WO2017212815A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique à charge d'entretien - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique à charge d'entretien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017212815A1
WO2017212815A1 PCT/JP2017/016609 JP2017016609W WO2017212815A1 WO 2017212815 A1 WO2017212815 A1 WO 2017212815A1 JP 2017016609 W JP2017016609 W JP 2017016609W WO 2017212815 A1 WO2017212815 A1 WO 2017212815A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
storage battery
trickle
charging
power supply
power
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PCT/JP2017/016609
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
悠 宇田川
前田　謙一
大祐 保坂
近藤　隆文
哲也 松本
有広 櫛部
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日立化成株式会社
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Publication of WO2017212815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017212815A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technology that uses a storage battery (also called a secondary battery), and relates to a trickle charge of the storage battery, a power supply system, and the like.
  • a storage battery also called a secondary battery
  • SOC State Of Charge
  • a power supply system that uses a storage battery to take measures in an emergency such as a power failure.
  • This power supply system is called an emergency power supply system or a backup power supply system.
  • a storage battery is electrically connected between a charging power supply connected to a commercial power system and a device as a load.
  • This power supply system normally operates a device that is a load based on AC power from a commercial power system, while charging a storage battery from a power source for charging, and discharges from the storage battery to a device that is a load during a power failure. To supply power.
  • the float charging method is a method in which a storage battery is charged at a constant voltage in a system in which a storage battery is electrically connected in parallel to a charger as a charging power source and a load. This charging power source is used for both power supply to the load and charging of the storage battery.
  • the storage battery is always applied with a voltage even in a fully charged state, and a current flows through the storage battery in accordance with a decrease in the amount of charge due to self-discharge of the storage battery, so that the fully charged state is maintained.
  • the trickle charging method is a method in which a storage battery is charged with a minute current in a system in which the storage battery is electrically connected between a charger as a charging power source and a load.
  • a device as a load is operated from a charging power source based on AC power of a commercial power system.
  • the storage battery is charged with a minute current from the charging power source in a state where the storage battery is electrically disconnected from the load.
  • charging is continuously performed with a minute current of, for example, about 0.001 C to 0.1 C in order to compensate for the decrease in charging power from the fully charged state due to the self-discharge of the storage battery.
  • Patent No. 5514594 (patent document 1) is mentioned as a prior art example regarding charge of a storage battery.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that a float charge system for a nickel metal hydride battery performs float charge on the nickel metal hydride battery, and particularly determines that a float charge current value is determined according to the storage battery state.
  • trickle charging systems that perform trickle charging of lead-acid batteries and emergency power supply systems that use lead-acid batteries are common.
  • an inexpensive lead storage battery can be used, but the discharge of the lead storage battery has a low output and a large current discharge cannot be realized. Therefore, the system may not be able to supply sufficient power to the load during a power failure. That is, the trickle charge system and power supply system of the prior art have problems with respect to trickle charge and discharge output of the storage battery.
  • a representative embodiment of the present invention is a trickle charge power supply system that is a power supply system including a trickle charge system, and has the following configuration.
  • a trickle charge power supply system includes a storage battery unit including a nickel-zinc battery as a storage battery, a commercial power system, a load, and a charging power source connected to the storage battery unit.
  • the storage battery is not connected to the load, and based on the AC power of the commercial power system, trickle charging is performed on the storage battery of the storage battery unit by DC power from the charging power source.
  • the storage battery of the storage battery unit is connected to the load, and DC power is supplied from the storage battery of the storage battery unit to the load, and the storage battery is fully charged.
  • the trickle charge voltage of the trickle charge is 1
  • the maximum current trickle charge current is 1C.
  • a power supply system that performs trickle charging using a storage battery
  • power supply to a load can be realized by discharging the storage battery with as high output and large current as possible at the time of a power failure.
  • a discharge function is realized, and the life of the storage battery can be extended as long as possible while preventing overcharging, that is, the discharge function is maintained for a long period of time. it can.
