WO2018021501A1 - Iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing and method for manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018021501A1
WO2018021501A1 PCT/JP2017/027339 JP2017027339W WO2018021501A1 WO 2018021501 A1 WO2018021501 A1 WO 2018021501A1 JP 2017027339 W JP2017027339 W JP 2017027339W WO 2018021501 A1 WO2018021501 A1 WO 2018021501A1
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Prior art keywords
mass
iron
copper
powder
bearing
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PCT/JP2017/027339
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
石井　義成
康博 塚田
智恵 小畑
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株式会社ダイヤメット
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Priority claimed from JP2017017106A external-priority patent/JP6817094B2/en
Application filed by 株式会社ダイヤメット filed Critical 株式会社ダイヤメット
Priority to US16/302,551 priority Critical patent/US10428873B2/en
Priority to EP17834503.9A priority patent/EP3492202A4/en
Priority to CN201780033772.7A priority patent/CN109562456B/en
Publication of WO2018021501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018021501A1/en
Priority to US16/525,005 priority patent/US10697495B2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/104—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing in a porous body, e.g. oil impregnated sintered sleeve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/128—Porous bearings, e.g. bushes of sintered alloy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F16C33/145—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in of sintered porous bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing used under conditions of low rotation and high load, such as an output shaft of an electric motor for automobiles, and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearings have been adopted for the output shaft of motors for automobile electrical equipment.
  • iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearings for example, those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 3 are known.
  • power windows and wiper motors that are used for large window glass have a higher output than before, and a load surface pressure higher than that of conventional ones has been applied to the bearing of the output shaft.
  • the output shafts of these motors are at a low speed of 200 rpm or less, the oil film formation unique to sintered oil-impregnated bearings is insufficient, and metal contacts slide between the shaft and the bearings. Abrasion was a problem.
  • An iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing formed with a hard alloy phase damages the mating shaft material under sliding conditions such as the output shaft of an automobile electrical motor, and the wear of the bearing advances due to the damaged shaft. There were many cases.
  • As an improvement measure there is a method of using a hardened steel material having a high hardness for the shaft, but a carbon steel shaft has been used because the cost is increased.
  • a flat copper powder having an average diameter of 20 to 150 ⁇ m is 2.0 to 9.0 mass%, and the average particle diameter is Is obtained by adding a raw material powder obtained by adding 1.5 to 3.7% by mass of graphite powder of 40 to 80 ⁇ m to iron powder and setting the sintering temperature to 950 ° C. to 1030 ° C.
  • an iron alloy phase having an area ratio of 20 to 85% of ferrite and the balance of pearlite can be obtained (Patent Document 2).
  • pearlite is a hard phase in which iron and graphite react, it does not sufficiently prevent the counterpart shaft material from being damaged.
  • the present invention provides a new iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing that has few hard iron alloy phases and is excellent in wear resistance and cost performance under low-rotation and high-load use conditions such as an output shaft of an automobile electrical motor. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method.
  • the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention has Cu: 10 to 55 mass%, Sn: 0.5 to 7 mass%, Zn: 0 to 4 mass%, P: 0 to 0.6 mass%, C: The area ratio of the free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix is 5 to 35%, including 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the porosity is 16% or more and 25% or less.
  • the hardness of the iron alloy phase in the substrate is Hv65-200.
  • the manufacturing method of the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention is as follows: Cu: 10 to 55% by mass, Sn: 0.5 to 7% by mass, Zn: 0 to 4% by mass, P: 0 to 0.6% by mass , C: A step of mixing raw material powder so as to contain 0.5 to 4.5% by mass and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities to obtain a mixed powder, and press-molding this mixed powder to obtain a green compact
  • a method for producing a copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising a step of obtaining a sintered body by sintering the green compact at a temperature within a range of 820 to 940 ° C.
  • At least one of 100 ⁇ m scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder is used as the raw material powder, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing is 5 to 35%.
  • Cu 10 to 55 mass%
  • Sn 0.5 to 7 mass%
  • Zn 0 to 4 mass%
  • P 0 to 0.6 mass%
  • C Hardness of the iron alloy phase by containing 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix being 5 to 35%
  • a step of mixing raw material powders so that the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, and a mixed powder is obtained by pressing and pressing the mixed powder.
  • a method for producing a copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising a step of obtaining a body and a step of sintering the green compact at a temperature within a range of 820 to 940 ° C.
  • a sintered body comprising: At least one of 10-100 ⁇ m scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder is used as the raw material powder, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing is 5-35%. Therefore, the hardness of the iron alloy phase can be controlled within an appropriate range, and It can be the output shaft such as a high-load operating conditions at low rotational, producing iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing which is excellent in wear resistance and cost performance.
  • FIG. 1 (A) shows a measurement state
  • FIG. 1 (B) shows the state which applied the mesh separately.
