。并且由于磁表面波(SMP)的特性,拐弯波导在理论上将不会有弯曲结构所产生的损耗。如图2所示,采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料,介质层5为空气(n0=1),偏置磁场大小为900Oe,介质层的厚度w=5mm,第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与波导之间的距离为w1=5mm,圆环的内圆弧半径r=30mm,器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和
介质的介电常数ε1,ε2和磁导率[μ1],μ2所决定,工作频率为f=6GHz,YIG材料损耗系数α=3×10-4,拐弯角度为90度。第一磁光材料3处的磁场为垂直纸面向外,而第二磁光材料4处的磁场为垂直纸面向里。当光波从端口1输入时,同时在两个磁光材料和介质界面产生单向正向传输的磁表面波,最后从端口2输出;当光波从端口2输入时,由于磁表面波的非互易性导致光波无法在器件里面反向传输,从而无法从端口1输出,光能量已全部在端口2处被阻挡。同时可以看到,光波能很好地被局限在拐弯波导中,损耗值非常低。It can be seen that if a three-layer structure of magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material is used, and a static magnetic field in the opposite direction is added at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4, an effective one-way is formed. waveguide. And due to the characteristics of the surface acoustic wave (SMP), the curved waveguide will theoretically have no loss due to the curved structure. As shown in Fig. 2, yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, the dielectric layer 5 is air (n 0 =1), the bias magnetic field is 900 Oe, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is w=5 mm. The distance between the absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8 and the fourth absorbing layer 9 and the waveguide respectively is w 1 = 5 mm, and the radius of the inner arc of the ring is r = 30 mm. The operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ε 1 , ε 2 and the magnetic permeability [μ 1 ], μ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium. The operating frequency is f = 6 GHz, and the YIG material loss coefficient α = 3 × 10 -4 , the turning angle is 90 degrees. The magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material 3 faces the vertical paper, and the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material 4 faces the vertical paper. When the light wave is input from the port 1, the magnetic surface wave of the unidirectional forward transmission is generated at the interface between the two magneto-optical materials and the medium at the same time, and finally outputted from the port 2; when the light wave is input from the port 2, due to the non-mutual wave of the magnetic surface wave Ease of light causes the light wave to be reversed in the device and cannot be output from port 1, and the light energy is completely blocked at port 2. At the same time, it can be seen that the light wave can be well confined to the curved waveguide, and the loss value is very low.
本发明无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导具有磁光材料-介质-磁光材料的三层结构特征,其结构尺寸和参数,例如圆环的内圆弧半径r和介质层厚度w可灵活地根据工作波长和实际需求进行选择。改变尺寸对器件性能没有大的影响。The invention discloses a three-layer structure characteristic of a magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material, and a structural dimension and a parameter thereof, for example, an inner arc radius of a ring, a non-leakage low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide r and the dielectric layer thickness w can be flexibly selected according to the working wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
下面结合附图给出四个实施例,在实施例中采用钇铁石榴石(YIG)作为磁各向异性材料,偏置磁场大小为900Oe,介质层5为空气(n0=1),介质层5的厚度w=5mm,第一吸波层6、第二吸波层7、第三吸波层8和第四吸波层9均分别与波导之间的距离为w1=5mm,圆环的内圆弧半径r=30mm,YIG材料损耗系数α=3×10-4,器件的工作频率f由磁光材料和介质的介电常数ε1,ε2和磁导率[μ1],μ2所决定。Four embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment, YAG is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, the bias magnetic field is 900 Oe, and the dielectric layer 5 is air (n 0 =1). The thickness of the layer 5 is w=5 mm, and the distance between the first absorbing layer 6, the second absorbing layer 7, the third absorbing layer 8, and the fourth absorbing layer 9 and the waveguide is respectively w 1 = 5 mm, a circle The inner arc radius of the ring is r=30mm, the YIG material loss coefficient α=3×10 -4 , the operating frequency f of the device is the dielectric constant ε 1 , ε 2 and magnetic permeability [μ 1 ] of the magneto-optical material and the medium. , μ 2 is determined.
