WO2018032482A1 - Air supply system and method used for high-rise building - Google Patents
Air supply system and method used for high-rise building Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018032482A1 WO2018032482A1 PCT/CN2016/095936 CN2016095936W WO2018032482A1 WO 2018032482 A1 WO2018032482 A1 WO 2018032482A1 CN 2016095936 W CN2016095936 W CN 2016095936W WO 2018032482 A1 WO2018032482 A1 WO 2018032482A1
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- air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of fire safety, and in particular relates to a ventilation system and method applied to a high-rise building.
- This "relatively safe space” is a smoke-proof stairwell.
- the smoke-proof stairwell is a stairwell used to evacuate smoke from entering the stairwell during a fire. Therefore, the smoke prevention of the stairwell and its front room is the core of smoke prevention and control of high-rise buildings.
- the main problem with the installation of mechanically pressurized air and smoke prevention facilities is that the smoke prevention stairs
- the specifications of the air supply openings on each floor of the room are the same, resulting in a large difference in the air volume of each air supply port.
- the problem is that the imbalance of the supply air pressure causes the individual parts to open into the stairwell due to excessive pressure. Closed fire doors are difficult, and the residual pressure of individual parts is insufficient to achieve the effect of preventing smoke.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation system and method for applying to a high-rise building, which realizes equal air output of each air supply opening, ensures uniform pressure of the entire smoke prevention stairwell, and can block any air supply with less air supply volume.
- the flue gas on the floor enters and can avoid the difficulty of opening the evacuation door due to overpressure in some parts.
- the air supply system provided by the invention is suitable for a high-rise building, which has a plurality of layers, each floor is provided with a stairwell, and the layers are connected by stairwells.
- the air supply system includes a plurality of air supply openings, and the air supply ports are equally spaced at different stairwells to supply air to the corresponding stairwells, wherein the air supply ports have different areas.
- the air supply system further comprises a supply well and a fan, wherein each air supply port is connected with the air supply well, and the air supply well is connected with the fan.
- each of the air blowing ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n in the order of position, wherein the area ⁇ i of the i-th air supply opening is:
- A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole
- ⁇ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole
- ⁇ represents the flow coefficient
- l represents the length of the blower
- d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower
- Q 0 represents the input of the blower.
- the air volume of the wind well n represents the total number of air vents.
- the fan is located at the top of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top.
- the fan is located at the lower part of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from top to bottom.
- one air supply port is provided for each k layer, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
- the invention also provides a method for applying air to a high-rise building, the method comprising:
- a plurality of air supply openings are arranged at equal intervals in a plurality of stairwells, wherein the areas of the respective air supply openings are different, so that the air supply amounts of the respective air supply ports are the same;
- the plurality of air blowing ports are used to supply air to the corresponding stairwells with the same air supply amount.
- each air supply port is connected to one air supply well, and a fan is used to supply air to the air supply well, so that the plurality of air supply ports supply air to the corresponding stairwell.
- each of the air blowing ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n in the order of position, wherein the area ⁇ i of the i-th air supply opening is:
- A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole
- ⁇ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole
- ⁇ represents the flow coefficient
- l represents the length of the blower
- d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower
- Q 0 represents the input of the blower.
- the air volume of the wind well n represents the total number of air vents.
- the fan is located at the top of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top, or the fan is located at the lower part of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered from top to bottom. 1,2,3...n.
- one air supply port is provided for each k layer, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
- the invention accurately determines the size of each air supply opening, so that the air supply opening is directed to the smoke prevention building
- the air volume input by the road is the same, and the airflow is evenly sent to various parts of the smoke-proof stairwell.
- the entire smoke-proof stairwell can reach the required positive pressure value, and the design purpose of the smoke-proof stairwell is truly realized.
- a "relative safety space" is protected from high-temperature smoke during a fire, and the smoke prevention system of high-rise building fires is established in a reasonable and effective working state to reduce casualties in high-rise building fires. And property damage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an air supply system of the present invention applied to a high-rise building.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the system of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a view showing a comparison of air distributions of the air supply ports of the embodiment of the present invention and the prior art.
- the invention provides a ventilation system and a method for applying to a high-rise building.
- the high-rise building has a plurality of layers, each floor is provided with a stairwell, and each layer is connected by a stairwell, and the air supply system includes a plurality of air supply openings.
- Each of the air supply openings is provided at different stairwells at equal intervals to supply air to the corresponding stairwells, wherein the areas of the air supply openings are different.
- the invention accurately determines the size of each air supply opening, so that the air volume input to the smoke prevention corridor through the air supply openings is the same, ensuring uniform pressure of the entire smoke prevention stairwell, and can block the smoke of any floor with less air supply volume. Enter, and can avoid the difficulty of opening the evacuation door due to overpressure in some parts.
