WO2017212138A1 - Safety by thermal control - Google Patents

Safety by thermal control Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017212138A1
WO2017212138A1 PCT/FR2017/051306 FR2017051306W WO2017212138A1 WO 2017212138 A1 WO2017212138 A1 WO 2017212138A1 FR 2017051306 W FR2017051306 W FR 2017051306W WO 2017212138 A1 WO2017212138 A1 WO 2017212138A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mechanical system
temperature
shutter
disengageable
securing device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2017/051306
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Enzo MITIDIERI
Jean-Paul Herlem
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Publication of WO2017212138A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017212138A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/08—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor
    • B60K11/085—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor with adjustable shutters or blinds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Definitions

  • the description relates in particular to the field of shutter devices for the front faces of motor vehicles, also called active shutters of calenders, or devices for controlling air intakes.
  • Such a device is sometimes referred to by the acronym AGS, derived from the English expression "Active Grille Shutter”.
  • the aerodynamics of a motor vehicle is an important feature because it influences in particular the fuel consumption (and therefore the pollution) as well as the performance of said vehicle. This is particularly important when the motor vehicle is traveling at high speed.
  • a shutter device for the front face makes it possible to open or close the access to the air via a radiator grille of a motor vehicle.
  • the air In the open position, the air can circulate through the shell and participate in cooling the engine of the motor vehicle.
  • the AGS therefore reduces energy consumption and pollution when the engine does not need to be cooled by outside air.
  • the front faces of motor vehicles are generally composed of two main air inlets called high and low lane. These two tracks are usually separated by a beam for protection against shocks (bumper beam).
  • the heat exchangers of the motor vehicle are generally arranged behind this beam.
  • a shutter device for the front face usually includes shutters controlled by an actuator on the front face to reduce the coefficient drag and also improve cooling and air conditioning performance.
  • These flaps are usually flat, and are generally oriented vertically (in a reference system of the motor vehicle in which they are mounted) in the closed position and horizontally (in this same frame) in the open position.
  • These flaps, pivoting can move between the open position, in which the plane formed by each flap is parallel to the flow of air entering the motor vehicle and the closed position, in which the plane constituted by each flap is perpendicular to the flow air.
  • this system does not necessarily detect all possible faults, but usually focuses on failures for which sensors have been installed (eg a failure of the actuator motor).
  • this system is not necessarily reversible, and it is sometimes necessary to intervene manually to re-engage the flaps after triggering the release. The invention aims to improve the situation.
  • the invention relates in particular to a securing device for a motor vehicle front end shutter provided with a disengageable flap, the security device comprising a reversibly reversible mechanical state system as a function of its temperature, said mechanical system being arranged to command a disengagement of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to an increase in its temperature, and to control a clutch of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to a drop in its temperature .
  • This security device is particularly advantageous in that it detects any problem likely to affect the cooling of a motor vehicle engine, when said mechanical system is placed in contact with an environment whose temperature is representative of the temperature of said heat engine, and thus adopts the temperature of this environment (or a nearby temperature). Indeed, such a problem results in a too high temperature of the engine. Such a temperature is detected in all circumstances, even in case of total electrical failure, since the detection is based on a physical principle, and does not require energy other than that resulting from the temperature variation detected to operate.
  • This device is also advantageous in that it is reversible. Indeed, when the temperature of the heat engine drops to an acceptable level, the flap is automatically engaged again, and can again be controlled by usual control means, assuming that they work (failing that, a cycle of clutches / clutches is likely to settle in order to protect the engine). It is important to distinguish the operation of clutch / disengagement of the shutter and the operation of opening / closing the component, even if in certain cases these two operations may be linked.
  • the closure device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination.
  • the invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed in a coolant of the engine.
  • the invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed at the inlet of a heat engine radiator.
  • the invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed at the output of the engine.
  • the invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed in a hose connecting the radiator to the engine.
  • the invention relates in particular to a security device in which the mechanical system is a calorstat.
  • the invention relates in particular to a security device in which the mechanical system is a bimetallic strip.
  • the invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is a capsule containing a material expanding under the effect of heat.
  • the invention relates in particular to a securing device comprising a liquid, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, for compressing or expanding said liquid and thus forming a hydraulic control for disengaging or clutching the shutter switchable.
  • the invention relates in particular to a security device comprising a gas, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, for compressing or expanding said gas and thus forming a pneumatic control for disengaging or clutching the shutter switchable.
  • the invention relates in particular to a securing device comprising a mechanical part, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to pull or push said mechanical part and thus to control the disengagement or clutch of the disengageable flap .
