WO2017215641A1 - 多喷嘴3d打印喷头及打印方法及3d打印*** - Google Patents

多喷嘴3d打印喷头及打印方法及3d打印*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017215641A1
WO2017215641A1 PCT/CN2017/088533 CN2017088533W WO2017215641A1 WO 2017215641 A1 WO2017215641 A1 WO 2017215641A1 CN 2017088533 W CN2017088533 W CN 2017088533W WO 2017215641 A1 WO2017215641 A1 WO 2017215641A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
printing
holder
nozzle holder
nozzles
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/088533
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
季鹏凯
Original Assignee
源秩科技(上海)有限公司
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Priority to CN201780002222.9A priority Critical patent/CN108136674B/zh
Publication of WO2017215641A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017215641A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, and more particularly to a multi-nozzle 3D printing head and printing method and a 3D printing system using the multi-nozzle 3D printing head or the printing method.
  • the existing FDM (short for "Fused Deposition Modeling") 3D printer is a three-dimensional uncorrelated relative motion (ie, three independent motion directions) between the nozzle and the platform, so that the nozzle Can reach any location within a certain area above the platform.
  • the model is divided into several layers, and the nozzle extends the printing path of each layer to the platform, and after printing one layer, the printing is continued on the next layer, and the three-dimensional entity is formed by layer-by-layer stacking.
  • the relative movement between the nozzle and the platform can be realized in various ways, such as using a CNC machine tool directly implementing the various structures of the X, Y, Z relative movement of the nozzle and the printing platform, CO-XY mode, Delta type parallel arm type , single or bipolar coordinate structure, mechanical arm type, six-axis linkage type.
  • the FDM-based printing system based on a nozzle is designed to increase the printing speed by increasing the moving speed of the nozzle relative to the platform and increasing the feed rate of the material.
  • speed improvement such as power of the drive motor, frame and guide mechanism, drive belt, structural rigidity and the like. Due to the need to continuously change the direction and speed of the movement during the printing process, this process generates a large amount of acceleration, which causes the frame to shake and affect the printing accuracy. These aspects limit the further increase in printing speed.
  • Some multi-nozzle 3D printers are only used to allow different materials or colors to be switched alternately without stopping the machine, and the printing speed cannot be improved. If multi-nozzle printing is performed by means of a plurality of nozzles, the interference of movement between the plurality of nozzles is limited, so that the effect of improving the printing speed is greatly discounted. Moreover, the multi-nozzle makes the structure of the printer complicated, the reliability is lowered, and the cost is increased.
  • the FDM method described in the present invention is not limited to a printing method requiring a melting process, but generally refers to a printing process in which a nozzle delays a set print path movement.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-nozzle 3D printing head, a printing method, and a 3D printing system, which can effectively improve the printing speed.
  • a multi-nozzle 3D print head having at least two nozzles on the print head comprising:
  • a nozzle holder the movable portion of which is disposed on the nozzle holder, and at least one of the nozzles is disposed on the nozzle holder;
  • a driving device configured to drive the nozzle holder to move, and drive the nozzle disposed on the nozzle holder to move along a set printing path.
  • the movable connection of the nozzle holder and the nozzle holder, and at least one nozzle disposed on the nozzle holder are connected.
  • the movement of the nozzle holder is realized by the driving device, and the purpose is to drive the nozzle on the nozzle holder to move along the set printing path by the movement of the nozzle holder, thereby realizing three-dimensional printing. It can not only print at the same time through two or more nozzles, but also effectively improve the printing speed. More preferably, when printing different models, the spacing of the printed material tracks can be adjusted and changed according to different situations, which is more suitable for practical applications. kind of demand.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing head can realize different printing paths corresponding to different nozzles, corresponding printing paths of different layers can be simultaneously printed, which can be used for printing the same or different printing paths on the same layer, and can also be used for printing different layers.
  • the printing speed is improved in two dimensions of the print path in the same layer and the print path of different layers.
  • the number of the nozzle holders is one, and the nozzle holder is provided with at least one nozzle; the nozzle holder is connected to the driving device and is driven to be moved by the driving device.
  • the driving device is disposed on the nozzle holder and connected to the nozzle holder for driving the nozzle holder to rotate about an axis parallel to a center line of the nozzle.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing head comprises at least two nozzle holders, the driving device is of the same number as the nozzle holder, and each of the driving devices drives a nozzle holder movement.
  • Rotation means that the angle formed by the line between the nozzles or the angle formed between the nozzle holder and the head holder changes. The process, not just the rotational movement of the nozzle base or print platform extending a certain central axis.
  • each nozzle holder is driven to rotate by a driving device, that is, a degree of freedom is added without adding a nozzle holder system, and a nozzle disposed on the nozzle holder can be adjusted to the movement of the nozzle holder and the nozzle holder to Corresponding print path.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing head comprises the nozzle holder of a sleeve structure, a plurality of the nozzle holders are arranged in a set from the inside to the outside, and at least one of the nozzle holders is disposed on the nozzle holder.
  • Each of the drive means drives a nozzle holder corresponding thereto to move relative to the other nozzle holder or the head holder; each of the nozzle holders includes at least one nozzle.
  • the nozzle seat is arranged in a sleeve-like structure, and the three nozzle holders are sequentially connected from the inside to the outside, and are connected to each other by a sliding sleeve connection manner, which not only simplifies the installation procedure, but also can be optimized. It is compact and simplifies the structure of the entire printhead. It should be noted that not all nozzle holders are of a sleeve type structure, and the innermost nozzle holder of the package structure may be of a sleeve type structure.
  • the nozzle holders are disposed along the same central axis; the corresponding driving device is disposed on the nozzle holder.
  • the driving devices connected to the nozzle holders are disposed on the nozzle holders, and each driving device can independently control the nozzle holders connected to each other, so that an angle is formed between the nozzles of the different nozzles and the central axis, The angle of the angle can be adjusted, so that each nozzle can be in the printing path, effectively improving the utilization of the nozzle.
  • the driving device of the outermost nozzle holder is disposed on the nozzle holder, and the driving device of the remaining nozzle holder is disposed on another nozzle holder on the outer side adjacent to the nozzle holder, either The driving device drives the corresponding nozzle holder and the nozzle holder on the inner side thereof to rotate.
  • the driving device of the innermost nozzle holder is disposed on the nozzle holder, and the remaining driving device of the nozzle holder is disposed on another nozzle holder on the inner side adjacent to the nozzle holder, either The driving device drives the corresponding nozzle holder and the nozzle holder on the outer side thereof to rotate.
  • the driving device of the outermost nozzle holder is disposed on the nozzle holder, and the remaining driving device of the nozzle holder is disposed on the outer side of the nozzle adjacent to the nozzle holder.
  • any of the driving devices drives the corresponding nozzle holder and the nozzle holder on the inner side thereof to rotate.
  • each nozzle seat is determined by the coupling of the driving action of the driving device on the outer side or the inner side, which effectively improves the utilization of the nozzle, reduces the energy loss of the driving device, and simplifies the control mode.
  • the nozzle holder comprises at least one rotating nozzle holder and a plurality of translation nozzle holders, the driving device comprising at least one rotation driving device and a plurality of translation driving devices, the translation driving device driving the corresponding translation nozzle holder movement;
  • At least one of the rotating nozzle holders is movably mounted on the nozzle holder, and a plurality of the translation nozzle holders are movably mounted on the rotating nozzle holder;
  • the rotary driving device drives the rotating nozzle holder to rotate, thereby driving a plurality of the translation nozzle holders on the rotating nozzle holder; each of the translation driving devices drives the corresponding translation nozzle holder relative to the rotating nozzle holder Do linear motion;
  • At least one nozzle is disposed on each of the translation nozzle holders.
  • the movement forms of the other nozzle holders are linear motions.
  • the purpose is to adjust the nozzle located thereon to the corresponding printing path by rotating the linear motion. Effectively improve the utilization of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle holder comprises at least one double-hole nozzle holder and at least two general nozzle holders; wherein the general nozzle holder is provided with a cylindrical hole and/or at least one nozzle; the double-hole nozzle holder comprises Two cylindrical holes for mounting a nozzle holder;
  • the driving device drives the two-hole nozzle holder to drive the nozzle holder mounted on the two-hole nozzle holder; and the driving device drives the general nozzle holder to rotate about its own central axis.
  • the nozzle is not directly disposed on the two-hole nozzle holder, but the nozzle holder is disposed, and at least two degrees of rotational freedom are added in the space occupied by the nozzle holder.
  • the nozzle holder is disposed, and at least two degrees of rotational freedom are added in the space occupied by the nozzle holder.
  • only one nozzle that can move independently can be added for each additional one-sleeve nozzle holder, and the space is gradually enlarged.
  • the occupied space of the technical solution can be controlled to be small, and the utilization rate is also high. Conducive to reducing the size and structural complexity of multi-nozzle 3D printheads. The same is the structure of the layered set.
  • the spacing between the nozzles projected on the horizontal plane can be free from more restrictions, and the design can be relatively close, which is beneficial to save space and fine control; Uniform, simplified design, simplified control, simplified manufacturing, and improved printing results.
  • the number of the two-hole nozzle holders is one, and the number of the general nozzle holders is two; two of the general nozzle holders are respectively installed in a cylindrical hole of the two-hole nozzle holder; At least two nozzles are provided on each of the general nozzle seats.
  • the number of the two-hole nozzle holders is at least two, and all of the two-hole nozzle holders are arranged in a set from the outside to the inside through a cylindrical hole, and are located in two cylindrical holes of the innermost two-hole nozzle holder.
  • a common nozzle holder is respectively provided; one of the two cylindrical holes of the remaining two-hole nozzle holder is provided with a general nozzle holder, and the other sleeve is provided with a double-hole nozzle holder; and each of the general nozzle holders is provided with at least two nozzles.
  • the number of the two-hole nozzle holders is one; a plurality of the general nozzle holders are sequentially sleeved from the outside to the inside to form a general nozzle holder group; wherein two of the general nozzle holder groups are respectively installed in the The two cylindrical holes of the two-hole nozzle holder; or one of the general nozzle holders is assembled in a cylindrical hole of the two-hole nozzle holder, and one general nozzle holder is mounted on the other cylindrical hole.
  • the number of the two-hole nozzle holders is at least two; one of the two cylindrical holes of the two-hole nozzle holder is respectively provided with a general nozzle holder; and each of the two double-hole nozzle holders passes through a common nozzle holder Rotatable connection, the general nozzle seat is provided with one cylindrical hole of each of the two double-hole nozzle seats.
  • a common nozzle holder is simultaneously inserted into at least two two-hole nozzle holders as a rotating shaft, so that the two double-hole nozzle holders are rotatably connected.
  • the two-hole nozzle holders are sequentially connected in order, that is, when the general nozzle holders are used as the rotation shafts of the two double-hole nozzle holders, a linear chain structure can be formed. If the general nozzle seat is used as the rotating shaft of three double-hole nozzle seats, the original chain structure can be expanded into a mesh structure.
  • At least two of the two-hole nozzle holders are connected in sequence through a common nozzle holder to form a chain structure, wherein a common nozzle holder adjacent to the two-hole nozzle holder in the chain structure is a main connection shaft, wherein:
  • At least one of the two-hole nozzle holders is rotatably coupled to the main connecting shaft;
  • a further plurality of said two-hole nozzle holders form another said chain structure rotatably coupled to said main connecting shaft.
  • the double-hole nozzle holder is further connected on the main connecting shaft, and the structure is changed from the chain structure to the mesh structure.
  • the number of nozzles is expanded in multiple directions.
  • the nozzle holder includes a mounting plate and a protrusion; wherein the protrusion is fixed to the mounting plate, and a nozzle is disposed in the protrusion, and a cross-sectional area of the protrusion Less than the cross-sectional area of the mounting plate; the mounting plates of different nozzle holders are rotatably connected.
  • the nozzle holder is composed of a mounting plate and a boss having different cross-sectional areas, that is, the mounting plate has other spaces besides the mounting boss, and the other mounting plate can be inserted directly below the mounting plate.
  • the rotatably connected to the common rotatable mechanism can either use the raised portion as a rotating shaft or a rotating structure designed on the mounting plate without a raised portion. This way of expanding the nozzle holder is extremely space-saving compared to the general package construction.
  • the pitch between the nozzles projected on the horizontal plane can be free from more restrictions, and the pitch of the design is relatively uniform.
  • the mounting plates of at least two of the nozzle holders are connected in a rotatably connected manner to form a chain structure, wherein the rotating connection of the adjacent nozzle holders in the chain structure is a main connecting shaft, wherein:
  • At least one of the nozzle holders is rotatably coupled to the main connecting shaft;
  • a further plurality of said nozzle seats form another said chain structure rotatably coupled to said main connecting shaft.
  • the nozzle holder is further connected to the main connecting shaft, and the structure thereof is changed from the chain structure to the mesh structure.
  • the number of nozzles is expanded in multiple directions.
  • At least two of the nozzle holders are rotatably connected in turn through a rotating shaft to form a chain structure, wherein a rotating shaft of the adjacent nozzle holders is disposed as a main connecting shaft, wherein:
  • At least one of the nozzle holders is rotatably coupled to the main connecting shaft;
  • a further plurality of said nozzle seats form another said chain structure rotatably coupled to said main connecting shaft.
  • the nozzle holder is further connected to the main connecting shaft, and the structure is changed from the chain structure to the mesh structure.
  • the number of nozzles can be expanded in multiple directions.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head further includes a height adjustment structure, and the nozzle holder is slidably disposed on the head holder or other nozzle holder;
  • the height adjustment mechanism can drive the nozzle holder to slide to adjust the height of the nozzle on the nozzle holder.
  • the height adjustment structure can adjust the height of the nozzle to adjust the height of the nozzle to change the height difference between the nozzles.
  • the nozzle can be adjusted so that each nozzle is opposite to the printed layer. The best distance.
  • the nozzles of different layers are printed at the same distance from the printing layer, so that the printing material falls to the printing layer at the same time, which is more convenient for control.
  • the nozzles are disposed at the same height or at least at two heights.
  • each nozzle is at the optimum distance from its printed layer.
  • directly fixing the nozzle to the corresponding height can reduce the complexity of the structure.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head comprises:
  • At least one continuous extrusion nozzle At least one continuous extrusion nozzle
  • At least one discrete jet nozzle At least one discrete jet nozzle
  • At least one light source nozzle At least one light source nozzle
  • At least one heat source nozzle At least one heat source nozzle
  • At least one electrode nozzle At least one electrode nozzle
  • At least one pole tip nozzle At least one pole tip nozzle.
  • Printing with discrete jets is more accurate than continuous extrusion, and model details are easier to implement. It is beneficial to improve the surface smoothness and structural strength of the printed model. For example, due to the towing action of the extruded filament, the filament is not easily printed accurately at the sharp corners of the mold.
  • the time difference between each nozzle of the multi-nozzle is very short, and the extruded material can be solidified close to the same time, which makes the bonding effect between the material and the material better, which is beneficial to improve the strength and precision of the object to be printed.
  • the printing method and the head structure of the present invention can also use a plurality of different printing materials that require heating or no heating, and have wide application adaptability.
  • the light source nozzle means that the nozzle is a light source structure, which can provide a specific illumination
  • the heat source nozzle means that the nozzle is a heat source structure, and can provide a heat source
  • the electrode type nozzle means that the nozzle is an electrode structure and can provide an electric field
  • the magnetic pole nozzle means a nozzle For the magnetic pole structure, a magnetic field can be provided.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head further includes a sensor for detecting the zero or corner position of the nozzle seat.
  • the detection of the zero or corner position of the nozzle seat angle is controlled to control the rotation angle of the nozzle holder, so that the corresponding nozzle on the nozzle holder dynamically follows the printing path, ensuring that the multi-nozzle printing is effectively performed.
  • the senor is one or more of a photoelectric sensor, a Hall sensor, a resolver, a travel switch, and a touch switch.
  • the driving device is one or more of a helical gear, a bevel gear, a spur gear, a worm, a belt, a hollow shaft motor or a hydraulic motor.
  • the nozzle is one of a nozzle having a hole structure and a nozzle having no hole structure
  • the nozzle material is one of a metal, an electrically insulating material, an insoluble electrode material, a non-metallic conductive material or The compounding of several materials.
  • the nozzle is a nozzle provided with a hole structure, the nozzle comprises a feed channel, and a feed port and a spray port disposed at two ends of the feed channel;
  • the conveying passage is an inclined passage, the inclined passage is inclined from the inlet port to the spray nozzle, and a distance between each of the spray nozzles of each of the inclined passages is smaller than each of the feeds The distance between the mouths.
  • the conveying passage is an inclined passage, the inclined passage is inclined from the inlet port to the spray nozzle, and the diameter of the spray nozzle is smaller than the diameter of the inlet; and each of the inclined passages The distance between each of the spray nozzles is smaller than the distance between each of the feed ports.
  • the distance between the nozzles provided on adjacent nozzles can be reduced compared to the case of a straight type (coaxial setting), which not only facilitates the printing of a smaller radius of curvature
  • the printing track can also reduce the angle of rotation of the nozzle holder, improve the speed of the multi-nozzle quickly following various curvature printing paths, reduce the load of the driving device of the nozzle holder driving device or the printing platform, and can meet various applications in practical applications. demand.
  • the invention also discloses a printing method, which uses a printing nozzle and a printing platform for printing.
  • the printing nozzle is provided with at least two nozzles, and the printing nozzle comprises a nozzle holder and a nozzle holder, and the printing nozzle is opposite to the printing platform.
  • Exercise including the following steps:
  • the movable connection of the nozzle holder and the nozzle holder, and at least one nozzle disposed on the nozzle holder are connected. Further, under the driving of the driving device, the movement of the nozzle holder is realized, and the purpose is to move the nozzle on the nozzle holder along the set printing path by the movement of the nozzle holder, thereby realizing three-dimensional printing through the nozzle. It can not only print at the same time through two or more nozzles, but also effectively improve the printing speed. More preferably, when printing different models, the spacing of the printed material tracks can be adjusted and changed according to different situations, which is more suitable for practical applications. Kind of demand.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing head can realize different printing paths corresponding to different nozzles, corresponding printing paths of different layers can be simultaneously printed, which can be used for printing the same or different printing paths on the same layer, and can also be used for printing different layers.
  • the invention also discloses a printing method, which uses a printing nozzle and a printing platform for printing.
  • the printing nozzle is provided with a plurality of nozzles, and the printing nozzle comprises a nozzle holder and a nozzle holder.
  • the print head is the aforementioned multi-nozzle 3D print head.
  • the printing platform is rotatable, and the printing platform moves relative to the printing nozzle such that at least two of the nozzles respectively move along corresponding printing paths.
  • the printing platform can replace the rotation of a nozzle holder.
  • At least two of the nozzles are simultaneously moved along the printing path on at least two layers. It is possible to complete different layers of printing at the same time.
  • the direction in which the nozzle outputs the print material is not perpendicular to the surface of the printing platform.
  • At least one of the nozzles is transferred to another print path for printing before a print path is printed.
  • the three-dimensional data of the object to be printed having color or pattern information is analyzed, the printing path is divided into a plurality of units, and the corresponding main color is allocated on each unit to form a main color unit; and the plurality of nozzles respectively print corresponding The main color material; when the nozzle reaches a position of the printing path, the nozzle for printing the corresponding main color material is controlled to print at the position according to the main color unit color information of the position.