  • Lead acid batteries have advantages such as low cost and excellent stability compared to other batteries.
  • the lead storage battery on the other hand, has disadvantages such as a small charge / discharge current, that is, low output.
  • the lead-acid battery is suitable for long-time use, for example, an emergency power system for a specific load with a small load fluctuation amount. Since lead-acid batteries have a small discharge current, they are not suitable for applications that require a large current discharge. In order to realize a large current discharge using a lead storage battery, the required capacity becomes large. As a result, a large installation space is required, resulting in high cost.
  • Nickel metal hydride batteries have advantages such as a larger charge / discharge current than lead acid batteries.
  • nickel-metal hydride batteries have low energy density and large self-discharge.
  • the cost per unit capacity (kwh) of a nickel metal hydride battery is higher than that of a lead battery. For this reason, in the case of installation of a large-capacity nickel metal hydride battery, the cost becomes great.
  • nickel-metal hydride batteries are also required to prevent overdischarge and overcharge.
  • a nickel zinc battery is known as a storage battery capable of discharging at a high output.
  • the nickel zinc battery is an alkaline secondary battery in which the negative electrode material of the nickel metal hydride battery is changed to zinc.
  • the nickel zinc battery can be charged and discharged at a higher current value than the lead acid battery.
  • Nickel zinc batteries have high energy density and low self-discharge. Since the nickel zinc battery has a battery voltage about 0.4 V higher than that of the nickel metal hydride battery, the energy density per volume is 1.4 times larger.
  • Nickel zinc batteries are superior in cost to nickel hydrogen batteries.
  • the nickel-zinc battery is highly safe because a water-based electrolyte is used in the same manner as lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries.
  • Zinc of the negative electrode of the nickel-zinc battery is excellent in environmental compatibility and material cost, so that a small, lightweight, and inexpensive system can be configured. Further, similarly to the nickel-metal hydride battery, the nickel-zinc battery can absorb oxygen generated from the positive electrode by overcharging at the negative electrode.
  • Nickel-zinc batteries have been slow to spread as storage batteries because they have faded in terms of cycle life due to dendrites. Recently, research and development of nickel-zinc batteries with a long cycle life with reduced dendrites is underway.
  • the float charge system like patent document 1 uses a nickel metal hydride battery, compared with a lead storage battery, the energy density per volume is twice as large and can comprise a small and lightweight system.
  • the cost becomes high as described above.
  • alkaline storage batteries using nickel electrodes such as nickel-zinc batteries
  • have a problem in terms of charging efficiency because charging reaction and oxygen generation reaction occur in a trickle charge.
  • the problem is particularly remarkable in the case of trickle charging at a high temperature.
  • the high temperature is a temperature higher than room temperature of about 30 to 60 ° C.
  • the adoption of the trickle charging method is as follows.
  • an emergency power supply system or the like when the storage battery is kept in a fully charged state for a long period of time, the amount of power stored in the storage battery is reduced due to the self-discharge of the storage battery, and the SOC value is lowered. Therefore, when using the discharge of the storage battery in the event of an emergency such as a power failure after a long period of time, the rated performance may not be exhibited and may not be used. Therefore, it is preferable to perform trickle charging in order to compensate for the power reduction due to the self-discharge of the storage battery and keep the storage battery in a fully charged state.
  • trickle charging when the SOC of the storage battery approaches a fully charged state, the trickle charging current naturally decreases. Therefore, the trickle charging method is effective in preventing overcharge of the storage battery.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment is configured.
  • a nickel zinc battery is newly applied as a storage battery, and the trickle charge for the storage battery is performed.
  • the trickle charge power supply system according to the embodiment has a configuration in which suitable trickle charge control, control conditions, and the like are designed so that the preferred trickle charge of the nickel zinc battery can be performed.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment realizes higher output and higher current discharge than the conventional system, and maximizes the life of the nickel zinc battery.
  • CA is a unit representing the charge / discharge characteristics of a storage battery.