  • the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention has Cu: 10 to 55 mass%, Sn: 0.5 to 7 mass%, Zn: 0 to 4 mass%, P: 0 to 0.6 mass%, C: The area ratio of the free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix is 5 to 35%, including 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • Graphite includes natural graphite scaly graphite, flake graphite, earthy graphite, artificial graphite, etc., but the lubricity of graphite is affected by the degree of crystal growth, so the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention At least one of natural scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder having good crystallinity and excellent lubricity is used.
  • At least one of a scaly graphite powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and a scaly graphite powder is used as a raw material powder of an iron-copper-based sintered alloy
  • the sintering temperature is set to 820 to 940 ° C., a predetermined amount of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the sintered body can be secured, and the hardness of the iron alloy phase can be suppressed.
  • the average particle diameter of the graphite powder is a volume average diameter MV measured by a laser diffraction method.
  • Cu 10 to 55% by mass
  • Cu forms a solid solution with Sn and P
  • this Cu—Sn—P solid solution is softer than the counterpart shaft and improves the compatibility with the counterpart shaft, thereby contributing to the improvement of the wear resistance of the bearing. If the Cu content is less than 10% by mass, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cu content exceeds 55% by mass, the bearing strength becomes insufficient and the bearing wear under high load conditions is increased. Absent.
  • Sn 0.5-7 mass% Sn forms a solid solution of Cu, P and a base, and improves the strength of the bearing, thereby contributing to the improvement of the wear resistance of the bearing. If the Sn content is less than 0.5% by mass, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Sn content exceeds 7% by mass, the strength is not improved and the dimensional accuracy is lowered, which is not preferable.
  • Zn 0 to 4% by mass
  • Zn forms a solid solution of Cu and Sn and has a function of improving the corrosion resistance, conformability and strength of the bearing. Even if the Zn content exceeds 4% by mass, the desired effect is not improved. Therefore, when it is added, the content is preferably 4% by mass or less.
  • P 0 to 0.6% by mass P is added as a Cu—P alloy powder, generates a liquid phase during sintering, promotes sintering, and forms a solid solution of Cu and Sn bases, thereby improving wear resistance. Even if the content of P exceeds 0.6% by mass, the desired effect is not improved, and on the contrary, deformation during sintering becomes large, which is not preferable. Therefore, when added, the content is preferably 0.6% by mass or less. .
  • C 0.5 to 4.5% by mass C is dispersed and distributed as free graphite in the base material of the bearing alloy, thereby imparting excellent lubricity to the bearing, thereby contributing to improvement of wear resistance and reduction of the friction coefficient. If the C content is less than 0.5% by mass, the effect of improving the wear resistance cannot be obtained, and if the C content exceeds 4.5% by mass, the strength is remarkably lowered.
  • Porosity 16% or more and 25% or less Porosity is dispersed in the substrate and has the effect of reducing the strong friction received by the bearing and suppressing the wear of the bearing. However, if the porosity is less than 16%, the effect is sufficient. Not. On the other hand, when the porosity exceeds 25%, the strength is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable.
  • Scale-like graphite powder and scale-like graphite powder As the graphite powder used for the raw material powder, at least one of scale-like graphite powder and scale-like graphite powder can be used.
  • the scaly graphite powder and the scaly graphite powder are dispersed and distributed as free graphite in the base material of the bearing alloy, thereby imparting excellent lubricity to the bearing, thereby contributing to improvement of wear resistance and reduction of the friction coefficient.
  • the average particle size of the scaly graphite powder or the scaly graphite powder is less than 10 ⁇ m, it reacts with the iron powder in the raw material powder during sintering to increase the hardness of the iron alloy phase and reduce the area ratio of the free graphite. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the strength is remarkably lowered.
  • Reduced iron powder and electrolytic copper powder for powder metallurgy, flat copper powder, Cu-9 mass% Sn powder, Sn powder, Cu-8 mass% P powder, Cu-20 mass% Zn powder and graphite powder as raw material powder Prepared.
  • graphite powder scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder having a large average particle diameter were used in the present invention example, and artificial graphite powder or scaly graphite powder having a small average particle diameter was used in the comparative example.
  • the ring-shaped sintered oil-impregnated bearing thus obtained was subjected to a wear test under low speed and high load conditions.
  • An S45C carbon steel shaft having an outer diameter of 8 mm was inserted into a ring-shaped sintered oil-impregnated bearing, and the shaft was rotated at 5 m / min for 50 hours while applying a load of 100 kgf from the outside of the ring-shaped bearing. Thereafter, the maximum wear depth of the ring-shaped bearing sliding surface and the maximum wear depth of the mating shaft sliding portion were measured to evaluate the wear resistance.
  • Table 2 shows the composition of each sample, the porosity, the area ratio of free graphite, the hardness of the iron alloy phase in the substrate, and the maximum wear depth of the bearing and the mating shaft after the wear test.
  • the hardness of the iron alloy phase in the substrate is measured by grinding the end face of the bearing until the metal structure is visible, selecting the iron alloy phase using micro Vickers, and measuring the three-point hardness with a measurement load of 50 g. The average value was obtained.
  • the area ratio of free graphite was determined as follows.
