WO2018039898A1 - 无线电发射机及其小型化的定向耦合器 - Google Patents

无线电发射机及其小型化的定向耦合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018039898A1
WO2018039898A1 PCT/CN2016/097276 CN2016097276W WO2018039898A1 WO 2018039898 A1 WO2018039898 A1 WO 2018039898A1 CN 2016097276 W CN2016097276 W CN 2016097276W WO 2018039898 A1 WO2018039898 A1 WO 2018039898A1
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Prior art keywords
microstrip line
directional coupler
main transmission
circuit board
transmission microstrip
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PCT/CN2016/097276
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张静磊
张刚建
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海能达通信股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/097276 priority Critical patent/WO2018039898A1/zh
Publication of WO2018039898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018039898A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers

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  • the present invention relates to a communication device, and more particularly to a directional coupler for a wireless transmission device.
  • directional couplers are a very important device that is often used at the output of power amplifiers for power detection and standing wave detection.
  • a prior art directional coupler 30a uses a bilaterally coupled microstrip line to implement forward power coupling and reverse power coupling, respectively.
  • the directional coupler 30a generally includes a main transmission microstrip line 1a having an input end 11a and an output end 12a, a forward coupled microstrip line 2a having an output end 21a and a load end 22a, and a reverse coupled microstrip line 3a There are an output end 31a and a load end 32a; and two matching loads 4a, 5a are respectively connected to the load terminals 22a, 32a, and each of the matching loads 4a, 5a is composed of four components.
  • the main transmission microstrip line 1a, the forward coupled microstrip line 2a, and the reverse coupled microstrip line 3a are disposed on the same surface of the circuit board, and the components for matching the loads 4a, 5a are mounted.
  • each of the coupled microstrip lines 2a, 3a has a long length, is in principle a quarter wavelength of a required operating frequency, and has a large occupied area; and, the coupled microstrip line 2a,
  • the load terminals 22a, 32a of 3a are connected to the matching loads 4a, 5a, so that the number of constituent devices of the entire directional coupler 30a is large; the physical size of the directional coupler 30a is relatively large, and the miniaturization of the product is not easy.
  • the invention provides a miniaturized directional coupler, comprising a circuit board and a main transmission microstrip line disposed on the circuit board, and forward coupled microstrip lines and opposite couplings respectively located on opposite sides of the main transmission microstrip line a microstrip line
  • the circuit board is a circuit board having at least three metal layers
  • the main transmission microstrip line, the forward coupled microstrip line and the reverse coupled microstrip line are disposed on a surface metal layer of the circuit board
  • the forward coupled microstrip line has an intermediate connection end corresponding to an output end of the main transmission microstrip line, the reverse coupled microstrip line having an intermediate connection end corresponding to an input end of the main transmission microstrip line
  • the directional coupler further includes an auxiliary transmission microstrip line for connecting an intermediate connection end of the forward coupled microstrip line to an intermediate connection end of the reverse coupled microstrip line, wherein the auxiliary transmission microstrip line At least one metal layer for grounding is spaced between the main transmission microstrip lines.
  • the intermediate connection end of the forward coupled microstrip line is connected to one end of the auxiliary microstrip transmission line through a via; the intermediate connection end of the reverse coupled microstrip line passes through the via and the auxiliary microstrip transmission line The other end is connected.
  • the auxiliary transmission microstrip line is disposed on another metal layer opposite to the main transmission microstrip line On the surface metal layer.
  • the auxiliary transmission microstrip line is Z-shaped with a body parallel to the main transmission microstrip line and two connection segments perpendicular to the body at the ends of the body.
  • the portion of the metal layer surrounding the auxiliary transmission microstrip line is grounded.
  • the width of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line is related to the set impedance.
  • the width of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line is greater than the width of the forward coupled microstrip line/the reverse coupled microstrip line and less than the width of the main transmission microstrip line.
  • the directional coupler is adapted for frequencies not exceeding 1 GHz.
  • the directional coupler is adapted for a frequency range of 136-174 MHz.
  • the invention also proposes a radio transmitter comprising a power amplifier and a directional coupler coupled to the output of the power amplifier, the directional coupler being a miniaturized directional coupler as described above.