  • C in CA is a unit representing the discharge rate of the storage battery, and A represents a unit such as an ampere representing a current value.
  • the discharge rate is a relative ratio of current during discharge to battery capacity.
  • the battery capacity indicates the amount of electricity that can be discharged and taken out before the end of discharge, and its unit is Ah (ampere hour) or the like.
  • 1C indicates a current value at which discharge of a single cell having a capacity of a nominal capacity value is constant-current discharged and discharge is completed in one hour.
  • 1CA indicates a current value that actually flows in the case of 1C.
  • trickle charging charging is performed over a long period of time, so the effect of the charging voltage value on the life is large, so it is necessary to pay attention to the charging voltage value.
  • the charging characteristics are affected by temperature, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperatures of the storage battery and the charger unit.
  • the type and capacity of the storage battery need to be designed according to the time of power failure, that is, the time of discharge and the power consumption of the load.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a trickle charge power supply system according to an embodiment.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment is a system connected to a commercial power system and a load 2 and includes a trickle charge system 10, a power failure detection relay unit 4, a switch 5, and the like.
  • the trickle charging system 10 is a system that performs trickle charging, and includes a charging power source 1 and a storage battery unit 3.
  • the load 2 is a device or system that becomes an electrical load.
  • the trickle charging system 10 is normally in a standby state, that is, in a state where trickle charging is performed from the charging power source 1 to the storage battery 30 in order to prepare for a power failure or the like.
  • the charging power source 1 is a charger unit, and the input side is connected to the terminal unit 6 of the commercial power system through an AC electric wire 71.
  • the output side of the charging power source 1 is connected to the load 2 through the DC electric wire 72.
  • the charging power source 1 is connected to the storage battery unit 3 through a DC electric wire 73.
  • the terminal unit 6 inputs AC power from the commercial power system and outputs it to the charging power source 1.
  • the power failure detection relay unit 4 is connected to the AC wire 71 through the wire 75.
  • the power failure detection relay unit 4 includes a relay circuit and detects a power failure state as a supply state of AC power of the commercial power system.
  • the power failure detection relay unit 4 is connected to the switch 5 through a signal line, and switches the switch 5 between an on state and an off state by a control signal 81 to be output.
  • the power failure detection relay unit 4 gives an off signal for turning off the switch 5 as the control signal 81 in the normal state, that is, the time during which the non-power failure state is detected.
  • the power failure detection relay unit 4 gives an ON signal for turning on the switch 5 as the control signal 81 during the time when the power failure state is detected.
  • the charging power source 1 includes an inverter that is a conversion circuit that converts AC power from a commercial power system into DC power. Further, the charging power source 1 includes a control circuit for performing trickle charging of the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3.
  • a DC electric wire 74 from the storage battery unit 3 is connected to the DC electric wire 72 between the charging power source 1 and the load 2.
  • the DC power 103 from the charging power source 1 and the storage battery unit 3 is input to the load 2 as a load input through the DC wire 72 and the DC wire 73.
  • DC power is normally supplied from the charging power source 1 to the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3. That is, charging 101 for the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3 is performed by the DC current of the DC power.
  • the DC power line 74 outputs DC power from the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3 at the time of a power failure. That is, the discharge 102 from the storage battery 30 is performed by the direct current of the direct-current power. The electric power of the discharge 102 is supplied as DC power 103 to the load 2 through the DC electric wire 74.
  • a switch 5 is provided in the middle of the DC electric wire 74.
  • the switch 5 is switched between an on state and an off state based on a control signal 81 input to the control terminal. Normally, when the switch 5 is in the OFF state, the DC electric wire 74 is not connected to the DC electric wire 72, so that the discharge 102 from the storage battery 30 is not performed. At the time of the power failure, during the time when the switch 5 is on, the DC electric wire 74 is connected to the DC electric wire 72, so that the discharge 102 from the storage battery 30 is performed.
  • the storage battery unit 3 includes a storage battery 30.
  • the storage battery 30 is constituted by a nickel zinc battery.