  • FIG. 1 (A) is a diagram of a color photograph of the surface of a bearing, on the surface, a copper range 11 of copper or copper alloy and an iron range 12 of iron or iron alloy.
  • a graphite range 13 of graphite and a pore range 14 of pores appear.
  • a grid 22 arranged vertically and horizontally is formed in a predetermined range of a frame 21 made of a transparent plate or the like, and FIG. 1 shows an example of 10 by 10 vertically.
  • FIG. 1 (B) shows a grid 22 divided into ranges 11, 12, 13, and 14, for example, in FIG. 1 (B), the number of grids 22 is the copper range 11 40, the iron range 12 is 30, the graphite range 13 is 10, the pore range 14 is 20, and the area ratio occupied by the graphite range 13 on the surface excluding the pore range 14 is the area ratio of graphite.
  • the bearing inner diameter surface was photographed at three locations, and the average graphite area ratio was determined by the method described above.
  • FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the inner diameter surface of an iron-copper-based sintered bearing including the present invention in which free graphite is dispersed and distributed.
  • the bearing of the example of the present invention has superior wear resistance compared to the bearing of the comparative example under the test conditions of low speed and high load. In addition, there was little wear on the mating shaft.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

Provided are a novel iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing and a method for manufacturing the same, the bearing having minimal hard iron alloy phases and excellent wear resistance and cost performance in a low-rotation, high-load usage condition such as in the output shaft of an electric motor for an automobile. An iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing including 10-55% by mass of Cu, 0.5-7% by mass of Sn, 0-4% by mass of Zn, 0-0.6% by mass of P, and 0.5-4.5% by mass of C, the remainder comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in a metal matrix thereof is 5-35%, the porosity thereof is 15% to 25%, and the hardness of an iron alloy phase in a base thereof is Hv 65-200. In the present invention, flake graphite powder and/or scaly graphite powder having an average particle diameter of 10-100 µm is used.

Description

鉄銅基焼結含油軸受及びその製造方法Iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing and manufacturing method thereof
　本発明は、自動車の電装用モータの出力軸など低回転で高負荷な使用条件で用いられる、鉄銅基焼結含油軸受及びその製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing used under conditions of low rotation and high load, such as an output shaft of an electric motor for automobiles, and a method for manufacturing the same.
　近年は、自動車電装用モータの出力軸にも鉄銅基焼結含油軸受が採用されている。鉄銅基焼結含油軸受としては、例えば、特許文献１、３などに開示されているものが知られている。ワンボックスタイプ等の自動車のように、大きい窓ガラス用途のパワーウィンドウやワイパーモータは、従来よりも高出力対応がなされ、出力軸の軸受には従来以上の負荷面圧が作用していた。さらに、これらモータの出力軸は２００ｒｐｍ以下の低速であることから、焼結含油軸受特有の油膜形成が不十分で、軸と軸受間で金属接触の摺動となることから焼結含油軸受の耐摩耗性が課題であった。このような油潤滑効果の少ない摺動条件では、鉄銅基焼結含油軸受に潤滑性を持たせるため、軸受材料内に黒鉛を分散分布させることが知られている。黒鉛を含有させた鉄銅基焼結軸受の製造は、黒鉛粉末を添加混合した原料粉末を用い、この原料粉末を圧粉成形し、この成形体を焼結、サイジング、浸油する工程で行われていた。しかし、材料組成が鉄銅基焼結合金であることから、焼結時に材料中の鉄粉末と黒鉛粉末が反応し、硬い鉄合金相が形成されやすかった。硬い合金相が形成された鉄銅基焼含油結軸受は、自動車電装用モータの出力軸のような摺動条件では、相手軸材を傷つけ、その傷ついた軸により軸受の摩耗が進行してしまう場合が多かった。改善策として、軸に硬さの高い焼き入れ鋼材を使用する方法もあるが、コストアップになるため、炭素鋼の軸が使用されていた。 In recent years, iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearings have been adopted for the output shaft of motors for automobile electrical equipment. As iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearings, for example, those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 3 are known. Like a one-box type automobile, power windows and wiper motors that are used for large window glass have a higher output than before, and a load surface pressure higher than that of conventional ones has been applied to the bearing of the output shaft. Furthermore, since the output shafts of these motors are at a low speed of 200 rpm or less, the oil film formation unique to sintered oil-impregnated bearings is insufficient, and metal contacts slide between the shaft and the bearings. Abrasion was a problem. Under such sliding conditions with a small oil lubrication effect, it is known that graphite is dispersed and distributed in the bearing material in order to impart lubricity to the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing. Manufacture of iron-copper-based sintered bearings containing graphite is performed in the process of compacting the raw material powder using raw material powder mixed with graphite powder, and sintering, sizing, and oiling the compact. It was broken. However, since the material composition is an iron-copper-based sintered alloy, the iron powder and graphite powder in the material reacted during the sintering, and a hard iron alloy phase was easily formed. An iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing formed with a hard alloy phase damages the mating shaft material under sliding conditions such as the output shaft of an automobile electrical motor, and the wear of the bearing advances due to the damaged shaft. There were many cases. As an improvement measure, there is a method of using a hardened steel material having a high hardness for the shaft, but a carbon steel shaft has been used because the cost is increased.