  • Full-color printing can be achieved by using a halftone on a solid or spatial surface, and it is better for color details, suitable for continuous extrusion and discrete jet printing types, especially for discrete jet printing types.
  • the nozzle is caused to spray at least two sizes of the printing material; the nozzle for injecting the large-sized printing material is controlled to print any layer of the object to be printed, and the nozzle for spraying the smaller-sized printing material is controlled to correspond to two layers of the object to be printed. Print between.
  • Large size prints are used for one layer of the object to be printed, while small size prints are used to print between layers printed on large prints by increasing the contact area between the layers or printing the lift layer and layer.
  • Interbonded materials to enhance the strength and sealing properties of the model. Controls the size of small-size prints, and can also fill the concave texture between layers to reduce the unevenness of the surface texture and improve the surface smoothness of the model.
  • the head holder and the nozzle holder are fixedly connected.
  • the present invention also discloses a multi-nozzle 3D printing system comprising: a gantry, a printing platform and a print head, the print head being disposed on the frame, the print head and the printing platform being opposite to x, y, z relative movement in three directions;
  • the print head is provided with at least two nozzles, and the print head is also rotated relative to the printing platform to move at least two nozzles along corresponding printing paths.
  • the printing platform is disposed on the frame.
  • the print head is the aforementioned multi-nozzle 3D print head.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing system is a printing system that prints using the aforementioned printing method.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing head and the printing method and the 3D printing system provided by the invention can bring at least one of the following beneficial effects:
  • the nozzle matching on the printing nozzle device is matched to at least two printing paths, which can effectively improve the printing speed.
  • the nozzles By moving the nozzles at the same height or different heights corresponding to the corresponding printing paths of different layers, simultaneous printing of multiple printing paths on different layers can be realized, and the printing speed is further doubled in the vertical direction.
  • the movement of the nozzle holder is arranged on the nozzle holder to move relative to the nozzle holder, such as rotation or linear motion, so that the relative position of the nozzle and the nozzle holder can be adjusted on the XY horizontal surface, and finally the nozzle is along the printing path.
  • the tangential direction and the distance between projections in a plane perpendicular to this direction are arbitrarily adjustable within a range of less than a certain value (ie, each nozzle moves along a corresponding print path).
  • And can control the nozzle seat to move linearly along the nozzle holder to change the height between the nozzles Degree difference. It can adapt to the printing needs under different working conditions, that is, the different spacing between the printing paths, the different layer heights of the 3D printing two-dimensional cross section.
  • the printing method and the head structure of the present invention can also use a plurality of different printing materials that require heating or no heating, and have wide application adaptability.
  • fractal printing for example, printing small size materials between large size prints, by increasing the contact area between the layers or by printing the adhesion between the layers on the fractional layer.
  • the appropriate material diameter can be controlled to fill the concave texture between the layers, reduce the unevenness of the surface texture, and improve the surface smoothness of the model.
  • This printing method has a wide range of applications, such as the application of biomedicine, medical technology, food technology, building technology, composite materials with certain characteristics or special function development.
  • the nozzle By using the nozzle as an electrode or spraying the electrolyte, it can be used in numerical control electroforming technology.
  • the nozzle is set as a light source and a spray of a photosensitive liquid, which can be used for photosensitive resin molding.
  • the nozzle holders of three sleeve-like structures are concentrically sleeved or eccentrically nested along the same central axis or two nozzle holders are simultaneously arranged on one nozzle holder, so that The entire print head is compact.
  • the structure of the chain structure nozzle facilitates the expansion of more nozzles on the nozzle. If the layers are nested, only one (or two) nozzles are generally provided on each annular sleeve. When the number of nozzles is large, the diameter of the outer ring becomes larger, the utilization rate is lower, the overall structure size is large, and the structure is complicated. .
  • For the "chain” structure when adding a new nozzle, just add a "chain joint" repeatedly, and at least 2 nozzles can be added to a "joint". Conducive to reducing the size and structural complexity of multi-nozzle nozzles.
  • the chain nozzle structure can also realize the mesh nozzle structure. The number of nozzles can be expanded in two dimensions.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing another structure of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a third structural schematic view of the nozzle multi-nozzle 3D printing head of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of the nozzle holder of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is another layout diagram of the driving device of Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a third embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a fourth embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • Figure 10-a is a perspective structural view of a fifth embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • Figure 10-b is a cross-sectional view of the multi-nozzle 3D printhead of Figure 10-a;
  • Embodiment 5 of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention is another schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • 12-a is a perspective structural view of a sixth embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • 12-b is another schematic structural view of the sixth embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the third structure of the sixth embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle of the present invention.
  • Figure 14-a is a partially cutaway structural view of the nozzle holder portion of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of the present invention.
  • Figure 14-b is a cross-sectional view of Figure 14-a;
  • Figure 15-a is a schematic view of the structure of a height adjustment mechanism.
  • Figure 15-b is a schematic view of the structure of another height adjustment mechanism.
  • 16-a is a schematic structural view showing a driving device of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of the present invention as a bevel gear pair;
  • 16-b is a schematic structural view showing the driving device of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of the present invention directly driving the rotor of the motor and the nozzle holder;
  • 16-c is a schematic structural view of the driving device of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head of the present invention which is driven by a synchronous belt;
  • Figure 17-a is a schematic view of the printing method of the present invention in general.
  • Figure 17-b is a schematic view showing the relationship between the relative rotation angle of the nozzle holder or the head holder and the printing platform and the distance of the printing path when the printing path is a set of parallel lines in the printing method of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 17-c is a view showing the relationship between the relative rotation angle formed by the nozzle holder or the head holder and the printing platform and the distance between the printing paths in the case where the printing path of the embodiment of the present invention is a set of parallel lines;
  • 17-d is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the relative rotation angle formed by the nozzle holder or the head holder and the printing platform and the distance between the printing paths when the printing path is a set of concentric rings in the printing method of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 17-e is a view showing the relationship between the relative rotation angle formed by the nozzle holder or the head holder and the printing platform and the distance between the printing paths according to another embodiment of the printing method of the present invention.
  • [Correct according to Rule 91 07.07.2017] 18 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the relative rotation angles formed by the nozzle holder or the head holder and the printing platform and the distance between the printing paths in the second embodiment of the printing method of the present invention
  • 19 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the relative rotation angles formed by the nozzle holder or the head holder and the printing platform and the distance between the printing paths in another case of the second embodiment of the printing method of the present invention.
  • 20-a is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the printing method of the present invention, a multi-step printing path of a continuous extrusion multi-nozzle simultaneous stacking printing;
  • Figure 20-b is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the printed interlayer formed when the third embodiment of the printing method of the present invention is applied.
  • Figure 21-a is a schematic illustration of a discrete jet multi-nozzle simultaneous stacking print multi-layer print path.
  • Figure 21-b is a schematic illustration of another discrete jet printing method and color printing method.
  • Figure 21-c is a schematic illustration of discrete ejection printing and color printing in a different configuration than the application of Figure 21-b.
  • Figure 21-d is a schematic illustration of a continuous extrusion printing method and another color printing method.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing a printing method when the center line of the nozzle is at an angle ⁇ with the printing platform.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic perspective view of a multi-nozzle 3D printing system.
  • Figure 24 is a symbolic annotation table in Figures 17-a-19;
  • B-nozzle holder B1-first nozzle holder; B2-second nozzle holder; B3-third nozzle holder;
  • D-drive device D1-first drive device; D2-second drive device; D3-third drive device;
  • NA-Nozzle arranged on the nozzle holder ie, fixed to the nozzle holder
  • N01, N02, N03, N04-nozzle
  • Multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle embodiment 1 referring to FIG. 1 , a perspective view of a multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle, the embodiment specifically provides a printing nozzle, including a nozzle holder A, a nozzle holder B, and a driving device D.
  • the printing nozzle is provided with at least two nozzles
  • the nozzle holder B is movably disposed on the nozzle holder A
  • at least one nozzle N is disposed on the nozzle holder B.
  • two nozzles N01 and N02 are disposed on the nozzle holder B.
  • two nozzles N01 and N02 are disposed on the nozzle holder B
  • two nozzles N01 and N02 are disposed on the nozzle holder B
  • a nozzle NA is disposed on the nozzle holder A.
  • the driving device D drives the nozzle holder B to move, and the printing nozzle drives the two nozzles N01 and N02 to move along the track set on the nozzle.
  • the nozzle holder B is sleeved on the inner side of the head holder A, and preferably the midpoint of the line connecting the two nozzles N coincides with the central axis of the nozzle holder B; in FIG. 2
  • the nozzle holder B is slidably sleeved on the outside of the head holder A, and preferably the nozzle NA provided on the head holder is coincident with the central axis of the nozzle holder B.
  • At least one of the plurality of nozzles N may be disposed on the nozzle holder B, one or more of which are disposed on the showerhead holder A.
  • nozzles N01, N02, N03, and N04 are disposed on the nozzle holder B, wherein a midpoint of the line connecting the two nozzles N02 and N03 and a center axis of the nozzle holder B are provided. coincide.
  • the nozzles N01, N02, N03, and N04 can be moved relative to the head holder A, and each of the nozzles N01, N02, N03, and N04 forms a track, and the track is formed by the nozzle holder B in the head holder A.
  • the motion path under the combined motion of the seat motion and the nozzle seat motion should normally be the print path of the nozzle.
  • the movement track defined by the nozzle holder B in the nozzle holder A is the track of the nozzle holder.
  • the track of the nozzle holder is a circle of different radius fixed on the head holder A.
  • the number and arrangement of the nozzles N are all reasonably adjusted according to actual needs.
  • a preferred nozzle arrangement is that the nozzles are collinearly aligned. In the latter embodiment, the preferred arrangement of the nozzles is such that the nozzles are collinearly arranged by the rotation of the nozzle holder.
  • each additional nozzle holder provided by the multi-nozzle 3D printing head means that a degree of freedom is added, that is, a nozzle provided on the additional nozzle holder can be driven to a printing path by the nozzle holder.
  • the number of nozzles is further increased, which means that one of the plurality of nozzles can be selected to the corresponding printing path, for example, a nozzle can be selected to reduce the driving device. Power loss, or you can choose to print a nozzle for a certain material, or you can choose to print a nozzle of a certain color to increase the flexibility of the application.
  • a plurality of nozzles can be arranged in a rectangular or circular array on the nozzle holder.
  • Embodiment 2 of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle the structure and working principle of the second embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the nozzle holder includes the first nozzle holder B1 and the second nozzle holder B2.
  • a third nozzle holder B3 wherein at least one first nozzle N1 is disposed on the first nozzle holder B1, at least one second nozzle N2 is disposed on the second nozzle holder B2, and at least one third nozzle is disposed on the third nozzle holder B3.
  • the driving device D includes a first driving device D1, a second driving device D2, and a third driving device D3.
  • first nozzle holder B1 is coupled to the first driving device D1 and is driven to be moved by the first driving device D1;
  • second nozzle holder B2 is coupled to the second driving device D2 and is driven to be moved by the second driving device D2;
  • the third nozzle holder B3 is coupled to the third driving device D3 and is driven to move by the third driving device D3.
  • each of the driving devices drives the nozzle holders connected to each other to move, thereby adjusting the position of each nozzle relative to the head holder.
  • the driving gear shafts of the driving device in FIGS. 5 and 6 are in a parallel relationship, and FIG. 7 shows another arrangement of the driving device, and the adjacent driving device is provided.
  • the drive gear shafts are arranged in a vertical relationship, which is more advantageous in reducing the spacing of the drive means in the axial direction of the nozzle holder.
  • the first nozzle holder B1 is disposed in the second nozzle of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle.
  • the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are both sleeve-like structures; as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the first nozzle holder B1, the second nozzle holder B2, and the third nozzle holder B3 are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside.
  • the nozzle holder A and the third nozzle holder B3 can be slidably sleeved, and the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are slidably sleeved, and then the first nozzle holder B1 and the second nozzle holder B2 are sleeved. Set the connection.
  • the third nozzle holder B3 can be slidably sleeved outside the nozzle holder A, and the second nozzle holder B2 and the first nozzle holder B1 can be sleeved in sequence.
  • the specific order of setting is not limited.
  • the third nozzle holder B3 can also be connected to the nozzle holder A through the bearing 11, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, and of course, other methods can be used for connection, and will not be described again.
  • the first nozzle holder B1, the second nozzle holder B2, and the third nozzle holder B3 are concentrically sleeved along the same central axis.
  • the first driving device D1 is specifically disposed on the head holder A and connected to the first nozzle holder B1, so that the first nozzle holder B1 can be driven to rotate about the central axis, thereby making The two first nozzles N1, N1' disposed on a nozzle holder B1 are rotated about the central axis; and the second driving device D2 is also disposed on the nozzle holder A and connected to the second nozzle holder B2, and can pass through the second driving device.
  • the third driving device D3 is also disposed on the head holder A and connected to the third nozzle holder B3, so that the third nozzle holder B3 can be driven to rotate about the central axis with respect to the head holder A by the third driving device D3, thereby making the third nozzle
  • the angle between the line connecting N3 or N3' and the central axis and the line connecting the second nozzle N2 or N2' and the central axis may vary.
  • first nozzle holder B1, the second nozzle holder B2, and the third nozzle holder B3 may of course be eccentric sleeves in other multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle embodiments, and the specific connection manner may also be required for actual needs. Make a reasonable design. In this application, concentricity is taken as an example, and other connection methods are not illustrated one by one.
  • the nozzles that are connected to each other are driven to move along the respective orbits by different driving devices, so that the nozzles disposed on the nozzle holders are tangential to the printing path and in this direction.
  • the distance between projections in a vertical plane ie, less than a certain The range of values is adjusted to satisfy that each nozzle prints along its corresponding print path, effectively increasing the printing speed.
  • the rails of the nozzle holders are circles having different radii fixed to the head holder A.
  • the track of the nozzle holder can be fixed on the head holder A, or can be fixed on one of the nozzle holders B.
  • the track of the nozzle holder can be either a curve or a point. I will not repeat them one by one.
  • Embodiment 3 of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle the structure and working principle of the third embodiment are basically the same as those of the second embodiment, and the first nozzle holder B1, the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are concentrically arranged along the same central axis. .
  • the third driving device D3 is disposed on the head holder A
  • the second driving device D2 is fixed to the third nozzle holder B3
  • the first driving device D1 is fixed to the second nozzle holder B2.
  • the third nozzle holder B3 can be driven to rotate relative to the head holder A by the third driving device D3, while the second nozzle holder B2 is driven to rotate by the second driving device D2 connected to the third nozzle holder B3, and the second nozzle
  • the first driving device D1 connected to the seat B2 drives the first nozzle holder B1 to rotate, thereby implementing the one-way linkage function (ie, when the third driving device D3 is driven, the second nozzle is driven by the second driving device D2 and the first driving device D1)
  • the second driving device D1 drives the first nozzle holder B1 to rotate simultaneously
  • D1 needs to drive the corner.
  • the second nozzle holder B2 can be further driven to rotate about the central axis by the second driving device D2, and the first driving device D1 disposed on the second nozzle holder B2 is driven first.
  • the nozzle holder B1 is simultaneously rotated, so that the angle between the line connecting the second nozzle N2 or N2' and the central axis and the line connecting the third nozzle N3 or N3' and the central axis can be changed;
  • the device D1 drives the first nozzle holder B1 to rotate about the central axis such that the angle between the line connecting the second nozzle N2 or N2' and the central axis and the line connecting the first nozzle N1 or N1' and the central axis can be varied.
  • the respective nozzles are independently driven by the respective connected driving devices, so that the different nozzles move along the respective tracks.
  • the track of the first nozzle holder B1 is a circle fixed on the second nozzle holder B2
  • the track of the second nozzle holder B2 is a circle fixed on the third nozzle holder B3
  • the track of the seat B3 is a circle fixed to the head holder A.
  • the structure similar to the sequential arrangement is not limited to the above-mentioned three nozzle holders.
  • a plurality of nozzle holders B are disposed in series from the inside and the outside, and at least one nozzle holder B is disposed on the head holder A. At least one nozzle is provided on each nozzle holder. And each nozzle holder B has a corresponding drive device D. It can be expanded to include a structure of 2 or more nozzle holders.
  • Embodiment 4 of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle Referring to FIG. 9, the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are both movably disposed on the first nozzle holder B1.
  • the first driving device D1 is disposed on the head holder A and connected to the first nozzle holder B1, so that the first nozzle holder B1, the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 can be driven to rotate simultaneously.
  • the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are respectively driven to rotate or linearly move the second driving device D2 and the third driving device D3.
  • the first driving device D1 and the first nozzle holder B1 are respectively a rotation driving device and a rotating nozzle holder, and the second driving device D2 and the third driving device D3 are linear driving devices, and the second nozzle
  • the seat B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are linear nozzle holders; thus, when the first driving device D1 drives the first nozzle holder B1 to rotate, the second nozzle holder B2 is simultaneously rotated, and the second nozzle holder B2 is at the second driving device D2.
  • the driving is linearly moved relative to the first nozzle holder B1, and the angle and/or distance formed by the connection between the second nozzle N2 and the first nozzle N1 and the third nozzle N3 can be effectively controlled by the movement.
  • the third nozzle holder B3 can be linearly moved relative to the first nozzle holder B1 under the driving of the third driving device D3, and the connection between the third nozzle N3 and the first nozzle N1 and the second nozzle N2 can be effectively controlled by the movement.
  • the track of the first nozzle holder B1 is a circle fixed on the head holder A
  • the track of the second nozzle holder B2 is a straight line segment fixed on the first nozzle holder B1
  • the track of the seat B3 is also a straight line segment fixed to the first nozzle holder B1.
  • the nozzle device comprises: a nozzle holder A, a two-hole nozzle holder B01, and two general nozzle holders B01' and B02'.
  • the nozzle holder is generally provided with at least one nozzle N and/or a cylindrical hole; the double-hole nozzle holder includes two cylindrical holes for mounting the nozzle holder.
  • Each nozzle block has a corresponding drive mechanism (not shown) that drives its action.
  • the first general nozzle holder B01' and the second general nozzle holder B02 are respectively rotatably mounted in the cylindrical hole of the two-hole nozzle holder B01.
  • two nozzles are respectively disposed on each of the general nozzle holders, that is, the first nozzle A first nozzle is provided on a general nozzle holder B01' N01 and N01', the second general nozzle holder B02' is provided with two first nozzles N02 and N02'.
  • the nozzles are not directly disposed on the two-hole nozzle holder, and the final movement trajectory of the nozzles relative to the nozzle holders is that the two-hole nozzle holders are coupled with the rotation movement of the general nozzle holders therein, so that two nozzles on each of the general nozzle holders
  • the action of adjusting the head holder A and the nozzle holder B can be corresponding to the corresponding printing path.
  • nozzle holders B01' and B02' can also be selected as one of the following structures:
  • a cylindrical hole and a nozzle are arranged thereon, and the cylindrical hole can continue to nest the nozzle holder inwardly to form a sleeve type structure similar to that in the third embodiment of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle;
  • a general nozzle holder can be set, or a two-hole nozzle holder can also be provided.
  • a cylindrical nozzle can be provided with a general nozzle seat or a double hole nozzle seat.