  • the storage battery unit 3 receives charge 101 which is trickle charge from the charging power source 1 at normal times, and discharges 102 to the load 2 at power failure.
  • the storage battery 30 is disconnected from the load 2 device, that is, the switch 5 is turned off. Then, the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3 is charged 101 from the charging power source 1 with a small current, for example, 0.001 to 0.1 C as a trickle charging current. By this trickle charge, the storage battery 30 is held in a fully charged state.
  • the trickle charge power supply system detects a power failure by the power failure detection relay unit 4 and turns on the switch 5 so that the storage battery 30 is connected to the load 2. Then, discharging 102 is performed from the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3, and the electric power is supplied to the load 2 as DC power 103. As a result, supply of the DC power 103 with a sufficient amount of discharged power from the storage battery 30 is realized, and the operation of the device that is the load 2 is continued during a power failure.
  • the trickle charge power supply system according to the embodiment realizes high output and large current discharge as compared with a trickle charge power supply system using a conventional lead storage battery.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment prevents overcharge of the storage battery 30 and maximizes the life of the storage battery 30 by the trickle charge method.
  • the trickle charge power supply system according to the embodiment realizes an inexpensive system as compared with a system using a conventional nickel metal hydride battery or the like.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment realizes a system that is safer and more environmentally friendly than a system using a conventional nickel metal hydride battery or the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a configuration of the storage battery unit 3 in the embodiment.
  • the storage battery unit 3 has a configuration in which nickel zinc batteries that are a plurality of storage batteries 30 are connected in series.
  • a plurality of single cells are connected in series, whereby an assembled battery is configured.
  • a DC electric wire 73 and a DC electric wire 74 are connected to a plurality of storage batteries 30 through a storage battery control unit 31.
  • a positive electrode terminal is provided on the uppermost potential side of the battery pack of the storage battery 30 and is electrically connected to the DC electric wire 73 and the DC electric wire 74.
  • a negative electrode terminal is provided on the lowest potential side of the assembled battery and is connected to the ground.
  • the storage battery control unit 31 adjusts and controls states of currents and voltages of the plurality of storage batteries 30.
  • a storage battery state detection unit 32 is connected to a plurality of storage batteries 30 through a storage battery control unit 31.
  • the storage battery state detection unit 32 measures and detects states such as current, voltage, and temperature of the plurality of storage batteries 30. Further, the storage battery state detection unit 32 may detect the SOC value of the storage battery 30 of the storage battery unit 3 by calculation based on the current, voltage, temperature, and the like of the plurality of storage batteries 30.
  • the trickle charging system 10 may determine normality / abnormality of the storage battery 30 using the detection value of the storage battery state detection unit 32 of the storage battery unit 3.
  • Trickle charging system 10 may determine the fully charged state of storage battery 30 using the SOC value of the detected value, and execute control according to the state. Examples of the control include control for stopping the charging 101 and the discharging 102 according to the SOC value.
  • the storage battery unit 3 is not limited to a configuration in which the plurality of storage batteries 30 are connected in series, but may be configured in a parallel connection of the plurality of storage batteries 30.
  • the storage battery unit 3 may have both a series connection and a parallel connection, that is, a structure in which a plurality of assembled batteries are connected in parallel. Any form is possible, and what is necessary is just to select according to designs, such as required storage battery capacity.
  • the detailed configuration example of the nickel zinc battery used as the storage battery 30 is as follows.
  • the nickel-zinc battery has nickel (Ni) at one electrode of the positive electrode or the negative electrode, zinc (Zn) at the other electrode of the positive electrode or the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution made of an alkaline aqueous solution.
  • the nickel electrode includes, as a component and a manufacturing method, an additive, a binder, and the like with respect to an active material mainly composed of nickel hydroxide particles.
  • the nickel hydroxide particles may be solid-solved with cobalt, zinc, cadmium, or the like, or the surface may be coated with a cobalt compound.
