WO2018019809A1 - Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method - Google Patents
Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018019809A1 WO2018019809A1 PCT/EP2017/068718 EP2017068718W WO2018019809A1 WO 2018019809 A1 WO2018019809 A1 WO 2018019809A1 EP 2017068718 W EP2017068718 W EP 2017068718W WO 2018019809 A1 WO2018019809 A1 WO 2018019809A1
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- joining
- heat radiation
- joining device
- measuring unit
- unit
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1696—Laser beams making use of masks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
- B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
- B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/828—Other pressure application arrangements
- B29C66/8282—Other pressure application arrangements using the own weight of the joining tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a joining method and a joining device for carrying out the joining method.
- EP 0 997 261 B9 discloses a laser joining method and a device for connecting different plastics or plastics to other materials.
- a laser beam generated by a beam generating unit controlled or controlled by a control unit acts as a material melt onto an irradiation spot of a surface of an adherend, and a shielding means impermeable to the laser beam is disposed between the beam generating unit and the adherends.
- the shielding agent serves as a welding mask in order to weld very fine contours in the field of micromechanics and microsystem technology by means of a linear laser beam.
- the object of the present invention is to enable joint quality control to take place during the joining process.
- a significant advantage of the joining method according to the invention as well as the joining device according to the invention lies in particular in the fact that the joining quality control takes place without contact. This is particularly advantageous in the case of joining parts in which the joining surface is not located on the surface of the joined parts to be joined, but in the interior of the part produced thereby.
- non-contact control is not subject to wear caused by contact with the parts to be joined; Accordingly, the parts to be joined are not damaged by the inspection.
- the measurement of the temperature of the irradiation spot provides a reliable statement about the quality of the connection, for example, the weld. For this purpose, it is necessary to receive a sufficiently high measurement signal with the heat radiation measuring unit. Furthermore, spurious signals are to be kept away from the heat radiation measuring unit; So measurement signals that are not from the irradiation spot. Both are ensured by the shielding.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the joining method according to the invention provides that the working beam of the beam generating unit and / or a radiation receiver of the heat radiation measuring unit is moved by the control unit during the joining process such that a measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit during the entire joining process within the irradiation spot, in particular the center covering the irradiation spot remains.
- the accuracy of the temperature measurement is increased and thus achieved an improved statement about the quality of the connection.
- the centers of the measuring spot and the irradiation spot are congruent during the entire joining process.
- a good positional fidelity of the centers to each other can be achieved, for example, by means of a drive of the jet generating unit designed as an axle system.
- a reversal of motion, ie the movement of the joining parts instead of the beam generating unit, is included in the invention.
- Another advantageous further development of the joining method according to the invention provides that an acoustic and / or optical warning is output by means of an output unit signal-transmittingly connected to the heat radiation measuring unit depending on whether one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit have a previously defined lower and / or upper limit. and / or exceed. In this way, a quick intervention by an operator is possible.
- a particularly advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that the beam generation unit and / or a drive of the beam generation unit are controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measurement unit. As a result, the degree of automation is increased, which leads to a discharge of the operator.
- it may be the control or regulation of the Verfahrgesch wind speed of the working beam or its performance, so as to achieve a homogeneous joint quality over a longer joint area, such as a weld.
- the heat radiation measuring unit according to type and arrangement freely selectable within wide suitable limits.
- the heat radiation measuring unit is designed as a pyrometer or as a thermal imaging camera.
- Pyrometers are proven heat radiation measuring units that enable fast temperature measurement.
- Thermal imaging cameras have the advantage over pyrometers that a larger area can be controlled simultaneously.
- a further advantageous development of the joining device according to the invention provides that the heat radiation measuring unit on or in the beam generating unit is arranged. In this way, a compact design of the joining device is possible.
- a measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit is designed such that it covers the center of the irradiation spot during operation of the joining device and is smaller than the irradiation spot, in particular the surface of the measuring spot is less than or equal to 80% of the area of the irradiation spot.
- the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit and the position of the maximum measuring sensitivity of the heat radiation measuring unit are freely selectable within wide suitable limits.
- the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit is set to greater than or equal to 180 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
- the two aforementioned refinements are particularly advantageous in the case of joining parts, in which at least one joining part is designed as a plastic part.
- the shielding agent can be freely selected according to type, material, shape, dimensioning and arrangement within wide suitable limits.
- the shielding means is formed as a welding mask of the joining device.
- the shielding is realized in a structurally particularly simple and space-saving manner.
- An alternative development provides that the Abschirnnnnittel is formed as a separate component of the joining device. This makes the Abschirnnnnittel particularly well to its function. This also makes it possible to store different types of scrapers and, depending on the application, to convert the joining device according to the invention to the suitable scarfing device without having to exchange the other components of the joining device.
- the shielding means is designed as a coating of a component of the joining device, in particular a welding mask. In this way, the shielding is realized very space and material saving.
- the shielding means is made of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics or it has a coating of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics.
- the shield is rolled medium and / or the surface of the shielding roughened, for example, by having been previously irradiated with roughening agents.
- FIG. 1 a shows a first embodiment of a joining device according to the invention in a simplified, sectional front view
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a joining device according to the invention in an analogous to Fig. 1 a representation.
- FIG. 1 shows a joining device 2 designed as a contour laser welding device with a beam generating unit 4 designed as a contour welding head.
- the contour welding head 4 is controlled by a control unit (not shown) of the contour laser welding device 2.
- the contour welding head 4 acts with a working beam 6 formed symbolically by an arrow on an irradiation spot 8 of a surface 10 of a first joining part 12 designed as a laser-absorbing plastic part.
- the plastic part 12 is held on a receptacle 13 in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the second joining part 14 is designed as a partially laser-transparent plastic part 14, so that the laser beam 6 can partially penetrate the plastic part 14 in order to melt the plastic part 12 on its surface 10.
- Both plastic parts 12, 14 are connected to one another in a material-locking manner in the region of the irradiation spot 8 in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- the irradiation spot 8 is formed here like a circular surface. However, other geometries are conceivable.
- the shielding means 16 is designed here as a welding mask 16 and made of stainless steel.
- the welding mask 16 serves to bias the two joining parts 12, 14 against each other before the integral connection, ie to press against each other.
- the contour laser welding device 2 has a heat radiation measuring unit 18 designed as a pyrometer for measuring the temperature of the irradiation spot 8 on.
- the pyrometer 18 is installed in the contour welding head 4 and connected to the control unit, not shown, signal transmitting.
- the contour welding head 4 on the left in the sheet plane arranged fiber coupling 4.1 the laser beam 6 is redirected by means of a partially transparent mirror 4.2 in the direction of plastic parts 12, 14.
- the mirror 4.2 reflects in the wavelength range of the laser beam 6 and is for the heat radiation of the joined plastic parts 12, 14, at least in the measuring range of the pyrometer 18, partially transmissive.
- a filter 4.3 is additionally incorporated here, which is impermeable to radiation in the wavelength range of the laser beam 6.
- the stainless steel of the welding mask 16 has the components chromium, nickel, zinc, iron and tin.
- the composition is chosen such that the welding mask 16 in the wavelength range of the laser beam 6 and the measuring range of the pyrometer 18 is substantially absorbing, that is, low in reflection.
- the laser beam 6 has a wavelength of 980 nm here.
- the measuring range of the pyrometer 18 is set to temperatures greater than or equal to 180 ° C, since the melting temperatures of the plastic parts to be joined 12, 14 here in the range of 250 ° C.