  • the miniaturized directional coupler of the present invention connects the intermediate connection end of the forward coupled microstrip line with the intermediate connection end of the reverse coupled microstrip line by subtly setting the auxiliary transmission microstrip line, and makes the auxiliary At least one metal layer for grounding is disposed between the transmission microstrip line and the main transmission microstrip line as a reference ground for the auxiliary transmission microstrip line and the transmission microstrip line, and the forward coupled microstrip line can be shortened/ The length of the reverse-coupled microstrip line, and the elimination of two matching loads, can reduce the board footprint, improve the isolation and directionality indicators, and thus facilitate product miniaturization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical principle illustrating the circuit structure of a prior art directional coupler.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of the directional coupler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circuit board illustrating the implementation of the directional coupler of the present invention on a circuit board.
  • Figure 4 is an electrical block diagram showing the circuit configuration of the radio transmitter of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit illustrating the circuit configuration of the directional coupler of the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circuit board illustrating the implementation of the directional coupler of the present invention on a circuit board.
  • Figure 4 is an electrical block diagram showing the circuit configuration of the radio transmitter of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a radio transmitter comprising a power amplifier 10 and a directional coupler 30 coupled to the output of the power amplifier 10 for detecting output power and load matching of the power amplifier 10.
  • the detected output power can be used for power control; the detected load matching condition can be used for standing wave protection.
  • the power amplifier 10 can be appropriately reduced.
  • the output power is used to protect the power amplifier 10 from damage.
  • the miniaturized directional coupler 30 of the present invention generally comprises: a circuit board 9 which is a circuit board having at least three metal layers; and a main transmission microstrip disposed on a surface metal layer of the circuit board 9. a line 1 and a forward coupled microstrip line 2 and a reverse coupled microstrip line 3 respectively located on both sides of the main transmission microstrip line 1; and an auxiliary transmission microstrip disposed on the other surface metal layer of the circuit board 9 a line 6 for connecting the forward coupled microstrip line 2 to the reverse coupled microstrip line 3, wherein at least one of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 and the main transmission microstrip line 1 are spaced apart
  • the metal layer 93 is grounded.
  • the circuit board 9 has three metal layers.
  • the metal layer of the top surface is provided with a main transmission microstrip line 1
  • the metal layer of the bottom surface is provided with an auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 .
  • the metal layer 93 is sandwiched between the first dielectric layer 91 and the second dielectric layer 92 .
  • the circuit board 9 can be 4 layers, 6 layers, 8 layers, and the like.
  • the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 does not have to be disposed on the surface metal layer of the circuit board 9, and may be disposed on the intermediate metal layer.
  • One end of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 is an isolated end (corresponding to the output end 21a of the aforementioned forward coupled microstrip line 2a) 21, and the other end is an intermediate corresponding to the output end 12 of the main transmission microstrip line 1.
  • the connection end (corresponding to the load end 22a of the aforementioned forward coupled microstrip line 2a) 22 is provided.
  • the intermediate connection end 22 is connected to one end of the auxiliary microstrip transmission line 6 via a via 95; one end of the reverse coupled microstrip line 3 is a coupling end (corresponding to the output end 31a of the reverse coupled microstrip line 3a) 31 The other end is an intermediate connection end (corresponding to the load end 32a of the reverse coupled microstrip line 3a) 32 corresponding to the input end 11 of the main transmission microstrip line 1.
  • the intermediate connection end 32 is connected to the other end of the auxiliary microstrip transmission line 6 via a via 94.
  • the auxiliary transmission microstrip 6 is z-shaped with a main body 61 parallel to the main transmission microstrip line 1 and two connecting sections 62, 63 perpendicular to the main body 61 at both ends of the main body 61.
  • the portion of the metal layer surrounding the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 is grounded. It is worth mentioning that the arrangement of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 of the present invention is equivalent to simultaneously increasing the length of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 and the reverse coupled microstrip line 3, which is advantageous for reducing the directional coupling.
  • the board footprint of the device 30 is equivalent to simultaneously increasing the length of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 and the reverse coupled microstrip line 3, which is advantageous for reducing the directional coupling.
  • the main transmission microstrip line 1 is a 50 ohm impedance line whose line width is determined according to the power capacity.
  • the width of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 and the reverse coupled microstrip line 3 and its distance from the main transmission microstrip line 1 are determined according to the degree of coupling.
  • the width of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 is related to the set impedance. There is no constraint in the spatial arrangement of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 and the main transmission microstrip line 1.
  • the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 has a design impedance of 50 ohms.