  • the print head device includes two double-hole nozzle holders, respectively a first two-hole nozzle holder B01 and a second two-hole nozzle holder B02, and a second two-hole nozzle holder B02 is mounted on the first two-hole nozzle.
  • the printing nozzle device further includes three general nozzle holders, which are a first general nozzle holder B01', a second general nozzle holder B02', and a third general nozzle holder B03'.
  • the first general nozzle holder B01' is disposed in the other cylindrical hole of the first two-hole nozzle holder B01, and the second general nozzle holder B02' and the third general nozzle holder B03' are disposed in the second dual-hole nozzle holder B02. In two cylindrical holes. And there are two nozzles on the three general nozzle seats.
  • the two-hole nozzle holder is directly mounted on the head holder A in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the general nozzle holder may be directly mounted on the head holder A and connected to another general nozzle holder through the double-hole nozzle holder.
  • the printing nozzle device includes: a nozzle holder A, two double-hole nozzle holders B01 and B02, and three general nozzle holders. B01', B02' and B03'.
  • the nozzle holder is generally provided with at least one nozzle N and/or a cylindrical hole; the double-hole nozzle holder includes two cylindrical holes for mounting the nozzle holder.
  • Each nozzle block has a corresponding drive mechanism (not shown) that drives its action.
  • the first two-hole nozzle holder B01 is mounted on the head holder A.
  • the nozzle holder B02' is provided with two cylindrical holes of the two-hole nozzle holders B01 and B02, so that B01 and B02 can be rotatably connected, and the other two general nozzle holders B01' and B03' are respectively arranged in the other cylindrical holes of B01 and B02. in.
  • each of the general nozzle holders is separately provided Two nozzles are provided, that is, two first nozzles N01 and N01' are disposed on the first general nozzle holder B01', and two first nozzles N02 and N02' are disposed on the second general nozzle holder B02'.
  • the number of two-hole nozzle holders is not limited to two, and each two-hole nozzle holders are rotatably connected by a general nozzle holder, and can continue to one side or both sides in a structure similar to that of Fig. 12-a. Expand the two-hole nozzle holder to form a chain structure. If there are three double-hole nozzle holders that are rotatably connected by a general nozzle holder, the expanded structure is transformed from a chain structure to a mesh structure, as shown in Figures 12-b and 12-c.
  • the nozzle holders B03, B02, B01 and B05 are rotatably connected by a general nozzle holder to form a chain structure, and the double-hole nozzle holder B04 is rotatably connected to the connecting shafts of the two-hole nozzle holders B02 and B01, and then the two sides are double-hole
  • the mesh structure shown in Fig. 19 is formed. You can continue to scale out with a similar structure.
  • the nozzle holders B1, B2, and B3 are each composed of a mounting plate 51 and a boss portion 52.
  • the boss portion has a cylindrical shape, and the cross-sectional area of the boss portion is smaller than that of the mounting plate, and the nozzle N01 , N01 ⁇ , N02, N03 are disposed on the convex portion 52, wherein the nozzle holder B1 includes two convex portions on which nozzles N01 and N01' are respectively disposed; and the nozzle holders B2 and B3 are provided with a convex portion 52.
  • the cylindrical hole of the nozzle holder B2 is sleeved on the convex portion where the nozzle N01' is located, and the mounting plate of the two nozzle holders is rotatably connected by a convex portion as a rotating shaft, and the cylinder of the nozzle holder B3 The hole is sleeved on the boss 52 of the nozzle holder B2.
  • the nozzle N01' can be disposed on the same boss as the nozzle N01 to shorten the distance between the nozzles.
  • a mesh structure as shown in Fig. 23 can be formed similarly to the foregoing embodiment.
  • nozzle holders B1 and B2 or between the nozzle holders can also be connected by other rotating shaft structures.
  • an arc-shaped convex structure can be arranged on the B1
  • an arc-shaped concave structure can be arranged on the B2, and the circular arc is convex.
  • the structure is embedded in the arcuate concave structure to form a rotatable shaft structure connection that can be swung within a certain angle range.
  • the shape of the boss portion 52 need not be a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG.
  • the nozzles can be placed at the same height to facilitate printing on the same layer of print path and facilitate design and fabrication.
  • the nozzle can also be arranged at at least two heights, as shown in Figure 10, Figure 11, and Figure 12-a, so that it can better adapt to the same
  • the plurality of nozzles may be equidistant from their corresponding printing layers, or the nozzles may be at an optimum distance according to the characteristics of different materials, so as to make the printing materials from the nozzles as close as possible. Falling on the print layer facilitates improved printing and is easy to control.
  • the height adjustment mechanism can be added to the nozzle to control the nozzle seat lifting, and then the nozzle on the nozzle is brought to the corresponding height.
  • An exemplary screw lever mechanism or locating slot positioning rod mechanism can be used.
  • the lead screw mechanism is composed of a lead screw 41 and a nut 42 which are respectively connected to the head holder and the nozzle holder, or to the two nozzle holders.
  • the change in the height difference in the axial direction of the two connecting members is achieved by the rotational action of the screw 41.
  • the action of the screw 41 can be achieved by manual or motor drive (not shown in the drive motor diagram).
  • the positioning slot positioning rod mechanism can also be used. Referring to FIG. 15-b, the positioning rod 44 can be inserted into different positioning slots 43 for limitation, and the height of the nozzle holder can be adjusted stepwise to adjust the between nozzles. The height difference.
  • the driving device provided in the foregoing multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle embodiment is a helical gear, a worm gear transmission pair or a screw pair.
  • the drive unit can also be a bevel gear drive pair, as shown in Figure 16-b.
  • the drive unit is driven by the motor rotor directly connected to the nozzle holder, ie the hollow shaft motor drive, Figure 16 -c Drives in synchronous belt drive.
  • the driving device may also adopt one of a spur gear or a hydraulic motor, and the specific one may be selected according to actual needs, and details are not described herein again.
  • the track of the nozzle holder is preferably circular or straight.
  • the track of the nozzle holder may also be in the form of other curves.
  • a curved chute track can be arranged on the nozzle holder or the nozzle holder, and the nozzle seat moves along the chute curve chute, and the nozzle of the nozzle seat can be curved.
  • the track is reasonably set, and in some application examples, one drive unit can be driven to drive a plurality of nozzle seats.
  • the nozzles in the printing nozzle have a nozzle structure with a hole structure and a nozzle without a hole structure, and the material of the nozzle is metal, electrical insulating material, A composite of one or more materials of an insoluble electrode material, a non-metallic conductive material.
  • the nozzle holder includes a feed passage 21, and a feed port 22 disposed at both ends of the feed passage (i.e., a port for printing-related material entering, actually It is connected to the feeding mechanism when in use, and the spray port 23 (i.e., the port for ejecting the printing-related material).
  • the feed passage 21 is provided as an inclined passage such that the distance between the spray ports 23 of the feed passage 21 of the nozzle holder is smaller than the distance between the feed ports 22, so that the distance between the nozzles can be spaced at the feed port 22. The reduction is achieved without being close.
  • This type of nozzle structure facilitates multi-nozzle printing of objects having a small curvature of the printing path, and can reduce the relative rotation angle of the nozzle holder in the same radius of curvature of the printing path. Helps improve printing speed.
  • the spray port 23 is directly connected to the upper feed passage 21 (i.e., coaxially disposed), and the flow resistance of the spray port 23 and the feed passage 21 structure in this manner is small.
  • the delivery channel 21 can also be set to other types, which are all within the scope of protection of the present application.
  • the spray head is provided with a sensor 30 for checking the position of the nozzle seat relative to the corner position of the head holder or the zero point of the corner, as shown in FIG. Specifically, the movement of the nozzle holder on its orbit is controlled in real time by the deviation of the obtained nozzle seat angle position from the desired rotation position, and the relative movement of the nozzle holder and the printing platform X, Y, Z is finally achieved.
  • a plurality of nozzles N are printed along respective corresponding print paths. As shown in FIG. 5, each nozzle holder B obtains the corner zero or corner position information of each nozzle holder through the respective first sensor 31, second sensor 32, and third sensor 33.
  • the set sensor may be one of a photoelectric sensor, a Hall sensor, a resolver, a travel switch and a touch switch, and the sensor may also be mounted on the print head holder A or on each nozzle holder B, It is sufficient to detect the zero point or the corner position of the nozzle holder B.
  • the specific installation method is not further limited in this application, and a reasonable installation design can be made according to actual needs.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle can add other components or functions according to actual application requirements, such as a heating device, a heat sink or a feeding mechanism.
  • the invention also provides a printing method, which uses a printing nozzle and a printing platform for printing.
  • the printing nozzle is provided with at least two nozzles, the printing nozzle includes a nozzle holder and a nozzle holder, and the printing nozzle and the printing platform are relatively moved, and the following steps are included. :
  • the invention also provides another printing method, which adopts a nozzle having a plurality of nozzles, and respectively moves through the nozzle holders and the printing platform in three directions of x, y, and z, respectively, through the nozzle holders or the nozzle holders respectively.
  • the distance between the nozzles in the tangential direction of the printing path and the projection in a plane perpendicular to the direction is arbitrarily adjustable within a range smaller than a certain value (even if at least two nozzles respectively correspond to each other)
  • the print path is moved to achieve multi-nozzle 3D printing.
  • nozzles NA, N1, N2, and N3 are disposed on the printing nozzle, and the four nozzles can be passed through the nozzle holder and the nozzle holder.
  • the motion is driven to the corresponding print path.
  • the nozzle holder is provided with a nozzle NA, and the origin of the printing nozzle is coincident with the nozzle, and the nozzle holder A drives the origin to move relative to the printing platform C, so that the origin moves to a starting point relative to the printing path on the printing platform C.
  • the head holder A drives the nozzle NA to move along the printing path L1 in the X, Y plane.
  • the first nozzle N1 moves along the track T1 until the first nozzle N1 reaches the printing path L2 and stops moving along its track T1, and the angle relative to the initial position after the movement is ⁇ 1, and the distance to the NA after the movement is d1; the second nozzle N2 Moving along its track T2 until the second nozzle N2 reaches the printing path L3 and stops moving along the track T2, the angle from the initial position after the movement is ⁇ 2, the distance to the NA after the movement is d2, and the third nozzle N3 along its track T3 Moving until the third nozzle N3 reaches the printing path L4 stops moving along the track T3, and the angle from the initial position after the movement is ⁇ 3, and the distance to the NA after the movement is d3. It should be noted that the order in which the four nozzles NA, N1, N1, and N3 respectively reach their corresponding printing paths is not limited, or may arrive at the same time.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head has at least 3 movable nozzle holders, that is, 3 degrees of freedom are added, it can be satisfied that at least 4 nozzles can be driven to the corresponding printing paths, thereby realizing 4 nozzles respectively.
  • the corresponding print path travels because the relative movement of the print head holder relative to the print platform always ensures that at least one nozzle is on the corresponding print path.
  • the number of nozzles in the embodiment of the method and the subsequent method embodiment is only an example, and the printing method is The number of nozzles is not limited. When the number of printing paths changes, the number of nozzle holders and nozzles can be changed accordingly.
  • the printing methods are similar, and will not be described herein.
  • the print heads of the first to seventh nozzles of the multi-nozzle 3D print head can be expanded to include at least three movable nozzle holders, and are therefore adapted to the embodiment of the method.
  • both nozzles NA and N1 are placed on the same nozzle holder B1 and are designated N1 and N1', respectively. This processing does not change the printing effect.
  • the print path L is a set of parallel lines: as shown in Figures 17-b and 24.
  • the three nozzle holders rotate independently of each other.
  • the first nozzle N1 and the first nozzle N1' are fixed on the first nozzle holder B1 (ie, the first nozzle holder B1 is provided with two first nozzles N1, N1'), and the second nozzle N2 is fixed to the second nozzle holder.
  • the third nozzle B3 is fixed to the third nozzle holder B3, and T1, T2, and T3 are the tracks of the nozzles N1', N2, and N3, respectively, and are round in this example.
  • each nozzle When the nozzle holders are respectively rotated by a certain angle, combined with the relative movement of the nozzle holder and the printing platform, each nozzle can be placed in a corresponding printing path, as shown in the figure.
  • the three nozzle holders in FIG. 17-b may also be rotated in association with each other.
  • the motion track of the first nozzle holder B1 is fixed on the second nozzle holder B2
  • the motion track of the second nozzle holder B2 is fixed at the On the three nozzle holder B3
  • the movement track of the third nozzle holder B3 is fixed to the head holder A.
  • Each nozzle holder is rotated by a certain angle, and the relative movement of the nozzle holder and the printing platform is combined, so that each nozzle is in a corresponding printing path.
  • This arrangement can reduce the corners of the nozzle holders B2 and B1.
  • four nozzles can also be placed in the same nozzle holder.
  • nozzle holders B2 and B3 can be eliminated and nozzles N2 and N3 can be placed on nozzle holder B1.
  • FIG. 17-c shows another embodiment, the first nozzle holder B1 is connected to the nozzle holder A, and the second nozzle holder B2 and the third nozzle holder B3 are disposed at the a nozzle holder B1, and the track of the first nozzle holder B1 is a circle fixed on the head holder, the track of the second nozzle holder B2 and the track of the third nozzle holder B3 are fixed on the first nozzle holder B1, which are collinear Line segment.
  • the nozzle holder B1 is rotated by a certain angle, and the nozzle holders B2 and B3 are moved along the track by a certain distance. Combined with the relative movement of the nozzle and the printing platform, the nozzles can be placed in the corresponding printing paths.
  • the tracks T2 and T3 of the nozzle holders B2 and B3 may not be collinear or overlap with the nozzle N1, and it is also possible to simultaneously print a plurality of printing paths by multiple nozzles.
  • the print path L is a set of concentric rings: as shown in Figures 17-d and 24.
  • the three nozzle seats can be rotated independently of each other or can be rotated in relation to each other.
  • Each nozzle holder is rotated by a certain angle, and combined with the relative movement of the nozzle holder and the printing platform, each nozzle can be in a corresponding printing path. If all four nozzles are placed on the same nozzle holder, there may be two nozzles that cannot be accurately placed in the corresponding print path, and an approximate print can be made for less demanding applications.
  • Figure 17-e shows another embodiment, the first nozzle holder B1 is connected to the nozzle holder A, the second nozzle holder B2, the third nozzle holder B3 are disposed on the first nozzle holder B1, and the first nozzle holder B1 is
  • the track is a circle fixed to the head holder, and the track of the second nozzle holder B2 and the track of the third nozzle holder B3 are fixed to the first nozzle holder B1, both of which are line segments.
  • the nozzle holder B1 is rotated by a certain angle, and the nozzle holders B2 and B3 are moved along the respective tracks by a certain distance. In combination with the relative movement of the nozzles and the printing platform, the nozzles can be placed in the corresponding printing paths.
  • the tracks T2 and T3 of the nozzle holders B2 and B3 can also be collinear or coincide with the nozzle N1, and it is also possible to simultaneously print a plurality of printing paths by multiple nozzles.
  • the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 print the same layer.
  • the four nozzles N1, N2, N3, and N4 can respectively print 4 paths of the same layer, that is, when p1, p2, and p3 are not 0. It is also possible to have at least two nozzles simultaneously printing the same path, that is, when one of p1, p2, and p3 is 0.
  • N1 and N2 simultaneously print L1 (coincident with L2)
  • N3 and N4 simultaneously print L3 (coincid with L4)
  • the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 can also simultaneously print the print paths on at least two layers.
  • the nozzle pitch can be set to be the same as the print path pitch
  • a plurality of nozzles eg, ⁇ 3 are arranged on one nozzle holder, and the collinear arrangement is arranged to simplify the nozzle structure.
  • the nozzle moves relative to the printing platform, the nozzle holder and the printing platform rotate relative to each other, so that each nozzle is simultaneously in the printing path.
  • the origin of the head holder is overlapped with a certain nozzle N, and this processing method is only for convenience of analysis.
  • the origin of the nozzle holder can be placed at any position of the nozzle holder, and the same result can be achieved.
  • the center of the nozzle circular track is coincident with the nozzle B1 for the convenience of analysis.
  • the center of the circular orbit of each nozzle can be located at any position on the nozzle, and does not have to coincide with each other.
  • the print path and nozzle track in the figure are represented by mapping to corresponding lines on the XY plane.
  • the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of movement of the printhead relative to the printing platform, that is, the movement of the print head, the movement of the print platform, or the joint motion of the two. The same as the following.
  • the head comprises a head holder A, a nozzle holder B, and two nozzles N01 and N02, i.e., corresponding print paths L1 and L2, respectively.
  • the two-dot chain line in the figure indicates the track of the nozzle.
  • the projection pitches of the print paths L1 and L2 on the XY plane are k1, and the projection pitch in the Z direction is ⁇ 1.
  • the two nozzles N01, N02 may be disposed on the head holder A and the other on the nozzle holder B. Similarly, the two nozzles may travel along the printing paths L1, L2 of the different layers.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head includes six nozzles N01, N01', N02, N02', N03, N03', which can be driven to the respective print paths L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, respectively.
  • the figure shows that the print paths are on three layers, where: N01, N01' are on the same layer, N02, N02' are on the same layer, N03, N03' are on the same layer; for example, L1, L2, L3 are in XY
  • the projections of the faces coincide, the projections of L4, L5, and L6 on the XY plane coincide, and the projections of L1 and L4 on the printing surface do not coincide.
  • the printing method can be implemented by the printing nozzle device shown in FIG. 12-a in the sixth embodiment.
  • a nozzle holder or nozzle adjustment method for 2 print paths per layer The two nozzles on each common nozzle holder are on the same floor and each prints a different print path. That is, 6 nozzles simultaneously print 3 layers, and each layer prints 2 print paths at the same time.
  • Fig. 20-a exemplarily, an example in which four nozzles N1, N2, N3 and N4 are simultaneously continuously extruded to print a printing path on four layers.
  • Fig. 21-a shows an example in which four nozzles N1, N2, N3 and N4 are simultaneously discretely ejected to print a 4-layer print path.
  • nozzles are set to the same height, as shown in the multi-nozzle in Fig. 21-b, can also be used for multi-layer printing.
  • the print distance of each nozzle to the corresponding layer will be different. This method simplifies the structure of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle holders B1, B2, B3 and B4 are shown in the figure. Actually, several nozzle holders may be integrated or integrated with the nozzle holder. As shown in Fig. 21-c, the four nozzle holders are integrated. The same below.
  • the method can print on the integer layer or on the score layer.
  • the integer layer refers to the layer produced by the model slice or layer
  • the fractional layer refers to the layer between the integer layers.
  • the nozzles can print at least two sizes of material, or print at least two diameters. Controlling the nozzle N01 for printing a large or large-diameter print material to print any print layer of the object to be printed, and controlling the nozzle N02 for printing the smaller size or small-diameter print material to print between the two print layers of the object to be printed .
  • a material having a large size or a large diameter is printed on a printing path on an adjacent layer, and a material having a small size or a small diameter is printed at a gap between the layers and the layer; the printing material forms a stacked structure similar to that shown in Fig. 20-b.
  • fractional layer printing by discrete jetting can also achieve the similar structure of FIG. 20-b, achieving the similar effect described above.
  • the nozzles whose tracks are line segments can also be used for multi-layer printing of integer layers or fractional layers. The method is similar and will not be described here.