  • the invention relates in particular to a front end shutter of a motor vehicle with a disengageable flap, the shutter comprising a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a security device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a bimetallic strip
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a security device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a heat sink, represented in two configurations;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a system comprising a securing device according to an embodiment of the invention, a radiator, and a front-end shutter of a motor vehicle;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a shutter on the front face of a disengageable motor vehicle
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a shutter opening system connected to a clutch for shutter of the front face of a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates, in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the bimetallic strip (the section is not to scale) a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a bimetallic strip.
  • a bimetallic strip is a device formed of two different material blades (for example metals or metal alloys), flexible, having different expansion coefficients, fixed against each other (for example welded or glued). Sometimes an invar blade and a nickel blade are used, but there are many possibilities. Invar is an alloy of 64% iron and 36% nickel, which has a very low coefficient of expansion. The different expansion of the two blades leads the bimetal to deform with temperature variations.
  • a bimetallic strip has the advantage of being of great precision (there are precise models at 0.5 ° C, in a range of 50 ° C to 150 ° C), of being very stable (very few drift in time), and to be powerful (it develops a significant force by its deformation following a change of temperature).
  • the bimetallic strip consists of two different metal strips, bonded over their entire surface by bonding at room temperature or when hot. Their expansion coefficients are different. Under the effect of a temperature variation, the difference in elongations between the two faces induces a curvature of the bimetallic strip.
  • bimetallic flip-flops At a given temperature, they have a sudden behavior similar to a disaster at mathematical meaning. They are often circular and stamped in the shape of a spherical cap or flat bottom plate and used in thermal safety thermostats, as actuators of electrical switches. They can also be rectangular or of any shape
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the securing device in two separate configurations. These configurations are both shown, superimposed on the same figure.
  • the bimetallic strip 101 is in a rectilinear configuration 101 a.
  • the bimetallic strip deforms due to a different expansion of its two blades, and adopts the configuration 101 b.
  • the deformation can be progressive (continuous) or abrupt (discontinuous). This deformation causes the bimetal to push a cable 102 flowing in a sheath 103.
  • the sheath 103 is fixed to a sheath stop 104.
  • An abnormal rise in temperature thus leads to push the cable 102 in the direction 105 More precisely, when passing from the configuration 101a to the configuration 101b, the bimetal moves the cable 102 inside the sheath 103, which in turn remains stationary in longitudinal translation (because it is integral with the sheath stop 104 ).
  • the sheath stop 104 is itself fixed to a stop 106.
  • the bimetal 106 are attached to a housing 107.
  • the bimetal is located partially inside the housing, and is sealed to the housing 107 by a seal 108.
  • the housing contains a liquid that may be at a temperature and pressure much higher than the temperature and pressure external to the housing 108 (which may correspond to the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere at the location where the security device is located).
  • the seal therefore fulfills an important role of sealing in addition to securing a fastener. It is above all for measuring the temperature inside the housing 107 that the bimetallic strip is used.
  • housing contains a liquid that may be at a temperature and pressure much higher than the temperature and pressure external to the housing 108 (which may correspond to the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere at the location where the security device is located).
  • the seal therefore fulfills an important role of sealing in addition to securing a fastener. It is above all for measuring the temperature inside the housing 107 that the bimetallic strip is used.
  • the housing 107 is intended to be installed between on the one hand a hose 109 connected to the output of a heat engine to be cooled (or to be connected directly to an output of the engine), and on the other hand to a hose 1 10 connected at the entrance of a radiator (or even to be connected directly to the entrance of this radiator).
  • the housing 107 is formed in a single hose connecting the output of the engine to the inlet of the radiator.
  • a fluid 1 1 1 for example a mixture of water and antifreeze
  • potentially hot is therefore likely to pass through the housing 107 and cause activation of the bimetal.
  • the cable 102 repulsed by the bimetallic strip is connected to a clutch (not shown), and disengages one (or more) flap (s) disengageable (s) when the temperature is too high. Once the shutter (s) disengaged (s), another mechanism allows if necessary to open the (s) flap (s) if (s) were not, in order to to ensure increased cooling.
  • a clutch not shown
  • an abnormal rise in temperature leads to push the cable, but it is possible to mount the device in the opposite direction so that an abnormal rise in temperature leads to pull the cable.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a security device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a calorstat, represented in two distinct configurations.
  • FIG. 2A shows a first configuration 200a, in normal use (the temperature does not exceed the limits provided).
  • FIG. 2B shows a configuration 200b in which the temperature of a heat engine protected by the safety device is abnormally high, and triggers a thermal actuator based on a heat sink.
  • the thermal actuator is normally in a configuration 200a.
  • the thermal actuator in this configuration comprises a calorstat delimited in FIG. 2A by an ellipse, but this ellipse is only there to identify the relevant elements (the calorstat), it does not represent a real element of the thermal actuator.
  • the thermal actuator detects a too high temperature, a moving part of the calorstat, held by a spring, is translated by compressing the spring (contrary to the case of use of a usual calorstat, this movement of translation is not intended to close a water pipe).
