WO2018014605A1 - 一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018014605A1 WO2018014605A1 PCT/CN2017/080616 CN2017080616W WO2018014605A1 WO 2018014605 A1 WO2018014605 A1 WO 2018014605A1 CN 2017080616 W CN2017080616 W CN 2017080616W WO 2018014605 A1 WO2018014605 A1 WO 2018014605A1
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- power generation
- heat exchange
- heat
- prestressed pipe
- thermoelectric power
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
- E02D5/523—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments composed of segments
- E02D5/526—Connection means between pile segments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/72—Pile shoes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
- F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
- F24T10/15—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using bent tubes; using tubes assembled with connectors or with return headers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0046—Production methods using prestressing techniques
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/20—Miscellaneous comprising details of connection between elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0057—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground receiving heat-exchange fluid from a closed circuit in the ground
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Definitions
- German invention patent “Energy pile for section) includes another section that transitions and runs circularly around the former section of collector tube (DE102012013337A1)" by Jürgen Vogel and Hermann Josef Wilhelm .
- German invention patent "Concrete pile foundation for absorbing geothermal energy, contains corrugated sleeve pipe (DE202004014113U1)", which is applied for and authorized by Ing. Armin Amann, corresponding Other countries have patent license numbers: AT7887U1.
- PCT Patent "Pile with integral geothermal conduit loop retaining means (PCT/CA2010/001500)" filed and authorized by Alain Desmeules, corresponding national patent grant number: CA2683256A1, EP2491183A4, US8262322B2, US20110091288A1, WO2011047461A1.
- Document 14 Liu Hanlong, Ding Xuanming, Kong Gangqiang, Wu Hongwei and Chen Yumin applied for and granted the Chinese invention patent “a PCC energy pile and its manufacturing method, (patent number: CN201210298385.5), authorized announcement date November 19, 2014”.
- Document 15 Li Ping, Ding Xuanming, Gao Hongmei and Zheng Changjie applied for and granted the Chinese invention patent “a geothermal energy collection pile foundation and construction method, (patent number: CN201210476105.5), authorization announcement date April 8, 2015” .
- the energy pile technology of different production methods or construction methods can be obtained; however, no matter which form of energy pile technology is used, the shallow geothermal energy is based on the direct heat transfer principle. Direct use, no conversion in the form of energy.
- Casing or underground rock tunnel structure a method of converting deep geothermal energy into electric energy; this power generation method has the following disadvantages: (1) The heat source temperature is generally required to be greater than >80 ° C. In other words, these technical methods are for shallow geothermal energy. (Generally ⁇ 25°C) is not applicable; (2) The number of energy morphological conversions is relatively high, resulting in a decrease in energy utilization rate; (3) The development of underground deep heat source is relatively difficult, the development cost is high, and the development cost is almost non-progressive with the mining depth. Linear growth.
- thermoelectric power generation technology In 1999, DiSalvo pointed out that based on semiconductor low-temperature thermoelectric power generation technology, it is possible to realize thermoelectric conversion between subtle temperature differences (Ref. 22).
- Document 23 an ultra-deep high temperature (1200-1800 ° C) is disclosed.
- a technical method for generating electricity from a temperature difference between a deep intermediate temperature (250 to 600 ° C); a method for converting deep geothermal energy into electric energy based on an underground rock tunnel structure is disclosed in the literature 24;
- a technical method based on ground-source heat pump technology to transmit deep geothermal energy to the surface, and to make the heat exchange tube and the temperature difference in the air (that is, deep geothermal energy provides heat source and natural air provides cold source) to generate electricity.
- Semiconductor temperature difference power generation can be used not only in the case of large relative temperature difference, but also in the case of relatively small temperature difference.
- the semiconductor temperature difference power generation chip technology effectively breaks the limitation of relative temperature difference on power generation, and greatly expands the conversion of thermal energy into The types and channels of electrical energy also make it possible to convert shallow geothermal energy directly into electrical energy.
- a technical method for providing a heat source by using solar energy and providing a cold source for providing differential temperature power generation by using shallow geothermal energy is disclosed; these technical methods play a good demonstration role for utilizing shallow geothermal energy for temperature difference power generation.
- shallow geothermal energy in documents 26 to 27 is to first transfer the shallow geothermal energy to the liquid in the heat exchange tube through the heat exchange tube, and bring the heat energy to the surface through the flow of the liquid in the heat exchange tube, and then use the exchange
- the temperature difference between the temperature of the liquid in the heat pipe and the surface medium (solar or air) is used for power generation; this method has the following disadvantages: (1) It is necessary to drill holes in the formation in advance, embed the heat exchange tubes, and occupy the land area and The problem of large underground space and high cost of initial buried facilities; (2) shallow geothermal energy is first transferred to the liquid in the heat exchange tube, and then the liquid in the heat exchange tube and other objects at different temperatures on the surface are used for temperature difference power generation, and the number of energy transmission increases. It also leads to a decrease in energy efficiency; (3) shallow geothermal energy does not directly convert energy through the soil.
- OBJECT OF THE INVENTION To overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies and shortcomings, solve the problem that (1) the total amount of shallow geothermal energy in the shallow geothermal energy utilization is limited in space and time, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency in shallow geothermal energy utilization. (2) In the existing geothermal temperature difference power generation scheme, the vertical borehole buried pipe construction cost is high, it is difficult to construct in the case where the building volume ratio is relatively large, and the problem of direct power generation by using the temperature difference between the soil itself and the medium is not used. Combining the traditional prestressed pipe pile foundation, shallow geothermal energy utilization and semiconductor thermoelectric power generation technology, a cold and heat cogeneration prestressed pipe pile device and its manufacturing method are proposed.
- the present invention provides a cold-heated cogeneration prestressed pipe pile device, a prestressed pipe pile, a heat exchange tube disposed in the prestressed pipe pile, a heat exchange device, and a thermoelectric power generation system;
- the liquid flow rate in the heat pipe is controlled by the water pump I and the valve, and the heat exchange tube exchanges heat with the soil body, and the liquid in the heat exchange tube after the heat exchange is completed is connected with the upper heat exchange device for use by the air conditioner to form an air conditioning system;
- the temperature difference power generation system includes a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I and a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II, wherein the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I realizes thermoelectric conversion by using a temperature difference between the heat exchange tube and the pile side soil body, and supplies the obtained electric power to the upper electric equipment.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II realizes energy conversion by using a temperature difference between adjacent heat exchange tubes, and supplies the obtained electric power to the upper power equipment or the water pump II.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device 1 includes a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip, a thermal conductive silica gel, a thermal conductive protective layer, a DC/DC converter, a battery, and a wire.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip is bonded to the outside of the heat exchange tube by using a thermal conductive silica gel, and the semiconductor temperature difference is
- a heat conducting protective layer is disposed outside the power generating sheet, and the electric energy obtained by the semiconductor temperature difference power generating piece supplies power to the upper power generating device by sequentially connecting the wire to the DC/DC converter and the battery.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II comprises a heat pipe, a water pump II, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip, a thermal conductive silica gel and a thermal conductive protective layer.