实施例1Example 1
参照图1(b),单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成,拐弯角度为45度。在工作频段内,从端口1输入的光波将在器件内部产生磁表
面波,进而通过器件从端口2输出;而从端口2输入的光波将被器件所阻挡,无法从端口1输出。参照图3,单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围是4.99GHz~7.29GHz。在工作频率范围内,考虑材料损耗,单向拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为23.215dB,正向传输***损耗为0.0228dB。Referring to Fig. 1(b), the one-way cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide with a turning angle of 45 degrees. In the working frequency band, the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic meter inside the device.
The surface wave, which in turn is output from port 2 through the device, and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1. Referring to Figure 3, the unidirectional cornering waveguide has an operating frequency range of 4.99 GHz to 7.29 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the unidirectional turning waveguide achieves a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 23.215 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0228 dB.
实施例2Example 2
参照图1(d)和(i),单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成,拐弯角度为90度。在工作频段内,从端口1输入的光波将在器件内部产生磁表面波,进而通过器件从端口2输出;而从端口2输入的光波将被器件所阻挡,无法从端口1输出。参照图4,单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围是5.04GHz~7.44GHz。在工作频率范围内,考虑材料损耗,单向拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为25.513dB,正向传输***损耗为0.0123dB。Referring to Figures 1(d) and (i), the unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide having a turning angle of 90 degrees. In the operating band, the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic surface wave inside the device, which is then output from port 2 through the device; and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1. Referring to Figure 4, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional cornering waveguide is 5.04 GHz to 7.44 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the one-way cornering waveguide achieves a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 25.513 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0123 dB.
实施例3Example 3
参照图1(f),单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成,拐弯角度为135度。在工作频段内,从端口1输入的光波将在器件内部产生磁表面波,进而通过器件从端口2输出;而从端口2输入的光波将被器件所阻挡,无法从端口1输出。参照图5,单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围是5.05GHz~7.41GHz。在工作频率范围内,考虑材料损耗,单向拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为23.372dB,正向传输***损耗为0.0200dB。Referring to Fig. 1(f), the one-way cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide with a turning angle of 135 degrees. In the operating band, the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic surface wave inside the device, which is then output from port 2 through the device; and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1. Referring to Figure 5, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional cornering waveguide is 5.05 GHz to 7.41 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the one-way cornering waveguide achieves a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 23.372 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0200 dB.
实施例4
Example 4
参照图1(h),单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成,拐弯角度为180度。在工作频段内,从端口1输入的光波将在器件内部产生磁表面波,进而通过器件从端口2输出;而从端口2输入的光波将被器件所阻挡,无法从端口1输出。参照图6,单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围是4.99GHz~7.33GHz。在工作频率范围内,考虑材料损耗,单向拐弯波导最高达到正反向传输隔离度为27.545dB,正向传输***损耗为0.00765dB。Referring to Fig. 1(h), the one-way cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide with a turning angle of 180 degrees. In the operating band, the light wave input from port 1 will generate a magnetic surface wave inside the device, which is then output from port 2 through the device; and the light wave input from port 2 will be blocked by the device and cannot be output from port 1. Referring to Figure 6, the unidirectional cornering waveguide has an operating frequency range of 4.99 GHz to 7.33 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the one-way cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 27.545 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.00765 dB.
由图3、图4、图5和图6不同拐弯角度的磁光空隙磁表面快模单向拐弯波导的传输效率曲线图可以得到磁光空隙拐弯波导所传输磁表面快波的光频率范围,即单向拐弯波导的工作频率范围。从结果可知,本发明低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导是能够有效工作的。The transmission efficiency curve of the magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide with different turning angles of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 can obtain the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave transmitted by the magneto-optical air-bending waveguide. That is, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional turning waveguide. It can be seen from the results that the low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way corner waveguide of the present invention can work effectively.