  • the nozzle in the printing method can continuously extrude material or discrete injection material, or be a light source nozzle, a heat source nozzle; an electrode nozzle; a magnetic pole nozzle.
  • the discrete jet printing method is as shown in Fig. 21-a, Fig. 21-b and Fig. 21-c, and the movement of the nozzle holder and the head holder is controlled so that the nozzles respectively print corresponding to the printing path, and the string shape is formed along the printing track.
  • the nozzles N1, N2, N3, and N4 can respectively correspond to the printing tracks on different layers, and the nozzles N1, N2, N3, and N4 can be set at different heights as shown in Fig. 21-a, or can be set as shown in Fig. 21-b. At the same height.
  • the discrete printing method is different from the continuous extrusion printing method.
  • the discrete jet printing method prints discretely, that is, the printing material is sprayed one by one, which may be particles, slurry, droplets or gas. fog.
  • the light source nozzle means that the nozzle is a light source structure, which can provide a specific illumination
  • the heat source nozzle means that the nozzle is a heat source structure, and can provide a heat source
  • the electrode type nozzle means that the nozzle is an electrode structure and can provide an electric field
  • the magnetic pole nozzle means a nozzle
  • the nozzle on the multi-nozzle 3D printhead can include one or more of the types of nozzles described above.
  • the discrete printing method facilitates the printing of the details of the model, which facilitates the printing of the composite material, and in some applications also facilitates the improvement of the printing speed.
  • the light source nozzle for example, provides a light source for curing the photocurable material, and the photocurable material can be cured along the printing path to achieve model printing. Heat source nozzles can also provide similar results.
  • the electrode nozzle allows the electrolyte to deposit metal along the print path for 3D printing. Magnetic pole nozzles can provide similar effects or magnetize materials along the print path.
  • the nozzle can be switched between a continuous extrusion printing mode and a discrete jet printing mode. Or some of the nozzles use continuous extrusion printing, and some nozzles use discrete jet printing. The benefits of different printing methods can be combined to extend the range and flexibility of the application.
  • the printing method can also realize color or pattern printing, and can also perform composite material printing.
  • the 3D model containing color information or pattern information is analyzed, the model is sliced or layered, a corresponding print path is generated on each layer, and the corresponding position of the print path is set according to the color information or pattern information of the model.
  • the main color unit forms a main color unit string linearly arranged along the printing path. The color or pattern of the original 3D model can be reproduced by the 3D printed model synthesized by these main color unit strings.
  • the nozzles of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head can respectively print the color materials corresponding to the main color units, and when the nozzle reaches a position of the printing path, according to the matching between the color of the main color unit of the position and the color of the nozzle printing material
  • the corresponding nozzles are printed at this location, and the arrangement of these tiny primary color materials macroscopically exhibits a set color or pattern.
  • FIG. 21-b, 21-c, and 21-d a schematic view of color or pattern printing.
  • the nozzles N1, N2, N3, and N4 respectively print four main colors in the CMYK color model, that is, C (Cyan/cyan) M (Magenta/magenta) Y (Yellow/yellow) K (Black/black).
  • C Cyan/cyan
  • M Magnetic/magenta
  • Y Yellow/yellow
  • K Black/black
  • W white / white
  • the primary color unit forms a smaller variety of primary color units.
  • each nozzle Controls each nozzle to print when it is moved to the position where the primary color needs to be printed.
  • Final color or pattern printing In the example of Fig. 21-b, four nozzles are respectively disposed on the corresponding nozzle holders, and the discrete ejection modes are printed, and four nozzles can simultaneously move along the printing path having the main color unit, and when the nozzle moves to a certain position, the main When the color printing matches the color of the nozzle of the nozzle, the discrete material is sprayed to the corresponding position, otherwise the subsequent nozzles that spray the appropriate color material, such as vacancies, are moved to this position, and then the discrete materials of the corresponding colors are ejected.
  • the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 are placed on a nozzle holder to simplify the nozzle structure. At least 2 nozzles can be in the print path at the same time.
  • the color of the main color unit matching position can be dynamically adjusted according to the position of the nozzle of the corresponding color material to the matching position on the printing path, and the corresponding nozzle is dynamically moved to the corresponding position on the printing path to discretely spray the corresponding color material.
  • the nozzle may temporarily stop printing and be moved away from the printing path, and adjust other nozzles to move to the corresponding position on the printing path to discretely eject the corresponding color of the discrete material, so that the four nozzles are set at the same nozzle On the seat, color printing can also be done.
  • the printing materials of the nozzles N1, N2, N3, and N4 can also be in a continuous form, that is, the continuous extrusion nozzle segment extrusion material is used to realize color printing, and the mechanism thereof. The same as the aforementioned discrete jet printing.
  • each main color unit is converted into a different material unit, and composite printing can also be realized. That is, some or all of the nozzles of the multi-nozzle 3D printing head respectively print different materials. When a nozzle moves to a certain position on the printing path, the nozzle is controlled according to the matching of the material unit information at the position with the material printed by the nozzle. print.
  • a light source nozzle or a heat source nozzle, or an electrode nozzle, or a magnetic pole nozzle to change the color or characteristics of the printing material, and to change or adjust the color or material of the corresponding unit in the printing path.
  • a light source nozzle or a heat source nozzle, or an electrode nozzle, or a magnetic pole nozzle to change the color or characteristics of the printing material, and to change or adjust the color or material of the corresponding unit in the printing path.
  • the number of nozzles and the color of the printed material used match the corresponding color model or texture pattern modification.
  • Multiple color systems or models can be used, such as grayscale models, two-color models (such as black and white printing) or binary models, or other color models such as HLS (hue, lightness, saturation). , RGB (red, green, basket), CIE color space model, CIELAB color space model, or other color models or systems. Or other colors such as gold, copper, silver, etc.
  • a corresponding primary color unit can be assigned to each print path using a color algorithm such as halftone or two-tone or a pattern algorithm. You can also use textures or pattern styles. It can also be other surface features such as transparency, luminescence or fluorescence.
  • the surface of the model is made of a transparent material and patterned inside the model to form a print model similar to amber. That is, the primary color unit in this embodiment can be established based on the various color systems or models described above.
  • the rotation of the printing platform C can replace the rotation of one nozzle holder of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle.
  • a nozzle holder can be fixedly connected with the nozzle holder, and the corresponding driving device can be omitted, thereby simplifying the nozzle structure and reducing the quality of the nozzle. It is also possible to omit the movement path of a nozzle holder or to directly attach a nozzle holder with a slewing rail to the nozzle holder to simplify the structure.
  • Some application embodiments such as a multi-nozzle 3D print head fixed to the robot arm, or mounted on an integrally movable rack, or a rack in which the head mount is mounted, can drive the entire multi-nozzle 3D print head to rotate together.
  • Embodiment 7 of the printing method in the printing process, before at least one nozzle does not print a printing path, transfer to another printing path for printing, the two printing paths can be in the same layer, also in different layers, and during the switching process Printing can be intermittent, or uninterrupted, as shown in Figure 23. Allows a material or color material to be quickly switched on different print paths or printed continuously. For example, in FIG. 23, the continuous extrusion material is switched to the printing path of the upper layer on the underlying printing path without interruption printing. If the continuous extrusion material is a conductive material and the discrete ejection material is an insulating material, continuous conduction can be made. The path remains continuous across different print paths.
  • a pattern or composite form can be formed.
  • the nozzles can be printed on different print paths, and the material or color of the nozzle can be quickly printed to the corresponding position on different print paths. On, it can increase the printing speed.
  • nozzles on one nozzle holder when there are more than three nozzles on one nozzle holder, or more than two nozzles on two nozzle holders, there may be redundant nozzles that cannot be accurately adjusted to On the print path.
  • these nozzles can be adjusted to the same line, extra nozzles can be used; or the print path for the model If the radius of curvature of the radius is large and the accuracy is not high, the excess nozzles used only for printing parallel lines can also be used for the printing curve.
  • the flexibility of the application can be extended by dynamically adjusting the appropriate nozzle to the print path based on the distance from the nozzle to the print path or the material or color printed by each nozzle.
  • the spacing between the print paths of adjacent nozzles refers to the normal distance between the two print paths.
  • the slice or layering of the model may be a horizontal slice, a tilted slice, or a vertical slice.
  • the printing platform can be the surface of a floor, table top, conveyor belt, tray, specially designed printing platform or other model.
  • the printing platform can also be curved, such as when the printing platform is not flat, or the surface on which the model continues to print becomes uneven after the model is printed.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head can dynamically adjust the height difference between the nozzle holders or the nozzle holders according to the distance between the nozzles and the plane of the printing platform by using a height difference adjustment mechanism between the nozzle holders or with the nozzle holders.
  • the relative motion of the multi-nozzle 3D print head and the printing platform can also be adjusted if necessary. To maintain the desired spacing of the nozzles to the corresponding print position.
  • the XY plane is parallel to the plane of the printing platform.
  • the Z axis is an axis perpendicular to the XY plane.
  • the nozzle axis of the multi-nozzle 3D printing nozzle may be perpendicular or non-perpendicular to the printing platform, and the nozzle discharging direction and the printing platform form a certain inclination angle, as shown in FIG. 22,
  • the angle ⁇ between the nozzle discharge direction and the printing platform C is not 90°.
  • the direction of rotation of the nozzle holder can be either rotated about the axis of the nozzle or it can be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the printing platform C.
  • the angle between the nozzle and the printing platform can be used in the multi-layer printing process to facilitate the nozzle to avoid the multi-layer material just printed in the adjacent position, and to prevent the already printed portion from being touched by the nozzle.