  • the width of the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 is greater than the width of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 / the reverse coupled microstrip line 3 and is smaller than the width of the main transmission microstrip line 1.
  • the directional coupler 30 is adapted for a frequency range of 136-174 MHz. In other applications, the directional coupler 30 is suitable for frequencies not exceeding 1 GHz.
  • the technical index of the miniaturized directional coupler 30 of the present invention and the existing directional coupler 30a is shown in the following table.
  • the present invention has significant improvement in isolation and directionality indicators, and the isolation and directionality indicators are key indicators for measuring the performance of the directional coupler.
  • the miniaturized directional coupler 30 of the present invention connects the intermediate connection end 22 of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 to the intermediate connection end 32 of the reverse coupled microstrip line 3 by subtly setting the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6. And at least one metal layer 93 for grounding between the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 and the main transmission microstrip line 1 as a reference for the auxiliary transmission microstrip line 6 and the main transmission microstrip line 1
  • the length of the forward coupled microstrip line 2 and the reverse coupled microstrip line 3 can be shortened, and two matching loads can be omitted, which can reduce the board occupation area (the directional coupler 30 of the present invention occupies The board area is only 55% of the board area occupied by the prior art directional coupler 30a, and the isolation and directionality indicators can be improved, thereby facilitating miniaturization of the product.

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Abstract

一种小型化的定向耦合器，包括电路板和布设在该电路板上的主传输微带线以及分别位于该主传输微带线两侧的前向耦合微带线与反向耦合微带线，该电路板为至少具有三个金属层的电路板；该主传输微带线、前向耦合微带线和反向耦合微带线布设在该电路板的一表面金属层上；该前向耦合微带线具有与该主传输微带线的输出端相对应的中间连接端，该反向耦合微带线具有与该主传输微带线的输入端相对应的中间连接端；该定向耦合器还包括辅助传输微带线，用于将所述两个中间连接端连接起来，其中，该辅助传输微带线与该主传输微带线之间至少间隔有一个用于接地的金属层。既可以减小电路板占用面积，还能够改善隔离度和方向性指标，从而易于产品的小型化。

Description

无线电发射机及其小型化的定向耦合器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种通信设备，特别涉及一种无线发射设备的定向耦合器。
背景技术