- the heat dissipating tube is wound around the heat exchange tube, and the circulating flow of the liquid in the underground heat dissipating tube is provided by the water pump II.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is bonded to the outside of the heat exchange tube by using a thermal conductive silica gel, and a heat conduction protection layer is disposed outside the semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet, and the power obtained by the semiconductor temperature difference power generation is sequentially connected to the DC/DC converter and the battery for the upper power equipment.
- pump II uses electricity.
- the prestressed pipe pile is connected by a prefabricated pile shoe and a prestressed pipe joint, and adjacent prestressed pipe joints are connected by a prestressed pipe joint; wherein the prefabricated pile shoe is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure,
- the bottom end shape is a conical table body, the upper end is a cylinder body, the diameter of the cylinder body is 300-500 mm, which is consistent with the inner diameter of the prestressed pipe section, the height is 100-150 mm, the diameter of the bottom surface of the conical body is 600-800 mm, and the pre-stress
- the outer diameter of the pipe joint is uniform; the prestressed pipe joint has a length of 6 to 12 m, an outer diameter of 600 to 800 mm, an inner diameter of 300 to 500 mm, and a wall thickness of 150 to 300 mm; and the prestressed pipe joint is hollow
- the shape of the cylinder is 300-500mm, which is consistent with the inner diameter of the prestressed pipe joint.
- the heat exchange tube is a polyethylene tube having an outer diameter of 25 to 50 mm and a wall thickness of 5 to 8 mm, and the length needs to be determined according to the prestressed pipe pile length and the heat exchanger tube buried pipe arrangement form, preferably 40 to 150m; the heat exchange tube is buried in the side wall of the prestressed pipe joint; the heat exchange tube can be in the form of a single U-shaped, double U-shaped, W-shaped or spiral type Combination form.
- the water pump I is located at the surface and has a power of 0.55 to 1.2 kW; the valve is an electric two-way valve; and the heat exchange device is a fan coil in an air conditioning device.
- the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive silica gel is 0.6 to 1.5 W/(m ⁇ K), which has high bonding performance and superior thermal conductivity, does not solidify, and does not conduct electricity.
- the thermal conductive protective layer is a stainless steel iron or silica-based composite material to prevent damage of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation piece during construction;
- the DC/DC converter is located at the surface and is a step-up DC/DC converter;
- the storage battery is located at the surface and is any one of a lead storage battery or a lithium ion storage battery or a lithium ion polymer storage battery or a nickel cadmium storage battery; the wire is embedded in the thermal conductive silica gel.
- the heat dissipation pipe is a polyethylene pipe or a metal pipe or a PVC pipe, and has an outer diameter of 5 to 10 mm, a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm, a length of 30 to 150 cm, and is entangled in heat exchange.
- Prestressed pipe pile production According to the pretensioning prestressing production method, design and determine the shape, length, outer diameter, inner diameter, wall thickness, prestressed steel bar type and concrete label of the prestressed pipe pile pipe joint; Pile foundation Pile length, pile spacing, shallow geothermal energy reserve, energy demand of upper air conditioning system and electrical equipment, design of buried tube form of heat exchange tube in prestressed pipe joint; production of heat exchange tube, semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I and The prestressed pipe joint of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II; the first section of the prestressed pipe joint is connected with the pile shoe at the bottom, and the two prestressed pipe joints are connected by a prestressed pipe joint, and the heat exchange pipe joint is connected when the prestressed pipe joint is connected Connecting the heat exchange tube to complete the production of the preheated pipe pile device for cogeneration of heat and power;
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II in the cogeneration prestressed pipe pile can be used to generate semiconductor temperature difference power by using the temperature difference between the heat pipe and the liquid in the heat exchange tube, and is converted into a liquid in the heat pipe by the DC/DC converter.
- the circulating water pump II supplies power, and the heat of the heat transfer liquid in the heat exchange tube is consumed by the thermoelectric conversion.
- the laying of the heat pipe indirectly increases the heat exchange area of the heat transfer tube in the ground, which not only improves the geothermal utilization rate in the unit space, but also improves the geothermal heat. Efficiency of the air conditioning system;
- Shallow geothermal energy can be selected according to the needs of the upper building environment, only the air conditioning system (cooling or heating), only the thermoelectric system (power supply), or both the air conditioning system and the thermoelectric system, thus breaking the shallow geothermal energy.
- the pile foundation field can only be applied to the limitation of indoor air conditioning heating, realizing the on-demand switching of shallow geothermal energy application mode, realizing the on-demand and timely use of energy, and improving energy utilization efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of a preheated pipe pile device for cold, heat and power production according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the embedding form of the heat exchange tube in the section of the preheated tube pile in the cogeneration section of the present invention, wherein (a) is a single U shape, (b) is a double U shape, and (c) is a W shape;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a section AA of a heat exchange tube embedded in a section of a cold-heated cogeneration prestressed pipe pile in the present invention, wherein (a) is a single U shape, (b) is a double U shape, and (c) is a W shape;
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a cokeed prestressed pipe pile shoe in the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of a joint of a cold-heated cogeneration prestressed pipe pile pipe joint in the present invention
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation apparatus 1 of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the B-B of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a perspective view of a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip of the present invention.
- Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip of the present invention.
- 1 is a prestressed pipe joint
- 2 is a heat exchange pipe
- 3 is a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I
- 4 is a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II
- 5 is a prefabricated pile shoe
- 6 is a prefabricated pipe joint joint
- 7 is a DC/DC Converter
- 8 is the battery
- 9 is the wire
- 10 is the electric equipment
- 11 is the pump I
- 12 is the valve
- 13 is the heat exchange equipment
- 14 is the prestressed main rib
- 15 is a heat exchange tube joint
- 16 is a P-type semiconductor
- 17 is an N-type semiconductor
- 18 is a metal sheet
- 19 is a heat conducting plate
- 20 is a hot end
- 21 is a cold end
- 22 is a heat conducting protective layer
- 23 is a thermal conductive silica gel
- 24 is a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip
- 25 is a water pump II
- 26 is a heat pipe
- 27 is a heat conductive bottom plate
- the invention provides a cold-heat-electric cogeneration prestressed pipe pile device, as shown in Fig. 1, comprising a prestressed pipe pile, a heat exchange tube disposed in the prestressed pipe pile, a heat exchange device and a thermoelectric power generation system;
- the liquid flow rate in the heat pipe is controlled by the water pump I and the valve, and the heat exchange tube exchanges heat with the soil body.
- the liquid in the heat exchange tube after the heat exchange is completed is connected with the upper heat exchange device for use in the air conditioner to form an air conditioning system;
- the temperature difference power generation system includes the semiconductor temperature difference.
- the power generation device I and the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II wherein the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device 1 includes a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip, a thermal conductive silicone, a thermal conductive protection layer, a DC/DC converter, a battery, and a wire, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 7, the semiconductor temperature difference
- the power generation sheet is bonded to the outside of the heat exchange tube by using the thermal conductive silica gel, and the heat conduction protection layer is disposed outside the semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I realizes the thermoelectric conversion by using the temperature difference between the heat exchange tube and the pile side soil body, and passes the obtained electric energy.
- thermoelectric power generation device II package Connecting the wires to the DC/DC converter and the battery in turn to supply power to the upper electrical equipment; the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II package The heat pipe, the water pump II, the semiconductor temperature difference power generation piece, the thermal conductive silica gel and the heat conduction protection layer, as shown in FIGS.