- Each of the high-rise buildings referred to in the present invention includes at least a stairwell, and each floor is connected by a stairwell.
- Each floor usually has a room, and if there is a room on one floor, there is often a door between the stairwell and the room.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is also applicable to other more complicated buildings, such as the case where a front room is provided in front of a stairwell and a room, at this time, between the stairwell and the front room, between the front room and the room. There is also a door.
- the invention can also be extended to other similar buildings as long as there are stairwells connected up and down in the building.
- the air supply system of the present invention applied to a high-rise building is as shown in FIG. 1.
- a smoke-proof stairwell and a front room are partially included, and a door is provided between the stairwell and the front room.
- the tuyées are arranged at equal intervals in the smoke-proof stairwell.
- one air supply port is provided for every two layers.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the air supply ports may be provided at larger or smaller intervals.
- Each air supply port is connected with a air supply well, and the wind can be blown from the top to the bottom or from the bottom to the top of the air supply well by the fan, and the air flow in the air supply well passes through each air supply port to realize the air supply to the corresponding smoke prevention stairwell.
- the present invention sets different areas for the air outlets at different positions. For example, if the fan is installed at the top of the building, that is, the wind is supplied from the top to the bottom of the air supply well, the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top; if the fan is installed at the bottom of the building, The wind is blown down to the air supply well, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from top to bottom.
- the invention makes the area ⁇ i of the i-th air supply opening:
- A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole
- ⁇ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole
- ⁇ represents the flow coefficient
- l represents the length of the blower
- d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower
- Q 0 represents the input of the blower.
- the air volume of the wind well n represents the total number of air vents.
- the above parameters are used to determine the area of each air supply port, so that the air supply volume of each air supply port is equal, and the uniform pressure of the entire smokeproof stairwell is ensured, and the airflow of any floor can be blocked with less air supply volume, and Avoid the difficulty of opening the evacuation door due to overpressure in some parts.
- the high-rise building includes a plurality of smoke-proof corridors 4, and the system includes a plurality of air supply ports 1, a supply well 2, and a fan 3, wherein , each of the two anti-smoke corridors 4 is provided with an air supply port 1, each of which The air supply ports 1 are equally spaced.
- the air supply well 2 is disposed on the side of the air supply opening 1 of the building perpendicular to the ground, and each of the air supply openings 1 is connected to the air supply well 2, and the wind turbine 3 is disposed at the top of the high-rise building and with the air supply well 2.
- the fan 3 is turned on, and the airflow generated by the fan 3 is sent into the air supply well 2, and then sent to the corresponding smokeproof corridor 4 through each air supply port 1.
- the high-rise building is 54m high, each floor is 3m, a total of 18 floors, correspondingly corresponding to 18 smoke-proof corridors 4, and each of the two anti-smoke corridors 4 is provided with an air supply port 1, ie There are a total of nine air outlets 1, and since the fan 3 is located at the top of the high-rise building, the nine air outlets 1 are numbered 1-9 from bottom to top.
- the length l of the air supply well 2 is equal to the height of the high-rise building, that is, 54 m
- the air volume Q 0 of the fan 3 is 39600 m 3 /h
- the cross-sectional dimension of the air supply well 2 is 1 m ⁇ 1 m, that is, The equivalent diameter d of the wind well 2 is 1 m.
- the absolute roughness is 0.004 m
- the resistance coefficient ⁇ is 0.029
- the flow coefficient ⁇ is 0.65.
- the area of each of the air supply ports 1 is as follows:
- FIG. 3 is a comparison diagram of air distributions of the air supply ports of the embodiment of the present invention and the prior art.
- the air volume of each air supply port 1 in the present embodiment is basically distributed between 4100 m 3 /h and 5000 m 3 /h. Between the reasons for the error, the project can be considered as a uniform air supply.
- the air supply amount of each air supply port 1 is from 2376 m 3 /h to 8280 m 3 /h, which is 3.5 times.
- the air supply opening with a large air supply may cause overpressure on one floor, causing escape personnel and rescue personnel to fail to open the evacuation door; and the air supply opening with a small air supply may not meet the requirements for smoke prevention.
- the pressure of the passing space changes significantly, which may cause physical discomfort.
- the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention obtains the size of each air supply port by accurately calculating, and can uniformly send the airflow sent by the fan into various parts of the smokeproof stairwell, and in a short time, make the whole
- the smoke-proof stairwell achieves the required positive pressure value and truly realizes the design purpose of the smoke-proof stairwell—a “relatively safe space” that protects against high-temperature smoke from a fire in each floor of a high-rise building.
- the smoke prevention system is established in a reasonable and effective working state to reduce casualties and property losses in high-rise building fires.