  • the additive in addition to cobalt oxide, cobalt compounds such as metal cobalt and cobalt hydroxide, rare earth compounds such as zinc compounds such as metal zinc, zinc oxide, and zinc hydroxide can be used.
  • As the binder a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer or the like can be used.
  • the binder may be at least one selected from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and sodium polyacrylate (SPA).
  • HPMC hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • SPA sodium polyacrylate
  • the binder is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 0.5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material particles, for example.
  • the zinc electrode includes at least zinc oxide, zinc, polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like as constituent elements and manufacturing methods.
  • Examples of the alkaline aqueous solution include an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
  • a hydrophilic microporous membrane is used as the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the nickel zinc battery is a single cell, for example, having a nominal voltage of 1.65V and a full charge voltage of 1.9V.
  • FIG. 2 shows a trickle charge voltage V1 and a trickle charge current I1 when trickle charging the storage battery 30.
  • the trickle charge voltage refers to a voltage per nickel zinc battery that is the storage battery 30, that is, a voltage per unit cell.
  • Trickle charge voltage V1 is set to an appropriate value so that overcharge of storage battery 30 can be prevented.
  • the trickle charge voltage V1 is set to a constant voltage value in the range of 1.82 V or more and 1.86 V or less as the trickle charge characteristics and control conditions (Test Examples 1 to 5 described later). See).
  • the trickle charge voltage V1 is preferably a constant voltage value in the range of 1.84 V to 1.86 V from the viewpoint of battery life and performance (see Test Examples 3 to 5 described later). ).
  • the trickle charge voltage V1 is further set to 1.85 V as a preferable value from the range (see Test Example 4 described later).
  • a current limiting circuit or the like may be provided in the trickle charging system 10 to limit the trickle charging current I1 with a predetermined upper limit value. Thereby, the life shortening of the storage battery 30 due to an excessive current is prevented.
  • the current value of the trickle charge current I1 is set to 1 C or less as a preferable condition.
  • 1C is a current value at which discharge of a nickel-zinc battery cell having a nominal capacity is constant-current discharged and the discharge is completed in one hour.
  • the current value of the trickle charging current I1 is more preferably 0.5C, and still more preferably 0.2C.
  • the SOC range is preferably in the range of 80% to 100% with the fully charged state being 100%.
  • the SOC of the nickel-zinc battery that is the storage battery 30 is set to 95% to 100% as the SOC range. That is, in the SOC range, the upper limit is 100%, which is a fully charged state, and the lower limit is 95%, which is a state close to that.
  • the trickle charging system 10 performs control so that the SOC value of the storage battery 30 is within the SOC range during normal operation.
  • the SOC range for example, a range of 80% to 95%).
  • Control of trickle charging from the charging power source 1 to the storage battery unit 3 in the trickle charging system 10 and its control conditions are as follows.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment is designed based on an example of a trickle charge test described below regarding control of trickle charge.
  • FIG. 3 shows a table summarizing the control conditions and results in the test example and the comparative example in the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment.
  • Test Examples 1 to 5 are shown.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown for Test Examples 1 to 5.
  • Examples 1 to 5 are configured based on Test Examples 1 to 5.
  • test temperature [° C.], trickle charge voltage [V], initial capacity [%], third capacity retention rate [%], and sixth capacity retention rate are arranged in order as columns. [%] Shows the results.
  • Initial capacity or the like is represented by the SOC value of the storage battery.
  • third capacity maintenance rate represents, for example, a rate at which the capacity of the storage battery is maintained from the initial capacity after about six months after the third trickle charge cycle.
  • the “sixth capacity retention rate” represents a similar rate after about one year, for example, after the sixth trickle charge cycle.
  • the values in the “Result” column are the evaluation values of the test examples and comparative examples of each trickle charge characteristic, and in particular, the evaluation values for the value of the “sixth capacity retention rate”.
  • This result value indicates that the double circle ( ⁇ ) was 70% or more as its value.