- the heat dissipation pipe is wound around the heat exchange tube, and the circulating flow of the liquid in the underground heat dissipation pipe is provided by the water pump II;
- the outside of the heat exchange tube, and the circulating flow of the liquid in the underground heat pipe is provided by the water pump II;
- the semiconductor temperature difference power generation piece is pasted on the outer side of the heat exchange tube by the heat conductive silica gel, and the heat conduction protection layer is disposed outside the semiconductor temperature difference power generation piece, and the semiconductor temperature difference power generation device II uses the adjacent
- the temperature difference between the heat exchange tubes realizes energy conversion, and the obtained electric energy is connected to the DC/DC converter, the battery for the upper power equipment or the water pump II by using the wires to sequentially connect the power obtained by the semiconductor temperature difference power generation.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip is a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip which is common in the prior art, and the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip includes a hot end 20, a cold end 21, a P-type semiconductor 16, an N-type semiconductor 17, a metal piece 18, and a heat conducting plate. 19.
- the structure is shown in Figures 10-11.
- the prestressed pipe pile is connected by a prefabricated pile shoe and a prestressed pipe joint, and the adjacent prestressed pipe joints are connected by a prestressed pipe joint;
- the precast pile shoe is Precast reinforced concrete structure
- the bottom end shape is a conical table body
- the upper end is a cylinder body
- the diameter of the cylinder body is 300-500mm, which is consistent with the inner diameter of the prestressed pipe joint
- the height is 100-150mm
- the diameter of the bottom surface of the tapered platform body is 600 ⁇ 800mm, consistent with the outer diameter of the prestressed pipe joint
- the prestressed pipe joint the length is 6 ⁇ 12m
- the outer diameter is 600 ⁇ 800mm
- the inner diameter is 300 ⁇ 500mm
- the wall thickness is 150 ⁇ 300
- the prestressed pipe joint is a hollow cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of 300-500 mm, which is consistent with the inner diameter of the prestressed pipe joint, and has an outer diameter of 600
- the shape, length, outer diameter, inner diameter, wall thickness, prestressed steel bar type and concrete number of the prestressed pipe pile section 1 are designed and determined; preferably prestressed pipe piles are prefabricated
- the pile shoe 5, the prestressed pipe joint 1 and the prestressed pipe joint joint 6 are combined;
- the prefabricated pile shoe 5 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, and the shape is a combination of a tapered platform and a cylinder; the diameter of the cylinder is 300.
- the prestressed pipe joint 1 has a length of 6 to 12 m (12 m in this embodiment), an outer diameter of 600 to 800 mm (600 mm in this embodiment), and an inner diameter of 300 ⁇ .
- the prestressed pipe joint 6 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, and the inner diameter is 300-500mm (300mm in this embodiment) It is consistent with the inner diameter of the prestressed pipe joint 1 and has an outer diameter of 600 to 900 mm (650 mm in this embodiment), which is greater than or It is equal to the outer diameter of the prestressed pipe joint 1, and the prestressed steel bar, the heat exchange pipe 2 and the heat exchange pipe joint 15 are arranged on the side wall of the prestressed pipe joint 6 .
- the heat pipe 2 is a polyethylene pipe having an outer diameter of 25 to 50 mm (25 mm in this embodiment), a wall thickness of 5 to 8 mm (5 mm in this embodiment), and a length according to the prestressed pipe pile length and the heat exchange tube 2
- the arrangement of the buried pipe needs to be determined, which is 40-150 m (80 m in this embodiment);
- the heat exchange tube 2 is buried in the side wall of the pre-stressed pipe joint 1;
- the heat-exchange tube 2 can be in the form of a single U-shaped, double U-shaped One or several combinations of W-shaped or spiral type (in this embodiment, a single U-shape), as shown in Figures 2 to 3.
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I 3 is fabricated: the heat exchange tube 2 is selected according to the design requirements, and the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 24 is bonded to the outside of the heat exchange tube 2 at the design position by the thermal conductive silica gel 23, and the wire 9 connecting the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 24 is buried in The heat conductive silica gel 23 is taken out and led out to the ground, and connected to the DC/DC converter 7, the battery 8 and the electric device 10; the heat exchange tube 2 containing the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 24 is fixed inside the sidewall of the prestressed pipe pile; preferably
- the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip 24 is mainly embedded outside the heat exchange tube 2 of 10 to 15 m or less; preferably, the semiconductor thermal power generation device I 3 has a thermal conductivity of 0.6 to 1.5 W/(m ⁇ K) (this embodiment) 1.0W/(m ⁇ K)); the thermal protective layer 22 is a stainless steel iron or silica-based composite material to prevent the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 24 from being constructed.
- the prestressed pipe joint 1 with the heat exchange tube 2, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device I 3 and the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device II 4 is fabricated; the first section of the prestressed pipe joint 1 is connected to the prefabricated pile shoe 5, and two prestressed pipes The joint 1 is connected by the prestressed pipe joint 6 , and when the prestressed pipe joint 1 is connected, the heat exchange pipe joint 15 is connected to the heat exchange pipe 2 to complete the production of the cold heat and power cogeneration prestressed pipe pile device.
- the air conditioning system is connected: the heat exchange tube 2 is connected with the water pump I 11 , the valve 12 , and the heat exchange device 13 to form a shallow geothermal air conditioning system to provide cooling or heating for the upper building; preferably, in the air conditioning system, the water pump I 11 At the surface, the power is 0.55 ⁇ 1.2kw (1.0kw in this embodiment); the valve 12 is an electric two-way valve; the heat exchange device 13 is a fan coil in the air conditioning device.