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Abstract
Provided are an air supply system and method used for a high-rise building; the high-rise building has a plurality of stories, each story being provided with a stairwell (4) and the stories being connected by means of the stairwells (4); the air supply system comprises a plurality of air supply vents (1); the air supply vents (1) are arranged at equal intervals on different stairwells (4) so as to supply air to the corresponding stairwells (4). The area of the air supply vents (1) are different, such that the air volume delivered to the passageways (4) by means of the air supply vents (1) is the same. The air supply system and its method of supplying air are such that the entire stairwell is uniformly pressurized, and use a smaller volume of air to block smoke from entering the building floors while also preventing the evacuation doors from being difficult to open at certain locations because of overpressure.
Description
本发明属于火灾安全技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用于高层建筑的送风***及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of fire safety, and in particular relates to a ventilation system and method applied to a high-rise building.
随着经济的迅速发展，高层建筑已从大中城市发展到中小城市、县镇，并且朝着大型化、高层化、多功能化的方向发展，火灾所带来的危害和严重后果也越来越大。国内外大量火灾实例统计数字表明，因火灾而伤亡的人群中，大多数是烟害所致。With the rapid development of the economy, high-rise buildings have developed from large and medium-sized cities to small and medium-sized cities, counties and towns, and are developing in the direction of large-scale, high-rise and multi-functionality. The hazards and serious consequences of fires are also coming. The bigger. Statistics on a large number of fires at home and abroad show that most of the people who have been killed or injured by fire are caused by smoke.
和低层建筑相比，高层建筑自身特点增加了其潜在火灾发生概率、损失的严重性和多样性。这些固有特性包括：较高的火灾荷载、较长的疏散时间、消防机构灭火救援通道的问题、潜在的水压问题/可用性问题、显著的烟囱效应，可能多种情况同时出现，以及它们标志性的、高度引人注目性的特点。Compared with low-rise buildings, the characteristics of high-rise buildings increase their potential fire occurrence probability, the severity and diversity of losses. These inherent characteristics include: higher fire loads, longer evacuation times, fire rescue and rescue channels, potential water pressure/availability issues, significant chimney effects, possible simultaneous occurrences of multiple conditions, and their signature Highly eye-catching features.
这就要求设计时在高层建筑的每层营造出一块火灾时免受高温烟气侵害的“相对安全空间”，为火灾时人员的疏散和扑救提供安全地带，以及阻挡火灾时烟气在垂直方向的蔓延扩大。这一“相对安全空间”就是防烟楼梯间，防烟楼梯间顾名思义就是火灾时防止烟气进入楼梯间而用来疏散的楼梯间。因此，楼梯间及其前室的防烟是高层建筑防排烟的核心。This requires a “relatively safe space” to protect the fire from the high temperature smoke on each floor of the high-rise building, providing a safe zone for evacuation and firefighting during fire, and blocking the fire in the vertical direction. The spread has expanded. This "relatively safe space" is a smoke-proof stairwell. As the name suggests, the smoke-proof stairwell is a stairwell used to evacuate smoke from entering the stairwell during a fire. Therefore, the smoke prevention of the stairwell and its front room is the core of smoke prevention and control of high-rise buildings.
防烟楼梯间的防排烟方式有三种：自然排烟、机械排烟和机械防烟。机械防烟因其防烟效果好，不受环境条件的限制。在国内外高层建筑中，防烟楼梯间和前室(合用前室)的机械加压送风防烟方式，已被普遍认为是一种行之有效的防止着火区烟气进入楼梯间和前室的方法，已被工程技术人员广泛采用。There are three ways to prevent smoke and smoke in the smoke-proof stairwell: natural smoke exhaust, mechanical smoke exhaust and mechanical smoke prevention. Mechanical smoke prevention is not restricted by environmental conditions because of its good smoke prevention effect. In high-rise buildings at home and abroad, the mechanically pressurized air supply and smoke prevention methods of the smoke-proof stairwell and the front room (combined front room) have been widely recognized as an effective way to prevent smoke from entering the stairwell and The method of the room has been widely adopted by engineers and technicians.
目前，设置机械加压送风防烟设施部位存在主要问题是，防烟楼梯
间内各楼层的送风口的规格尺寸相同，造成各个送风口风量相差太大。从而不符合规范要求的“采用均匀送风设计”、“确保各风口送风均匀”，这样带来的问题就是送风压力的不均衡导致个别部位因压力过大造成人员打开进入楼梯间的常闭式防火门困难，而个别部位余压不足，不能达到防烟的效果。At present, the main problem with the installation of mechanically pressurized air and smoke prevention facilities is that the smoke prevention stairs
The specifications of the air supply openings on each floor of the room are the same, resulting in a large difference in the air volume of each air supply port. From the non-conformity requirements of "using uniform air supply design", "ensure that all air outlets are evenly distributed", the problem is that the imbalance of the supply air pressure causes the individual parts to open into the stairwell due to excessive pressure. Closed fire doors are difficult, and the residual pressure of individual parts is insufficient to achieve the effect of preventing smoke.