- the measuring range would usefully be set to greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
- the measuring sensitivity of the pyrometer 18 was set such that the maximum of the measuring sensitivity of the pyrometer 18 in a spectral range, ie wavelength range, from 1, 9 ⁇ to 2.1 ⁇ .
- the pyrometer 18 and the contour welding head 4 and their arrangement and orientation to the welding mask 16 and the plastic parts 12, 14 are so mutually adapted trained that a circular-shaped measuring spot 20 of the pyrometer 18 in the operation of the contour laser welding device 2, the center of the irradiation spot 8 covers and is smaller than the irradiation spot 8.
- the area of the measuring spot 20 is about 50% of the area of the irradiation spot 8.
- Fig. 1a only the position of the irradiation spot 8 and the measuring spot 20 is illustrated by a circular mark; see also Fig. 1 b.
- the laser beam 6 is emitted by the contour welding head 4 in the direction of plastic parts 12, 14.
- the laser beam 6 passes through a formed in the welding mask 16 passage gap 16.1, penetrates the partially laser-transparent plastic part 14 and meets within the limits of the irradiation spot 8 on the surface 10 of the laser-absorbing plastic part 12.
- the plastic part 12 melts on the surface 10 and thereby released thermal radiation is detected by a radiation receiver of the pyrometer 18, not shown.
- temperature of the irradiation spot 8 can be concluded that the spot quality.
- This also makes it possible to determine whether both plastic parts 12, 14 are present and correctly arranged relative to one another. If, for example, the laser-beam-absorbing plastic part 12 were arranged in the sheet plane in an undesired manner above the partially laser-transparent plastic part 14, a different temperature would be measured by means of the pyrometer 18; The same applies to the case that one of the plastic parts 12, 14 is missing or wrongly located instead of one of the joining parts 12, 14 another part in the joining device 2.
- the contour laser welding device 2 on a drive, not shown, by means of which the contour welding head 4 is moved relative to the plastic parts 12, 14 and the welding mask 16 along the welding line for the weld.
- the contour welding head 4 is moved with the pyrometer 18 by means of the control unit such that the measuring spot 20 of the pyrometer 18 remains within the irradiation spot 8 during the entire joining process, ie along the entire welding line the measuring spot 20 covers the center of the irradiation spot 8 during the entire welding process.
- the control unit such that the measuring spot 20 of the pyrometer 18 remains within the irradiation spot 8 during the entire joining process, ie along the entire welding line the measuring spot 20 covers the center of the irradiation spot 8 during the entire welding process.
- Fig. 1b the irradiation spot 8 and the measuring spot 20 are shown in an enlarged view in a plan view;
- the center of the irradiation spot 8 is marked in Fig. 1 b by means of a cross 21.
- the measuring spot 20 lies both within the boundaries of the irradiation spot 8, as well as its center, ie the intersection of the two lines forming the cross 21, covers.
- an optical output is generated via an output unit, not shown acoustic warning issued.
- the output unit is for this purpose in signal transmission connection with the control unit and thus with the pyrometer 18. An operator of the contour laser welding device 2 can then take appropriate measures to stop the error.
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a joining device according to the invention.
- the second exemplary embodiment has a separate shielding means 22 designed as a flat plate. Shielding means 22 and a welding mask 24 are therefore formed separately from each other here.
- the shielding means 22 is here made of a ceramic of alumina, Al2O3.
- the welding mask 24 is here only designed to bias the two plastic parts 12, 14 against each other. Passage gaps 22.1 required for the laser welding are formed solely in the plate 22. The welding mask 24 does not have any passage gaps influencing the shape of the laser welding.
- the contour welding head 4 unlike the first embodiment, moved horizontally in the sheet plane.
- the laser beam 6 is shielded by the plate 22; only at the three passage columns 22.1, the laser beam 6 pass through the plate 22 and the two plastic parts 12, 14 welded together at the corresponding to the passage gaps 22.1 points. Accordingly, three non-illustrated welds are generated at the end.
- the invention is not limited to the present embodiments. For example, it is possible that other beam-based joining techniques are used. For example, quasi-simultaneous laser welding, simultaneous laser welding or induction welding.
- a single limit temperature for each individual weld is first exceeded once and then falls below once in time.
- the three welds would then be rated as good if the predetermined limit temperature exceeded a total of three times and falls below three times, namely: first exceeded, second undershot, third exceeded, fourth below, fifth exceeded and sixth falls below.
- the first exceeding of the limit temperature would mean the beginning of the first weld and the first falling below the limit temperature the end of the first weld, and so on.
- the lower limit and the upper limit would coincide; So have the same value for the limit temperature.
- different values for the lower and the upper limit are chosen.
- the beam generating unit and / or a drive of the beam generating unit could be controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit.
- the joining device according to the invention could also have a plurality of functionally identical or functionally different heat radiation measuring units.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a joining method for joining two parts to be joined (12, 14), in particular a laser welding method, wherein at least one working beam (6), generated with a beam generation unit (4) controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner by a control unit, acts on an irradiation point (8) of a surface (10) of at least one part to be joined in a material-softening or -melting manner, wherein a shielding means (16) that is impermeable to the radiation of the working beam (6) is arranged between the beam generation unit (4) and the parts to be joined (12, 14). According to the invention, in order to permit a joining quality control occurring during the joining process, the temperature of the irradiation point (8) is measured by means of a heat radiation measuring unit (18) arranged on a side of the shielding means (16) facing away from the two parts to be joined (12, 14), and the shielding means (16) substantially absorbs radiation in the wavelength range of the working beam (6) and the measurement range of the heat radiation measuring unit (18). The invention also relates to a joining device (2) for carrying out the joining method according to the invention.
Description
Fügeverfahren und Fügeeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Fügeverfahrens Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method
Beschreibung description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Fügeverfahren und eine Fügeeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Fügeverfahrens. The present invention relates to a joining method and a joining device for carrying out the joining method.
Derartige Fügeverfahren und Fügeeinrichtungen sind aus dem Stand der Technik in zahlreichen Ausführungsvarianten bereits bekannt. Such joining methods and joining devices are already known from the prior art in numerous design variants.
Aus der EP 0 997 261 B9 ist beispielsweise ein Laserfügeverfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von verschiedenen Kunststoffen oder Kunststoff mit anderen Materialien bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Verfahren wirkt ein mit einer durch eine Steuereinheit gesteuerten oder geregelten Strahlerzeugungseinheit erzeugter Laserstrahl auf einen Bestrahlungsfleck einer Oberfläche eines Fügeteiles materialschmelzend ein, wobei zwischen der Strahlerzeugungseinheit und den Fügeteilen ein für den Laserstrahl undurchlässiges Abschirmmittel angeordnet ist. For example, EP 0 997 261 B9 discloses a laser joining method and a device for connecting different plastics or plastics to other materials. In the known method, a laser beam generated by a beam generating unit controlled or controlled by a control unit acts as a material melt onto an irradiation spot of a surface of an adherend, and a shielding means impermeable to the laser beam is disposed between the beam generating unit and the adherends.
Das Abschirmmittel dient als Schweißmaske, um sehr feine Konturen aus dem Gebiet der Mikromechanik und Mikrosystemstechnik mittels eines linienförmigen Laserstrahls zu schweißen. The shielding agent serves as a welding mask in order to weld very fine contours in the field of micromechanics and microsystem technology by means of a linear laser beam.
Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung an. This is where the present invention begins.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine während des Fügeprozesses erfolgende Fügequalitätskontrolle zu ermöglichen. The object of the present invention is to enable joint quality control to take place during the joining process.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Fügeverfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch eine Fügeeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens sowie der erfin- dungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung liegt insbesondere darin, dass die Fügequalitätskontrolle berührungslos erfolgt. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft bei Fügeteilen, bei denen sich die Fügefläche nicht an der Oberfläche der gefügten Fügeteile, sondern im Inneren des dadurch hergestellten Teils befindet. Darüber hinaus unterliegt eine berührungslose Kontrolle keinem durch die Berührung mit den Fügeteilen verursachten Verschleiß; entsprechend werden auch die Fügeteile durch die Kontrolle nicht beschädigt. This object is achieved by a joining method with the features of claim 1 and by a joining device with the features of claim 5. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention. A significant advantage of the joining method according to the invention as well as the joining device according to the invention lies in particular in the fact that the joining quality control takes place without contact. This is particularly advantageous in the case of joining parts in which the joining surface is not located on the surface of the joined parts to be joined, but in the interior of the part produced thereby. In addition, non-contact control is not subject to wear caused by contact with the parts to be joined; Accordingly, the parts to be joined are not damaged by the inspection.
Die Messung der Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks liefert dabei eine sichere Aussage über die Qualität der Verbindung, beispielsweise der Schweißnaht. Hierfür ist es erforderlich, mit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit ein ausreichend hohes Messsignal zu empfangen. Ferner sind Störsignale von der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit fernzuhalten; also Messsignale, die nicht von dem Bestrahlungsfleck stammen. Beides wird durch das Abschirmmittel gewährleistet. The measurement of the temperature of the irradiation spot provides a reliable statement about the quality of the connection, for example, the weld. For this purpose, it is necessary to receive a sufficiently high measurement signal with the heat radiation measuring unit. Furthermore, spurious signals are to be kept away from the heat radiation measuring unit; So measurement signals that are not from the irradiation spot. Both are ensured by the shielding.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens sieht vor, dass der Arbeitsstrahl der Strahlerzeugungseinheit und/oder ein Strahlungsempfänger der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit mittels der Steuereinheit während des Fügeprozesses derart bewegt wird/werden, dass ein Messfleck der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit während des gesamten Fügeprozesses innerhalb des Bestrahlungsflecks, insbesondere das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks abdeckend, bleibt. Hierdurch ist die Genauigkeit der Temperaturmessung gesteigert und damit eine verbesserte Aussage über die Qualität der Verbindung erzielt. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the joining method according to the invention provides that the working beam of the beam generating unit and / or a radiation receiver of the heat radiation measuring unit is moved by the control unit during the joining process such that a measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit during the entire joining process within the irradiation spot, in particular the center covering the irradiation spot remains. As a result, the accuracy of the temperature measurement is increased and thus achieved an improved statement about the quality of the connection.
Im Idealfall sind die Zentren des Messflecks und des Bestrahlungsflecks während des gesamten Fügeprozesses deckungsgleich. Eine gute Lagetreue der Zentren zueinander lässt sich beispielsweise durch einen als Achssystem ausgebildeten Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit erzielen. Eine Bewegungsumkehr, also die Bewegung der Fügeteile anstelle der Strahlerzeugungseinheit, ist von der Erfindung mit umfasst.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens sieht vor, dass mittels einer mit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit signalübertragend verbundenen Ausgabeeinheit eine akustische und/oder optische Warnung in Abhängigkeit davon ausgegeben wird, ob ein oder mehrere Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit eine vorher festgelegte Unter- und/oder Obergrenze unter- und/oder überschreiten. Auf diese Weise ist ein schneller Eingriff durch eine Bedienperson ermöglicht. Ideally, the centers of the measuring spot and the irradiation spot are congruent during the entire joining process. A good positional fidelity of the centers to each other can be achieved, for example, by means of a drive of the jet generating unit designed as an axle system. A reversal of motion, ie the movement of the joining parts instead of the beam generating unit, is included in the invention. Another advantageous further development of the joining method according to the invention provides that an acoustic and / or optical warning is output by means of an output unit signal-transmittingly connected to the heat radiation measuring unit depending on whether one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit have a previously defined lower and / or upper limit. and / or exceed. In this way, a quick intervention by an operator is possible.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die Strahlerzeugungseinheit und/oder ein Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit gesteuert oder geregelt wird/werden. Hierdurch ist der Automatisierungsgrad gesteigert, was zu einer Entlastung der Bedienperson führt. A particularly advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that the beam generation unit and / or a drive of the beam generation unit are controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measurement unit. As a result, the degree of automation is increased, which leads to a discharge of the operator.
Beispielsweise kann es sich um die Steuerung oder Regelung der Verfahrgesch windigkeit des Arbeitsstrahls oder von dessen Leistung handeln, um so eine homogene Fügequalität über einen längeren Fügebereich, beispielsweise eine Schweißnaht, zu erzielen. For example, it may be the control or regulation of the Verfahrgesch wind speed of the working beam or its performance, so as to achieve a homogeneous joint quality over a longer joint area, such as a weld.
Grundsätzlich ist die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit nach Art und Anordnung in weiten geeigneten Grenzen frei wählbar. Voreilhafterweise ist die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit als ein Pyrometer oder als eine Wärmebildkamera ausgebildet. Basically, the heat radiation measuring unit according to type and arrangement freely selectable within wide suitable limits. Advantageously, the heat radiation measuring unit is designed as a pyrometer or as a thermal imaging camera.
Pyrometer sind bewährte Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheiten, die eine schnelle Temperaturmessung ermöglichen. Pyrometers are proven heat radiation measuring units that enable fast temperature measurement.
Wärmebildkameras haben gegenüber Pyrometern den Vorteil, dass eine größere Fläche gleichzeitig kontrolliert werden kann. Thermal imaging cameras have the advantage over pyrometers that a larger area can be controlled simultaneously.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung sieht vor, dass die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit an oder in der Strahlerzeugungseinheit
angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise ist eine kompakte Bauweise der Fügeeinrichtung ermöglicht. A further advantageous development of the joining device according to the invention provides that the heat radiation measuring unit on or in the beam generating unit is arranged. In this way, a compact design of the joining device is possible.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung sieht vor, dass ein Messfleck der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit derart ausgebildet ist, dass dieser im Betrieb der Fügeeinrichtung das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks abdeckt und kleiner als der Bestrahlungsfleck ist, insbesondere ist die Fläche des Messflecks kleiner oder gleich 80% der Fläche des Bestrahlungsflecks. Hierdurch ist die Genauigkeit der Temperaturmessung gesteigert und damit eine verbesserte Aussage über die Qualität der Verbindung erzielt. Another advantageous development of the joining device according to the invention provides that a measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit is designed such that it covers the center of the irradiation spot during operation of the joining device and is smaller than the irradiation spot, in particular the surface of the measuring spot is less than or equal to 80% of the area of the irradiation spot. As a result, the accuracy of the temperature measurement is increased and thus achieved an improved statement about the quality of the connection.