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Abstract
提供一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置及其制作方法,包括预应力管桩空调***和预应力管桩温差发电***,预应力管桩桩身内的换热管(2),与水泵I(11)、阀门(12)和换热设备(13)组成浅层地热能空调***,换热管(2)外侧的半导体温差发电装置I(3)、半导体温差发电装置II(4),与水泵II(25)、DC/DC转化器(7)、蓄电池(8)和导线(9)组成浅层地热能温差发电***。冷热电联产预应力管桩是一种新型多功能的复合能源应用***,除了提供支撑上部建筑物荷载的承载的功能、利用浅层地热能为上部建筑制冷或供暖的功能之外,还可以利用换热管(2)内液体和土壤间温差产生电能供给上部建筑物用电,并且可以提高换热管(2)和土体间的换热效率。该***不仅有效的实现了预应力管桩在力学、热学和电学三方面的复合利用,并且实现了浅层地热能源按需、错时的多目标有效利用,提高能源利用效率。
Description
本发明涉及一种浅层地热能源利用技术,主要适用于建筑桩基础等技术领域,尤其是涉及一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置及其制作方法。
浅层地热能,又名浅层地温能,属于低品位可再生清洁能源,是当前技术经济条件下最具备开发利用价值的地球内部的热能资源之一。目前浅层地热能开发与利用中,主要是直接利用浅层土壤常年恒温的特点,利用热泵循环来达到对地面建筑冬天供暖或者夏天制冷的作用。地源热泵技术,属于浅层地热能直接利用的最常用形式之一,该技术利用地下的土壤、地表水、地下水等温度相对稳定的特性,通过以大地为储能体进行热量交换的可再生能源的空调***;该技术方案可以替代传统锅炉或市政管网等传统的供暖方式和空调***,达到节能减排的目的。地下埋设换热管,是地源热泵技术的施工难点和投资重点;且地下换热管埋设需要占用较大的土地面积和地下空间,造成其初期埋设等施工成本高,从而影响其大量推广应用。将地源热泵技术中的地下换热管埋设施工与传统建筑桩基础施工相结合,可以有效解决专门埋管的施工步骤和地下换热管占用地下空间问题,从而大大节省工程造价;基于这种地下埋管形式形成的带有地下换热管的桩基结构称为能量桩(或称能源桩、能源热交换桩)。能量桩技术是近年来有效利用浅层地热能的最典型技术方案之一;结合具体桩基结构形式的不同,产生了不同的浅层地热能热传递利用的能量桩类型(文献1~16)。
文献1:Jürgen Vogel和Hermann JosefWilhelm申请的德国发明专利“Energy pile for geothermal energy purpose i.e.combined heating and cooling systems,has collector tube comprising section that includes another section that transitions and runs helically around former section ofcollector tube(DE102012013337A1)”。
文献2:TirolerMetallwerke Aktiengesellschaft和Armin Ing.Amann申请并授权的欧洲和德国发明专利“Energy pile(EP1486741B1,DE50305842D1)”。
文献3:Ing.Armin Amann申请并授权的德国发明专利“Concrete pile foundation for absorbing geothermal energy,contains corrugated sleeve pipe(DE202004014113U1)”,相应
的其他国家专利授权号还有:AT7887U1。
文献4:Alain Desmeules申请并授权的PCT专利“Pile with integral geothermal conduit loop retaining means(PCT/CA2010/001500)”,相应的国家阶段专利授权号为:CA2683256A1,EP2491183A4,US8262322B2,US20110091288A1,WO2011047461A1。
文献5:李志毅,张全胜,张慧东,柳建国和马凛申请并授权的中国发明专利“旋进式壁后注浆地源热能转换预制桩装置及其埋入地层的方法,(专利号:CN201210054121.5),授权公告日2014年11月26日”。
文献6:孔纲强,黄旭,丁选明,刘汉龙和彭怀风申请并授权的中国发明专利“一种六边形预制能量桩及其制作方法,(专利号:CN201310442139.7),授权公告日2015年8月19日”。
文献7:孔纲强,黄旭,丁选明,刘汉龙和彭怀风申请并授权的中国发明专利“一种预制能量桩的施工方法,(专利号:CN201310441978.7),授权公告日2015年9月23日”。
文献8:黄吉永,郑荣跃和黄楠申请并授权的中国发明专利“一种基于植桩过程的地源热泵管埋置方法,(专利号:CN201310033136.8),授权公告日2015年9月23日”。
文献9:蒋刚,路宏伟,王彬彬和刘伟庆申请并授权的中国发明专利“带有地源热泵双螺旋管状换热器的预制钢筋混凝土管桩,(专利号:CN201410572810.4),授权公告日2016年1月20日”。
文献10:Beton Son B.V.申请并授权的欧洲发明专利“Geothermal pile having a cavity through which a fluid can floW”,相应的国家阶段专利授权号为:EP1243875B1,NL1017655C2,DE60200183T2。
在文献1~9中,公开了在预制桩中间、侧壁甚至预制桩体内埋设不同形式地下换热管的制作方法或施工方法。在文献10中,公开了一种封闭预制桩底端并在预制桩体空腔内布置开放式地下换热管的施工方法。
文献11:方肇洪和刘俊红申请并授权的中国发明专利“桩埋螺旋管式地源热泵装置及其地热换热器的传热模型,(专利号:CN200810159583.7),授权公告日2011年1月26日”。
文献12:张以韬,郑宗跃和李伟等申请并授权的中国发明专利“地源热泵竖直螺旋式埋管施工方法,(专利号:CN201210494997.1),授权公告日2014年8月13日”。
文献13:孔纲强,彭怀风,吴宏伟和丁选明申请并授权的中国发明专利“一种地源
热泵灌注桩钢筋笼内埋管的施工方法,(专利号:CN201310302155.6),授权公告日2015年3月11日”。
文献14:刘汉龙,丁选明,孔纲强,吴宏伟和陈育民申请并授权的中国发明专利“一种PCC能量桩及其制作方法,(专利号:CN201210298385.5),授权公告日2014年11月19日”。
文献15:李平,丁选明,高洪梅和郑长杰申请并授权的中国发明专利“一种地热能采集桩基及施工方法,(专利号:CN201210476105.5),授权公告日2015年4月8日”。
在文献11~13中,公开了在现场灌注桩中的钢筋笼上绑扎埋设螺旋型地下换热管或者钢管内埋设换热管的施工方法。在文献14~15中,公开了封闭现浇灌注桩底部、在桩体空腔内充填传热液体并布置开放式或地下换热管的施工方法。
文献16:Raymond J.Roussy申请并授权的国际PCT专利“A method and system for installing geothermal heat exchangers,energy piles,concrete piles,micro piles,and anchors using a sonic drill and a removable or retrievable drill bit(PCT/CA2009/000180)”,相应的国家阶段专利授权号为:CA2716209A1,CA2716209C,CA2827026A1,CA2827026C,CN102016218A,EP2247816A1,EP2247816A4,US8118115,US20090214299。