发明内容Summary of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明的目的在于，提供一种应用于高层建筑的送风***及方法，实现各送风口的出风量相等，保证整个防烟楼梯间的均匀加压，可以用更少的送风量挡住任意楼层的烟气进入，并可以避免因为某些部位过压而造成疏散门的难以开启。The object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation system and method for applying to a high-rise building, which realizes equal air output of each air supply opening, ensures uniform pressure of the entire smoke prevention stairwell, and can block any air supply with less air supply volume. The flue gas on the floor enters and can avoid the difficulty of opening the evacuation door due to overpressure in some parts.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical plan
本发明提供的送风***适用于高层建筑，其具有多个层，各层设有一个楼梯间，且各层之间通过楼梯间连通。送风***包括多个送风口，各送风口等间隔地设于不同的楼梯间，以向相应的楼梯间送风，其中，各送风口的面积不同。The air supply system provided by the invention is suitable for a high-rise building, which has a plurality of layers, each floor is provided with a stairwell, and the layers are connected by stairwells. The air supply system includes a plurality of air supply openings, and the air supply ports are equally spaced at different stairwells to supply air to the corresponding stairwells, wherein the air supply ports have different areas.
优选地，送风***还包括送风井和风机，其中，各送风口均与送风井连接，该送风井与风机连接。Preferably, the air supply system further comprises a supply well and a fan, wherein each air supply port is connected with the air supply well, and the air supply well is connected with the fan.
优选地，各送风口按位置顺序编号为1，2，3...n，其中，第i个送风口的面积σi为：Preferably, each of the air blowing ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n in the order of position, wherein the area σ i of the i-th air supply opening is:
其中，A表示送风井的截面积，λ表示送风井的沿程阻力系数，μ表示流量系数，l表示送风井的长度，d表示送风井的当量直径，Q0表示风机输入送风井的风量，n表示送风口的总数。
Where A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole, λ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole, μ represents the flow coefficient, l represents the length of the blower, d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower, and Q 0 represents the input of the blower. The air volume of the wind well, n represents the total number of air vents.
优选地，风机设于高层建筑的顶部，各送风口从下往上编号为1，2，3...n。或者，风机设于高层建筑的低部，各送风口从上往下编号为1，2，3...n。Preferably, the fan is located at the top of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top. Alternatively, the fan is located at the lower part of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from top to bottom.
优选地，高层建筑中每k层设置一个送风口，k为大于等于1且小于等于3的整数。Preferably, in the high-rise building, one air supply port is provided for each k layer, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
本发明还提出一种应用于高层建筑的送风方法，方法包括：The invention also provides a method for applying air to a high-rise building, the method comprising:
S1，等间隔地设置多个送风口于多个楼梯间，其中，各个送风口的面积不同，以使得各个送风口的送风量相同；S1, a plurality of air supply openings are arranged at equal intervals in a plurality of stairwells, wherein the areas of the respective air supply openings are different, so that the air supply amounts of the respective air supply ports are the same;
S2，采用所述多个送风口以相同的送风量向相应的楼梯间送风。S2, the plurality of air blowing ports are used to supply air to the corresponding stairwells with the same air supply amount.
优选地，步骤S2中，各送风口均与一个送风井连接，采用一个风机向所述送风井送风，从而使所述多个送风口向相应的楼梯间送风。Preferably, in step S2, each air supply port is connected to one air supply well, and a fan is used to supply air to the air supply well, so that the plurality of air supply ports supply air to the corresponding stairwell.
优选地，各送风口按位置顺序编号为1，2，3...n，其中，第i个送风口的面积σi为：Preferably, each of the air blowing ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n in the order of position, wherein the area σ i of the i-th air supply opening is:
其中，A表示送风井的截面积，λ表示送风井的沿程阻力系数，μ表示流量系数，l表示送风井的长度，d表示送风井的当量直径，Q0表示风机输入送风井的风量，n表示送风口的总数。Where A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole, λ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole, μ represents the flow coefficient, l represents the length of the blower, d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower, and Q 0 represents the input of the blower. The air volume of the wind well, n represents the total number of air vents.
优选地，风机设于高层建筑的顶部，各送风口从下往上编号为1，2，3...n，或者，风机设于高层建筑的低部，各送风口从上往下编号为1，2，3...n。Preferably, the fan is located at the top of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top, or the fan is located at the lower part of the high-rise building, and the air supply ports are numbered from top to bottom. 1,2,3...n.