Grundsätzlich sind der Messbereich der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit sowie die Lage der maximalen Messempfindlichkeit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit in weiten geeigneten Grenzen frei wählbar. In principle, the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit and the position of the maximum measuring sensitivity of the heat radiation measuring unit are freely selectable within wide suitable limits.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Messbereich der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit auf größer oder gleich 180°C, insbesondere größer oder gleich 80°C, eingestellt. Conveniently, the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit is set to greater than or equal to 180 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
Ferner ist es sinnvoll, dass das Maximum der Messempfindlichkeit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit in einem Spektralbereich von 1 ,9 μιτι bis 2,4 μιτι, insbesondere 1 ,9 μιτι bis 2,1 μιτι, liegt. Furthermore, it makes sense that the maximum of the measuring sensitivity of the heat radiation measuring unit in a spectral range from 1, 9 μιτι to 2.4 μιτι, in particular 1, 9 μιτι to 2.1 μιτι, is.
Die beiden vorgenannten Weiterbildungen sind insbesondere vorteilhaft bei Fügeteilen, bei denen mindestens ein Fügeteil als ein Kunststoffteil ausgebildet ist. The two aforementioned refinements are particularly advantageous in the case of joining parts, in which at least one joining part is designed as a plastic part.
Das Abschirmmittel ist nach Art, Material, Form, Dimensionierung und Anordnung in weiten geeigneten Grenzen frei wählbar. The shielding agent can be freely selected according to type, material, shape, dimensioning and arrangement within wide suitable limits.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Abschirmmittel als eine Schweißmaske der Fügeeinrichtung ausgebildet. Hierdurch ist das Abschirmmittel auf konstruktiv besonders einfache und platzsparende Weise realisiert.
Eine dazu alternative Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass das Abschirnnnnittel als ein separates Bauteil der Fügeeinrichtung ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch lässt sich das Abschirnnnnittel besonders gut nach dessen Funktion gestalten. Auch ist es dadurch möglich, voneinander verschiedene Abschirnnnnittel zu bevorraten und je nach Anwendungsfall die erfindungsgemäße Fügeeinrichtung auf das geeignete Abschirnnnnittel umzurüsten, ohne das andere Bauteile der Fügeeinrichtung gewechselt werden müssen. Advantageously, the shielding means is formed as a welding mask of the joining device. As a result, the shielding is realized in a structurally particularly simple and space-saving manner. An alternative development provides that the Abschirnnnnittel is formed as a separate component of the joining device. This makes the Abschirnnnnittel particularly well to its function. This also makes it possible to store different types of scrapers and, depending on the application, to convert the joining device according to the invention to the suitable scarfing device without having to exchange the other components of the joining device.
Eine andere alternative Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung sieht vor, dass das Abschirmmittel als eine Beschichtung eines Bauteils der Fügeeinrichtung, insbesondere einer Schweißmaske, ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise ist das Abschirmmittel sehr platz- und materialsparend verwirklicht. Another alternative development of the joining device according to the invention provides that the shielding means is designed as a coating of a component of the joining device, in particular a welding mask. In this way, the shielding is realized very space and material saving.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Abschirmmittel aus Edelstahl oder Aluminiumkeramik hergestellt oder es weist eine Beschichtung aus Edelstahl oder Aluminiumkeramik auf. Vorzugsweise ist das Abschirm mittel gewalzt und/oder die Oberfläche des Abschirmmittels aufgeraut, beispielsweise dadurch, dass diese vorab mit aufrauenden Mitteln bestrahlt worden ist. Conveniently, the shielding means is made of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics or it has a coating of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics. Preferably, the shield is rolled medium and / or the surface of the shielding roughened, for example, by having been previously irradiated with roughening agents.
Anhand der beigefügten, grob schematischen Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt: Reference to the accompanying, rough schematic drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail below. Showing:
Fig. 1 a ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung in einer vereinfachten, geschnittenen Frontansicht; 1 a shows a first embodiment of a joining device according to the invention in a simplified, sectional front view;
Fig. 1 b den Bestrahlungsfleck und den Messfleck des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels in einer Detailansicht von oben und Fig. 1 b, the irradiation spot and the measuring spot of the first embodiment in a detailed view from above and
Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung in einer zur Fig. 1 a analogen Darstellung. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a joining device according to the invention in an analogous to Fig. 1 a representation.
Im Nachfolgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Fügeverfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Fügeeinrichtung anhand der Fig. näher erläutert.
Gleiche oder gleichwirkende Bauteile sind in den Fig. mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. In the following, the joining method according to the invention and the joining device according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. The same or equivalent components are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine als Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung ausgebildete Fügeeinrichtung 2 mit einer als Konturschweißkopf ausgebildeten Strahlerzeugungseinheit 4. Der Konturschweißkopf 4 wird durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuereinheit der Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung 2 gesteuert. FIG. 1 shows a joining device 2 designed as a contour laser welding device with a beam generating unit 4 designed as a contour welding head. The contour welding head 4 is controlled by a control unit (not shown) of the contour laser welding device 2.
Im Betrieb der Fügeeinrichtung 2 wirkt der Konturschweißkopf 4 mit einem durch einen Pfeil symbolisch dargestellten als Laserstrahl ausgebildeten Arbeitsstrahl 6 auf einen Bestrahlungsfleck 8 einer Oberfläche 10 eines als laserstrahlabsorbierendes Kunststoffteil ausgebildetes erstes Fügeteil 12 materialschmelzend ein. Das Kunststoffteil 12 ist auf dem Fachmann bekannte Weise auf einer Aufnahme 13 gehalten. During operation of the joining device 2, the contour welding head 4 acts with a working beam 6 formed symbolically by an arrow on an irradiation spot 8 of a surface 10 of a first joining part 12 designed as a laser-absorbing plastic part. The plastic part 12 is held on a receptacle 13 in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
Das zweite Fügeteil 14 ist als teilweise laserstrahltransparentes Kunststoffteil 14 ausgebildet, so dass der Laserstrahl 6 das Kunststoffteil 14 teilweise durchdringen kann, um das Kunststoffteil 12 an dessen Oberfläche 10 aufzuschmelzen. The second joining part 14 is designed as a partially laser-transparent plastic part 14, so that the laser beam 6 can partially penetrate the plastic part 14 in order to melt the plastic part 12 on its surface 10.
Beide Kunststoffteile 12, 14 werden auf dem Fachmann bekannte Weise im Bereich des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 miteinander stoffschlüssig verbunden. Der Bestrahlungsfleck 8 ist hier kreisflächenartig ausgebildet. Jedoch sind auch andere Geometrien denkbar. Both plastic parts 12, 14 are connected to one another in a material-locking manner in the region of the irradiation spot 8 in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. The irradiation spot 8 is formed here like a circular surface. However, other geometries are conceivable.
Zwischen dem Konturschweißkopf 4 und den Kunststoffteilen 12, 14 ist ein für die Strahlung des Laserstrahls 6 undurchlässiges Abschirmmittel 16 angeordnet. Das Abschirmmittel 16 ist hier als Schweißmaske 16 ausgebildet und aus Edelstahl hergestellt. Die Schweißmaske 16 dient dazu, die beiden Fügeteile 12, 14 vor der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung gegeneinander vorzuspannen, also gegeneinander zu drücken. Between the contour welding head 4 and the plastic parts 12, 14 a for the radiation of the laser beam 6 impermeable shielding 16 is arranged. The shielding means 16 is designed here as a welding mask 16 and made of stainless steel. The welding mask 16 serves to bias the two joining parts 12, 14 against each other before the integral connection, ie to press against each other.