  • nozzles that are tilted relative to the printing platform also facilitate deposition of the extrudate on the printing platform or mold.
  • discrete jet printing such as discrete jetting liquids (such as binders, photocurable materials, etc.) onto powder beds (such as powder beds for metals, ceramics, gypsum, etc.), tilting nozzles allow the spray to be applied to the powder.
  • the agitated powder splash direction avoids the nozzle and reduces the adhesion of the powder or the like to the nozzle or the nozzle holder.
  • the nozzles may not be parallel, that is, some of the nozzles are inclined with the printing platform, and some of the nozzles are perpendicular or inclined to the printing platform. The same angle. In this way, the angle between the nozzle and the printing platform and the relationship between the angle of the nozzle and the movement direction of the nozzle can be adjusted according to the different characteristics of the printing materials of the nozzles. Conducive to improving the printing effect.
  • This printing method can be applied to applications where printing materials such as FDM or FFF require heating for printing, and can also be applied to applications where the printing material is printed in a cold state (ie, without heating).
  • the multi-nozzle 3D printing head and the printing method can print the following materials, but are not limited to: meltable plastic or metal-containing silk or pellets, paste or powdery substances (such as conductive silver paste, glue, solder paste, chocolate, Ice cream, metal powder or ceramic powder and plastic mixture), liquid (such as ink, electrolyte, photosensitive resin), concrete, powder, aerosol material, can also be controlled by numerical control electroforming between nozzle and platform, or controlled 3D printing by illumination or controlled heating. Multi-nozzles can print different materials at the same time, or different colors, or different sizes of printing materials.
  • rotation in the text refers to the rotational movement of the nozzle seat or the printing platform to a certain central axis.
  • it may refer to a process in which an angle formed by a line between nozzles or an angle formed between an origin of the head holder is changed, or a relative rotational movement of the line and the printing platform.
  • the multi-nozzle 3D print head in the present printing method may employ a combination of one or more of the aforementioned multi-nozzle 3D print head structure or seven multi-nozzle 3D print head embodiments.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-nozzle 3D printing system.
  • the printing system includes a frame F, a printing platform C and a printing head, and the printing head is disposed on the frame F, and the printing head includes a machine.
  • the nozzle holder A on the frame F and the nozzle holder B mounted on the nozzle holder A move relative to the printing platform.
  • the printing nozzle is provided with at least two nozzles N, and the printing nozzle performs relative operation with the printing platform C during printing (ie, movement in three directions of X, Y, Z), and the relative rotation of the nozzle holder or the nozzle holder and the printing platform.
  • the distance between the nozzles in the tangential direction of the printing path and in the plane perpendicular to the direction is dynamically controlled, so that each nozzle N moves along the set printing path to realize three-dimensional printing.
  • the printing system may add other components or functions according to actual application requirements, such as a heating device, a heat sink, a feeding mechanism or other devices such as an electronic control.
  • the print head of the present multi-nozzle 3D printing system may employ a combination of one or more of the aforementioned multi-nozzle 3D print head structure or seven multi-nozzle 3D print head embodiments.
  • the present multi-nozzle 3D printing system can be printed using the aforementioned printing method or a combination of one or more of the seven printing method embodiments.

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Abstract

一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头及打印方法及3D打印***,该方法采用打印喷头和打印平台(C)进行打印,所述打印喷头上设有多个喷嘴,该打印喷头包括喷头座(A)和喷嘴座(B),打印喷头在打印平台(C)上进行3D打印,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台(C)进行x,y,z三个方向相对运动的同时,通过所述喷嘴座(B)或喷头座(A)分别相对打印平台(C)的相对转动,使至少两个所述喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。采用该方法进行打印,可以有效的提高打印速度,提升多喷嘴快速跟随各种曲率和不同间距打印路径的灵活性,能够满足实际应用中的多种需求。

Description

多喷嘴3D打印喷头及打印方法及3D打印*** 技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印机的技术领域,尤其涉及一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头及打印方法及采用所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头或所述打印方法的3D打印***。
背景技术
现有的FDM(“Fused Deposition Modeling”的简称)3D打印机是通过喷头与平台之间的x,y,z,三个线性不相关的相对运动(即三个相互独立的运动方向),使得喷头可以到达平台上方一定区域内的任意位置。将模型分成若干层,喷嘴延每层的打印路径挤出料到平台上,完成一层的打印后在下一层上继续打印,逐层堆叠形成三维实体。
喷头与平台之间的相对运动有多种实现方式,如采用类似CNC机床的直接实现喷头与打印平台进行X,Y,Z相对运动的各种结构,CO-X-Y方式,Delta式并联机械臂式,单或双极坐标式结构,机械手臂式,六轴联动式等。
基于一个喷嘴的FDM方式打印***要想提升打印速度,通过提升喷头相对平台的移动速度,及提高料的进料速度来达到。但这种速度的提升空间很有限,例如驱动电机的功率,机架和导向机构,传动皮带,结构刚度等的限制。由于打印过程中需要不断快速变换移动方向和速度,此过程会产生很大的加速度,让机架抖动,影响打印精度。这些方面限制了打印速度的进一步提升。
有些多喷嘴的3D打印机的只是为了让不同材质或颜色的料在不停机的情况下切换进行交替打印,不能提升打印速度。如通过多个喷头的方式进行多喷嘴打印,多个喷头之间运动的干涉限制,使得对打印速度的提升效果大为折扣。且多喷头使得打印机的结构复杂,可靠性降低,成本上升。
本发明中所述的FDM方式不仅限于需要熔融过程的打印方法,而是泛指喷嘴延设定的打印路径移动的打印过程。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头及打印方法及3D打印***,能够有效提高打印速度。
本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头,所述打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,包括:
喷头座;
喷嘴座,其活动设置于所述喷头座上,且至少一个所述喷嘴设置在所述喷嘴座上;
驱动装置,用于驱动所述喷嘴座进行运动,并带动所述喷嘴座上设置的所述喷嘴沿设定的打印路径运动。
本技术方案中,通过喷嘴座与喷头座的活动连接,以及至少一个设置在喷嘴座上的喷嘴。进而在驱动装置的驱动下,实现喷嘴座的运动,目的是通过喷嘴座的运动带动喷嘴座上的喷嘴沿设定的打印路径运动,从而实现三维打印。不仅能够通过两个或更多个喷嘴同时进行打印,有效提高打印速度,更优的是在打印不同模型时,可以对打印的料轨迹间距根据不同情况需要做调整改变,满足实际应用中的多种需求。
由于该多喷嘴3D打印喷头可以实现不同喷嘴对应打印不同打印路径,相应的可以同时打印不同层的打印路径,既可以用于打印同层上的同一或不同打印路径,也可以用于打印不同层上的打印路径,或者同时具备两种情况。在同层内打印路径以及不同层打印路径两个维度上提高了打印速度。
优选的,所述喷嘴座的数量为一个,且所述喷嘴座上设有至少一个喷嘴;所述喷嘴座与所述驱动装置连接,并被所述驱动装置驱动进行运动。
优选的,所述驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上并与所述喷嘴座连接,用于驱动所述喷嘴座绕与所述喷嘴的中心线相平行的轴线转动。
优选的,所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头包括至少两个喷嘴座,所述驱动装置与所述喷嘴座数量相同,每个所述驱动装置驱动一个喷嘴座运动。转动指喷嘴之间的连线形成的夹角或与喷头座的之间形成的夹角发生变化的 过程,而不仅仅是指喷嘴座或打印平台延某个中心轴线的旋转运动。
本技术方案,每一个喷嘴座由一个驱动装置驱动转动,也即没增加一个喷嘴座***即增加一个自由度,则设置在喷嘴座上的某一喷嘴可以通过喷头座及喷嘴座的运动调整至相应的打印路径上。
优选的,所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头包括套筒式结构的所述喷嘴座,若干所述喷嘴座由内向外依次套装设置,并且至少有一个所述喷嘴座设置在所述喷头座上,
每个所述驱动装置驱动与其对应的喷嘴座运动,使其可与其他喷嘴座或所述喷头座发生相对转动;每个所述喷嘴座上至少包括一个喷嘴。
本技术方案,将喷嘴座设置为套筒状结构,同时将三个喷嘴座从内至外依次连接,且相互之间通过滑动套设的连接方式进行连接,不仅简化安装程序,更优是可以使其结构紧凑,简化整个打印喷头的结构。需要说明的一点是,并非所有喷嘴座均为套筒式结构,套装结构最内侧的喷嘴座是否为套筒式结构均可。
优选的,所述喷嘴座沿同一中心轴线套装设置;对应的所述驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上。
本技术方案,将各喷嘴座连接的驱动装置设置在喷头座上,各驱动装置可以实现对各自连接的喷嘴座进行独立控制,从而使得不同喷嘴与中心轴线的连线之间形成夹角,对其夹角的角度可做调整,进而满足各喷嘴均能处于打印路径上,有效地提高喷嘴的利用率。
优选的,最外侧的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上,其余的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在其外侧与该喷嘴座相邻的另一喷嘴座上,任一所述驱动装置带动与之对应的所述喷嘴座以及其内侧的喷嘴座转动。
优选的,最内侧的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上,其余的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在其内侧与该喷嘴座相邻的另一喷嘴座上,任一所述驱动装置带动与之对应的所述喷嘴座以及其外侧的喷嘴座转动。
本技术方案,最外侧的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上,其余的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在其外侧与该喷嘴座相邻的另一喷嘴 座上,任一所述驱动装置带动与之对应的所述喷嘴座以及其内侧的喷嘴座转动。
每一喷嘴座的运动由其外侧或内侧的驱动装置的驱动动作耦合决定,有效的提高了喷嘴的利用率,降低了驱动装置的能量损耗,简化了控制方式。
优选的,所述喷嘴座包括至少一个旋转喷嘴座和若干平移喷嘴座,所述驱动装置包括至少一个旋转驱动装置和若干平移驱动装置,所述平移驱动装置驱动相应的平移喷嘴座移动;
至少一个所述旋转喷嘴座活动装设在所述喷头座上,若干所述平移喷嘴座活动装设在所述旋转喷嘴座上;
所述旋转驱动装置驱动所述旋转喷嘴座旋转,进而带动旋转喷嘴座上的若干所述平移喷嘴座运动;每个所述平移驱动装置驱动与其对应的所述平移喷嘴座相对所述旋转喷嘴座做直线运动;
每个所述平移喷嘴座上设有至少一个喷嘴。
本技术方案,除了与喷头座直接相连的喷嘴座的运行形式为转动以外,其余喷嘴座的运动形式均为直线运动。其目的在于通过转动配合直线运动将位于其上的喷嘴调整至与之对应的打印路径上。有效的提高喷嘴的利用率。
优选的,所述喷嘴座包括至少一个双孔喷嘴座以及至少两个一般喷嘴座;其中,所述一般喷嘴座上设置有一个圆柱孔和/或至少一个喷嘴;所述双孔喷嘴座上包括两个圆柱孔,所述圆柱孔用以装设喷嘴座;
所述驱动装置带动所述双孔喷嘴座,进而带动装设在该双孔喷嘴座上的喷嘴座运动;并且所述驱动装置带动所述一般喷嘴座绕其自身中心轴线转动。
本技术方案,双孔喷嘴座上不直接设置喷嘴,而是设置喷嘴座,在该喷嘴座所占据的空间内至少增加了两个旋转自由度。对比其通过层层套设的结构每增加一个单套筒状的喷嘴座只能增设1个可以独立动作的喷嘴,且空间逐步变大。本技术方案的占据空间可以控制的较小,利用率也较高, 有利于降低多喷嘴3D打印喷头的尺寸和结构复杂性。同样是相比层层套设的结构。由于本技术方案中喷嘴是设置一般喷嘴座上的,喷嘴之间在水平面投影的间距可以不受更多的限制,可以设计的比较近,有利于节省空间和精细控制;同时也可以设计的较为均匀,简化设计,简化控制,简化制造,提升打印效果。
具体的,所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为一个,所述一般喷嘴座的个数为两个;两个所述一般喷嘴座分别装设在所述双孔喷嘴座的一个圆柱孔内;每个所述一般喷嘴座上设有至少两个喷嘴。
具体的,所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为至少两个,全部所述双孔喷嘴座通过圆柱孔由外向内依次套装设置,位于最内侧的所述双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔中分别设有一般喷嘴座;其余双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔中一个设有一般喷嘴座,另一个套设有双孔喷嘴座;每个所述一般喷嘴座上设有至少两个喷嘴。
具体的,所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为一个;若干个所述一般喷嘴座由外向内依次套设形成一般喷嘴座组;其中,两个所述一般喷嘴座组分别装设在所述双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔内;或;一个所述一般喷嘴座组装设在所述双孔喷嘴座的一个圆柱孔,一个一般喷嘴座装设在另一圆柱孔。
优选的,所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为至少两个;所述双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔上分别装设一个一般喷嘴座;每两个双孔喷嘴座之间通过一般喷嘴座可转动连接,该一般喷嘴座穿设两个双孔喷嘴座各一个圆柱孔。
将一般喷嘴座同时插设在至少两个双孔喷嘴座上作为旋转轴,使得两个双孔喷嘴座可转动连接。当双孔喷嘴座按次序依次衔接,也即一般喷嘴座都是作为两个双孔喷嘴座旋转轴时,可以形成线型的链条式结构。若一般喷嘴座作为三个双孔喷嘴座旋转轴时,原有的链条式结构就可以扩展为网式结构。
优选的,至少两个所述双孔喷嘴座依次衔接通过一般喷嘴座连接,形成链条式结构,所述链条式结构中相邻所述双孔喷嘴座的一般喷嘴座为主连接轴,其中:
另有至少一个所述双孔喷嘴座可转动连接至主连接轴;
和/或;
另有若干所述双孔喷嘴座形成另一所述链条式结构可转动连接至所述主连接轴。
本技术方案,在链条式结构的基础上,在其主连接轴上进一步连接上双孔喷嘴座,则其结构从链条式结构转变为网式结构。在多个方向上得以扩展喷嘴的数量。
优选的,所述喷嘴座包括安装板和凸起部;其中,所述凸起部固设于所述安装板,喷嘴穿设于所述凸起部中,所述凸起部的横截面积小于所述安装板的横截面积;不同喷嘴座的安装板可转动连接。
本技术方案,喷嘴座由横截面积不同的安装板和凸起部构成,也即安装板上除了安装凸起部以外还有其他的空间,则另一安装板可以***该安装板的正下方通过常用的可旋转机构与其可转动连接,既可以将凸起部作为旋转轴,也可以通过安装板上未装设凸起部的空间设计的旋转结构连接。相比一般的套装结构,这种扩展喷嘴座的方式极为节省空间。此外,喷嘴之间在水平面投影的间距可以不受更多的限制,容易设计的间距较为均匀。
进一步的,至少两个所述喷嘴座的安装板依次衔接可转动连接,形成链条式结构,所述链条式结构中相邻所述喷嘴座的旋转连接处为主连接轴,其中:
另有至少一个所述喷嘴座可转动连接至主连接轴;
和/或;
另有若干所述喷嘴座形成另一所述链条式结构可转动连接至所述主连接轴。
本技术方案,在链条式结构的基础上,在其主连接轴上进一步连接上喷嘴座,则其结构从链条式结构转变为网式结构。在多个方向上得以扩展喷嘴的数量。
优选的,至少两个所述喷嘴座依次衔接通过旋转轴可转动连接,形成链条式结构,所述链条式结构中相邻所述喷嘴座的旋转轴设置处为主连接轴,其中:
另有至少一个所述喷嘴座可转动连接至主连接轴;
和/或;
另有若干所述喷嘴座形成另一所述链条式结构可转动连接至所述主连接轴。
本技术方案,在链条式结构的基础上,在其主连接轴上进一步连接上喷嘴座,则其结构便从链条式结构转变为网式结构。得以在多个方向上得以扩展喷嘴的数量。
进一步的,多喷嘴3D打印喷头还包括高度调整结构,并且所述喷嘴座可滑移的设置在所述喷头座或其他喷嘴座上;
所述高度调整机构可带动所述喷嘴座滑移,以调整喷嘴座上所述喷嘴的高度。
高度调整结构可以通过改变喷嘴座的高度以调整喷嘴的高度,实现喷嘴之间高度差的变化,适用于分别打印不同层上的打印路径时,可以调整使得每一个喷嘴都相对于其打印层的最佳距离处。当同时打印不同层打印路径时,打印不同层的喷嘴距离其打印层的距离相等,可以使得打印材料落到打印层的时间相同,更加便于控制。
进一步的,所述喷嘴设置在相同高度上或至少设置在两个高度上。
适用于分别打印不同层上的打印路径时,使得每一个喷嘴都相对于其打印层的最佳距离处。相比于高度调整机构而言,直接将喷嘴固定设计在相应高度上可以降低结构的复杂度。
进一步的,所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头包括:
至少一个连续挤出式喷嘴;
和/或;
至少一个离散喷射式喷嘴;
和/或;
至少一个光源式喷嘴;
和/或;
至少一个热源式喷嘴;
和/或;
至少一个电极式喷嘴;
和/或;
至少一个磁极式喷嘴。
采用离散喷射料打印,比连续挤出料方式的FDM打印更加精确,更易实现模型细节。利于提升打印模型的表面平滑性和结构强度。例如,由于挤出丝料的拖带作用,使得丝料在模型的尖角部位不容易精确打印。
采用连续挤出式材料打印,多喷嘴各挤出料的时间差很短,挤出的料可以接近同时凝固,使得料与料之间的结合效果更好,有利于提高被打印物体的强度和精度。本发明的打印方法和喷头结构还可以使用需要加热或不需要加热的多种不同打印材质,具有宽广的应用适应性。
光源式喷嘴意即喷嘴为光源结构,可以提供特定的光照、热源式喷嘴意即喷嘴为热源结构,可以提供热源;电极式喷嘴意即喷嘴为电极结构,可以提供电场;磁极式喷嘴意即喷嘴为磁极结构,可以提供磁场。
进一步的,多喷嘴3D打印喷头还包括了一个用于检测所述喷嘴座转角零点或转角位置的传感器。
通过在该打印喷头上设置的传感器,实现对喷嘴座转角零点或转角位置的检测,来控制喷嘴座的转动角度,使得喷嘴座上的相应喷嘴动态跟随打印路径,确保多喷嘴打印有效进行。
具体的,所述传感器为光电传感器、霍尔传感器、旋转变压器、行程开关和触动开关中的一种或几种。
具体的,所述驱动装置为斜齿轮、锥齿轮、直齿轮、涡轮蜗杆、皮带、空心轴电机或液压马达中的一种或几种。
具体的,所述喷嘴为设有料孔结构的喷嘴、没有料孔结构的喷嘴中的一种,且所述喷嘴材料为金属、电气绝缘材料、不可溶电极材料、非金属导电材料的一种或几种材料的复合。
优选的,所述喷嘴为设有料孔结构的喷嘴,该喷嘴包括输料通道,以及设置在所述输料通道两端的入料口和喷料口;
所述输料通道为倾斜通道,所述倾斜通道为自所述入料口至喷料口方向倾斜,且各所述倾斜通道的各所述喷料口之间的距离小于各所述入料口之间的距离。
所述输料通道为倾斜通道,所述倾斜通道为自所述入料口至喷料口方向倾斜,且所述喷料口的口径小于所述入料口的口径;且各所述倾斜通道的各所述喷料口之间的距离小于各所述入料口之间的距离。
将喷嘴的输料管道设置成倾斜通道,相比于直型(同轴设置)的情况,可以减小相邻喷嘴上设置的喷料口之间的距离,这样不仅有利于打印曲率半径更小的打印轨迹,还可减少喷嘴座转动的角度,提升多喷嘴快速跟随各种曲率打印路径的速度,降低喷嘴座驱动装置或打印平台转动的驱动装置的负荷,且能够满足实际应用中的多种需求。
本发明还公开一种打印方法,采用打印喷头和打印平台进行打印,所述打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,该打印喷头包括喷头座和喷嘴座,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台相对运动,包括以下步骤:
a)、对待打印物体的三维数据进行分析,在待打印物体的每一层上生成至少两条打印路径;
b)、利用所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上对所述待打印物体的每一层上生成的打印路径进行打印,使至少两个喷嘴分别沿相对应的所述打印路径进行运动。
本技术方案中,通过喷嘴座与喷头座的活动连接,以及至少一个设置在喷嘴座上的喷嘴。进而在驱动装置的驱动下,实现喷嘴座的运动,目的是通过喷嘴座的运动带动喷嘴座上的喷嘴沿设定的打印路径运动,从而通过喷嘴实现三维打印。不仅能够通过两个或更多个喷嘴同时进行打印,有效提高打印速度,更优的是在打印不同模型时,可以对打印的料轨迹间距根据不同情况需要做调整改变,满足实际应用中的多种需求。
由于该多喷嘴3D打印喷头可以实现不同喷嘴对应打印不同打印路径,相应的可以同时打印不同层的打印路径,既可以用于打印同层上的同一或不同打印路径,也可以用于打印不同层上的打印路径,或者同时具备 两种情况。在同层内打印路径以及不同层打印路径两个维度上提高了打印速度。
本发明还公开一种打印方法,采用打印喷头和打印平台进行打印,所述打印喷头上设有多个喷嘴,该打印喷头包括喷头座和喷嘴座。
采用所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上进行3D打印,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台进行x,y,z三个方向相对运动的同时,通过所述喷嘴座或喷头座分别相对打印平台的转动,使至少两个所述喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
优选的,所述打印喷头为前述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头。
优选的,所述打印平台可转动,所述打印平台与所述打印喷头相对运动,使得至少两个所述喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
本技术方案,打印平台可以代替一个喷嘴座的转动。
优选的,至少两个所述喷嘴同时分别沿至少两层上的打印路径进行运动。既可以完成同时进行的不同层打印。
优选的,所述喷嘴输出打印料的方向与所述打印平台表面不垂直。
优选的,至少一个喷嘴未打印完一条打印路径之前,转移至另一条打印路径进行打印。
优选的,对具有彩色或图案信息的待打印物体的三维数据进行分析,将打印路径分割为若干单元,在每个单元上分配相应的主色,形成主色单元;若干个喷嘴分别打印相应的主色材料;在所述喷嘴到达打印路径一位置时,根据该位置的主色单元颜色信息控制打印相应主色材料的喷嘴在该位置打印。