优选地，高层建筑中每k层设置一个送风口，k为大于等于1且小于等于3的整数。Preferably, in the high-rise building, one air supply port is provided for each k layer, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明通过精确确定各送风口的尺寸，使得通过各送风口向防烟楼
道输入的风量相同，进而令气流均匀地送入防烟楼梯间的各个部位，在短时间内，使整个防烟楼梯间达到所需正压值，真正实现防烟楼梯间的设计目的——在高层建筑的每层营造出一块火灾时免受高温烟气侵害的“相对安全空间”，将高层建筑火灾的防烟***建立在合理的、有效的工作状态，减少高层建筑火灾中的人员伤亡和财产损失。The invention accurately determines the size of each air supply opening, so that the air supply opening is directed to the smoke prevention building
The air volume input by the road is the same, and the airflow is evenly sent to various parts of the smoke-proof stairwell. In a short time, the entire smoke-proof stairwell can reach the required positive pressure value, and the design purpose of the smoke-proof stairwell is truly realized. In each floor of a high-rise building, a "relative safety space" is protected from high-temperature smoke during a fire, and the smoke prevention system of high-rise building fires is established in a reasonable and effective working state to reduce casualties in high-rise building fires. And property damage.
图1是本发明应用于高层建筑的送风***的结构示意图。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an air supply system of the present invention applied to a high-rise building.
图2是本发明的***的一个实施例的结构示意图。2 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the system of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例与现有技术的各送风口风量分布的比较图。Fig. 3 is a view showing a comparison of air distributions of the air supply ports of the embodiment of the present invention and the prior art.
本发明提供一种应用于高层建筑的送风***及方法，高层建筑具有多个层，各层设有一个楼梯间，且各层之间通过楼梯间连通，送风***包括多个送风口，各送风口等间隔地设于不同的楼梯间，以向相应的楼梯间送风，其中，各送风口的面积不同。本发明通过精确确定各送风口的尺寸，使得通过各送风口向防烟楼道输入的风量相同，保证整个防烟楼梯间的均匀加压，可以用更少的送风量挡住任意楼层的烟气进入，并可以避免因为某些部位过压而造成疏散门的难以开启。The invention provides a ventilation system and a method for applying to a high-rise building. The high-rise building has a plurality of layers, each floor is provided with a stairwell, and each layer is connected by a stairwell, and the air supply system includes a plurality of air supply openings. Each of the air supply openings is provided at different stairwells at equal intervals to supply air to the corresponding stairwells, wherein the areas of the air supply openings are different. The invention accurately determines the size of each air supply opening, so that the air volume input to the smoke prevention corridor through the air supply openings is the same, ensuring uniform pressure of the entire smoke prevention stairwell, and can block the smoke of any floor with less air supply volume. Enter, and can avoid the difficulty of opening the evacuation door due to overpressure in some parts.
本发明所指的高层建筑的每一层都至少包括楼梯间，各层通过楼梯间连通。各层通常具有房间，如果某一层有房间，则楼梯间和房间之间常设有门。但本发明并不限于此，本发明也适用于其他更复杂的建筑，例如在楼梯间和房间之前设有前室的情况，此时，楼梯间与前室之间、前室与房间之间也设有门。本发明也可扩展到其他类似的建筑中，只要该建筑中设有上下连通的楼梯间。Each of the high-rise buildings referred to in the present invention includes at least a stairwell, and each floor is connected by a stairwell. Each floor usually has a room, and if there is a room on one floor, there is often a door between the stairwell and the room. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is also applicable to other more complicated buildings, such as the case where a front room is provided in front of a stairwell and a room, at this time, between the stairwell and the front room, between the front room and the room. There is also a door. The invention can also be extended to other similar buildings as long as there are stairwells connected up and down in the building.
总体来说，本发明应用于高层建筑的送风***如图1所示，在高层建筑中局部包括防烟楼梯间与前室，楼梯间与前室之间设有门，各个送
风口等间隔地设置在防烟楼梯间，从图1可以看出，每两层设置一个送风口，当然，本发明并不限于此，也可按更大或更小的间隔设置送风口。各个送风口均与一个送风井连通，并可采用风机从上至下或从下至上向送风井送风，送风井中的气流经过各个送风口，实现向相应防烟楼梯间送风。In general, the air supply system of the present invention applied to a high-rise building is as shown in FIG. 1. In the high-rise building, a smoke-proof stairwell and a front room are partially included, and a door is provided between the stairwell and the front room.
The tuyères are arranged at equal intervals in the smoke-proof stairwell. As can be seen from Fig. 1, one air supply port is provided for every two layers. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the air supply ports may be provided at larger or smaller intervals. Each air supply port is connected with a air supply well, and the wind can be blown from the top to the bottom or from the bottom to the top of the air supply well by the fan, and the air flow in the air supply well passes through each air supply port to realize the air supply to the corresponding smoke prevention stairwell.