　なお、鉄粉と黒鉛粉の焼結による反応を抑制するための従来技術としては、平均径が２０～１５０μｍである扁平状の銅粉を２．０～９．０質量％と、平均粒径が４０～８０μｍの黒鉛粉を１．５～３．７質量％とを鉄粉に添加し混合した原料粉末を用い、焼結の温度を９５０℃～１０３０℃とすることで、軸受の内部に面積率でフェライトが２０～８５％及び残部がパーライトからなる鉄合金相が得られることが知られている（特許文献２）。しかし、パーライトは、鉄と黒鉛が反応した硬い相であることから、相手軸材を傷つけてしまうことを十分に防止するものではなかった。 In addition, as a conventional technique for suppressing the reaction due to sintering of iron powder and graphite powder, a flat copper powder having an average diameter of 20 to 150 μm is 2.0 to 9.0 mass%, and the average particle diameter is Is obtained by adding a raw material powder obtained by adding 1.5 to 3.7% by mass of graphite powder of 40 to 80 μm to iron powder and setting the sintering temperature to 950 ° C. to 1030 ° C. It is known that an iron alloy phase having an area ratio of 20 to 85% of ferrite and the balance of pearlite can be obtained (Patent Document 2). However, since pearlite is a hard phase in which iron and graphite react, it does not sufficiently prevent the counterpart shaft material from being damaged.
特開２００３－２２１６０６号公報JP 2003-221606 A 特開２０１０－７７４７４号公報JP 2010-77474 A 特開２０１３－９２１６３号公報JP 2013-92163 A 国際公開第１９９９／００８０１２号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 1999/008012 Pamphlet
　そこで、本発明は、硬い鉄合金相が少なく、自動車の電装用モータの出力軸など低回転で高負荷な使用条件で、耐摩耗性及びコストパフォーマンスに優れる、新たな鉄銅基焼結含油軸受及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a new iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing that has few hard iron alloy phases and is excellent in wear resistance and cost performance under low-rotation and high-load use conditions such as an output shaft of an automobile electrical motor. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method.
　本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受は、Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物からなり、金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％である。 The iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention has Cu: 10 to 55 mass%, Sn: 0.5 to 7 mass%, Zn: 0 to 4 mass%, P: 0 to 0.6 mass%, C: The area ratio of the free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix is 5 to 35%, including 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
　また、気孔率が１６％以上２５％以下である。 Moreover, the porosity is 16% or more and 25% or less.
　また、素地中の鉄合金相の硬さがＨｖ６５～２００である。 Also, the hardness of the iron alloy phase in the substrate is Hv65-200.
　本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受の製造方法は、Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物となるように原料粉末を混合して混合粉末を得る工程と、この混合粉末をプレス成型して圧粉体を得る工程と、この圧粉体を８２０～９４０℃の範囲内の温度で焼結して焼結体を得る工程を備えた銅基焼結含油軸受の製造方法であって、平均粒径１０～１００μｍの鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末のうちの少なくとも１種を原料粉末に用いるとともに、銅基焼結含油軸受の金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％である。 The manufacturing method of the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention is as follows: Cu: 10 to 55% by mass, Sn: 0.5 to 7% by mass, Zn: 0 to 4% by mass, P: 0 to 0.6% by mass , C: A step of mixing raw material powder so as to contain 0.5 to 4.5% by mass and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities to obtain a mixed powder, and press-molding this mixed powder to obtain a green compact And a method for producing a copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising a step of obtaining a sintered body by sintering the green compact at a temperature within a range of 820 to 940 ° C. At least one of 100 μm scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder is used as the raw material powder, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing is 5 to 35%.
　本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受によれば、Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物からなり、金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％であることにより、鉄合金相の硬さを適正な範囲に制御可能であり、自動車の電装用モータの出力軸など低回転で高負荷な使用条件で、耐摩耗性及びコストパフォーマンスに優れるものとなる。 According to the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention, Cu: 10 to 55 mass%, Sn: 0.5 to 7 mass%, Zn: 0 to 4 mass%, P: 0 to 0.6 mass%, C: Hardness of the iron alloy phase by containing 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix being 5 to 35% Can be controlled within an appropriate range, and it has excellent wear resistance and cost performance under low-rotation and high-load use conditions such as an output shaft of an automobile electrical motor.