  • the thermal actuator is fixed in a housing 207 by means of a fastener 214 which could pass for a bulkhead in FIGS. 2A and 2B (due to the section shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) but which in reality obviously allows a fluid to pass through the housing 207, between the two lateral openings of said housing.
  • These two lateral openings are similar to the corresponding openings of the housing 107 of FIG. They can in particular be connected (directly or indirectly, for example via a hose) to an output of the heat engine and (respectively) to a radiator inlet of the heat engine.
  • the thermal actuator comprises a lever 201 rotatably mounted about an axis 212 and fixed to the calorstat.
  • This lever 201 is moved when the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold. Displacement can be gradual or abrupt.
  • the rotation of the lever 201 caused by the translation of the moving part of the calorstat leads to a translation of a cable 202 placed in a sheath 203, the cable 202 and its sheath 203 being fixed to the lever 201 by a cable anchor 204.
  • the sheath 203 is fixed to the lever 201 and moves with it, but according to an advantageous variant, the sheath is fixed to a stationary element relative to the housing and is not fixed to the lever.
  • the sheath is fixed to a stationary element relative to the housing and is not fixed to the lever.
  • the cable 202 pulled by the thermal actuator is connected to a clutch (not shown), and disengages one (or more) flap (s) disengageable (s) when the temperature is too high.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a system comprising a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a thermal actuator 300 and a cable 302 guided between two half-shells (not shown).
  • the cable 302 connects the thermal actuator 300 to a motor vehicle front end shutter 315, which is provided with a system of pivotable and disengageable flaps.
  • the cable 302 is connected to a clutch and allows to engage and disengage said shutters.
  • the thermal actuator 300 is placed at the inlet of a radiator 316 so as to trigger a disengagement of the flaps when the temperature of the water at the inlet of the radiator (temperature which is representative of the temperature of the heat engine) is too high.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a shutter on the front face of a disengageable motor vehicle.
  • the shutter comprises a frame 420 provided with shutters 421.
  • the shutters 421 are controlled by an actuator 422 (such as an electric motor).
  • the actuator 422 is connected to a stator 423 via a clutch 424.
  • This clutch is controlled by a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention. It is for example connected via a cable of the security device.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a shutter opening system connected to a clutch for a motor vehicle front end shutter. Other ways of opening a flap consecutively to a clutch are obviously possible.
  • the system comprises a stator 523 having a tapped hole 525 corresponding to a threaded rod 526 (Archimedes screw type).
  • This Archimedean screw is secured to a flap 521 free to rotate in a frame 520.
  • the stator 523 is progressively removed from the actuator (not shown) in the direction indicated by the arrow 527 until it is no longer driven by it.
  • the tapped hole 525 of the stator advances in the direction of the arrow 527, it causes by reaction a rotation 528 of the Archimedean screw, and therefore an opening of the flap 521. This allows air to be passed to further cool the engine.
  • the direction of the arrow 529 indicating the displacement of the stator for the opening of the flap is therefore the same as that which allows to disengage (arrow 527). It is thus possible, in a single movement, both to disengage the shutter of the actuator and to open the shutter.
  • a first embodiment relates to a securing device for a front shutter of a motor vehicle with a disengageable flap.
  • this shutter can include (and generally includes) several components, which are often interrelated.
  • a said pilot flap often interfaces with an actuator (such as an electric motor) of the front panel shutter.
  • the other components are then guided by the first component (pilot flap).
  • each component is guided individually, or that a collective guidance system guides all the components without one of the components playing a particular role in relation to the others.
  • disengageable means that the shutter can be detached from the actuator which controls the movements, so that the state of the actuator has more influence on the position of the shutter. In the case of a pilot flap, it is then sufficient to disengage the pilot flap to disengage all flaps.
  • the securing device comprises a mechanical system 101, 201, 300 reversibly changing state depending on its temperature.
  • the mechanical system is arranged to control a disengagement 105 of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to an increase in its temperature, and to control a clutch of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to a drop in temperature.
  • the mechanical system is arranged to change state between 90 ° C and 95 ° C.
  • the mechanical system is arranged to change state a few degrees (for example from 5 ° C to 10 ° C) above the temperature that triggers the activation of a cooling fan of the engine.
  • a mechanical system of a securing device is arranged to be placed in contact with an environment 1 1 1 whose temperature is representative of the temperature of a heat engine of the vehicle automobile.
  • an environment 1 1 1 whose temperature is representative of the temperature of a heat engine of the vehicle automobile.
  • the mechanical system of a securing device according to the first embodiment is arranged to be placed in a coolant (1 1 1) of the engine.
  • the coolant of the engine generally consisting of a mixture of water and antifreeze, constitutes an environment according to the first embodiment when its temperature is measured near the engine.