在通信***中，定向耦合器是一种非常重要的器件，常被用于功率放大器的输出端来做功率检测和驻波检测。如图1所示，现有的一种定向耦合器30a，是采用双边耦合微带线分别实现前向功率耦合和反向功率耦合。该定向耦合器30a大致包括：主传输微带线1a，其具有输入端11a和输出端12a；前向耦合微带线2a，其具有输出端21a和负载端22a；反向耦合微带线3a，其具有输出端31a和负载端32a；以及两个匹配负载4a、5a，分别与负载端22a、32a相连，每个匹配负载4a、5a由四个元器件构成。在实际的电路板上实现时，主传输微带线1a、前向耦合微带线2a及反向耦合微带线3a是布设在电路板的同一表面，匹配负载4a、5a的构成器件装设在电路板的另一表面。这种的定向耦合器结构，由于每一条耦合微带线2a、3a的长度较长，原则上是所需工作频率的四分之一波长，占用面积较大；并且，耦合微带线2a、3a的负载端22a、32a接有匹配负载4a、5a，以致于整个定向耦合器30a的构成器件数量较大；导致定向耦合器30a的物理尺寸比较大，不易于产品的小型化设计。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于提供一种能够易于产品的小型化的定向耦合器结构。
本发明提出一种小型化的定向耦合器，包括电路板和布设在该电路板上的主传输微带线以及分别位于该主传输微带线两侧的前向耦合微带线与反向耦合微带线，该电路板为至少具有三个金属层的电路板；该主传输微带线、前向耦合微带线和反向耦合微带线布设在该电路板的一表面金属层上；该前向耦合微带线具有与该主传输微带线的输出端相对应的中间连接端，该反向耦合微带线具有与该主传输微带线的输入端相对应的中间连接端；该定向耦合器还包括辅助传输微带线，用于将该前向耦合微带线的中间连接端与该反向耦合微带线的中间连接端连接起来，其中，该辅助传输微带线与该主传输微带线之间至少间隔有一个用于接地的金属层。
在一些实施例中，该前向耦合微带线的中间连接端通过过孔与该辅助微带传输线的一端相连；该反向耦合微带线的中间连接端通过过孔与该辅助微带传输线的另一端相连。
在一些实施例中，该辅助传输微带线布设在与该主传输微带线所在金属层相对的另一 表面金属层上。
在一些实施例中，该辅助传输微带线呈Z形，具有平行于该主传输微带线的主体和位于该主体两端的两个垂直于该主体的连接段。
在一些实施例中，该辅助传输微带线的周围的金属层部份是接地的。
在一些实施例中，该辅助传输微带线的宽度与设定的阻抗相关。
在一些实施例中，该辅助传输微带线的宽度大于该前向耦合微带线/该反向耦合微带线的宽度，并小于该主传输微带线的宽度。
在一些实施例中，该定向耦合器适用的频率不超过1GHz。
在一些实施例中，该定向耦合器适用的频率范围为136-174MHz。
本发明还提出一种无线电发射机，包括功率放大器和与该功率放大器的输出端相连的定向耦合器，该定向耦合器为如上所述的小型化的定向耦合器。
本发明小型化的定向耦合器通过巧妙地在设置辅助传输微带线来将该前向耦合微带线的中间连接端与该反向耦合微带线的中间连接端连接起来，并且使该辅助传输微带线与该主传输微带线之间至少间隔有一个用于接地的金属层，以作为辅助传输微带线与传输微带线的参考地，可以缩短该前向耦合微带线/该反向耦合微带线的长度，并省去两个匹配负载，既可以减小电路板占用面积，还能够改善隔离度和方向性指标，从而易于产品的小型化。
附图说明
本发明实施方式的前述及其他的特征及功效，将于参照附图的较佳实施例详细说明中清楚地呈现，其中：
图1是一电原理示意图，说明现有的定向耦合器的电路结构。
图2是一电原理示意图，说明本发明的定向耦合器的电路结构。
图3是一电路板的剖面结构示意图，说明本发明的定向耦合器在电路板上的实现。
图4是一电原理框图，说明本发明的无线电发射机的电路结构。
其中，附图标记说明如下：现有技术30a定向耦合器1a主传输微带线2a前向耦合微带线3a反向耦合微带线4a、5a匹配负载11a输入端12a输出端21a、31a输出端22a、32a负载端；本发明10功率放大器30定向耦合器1主传输微带线2前向耦合微带线3反向耦合微带线6辅助传输微带线11输入端12输出端21耦合端31隔离端22、32中间连接端61主体62、63连接段9电路板91第一介质层92第二介质层93中间金属层94、95过孔。
具体实施方式
参阅图2至图4，图2是一电原理示意图，说明本发明的定向耦合器的电路结构。图3是一电路板的剖面结构示意图，说明本发明的定向耦合器在电路板上的实现。图4是一电原理框图，说明本发明的无线电发射机的电路结构。本发明提出一种无线电发射机，其包括功率放大器10和与该功率放大器10的输出端相连的定向耦合器30，该定向耦合器30用于检测功率放大器10的输出功率和负载匹配情况。其中，检测到的输出功率可以用来进行功率控制；检测到的负载匹配情况可以用来做驻波保护，当由于外界条件变化引起功率放大器10的负载不匹配时，可以适当降低功率放大器10的输出功率，以保护功率放大器10不被损坏。
本发明的小型化的定向耦合器30，大致包括：电路板9，该电路板9为至少具有三个金属层的电路板；布设在该电路板9的一表面金属层上的主传输微带线1以及分别位于该主传输微带线1两侧的前向耦合微带线2与反向耦合微带线3；以及布设在该电路板9的另一表面金属层上的辅助传输微带线6，用于将该前向耦合微带线2与该反向耦合微带线3连接起来，其中，该辅助传输微带线6与该主传输微带线1之间至少间隔有一个用于接地的金属层93。
在本实施例中，该电路板9具有三个金属层。其中，顶面的金属层布设有主传输微带线1，底面的金属层布设有辅助传输微带线6，金属层93是夹设在第一介质层91与第二介质层92之间的。在其他实施例中，该电路板9可以是4层、6层、8层等。该辅助传输微带线6不必布设在电路板9的表面金属层上，可以布设在中间金属层上。