　本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受の製造方法によれば、Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物となるように原料粉末を混合して混合粉末を得る工程と、この混合粉末をプレス成型して圧粉体を得る工程と、この圧粉体を８２０～９４０℃の範囲内の温度で焼結して焼結体を得る工程を備えた銅基焼結含油軸受の製造方法であって、平均粒径１０～１００μｍの鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末のうちの少なくとも１種を原料粉末に用いるとともに、銅基焼結含油軸受の金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％であることにより、鉄合金相の硬さを適正な範囲に制御可能であり、自動車の電装用モータの出力軸など低回転で高負荷な使用条件で、耐摩耗性及びコストパフォーマンスに優れる鉄銅基焼結含油軸受を製造することができる。 According to the method for producing an iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to the present invention, Cu: 10 to 55 mass%, Sn: 0.5 to 7 mass%, Zn: 0 to 4 mass%, P: 0 to 0.6 A step of mixing raw material powders so that the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, and a mixed powder is obtained by pressing and pressing the mixed powder. A method for producing a copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising a step of obtaining a body and a step of sintering the green compact at a temperature within a range of 820 to 940 ° C. to obtain a sintered body, comprising: At least one of 10-100 μm scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder is used as the raw material powder, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing is 5-35%. Therefore, the hardness of the iron alloy phase can be controlled within an appropriate range, and It can be the output shaft such as a high-load operating conditions at low rotational, producing iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing which is excellent in wear resistance and cost performance.
遊離黒鉛の面積率の測定方法を説明する軸受の表面カラー写真を図案化した説明図であり、図１（Ａ）は測定状態、図１（Ｂ）は升目を塗り分けた状態を示す。It is explanatory drawing which designed the surface color photograph of the bearing explaining the measuring method of the area ratio of free graphite, FIG. 1 (A) shows a measurement state and FIG. 1 (B) shows the state which applied the mesh separately. 遊離黒鉛が分散分布した本発明例の鉄銅基焼結含軸受の内径表面の写真である。It is a photograph of the inner surface of the iron-copper-based sintered bearing including the example of the present invention in which free graphite is dispersed and distributed.
　本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受は、Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物からなり、金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％である。 The iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention has Cu: 10 to 55 mass%, Sn: 0.5 to 7 mass%, Zn: 0 to 4 mass%, P: 0 to 0.6 mass%, C: The area ratio of the free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix is 5 to 35%, including 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
　黒鉛は天然黒鉛の鱗状黒鉛、鱗片状黒鉛、土状黒鉛のほか、人造黒鉛等があるが、黒鉛の潤滑性は結晶の発達度合いに影響を受けるため、本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受には、結晶性が良く潤滑性に優れている天然の鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末のうちの少なくとも１種を用いる。さらに焼結による原料粉中の鉄と黒鉛の反応を抑制するために、平均粒径１０～１００μｍの鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末のうちの少なくとも１種を鉄銅基焼結合金の原料粉末に用い、焼結温度を８２０～９４０℃とすることで、焼結体の金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率を所定量確保できるとともに、鉄合金相の硬さも抑制可能となる。 Graphite includes natural graphite scaly graphite, flake graphite, earthy graphite, artificial graphite, etc., but the lubricity of graphite is affected by the degree of crystal growth, so the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention At least one of natural scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder having good crystallinity and excellent lubricity is used. Further, in order to suppress the reaction between iron and graphite in the raw material powder due to sintering, at least one of a scaly graphite powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 μm and a scaly graphite powder is used as a raw material powder of an iron-copper-based sintered alloy When the sintering temperature is set to 820 to 940 ° C., a predetermined amount of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the sintered body can be secured, and the hardness of the iron alloy phase can be suppressed.
　ここで、黒鉛粉末の平均粒径とは、レーザー回折法による測定値の体積平均径ＭＶである。 Here, the average particle diameter of the graphite powder is a volume average diameter MV measured by a laser diffraction method.
　以下、本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受の組成について、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the composition of the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention will be described in detail.
　（１）Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％
　Ｃｕは、Ｓｎ、Ｐと固溶体を形成し、このＣｕ－Ｓｎ－Ｐ固溶体は相手軸よりも軟らかく、相手軸とのなじみ性を向上させ、もって軸受の耐摩耗性向上に寄与する。Ｃｕの含有量が１０質量％未満では、所望の効果が得られず、一方その含有量が５５質量％を超えると軸受強度が不足するようになり高負荷条件での軸受摩耗が大きくなるので好ましくない。 (1) Cu: 10 to 55% by mass
Cu forms a solid solution with Sn and P, and this Cu—Sn—P solid solution is softer than the counterpart shaft and improves the compatibility with the counterpart shaft, thereby contributing to the improvement of the wear resistance of the bearing. If the Cu content is less than 10% by mass, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cu content exceeds 55% by mass, the bearing strength becomes insufficient and the bearing wear under high load conditions is increased. Absent.
　（２）Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％
　Ｓｎは、Ｃｕ、Ｐと素地の固溶体を形成し、軸受の強度を向上させ、もって軸受の耐摩耗性向上に寄与する。Ｓｎの含有量が０．５質量％未満では所望の効果が得られず、一方その含有量が７質量％をこえても強度向上に効果がなく、かえって寸法精度が低下するので好ましくない。 (2) Sn: 0.5-7 mass%
Sn forms a solid solution of Cu, P and a base, and improves the strength of the bearing, thereby contributing to the improvement of the wear resistance of the bearing. If the Sn content is less than 0.5% by mass, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Sn content exceeds 7% by mass, the strength is not improved and the dimensional accuracy is lowered, which is not preferable.