  • the mechanical system of a securing device is arranged to be placed at the inlet of a radiator 316 of the heat engine. This is advantageous because the entrance of the radiator is quite accessible. In addition, the coolant entering the radiator inlet just out of the engine, and has a temperature close enough to that of the engine. The measured temperature is therefore quite reliable (close to this engine thermal). According to another implementation, the mechanical system is placed in the radiator, near its entrance.
  • the mechanical system of a securing device according to the third embodiment is arranged to be placed at the output of the engine. This is advantageous because it is here that the measured temperature is the most reliable (ie the actual temperature of the engine). However, it is often more complex to install the mechanical system at this level, and the distance with the clutch of the vehicle front panel shutter is increased which complicates the transmission of clutch / disengage orders.
  • the mechanical system of a securing device according to the third embodiment is arranged to be placed in a hose connecting the radiator to the heat engine.
  • the mechanical system is placed at the radiator inlet but outside the radiator, for example in a hose connecting the radiator to the heat engine, as close as possible to the inlet of the radiator. This minimizes the changes to be made to the radiator, which is advantageous.
  • the mechanical system of a security device is a calorstat that can take configurations 200a, 200b.
  • a calorstat is considered (functionally) as a valve whose degree of openness depends on the temperature. Its conventional use is to isolate a heat engine from its radiator and its entire cooling circuit when the engine is cold, and to connect it gradually when the temperature increases. But in this case, the valve is not used to seal the passage of the fluid. It is even appropriate to provide a larger fluid passage at the level where the calorstat is placed so that its presence does not decrease the flow of the fluid in which it is bathed.
  • the calorstat is placed in the middle of a passage large enough that its presence and possible triggering has a negligible impact on the flow of fluid.
  • a mechanical part is mounted on the calorstat to transmit the expansion to the clutch of the front panel shutter.
  • the mechanical system of a security device is a bimetallic strip 101.
  • one part of the bimetallic strip is immersed in the coolant, and another part is on the outside, to transmit the movement related to the differentiated expansion of the bimetallic strip (or rather of the submerged part of the bimetallic strip). to the clutch of the front panel shutter.
  • the mechanical system of a securing device is a capsule containing a material expanding under the effect of heat.
  • This material is for example a wax that expands under the effect of heat.
  • These capsules are often sudden turning, that is to say that they often work in all or nothing: past a threshold, they open completely, and below this threshold they close completely.
  • a securing device according to one of the first and the ninth embodiments comprises a liquid.
  • the mechanical system is arranged, during a change of state, to compress or expand said liquid and thereby form a hydraulic control disengagement or clutch disengageable flap. Such a command is extremely reliable but quite expensive.
  • a securing device comprises a gas, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to compress or expand said gas and thus to form a pneumatic control for disengaging or clutching the disengageable flap.
  • This mechanical part is for example a cable, a rod or a connecting rod.
  • the mechanical system is arranged, during a change of state, to pull or push said mechanical part and thus control the disengagement or clutch of the disengageable flap.
  • the use of a cable is advantageous because it is implementation fairly simple and relatively reliable.
  • a front end shutter of a motor vehicle with a disengageable flap comprises a securing device according to one of the first to the twelfth embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

The description relates in particular to a safety device for a front face shutter of a motor vehicle provided with a flap that can be disengaged. The safety device comprises a mechanical system (101, 201, 300) that changes state reversibly as a function of its temperature. The mechanical system is arranged so as to order said disengageable flap to disengage (105) when it changes state owing to an increase in its temperature, and so as to order said disengageable flap to engage when it changes state owing to a decrease in its temperature.

Description

SECURITE PAR COMMANDE THERMIQUE  SAFETY THERMAL CONTROL
La description concerne notamment le domaine des dispositifs d'obturation pour faces avant de véhicules automobiles, également appelés obturateurs actifs de calandres, ou encore dispositifs de contrôle d'entrées d'air. Un tel dispositif est parfois désigné par l'acronyme AGS, provenant de l'expression de langue anglaise "Active Grille Shutter" (obturateur actif de calandre). The description relates in particular to the field of shutter devices for the front faces of motor vehicles, also called active shutters of calenders, or devices for controlling air intakes. Such a device is sometimes referred to by the acronym AGS, derived from the English expression "Active Grille Shutter".
L'aérodynamisme d'un véhicule automobile est une caractéristique importante car il influence notamment la consommation de carburant (et donc la pollution) ainsi que les performances dudit véhicule. Ceci est particulièrement important lorsque le véhicule automobile se déplace à haute vitesse. The aerodynamics of a motor vehicle is an important feature because it influences in particular the fuel consumption (and therefore the pollution) as well as the performance of said vehicle. This is particularly important when the motor vehicle is traveling at high speed.