Ferner weist die Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung 2 eine als Pyrometer ausgebildete Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit 18 zur Messung der Temperatur des Bestrahlungs-
flecks 8 auf. Das Pyrometer 18 ist in den Konturschweißkopf 4 eingebaut und mit der nicht dargestellten Steuereinheit signalübertragend verbunden. Furthermore, the contour laser welding device 2 has a heat radiation measuring unit 18 designed as a pyrometer for measuring the temperature of the irradiation spot 8 on. The pyrometer 18 is installed in the contour welding head 4 and connected to the control unit, not shown, signal transmitting.
Hierfür weist der Konturschweißkopf 4 eine in der Blattebene links angeordnete Fasereinkopplung 4.1 auf, deren Laserstrahl 6 mittels eines teildurchlässigen Spiegels 4.2 in Richtung Kunststoffteile 12, 14 umgeleitet wird. Der Spiegel 4.2 reflektiert in dem Wellenlängenbereich des Laserstrahls 6 und ist für die Wärmestrahlung der gefügten Kunststoffteile 12, 14, zumindest im Messbereich des Pyrometers 18, teilweise durchlässig. Um ungewünschte Störstrahlung des Laserstrahls 6 von dem Pyrometer 18 fernzuhalten, ist hier zusätzlich ein Filter 4.3 eingebaut, das für Strahlung in dem Wellenlängenbereich des Laserstrahls 6 undurchlässig ist. For this purpose, the contour welding head 4 on the left in the sheet plane arranged fiber coupling 4.1, the laser beam 6 is redirected by means of a partially transparent mirror 4.2 in the direction of plastic parts 12, 14. The mirror 4.2 reflects in the wavelength range of the laser beam 6 and is for the heat radiation of the joined plastic parts 12, 14, at least in the measuring range of the pyrometer 18, partially transmissive. In order to keep unwanted spurious radiation of the laser beam 6 from the pyrometer 18, a filter 4.3 is additionally incorporated here, which is impermeable to radiation in the wavelength range of the laser beam 6.
Der Edelstahl der Schweißmaske 16 weist die Bestandteile Chrom, Nickel, Zink, Eisen und Zinn auf. Die Zusammensetzung ist derart gewählt, dass die Schweißmaske 16 in dem Wellenlängenbereich des Laserstrahls 6 und des Messbereichs des Pyrometers 18 im Wesentlichen absorbierend, also reflexionsarm, ist. The stainless steel of the welding mask 16 has the components chromium, nickel, zinc, iron and tin. The composition is chosen such that the welding mask 16 in the wavelength range of the laser beam 6 and the measuring range of the pyrometer 18 is substantially absorbing, that is, low in reflection.
Der Laserstrahl 6 weist hier eine Wellenlänge von 980 nm auf. Der Messbereich des Pyrometers 18 ist auf Temperaturen größer oder gleich 180°C eingestellt, da die Schmelztemperaturen der zu fügenden Kunststoffteile 12, 14 hier im Bereich von 250°C liegen. The laser beam 6 has a wavelength of 980 nm here. The measuring range of the pyrometer 18 is set to temperatures greater than or equal to 180 ° C, since the melting temperatures of the plastic parts to be joined 12, 14 here in the range of 250 ° C.
Bei anderen Kunststoffen, beispielsweise bei Kunststoffen die bereits unter 100°C erweichen, würde der Messbereich sinnvollerweise größer oder gleich 80°C eingestellt werden. For other plastics, for example plastics which soften below 100 ° C, the measuring range would usefully be set to greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
Die Messempfindlichkeit des Pyrometers 18 wurde derart eingestellt, dass das Maximum der Messempfindlichkeit des Pyrometers 18 in einem Spektralbereich, also Wellenlängenbereich, von 1 ,9 μιτι bis 2,1 μιτι liegt. The measuring sensitivity of the pyrometer 18 was set such that the maximum of the measuring sensitivity of the pyrometer 18 in a spectral range, ie wavelength range, from 1, 9 μιτι to 2.1 μιτι.
Das Pyrometer 18 und der Konturschweißkopf 4 sowie deren Anordnung und Ausrichtung zu der Schweißmaske 16 und den Kunststoffteilen 12, 14 sind derart aufeinander
abgestimmt ausgebildet, dass ein kreisflächenförmiger Messfleck 20 des Pyrometers 18 im Betrieb der Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung 2 das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 abdeckt und kleiner als der Bestrahlungsfleck 8 ist. In dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt die Fläche des Messflecks 20 etwa 50% der Fläche des Bestrahlungsflecks 8. The pyrometer 18 and the contour welding head 4 and their arrangement and orientation to the welding mask 16 and the plastic parts 12, 14 are so mutually adapted trained that a circular-shaped measuring spot 20 of the pyrometer 18 in the operation of the contour laser welding device 2, the center of the irradiation spot 8 covers and is smaller than the irradiation spot 8. In the first embodiment, the area of the measuring spot 20 is about 50% of the area of the irradiation spot 8.
In Fig. 1 a ist lediglich die Lage des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 und des Messflecks 20 durch eine kreisförmige Markierung verdeutlicht; siehe hierzu auch Fig. 1 b. In Fig. 1a, only the position of the irradiation spot 8 and the measuring spot 20 is illustrated by a circular mark; see also Fig. 1 b.
Das Konturlaserschweißverfahren wird nachfolgend erläutert: The contour laser welding process is explained below:
Der Laserstrahl 6 wird von dem Konturschweißkopf 4 in Richtung Kunststoffteile 12, 14 abgestrahlt. Dabei passiert der Laserstrahl 6 einen in der Schweißmaske 16 ausgebildeten Durchtrittsspalt 16.1 , durchdringt das teilweise lasertransparente Kunststoffteil 14 und trifft in den Grenzen des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 auf die Oberfläche 10 des laserabsorbierenden Kunststoffteils 12. Das Kunststoffteil 12 schmilzt an dessen Oberfläche 10 auf und dabei freigesetzte Wärmestrahlung wird durch einen nicht dargestellten Strahlungsempfänger des Pyrometers 18 erfasst. The laser beam 6 is emitted by the contour welding head 4 in the direction of plastic parts 12, 14. In this case, the laser beam 6 passes through a formed in the welding mask 16 passage gap 16.1, penetrates the partially laser-transparent plastic part 14 and meets within the limits of the irradiation spot 8 on the surface 10 of the laser-absorbing plastic part 12. The plastic part 12 melts on the surface 10 and thereby released thermal radiation is detected by a radiation receiver of the pyrometer 18, not shown.
Durch das als Schweißmaske ausgebildete Abschirm mittel 16 wird dabei wirksam verhindert, dass Störstrahlung die zu fehlerhaften Messergebnissen führt, von den Kunststoffteilen 12, 14 zu dem Pyrometer 18 gelangt. By trained as a welding mask shielding means 16 is effectively prevented that interfering radiation leads to erroneous measurement results, passes from the plastic parts 12, 14 to the pyrometer 18.
Über die auf diese Weise ermittelte Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 kann auf die Schweißpunktqualität geschlossen werden. Auch lässt sich dadurch ermitteln, ob beide Kunststoffteile 12, 14 vorhanden und zueinander richtig angeordnet sind. Wäre beispielsweise das laserstrahlabsorbierende Kunststoffteil 12 in der Blattebene in ungewünschter Weise oberhalb des teilweise laserstrahltransparenten Kunststoffteils 14 angeordnet, so würde mittels des Pyrometers 18 eine andere Temperatur gemessen; gleiches gilt für den Fall, dass eines der Kunststoffteile 12, 14 fehlt oder sich fälschlicherweise anstelle eines der Fügeteile 12, 14 ein anderes Teil in der Fügeeinrichtung 2 befindet.