　（３）Ｚｎ：０～４質量％
　Ｚｎは、Ｃｕ、Ｓｎと素地の固溶体を形成し、軸受の耐食性、なじみ性及び強度を向上させる作用がある。Ｚｎの含有量が４質量％を超えても所望の効果向上がないので、添加する場合は４質量％以下とするのが好ましい。 (3) Zn: 0 to 4% by mass
Zn forms a solid solution of Cu and Sn and has a function of improving the corrosion resistance, conformability and strength of the bearing. Even if the Zn content exceeds 4% by mass, the desired effect is not improved. Therefore, when it is added, the content is preferably 4% by mass or less.
　（４）Ｐ：０～０．６質量％
　Ｐは、Ｃｕ－Ｐ合金粉末で添加され、焼結時液相を発生させ、焼結を進めると共にＣｕ、Ｓｎ素地の固溶を形成し、耐摩耗性を向上させる作用がある。Ｐの含有量が０．６質量％を超えても所望の効果向上がなく、かえって焼結時の変形が大きくなるので好ましくないので、添加する場合は０．６質量％以下とするのが好ましい。 (4) P: 0 to 0.6% by mass
P is added as a Cu—P alloy powder, generates a liquid phase during sintering, promotes sintering, and forms a solid solution of Cu and Sn bases, thereby improving wear resistance. Even if the content of P exceeds 0.6% by mass, the desired effect is not improved, and on the contrary, deformation during sintering becomes large, which is not preferable. Therefore, when added, the content is preferably 0.6% by mass or less. .
　（５）Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％
　Ｃは、軸受合金の素地中に遊離黒鉛として分散分布することで、軸受に優れた潤滑性を付与し、もって耐摩耗性向上および摩擦係数の低減に寄与する。Ｃの含有量が０．５質量％未満では耐摩耗性の向上効果が得られず、その含有量が４．５質量％を超えると強度が著しく低下するので好ましくない。 (5) C: 0.5 to 4.5% by mass
C is dispersed and distributed as free graphite in the base material of the bearing alloy, thereby imparting excellent lubricity to the bearing, thereby contributing to improvement of wear resistance and reduction of the friction coefficient. If the C content is less than 0.5% by mass, the effect of improving the wear resistance cannot be obtained, and if the C content exceeds 4.5% by mass, the strength is remarkably lowered.
　（６）気孔率：１６％以上２５％以下
　気孔は素地に分散し、軸受が受ける強い摩擦を緩和し、軸受けの摩耗を抑制する効果があるが、気孔率が１６％未満ではその効果が十分でなくなる。一方、気孔率が２５％を超えると強度が著しく低下するので好ましくない。 (6) Porosity: 16% or more and 25% or less Porosity is dispersed in the substrate and has the effect of reducing the strong friction received by the bearing and suppressing the wear of the bearing. However, if the porosity is less than 16%, the effect is sufficient. Not. On the other hand, when the porosity exceeds 25%, the strength is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable.
　（７）鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末
　原料粉末に用いる黒鉛粉末としては、鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末のうちの少なくとも１種を用いることができる。鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末は、軸受合金の素地中に遊離黒鉛として分散分布することで軸受に優れた潤滑性を付与し、もって耐摩耗性向上及び摩擦係数の低減に寄与する。鱗状黒鉛粉末又は鱗片状黒鉛粉末の平均粒径が１０μｍ未満では、焼結時に原料粉末中の鉄粉と反応し鉄合金相の硬度を上げるとともに遊離黒鉛の面積率が低下するためその効果が得られず、一方、平均粒径が１００μｍを超えると強度が著しく低下するようになるので好ましくない。 (7) Scale-like graphite powder and scale-like graphite powder As the graphite powder used for the raw material powder, at least one of scale-like graphite powder and scale-like graphite powder can be used. The scaly graphite powder and the scaly graphite powder are dispersed and distributed as free graphite in the base material of the bearing alloy, thereby imparting excellent lubricity to the bearing, thereby contributing to improvement of wear resistance and reduction of the friction coefficient. When the average particle size of the scaly graphite powder or the scaly graphite powder is less than 10 μm, it reacts with the iron powder in the raw material powder during sintering to increase the hardness of the iron alloy phase and reduce the area ratio of the free graphite. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 100 μm, the strength is remarkably lowered.
　以下、本発明の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受及びその製造方法の具体的な実施例について説明する。なお、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形実施が可能である。 Hereinafter, specific examples of the iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention will be described. In addition, this invention is not limited to a following example, A various deformation | transformation implementation is possible.