Un dispositif d'obturation pour face avant permet d'ouvrir ou de fermer l'accès de l'air via une calandre de véhicule automobile. En position ouverte, l'air peut circuler à travers la calandre et participer au refroidissement du moteur du véhicule automobile. En position fermée, l'air ne pénètre pas via la calandre ce qui réduit la traînée et permet ainsi de réduire la consommation de carburant et l'émission de C02. L'AGS permet donc de réduire la consommation d'énergie et la pollution lorsque le moteur n'a pas besoin d'être refroidi par l'air extérieur. A shutter device for the front face makes it possible to open or close the access to the air via a radiator grille of a motor vehicle. In the open position, the air can circulate through the shell and participate in cooling the engine of the motor vehicle. In the closed position, air does not enter via the grille, which reduces drag and thus reduces fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The AGS therefore reduces energy consumption and pollution when the engine does not need to be cooled by outside air.
Les faces avant des véhicules automobiles sont généralement composées de deux entrées d'air principales dites voie haute et voie basse. Ces deux voies sont généralement séparées par une poutre pour la protection contre les chocs (poutre de pare-chocs). The front faces of motor vehicles are generally composed of two main air inlets called high and low lane. These two tracks are usually separated by a beam for protection against shocks (bumper beam).
Les échangeurs de chaleur du véhicule automobile sont généralement disposés derrière cette poutre. The heat exchangers of the motor vehicle are generally arranged behind this beam.
Un dispositif d'obturation pour face avant comprend habituellement des volets pilotés par un actionneur en face avant afin de réduire le coefficient de traînée et aussi d'améliorer les performances de refroidissement et de climatisation. Ces volets sont habituellement plans, et sont généralement orientés verticalement (dans un référentiel du véhicule automobile dans lequel ils sont montés) en position fermée et horizontalement (dans ce même référentiel) en position ouverte. Ces volets, pivotants, peuvent se déplacer entre la position ouverte, dans laquelle le plan que constitue chaque volet est parallèle au flux d'air entrant dans le véhicule automobile et la position fermée, dans laquelle le plan que constitue chaque volet est perpendiculaire au flux d'air. Ainsi, par temps froid, on peut fermer les volets ce qui permet de chauffer plus vite le moteur ainsi que l'habitacle, puis ouvrir ces volets en fonction des besoins de refroidissement du moteur et ou de l'habitacle. A shutter device for the front face usually includes shutters controlled by an actuator on the front face to reduce the coefficient drag and also improve cooling and air conditioning performance. These flaps are usually flat, and are generally oriented vertically (in a reference system of the motor vehicle in which they are mounted) in the closed position and horizontally (in this same frame) in the open position. These flaps, pivoting, can move between the open position, in which the plane formed by each flap is parallel to the flow of air entering the motor vehicle and the closed position, in which the plane constituted by each flap is perpendicular to the flow air. Thus, in cold weather, we can close the shutters which allows to heat faster engine and the passenger compartment, then open the shutters according to the cooling needs of the engine and or the passenger compartment.
Il arrive qu'une panne affecte l'ouverture des volets. Dans ce cas, il existe un risque que les volets soient restés en position fermée lors de la panne, et que le moteur thermique ne soit alors plus refroidi, ce qui peut conduire à l'endommager voire à le détruire. Pour y remédier, il est connu de déconnecter les volets de l'actionneur par une opération de débrayage des volets. Mais encore faut-il détecter la panne et commander ce débrayage. A cette fin, il est connu d'installer divers capteurs afin de détecter diverses pannes (telles qu'une panne de l'actionneur). Un microprocesseur connecté à ces capteurs peut alors, lorsqu'une panne lui est signalée, commander le débrayage, par exemple grâce à un moteur électrique. Mais ce système est complexe. Il est donc lui-même susceptible de tomber en panne pour de multiples raisons y compris extérieures (par exemple un problème électrique affectant son alimentation). De plus, ce système ne détecte pas nécessairement toutes les pannes envisageables, mais se concentre habituellement sur les pannes pour lesquelles des capteurs ont été installés (par exemple une panne du moteur de l'actionneur). Enfin, ce système n'est pas nécessairement réversible, et il est parfois nécessaire d'intervenir manuellement pour ré-embrayer les volets après un déclenchement du débrayage. L'invention vise à améliorer la situation. Sometimes a failure affects the opening of the shutters. In this case, there is a risk that the flaps have remained in the closed position during the failure, and that the heat engine is then no longer cooled, which can lead to damage or destruction. To remedy this, it is known to disconnect the flaps of the actuator by a shutter release operation. But still it is necessary to detect the failure and to control this disengagement. To this end, it is known to install various sensors to detect various faults (such as a failure of the actuator). A microprocessor connected to these sensors can then, when a failure is reported to him, to control the disengagement, for example by means of an electric motor. But this system is complex. It is therefore likely to fail for many reasons including external (eg an electrical problem affecting its power). In addition, this system does not necessarily detect all possible faults, but usually focuses on failures for which sensors have been installed (eg a failure of the actuator motor). Finally, this system is not necessarily reversible, and it is sometimes necessary to intervene manually to re-engage the flaps after triggering the release. The invention aims to improve the situation.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation pour obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile muni d'un volet débrayable, le dispositif de sécurisation comprenant un système mécanique changeant d'état de façon réversible en fonction de sa température, ledit système mécanique étant agencé pour commander un débrayage dudit volet débrayable lorsqu'il change d'état en raison d'une élévation de sa température, et pour commander un embrayage dudit volet débrayable lorsqu'il change d'état en raison d'une baisse de sa température. The invention relates in particular to a securing device for a motor vehicle front end shutter provided with a disengageable flap, the security device comprising a reversibly reversible mechanical state system as a function of its temperature, said mechanical system being arranged to command a disengagement of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to an increase in its temperature, and to control a clutch of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to a drop in its temperature .