由于各个送风口的位置不一样，若采用相同面积的送风口向楼梯间进行送风，必然造成各个送风口的送风量不同，从而导致高层建筑个别部位因压力过大造成人员打开进入楼梯间的常闭式防火门困难，而个别部位余压不足，不能达到防烟的效果。Since the positions of the air supply ports are different, if the air supply port of the same area is used to supply air to the stairwell, the air supply volume of each air supply port will be different, which may cause the individual parts of the high-rise building to open into the stairwell due to excessive pressure. The normally closed fire door is difficult, and the residual pressure of individual parts is insufficient to achieve the effect of preventing smoke.
本发明为了使向各个送风口相应楼梯间的送风量相等，为不同位置的送风口设定不同的面积。例如，若风机设置于建筑顶部，即从上往下向送风井送风，将各送风口从下往上编号为1，2，3...n；若风机设置于建筑底部，即从下往上向送风井送风，将各送风口从上往下编号为1，2，3...n。本发明令第i个送风口的面积σi为：In order to make the air supply amount to the corresponding stairwells of the respective air outlets equal, the present invention sets different areas for the air outlets at different positions. For example, if the fan is installed at the top of the building, that is, the wind is supplied from the top to the bottom of the air supply well, the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top; if the fan is installed at the bottom of the building, The wind is blown down to the air supply well, and the air supply ports are numbered 1, 2, 3...n from top to bottom. The invention makes the area σ i of the i-th air supply opening:
其中，A表示送风井的截面积，λ表示送风井的沿程阻力系数，μ表示流量系数，l表示送风井的长度，d表示送风井的当量直径，Q0表示风机输入送风井的风量，n表示送风口的总数。Where A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole, λ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole, μ represents the flow coefficient, l represents the length of the blower, d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower, and Q 0 represents the input of the blower. The air volume of the wind well, n represents the total number of air vents.
采用上述各个参数确定各个送风口的面积，使得各个送风口的送风量相等，保证整个防烟楼梯间的均匀加压，可以用更少的送风量挡住任意楼层的烟气进入，并可以避免因为某些部位过压而造成疏散门的难以开启。The above parameters are used to determine the area of each air supply port, so that the air supply volume of each air supply port is equal, and the uniform pressure of the entire smokeproof stairwell is ensured, and the airflow of any floor can be blocked with less air supply volume, and Avoid the difficulty of opening the evacuation door due to overpressure in some parts.
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments of the invention.
图2是本发明的***的一个实施例的结构示意图，如图2所示，高层建筑包括有多个防烟楼道间4，***包括多个送风口1、送风井2和风机3，其中，每连续的两个防烟楼道间4设置一个送风口1，其各个
送风口1等间隔设置。送风井2垂直于地面设于建筑的送风口1一侧，并且，各个送风口1均与送风井2连通，风机3设于高层建筑的顶部并与送风井2。***工作时，开启风机3，风机3产生的气流送入送风井2中，再经由各个送风口1送入相应的防烟楼道间4。2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the high-rise building includes a plurality of smoke-proof corridors 4, and the system includes a plurality of air supply ports 1, a supply well 2, and a fan 3, wherein , each of the two anti-smoke corridors 4 is provided with an air supply port 1, each of which
The air supply ports 1 are equally spaced. The air supply well 2 is disposed on the side of the air supply opening 1 of the building perpendicular to the ground, and each of the air supply openings 1 is connected to the air supply well 2, and the wind turbine 3 is disposed at the top of the high-rise building and with the air supply well 2. When the system is working, the fan 3 is turned on, and the airflow generated by the fan 3 is sent into the air supply well 2, and then sent to the corresponding smokeproof corridor 4 through each air supply port 1.