　原料粉末に、粉末冶金用の還元鉄粉末と電解銅粉末、扁平形状銅粉末、Ｃｕ－９質量％Ｓｎ粉末、Ｓｎ粉末、Ｃｕ－８質量％Ｐ粉末、Ｃｕ－２０質量％Ｚｎ粉末及び黒鉛粉末を用意した。このうち、黒鉛粉末は、本発明例では、平均粒径の大きな鱗状黒鉛粉末、鱗片状黒鉛粉末を使用し、比較例では、平均粒径の小さな人造黒鉛粉末又は鱗状黒鉛粉末を使用した。 Reduced iron powder and electrolytic copper powder for powder metallurgy, flat copper powder, Cu-9 mass% Sn powder, Sn powder, Cu-8 mass% P powder, Cu-20 mass% Zn powder and graphite powder as raw material powder Prepared. Among these, as the graphite powder, scaly graphite powder and scaly graphite powder having a large average particle diameter were used in the present invention example, and artificial graphite powder or scaly graphite powder having a small average particle diameter was used in the comparative example.
　これらの原料粉末を表１に示した最終成分組成となるように配合し、ステアリン酸亜鉛を０．５％加えてＶ型混合機で２０分間混合して混合粉末とした後、プレス成形して圧粉体を製作し、次いでこの圧粉体を天然ガスと空気を混合し、加熱した触媒に通すことで分解変成させたエンドサーミックガス（endothermic gas）雰囲気中、８２０～９４０℃の範囲内の所定の温度で焼結して焼結体を得て、次いで所定の圧力でサイジングを行い、次いで所定の合成炭化水素系の潤滑油を含浸させることにより、いずれも外径:１８ｍｍ×内径：８ｍｍ×高さ：８ｍｍの寸法を有し、表１に示される組成成分で遊離黒鉛が分散した鉄銅基焼結含油軸受本発明例１～１７、及び比較例１～８のリング状試験片を製作した。 These raw material powders are blended so as to have the final component composition shown in Table 1, 0.5% of zinc stearate is added, mixed for 20 minutes with a V-type mixer, and then press-molded. A green compact is manufactured, and then the green compact is decomposed and transformed by mixing natural gas and air and passing through a heated catalyst. The temperature is in the range of 820 to 940 ° C. in an endothermic gas atmosphere. Sintered at a predetermined temperature to obtain a sintered body, then sized at a predetermined pressure, and then impregnated with a predetermined synthetic hydrocarbon-based lubricating oil, both outer diameter: 18 mm × inner diameter: 8 mm X Height: Ring-shaped test specimens of iron-copper based sintered oil-impregnated bearings of the present invention examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 1 to 8 having a dimension of 8 mm and free graphite dispersed with the composition shown in Table 1. Produced.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　こうして得られたリング状の焼結含油軸受について、低速高負荷条件の摩耗試験を行った。 The ring-shaped sintered oil-impregnated bearing thus obtained was subjected to a wear test under low speed and high load conditions.
　リング状の焼結含油軸受に外径：８ｍｍのＳ４５Ｃ炭素鋼製軸を挿入し、リング状軸受の外側から１００ｋｇｆの荷重をかけながら、軸を５ｍ／分で５０時間回転させた。その後、リング状軸受摺動面の最大摩耗深さと相手軸摺動部の最大摩耗深さを測定し、耐摩耗性評価を行った。 An S45C carbon steel shaft having an outer diameter of 8 mm was inserted into a ring-shaped sintered oil-impregnated bearing, and the shaft was rotated at 5 m / min for 50 hours while applying a load of 100 kgf from the outside of the ring-shaped bearing. Thereafter, the maximum wear depth of the ring-shaped bearing sliding surface and the maximum wear depth of the mating shaft sliding portion were measured to evaluate the wear resistance.
　各試料の成分組成、気孔率、遊離黒鉛の面積率、素地中の鉄合金相の硬さ及び摩耗試験後の軸受と相手軸の最大摩耗深さを表２に示した。なお、素地中の鉄合金相の硬さは、軸受の端面を金属組織が見えるまで研磨を行い、マイクロビッカースを用いて鉄合金相を選定して狙い、測定荷重５０ｇで３点硬さを測定し、その平均値を求めた。遊離黒鉛の面積率は次のように求めた。 Table 2 shows the composition of each sample, the porosity, the area ratio of free graphite, the hardness of the iron alloy phase in the substrate, and the maximum wear depth of the bearing and the mating shaft after the wear test. The hardness of the iron alloy phase in the substrate is measured by grinding the end face of the bearing until the metal structure is visible, selecting the iron alloy phase using micro Vickers, and measuring the three-point hardness with a measurement load of 50 g. The average value was obtained. The area ratio of free graphite was determined as follows.