Ce dispositif de sécurisation est avantageux notamment en ce qu'il détecte tout problème susceptible d'affecter le refroidissement d'un moteur thermique du véhicule automobile, lorsque ledit système mécanique est placé en contact avec un environnement dont la température est représentative de la température dudit moteur thermique, et adopte ainsi la température de cet environnement (ou une température proche). En effet, un tel problème se traduit par une température trop élevée du moteur. Une telle température est détectée en toute circonstance, même en cas de panne électrique totale, puisque la détection s'appuie sur un principe physique, et ne nécessite pas d'énergie autre que celle résultant de la variation de température détectée pour fonctionner. This security device is particularly advantageous in that it detects any problem likely to affect the cooling of a motor vehicle engine, when said mechanical system is placed in contact with an environment whose temperature is representative of the temperature of said heat engine, and thus adopts the temperature of this environment (or a nearby temperature). Indeed, such a problem results in a too high temperature of the engine. Such a temperature is detected in all circumstances, even in case of total electrical failure, since the detection is based on a physical principle, and does not require energy other than that resulting from the temperature variation detected to operate.
Ce dispositif est également avantageux en ce qu'il est réversible. En effet, lorsque la température du moteur thermique redescend à un niveau acceptable, le volet est automatiquement embrayé à nouveau, et peut à nouveau être contrôlé par des moyens de contrôle habituels, à supposer que ceux-ci fonctionnent (à défaut, un cycle de débrayages / embrayages est susceptible de s'installer, afin de protéger le moteur thermique). Il convient de bien distinguer l'opération d'embrayage / débrayage du volet et l'opération d'ouverture / fermeture du volet, même si dans certaines hypothèses ces deux opérations peuvent être liées. This device is also advantageous in that it is reversible. Indeed, when the temperature of the heat engine drops to an acceptable level, the flap is automatically engaged again, and can again be controlled by usual control means, assuming that they work (failing that, a cycle of clutches / clutches is likely to settle in order to protect the engine). It is important to distinguish the operation of clutch / disengagement of the shutter and the operation of opening / closing the component, even if in certain cases these two operations may be linked.
Le dispositif d'obturation selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prises seules ou en combinaison. The closure device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé dans un liquide de refroidissement du moteur thermique. The invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed in a coolant of the engine.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé à l'entrée d'un radiateur du moteur thermique. The invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed at the inlet of a heat engine radiator.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé à la sortie du moteur thermique. The invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed at the output of the engine.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé dans une durit reliant le radiateur au moteur thermique. The invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed in a hose connecting the radiator to the engine.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est un calorstat. The invention relates in particular to a security device in which the mechanical system is a calorstat.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est un bilame. The invention relates in particular to a security device in which the mechanical system is a bimetallic strip.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation dans lequel le système mécanique est une capsule contenant une matière se dilatant sous l'effet de la chaleur. The invention relates in particular to a safety device in which the mechanical system is a capsule containing a material expanding under the effect of heat.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation comprenant un liquide, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour comprimer ou dilater ledit liquide et former ainsi une commande hydraulique de débrayage ou d'embrayage du volet débrayable. L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation comprenant un gaz, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour comprimer ou dilater ledit gaz et former ainsi une commande pneumatique de débrayage ou d'embrayage du volet débrayable. The invention relates in particular to a securing device comprising a liquid, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, for compressing or expanding said liquid and thus forming a hydraulic control for disengaging or clutching the shutter switchable. The invention relates in particular to a security device comprising a gas, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, for compressing or expanding said gas and thus forming a pneumatic control for disengaging or clutching the shutter switchable.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de sécurisation comprenant une pièce mécanique, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour tirer ou pousser ladite pièce mécanique et commander ainsi le débrayage ou l'embrayage du volet débrayable. The invention relates in particular to a securing device comprising a mechanical part, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to pull or push said mechanical part and thus to control the disengagement or clutch of the disengageable flap .