在文献16中,公开了一种基于新型钻机的地下换热管的埋设方法。
综上可知,基于不同桩基础施工工艺,可以获得相应的不同制作方法或者施工方法的能量桩技术;但是,无论哪种形式的能量桩技术,都是基于直接热传递原理对浅层地热能的直接利用,没有进行能量形式的转化。
地热能不仅可以通过热泵技术直接利用其热能,而且可以进行发电加以利用。传统的地热发电原理与火力发电类似,以中高温(>80℃)层地下热水和蒸汽为动力源,首先把地下热能转换为机械能,再把机械能转换为电能。在文献17~18中,公开了一种基于热水井的开采深层地热能进行发电的设施和方法;在文献19~22中,分别公开了一种基于深层的钻孔、地下矿井、采油层套管或地下岩石隧道结构,将深层地热能转化为电能的方法;这种发电方式存在如下几个缺点:(1)一般要求热源温度大于>80℃,换言之,这些技术方法对于浅层地热能(一般<25℃)无法适用;(2)能量形态转换次数相对较多,导致能量利用率降低;(3)地下深层热源开发难度相对较大、开发成本高且开发成本随开采深度近乎呈非线性增长。
文献17:Schnatzmeyer,Mark A.和Clark E.Robison申请并授权的美国发明专利
″Method and apparatus for generating electric power downhole.″U.S.Patent No.6,150,601.21Nov.2000。
文献18:Jeffryes,Benjamin Peter申请并授权的美国发明专利″Method and apparatus for downhole thermoelectric power generation.″U.S.Patent No.7,770,645.10Aug.2010。
文献19:Shulman,Gary申请并授权的美国发明专利″Method for recovering thermal energy contained in subterranean hot rock.″U.S.Patent No.5,515,679.14May 1996。
文献20:DuBois,John R申请并授权的美国发明专利″Geothermal power generation system and method for adapting to mine shafts.″U.S.Patent No.7,984,613.26Jul.2011。
文献21:龚智勇申请并授权的中国发明专利“利用油层套管传导地下热能再利用的方法及装置,(专利号:CN201010101312.3)”。
1999年,DiSalvo指出基于半导体低温温差发电技术,可以实现细微温差之间的热电转换(文献22),利用半导体温差发电技术,在文献23中公开了一种利用超深层高温(1200~1800℃)与深层中温(250~600℃)之间的温差进行发电的技术方法;在文献24中公开了一种基于地下岩石隧道结构,将深层地热能转化为电能的方法;在文献25中公开了一种基于地源热泵技术将深层地热能传递到地表,让换热管与空气中的温差(即深层地热能提供热源、自然空气提供冷源)进行发电的技术方法。
文献22:DiSalvo,F J.发表的学术论文″Thermoelectric cooling and power generation.″Science,285.5428(1999):703-706。
文献23:Levoy,Larry申请并授权的美国发明专利″Direct thermal-electric conversion for geothermal energy recovery.″U.S.Patent No.4,047,093.6Sep.1977。
文献24:陈国庆,杨洋,赵聪和李天斌申请的中国发明专利“一种高地温隧道降温散热及热能转化装置,(专利申请号:CN201510663196.7)”。
文献25:Liu,Liping发表的学术论文″Feasibility of large-scale power plants based on thermoelectric effects.″New Journal ofPhysics 16.12(2014):123019。
半导体温差发电不仅可以在相对温差值较大情况下运用,而且可以在相对温差值较小的情况下运用;半导体温差发电片技术有效突破了相对温差值对发电的限制,大大拓宽了热能转换为电能的种类与渠道,也让浅层地热能直接转化为电能成为可能。在文献26~27中,公开了一种利用太阳能提供热源、利用浅层地热能提供冷源进行温差发电的技术方法;这些技术方法为利用浅层地热能进行温差发电起到了很好的示范作用;然而,
文献26~27中浅层地热能的利用方式是先将浅层地热能通过换热管传递到换热管中的液体里,通过换热管中液体的流动将热能带到地表,然后利用换热管中液体与地表介质(太阳能或空气)温度之间的温差进行发电;这种方式存在如下几点不足:(1)需要预先在地层中钻孔、埋设换热管,存在占用土地面积和地下空间较大、初期埋设施工成本高等问题;(2)浅层地热能先传递到换热管中液体里、然后换热管中液体与地表不同温度的其他物体进行温差发电,能量传递次数增多也会导致能量利用率降低;(3)浅层地热能并未通过土体直接进行能量转化。
文献26:Mount,Robert申请并授权的美国发明专利″System for transferring heat in a thermoelectric generator system.″U.S.Patent ApplicationNo.10/871,544.2005。
文献27:Simka,Pavel申请并授权的美国发明专利″System for collecting and delivering solar and geothermal heat energy with thermoelectric generator.″U.S.Patent No.8,286,441.16Oct.2012。
因此,针对目前利用浅层地热能进行温差发电技术中存在的不足与缺陷,结合能量桩技术中桩埋管形式节省造价的技术优势,开发一种可以同时利用浅层地热能与换热管之间的温差进行发电、通过换热管传送的热能供给上部空调供暖或者冷能供给上部空调制冷的冷热电联产桩的技术方案,显得尤为重要。
发明内容
发明目的:为了克服上述不足和缺陷,解决(1)能量桩在浅层地热能利用中浅层地热能总量在空间和时间上的限制,导致的浅层地热能利用中热交换效率低下问题,(2)已有地热温差发电方案中竖直钻孔埋管施工成本高、在建筑容积率相对较大的场合难以施工、且没有利用土体本身与媒介之间的温差进行直接发电的问题;结合传统预应力管桩基础、浅层地热能利用和半导体温差发电技术,提出一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置及其制作方法,在建筑物建造时,直接将温差发电装置和地源热泵装置***地埋设在建筑物的桩基础中,使其与建筑结构相结合。位于预应力管桩侧壁内部的换热管,与位于地表的水泵I、换热设备连接构成浅层地热能空调***,利用空气和浅层土壤温差,结合换热管,为上部建筑物制冷(夏季)或供暖(冬季);位于预应力管桩侧壁内部的换热管、半导体温差发电装置I、半导体温差发电装置II和导线,与位于地表的DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和用电设备连接构成浅层地热能温差发电***,利用换热管内液体与土
体温差,为上部建筑物发电;最终实现冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作与运用。
技术方案:为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,预应力管桩、设置于预应力管桩内的换热管、换热设备和温差发电***;换热管内液体流速通过水泵I和阀门控制,换热管与土体进行热交换,完成热交换后的换热管内液体与上部换热设备连接供空调利用,形成空调***;所述的温差发电***包括半导体温差发电装置I和半导体温差发电装置II,所述的半导体温差发电装置I利用换热管与桩侧土体之间的温差实现热电转化,并将获得的电力为上部用电设备提供电力供应;所述的半导体温差发电装置II利用相邻换热管之间的温差实现能源转化,并将所获得的电力供上部电力设备用电或水泵II用电。