　軸受内径表面をＣＣＤカメラでカラー写真撮影（倍率×１００）し、決められた２ｍｍ方眼のトレース用紙のフレームを写真上に重ね合わせ、黒鉛部の面積比率を計算して算出される。その例を図１により説明すると図１（Ａ）は軸受の表面のカラー写真を図案化したものであり、表面には、銅又は銅合金の銅範囲11と鉄又は鉄合金の鉄範囲12と黒鉛の黒鉛範囲13と気孔の気孔範囲14とが表れる。透明板などからなるフレーム21の所定の範囲に、縦横に並んだ升目22を形成し、図１では縦１０個×横１０個のものを例示している。そして各升目22において一番面積を占める範囲をその対応する範囲として数え、気孔範囲14を除いた表面の黒鉛範囲13の面積率を算出する。説明のために図１（Ｂ）は升目22を各範囲11、12、13、14に塗り分けたものを示し、例えば、図１（Ｂ）において、各升目22の数は、銅範囲11は４０個、鉄範囲12は３０個、黒鉛範囲13は１０個、気孔範囲14は２０個であり、気孔範囲14を除いた表面の黒鉛範囲13が占める面積率が黒鉛の面積率であるから、黒鉛の面積率は１０／８０×１００＝１２．５％となる。軸受内径表面を３箇所撮影し、前述の方法にて平均の黒鉛面積率を求めた。 The surface of the inner diameter of the bearing is color photographed with a CCD camera (magnification × 100), a frame of a predetermined 2 mm square trace paper is superimposed on the photograph, and the area ratio of the graphite portion is calculated. An example of this will be described with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 (A) is a diagram of a color photograph of the surface of a bearing, on the surface, a copper range 11 of copper or copper alloy and an iron range 12 of iron or iron alloy. A graphite range 13 of graphite and a pore range 14 of pores appear. A grid 22 arranged vertically and horizontally is formed in a predetermined range of a frame 21 made of a transparent plate or the like, and FIG. 1 shows an example of 10 by 10 vertically. Then, the area occupying the most area in each cell 22 is counted as the corresponding area, and the area ratio of the graphite range 13 on the surface excluding the pore range 14 is calculated. For the sake of explanation, FIG. 1 (B) shows a grid 22 divided into ranges 11, 12, 13, and 14, for example, in FIG. 1 (B), the number of grids 22 is the copper range 11 40, the iron range 12 is 30, the graphite range 13 is 10, the pore range 14 is 20, and the area ratio occupied by the graphite range 13 on the surface excluding the pore range 14 is the area ratio of graphite. The area ratio of graphite is 10/80 × 100 = 12.5%. The bearing inner diameter surface was photographed at three locations, and the average graphite area ratio was determined by the method described above.
　一例として、遊離黒鉛が分散分布した本発明例の鉄銅基焼結含軸受の内径表面の写真を図２に示す。 As an example, FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the inner diameter surface of an iron-copper-based sintered bearing including the present invention in which free graphite is dispersed and distributed.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
　軸受と相手軸の最大摩耗深さの試験結果から明らかなように、低速高負荷の試験条件において本発明例の軸受は、比較例の軸受と比較して、優れた耐摩耗性を有しているとともに相手軸の摩耗も少なかった。 As is clear from the test results of the maximum wear depth of the bearing and the mating shaft, the bearing of the example of the present invention has superior wear resistance compared to the bearing of the comparative example under the test conditions of low speed and high load. In addition, there was little wear on the mating shaft.

Claims (4)

  1. Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物からなり、金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％であることを特徴とする鉄銅基焼結含油軸受。 Cu: 10 to 55% by mass, Sn: 0.5 to 7% by mass, Zn: 0 to 4% by mass, P: 0 to 0.6% by mass, C: 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, An iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing, wherein the balance is made of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix is 5 to 35%.
  2. 気孔率が１６％以上２５％以下であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受。 The iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the porosity is 16% or more and 25% or less.
  3. 素地中の鉄合金相の硬さがＨｖ６５～２００であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の鉄銅基焼結含油軸受。 The iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the iron alloy phase in the substrate has a hardness of Hv65 to 200.
  4. Ｃｕ：１０～５５質量％、Ｓｎ：０．５～７質量％、Ｚｎ：０～４質量％、Ｐ：０～０．６質量％、Ｃ：０．５～４．５質量％を含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避不純物となるように原料粉末を混合して混合粉末を得る工程と、この混合粉末をプレス成型して圧粉体を得る工程と、この圧粉体を８２０～９４０℃の範囲内の温度で焼結して焼結体を得る工程を備えた銅基焼結含油軸受の製造方法であって、平均粒径１０～１００μｍの鱗状黒鉛粉末と鱗片状黒鉛粉末のうちの少なくとも１種を原料粉末に用いるとともに、銅基焼結含油軸受の金属マトリックス中に分散した遊離黒鉛の面積率が５～３５％であることを特徴とする鉄銅基焼結含油軸受の製造方法。 Cu: 10 to 55% by mass, Sn: 0.5 to 7% by mass, Zn: 0 to 4% by mass, P: 0 to 0.6% by mass, C: 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, A step of mixing raw material powder so that the balance becomes Fe and inevitable impurities to obtain a mixed powder, a step of pressing this mixed powder to obtain a green compact, and a step of 820 to 940 ° C. for this green compact A method for producing a copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising a step of obtaining a sintered body by sintering at a temperature of at least one of a scaly graphite powder and a scaly graphite powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 μm. A method for producing an iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing, wherein the seed powder is used as a raw material powder and the area ratio of free graphite dispersed in the metal matrix of the copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing is 5 to 35%.
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