Bei dem Konturlaserschweißverfahren wird jedoch nicht nur an einem einzigen Punkt geschweißt, sondern es wird eine in die Blattebene senkrecht hinein verlaufende, nicht dargestellte Schweißnaht hergestellt. Hierfür weist die Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung 2 einen nicht dargestellten Antrieb auf, mittels dessen der Konturschweißkopf 4 relativ zu den Kunststoffteilen 12, 14 und der Schweißmaske 16 längs der Schweißlinie für die Schweißnaht verfahren wird. On the determined in this way temperature of the irradiation spot 8 can be concluded that the spot quality. This also makes it possible to determine whether both plastic parts 12, 14 are present and correctly arranged relative to one another. If, for example, the laser-beam-absorbing plastic part 12 were arranged in the sheet plane in an undesired manner above the partially laser-transparent plastic part 14, a different temperature would be measured by means of the pyrometer 18; The same applies to the case that one of the plastic parts 12, 14 is missing or wrongly located instead of one of the joining parts 12, 14 another part in the joining device 2. In the contour laser welding process, however, not only at a single point is welded, but it is produced in the plane of a sheet extending vertically into it, not shown weld. For this purpose, the contour laser welding device 2 on a drive, not shown, by means of which the contour welding head 4 is moved relative to the plastic parts 12, 14 and the welding mask 16 along the welding line for the weld.
Selbstverständlich wäre auch ein Bewegen der Aufnahme 13 und damit der Kunststoffteile 12, 14 und der Schweißmaske 16 denkbar, während der Konturschweißkopf 4 während des gesamten Fügeprozesses ortsfest bleibt. Of course, a movement of the receptacle 13 and thus the plastic parts 12, 14 and the welding mask 16 would be conceivable, while the contour welding head 4 remains stationary during the entire joining process.
Entsprechend ergibt sich eine Mehrzahl von entlang der Schweißlinie aneinander gereihter Bestrahlungsflecke 8. Correspondingly, a plurality of irradiation spots 8 which are lined up along the welding line result.
Bei dem Abfahren der nicht dargestellten Schweißlinie durch den Laserstrahl 6 wird der Konturschweißkopf 4 mit dem Pyrometer 18 mittels der Steuereinheit derart bewegt, dass der Messfleck 20 des Pyrometers 18 während des gesamten Fügeprozesses, also entlang der ganzen Schweißlinie, innerhalb des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 bleibt, wobei der Messfleck 20 während des gesamten Schweißvorgangs das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 abdeckt. Hierdurch ist eine hohe Genauigkeit der Temperaturmessung gewährleistet. When the welding line, not shown, is moved by the laser beam 6, the contour welding head 4 is moved with the pyrometer 18 by means of the control unit such that the measuring spot 20 of the pyrometer 18 remains within the irradiation spot 8 during the entire joining process, ie along the entire welding line the measuring spot 20 covers the center of the irradiation spot 8 during the entire welding process. As a result, a high accuracy of the temperature measurement is ensured.
In Fig. 1 b ist der Bestrahlungsfleck 8 und der Messfleck 20 in einer vergrößerten Darstellung in einer Draufsicht gezeigt; also in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Bildebene von Fig. 1 a mit Blickrichtung von oben auf die Kunststoffteile 12, 14. Das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 ist in Fig. 1 b mittels eines Kreuzes 21 markiert. Deutlich zu erkennen ist, dass der Messfleck 20 sowohl in den Grenzen des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 liegt, wie auch dessen Zentrum, also den Schnittpunkt der beiden das Kreuz 21 bildenden Linien, abdeckt.
Sollte die Schweißnaht an einem Punkt der Schweißung nicht die gewünschte Qualität aufweisen, also die mittels des Pyrometers 18 gemessene Temperatur eines Bestrahlungsflecks 8 entlang der Schweißlinie eine vorher festgelegte Untergrenze unterschreiten oder eine vorher festgelegte Obergrenze überschreiten, so wird über eine nicht dargestellte Ausgabeeinheit eine optische und akustische Warnung ausgegeben. Die Ausgabeeinheit steht hierfür in Signalübertragungsverbindung mit der Steuereinheit und damit mit dem Pyrometer 18. Eine Bedienperson der Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung 2 kann dann entsprechende Maßnahmen ergreifen, um den Fehler abzustellen. In Fig. 1b, the irradiation spot 8 and the measuring spot 20 are shown in an enlarged view in a plan view; Thus, in a plane perpendicular to the image plane of Fig. 1a with a view from above on the plastic parts 12, 14. The center of the irradiation spot 8 is marked in Fig. 1 b by means of a cross 21. It can be clearly seen that the measuring spot 20 lies both within the boundaries of the irradiation spot 8, as well as its center, ie the intersection of the two lines forming the cross 21, covers. If the weld does not have the desired quality at a point of the weld, ie if the temperature of an irradiation spot 8 measured along the weld line falls below a predefined lower limit or exceeds a predetermined upper limit, then an optical output is generated via an output unit, not shown acoustic warning issued. The output unit is for this purpose in signal transmission connection with the control unit and thus with the pyrometer 18. An operator of the contour laser welding device 2 can then take appropriate measures to stop the error.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a joining device according to the invention.
Im Unterschied zu dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel ein als ebene Platte ausgebildetes, separates Abschirmmittel 22 auf. Abschirmmittel 22 und eine Schweißmaske 24 sind hier also voneinander getrennt ausgebildet. Darüber hinaus ist das Abschirmmittel 22 hier aus einer Keramik aus Aluminiumoxid, AI2O3, hergestellt. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the second exemplary embodiment has a separate shielding means 22 designed as a flat plate. Shielding means 22 and a welding mask 24 are therefore formed separately from each other here. In addition, the shielding means 22 is here made of a ceramic of alumina, Al2O3.
Ferner ist die Schweißmaske 24 hier lediglich dazu ausgebildet, die beiden Kunststoffteile 12, 14 gegeneinander vorzuspannen. Für die Laserschweißung erforderliche Durchtrittsspalte 22.1 sind allein in der Platte 22 ausgebildet. Die Schweißmaske 24 weist hier keinerlei die Form der Laserschweißung beeinflussende Durchtrittsspalte auf. Furthermore, the welding mask 24 is here only designed to bias the two plastic parts 12, 14 against each other. Passage gaps 22.1 required for the laser welding are formed solely in the plate 22. The welding mask 24 does not have any passage gaps influencing the shape of the laser welding.
In dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Konturschweißkopf 4, anders als im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, in der Blattebene waagrecht verfahren. Dabei wird der Laserstrahl 6 durch die Platte 22 abgeschirmt; lediglich an den drei Durchtrittsspalten 22.1 kann der Laserstrahl 6 die Platte 22 passieren und an den zu den Durchtrittsspalten 22.1 korrespondierenden Stellen die beiden Kunststoffteile 12, 14 miteinander verschweißen. Entsprechend sind am Ende drei nicht dargestellte Schweißnähte erzeugt.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiele begrenzt. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, dass auch andere strahlgestützte Fügetechniken zum Einsatz kommen. Beispielsweise Quasi-Simultanlaserschweißen, Simultanlaserschweißen oder Induktionsschweißen. In the second embodiment, the contour welding head 4, unlike the first embodiment, moved horizontally in the sheet plane. In this case, the laser beam 6 is shielded by the plate 22; only at the three passage columns 22.1, the laser beam 6 pass through the plate 22 and the two plastic parts 12, 14 welded together at the corresponding to the passage gaps 22.1 points. Accordingly, three non-illustrated welds are generated at the end. The invention is not limited to the present embodiments. For example, it is possible that other beam-based joining techniques are used. For example, quasi-simultaneous laser welding, simultaneous laser welding or induction welding.