具体地，该实施例中，高层建筑高54m，每层3m，共18层，相应的对应有18个防烟楼道间4，每连续的两个防烟楼道间4设置一个送风口1，即共计9个送风口1，由于风机3设于高层建筑顶部，9个送风口1从下至上编号为1-9。另外，本实施例中，送风井2的长度l与高层建筑高相等，即取54m，风机3的风量Q0为39600m3/h，送风井2的截面尺寸为1m×1m，即送风井2的当量直径d为1m，考虑送风井2的混凝土内壁，绝对粗糙度取值0.004m，沿程阻力系数λ查莫迪图取0.029，流量系数μ取0.65。根据上述的各个参数，采用如下公式确定各个送风口1的面积：Specifically, in this embodiment, the high-rise building is 54m high, each floor is 3m, a total of 18 floors, correspondingly corresponding to 18 smoke-proof corridors 4, and each of the two anti-smoke corridors 4 is provided with an air supply port 1, ie There are a total of nine air outlets 1, and since the fan 3 is located at the top of the high-rise building, the nine air outlets 1 are numbered 1-9 from bottom to top. In addition, in the present embodiment, the length l of the air supply well 2 is equal to the height of the high-rise building, that is, 54 m, the air volume Q 0 of the fan 3 is 39600 m 3 /h, and the cross-sectional dimension of the air supply well 2 is 1 m×1 m, that is, The equivalent diameter d of the wind well 2 is 1 m. Considering the inner wall of the concrete of the air supply well 2, the absolute roughness is 0.004 m, the resistance coefficient λ is 0.029, and the flow coefficient μ is 0.65. According to the above various parameters, the area of each air supply port 1 is determined by the following formula:
根据上述公式，得到各个送风口1的面积如下表所示：According to the above formula, the area of each of the air supply ports 1 is as follows:
| 送风口编号Air outlet number | 送风口面积(m2)Air outlet area (m 2 ) |
| 11 | 0.20250.2025 |
| 22 | 0.20760.2076 |
| 33 | 0.21630.2163 |
| 44 | 0.22890.2289 |
| 55 | 0.24650.2465 |
| 66 | 0.27070.2707 |
| 77 | 0.30430.3043 |
| 88 | 0.35220.3522 |
| 99 | 0.42320.4232 |
图3是本发明实施例与现有技术的各送风口风量分布的比较图，从图2可以看出，本实施例中各送风口1的风量基本分布在4100m3/h～5000m3/h之间，考虑误差原因，工程上可以认为是均匀送风。3 is a comparison diagram of air distributions of the air supply ports of the embodiment of the present invention and the prior art. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the air volume of each air supply port 1 in the present embodiment is basically distributed between 4100 m 3 /h and 5000 m 3 /h. Between the reasons for the error, the project can be considered as a uniform air supply.
而传统的送风方法，各送风口1的送风量从2376m3/h～8280m3/h，相差3.5倍。火灾时，送风量大的送风口可能导致某一楼层过压，造成
逃生人员和救援人员不能开启疏散门；而送风量小的送风口可能满足不了防烟的要求。而且逃生人员和救援人员从防烟楼梯间内在竖直方向的运动时，由于经过的空间的压强变化明显，很可能造成身体不适。In the conventional air supply method, the air supply amount of each air supply port 1 is from 2376 m 3 /h to 8280 m 3 /h, which is 3.5 times. In the event of a fire, the air supply opening with a large air supply may cause overpressure on one floor, causing escape personnel and rescue personnel to fail to open the evacuation door; and the air supply opening with a small air supply may not meet the requirements for smoke prevention. Moreover, when the escape personnel and rescuers move from the vertical direction in the smoke-proof stairwell, the pressure of the passing space changes significantly, which may cause physical discomfort.
综上所述，本发明具有以下技术效果：本发明通过精确计算得到各送风口的尺寸，能将风机送入的气流均匀地送入防烟楼梯间的各个部位，在短时间内，使整个防烟楼梯间达到所需正压值，真正实现防烟楼梯间的设计目的——在高层建筑的每层营造出一块火灾时免受高温烟气侵害的“相对安全空间”，将高层建筑火灾的防烟***建立在合理的、有效的工作状态，减少高层建筑火灾中的人员伤亡和财产损失。In summary, the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention obtains the size of each air supply port by accurately calculating, and can uniformly send the airflow sent by the fan into various parts of the smokeproof stairwell, and in a short time, make the whole The smoke-proof stairwell achieves the required positive pressure value and truly realizes the design purpose of the smoke-proof stairwell—a “relatively safe space” that protects against high-temperature smoke from a fire in each floor of a high-rise building. The smoke prevention system is established in a reasonable and effective working state to reduce casualties and property losses in high-rise building fires.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
- 一种应用于高层建筑的送风***，所述高层建筑具有多个层，各层设有一个楼梯间，且各层之间通过楼梯间连通，其特征在于，所述送风***包括多个送风口，各送风口等间隔地设于不同的楼梯间，以向相应的楼梯间送风，其中，各送风口的面积不同。An air supply system applied to a high-rise building, the high-rise building has a plurality of layers, each floor is provided with a stairwell, and each floor is connected by a stairwell, wherein the air supply system includes a plurality of The air supply openings are provided at different stairwells at equal intervals to supply air to the corresponding stairwells, wherein the areas of the air supply openings are different.
- 根据权利要求1所述的应用于高层建筑的送风***，其特征在于，所述送风***还包括送风井和风机，其中，各送风口均与所述送风井连接，该送风井与所述风机连接。The air supply system for a high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein the air supply system further comprises a supply well and a fan, wherein each air supply port is connected to the air supply well, and the air supply is The well is connected to the fan.