可以采用立体或空间曲面上半色调的方式实现全彩打印,且对于色彩的细节表现较好,适用于连续挤出式和离散喷射式的打印类型,尤其适用于离散喷射式的打印类型。
优选的,使喷嘴至少喷射两种尺寸的打印料;控制所述喷射大尺寸打印料的喷嘴打印待打印物体的任一层,控制所述喷射较小尺寸打印料的喷嘴对应待打印物体两层之间进行打印。
大尺寸打印料用于待打印物体的某一层,而小尺寸打印料用于打印在大尺寸打印料打印的层间,通过增加层与层之间料的接触面积或打印提升层与层之间粘结性的材料来提升模型的强度和密封性能。控制小尺寸打印料的尺寸,还可以填充到层与层之间的凹纹理中,降低表面纹理的凹凸程度,提升模型表面平滑性。
优选的,所述喷头座和所述喷嘴座固连。
本发明还公开一种多喷嘴3D打印***,包括:机架、打印平台和打印喷头,所述打印喷头设置在所述机架上,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台相对于x,y,z三个方向相对运动;
所述打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,所述打印喷头还相对于所述打印平台转动设置,使至少两个喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
优选的,所述打印平台设置在所述机架上。
优选的,所述打印喷头为前述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头。
优选的,所述多喷嘴3D打印***为应用前述的打印方法进行打印的打印***。
通过本发明提供的一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头及打印方法及3D打印***,能够带来以下至少一种有益效果:
1、通过喷头座以及喷嘴座相对喷头座的动作,实现打印喷头装置上的喷嘴匹配对应到至少两条打印路径上,可有效提升打印速度。让处于相同高度或不同高度的喷嘴对应不同层的相应打印路径运动,可实现不同层上多条打印路径的同时打印,在竖直方向上进一步成倍的提升了打印速度。同时,还可以同时打印同一层上的不同打印路径,这与前述的同时打印不同层上的不同打印路径相配合,实现了竖直方向和水平方向两个维度下的打印速度提升。
2、喷嘴座活动设置在喷头座上可与喷头座发生相对运动,比如旋转或直线运动,使得其上的喷嘴与喷头座的相对位置可在XY水平面上可调整,最终实使得喷嘴沿打印路径切线方向且在与此方向相垂直平面内投影之间的距离在小于某个值的范围内实现任意可调(即各喷嘴沿相对应的打印路径进行运动)。并且可以控制喷嘴座沿喷头座做直线运动进而改变喷嘴之间的高 度差。得以适应不同工况下的打印需求,也即打印路径之间的不同间距、3D打印二维截面的不同层高等。
3、多层同时打印,由于多个喷嘴是设置在一个喷头上,对于FDM多喷嘴3D打印机,多喷嘴各挤出料的时间差很短,挤出的料可以接近同时凝固,使得料与料之间的结合效果更好,有利于提高被打印物体的强度和精度。本发明的打印方法和喷头结构还可以使用需要加热或不需要加热的多种不同打印材质,具有宽广的应用适应性。
4、通过分数维打印方式,例如,小尺寸材料打印到大尺寸打印料之间,通过增加层与层之间料的接触面积或在分数层上打印提升层与层之间粘结性的材料来提升模型的强度和密封性能。对于模型表面的分数层打印料,控制合适的料直径,可以填充到层与层之间的凹纹理中,降低表面纹理的凹凸程度,提升模型表面平滑性。
5、采用离散喷射料打印,比连续挤出料方式的FDM打印更加精确,更易实现模型细节。利于提升打印模型的表面平滑性和结构强度。例如,由于挤出丝料的拖带作用,使得丝料在模型的尖角部位不容易精确打印。
6、采用离散喷射料打印,容易实现全彩打印。例如通过组合打印CMYK的色料滴,可以采用立体或空间曲面上半色调的方式实现全彩打印,且对于色彩的细节表现较好。采用组合CMYK的分段连续挤出料的方式也可以实现彩色打印。
7、采用离散喷射料打印,相比“喷墨式”三维打印,用很少的喷嘴就可以实现打印精度相当或更佳的打印效果。“喷墨式”三维打印虽然喷嘴数量众多,但利用率不高,只有在模型上方的喷嘴才会工作,其他的喷嘴都处于闲置状态。而本方法的多喷嘴离散喷射料打印方法,喷嘴数量相对较少,但利用率高,几乎100%或大部分的喷嘴都同时处于喷射状态。
8、本打印方法具有广泛的应用,如应用于生物医药,医疗技术、食品技术,建筑技术,具有某种特性的复合材料或特殊功能的复合材料开发。将喷嘴设为电极或喷射电解液,则可用于数控电铸技术。将喷嘴设为光照源和光敏液体的喷射,可用于光敏树脂成型。
9、本发明的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,将三个套筒状结构的喷嘴座沿同一中心轴线进行同心套设或偏心套设或在一个喷嘴座上同时设置两个喷嘴座等连接方式,使整个打印喷头的结构紧凑。
10、链条式结构喷头结构利于在喷头上扩展更多的喷嘴。如果采用层层嵌套的的方式,每层环形套上一般仅仅设置1(或2个)喷嘴,喷嘴数量多时,外层环直径变大,利用率较低,整体结构尺寸大,且结构复杂。“链式”结构,增加新的喷嘴时,只要重复的增加一个“链关节”,且一个“关节”上可以至少增加2个喷嘴。利于降低多喷嘴喷头的尺寸和结构复杂性。链式喷头结构还可以实现网式喷头结构。可在2个维度方向上扩展喷嘴的数量。
附图说明
下面将以明确易懂的方式,结合附图说明优选实施方式,对一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头及打印方法及3D打印***的上述特性、技术特征、优点及其实现方式予以进一步说明,其中,图1到图16的各结构示意图中有些喷头作了剖切处理,以便更清楚的表现内部结构。
图1是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例一的剖视图;
图2是图1中多喷嘴3D打印喷头的另一种结构示意图;
图3是图1中喷嘴多喷嘴3D打印喷头的第三种结构示意图;
图4是图3中喷嘴座的仰视图;
图5是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例二的剖视图;
图6是图5的***图;
图7是图5中驱动装置的另一种布置结构图;
图8是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例三的局部剖切结构示意图;
图9是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例四的局部剖切结构示意图;
图10-a是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例五的立体结构示意图;
图10-b是图10-a中多喷嘴3D打印喷头的剖面图;
图11是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例五的另一种结构示意图;
图12-a是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例六的立体结构示意图;
图12-b是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例六的另一种结构示意图。
图13本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例六的第三种结构示意图。
图14-a是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头中喷嘴座部分的局部剖切结构示意图;
图14-b是图14-a的剖面视图;
图15-a是一种高度调整机构的结构示意图。
图15-b是另一种高度调整机构的结构示意图。
图16-a是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头中驱动装置为锥齿轮副的结构示意图;
图16-b是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头中驱动装置为电机转子与喷嘴座直连驱动的结构示意图;
图16-c是本发明多喷嘴3D打印喷头中驱动装置为同步带传动的结构示意图;
图17-a是本发明打印方法一般情况下的示意图。
图17-b是本发明打印方法实施例一中打印路径为一组平行线时,喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台形成的相对转角与打印路径间距的关系示意图;
图17-c是本发明打印方法实施例一打印路径为一组平行线时的另一种情况,喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台形成的相对转角与打印路径间距的关系示意图;
图17-d是本发明打印方法实施例一中打印路径为一组同心圆环时,喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台形成的相对转角与打印路径间距的关系示意图;
图17-e是本发明打印方法实施例一打印路径为一组同心圆环时的另一种情况,喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台形成的相对转角与打印路径间距的关系示意图;
[根据细则91更正 07.07.2017] 
图18是本发明打印方法实施例二中喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台形成的相对转角分别与各打印路径间距的关系示意图;
图19是本发明打印方法实施例二另一种情况时,喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台形成的相对转角分别与各打印路径间距的关系示意图;
图20-a是本发明打印方法实施例二,连续挤出式多喷嘴同时堆叠打印多层打印路径示意图;
图20-b是应用本发明打印方法实施例三时,形成的打印层间结构的截面示意图。
图21-a是离散喷射式多喷嘴同时堆叠打印多层打印路径的示意图。
图21-b是另一种离散喷射式打印方法和彩色打印方法的示意图。
图21-c是与图21-b应用不同的结构实现离散喷射式打印和彩色打印的示意图。
图21-d是连续挤出式打印方法和另一种彩色打印方法的示意图。
图22是喷嘴的中心线与打印平台呈β角时的打印方法示意图。
图23是多喷嘴3D打印***的立体结构示意图。
图24是图17-a~19中符号注解表;
附图标号说明:
A-喷头座;
B-喷嘴座;B1-第一喷嘴座;B2-第二喷嘴座;B3-第三喷嘴座;
B01-第一双孔喷嘴座;B02-第二双孔喷嘴座;B03-第三双孔喷嘴座;B04-第四双孔喷嘴座;B04-第五双孔喷嘴座;B01'-第一一般喷嘴座;B02'-第二一般喷嘴座;B03'-第三一般喷嘴座;
C-打印平台;
D-驱动装置;D1-第一驱动装置;D2-第二驱动装置;D3-第三驱动装置;
F-机架;
NA-设置在喷头座上(即与喷头座固连)的喷嘴;N01、N02、N03、N04-喷嘴;
N1、N1'-第一喷嘴;N2、N2'-第二喷嘴;N3、N3'-第三喷嘴;N4、N4'-第四喷嘴;
11-轴承;
21-输料通道;22-入料口;23-喷料口;
30-传感器;31-第一传感器;32-第二传感器;33-第三传感器;
41-丝杆;42-丝母;43-定位槽,44-定位杆;
51-安装板;52-凸起部;
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图,并获得其他的实施方式,这些实施方式都应被包含于本发明的专利保护范围内。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例一,参看图1所示,多喷嘴3D打印喷头的立体剖视图,本实施例具体提供了一种打印喷头,包括喷头座A,喷嘴座B,驱动装置D。其中,打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,喷嘴座B活动设置在喷头座A上,且至少一个喷嘴N设置在喷嘴座B上。见图1所示,在喷嘴座B上设置两个喷嘴N01、N02;见图2所示,在喷嘴座B上设置两个喷嘴N01、N02,喷头座A上设置一个喷嘴NA。使用时驱动装置D驱动喷嘴座B进行运动,打印喷头带动两个喷嘴N01、N02沿设定在喷头上的轨道运动。应说明的是,在图1中喷嘴座B是滑动套设在喷头座A的内侧,且优选的让两个喷嘴N的连线的中点与喷嘴座B的中心轴线重合;在图2中喷嘴座B是滑动套设在喷头座A的外侧,且优选地将设置在喷头座上的喷嘴NA与喷嘴座B的中心轴线重合。
当然在其他实施例中,多个喷嘴N可以至少一个设置在喷嘴座B上,一个或多个设置在喷头座A上。见图3、4所示,优选地,在喷嘴座B上设置四个喷嘴N01、N02、N03、N04,其中,中间的两个喷嘴N02、N03连线的中点与喷嘴座B的中心轴线重合。这样在喷嘴座B的转动下可以带动喷嘴N01、N02、N03、N04相对喷头座A运动,每个喷嘴N01、N02、N03、N04都形成一个轨道,该轨道由喷嘴座B在喷头座A内确定的运动轨道形成,应说明的是,喷头 座运动与喷嘴座运动复合运动结果下的运动路线,正常情况下应该是喷嘴的打印路径。而喷嘴座B在喷头座A内确定的运动轨道为喷嘴座的轨道,本申请中喷嘴座的轨道是固定在喷头座A上的不同半径的圆。
进一步应说明的是,喷嘴N的设置数量以及排列方式均根据实际需要做合理的调整。优选的喷嘴排列方式为喷嘴共线排列。后面实施例中,优选的喷嘴排列方式为通过喷嘴座的转动可以实现喷嘴共线的喷嘴排列方式。
此外,由于多喷嘴3D打印喷头每增加一个活动设置的喷嘴座都意味着增设一个自由度,也即该增设的喷嘴座上设置的一个喷嘴可以通过被喷嘴座带动至一打印路径上。而相比多喷嘴3D打印喷头的***自由度进一步的增加喷嘴个数,其意义在于可以选择其中多个喷嘴中的某一个到相应打印路径上,比如可以选择就近的一个喷嘴,可以减少驱动装置的动力损耗,或可以选择打印某种材料的喷嘴,或可以选择打印某种颜色的喷嘴,来提升应用的灵活性。示例性的,喷嘴座上可以以矩形或圆形阵列排布多个喷嘴。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例二,本实施例二与实施例一的结构和工作原理基本相同,参看图5所示,区别仅在于:喷嘴座包括了第一喷嘴座B1、第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3,且在第一喷嘴座B1上设置了至少一个第一喷嘴N1,第二喷嘴座B2上设置至少一个第二喷嘴N2,第三喷嘴座B3上设置至少一个第三喷嘴N3。同时驱动装置D包括了第一驱动装置D1、第二驱动装置D2,以及第三驱动装置D3。其中,第一喷嘴座B1与第一驱动装置D1连接,并被第一驱动装置D1驱动进行运动;第二喷嘴座B2与第二驱动装置D2连接,并被第二驱动装置D2驱动进行运动;第三喷嘴座B3与第三驱动装置D3连接,并被第三驱动装置D3驱动进行运动。
实际运用时,通过各驱动装置分别驱动各自连接的喷嘴座进行运动,进而实现对各喷嘴相对喷头座位置的调整。需说明的是,驱动装置的设置方式有多种,图5、6中驱动装置的驱动齿轮轴为平行关系,而图7中给出了驱动装置的另一种布置方式,将相邻驱动装置的驱动齿轮轴设置为垂直关系,这样更加有利于在喷嘴座轴向方向上减小驱动装置的间距。
示例性的,在多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例二中,设置的第一喷嘴座B1、 第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3均为套筒状结构;参看图6、7所示,由内之外依次为第一喷嘴座B1、第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3。具体安装时可用将喷头座A与第三喷嘴座B3滑动套设连接,将第二喷嘴座B2与第三喷嘴座B3滑动套设连接,进而第一喷嘴座B1与第二喷嘴座B2滑动套设连接。
应说明的是,在其他多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中,第三喷嘴座B3可以滑动套设在喷头座A外侧,而第二喷嘴座B2和第一喷嘴座B1再依次套设均可,具体套设顺序不作限定。同时第三喷嘴座B3也可以通过轴承11与喷头座A连接,见图1、3所示,当然也可以采用其他方式进行连接,不再一一赘述。
示例性的,将第一喷嘴座B1、第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3沿同一中心轴线同心套设。参看图5、6、7所示,具体的将第一驱动装置D1设置在喷头座A上并与第一喷嘴座B1连接,这样可以驱动第一喷嘴座B1绕中心轴线进行转动,从而使得第一喷嘴座B1上设置的两个第一喷嘴N1、N1'绕中心轴线转动;同时将第二驱动装置D2也设置在喷头座A上并与第二喷嘴座B2连接,可以通过第二驱动装置D2驱动第二喷嘴座B2绕中心轴线转动,从而使得第二喷嘴N2或N2'和中心轴线的连线与第一喷嘴N1或N1'和中心轴线的连线之间的夹角可变化;进而将第三驱动装置D3也设置在喷头座A上并与第三喷嘴座B3连接,这样可以通过第三驱动装置D3驱动第三喷嘴座B3相对喷头座A绕中心轴线转动,从而使得第三喷嘴N3或N3'和中心轴线的连线与第二喷嘴N2或N2'和中心轴线的连线之间的夹角可变化。
应说明的是,第一喷嘴座B1、第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3在其他多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中当然也可以是偏心套设,具体的连接方式也可以根际实际需求做合理的设计。本申请中均以同心为例,其余连接方式不再一一举例说明。
在多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例二中,通过不同的各驱动装置驱动各自连接的喷嘴座沿各自的轨道运动,从而实现对各喷嘴座上设置的各喷嘴沿打印路径切线方向且在与此方向相垂直平面内投影之间的距离(即在小于某 个值的范围内)进行调整,满足各喷嘴沿各自对应的打印路径进行打印,有效地提高打印速度。
本实施中各喷嘴座的轨道为固定在喷头座A上的半径不同的圆。当然喷嘴座的轨道是可以固定在喷头座A上,也可以固定在其中一个喷嘴座B上,喷嘴座的轨道既可以是一根曲线,也可以是一个点。不再一一赘述。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例三,本实施例三与实施例二的结构和工作原理基本相同,将第一喷嘴座B1、第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3沿同一中心轴线同心套设。参看图8所示,区别仅在于:第三驱动装置D3设置在喷头座A上,第二驱动装置D2固定在第三喷嘴座B3上,第一驱动装置D1固定在第二喷嘴座B2上。这样可以通过第三驱动装置D3驱动第三喷嘴座B3相对喷头座A进行转动,同时通过与第三喷嘴座B3连接的第二驱动装置D2带动第二喷嘴座B2进行转动,以及与第二喷嘴座B2连接的第一驱动装置D1带动第一喷嘴座B1进行转动,进而实现单向联动功能(即第三驱动装置D3驱动时,通过第二驱动装置D2和第一驱动装置D1带动第二喷嘴座B2和第一喷嘴座B1同时转动,第二驱动装置D2驱动时,通过第一驱动装置D1带动第一喷嘴座B1同时转动),可以有效地减小第二驱动装置D2和第一驱动装置D1需要驱动的转角。
当然在实现整体单向联动控制后还可以进一步的再通过第二驱动装置D2驱动第二喷嘴座B2绕中心轴线转动,并通过设置在第二喷嘴座B2上的第一驱动装置D1带动第一喷嘴座B1同时转动,从而使得第二喷嘴N2或N2'和中心轴线的连线与第三喷嘴N3或N3'和中心轴线的连线之间的夹角可变化;同时还可以通过第一驱动装置D1驱动第一喷嘴座B1绕中心轴线转动,从而使得第二喷嘴N2或N2'和中心轴线的连线与第一喷嘴N1或N1'和中心轴线的连线之间的夹角可变化。这样在单向联动的基础上再通过各自连接的驱动装置独立驱动下,使不同的喷嘴沿各自的轨道进行运动。
应说明的是,本实施例中第一喷嘴座B1的轨道是固定在第二喷嘴座B2上的圆,第二喷嘴座B2的轨道是固定在第三喷嘴座B3上的圆,第三喷嘴座B3的轨道是固定在喷头座A上的圆。
当然,类似依次套设的结构不止于前述的三个喷嘴座依次套设。与上述结构类似的,若干喷嘴座B沿由内及外依次套装设置,至少一个喷嘴座B设置在喷头座A上。各个喷嘴座上至少设置1个喷嘴。并且每个喷嘴座B都有一个与之对应的驱动装置D。可以扩展为包括2个或者多于3个喷嘴座的结构。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例四,参看图9所示,第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3均活动设置在第一喷嘴座B1上。其中,第一驱动装置D1设置在喷头座A上并与第一喷嘴座B1连接,这样可以驱动第一喷嘴座B1、第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3同时进行转动。而第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3分别为第二驱动装置D2与第三驱动装置D3驱动做转动或直线运动。
示例性的,如图9所示,第一驱动装置D1和第一喷嘴座B1分别为旋转驱动装置以及旋转喷嘴座,第二驱动装置D2和第三驱动装置D3为直线驱动装置,第二喷嘴座B2和第三喷嘴座B3为直线喷嘴座;这样当第一驱动装置D1驱动第一喷嘴座B1进行转动时同时转动第二喷嘴座B2,而第二喷嘴座B2可以在第二驱动装置D2的驱动下相对第一喷嘴座B1做直线移动,通过移动可有效地控制第二喷嘴N2与第一喷嘴N1和第三喷嘴N3之间的连线形成的夹角和/或距离。第三喷嘴座B3可以在第三驱动装置D3的驱动下相对第一喷嘴座B1做直线移动,通过移动可有效地控制第三喷嘴N3与第一喷嘴N1和第二喷嘴N2之间的连线形成的夹角和/或距离。
应说明的是,本实施例中,第一喷嘴座B1的轨道是固定在喷头座A上的圆,第二喷嘴座B2的轨道是固定在第一喷嘴座B1上的直线段,第三喷嘴座B3的轨道也是固定在第一喷嘴座B1上的直线段。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例五,如图10-a和10-b所示,喷头装置包括:一个喷头座A、一个双孔喷嘴座B01,两个一般喷嘴座B01'和B02'。其中,一般喷嘴座上设置有至少一个喷嘴N和/或一个圆柱形孔;双孔喷嘴座上包括两个圆柱形孔,圆柱形孔用以装设喷嘴座。每个喷嘴座都有一个与其对应的驱动机构(图中未画出)驱动其动作。第一一般喷嘴座B01'以及第二一般喷嘴座B02分别可旋转的装设于双孔喷嘴座B01的圆柱孔中,本实施例中每个一般喷嘴座上分别设置2个喷嘴,也即第一一般喷嘴座B01'上设有两个第一喷嘴 N01和N01',第二一般喷嘴座B02'上设有两个第一喷嘴N02和N02'。本实施例中,双孔喷嘴座上不直接设置喷嘴,喷嘴相对喷头座的最终运动轨迹都是双孔喷嘴座与其所在一般喷嘴座自转运动耦合的,因而每个一般喷嘴座上的两个喷嘴均可通过调整喷头座A及喷嘴座B的动作对应至相应的打印路径上。
进一步,一般喷嘴座B01'和B02'还可以分别选择为以下结构中的一种:
(1)上设有一个圆柱形孔和一个喷嘴,圆柱形孔可以继续向内嵌套喷嘴座,形成类似前述多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例三中的套筒式结构;圆柱形孔中既可以设置一般喷嘴座,也可以设置双孔喷嘴座。
(2)上设有一个圆柱形孔,圆柱形孔中既可以设置一般喷嘴座,也可以设置双孔喷嘴座。
此种结构形式还可以适用喷嘴座数更多的情况。如图11所示,打印喷头装置包括两个双孔喷嘴座,分别为第一双孔喷嘴座B01以及第二双孔喷嘴座B02,第二双孔喷嘴座B02装设在第一双孔喷嘴座B01的一个圆柱孔中;打印喷头装置还包括三个一般喷嘴座,分别为第一一般喷嘴座B01’、第二一般喷嘴座B02’以及第三一般喷嘴座B03’。第一一般喷嘴座B01’装设在第一双孔喷嘴座B01的另一个圆柱孔中,第二一般喷嘴座B02’以及第三一般喷嘴座B03’装设在第二双孔喷嘴座B02的两个圆柱孔中。并且三个一般喷嘴座上均设有2个喷嘴。
需要说明的是,图10和图11中所示为双孔喷嘴座直接装设在喷头座A上。另外也可以是一般喷嘴座直接装设在喷头座A上,并通过双孔喷嘴座与另一个一般喷嘴座连接。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例六,本实施例公开一种打印喷头装置,参看图12-a,打印喷头装置包括:一个喷头座A、两个双孔喷嘴座B01和B02以及三个一般喷嘴座B01’、B02’和B03’。其中,一般喷嘴座上设置有至少一个喷嘴N和/或一个圆柱形孔;双孔喷嘴座上包括两个圆柱形孔,圆柱形孔用以装设喷嘴座。每个喷嘴座都有一个与其对应的驱动机构(图中未画出)驱动其动作。
第一双孔喷嘴座B01装设在喷头座A上。一般喷嘴座B02’穿设两个双孔喷嘴座B01和B02的圆柱孔,使B01和B02可转动连接,另外两个一般喷嘴座B01’和B03’分别设于B01和B02的另一圆柱孔中。本实施例中每个一般喷嘴座上分别设 置2个喷嘴,也即第一一般喷嘴座B01'上设有两个第一喷嘴N01和N01',第二一般喷嘴座B02'上设有两个第一喷嘴N02和N02'。
当然,双孔喷嘴座的数目不局限为2个,每两个双孔喷嘴座之间均通过一个一般喷嘴座可转动连接,可以以类似于图12-a的结构继续向一侧或两侧扩展双孔喷嘴座,形成链条式的结构。而如果存在三个双孔喷嘴座通过一个一般喷嘴座可转动连接的情况,则扩展的结构就就从链条式结构转变为网状结构,如图12-b和12-c所示,双孔喷嘴座B03、B02、B01以及B05依次通过一个一般喷嘴座可转动连接形成一个链条结构,双孔喷嘴座B04可转动连接到双孔喷嘴座B02与B01的连接轴上,而后将两侧双孔喷嘴座B03、B05以及中间的B04旋转至平行或接***行的位置,则形成图19所示的网状结构。可以继续以类似结构向外扩展。
与之类似的,如图13所示,喷嘴座B1、B2、B3均由安装板51和凸起部52组成,凸起部为圆柱状,凸起部的横截面积小于安装板,喷嘴N01、N01`、N02、N03设置在凸起部52上,其中喷嘴座B1包括两个凸起部,其上分别设有喷嘴N01和N01`;喷嘴座B2和B3上设置有一个凸起部52和一个圆柱孔,喷嘴座B2的圆柱孔套设在喷嘴N01`所在的凸起部上,则两喷嘴座的安装板以一个凸起部为旋转轴实现了可旋转连接,喷嘴座B3的圆柱孔套设在喷嘴座B2的凸起部52上。当然,喷嘴N01`可以与喷嘴N01设置在同一个凸起部上,以缩短喷嘴之间的距离。
以图13所示的喷嘴座结构继续向外拓展,可形成更长的链条式结构。而当在一个凸起部上可旋转连接3个喷嘴座后,与前述实施例类似的,可以形成如图23所示的网状结构。
另外,喷嘴座B1和B2之间或与喷头座之间也可以通过其他的旋转轴结构连接,如可以在B1上设置圆弧凸出结构,在B2上设置圆弧内凹结构,圆弧凸出结构嵌入到圆弧内凹结构即可形成在一定角度范围内可摆动的旋转轴结构连接。此时凸起部52的形状不需为图13所述的圆柱状。
上述六个多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例,喷嘴可以设置在相同的高度上,利于在相同层上的打印路径进行打印,并利于简化设计和制作。另外,喷嘴也可以设置在至少两个高度上,如图10,图11,和图12-a所示,如此可以更好的适应同 时打印不同层上打印路径的情况,例如可以使得多个喷嘴距离其对应的打印层距离相等,或根据不同料的特性使得各喷嘴均处于最佳距离上,目的是使打印材料从喷嘴尽量同时落到打印层上,利于提升打印效果,也便于控制。
除了喷嘴本身设计时就具备不同高度外,喷头上还可以增设高度调整机构控制喷嘴座升降,继而带动其上的喷嘴到相应高度上。示例性的可以采用丝杆副机构或定位槽定位杆机构。如图15-a所示,丝杆副机构由丝杆41和丝母42组成,其分别与喷头座和喷嘴座相连,或与2个喷嘴座相连。通过丝杆41的旋转动作实现两个连接部件轴向方向高度差的变化。丝杆41的动作可以通过手动或者电机驱动实现(驱动电机图中未示出)。示例性的,还可以采用定位槽定位杆机构请参看图15-b,定位杆44根据需要可***不同的定位槽43进行限位,可以分级的调节喷嘴座的高度,从而调节喷嘴之间的高度差。
前述多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中设置的驱动装置为斜齿轮、涡轮蜗杆传动副或丝杆副。见图16-a所示,驱动装置还可以为锥齿轮传动副,见图16-b所示,驱动装置采用电机转子与喷嘴座直连的方式进行驱动,即空心轴电机方式驱动,图16-c采用同步带传动方式进行驱动。当然在其他多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中驱动装置也可采用直齿轮或液压马达中的一种,具体的可根据实际需要选定,此处不再一一赘述。
喷嘴座的轨道优选为圆或直线,在其他实施例中,喷嘴座的轨道还可以是其他的曲线形式。例如,喷头座或喷嘴座上可以设置曲线的滑槽轨道,喷嘴座沿此滑槽曲线滑槽移动,则喷嘴座上的喷嘴的轨道则可以为曲线。合理设置轨道,在某些应用实例中,可以实现一个驱动装置驱动多个喷嘴座。另外也可以多个驱动装置驱动一个喷嘴座.