  • a circle ( ⁇ ) indicates 60% or more and less than 70%
  • a triangle ( ⁇ ) indicates 50% or more and less than 60%
  • a cross (x) indicates less than 50%.
  • a nickel zinc battery of 8 Ah-1.65 V (nominal voltage value) was used as a storage battery.
  • nickel hydroxide was used for the positive electrode and zinc oxide was used for the negative electrode.
  • the capacity ratio (N / P) between the negative electrode and the positive electrode was 2.5.
  • a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode a hydrophilized polypropylene nonwoven fabric and PP / PE were used.
  • KOH (5M) was used as the electrolytic solution.
  • the storage battery configured in the test example was subjected to chemical conversion treatment at room temperature of 25 ° C.
  • chemical formation conditions after charging for about 1.5 hours at 1 C as a charging current, an operation of discharging at 1 C and 1.9 V as a cutoff voltage was performed. After this operation, the result of measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery with a milliohm meter was 0.0016 ⁇ (1.6 m ⁇ ).
  • the nickel zinc battery thus obtained was charged at a constant voltage until the charging current reached 1 C, the charging voltage 1.90 V, and the cut-off current 0.05 C. As a result, the nickel zinc battery was fully charged, that is, the SOC value was 100%.
  • each of the nickel-zinc batteries that were in a fully charged state as an initial capacity was subjected to a test of trickle charging for a plurality of cycles using a charge / discharge test apparatus.
  • the test temperature was 45 ° C., which was a high temperature.
  • constant voltage charging with 60 days as one cycle, that is, trickle charging was performed during that period so as to be held at a constant voltage value in the vicinity of the set trickle charging voltage. All were carried out as a constant current discharge under the conditions of a discharge current value of 0.25 C and a cut-off voltage of 1.1 V for 6 cycles, that is, about one year.
  • Example 1 (Test Example 1)
  • the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.82 V and the maximum current of the trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C for the nickel zinc battery.
  • One cycle of constant voltage charging was performed while the trickle charging voltage was 1.82V.
  • the constant current discharge cycle was performed 6 times under the above conditions.
  • Example 2 (Test Example 2)
  • the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.83 V and the maximum trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C for the nickel zinc battery.
  • the constant voltage charge of 1 cycle was performed with the trickle charge voltage kept at 1.83V.
  • the constant current discharge cycle was performed 6 times under the above conditions.
  • Example 3 (Test Example 3)
  • the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.84 V and the maximum current of the trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C for the nickel zinc battery.
  • the constant voltage charge of 1 cycle was performed with the trickle charge voltage being 1.84V.
  • the constant current discharge cycle was performed 6 times under the above conditions.
  • Example 4 (Test Example 4)
  • the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.85 V and the maximum current of the trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C for the nickel zinc battery.
  • One cycle of constant voltage charging was performed while the trickle charging voltage was 1.85V.
  • the constant current discharge cycle was performed 6 times under the above conditions.
  • Example 5 (Test Example 5)
  • the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.86 V and the maximum current of the trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C for the nickel zinc battery.
  • the constant voltage charge of 1 cycle was performed with the trickle charge voltage being 1.86V.
  • the constant current discharge cycle was performed 6 times under the above conditions.
  • Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, for the nickel zinc battery, the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.81 V, and the maximum current of the trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C. One cycle of constant voltage charging was performed while the trickle charging voltage was 1.81V. The constant current discharge cycle was performed 6 times under the above conditions.
  • Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, for the nickel zinc battery, the trickle charge voltage was set to 1.87 V, and the maximum current of the trickle charge current was set to 0.2 C. One cycle of constant voltage charging was performed while the trickle charging voltage was 1.87V.
  • results of evaluation of the trickle charge characteristics of the test example and the comparative example are as shown in the “Result” column of the table of FIG.
  • a value such as “sixth capacity retention rate” corresponds to a value of the discharge capacity, which is the capacity of the storage battery after constant-current discharge under the above conditions (0.25 C) after constant-voltage charging in each cycle.