Darüber hinaus sind auch Fügeteile aus anderen Materialien und auch Fügeteile aus voneinander verschiedenen Materialien denkbar. In addition, also joining parts made of other materials and also joining parts of different materials are conceivable.
Abweichend von den beiden Ausführungsbeispielen ist es auch denkbar, dass beispielsweise eine vorher festgelegte Anzahl von Unterschreitungen einer vorher festgelegten Untergrenze und/oder eine vorher festgelegte Anzahl von Überschreitungen einer vorher festgelegten Obergrenze für die mittels der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit gemessene Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks oder der Bestrahlungsflecke die Güte einer oder mehrerer Fügungen anzeigen. Notwithstanding the two embodiments, it is also conceivable that, for example, a predetermined number of underruns of a predetermined lower limit and / or a predetermined number of exceedances of a predetermined upper limit for the measured by the heat radiation measuring unit temperature of the irradiation spot or the irradiation spots the quality of or multiple additions.
Beispielsweise könnte es für eine ausreichende Güte von den drei Schweißungen des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels erforderlich sein, dass eine einzige Grenztemperatur für jede einzelne Schweißnaht zuerst einmal Überschritten wird und zeitlich danach einmal Unterschritten wird. For example, it may be necessary for a sufficient quality of the three welds of the second embodiment, that a single limit temperature for each individual weld is first exceeded once and then falls below once in time.
Entsprechend würden die drei Schweißungen dann als in Ordnung bewertet werden, wenn die vorher festgelegte Grenztemperatur insgesamt dreimal überschritten und dreimal unterschritten wird, nämlich: erstens überschritten, zweitens unterschritten, drittens überschritten, viertens unterschritten, fünftens überschritten und sechstens unterschritten wird. Accordingly, the three welds would then be rated as good if the predetermined limit temperature exceeded a total of three times and falls below three times, namely: first exceeded, second undershot, third exceeded, fourth below, fifth exceeded and sixth falls below.
Dabei würde das erste Überschreiten der Grenztemperatur den Beginn der ersten Schweißnaht und das erste Unterschreiten der Grenztemperatur das Ende der ersten Schweißnaht bedeuten und so weiter.
In dem vorliegenden Fall würden also Untergrenze und Obergrenze zusammenfallen; also den gleichen Wert für die Grenztemperatur aufweisen. Jedoch ist es auch möglich, dass in anders gelagerten Fällen voneinander verschiedene Werte für die Unter- und die Obergrenze gewählt werden. In this case, the first exceeding of the limit temperature would mean the beginning of the first weld and the first falling below the limit temperature the end of the first weld, and so on. In the present case, therefore, the lower limit and the upper limit would coincide; So have the same value for the limit temperature. However, it is also possible that in different cases different values for the lower and the upper limit are chosen.
Anstelle mittels einer Ausgabeeinheit eine Warnung an eine Bedienperson der Fügeeinrichtung auszugeben, wäre es auch möglich, dass die Strahlerzeugungseinheit und/oder ein Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit gesteuert oder geregelt wird/werden. Instead of issuing a warning to an operator of the joining device by means of an output unit, it would also be possible for the beam generating unit and / or a drive of the beam generating unit to be controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit.
Für anders gelagerte Anwendungsfälle wäre anstelle eines Pyrometers auch eine Wärmebildkamera sinnvoll einsetzbar. Die erfindungsgemäße Fügeeinrichtung könnte auch eine Mehrzahl von funktionsgleichen oder funktionsunterschiedlichen Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheiten aufweisen. For different applications, instead of a pyrometer, a thermal imaging camera would also be useful. The joining device according to the invention could also have a plurality of functionally identical or functionally different heat radiation measuring units.
Im Unterschied zu den Ausführungsbeispielen wäre es auch denkbar, nicht die vollständige Schweißmaske, oder die vollständige Platte als Abschirm mittel auszubilden, sondern die Schweißmaske, oder einen anderen geeigneten Träger mit einer als Abschirmmittel wirkenden Beschichtung zu versehen.
In contrast to the embodiments, it would also be conceivable not to form the complete welding mask, or the complete plate as a shield, but to provide the welding mask, or other suitable carrier with a coating acting as a shielding coating.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
2 Fugeeinnchtung, als Konturlaserschweißeinnchtung ausgebildet2 Fugeeinnchtung, designed as Konturlaserschweißeinnchtung
4 Strahlerzeugungseinheit, als Konturschweißkopf ausgebildet 4 beam generating unit, designed as a contour welding head
4.1 Fasereinkopplung 4.1 fiber input
4.2 Teildurchlässiger Spiegel 4.2 Partly transparent mirror
4.3 Filter 4.3 Filter
6 Arbeitsstrahl, als Laserstrahl ausgebildet 6 working beam, designed as a laser beam
8 Bestrahlungsfleck 8 irradiation spot
10 Oberfläche des ersten Fügeteils 12 10 surface of the first joining part 12
12 Erstes Fügeteil, als laserstrahlabsorbierendes Kunststoffteil ausgebildet 12 First joining part, designed as a laser-absorbing plastic part
13 Aufnahme 13 recording
14 Zweites Fügeteil, als laserstrahltransparendes Kunststoffteil ausgebildet 16 Abschirmm ittel, als Schweißmaske ausgebildet 14 second joining part, designed as a laser-beam-transparent plastic part 16 shielding medium, designed as a welding mask
16.1 Durchtrittsspalt in dem Abschirmmittel 16 16.1 passage gap in the shielding means 16
18 Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit, als Pyrometer ausgebildet 18 heat radiation measuring unit, designed as a pyrometer
20 Messfleck der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit 18 20 measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit 18
21 Kreuz, dass das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks 8 markiert 21 cross that marks the center of the irradiation spot 8
22 Abschirmmittel, als separate Platte ausgebildet 22 shielding, formed as a separate plate
22.1 Durchtrittsspalt in dem Abschirmmittel 22 22.1 passage gap in the shielding 22nd
24 Schweißmaske, ohne Funktion als Abschirmmittel
24 Welding mask, without function as shielding agent
Claims
1 . Fügeverfahren zum Fügen von zwei Fügeteilen, insbesondere Laserschweißverfahren, 1 . Joining method for joining two parts to be joined, in particular laser welding methods,
bei dem mindestens ein mit einer durch eine Steuereinheit gesteuerten oder geregelten Strahlerzeugungseinheit erzeugter Arbeitsstrahl auf einen Bestrahlungsfleck einer Oberfläche mindestens eines Fügeteiles materialerweichend oder -schmelzend einwirkt, wobei zwischen der Strahlerzeugungseinheit und den Fügeteilen ein für die Strahlung des Arbeitsstrahles undurchlässiges Abschirmmittel angeordnet ist, in which at least one working beam generated by a control unit controlled or regulated by a control unit acts on a surface of at least one adherend in a softening or melting manner, wherein a shielding means impermeable to the radiation of the working beam is arranged between the beam generating unit and the adherends;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass mittels einer auf einer den beiden Fügeteilen (12, 14) abgewandten Seite des Abschirmmittels (16; 22) angeordneten Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) die Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks (8) gemessen wird und das Abschirmmittel (16; 22) Strahlung in dem Wellenlängenbereich des Arbeitsstrahles (6) und des Messbereichs der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) im Wesentlichen absorbiert. in that the temperature of the irradiation spot (8) is measured by means of a heat radiation measuring unit (18) arranged on a side of the shielding means (16; 22) facing away from the two joining parts (12, 14) and the shielding means (16; 22) radiation in the wavelength range of the working beam (6) and the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) is substantially absorbed.
2. Fügeverfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. joining method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Arbeitsstrahl (6) der Strahlerzeugungseinheit (4) und/oder ein Strahlungsempfänger der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) mittels der Steuereinheit während des Fügeprozesses derart bewegt wird/werden, dass ein Messfleck (20) der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) während des gesamten Fügeprozesses innerhalb des Bestrahlungsflecks (8), insbesondere das Zentrum (21 ) des Bestrahlungsflecks (8) abdeckend, bleibt. that the working beam (6) of the beam generating unit (4) and / or a radiation receiver of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) is / are moved by the control unit during the joining process such that a measuring spot (20) of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) during the entire joining process within the Irradiation spot (8), in particular covering the center (21) of the irradiation spot (8) remains.
3. Fügeverfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. joining method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass mittels einer mit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) signalübertra-
gend verbundenen Ausgabeeinheit eine akustische und/oder optische Warnung in Abhängigkeit davon ausgegeben wird, ob ein oder mehrere Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) eine vorher festgelegte Unter- und/oder Obergrenze unter- und/oder überschreiten. that by means of a signal transmitted by the heat radiation measuring unit (18) output-connected unit outputs an audible and / or visual warning as a function of whether one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) undershoot and / or exceed a predetermined lower and / or upper limit.
4. Fügeverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. joining method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Strahlerzeugungseinheit (4) und/oder ein Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit (4) in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) gesteuert oder geregelt wird/werden. the beam generating unit (4) and / or a drive of the beam generating unit (4) are controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit (18).
5. Fügeeinrichtung zum Fügen von zwei Fügeteilen, insbesondere Laserschweißeinrichtung, zur Durchführung eines Fügeverfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, mit einer mittels einer Steuereinheit gesteuerten oder geregelten Strahlerzeugungseinheit, die im Betrieb der Fügeeinrichtung mit mindestens einem Arbeitsstrahl auf einen Bestrahlungsfleck einer Oberfläche mindestens eines Fügeteiles materialerweichend oder -schmelzend einwirkt, wobei zwischen der Strahlerzeugungseinheit und den Fügeteilen ein für die Strahlung des Arbeitsstrahles undurchlässiges Abschirmmittel angeordnet ist, 5. Joining device for joining two parts to be joined, in particular laser welding device, for performing a joining method according to one of claims 1 to 4, with a control unit controlled or controlled by a control unit, the operation of the joining device with at least one working beam to an irradiation spot of a surface at least one Fugeteiles material softening or melting acts, wherein between the beam generating unit and the Fügeteilen an impermeable to the radiation of the working beam shielding means is arranged,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass auf der den beiden Fügeteilen (12, 14) abgewandten Seite des Abschirmmittels (16; 22) eine Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) zur Messung der Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks (8) angeordnet ist und das Abschirmmittel (16; 22) in dem Wellenlängenbereich des Arbeitsstrahles (6) und des Messbereichs der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) im Wesentlichen absorbierend ausgebildet ist. a heat radiation measuring unit (18) for measuring the temperature of the irradiation spot (8) is arranged on the side of the shielding means (16; 22) facing away from the two joining parts (12, 14) and the shielding means (16; 22) in the wavelength range of the working beam (16; 6) and the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) is designed to be substantially absorbent.
6. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach Anspruch 5, 6. joining device (2) according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) als ein Pyrometer (18) oder als eine Wärmebildkamera ausgebildet ist.
in that the thermal radiation measuring unit (18) is designed as a pyrometer (18) or as a thermal imaging camera.
7. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, 7. joining device (2) according to claim 5 or 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) an oder in der Strahlerzeugungseinheit (4) angeordnet ist. in that the heat radiation measuring unit (18) is arranged on or in the beam generation unit (4).
8. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, 8. joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass ein Messfleck (20) der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) derart ausgebildet ist, dass dieser im Betrieb der Fügeeinrichtung (2) das Zentrum (21 ) des Bestrahlungsflecks (8) abdeckt und kleiner als der Bestrahlungsfleck (8) ist, insbesondere ist die Fläche des Messflecks (20) kleiner oder gleich 80% der Fläche des Bestrahlungsflecks (8). a measuring spot (20) of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) is designed such that it covers the center (21) of the irradiation spot (8) during operation of the joining device (2) and is smaller than the irradiation spot (8) Measurement spots (20) less than or equal to 80% of the area of the irradiation spot (8).
9. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, 9. joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Messbereich der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) auf größer o- der gleich 180°C, insbesondere größer oder gleich 80°C, eingestellt ist. the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) is set to greater than or equal to 180 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
10. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, 10. Joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Maximum der Messempfindlichkeit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) in einem Spektralbereich von 1 ,9 μιτι bis 2,4 μιτι, insbesondere 1 ,9 μιτι bis 2,1 μιτι, liegt. that the maximum of the measuring sensitivity of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) in a spectral range of 1, 9 μιτι to 2.4 μιτι, in particular 1, 9 μιτι to 2.1 μιτι, is.
1 1 . Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, 1 1. Joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Abschirmmittel (16) als eine Schweißmaske (16) der Fügeeinrichtung (2) ausgebildet ist. in that the shielding means (16) is designed as a welding mask (16) of the joining device (2).
12. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, 12. joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Absch irnnnnittel (22) als ein separates Bauteil (22) der Fügeeinrichtung (2) ausgebildet ist. characterized, that the cut-off means (22) is designed as a separate component (22) of the joining device (2).
13. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, 13. joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Absch irnnnnittel als eine Beschichtung eines Bauteils der Fügeeinrichtung, insbesondere einer Schweißmaske, ausgebildet ist. the component is designed as a coating of a component of the joining device, in particular of a welding mask.
14. Fügeeinrichtung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 13, 14. Joining device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Abschirmmittel (16; 22) aus Edelstahl oder Aluminiumkeramik hergestellt ist oder eine Beschichtung aus Edelstahl oder Aluminiumkeramik aufweist.
the shielding means (16; 22) is made of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics or has a coating of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics.
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DE102016113950.5A DE102016113950A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP4074492A1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-19 | Leister Technologies AG | System for joining workpieces of thermoplastic material by through-transmission laser welding |
EP4371740A1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-05-22 | Leister Technologies AG | Pyrometer device for determining temperature during laser plastic welding and system for laser plastic welding |
Families Citing this family (1)
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DE102018210706A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Adaptive mask for a method for laser transmission welding |
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EP2444193A1 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-04-25 | Bystronic Laser AG | Laser machining head with an outer isolated part and an inner isolated part in metal |
DE102013017795C5 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2018-01-04 | Lessmüller Lasertechnik GmbH | Process monitoring method and apparatus |
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Cited By (2)
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EP4074492A1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-19 | Leister Technologies AG | System for joining workpieces of thermoplastic material by through-transmission laser welding |
EP4371740A1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-05-22 | Leister Technologies AG | Pyrometer device for determining temperature during laser plastic welding and system for laser plastic welding |
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