L'invention se rapporte notamment à un obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile muni d'un volet débrayable, l'obturateur comprenant un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. The invention relates in particular to a front end shutter of a motor vehicle with a disengageable flap, the shutter comprising a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre. Celle-ci est purement illustrative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows. This is purely illustrative and should be read in conjunction with the attached drawings in which:
- la figure 1 illustre un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, basé sur un bilame ; FIG. 1 illustrates a security device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a bimetallic strip;
- les figures 2A et 2B illustrent un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, basé sur un calorstat, représenté dans deux configurations ; FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a security device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a heat sink, represented in two configurations;
- la figure 3 illustre un système comprenant un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un radiateur, et un obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile ; FIG. 3 illustrates a system comprising a securing device according to an embodiment of the invention, a radiator, and a front-end shutter of a motor vehicle;
- la figure 4 illustre un obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile débrayable ; FIG. 4 illustrates a shutter on the front face of a disengageable motor vehicle;
- la figure 5 illustre un système d'ouverture de volet relié à un embrayage pour obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile. Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque élément mentionné dans le cadre d'un mode de réalisation ne concerne que ce même mode de réalisation, ou que des caractéristiques de ce mode de réalisation s'appliquent seulement à ce mode de réalisation. - Figure 5 illustrates a shutter opening system connected to a clutch for shutter of the front face of a motor vehicle. The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each element mentioned in the context of an embodiment relates only to this same embodiment, or that features of this embodiment apply only to this embodiment.
La figure 1 illustre de façon schématique, en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire au plan du bilame (la coupe n'est pas à l'échelle) un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, basé sur un bilame. Un bilame est un dispositif formé de deux lames de matériaux (par exemple métaux ou alliages de métaux) différents, souples, ayant des coefficients de dilatation différents, fixées l'une contre l'autre (par exemple soudées ou collées). On utilise parfois une lame en invar et une lame en nickel, mais de multiples possibilités existent. L'invar est un alliage de 64% de fer et de 36% de nickel, qui présente un coefficient de dilatation très faible. La dilatation différente des deux lames conduit le bilame à se déformer avec les variations de température. Un bilame présente l'avantage d'être d'une grande précision (il existe des modèles précis à 0,5°C près, dans une plage de 50°C à 150°C), d'être très stable (très peu de dérive dans le temps), et d'être puissant (il développe une force importante par sa déformation consécutive à un changement de température). Figure 1 schematically illustrates, in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the bimetallic strip (the section is not to scale) a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a bimetallic strip. A bimetallic strip is a device formed of two different material blades (for example metals or metal alloys), flexible, having different expansion coefficients, fixed against each other (for example welded or glued). Sometimes an invar blade and a nickel blade are used, but there are many possibilities. Invar is an alloy of 64% iron and 36% nickel, which has a very low coefficient of expansion. The different expansion of the two blades leads the bimetal to deform with temperature variations. A bimetallic strip has the advantage of being of great precision (there are precise models at 0.5 ° C, in a range of 50 ° C to 150 ° C), of being very stable (very few drift in time), and to be powerful (it develops a significant force by its deformation following a change of temperature).
Il existe des bilames à déflexion lente. Le bilame est constitué de deux bandes de métaux différents, liées sur toute leur surface par colaminage à la température ambiante ou à chaud. Leurs coefficients de dilatation sont différents. Sous l'effet d'une variation de température, la différence des allongements entre les deux faces induit une courbure du bilame. There are bimetallis with slow deflection. The bimetallic strip consists of two different metal strips, bonded over their entire surface by bonding at room temperature or when hot. Their expansion coefficients are different. Under the effect of a temperature variation, the difference in elongations between the two faces induces a curvature of the bimetallic strip.