该前向耦合微带线2的一端为隔离端(与前述前向耦合微带线2a的输出端21a对应)21、另一端为与该主传输微带线1的输出端12相对应的中间连接端(与前述前向耦合微带线2a的负载端22a对应)22。该中间连接端22通过过孔95与该辅助微带传输线6的一端相连；该反向耦合微带线3的一端为耦合端(与前述反向耦合微带线3a的输出端31a对应)31、另一端为与该主传输微带线1的输入端11相对应的中间连接端(与前述反向耦合微带线3a的负载端32a对应)32。该中间连接端32通过过孔94与该辅助微带传输线6的另一端相连。该辅助传输微带6线呈Z形，具有平行于该主传输微带线1的主体61和位于该主体61两端的两个垂直于该主体61的连接段62、63。较佳地，该辅助传输微带线6的周围的金属层部份是接地的。值得一提的是，本发明的这种辅助传输微带线6的设置方式，相当于同时增加了前向耦合微带线2与该反向耦合微带线3的长度，有利于缩小定向耦合器30的电路板占用面积。
该主传输微带线1是一条50欧姆的阻抗线，其线宽根据功率容量来定。该前向耦合微带线2及该反向耦合微带线3的宽度及其与该主传输微带线1距离根据耦合度来确定。该辅助传输微带线6的宽度与设定的阻抗相关。该辅助传输微带线6与该主传输微带线1在空间的布置不存在约束条件。在本实施例中，该辅助传输微带线6的设计阻抗为50欧姆。该辅助传输微带线6的宽度大于该前向耦合微带线2/该反向耦合微带线3的宽度，并小于该主传输微带线1的宽度。较佳地，该定向耦合器30适用的频率范围为136-174MHz。在其他应用中，该定向耦合器30适用的频率不超过1GHz。
本发明小型化的定向耦合器30与现有的定向耦合器30a的技术指标比对见下表。
Figure PCTCN2016097276-appb-000001
可见，本发明在隔离度和方向性指标上均有明显改善，而隔离度和方向性指标是衡量定向耦合器性能好坏的关键指标。
本发明小型化的定向耦合器30通过巧妙地在设置辅助传输微带线6来将该前向耦合微带线2的中间连接端22与该反向耦合微带线3的中间连接端32连接起来，并且使该辅助传输微带线6与该主传输微带线1之间至少间隔有一个用于接地的金属层93，以作为辅助传输微带线6与主传输微带线1的参考地，可以缩短该前向耦合微带线2及该反向耦合微带线3的长度，并省去两个匹配负载，既可以减小电路板占用面积(本发明的定向耦合器30占用的电路板面积仅为现有技术的定向耦合器30a占用的电路板面积的55％)，还能够改善隔离度和方向性指标，从而易于产品的小型化。
然而以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明的范围，即凡依本发明权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰，皆仍属本发明的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种小型化的定向耦合器，包括电路板和布设在该电路板上的主传输微带线以及分别位于该主传输微带线两侧的前向耦合微带线与反向耦合微带线，其特征在于，该电路板为至少具有三个金属层的电路板；该主传输微带线、前向耦合微带线和反向耦合微带线布设在该电路板的一表面金属层上；该前向耦合微带线具有与该主传输微带线的输出端相对应的中间连接端，该反向耦合微带线具有与该主传输微带线的输入端相对应的中间连接端；该定向耦合器还包括辅助传输微带线，用于将该前向耦合微带线的中间连接端与该反向耦合微带线的中间连接端连接起来，其中，该辅助传输微带线与该主传输微带线之间至少间隔有一个用于接地的金属层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该前向耦合微带线的中间连接端通过过孔与该辅助微带传输线的一端相连；该反向耦合微带线的中间连接端通过过孔与该辅助微带传输线的另一端相连。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该辅助传输微带线布设在与该主传输微带线所在金属层相对的另一表面金属层上。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该辅助传输微带线呈Z形，具有平行于该主传输微带线的主体和位于该主体两端的两个垂直于该主体的连接段。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该辅助传输微带线的周围的金属层部份是接地的。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该辅助传输微带线的宽度与设定的阻抗相关。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该辅助传输微带线的宽度大于该前向耦合微带线/该反向耦合微带线的宽度，并小于该主传输微带线的宽度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该定向耦合器适用的频率不超过1GHz。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的小型化的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该定向耦合器适用的频率范围为136-174MHz。
  10. 一种无线电发射机，包括功率放大器和与该功率放大器的输出端相连的定向耦合器，其特征在于，该定向耦合器为如权利要求1至9任一项所述的小型化的定向耦合器。
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