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处,不应当理解为对本发明限制。
The invention described above is susceptible to modifications of the specific embodiments and applications, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
- 一种无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于,它包括一个光输入端口(1)、一个光输出端口(2)、两个磁光材料层(3、4)、一个介质层(5)、四个吸波层(6)、(7)、(8)和(9)以及两个相反方向的偏置磁场;所述磁光材料层(3、4)和介质层(5)为一个三层结构光波导,所述三层结构为任意角度弯曲形,在所述磁光材料层(3、4)处设置有两个方向相反的偏置磁场;所述磁光材料层(3、4)间的空隙为介质层(5),所述单向拐弯波导的端口(1)为光输入端口,其端口(2)为光输出端口;所述介质层(5)在波导弯曲部分为圆环形状;所述磁光材料层(3、4)与介质层(5)的表面处为磁表面快波。A leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional turning waveguide, characterized in that it comprises an optical input port (1), a light output port (2), and two magneto-optical material layers ( 3, 4), a dielectric layer (5), four absorbing layers (6), (7), (8) and (9) and two opposite bias magnetic fields; the magneto-optical material layer (3) 4) and the dielectric layer (5) is a three-layer structure optical waveguide, the three-layer structure is curved at an arbitrary angle, and two opposite directions are disposed at the magneto-optical material layer (3, 4) a magnetic field; a gap between the layers of magneto-optical material (3, 4) is a dielectric layer (5), a port (1) of the unidirectional curved waveguide is an optical input port, and a port (2) is a light output port; The dielectric layer (5) is annular in shape at the curved portion of the waveguide; the surface of the magneto-optical material (3, 4) and the surface of the dielectric layer (5) are magnetic surface fast waves.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于,光二极管和隔离器由磁光材料层(3、4)以及介质层(5)构成。The leak-free low-loss magneto-optical-void magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional turning waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the photodiode and the isolator are composed of a layer of magneto-optical material (3, 4) and a dielectric layer (5) ) constitutes.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于,所述磁光材料为磁光玻璃或者各种稀土元素掺杂的石榴石和稀土-过渡金属合金薄膜等材料。The non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth doped garnets and rare earths. - Materials such as transition metal alloy films.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于,所述磁光材料层(3、4)和介质层(5)通过任意角度弯曲形与光输入端口(1)和光输出端口(2)连接。A non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said magneto-optical material layer (3, 4) and dielectric layer (5) pass any angle The curved shape is connected to the optical input port (1) and the optical output port (2).
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导其特征在于:所述介质层(5)为真空、空气、二 氧化硅或工作波透明的塑料。The non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way corner waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer (5) is vacuum, air, and two Silicon oxide or working wave transparent plastic.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于,所述三层结构为平直结构。The leak-free low-loss magneto-optical-void magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional turning waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the three-layer structure is a flat structure.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于,所述任意角度弯曲形为30度拐弯形状、45度拐弯形状、60度拐弯形状、90度拐弯形状、120度拐弯形状、135度拐弯形状、150度拐弯形状或180度拐弯形状。The leak-free low-loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary-angle one-way cornering waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the arbitrary angle curved shape is a 30-degree curved shape, a 45-degree curved shape, and a 60-degree curved shape. Shape, 90 degree turn shape, 120 degree turn shape, 135 degree turn shape, 150 degree turn shape or 180 degree turn shape.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于:所述吸波层(6)、(7)、(8)和(9)为相同或不同的吸波材料;所述吸波材料为聚氨酯、石墨、石墨烯、炭黑、碳纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨热塑性材料混合体、硼纤维环氧树脂混合体、石墨纤维环氧树脂混合体、环氧聚硫、硅橡胶、尿烷、氟弹性体、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚芳砜或者聚乙烯亚胺。A leak-free low-loss magneto-optical-void magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional turning waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said absorbing layers (6), (7), (8) and (9) The same or different absorbing materials; the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy Resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyarylsulfone or polyethyleneimine.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于:所述吸波层(6)、(7)、(8)和(9)均分别与所述平直波导表面的距离为1/4至1/2波长;所述吸波层(6)、(7)、(8)和(9)的厚度均分别不小于1/4波长。A leak-free low-loss magneto-optical-void magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary-angle unidirectional turning waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said absorbing layers (6), (7), (8) and (9) The distance from the surface of the flat waveguide is 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength, respectively; the thickness of the absorbing layers (6), (7), (8) and (9) are not less than 1/4 respectively. wavelength.
- 按照权利要求1所述的无泄漏低损型磁光空隙磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导,其特征在于:所述偏置磁场由电磁铁或永久磁铁产生;所述单向拐弯波导由磁光空隙波导构成;所述单向拐弯波导的工作模式为TE模式。 A non-leakage low loss type magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way cornering waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet; said one-way turning waveguide is The magneto-optical gap waveguide is configured; the working mode of the one-way corner waveguide is TE mode.
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CN114236201A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江大学 | Frequency-reconfigurable full-angle perfect-matching wave-absorbing darkroom |
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