  • the discharge capacity before the trickle charge test is taken as 100% as the initial capacity, and the values of the third and sixth discharge capacities are shown.
  • Test Example 1 constant voltage charging was performed at 45 ° C. for about one year, but the discharge capacity was maintained at 50% or more. The sixth capacity retention rate was 51%.
  • Test Example 2 constant voltage charging was performed for about one year in the same manner, but the discharge capacity was maintained at 50% or more.
  • the sixth capacity retention rate was 58%.
  • the current value was charged with a small current of about 0.0125 C. As a result, it has been clarified that the capacity of the nickel zinc battery can be maintained.
  • Test Example 3 constant voltage charging was performed for about one year in the same manner, but the discharge capacity was maintained at 60% or more.
  • the sixth capacity retention rate was 68%.
  • the current value was charged with a current of about 0.0140 C, which is a small value. As a result, it has been clarified that the capacity of the nickel zinc battery can be maintained.
  • Test Example 4 constant voltage charging was performed for about one year in the same manner, but the discharge capacity was maintained at 70% or more. The sixth capacity retention rate was 72%. In this test, by controlling to a charging voltage of 1.85 V, the current value was charged with a small current of about 0.0165 C. As a result, it has been clarified that the capacity of the nickel zinc battery can be maintained.
  • Test Example 5 constant voltage charging was similarly performed for about one year, but the discharge capacity was maintained at 60% or more.
  • the sixth capacity retention rate was 65%.
  • the current value was charged with a current of about 0.0178 C which is a small value. As a result, it has been clarified that the capacity of the nickel zinc battery can be maintained.
  • the battery life of the test example is estimated by simple calculation as follows. That is, in Test Example 1, it is one year. In Test Example 2, it is one year and two months. In Test Example 3, it is one year and seven months. In Test Example 4, it is 1 year and 10 months. In Test Example 5, it is 1 year and 6 months. In Test Examples 1 to 5, trickle charging can be performed during each battery life.
  • this test was a trickle life test at a high temperature of 45 ° C. If it is defined that the rate of battery deterioration due to a temperature of 10 ° C. is doubled, the battery life at room temperature of 25 ° C. can be estimated as follows. That is, in Test Example 1, it is 4 years. In Test Example 2, it is 4 years and 8 months. In Test Example 3, it is 6 years and 4 months. In Test Example 4, it is 7 years and 4 months. In Test Example 5, it is 6 years. In Test Examples 1 to 5, trickle charging can be performed during each battery life.
  • Test Example 4 As shown in the table, in Test Example 4, the capacity retention rate at the sixth time in about one year was 72%, which is 70% or more, so the result value was a double circle ( ⁇ ), the most suitable. Evaluated that there was. Test Example 4 is adopted as the most preferred embodiment. In Test Example 3 and Test Example 5, since the sixth capacity retention rate was 60% or more and less than 70%, the value of the result was a circle ( ⁇ ), and it was evaluated that it was suitable. Test Example 3 and Test Example 5 are employed as preferred embodiments. In Test Example 1 and Test Example 2, since the sixth capacity retention rate was 50% or more and less than 60%, the value of the result was set as a triangle ( ⁇ ) and evaluated as possible. Although Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 are less effective than Test Examples 3, 4, and 5, they have sufficient effects and are employed as embodiments.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 since the 6th capacity retention rate was less than 50% (particularly less than 40%) or measurement was impossible, the result value was evaluated as “unsatisfactory” ( ⁇ ). Since Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 have low effects, they are not adopted as the embodiments.
  • the inventors have examined from Examples 1 to 5 corresponding to Test Examples 1 to 5, and the trickle charge voltage V1 in the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment ranges from 1.82 V to 1. 86V was obtained.