- 根据权利要求2所述的应用于高层建筑的送风***，其特征在于，各送风口按位置顺序编号为1，2，3...n，其中，第i个送风口的面积σi为：The air supply system for a high-rise building according to claim 2, wherein each of the air supply openings is numbered 1, 2, 3...n in order of position, wherein an area σ i of the i-th air supply opening is :
其中，A表示送风井的截面积，λ表示送风井的沿程阻力系数，μ表示流量系数，l表示送风井的长度，d表示送风井的当量直径，Q0表示风机输入送风井的风量，n表示送风口的总数。Where A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole, λ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole, μ represents the flow coefficient, l represents the length of the blower, d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower, and Q 0 represents the input of the blower. The air volume of the wind well, n represents the total number of air vents. - 根据权利要求3所述的应用于高层建筑的送风***，其特征在于，所述风机设于高层建筑的顶部，各送风口从下往上编号为1，2，3...n。The air supply system for a high-rise building according to claim 3, wherein the fan is provided at the top of the high-rise building, and each of the air supply ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top.
- 根据权利要求3所述的应用于高层建筑的送风***，其特征在于，所述风机设于高层建筑的低部，各送风口从上往下编号为1，2，3...n。The air supply system for a high-rise building according to claim 3, wherein the fan is disposed at a lower portion of the high-rise building, and each of the air supply ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n from top to bottom.
- 根据权利要求1所述的应用于高层建筑的送风***，其特征在于，所述高层建筑中每k层设置一个送风口，k为大于等于1且小于等于3的整数。The air supply system for a high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein an air supply port is provided for each k-layer in the high-rise building, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
- 一种应用于高层建筑的送风方法，所述高层建筑具有多个层，各层设有一个楼梯间，且各层之间通过楼梯间连通，其特征在于，方法包括： A method for supplying air to a high-rise building, the high-rise building has a plurality of layers, each floor is provided with a stairwell, and each layer is connected by a stairwell, wherein the method comprises:S1，等间隔地设置多个送风口于多个楼梯间，其中，各个送风口的面积不同，以使得各个送风口的送风量相同；S1, a plurality of air supply openings are arranged at equal intervals in a plurality of stairwells, wherein the areas of the respective air supply openings are different, so that the air supply amounts of the respective air supply ports are the same;S2，采用所述多个送风口以相同的送风量向相应的楼梯间送风。S2, the plurality of air blowing ports are used to supply air to the corresponding stairwells with the same air supply amount.
- 根据权利要求7所述的应用于高层建筑的送风方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，各送风口均与一个送风井连接，采用一个风机向所述送风井送风，从而使所述多个送风口向相应的楼梯间送风。The air supply method for a high-rise building according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, each of the air supply ports is connected to one air supply well, and a fan is used to supply air to the air supply well, thereby The plurality of air blowing openings are blown to the corresponding stairwells.
- 根据权利要求8所述的应用于高层建筑的送风方法，其特征在于，各送风口按位置顺序编号为1，2，3...n，其中，第i个送风口的面积σi为：The air supply method for a high-rise building according to claim 8, wherein each of the air supply ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n in order of position, wherein an area σ i of the i-th air supply port is :
其中，A表示送风井的截面积，λ表示送风井的沿程阻力系数，μ表示流量系数，l表示送风井的长度，d表示送风井的当量直径，Q0表示风机输入送风井的风量，n表示送风口的总数。Where A represents the cross-sectional area of the blowhole, λ represents the resistance coefficient of the blowhole, μ represents the flow coefficient, l represents the length of the blower, d represents the equivalent diameter of the blower, and Q 0 represents the input of the blower. The air volume of the wind well, n represents the total number of air vents. - 根据权利要求9所述的应用于高层建筑的送风方法，其特征在于，所述风机设于高层建筑的顶部，各送风口从下往上编号为1，2，3...n。The air supply method for a high-rise building according to claim 9, wherein the wind turbine is disposed at the top of the high-rise building, and each of the air supply ports is numbered 1, 2, 3...n from the bottom to the top.
- 根据权利要求9所述的应用于高层建筑的送风***，其特征在于，所述风机设于高层建筑的低部，各送风口从上往下编号为1，2，3...n。The air supply system for a high-rise building according to claim 9, wherein the wind turbine is disposed at a lower portion of the high-rise building, and each of the air supply ports is numbered 1, 2, 3, ... from top to bottom.
- 根据权利要求7所述的应用于高层建筑的送风方法，其特征在于，所述高层建筑中每k层设置一个送风口，k为大于等于1且小于等于3的整数。 The air supply method for a high-rise building according to claim 7, wherein an air supply port is provided for each k-layer in the high-rise building, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
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