具体地,所述的半导体温差发电装置I包括半导体温差发电片、导热硅胶、导热防护层、DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和导线,半导体温差发电片利用导热硅胶粘贴在换热管外侧,半导体温差发电片外侧设置导热防护层,半导体温差发电片获得的电能通过将导线依次连接DC/DC转化器和蓄电池为上部用电设备提供电力供应。
所述的半导体温差发电装置II包括散热管、水泵II、半导体温差发电片、导热硅胶和导热防护层,所述散热管缠绕在换热管外侧,并由水泵II提供地下散热管内液体的循环流动;半导体温差发电片利用导热硅胶粘贴在换热管外侧,半导体温差发电片外侧设置导热防护层,利用导线将半导体温差发电所获得的电力依次连接DC/DC转化器、蓄电池供上部电力设备用电或水泵II用电。
所述的预应力管桩由预制桩靴和预应力管节连接而成,相邻的预应力管节通过预应力管节接头连接;其中,所述的预制桩靴,为预制钢筋混凝土结构,底端形状为锥形台体,上端为圆柱体,圆柱体直径为300~500mm,与预应力管节内径一致,高度为100~150mm,锥形台体底面直径为600~800mm,与预应力管节外径一致;所述的预应力管节,长度为6~12m,外径为600~800mm、内径为300~500mm、壁厚150~300mm;所述的预应力管节接头,为空心圆柱体形状,内径为300~500mm,与预应力管节内径一致,外径为600~900mm,大于或等于预应力管节外径,预应力管节接头侧壁上布置预应力钢筋、换热管及换热管接头。
所述的换热管为聚乙烯管,其外径为25~50mm,壁厚为5~8mm,长度根据预应力管桩桩长和换热管埋管布置形式需要确定,优选地为40~150m;换热管埋设在预应力管节侧壁内;换热管埋管形式可以为单U形、双U形、W形或螺旋型中的一种或者几
种组合形式。
优选地,所述的水泵I,位于地表,其功率为0.55~1.2kw;所述的阀门为电动二通阀门;所述的换热设备为空调设备中的风机盘管。
所述的半导体温差发电装置I中,所述导热硅胶的导热系数为0.6~1.5W/(m·K),具有高粘结性能和超强的导热效果、不会固体化、不会导电的特性;所述的导热防护层为不锈钢铁皮或硅胶基复合材料,防止半导体温差发电片在施工过程中损坏;所述的DC/DC转化器,位于地表,为升压型DC/DC转化器;所述的蓄电池位于地表,为铅蓄电池或锂离子蓄电池或锂离子聚合物蓄电池或镍镉蓄电池中的任意一种;所述的导线埋设在导热硅胶内。
所述的半导体温差发电装置II中,所述散热管为聚乙烯管或金属管或PVC管,其外径为5~10mm,壁厚为1~3mm,长度为30~150cm,缠绕在换热管外侧,并由水泵II提供地下散热管内液体的循环流动;所述导热硅胶的导热系数为0.6~1.5W/(m·K);所述水泵II的功率为5~15w;所述导热防护层为不锈钢铁皮或硅胶基复合材料,防止半导体温差发电片在施工过程中损坏;所述DC/DC转化器为升压型DC/DC转化器;所述蓄电池为铅蓄电池或锂离子蓄电池或锂离子聚合物蓄电池或镍镉蓄电池中的任意一种;所述半导体温差发电装置II中的DC/DC转化器和蓄电池设置在预应力管桩内侧壁,并用地下散热设备保护罩进行防水和防碰撞保护。
本发明同时提出了一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)半导体温差发电装置I制作:根据设计要求选择换热管,在设计位置的换热管外侧利用导热硅胶粘贴半导体温差发电片,连接半导体温差发电片的导线埋设在导热硅胶内,并引出地面,依次与DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和用电设备连接;将含有半导体温差发电片的换热管固定在预应力管桩侧壁内部;
(2)半导体温差发电装置II制作:根据设计要求选择导热底板的材质、宽度,在导热底板上布置均匀的散热管,并将散热管缠绕在贴有半导体温差发电片的换热管外侧,连接半导体温差发电片的导线埋设在导热硅胶内,沿着预应力管桩侧壁的换热管引出地面,依次与DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和用电设备连接;散热管单独连接水泵II供散热管内液体循环;
(3)预应力管桩制作:根据先张预应力制作方法,设计并确定预应力管桩管节的形状、长度、外径、内径、壁厚、预应力钢筋型号以及混凝土标号;综合考虑实际桩基
桩长、桩间距、浅层地热能储量、上部空调***与用电设备能源需求量,设计换热管在预应力管节中的埋管形式;制作带换热管、半导体温差发电装置I和半导体温差发电装置II的预应力管节;第一节预应力管节底部连接桩靴,两根预应力管节之间利用预应力管节接头连接,连接预应力管节时将换热管接头连接换热管,完成冷热电联产预应力管桩装置制作;
(4)制冷、供暖和发电***连接:将换热管与水泵I、换热设备连接构成浅层地热能空调***,为上部建筑物提供制冷或供暖;将导线依次与DC/DC转化器、蓄电池及用电设备连接构成浅层地热能温差发电***,为上部建筑提供电力(如照明LED灯用电、水泵II动力用电);根据浅层地热能的总量储备和上部建筑物供电、制冷或供暖的需求情况,可以选择仅空调***(制冷或供暖)、仅温差发电***(供电)、或者同时供应空调***和供应温差发电***;最终实现冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作与应用。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述的半导体温差发电片埋设在10~15m以下换热管外侧;埋管形式可以为单U形、双U形或W形式中的一种或几种的组合。
有益效果:与现有桩埋管形式的能量桩技术相比,本发明的冷热电联产预应力管桩存在如下技术优势:
(1)在保障预应力管桩支撑上部荷载的承载功能,以及能量桩利用浅层地热能为上部建筑制冷或供暖的功能的基础上,通过半导体温差发电技术有效的利用换热管内液体与土体之间的温差,为预应力管桩增加了发电功能可用于供给上部建筑用电,不仅实现了预应力管桩的冷、热、电联产,而且实现了浅层地热纯粹的热交换的单一开采模式向热电联产的复合开采模式的跨越;
(2)现有的地热温差发电***,均需要受特殊施工地点(如高温隧道、油田)的限制,几乎不能在城市中心、居民区等推广,本发明采用建筑桩基埋管形式而不需要单独钻门、钻孔,增加了地热发电的地域普适性,即使在高建筑容积率的地区也可以利用地热能发电;
(3)冷热电联产预应力管桩中的半导体温差发电装置I,可以利用散热管与土体之间的温差进行半导体温差发电,除通过DC/DC转化器转化为可利用的电能供上部建筑物之外,在温差发电的过程中通过热电转换消耗传热管中热量,相比传统能量桩中仅通过土体和换热管热交换消耗传热管内液体热量的方式,不仅提高了地热空调***的效率,而且减小了传热管在地下散热时土体温度的变化量,保护了土体的热稳定,从而可
以大大提高单位地层空间和时间内换热管的埋设数量及传热总量;
(4)冷热电联产预应力管桩中的半导体温差发电装置II,可以利用散热管与换热管内液体之间的温差进行半导体温差发电,通过DC/DC转化器转化之后为散热管内液体循环水泵II供电,通过热电转换消耗换热管内传热液体的热量,散热管的铺设间接增加了传热管在地下的热交换面积,不仅提高了单位空间内的地热利用率,还提高了地热空调***的效率;
(5)浅层地热能可以根据上部建筑环境需求,选择仅空调***(制冷或供暖)、仅温差发电***(供电)、或者同时供应空调***和温差发电***,从而打破了浅层地热能在桩基础领域仅能应用于室内空调供暖的局限,实现了浅层地热能应用方式的按需切换,实现能源的按需、错时有效利用,提高能源利用效率。
本发明的优点和效果还将在具体实施方式中进一步描述。
图1为本发明中冷热电联产预应力管桩装置布置结构示意图;