在上述六个多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例基础上,打印喷头中喷嘴的结构为设有料孔结构的喷嘴、没有料孔结构的喷嘴一种,且所述喷嘴的材料为金属、电气绝缘材料、不可溶电极材料、非金属导电材料的一种或几种材料的复合。
设有料孔结构的喷嘴,见图14-a、14-b中,喷嘴座包括输料通道21,以及设置在输料通道两端的入料口22(即与打印相关的料进入的口,实际使用时与给料机构连接),和喷料口23(即用于将与打印相关的料喷出的口)。其中, 输料通道21设置为倾斜通道,使得喷嘴座的输料通道21的喷料口23之间的距离小于入料口22之间的距离,从而使得喷嘴之间的距离可以在入料口22间距不必靠近的情况下而实现减小,这种形式的喷嘴结构有利于对打印路径曲率较小的物体进行多喷嘴打印,并可以在相同打印路径曲率半径情况下减小喷嘴座相对转动的角度,有利于提升打印速度。见图2所示,喷料口23与上方的输料通道21直型连接(即同轴设置),这样方式的喷料口23和输料通道21结构的流动阻力小。当然在其他实施例中也可以将输料通道21设置成其他类型,均属于本申请保护的范围之内。
在上述六个多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中,实际运用时,优选地让喷嘴之间的间距尽量小,这样利于提升打印效率。喷头上设有检查喷嘴座相对喷头座转角位置或转角零点信息的传感器30,见图3所示。具体的是通过所获得的喷嘴座转角位置与期望转角位置的偏差来相应的实时控制喷嘴座的在其轨道上的运动,并结合喷头座与打印平台的X,Y,Z相对运动,最终达到多个喷嘴N沿各自相对应的打印路径进行打印。见图5所示,每个喷嘴座B均通过各自的第一传感器31、第二传感器32以及第三传感器33来获得各喷嘴座的转角零点或转角位置信息。
其中,设置的传感器可以为光电传感器、霍尔传感器、旋转变压器、行程开关和触动开关中的一种,同时传感器还可以安装在打印喷头座A上,或各喷嘴座B上均可,只需满足对喷嘴座B转角零点或转角位置的检测即可。具体安装方式在本申请中不做进一步的限定,均可根据实际需求做合理的安装设计。所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头可以根据实际应用需要增设其他部件或功能,如加热装置、散热装置或给料机构等。
本发明还提供了一种打印方法,采用打印喷头和打印平台进行打印,打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,该打印喷头包括喷头座和喷嘴座,打印喷头与打印平台相对运动,包括以下步骤:
a)、对待打印物体的三维数据进行分析,在待打印物体的每一层上生成至少两条打印路径;
b)、利用打印喷头在所述打印平台上对所述待打印物体的每一层上生成的 打印路径进行打印,使至少两个喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
本发明还提供了另一种打印方法,打印方法采用具有多个喷嘴的喷头,在随着喷头与打印平台进行x,y,z三个方向相对运动的同时,通过各喷嘴座或喷头座分别相对打印平台的转动,使得喷嘴沿打印路径切线方向且在与此方向相垂直平面内投影之间的距离在小于某个值的范围内实现任意可调(即使至少两个喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动),从而实现多喷嘴3D打印。
以下具体的打印方法中详解介绍几个常用的打印方法,实际打印时可根据需要做合理的调整,并不仅限于给出的实施例中的打印方法:
打印方法实施例一参看图17-a及图24所示,示例性的,设打印喷头上设置四个喷嘴NA、N1、N2、N3,且满足这4个喷嘴可以通过喷头座及喷嘴座的运动驱动至相应的打印路径上。喷头座上设有一喷嘴NA,并设其打印喷头的原点与此喷嘴重合,喷头座A带动其原点与打印平台C相对运动,使其原点移动到相对于打印平台C上打印路径的起始点处。喷头座A带动喷嘴NA在X,Y平面中沿打印路径L1运动。第一喷嘴N1沿轨道T1移动,直到第一喷嘴N1到达打印路径L2上停止沿其轨道T1移动,设移动后相对初始位置的角度为α1,移动后到NA的距离为d1;第二喷嘴N2沿其轨道T2移动,直到第二喷嘴N2到达打印路径L3上停止沿轨道T2移动,设移动后相对初始位置的角度为α2,移动后到NA的距离为d2,第三喷嘴N3沿其轨道T3移动,直到第三喷嘴N3到达打印路径L4上停止沿轨道T3移动,设移动后相对初始位置的角度为α3,移动后到NA的距离为d3。应当说明,四个喷嘴NA、N1、N1、N3分别到达其对应打印路径的先后顺序不限,或同时到达均可。
显然,只要多喷嘴3D打印喷头具备至少3个活动设置的喷嘴座,即新增3个自由度,即可以满足至少4个喷嘴可以被驱动至相应的打印路径上,进而实现4个喷嘴分别沿相应的打印路径行进,因为喷头座相对打印平台的相对运动总是可以保证至少一个喷嘴处于相应的打印路径上的。需要说明的一点是,本方法实施例以及后续方法实施例中的喷嘴数量仅为示例,打印方法对 喷嘴数量并没有限定。而当打印路径数目变化时,可以相应的改变喷嘴座和喷嘴的个数。另外,此实施例中无论四个喷嘴中是否有一个喷嘴NA位于喷头座上,其打印方法均是类似的,在此不再赘述。针对前述多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例一至七中的打印喷头,均可以扩展为至少包括3个活动设置的喷嘴座的结构,故而均适应于本方法实施例。
因为任意曲线的打印路径或轨道可以通过直线和圆弧的拟合实现,所以后续分别就直线打印路径或轨道和曲线打印路径或轨道对打印方法做进一步细化说明。在细化的实施例中,将喷嘴NA和N1都设置到同一个喷嘴座B1上,且分别命名为N1和N1`。这种处理不会改变打印效果。
当打印路径L为一组平行线时:如图17-b和图24所示。在一个喷头座上有三个喷嘴座,且3个喷嘴座相互独立转动。其中,第一喷嘴N1和第一喷嘴N1`固定在第一喷嘴座B1(即第一喷嘴座B1上设置两个第一喷嘴N1、N1`)上,第二喷嘴N2固定在第二喷嘴座B2上,第三喷嘴B3固定在第三喷嘴座B3上,T1、T2、T3分别是喷嘴N1`、N2、N3的轨道,此例中均为圆。当各喷嘴座分别转动一定的角度,结合喷头座与打印平台的相对运动,可以使得各喷嘴都处于相应的打印路径上,如图中所示。另外,图17-b中的三个喷嘴座还可以是相互关联转动的,例如,第一喷嘴座B1的运动轨道固定在第二喷嘴座B2上,第二喷嘴座B2的运动轨道固定在第三喷嘴座B3上,第三喷嘴座B3的运动轨道固定在喷头座A上。各喷嘴座分别转动一定的角度,结合喷头座与打印平台的相对运动,也可以使得各喷嘴都处于相应的打印路径上。如此设置可以减少喷嘴座B2和B1的转角。在其他应用中,4个喷嘴也可以设置到同一个喷嘴座中,例如可以取消喷嘴座B2和B3,并将喷嘴N2和N3设置在喷嘴座B1上。且将各个喷嘴共线设置,且喷嘴的间距与打印路径的间距按比例对应,或进一步的一种应用,打印路径的间距相等(即P1=P2=P3),喷嘴共线等距布置。当喷嘴座B1转动合适的角度,结合喷头与打印平台的相对运动,可以使得喷嘴分别处于相应的打印路径上。图17-c给出另一种实施例,第一喷嘴座B1与喷头座A连接,第二喷嘴座B2、第三喷嘴座B3设置在第 一喷嘴座B1上,且第一喷嘴座B1的轨道为固定在喷头座上的圆,第二喷嘴座B2的轨道和第三喷嘴座B3的轨道固定在第一喷嘴座B1上,为共线的线段。喷嘴座B1转动一定的角度,同时喷嘴座B2和B3沿轨道移动一定的距离,结合喷头与打印平台的相对运动,可以使得各喷嘴处于相应的打印路径上。当然,喷嘴座B2和B3的轨道T2和T3也可以不共线,或不与喷嘴N1重合,同样可以实现多喷嘴同时打印多条打印路径。
示例性的,当打印路径L为一组同心圆环时:如图17-d和图24所示。3个喷嘴座即可以是相互独立转动,也可以是相互关联转动。各喷嘴座分别转动一定的角度,结合喷头座与打印平台的相对运动,可以使得各喷嘴都处于相应的打印路径上。如果将4个喷嘴都设置在同一个喷嘴座上,可能会有2个喷嘴不能准确处于相应的打印路径上的情况,对于要求不高的应用可以做近似打印。图17-e给出另一种实施例,第一喷嘴座B1与喷头座A连接,第二喷嘴座B2、第三喷嘴座B3设置在第一喷嘴座B1上,且第一喷嘴座B1的轨道为固定在喷头座上的圆,第二喷嘴座B2的轨道和第三喷嘴座B3的轨道固定在第一喷嘴座B1上,均为线段。喷嘴座B1转动一定的角度,同时喷嘴座B2和B3沿各自的轨道移动一定的距离,结合喷头与打印平台的相对运动,可以使得各喷嘴处于相应的打印路径上。当然,喷嘴座B2和B3的轨道T2和T3也可以共线,或与喷嘴N1重合,同样可以实现多喷嘴同时打印多条打印路径。需要指出,当喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4打印的是同一层时。四个喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4可以分别打印同一层的4个路径,也即当p1、p2、p3均不为0。也可以有至少两个喷嘴同时打印同一路径,也即当p1、p2、p3有1个为0时。具体的,当p1=p3=0,p2不为0时,N1与N2同时打印L1(与L2重合),N3和N4同时打印L3(与L4重合)。另外,喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4也可以同时打印至少两个层上的打印路径。
一种应用情况,对于打印路径间距确定的情况下,如果喷嘴间距可以设置为与打印路径间距相同,则在一个喷嘴座上设置多个喷嘴(如≥3个),共线排列,简化喷头结构。喷头与打印平台相对运动的同时,喷嘴座与打印平台相对转动,也可使得各喷嘴同时处于打印路径上。
应说明的是,上述各具体打印方法实施例中将喷头座的原点与某一喷嘴N重合,这种处理方法仅仅是为了分析方便。实际上喷头座原点可以设置在喷头座的任意位置,且都可以达到相同的结果。上述示例中喷嘴圆轨道圆心均处于与喷嘴B1重合,是为了分析方便,实际上各喷嘴的圆轨道圆心可以位于喷头上任意位置,且不必相互重合。图中打印路径和喷嘴轨道用映射到XY平面上相应的线表示。图中的箭头表示喷头相对打印平台的运动方向,即可以是喷头运动,也可以是打印平台运动,或两者共同运动产生。下述同。
打印方法实施例二,本打印方法应用于多层同时打印的情况,参看图18、图19、图20-a、图21-a、图23和图24。图18中,示例性的,喷头包括喷头座A,1个喷嘴座B,2个喷嘴N01和N02,即分别对应的打印路径L1和L2。图中双点划线示意喷嘴的轨道。打印路径L1和L2在XY平面上的投影间距为k1,在Z方向上的投影间距为δ1。具体的:
当k1为0时,此时喷嘴N01,N02的打印路径L1和L2在XY平面上的投影重合。进一步的,当δ1为0时,打印路径L1和L2在同一层上,即相当于p1为0,两打印路径重合。当δ1不为0时,打印路径L1和L2不在同层上。
k1不为0时,此时喷嘴的N01,N02的打印路径L1和L2在XY平面上的投影不重合。进一步的,当δ1为0时,打印路径L1和L2在同一层上。当δ1不为0时,打印路径L1和L2不在同层上,且在XY平面上的投影不重合。
两个喷嘴N01、N02可有一个设置在喷头座A上,另一个设置在喷嘴座B上,同样可以实现两个喷嘴分别沿不同层的打印路径L1、L2行进。
进一步的,如图19所示。多喷嘴3D打印喷头上包括6个喷嘴N01、N01’、N02、N02’、N03、N03’,均可以被分别驱动至相应的打印路径L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6上。图中示意了打印路径分别在3个层上,其中:N01、N01’位于同一层,N02、N02’位于同一层,N03、N03’位于同一层;示例性的,L1、L2、L3在XY面的投影重合,L4、L5、L6在XY面上的投影重合,且L1和L4在打印面上的投影不重合。
示例性的,本打印方法可以通过实施例六中图12-a所示的打印喷头装置实 现。每层2个打印路径的一种喷嘴座或喷嘴的调整方式。每个一般喷嘴座上的两喷嘴位于同一层,且分别打印不同的打印路径。也即6个喷嘴同时打印3层,每层同时打印2个打印路径。图20-a,示例性的,4个喷嘴N1,N2,N3和N4分别同时连续挤出打印4层上的打印路径的示例。图21-a示意4个喷嘴N1,N2,N3和N4分别同时离散喷射打印4层打印路径的示例。
需说明,喷嘴设置为相同高度的情况,如图21-b中的多喷嘴,也可以用于多层打印。各个喷嘴到相应层上的打印距离会不同。此方式可以简化喷头结构。另外图中喷嘴座B1,B2,B3和B4为示意,实际可以几个喷嘴座合并一体或与喷头座固连一体,如图21-c所示为4个喷嘴座合并一体的示例。下同。
打印方法实施例三,本方法即可以在整数层上打印,也可以在分数层上打印。整数层是指模型切片或分层所产生的层,分数层是指整数层之间的层。例如,如果喷嘴分别可以打印出至少两种尺寸的料,或打印至少出两种直径的料。控制所述打印大尺寸或大直径打印料的喷嘴N01打印待打印物体的任一打印层,控制所述打印较小尺寸或小直径打印料的喷嘴N02对应待打印物体两打印层之间进行打印。尺寸或直径大的料打印到相邻层上的打印路径,尺寸或直径小的料打印层与层之间堆叠料的间隙处;打印料形成类似图20-b所示的堆叠结构。通过增加层与层之间的分数层上的打印料,可以提高打印料的接触面积,也可以在分数层上打印提升层与层之间粘结性的材料来提升模型的强度和密封性能。还可以提升模型表面的平滑程度。
需要说明的一点是,采用离散喷射的方式进行分数层打印也可以达到图20-b的类似结构,实现前述类似效果。另外轨道为线段的喷嘴也可以用于整数层或分数层的多层打印,方法类似,这里不再累述。
打印方法实施例四,本打印方法中的喷嘴可以连续挤出料也可以离散喷射料,或为光源式喷嘴、热源式喷嘴;电极式喷嘴;磁极式喷嘴。离散喷射方式打印如图21-a、图21-b和图21-c所示,控制喷嘴座及喷头座的运动使喷嘴分别对应其打印路径进行打印,沿着打印轨迹形成串状的形体,喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4可以分别对应不同层上的打印轨迹,喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4可以如图21-a所示设置在不同高度上,也可以如图21-b所示设置在同一高度上。
离散打印方式与连续挤出式打印方式不同,离散喷射打印方式的打印料是离散喷射出的,也即打印料是一份一份喷出的,具体可以为颗粒、浆料、液滴或者气雾。光源式喷嘴意即喷嘴为光源结构,可以提供特定的光照、热源式喷嘴意即喷嘴为热源结构,可以提供热源;电极式喷嘴意即喷嘴为电极结构,可以提供电场;磁极式喷嘴意即喷嘴为磁极结构,可以提供磁场。多喷嘴3D打印喷头上的喷嘴可以包括上述种类喷嘴中的一种或几种。离散打印方式利于打印模型的细节,利于复合材料的打印,在一些应用情况也利于提升打印速度。光源式喷嘴,示例性的,例如提供光固化材料固化用的光源,可以沿打印路径对光固化材料进行固化实现模型打印。热源式喷嘴也可以提供类似的效果。电极式喷嘴可以让电解液沿打印路径进行析出金属,实现3D打印。磁极式喷嘴可以提供类似的效果,或沿打印路径对材料进行磁化处理。
进一步,喷嘴可以在连续挤出打印方式和离散喷射打印方式之间切换。或部分喷嘴采用连续挤出式打印方式,部分喷嘴采用离散喷射方式打印。可以综合不同打印方式的益处,扩展应用范围和灵活性。
打印方法实施例五,本打印方法还可以实现彩色或图案打印,也可以进行复合材料打印。对含有彩色信息或图案信息的3D模型进行分析,对模型进行切片或分层处理,在每层上生成相应的打印路径,并根据模型的彩色信息或图案信息在打印路径的相应位置上设置相应的主色单元,形成沿打印路径线性排列的主色单元串。通过这些主色单元串合成的3D打印模型可以复现原3D模型的彩色或图案。
多喷嘴3D打印喷头的喷嘴可分别打印与各主色单元相对应的颜色料,在所述喷嘴到达打印路径一位置时,根据该位置的主色单元的颜色与喷嘴打印料颜色的匹配情况控制相应的喷嘴在该位置打印,这些微小的主色材料的排列在宏观上展现出设定的颜色或图案。
示例性的,如图21-b、图21-c和图21-d所示,为彩色或图案打印示意图。喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4分别打印CMYK颜色模型中4种主色,即C(Cyan/青色)M(Magenta/品红色)Y(Yellow/黄色)K(Black/黑色)。当然,如必要还可以增加W(white/白色)或其他颜色,形成更多种类的主色单元,或减少其中的 主色单元,形成更少种类的主色单元。当喷嘴打印料颜色与某位置上的主色不匹配时,则继续移动但不打印。控制每个喷嘴当运动到需要打印该主色的位置时进行打印。最终完成彩色或图案打印。图21-b中的示例,4个喷嘴分别设置到对应的喷嘴座上,且离散喷射方式打印,4个喷嘴可以同时沿具有主色单元的打印路径运动,当喷嘴运动到某个位置的主色打印与喷嘴的喷射料颜色匹配时,喷射离散料到相应位置上,否则留下空缺等后续的喷射合适颜色料的喷嘴运动到此位置后再进行喷射相应颜色的离散料。图21-c所示的示例,将喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4设置在一个喷嘴座上,可简化喷头结构。至少2个喷嘴可以同时处于打印路径上。可以根据打印相应颜色料的喷嘴到打印路径上的相匹配的某个位置上主色单元匹配位置的距离状况,动态的调整相应的喷嘴移动到打印路径上的对应位置上离散喷射相应的颜色料,然后此喷嘴可能会临时停止打印并被移动离开打印路径,而调整其他的喷嘴移动到打印路径上对应的位置上离散喷射相应颜色的离散料,如此往复,即四个喷嘴设于相同的喷嘴座上,同样可以完成彩色打印。类似的,如图21-d所示,也可以使喷嘴N1、N2、N3、N4的打印材料是连续形式的,也即应用连续挤出式喷嘴分段挤出料进行实现彩色打印,其机理同前述的离散喷射式打印。
利用彩色或图案的打印方法,将各主色单元变换为不同的材料单元,同样可以实现复合材料打印。即前述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头的部分或全部喷嘴分别打印不同的材料,当某喷嘴移动到打印路径上某位置时,根据此位置上的材料单元信息与喷嘴所打印材料的匹配情况控制喷嘴进行打印。
另外,还可以采用光源式喷嘴,或热源式喷嘴,或电极式喷嘴,或磁极式喷嘴对打印料颜色或特性的改变,延打印路径上将相应单元的颜色或材质进行改变或调整,同样可以实现彩色或图案打印,或复合材料打印。
当然,喷嘴的个数和所用打印料的颜色匹配相应的颜色模型或者贴图图案样式修改。可采用多种颜色***或模型,如灰度模型、双色模型(如黑白色打印)或二值模型,或其他颜色模型如HLS(色调(hue),亮度(lightness),饱和度(saturation)),RGB(红、绿、篮),CIE色彩空间模型、CIELAB色彩空间模型,或其他的色彩模型或***。或其他的颜色,如金,铜,银等 金属颜色或其他材料所特有的颜色。可以采用半色调或双色调等彩色算法或图案算法在每条打印路径上分配相应的主色单元。也可以采用贴图或图案样式等。还可以是其他的表面特征,如透明,发光或荧光效果。例如模型表面采用透明材料,并在模型内部形成图案,可形成类似琥珀的打印模型。也即本实施例中的主色单元,可基于前述的各种颜色***或模型建立。