  • the sixth capacity retention rate was particularly less than 40% or could not be measured, but within this range, 50% or more, particularly 70% in Example 4. That's it. That is, within the range of the trickle charge voltage V1, a significantly superior effect and a more preferable effect were obtained as compared with outside the range.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment set to the trickle charge voltage V1 within the range of Examples 1 to 5 has a sufficient capacity maintenance rate of the storage battery 30 after performing trickle charge and discharge for a long time. The effect is high and the battery life is long.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment it is possible to supply power to a load by discharging a high output and a large current from a storage battery at the time of a power failure, compared to a power supply system using a conventional lead storage battery or the like.
  • a certain discharge function can be realized.
  • such a discharge function can be realized and the life of the storage battery can be made as long as possible while preventing overcharge of the storage battery, that is, the discharge function can be maintained for a long period of time.
  • the embodiment while realizing such a discharge function, it is possible to realize that the environment is clean with lower cost, space saving, and higher safety than in the past.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment is a system in which a trickle charge system for nickel zinc batteries is combined with an emergency power supply system. According to the embodiment, it is possible to provide a suitable emergency power supply system capable of realizing sufficient discharge power supply from a storage battery to a load device during a power failure.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment is preferably applied to an emergency power supply system, it can also be applied to other uses.
  • the trickle charge power supply system of the embodiment can be applied to ground storage facilities such as a hybrid system and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • SYMBOLS 1 Power supply for charge, 2 ... Load, 3 ... Storage battery part, 4 ... Power failure detection relay part, 5 ... Switch, 6 ... Terminal part, 30 ... Storage battery, 71 ... AC electric wire, 72, 73, 74 ... DC electric wire, 81 ...Control signal.

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de charge d'entretien, un système d'alimentation électrique et analogue, et fournit une technologie qui peut réaliser une puissance de sortie et une décharge de courant à partir d'une batterie rechargeable lors d'une panne électrique supérieures à celles obtenues précédemment. L'invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique à charge de d'entretien comportant: une unité de batterie rechargeable 3 qui comprend une batterie nickel-zinc en tant que batterie rechargeable 30; un réseau électrique commercial; une charge 2; et une alimentation électrique de charge 1 qui est connectée à l'unité de batterie rechargeable 3. Le système d'alimentation électrique à charge d'entretien charge la batterie rechargeable 30 à partir de l'alimentation électrique de charge 1 dans un état où la batterie rechargeable 30 n'est pas connectée à la charge 2 en temps normal, et fournit une énergie en courant continu à la charge 2 à travers une décharge provenant de la batterie rechargeable 30 dans un état où la batterie rechargeable 30 est connectée à la charge 2 lors d'une panne de courant. La batterie rechargeable 30 fonctionne dans une plage d'état de charge de 95 à 100 % dans le cas où un état de charge totale est de 100 %. Une tension de charge d'entretien de la charge d'entretien est une tension constante comprise entre 1,82 et 1,86 V. Un courant maximum d'un courant de charge de maintien est 1C.
PCT/JP2017/016609 2016-06-06 2017-04-26 Système d'alimentation électrique à charge d'entretien WO2017212815A1 (fr)

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CN110611124A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-24 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 一种锂离子电池的微电预充活化方法
JP7517661B2 (ja) 2020-11-25 2024-07-17 エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド バッテリー管理装置及び方法

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JP6955217B2 (ja) * 2018-01-19 2021-10-27 ダイキン工業株式会社 流体システム
WO2019176377A1 (fr) * 2018-03-15 2019-09-19 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Système de commande de batterie et véhicule de type à selle
JPWO2020230204A1 (ja) * 2019-05-10 2021-12-23 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 ニッケル亜鉛電池
CN111030228B (zh) * 2019-12-23 2021-10-08 靳普 一种多模式充电方法

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JP2013099204A (ja) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-20 Maspro Denkoh Corp 無停電電源装置

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CN110601341A (zh) * 2018-06-12 2019-12-20 硕天科技股份有限公司 不断电***
CN110611124A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-24 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 一种锂离子电池的微电预充活化方法
JP7517661B2 (ja) 2020-11-25 2024-07-17 エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド バッテリー管理装置及び方法

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