图2为本发明中冷热电联产预应力管桩管节中换热管埋设形式立体图,其中,(a)为单U形,(b)为双U形,(c)为W形;
图3为本发明中冷热电联产预应力管桩管节中换热管埋设形式A-A截面示意图,其中,(a)为单U形,(b)为双U形,(c)为W形;
图4为本发明中冷热电联产预应力管桩桩靴立体图;
图5为本发明中冷热电联产预应力管桩管节接头立体图;
图6为本发明中半导体温差发电装置I布置剖面图;
图7为本发明中半导体温差发电装置I中B-B截面示意图;
图8为本发明中半导体温差发电装置II布置剖面图;
图9为本发明中半导体温差发电装置II中C-C截面示意图;
图10为本发明中半导体温差发电片立体图;
图11为本发明中半导体温差发电片横截面图;
图中:1为预应力管节,2为换热管,3为半导体温差发电装置I,4为半导体温差发电装置II,5为预制桩靴,6为预制管节接头,7为DC/DC转换器,8为蓄电池,9为导线,10为用电设备,11为水泵I,12为阀门,13为换热设备,14为预应力主筋,
15为换热管接头,16为P型半导体,17为N型半导体,18为金属片,19为导热板,20为热端,21为冷端,22为导热防护层,23为导热硅胶,24为半导体温差发电片,25为水泵II,26为散热管,27为导热底板,28为保护罩。
以下结合附图详细叙述本发明专利的具体实施方式,本发明专利的保护范围并不仅仅局限于本实施方式的描述。
本发明提出了一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,如图1所示,包括预应力管桩、设置于预应力管桩内的换热管、换热设备和温差发电***;换热管内液体流速通过水泵I和阀门控制,换热管与土体进行热交换,完成热交换后的换热管内液体与上部换热设备连接供空调利用,形成空调***;温差发电***包括半导体温差发电装置I和半导体温差发电装置II,其中,半导体温差发电装置I包括半导体温差发电片、导热硅胶、导热防护层、DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和导线,如图6~7所示,半导体温差发电片利用导热硅胶粘贴在换热管外侧,半导体温差发电片外侧设置导热防护层,半导体温差发电装置I利用换热管与桩侧土体之间的温差实现热电转化,并将获得的电能通过将导线依次连接DC/DC转化器和蓄电池为上部用电设备提供电力供应;所述的半导体温差发电装置II包括散热管、水泵II、半导体温差发电片、导热硅胶和导热防护层,如图8~9所示,所述散热管缠绕在换热管外侧,并由水泵II提供地下散热管内液体的循环流动;换热管外侧,并由水泵II提供地下散热管内液体的循环流动;半导体温差发电片利用导热硅胶粘贴在换热管外侧,半导体温差发电片外侧设置导热防护层,半导体温差发电装置II利用相邻换热管之间的温差实现能源转化,并将获得的电能利用导线将半导体温差发电所获得的电力依次连接DC/DC转化器、蓄电池供上部电力设备用电或水泵II用电。上述半导体温差发电片均为现有技术中常见的半导体温差发电片,所述的半导体温差发电片包括热端20、冷端21、P型半导体16、N型半导体17、金属片18和导热板19,结构如图10~11所示。
如图4~5所示,预应力管桩由预制桩靴和预应力管节连接而成,相邻的预应力管节通过预应力管节接头连接;其中,所述的预制桩靴,为预制钢筋混凝土结构,底端形状为锥形台体,上端为圆柱体,圆柱体直径为300~500mm,与预应力管节内径一致,高度为100~150mm,锥形台体底面直径为600~800mm,与预应力管节外径一致;所述的预应力管节,长度为6~12m,外径为600~800mm、内径为300~500mm、壁厚150~300
mm;所述的预应力管节接头,为空心圆柱体形状,内径为300~500mm,与预应力管节内径一致,外径为600~900mm,大于或等于预应力管节外径,预应力管节接头侧壁上布置预应力钢筋、换热管及换热管接头。
下面详细介绍冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作方法。
首先,根据先张预应力制作方法,设计并确定预应力管桩管节1的形状、长度、外径、内径、壁厚、预应力钢筋型号以及混凝土标号;优选地预应力管桩,由预制桩靴5、预应力管节1和预应力管节接头6组合而成;所述的预制桩靴5,为预制钢筋混凝土结构,形状为锥形台体和圆柱体组合;圆柱体直径为300~500mm(本实施例为300mm),与预应力管节1内径一致,高度为100~150mm(本实施例为150mm),锥形台体底面直径为600~800mm(本实施例为600mm),与预应力管节1外径一致;所述的预应力管节1,长度为6~12m(本实施例为12m),外径为600~800mm(本实施例为600mm)、内径为300~500mm(本实施例为300mm)、壁厚150~300mm(本实施例为150mm);所述的预应力管节接头6,为空心圆柱体形状,内径为300~500mm(本实施例为300mm),与预应力管节1内径一致,外径为600~900mm(本实施例为650mm),大于或等于预应力管节1外径,预应力管节接头6侧壁上布置预应力钢筋、换热管2及换热管接头15。
接着,综合考虑实际桩基桩长、桩间距、浅层地热能储量、上部空调***与用电设备能源需求量,设计换热管2在预应力管节1中的埋管形式;优选地换热管2为聚乙烯管,其外径为25~50mm(本实施例为25mm),壁厚为5~8mm(本实施例为5mm),长度根据预应力管桩桩长和换热管2埋管布置形式需要确定,为40~150m(本实施例为80m);换热管2埋设在预应力管节1侧壁内;换热管2埋管形式可以为单U形、双U形、W形或螺旋型中的一种或者几种组合形式(本实施例为单U形),如图2~3所示。
然后,制作半导体温差发电装置I 3:根据设计要求选择换热管2,在设计位置的换热管2外侧利用导热硅胶23粘贴半导体温差发电片24,连接半导体温差发电片24的导线9埋设在导热硅胶23内,并引出地面,与DC/DC转化器7、蓄电池8和用电设备10连接;将含有半导体温差发电片24的换热管2固定在预应力管桩侧壁内部;优选地半导体温差发电片24主要埋设在10~15m以下换热管2外侧;优选地半导体温差发电装置I 3中,导热硅胶23,其导热系数为0.6~1.5W/(m·K)(本实施例为1.0W/(m·K));导热防护层22,为不锈钢铁皮或硅胶基复合材料,防止半导体温差发电片24在施工过
程中损坏;DC/DC转化器7,位于地表,为升压型DC/DC转化器7;蓄电池8,位于地表,为铅蓄电池或锂离子蓄电池或锂离子聚合物蓄电池或镍镉蓄电池(本实施例为铅蓄电池);导线9埋设在导热硅胶23内。
制作半导体温差发电装置II 4:根据设计要求选择导热底板27的材质、宽度,在导热底板27上布置均匀的散热管26,并将散热管26缠绕在贴有半导体温差发电片24的换热管2外侧,连接半导体温差发电片24的导线9埋设在导热硅胶23内,沿着预应力管桩侧壁的换热管2引出地面,与DC/DC转化器7、蓄电池8和用电设备10连接;散热管26单独连接水泵II 25供散热管26内液体循环;优选地半导体温差发电装置II 4中,散热管26为聚乙烯管,其外径为5~10mm(本实施例为5mm),壁厚为1~3mm(本实施例为1mm),长度为30~150cm(本实施例为40cm),缠绕在换热管2外侧,并由水泵II 25提供地下散热管26内液体的循环流动;导热硅胶23,其导热系数为0.6~1.5W/(m·K)(本实施例为1.0W/(m·K));水泵II 25,其功率为50~150w(本实施例为50w);导热防护层22,为不锈钢铁皮或硅胶基复合材料;DC/DC转化器7,为升压型DC/DC转化器7;蓄电池8,为铅蓄电池或锂离子蓄电池或锂离子聚合物蓄电池或镍镉蓄电池中的一种(本实施例为铅蓄电池);半导体温差发电装置II 4中的DC/DC转化器7和蓄电池8设置在预应力管桩内侧壁,并用地下散热设备保护罩28进行防水和防碰撞保护。
紧接着,制作带换热管2、半导体温差发电装置I 3和半导体温差发电装置II 4的预应力管节1;第一节预应力管节1底部连接预制桩靴5,两根预应力管节1之间利用预应力管节接头6连接,连接预应力管节1时将换热管接头15连接换热管2,完成冷热电联产预应力管桩装置制作。