打印方法实施例六,打印平台C可转动时,打印平台C的转动可以替代前述多喷嘴3D打印喷头的一个喷嘴座的转动。此时可以将一个喷嘴座与喷头座固连一起,并省去相应的驱动装置,进而简化喷头结构,降低喷头质量。也可将一个喷嘴座的运动轨道省略,或是将一个带有回转轨道的喷嘴座直接固连到喷头座上,简化结构。
某些应用实施例,如多喷嘴3D打印喷头固定到机器人手臂上,或安装在可整体移动的机架上,也可以是安装喷头座的机架带动整个多喷嘴3D打印喷头一起转动。
打印方法实施例七,在打印过程中,至少一个喷嘴未打印完一条打印路径之前,转移至另一条打印路径进行打印,这两条打印路径可以在同层,也在不同层,且切换过程中打印可以间断,或不间断,如图23所示。可以让一种材质或颜色的材料在不同打印路径上快速切换,或连续打印。例如图23中,连续挤出料在下面层上打印路径不间断打印的切换到上面一层的打印路径上,如果连续挤出料是导电材料,离散喷射料为绝缘材料,则可以使得连续导电路径在不同打印路径上保持连续。另外,通过多喷嘴在多个打印路径上交替打印,可以形成某种图案或复合材料形式。还有,对于离散喷射料打印,对于复合材料打印或基于某种彩色或图案的打印,通过喷嘴在不同打印路径上切换,可将此喷嘴的材料或颜色快速打印到不同打印路径上对应的位置上,可提高打印速度。
在其他具体打印方法实施例中,当一个喷嘴座上的喷嘴数量多于三个,或有两个喷嘴座上的喷嘴分别都多于两个,则可能会有多余的喷嘴不能精确的调整到打印路径上。但某些应用情况,如当打印平行线时这些喷嘴可以调整到同一条直线上,可以使用多余的喷嘴;或对于模型的打印路 径曲率半径较大,且精度要求不高的情况,可以将多余的仅仅用于打印平行线的喷嘴也可用于打印曲线。另外还可以根据喷嘴到打印路径的距离或各喷嘴所打印的材料或颜色来动态调整合适的喷嘴到打印路径上,扩展应用上的灵活性。
相邻喷嘴的打印路径之间的间距是指两条打印路径之间的法向距离。另外,对模型切片或分层可以是水平切片,倾斜切片,或竖直切片。
打印平台可以是地面,桌面,输送带,托盘,专门设置的打印平台或其他模型的表面。在一些应用情况,打印平台还可以是曲面,如打印平台不平整,或者是模型打印一部分后,模型上继续打印的表面变得不平整。对于曲面的打印平台,多喷嘴3D打印喷头可以利用喷嘴座之间或与喷头座之间的高度差调节机构根据喷嘴与打印平台平面的间距动态调整喷嘴座之间或与喷头座之间的高度差,必要时还可调整多喷嘴3D打印喷头与打印平台的相对运动。以保持各喷嘴到对应打印位置的期望间距。
当打印平台为平面时,XY平面与打印平台平面平行的面。Z轴为与XY平面垂直的轴。
需要说明的是,多喷嘴3D打印喷头的喷嘴轴线,即喷嘴出料的方向,可以与打印平台垂直或不垂直,不垂直即喷嘴出料方向与打印平台形成一定的倾斜角度,如图22,喷嘴出料方向与打印平台C的夹角β不为90°。喷嘴座的旋转方向既可以是绕喷嘴轴线转动,也可以是绕与打印平台C垂直的轴线转动。调整各个喷嘴座之间或与喷头座之间的高度差,可以控制各喷嘴到打印平台的距离。喷嘴与打印平台倾斜角度的方式可以在多层打印过程中,方便喷嘴避让临近位置上刚打印好的多层料,可防止已经打印好的部分被喷嘴碰到。对于连续挤出料打印时,相对打印平台倾斜的喷嘴也利于挤出料在打印平台或模型上沉积。对于离散喷射料打印,例如离散喷射液体(如粘结剂,光固化材料等)到粉床(如金属、陶瓷、石膏等材料的粉床)上,倾斜的喷嘴可以让喷射料到粉末上时激起的粉末飞溅方向避开喷头,降低粉末等在喷头或喷嘴座上的附着。此外,喷嘴之间还可以不平行,即部分喷嘴与打印平台倾斜,部分喷嘴与打印平台垂直或倾斜不 同的角度。这样可以根据各喷嘴打印材料特性的不同针对性的来调整喷嘴与打印平台间的夹角,及夹角与喷嘴运动方向的关系。利于提升打印效果。
本打印方法可用于FDM或FFF等打印材料需要加热进行打印的应用,也可以应用于打印材料为冷态(即不需要加热)进行打印的应用情况。
本多喷嘴3D打印喷头和本打印方法可打印如下材料但不限于:可熔化的塑料或含金属的丝线或粒料、膏状或粉末状物质(如导电银浆、胶水、锡膏,巧克力,冰淇淋,金属粉末或陶瓷粉末与塑胶混合物)、液体(如墨水、电解液,光敏树脂)、混凝土,粉末,气雾态物质,也可以在喷嘴与平台之间通过数控电铸,或通过受控光照或受控加热等方式进行3D打印。多喷嘴可同时打印不同材质,或不同颜色,或不同尺寸的打印料。
文中所谓的转动,是指喷嘴座或打印平台延某个中心轴线的转动运动。另外还可以是指喷嘴之间的连线形成的夹角或与喷头座的原点之间形成的夹角发生变化的过程,或者是此连线与打印平台的相对转动运动。
本打印方法中的多喷嘴3D打印喷头可以采用前述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头结构或七种多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明还提供一种多喷嘴3D打印***,参看图23所示,该打印***包括了机架F、打印平台C和打印喷头,且打印喷头设置在机架F上,打印喷头包括设置在机架F上的喷头座A,以及装设在喷头座A上的喷嘴座B,打印喷头与打印平台相对运动。打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴N,打印时打印喷头与打印平台C进行相对运行(即X,Y,Z三个方向上的运动),以及喷嘴座或喷头座与打印平台的相对转动,动态控制喷嘴沿打印路径切线方向且在与此方向相垂直平面内投影之间的距离,从而使各喷嘴N沿设定的打印路径运动,实现三维打印。所述打印***可以根据实际应用需要增设其他部件或功能,如加热装置、散热装置,给料机构或电控等其他装置。
本多喷嘴3D打印***的所述打印喷头可以采用前述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头结构或七种多喷嘴3D打印喷头实施例中的一种或多种的组合。
本多喷嘴3D打印***可以采用前述的打印方法或七种打印方法实施例中的一种或多种的组合进行打印。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种多喷嘴3D打印喷头,所述打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,其特征在于,包括:
    喷头座;
    喷嘴座,其活动设置于所述喷头座上,且至少一个所述喷嘴设置在所述喷嘴座上;
    驱动装置,用于驱动所述喷嘴座进行运动,并带动所述喷嘴座上设置的所述喷嘴沿设定的打印路径运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述喷嘴座的数量为一个,且所述喷嘴座上设有至少一个喷嘴;
    所述喷嘴座与所述驱动装置连接,并被所述驱动装置驱动进行运动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上并与所述喷嘴座连接,用于驱动所述喷嘴座绕与所述喷嘴的中心线相平行的轴线转动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头包括至少两个喷嘴座,所述驱动装置与所述喷嘴座数量相同,每个所述驱动装置驱动一个喷嘴座运动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头包括套筒式结构的所述喷嘴座,若干所述喷嘴座由内向外依次套装设置,并且至少有一个所述喷嘴座设置在所述喷头座上,
    每个所述驱动装置驱动与其对应的喷嘴座运动,使其可与其他喷嘴座或所述喷头座发生相对转动;每个所述喷嘴座上至少设有一个喷嘴。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述喷嘴座沿同一中心轴线套装设置;对应的所述驱动装置均设置在所述喷头座上;
    或;
    最外侧的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上,其余的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在其外侧与该喷嘴座相邻的另一喷嘴座上,任一所述驱动装置带动与之对应的所述喷嘴座以及其内侧的喷嘴座转动;
    或;
    最内侧的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在所述喷头座上,其余的所述喷嘴座的驱动装置设置在其内侧与该喷嘴座相邻的另一喷嘴座上,任一所述驱动装置带动与之对应的所述喷嘴座以及其外侧的喷嘴座转动。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述喷嘴座包括至少一个旋转喷嘴座和若干平移喷嘴座,所述驱动装置包括至少一个旋转驱动装置和若干平移驱动装置,所述平移驱动装置驱动相应的平移喷嘴座移动;
    至少一个所述旋转喷嘴座活动装设在所述喷头座上,若干所述平移喷嘴座活动装设在所述旋转喷嘴座上;
    所述旋转驱动装置驱动所述旋转喷嘴座旋转,进而带动旋转喷嘴座上的若干所述平移喷嘴座运动;每个所述平移驱动装置驱动与其对应的所述平移喷嘴座相对所述旋转喷嘴座做直线运动;
    每个所述平移喷嘴座上设有至少一个喷嘴。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:所述喷嘴座包括至少一个双孔喷嘴座以及至少两个一般喷嘴座;其中,所述一般喷嘴座上设置有一个圆柱孔和/或至少一个喷嘴;所述双孔喷嘴座上包括两个圆柱孔,所述圆柱孔用以装设喷嘴座;
    所述驱动装置带动所述双孔喷嘴座,进而带动装设在该双孔喷嘴座 上的喷嘴座运动;并且所述驱动装置带动所述一般喷嘴座绕其自身中心轴线转动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为一个,所述一般喷嘴座的个数为两个;两个所述一般喷嘴座分别装设在所述双孔喷嘴座的一个圆柱孔内;每个所述一般喷嘴座上设有至少两个喷嘴;
    或;
    所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为至少两个,全部所述双孔喷嘴座通过圆柱孔由外向内依次套装设置,位于最内侧的所述双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔中分别设有一般喷嘴座;其余双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔中一个设有一般喷嘴座,另一个套设有双孔喷嘴座;每个所述一般喷嘴座上设有至少两个喷嘴;
    或;
    所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为一个;若干个所述一般喷嘴座由外向内依次套设形成一般喷嘴座组;其中,两个所述一般喷嘴座组分别装设在所述双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔内;或;一个所述一般喷嘴座组装设在所述双孔喷嘴座的一个圆柱孔,一个一般喷嘴座装设在另一圆柱孔。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:所述双孔喷嘴座的个数为至少两个;
    所述双孔喷嘴座的两个圆柱孔上分别装设一个一般喷嘴座;每两个双孔喷嘴座之间通过一般喷嘴座可转动连接,该一般喷嘴座穿设两个双孔喷嘴座各一个圆柱孔。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:至少两个所述双孔喷嘴座依次衔接通过一般喷嘴座连接,形成链条式结构,所述链条式结构中相邻所述双孔喷嘴座的一般喷嘴座为主连接轴,其中:
    另有至少一个所述双孔喷嘴座可转动连接至主连接轴;
    和/或;
    另有若干所述双孔喷嘴座形成另一所述链条式结构可转动连接至所述主连接轴。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:所述喷嘴座包括安装板和凸起部;其中,
    所述凸起部固设于所述安装板,喷嘴穿设于所述凸起部中,所述凸起部的横截面积小于所述安装板的横截面积;不同喷嘴座的安装板可转动连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:至少两个所述喷嘴座的安装板依次衔接可转动连接,形成链条式结构,所述链条式结构中相邻所述喷嘴座的旋转连接处为主连接轴,其中:
    另有至少一个所述喷嘴座可转动连接至主连接轴;
    和/或;
    另有若干所述喷嘴座形成另一所述链条式结构可转动连接至所述主连接轴。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:进一步包括高度调整结构,并且所述喷嘴座可滑移的设置在所述喷头座或其他喷嘴座上;
    所述高度调整机构可带动所述喷嘴座滑移,以调整喷嘴座上所述喷嘴的高度。
  15. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:所述喷嘴设置在相同高度上或至少设置在两个高度上。
  16. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:所述多喷嘴3D打印喷头包括:
    至少一个连续挤出式喷嘴;
    和/或;
    至少一个离散喷射式喷嘴;
    和/或;
    至少一个光源式喷嘴;
    和/或;
    至少一个热源式喷嘴;
    和/或;
    至少一个电极式喷嘴;
    和/或;
    至少一个磁极式喷嘴。
  17. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    还包括了一用于检测所述喷嘴座转角零点或转角位置的传感器。
  18. 根据权利要求1-13所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述传感器为光电传感器、霍尔传感器、旋转变压器、行程开关和触动开关中的一种或几种。
  19. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述驱动装置为斜齿轮、锥齿轮、直齿轮、涡轮蜗杆、皮带、空心轴电机或液压马达中的一种或几种。
  20. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述喷嘴为设有料孔结构的喷嘴、没有料孔结构的喷嘴中的一种,且所述喷嘴材料为金属、电气绝缘材料、不可溶电极材料、非金属导电材料的一种或几种材料的复合。
  21. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头,其特征在于:
    所述喷嘴为设有料孔结构的喷嘴,该喷嘴包括输料通道,以及设置在所述输料通道两端的入料口和喷料口;
    所述输料通道为倾斜通道,所述倾斜通道为自所述入料口至喷料口方向倾斜,且各所述倾斜通道的各所述喷料口之间的距离小于各所述入料口之间的距离。
  22. 一种打印方法,采用打印喷头和打印平台进行打印,其特征在于,所述打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,该打印喷头包括喷头座和喷嘴座,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台相对运动,包括以下步骤:
    a)、对待打印物体的三维数据进行分析,在待打印物体的每一层上生成至少两条打印路径;
    b)、利用所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上对所述待打印物体的每一层上生成的打印路径进行打印,使至少两个喷嘴分别沿相对应的所述打印路径进行运动。
  23. 一种打印方法,采用打印喷头和打印平台进行打印,所述打印喷头上设有多个喷嘴,该打印喷头包括喷头座和喷嘴座,其特征在于:
    采用所述打印喷头在所述打印平台上进行3D打印,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台进行x,y,z三个方向相对运动的同时,通过所述喷嘴座或喷头座分别相对打印平台的转动,使至少两个所述喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:
    所述打印喷头为权利要求1-21任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头。
  25. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:
    所述打印平台可转动,所述打印平台与所述打印喷头相对运动,使 得至少两个所述喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
  26. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:
    至少两个所述喷嘴同时分别沿至少两层上的打印路径进行运动。
  27. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:
    所述喷嘴输出打印料的方向与所述打印平台表面不垂直。
  28. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:至少一个喷嘴未打印完一条打印路径之前,转移至另一条打印路径进行打印。
  29. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:
    对具有彩色或图案信息的待打印物体的三维数据进行分析,将打印路径分割为若干单元,在每个单元上分配相应的主色,形成主色单元;
    若干个喷嘴分别打印相应的主色材料;在所述喷嘴到达打印路径一位置时,根据该位置的主色单元颜色信息控制打印相应主色材料的喷嘴在该位置打印。
  30. 根据权利要求22或23所述的打印方法,其特征在于:使喷嘴至少打印两种尺寸的打印料;控制所述打印大尺寸打印料的喷嘴打印待打印物体的任一层,控制所述喷射较小尺寸打印料的喷嘴对应待打印物体两层之间进行打印。
  31. 根据权利要求25所述的打印方法,其特征在于:
    所述喷头座和所述喷嘴座固连。
  32. 一种多喷嘴3D打印***,包括:机架、打印平台和打印喷头,所述打印喷头设置在所述机架上,所述打印喷头与所述打印平台相对于x,y,z三 个方向相对运动,其特征在于:
    所述打印喷头上设有至少两个喷嘴,所述打印喷头还相对于所述打印平台转动设置,使至少两个喷嘴分别沿相对应的打印路径进行运动。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的多喷嘴3D打印***,其特征在于:
    所述打印平台设置在所述机架上。
  34. 根据权利要求32或33所述的多喷嘴3D打印***,其特征在于:
    所述打印喷头为权利要求1-21任一项所述的多喷嘴3D打印喷头。
  35. 根据权利要求32或33所述的多喷嘴3D打印***,其特征在于:
    所述多喷嘴3D打印***为应用权利要求22-31任一项打印方法进行打印的打印***。
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