最后,连接空调***:将换热管2与水泵I 11、阀门12、换热设备13连接构成浅层地热能空调***,为上部建筑物提供制冷或供暖;优选地空调***中,水泵I 11,位于地表,其功率为0.55~1.2kw(本实施例为1.0kw);阀门12,为电动二通阀门;换热设备13,为空调设备中的风机盘管。连接发电***:将导线9与DC/DC转化器7、蓄电池8及用电设备10连接构成浅层地热能温差发电***,为上部建筑提供电力(如照明LED灯用电、水泵II动力用电);根据浅层地热能的总量储备和上部建筑物供电、制冷或供暖的需求情况,可以选择仅空调***(制冷或供暖)、仅温差发电***(供电)、或者同时供应空调***和供应温差发电***;最终实现冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作与应用。
Claims (10)
- 一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,该装置包括:预应力管桩、设置于预应力管桩内的换热管、换热设备和温差发电***;换热管内液体流速通过水泵I和阀门控制,换热管与土体进行热交换,完成热交换后的换热管内液体与上部换热设备连接供空调利用,形成空调***;所述的温差发电***包括半导体温差发电装置I和半导体温差发电装置II,所述的半导体温差发电装置I利用换热管与桩侧土体之间的温差实现热电转化,并将获得的电力为上部用电设备提供电力供应;所述的半导体温差发电装置II利用相邻换热管之间的温差实现能源转化,并将所获得的电力供上部电力设备用电或水泵II用电。
- 根据权利要求1所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的半导体温差发电装置I包括半导体温差发电片、导热硅胶、导热防护层、DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和导线,半导体温差发电片利用导热硅胶粘贴在换热管外侧,半导体温差发电片外侧设置导热防护层,半导体温差发电片获得的电能通过将导线依次连接DC/DC转化器和蓄电池为上部用电设备提供电力供应。
- 根据权利要求1所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的半导体温差发电装置II包括散热管、水泵II、半导体温差发电片、导热硅胶和导热防护层,所述散热管缠绕在换热管外侧,并由水泵II提供地下散热管内液体的循环流动;半导体温差发电片利用导热硅胶粘贴在换热管外侧,半导体温差发电片外侧设置导热防护层,利用导线将半导体温差发电所获得的电力依次连接DC/DC转化器、蓄电池供上部电力设备用电或水泵II用电。
- 根据权利要求1所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的预应力管桩由预制桩靴和预应力管节连接而成,相邻的预应力管节通过预应力管节接头连接;其中,所述的预制桩靴,为预制钢筋混凝土结构,底端形状为锥形台体,上端为圆柱体,圆柱体直径为300~500mm,与预应力管节内径一致,高度为100~150mm,锥形台体底面直径为600~800mm,与预应力管节外径一致;所述的预应力管节,长度为6~12m,外径为600~800mm、内径为300~500mm、壁厚150~300mm;所述的预应力管节接头,为空心圆柱体形状,内径为300~500mm,与预应力管节内径一致,外径为600~900mm,大于或等于预应力管节外径,预应力管节接头侧壁上布置预应力钢筋、换热管及换热管接头。
- 根据权利要求1所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的换热 管为聚乙烯管,其外径为25~50mm,壁厚为5~8mm,长度根据预应力管桩桩长和换热管埋管布置形式需要确定;换热管埋管形式可以为单U形、双U形、W形或螺旋型中的一种或者几种组合形式。
- 根据权利要求1所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的水泵I,位于地表,其功率为0.55~1.2kw;所述的阀门为电动二通阀门;所述的换热设备为空调设备中的风机盘管。
- 根据权利要求2所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的半导体温差发电装置I中,所述导热硅胶的导热系数为0.6~1.5W/(m·K),具有高粘结性能和超强的导热效果、不会固体化、不会导电的特性;所述的导热防护层为不锈钢铁皮或硅胶基复合材料,防止半导体温差发电片在施工过程中损坏;所述的DC/DC转化器,位于地表,为升压型DC/DC转化器;所述的蓄电池位于地表,为铅蓄电池或锂离子蓄电池或锂离子聚合物蓄电池或镍镉蓄电池中的任意一种;所述的导线埋设在导热硅胶内。
- 根据权利要求3所述的冷热电联产预应力管桩装置,其特征在于,所述的半导体温差发电装置II中,所述散热管为聚乙烯管或金属管或PVC管,其外径为5~10mm,壁厚为1~3mm,长度为30~150cm,缠绕在换热管外侧,并由水泵II提供地下散热管内液体的循环流动;所述导热硅胶的导热系数为0.6~1.5W/(m·K);所述水泵II的功率为5~15w;所述导热防护层为不锈钢铁皮或硅胶基复合材料,防止半导体温差发电片在施工过程中损坏;所述DC/DC转化器为升压型DC/DC转化器;所述蓄电池为铅蓄电池或锂离子蓄电池或锂离子聚合物蓄电池或镍镉蓄电池中的任意一种;所述半导体温差发电装置II中的DC/DC转化器和蓄电池设置在预应力管桩内侧壁,并用地下散热设备保护罩进行防水和防碰撞保护。
- 一种冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)半导体温差发电装置I制作:根据设计要求选择换热管,在设计位置的换热管外侧利用导热硅胶粘贴半导体温差发电片,连接半导体温差发电片的导线埋设在导热硅胶内,并引出地面,依次与DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和用电设备连接;将含有半导体温差发电片的换热管固定在预应力管桩侧壁内部;(2)半导体温差发电装置II制作:根据设计要求选择导热底板的材质、宽度,在导热底板上布置均匀的散热管,并将散热管缠绕在贴有半导体温差发电片的换热管外侧,连接半导体温差发电片的导线埋设在导热硅胶内,沿着预应力管桩侧壁的换热管引 出地面,依次与DC/DC转化器、蓄电池和用电设备连接;散热管单独连接水泵II供散热管内液体循环;(3)预应力管桩制作:根据先张预应力制作方法,设计并确定预应力管桩管节的形状、长度、外径、内径、壁厚、预应力钢筋型号以及混凝土标号;综合考虑实际桩基桩长、桩间距、浅层地热能储量、上部空调***与用电设备能源需求量,设计换热管在预应力管节中的埋管形式;制作带换热管、半导体温差发电装置I和半导体温差发电装置II的预应力管节;第一节预应力管节底部连接桩靴,两根预应力管节之间利用预应力管节接头连接,连接预应力管节时将换热管接头连接换热管,完成冷热电联产预应力管桩装置制作;(4)制冷、供暖和发电***连接:将换热管与水泵I、换热设备连接构成浅层地热能空调***,为上部建筑物提供制冷或供暖;将导线依次与DC/DC转化器、蓄电池及用电设备连接构成浅层地热能温差发电***,为上部建筑提供电力;根据浅层地热能的总量储备和上部建筑物供电、制冷或供暖的需求情况,可以选择仅空调***、仅温差发电***、或者同时供应空调***和供应温差发电***;最终实现冷热电联产预应力管桩装置的制作与应用。
- 根据权利要求9所述的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的半导体温差发电片埋设在10~15m以下换热管外侧;埋管形式可以为单U形、双U形或W形式中的一种或几种的组合。
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