Il existe aussi des bilames à retournement brusque. À une température donnée, ils ont un comportement brusque semblable à une catastrophe au sens mathématique. Ils sont souvent circulaires et emboutis en forme de calotte sphérique ou d'assiette à fond plat et utilisés dans les thermostats de sécurité thermique, comme actionneurs d'interrupteurs électriques. Ils peuvent aussi être rectangulaires ou de forme quelconque There are also bimetallic flip-flops. At a given temperature, they have a sudden behavior similar to a disaster at mathematical meaning. They are often circular and stamped in the shape of a spherical cap or flat bottom plate and used in thermal safety thermostats, as actuators of electrical switches. They can also be rectangular or of any shape
La figure 1 illustre le dispositif de sécurisation dans deux configurations distinctes. Ces configurations sont représentées toutes deux, de façon superposée, sur la même figure. A température normale de fonctionnement, le bilame 101 se trouve dans une configuration rectiligne 101 a. En cas de température excessive, le bilame se déforme en raison d'une dilation différente de ses deux lames, et adopte la configuration 101 b. La déformation peut être progressive (continue) ou brusque (discontinue). Cette déformation conduit le bilame à pousser un câble 102 circulant dans une gaine 103. La gaine 103 est fixée à un arrêt de gaine 104. Une élévation anormale de température (détectée par le bilame) conduit donc à pousser le câble 102 dans la direction 105. Plus précisément, en passant de la configuration 101 a à la configuration 101 b, le bilame déplace le câble 102 à l'intérieur de la gaine 103 qui quant à elle reste immobile en translation longitudinale (car solidaire de l'arrêt de gaine 104). L'arrêt de gaine 104 est lui-même fixé à une butée 106. Le bilame comme la butéeFigure 1 illustrates the securing device in two separate configurations. These configurations are both shown, superimposed on the same figure. At normal operating temperature, the bimetallic strip 101 is in a rectilinear configuration 101 a. In case of excessive temperature, the bimetallic strip deforms due to a different expansion of its two blades, and adopts the configuration 101 b. The deformation can be progressive (continuous) or abrupt (discontinuous). This deformation causes the bimetal to push a cable 102 flowing in a sheath 103. The sheath 103 is fixed to a sheath stop 104. An abnormal rise in temperature (detected by the bimetallic strip) thus leads to push the cable 102 in the direction 105 More precisely, when passing from the configuration 101a to the configuration 101b, the bimetal moves the cable 102 inside the sheath 103, which in turn remains stationary in longitudinal translation (because it is integral with the sheath stop 104 ). The sheath stop 104 is itself fixed to a stop 106. The bimetal as the stop
106 sont fixés sur un logement 107. Le bilame se situe partiellement à l'intérieur du logement, et est scellé au logement 107 par un scellement 108. En effet, le logement contient un liquide susceptible d'être à une température et à une pression très supérieures à la température et à la pression externes au logement 108 (pouvant correspondre à la température et à la pression de l'atmosphère au lieu où se trouve le dispositif de sécurisation). Le scellement remplit donc un rôle important d'étanchéité en plus d'assurer une fixation. C'est avant tout pour mesurer la température à l'intérieur du logement 107 que l'on utilise le bilame. En effet, le logement106 are attached to a housing 107. The bimetal is located partially inside the housing, and is sealed to the housing 107 by a seal 108. Indeed, the housing contains a liquid that may be at a temperature and pressure much higher than the temperature and pressure external to the housing 108 (which may correspond to the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere at the location where the security device is located). The seal therefore fulfills an important role of sealing in addition to securing a fastener. It is above all for measuring the temperature inside the housing 107 that the bimetallic strip is used. In fact, housing
107 a vocation à être installé entre d'une part une durit 109 connectée à la sortie d'un moteur thermique à refroidir (voire à être connectée directement à une sortie du moteur thermique), et d'autre part à une durit 1 10 connectée à l'entrée d'un radiateur (voire à être connectée directement à l'entrée de ce radiateur). Alternativement, le logement 107 est formé dans une durit unique reliant la sortie du moteur thermique à l'entrée du radiateur. Un fluide 1 1 1 (par exemple un mélange d'eau et d'antigel), potentiellement brûlant (lorsque le moteur est très chaud), est donc susceptible de traverser le logement 107 et de provoquer une activation du bilame. Le câble 102 repoussé par le bilame est connecté à un embrayage (non représenté), et débraye un (ou plusieurs) volet(s) débrayable(s) lorsque la température est trop élevée. Une fois le(s) volet(s) débrayé(s), un autre mécanisme permet le cas échéant d'ouvrir le(s) volet(s) s'il(s) ne l'étai(en)t pas, afin d'assurer un refroidissement accru. Sur la figure 1 , une élévation anormale de température conduit à pousser le câble, mais il est possible de monter le dispositif en sens inverse afin qu'une élévation anormale de température conduise à tirer le câble. 107 is intended to be installed between on the one hand a hose 109 connected to the output of a heat engine to be cooled (or to be connected directly to an output of the engine), and on the other hand to a hose 1 10 connected at the entrance of a radiator (or even to be connected directly to the entrance of this radiator). Alternatively, the housing 107 is formed in a single hose connecting the output of the engine to the inlet of the radiator. A fluid 1 1 1 (for example a mixture of water and antifreeze), potentially hot (when the engine is very hot), is therefore likely to pass through the housing 107 and cause activation of the bimetal. The cable 102 repulsed by the bimetallic strip is connected to a clutch (not shown), and disengages one (or more) flap (s) disengageable (s) when the temperature is too high. Once the shutter (s) disengaged (s), another mechanism allows if necessary to open the (s) flap (s) if (s) were not, in order to to ensure increased cooling. In Figure 1, an abnormal rise in temperature leads to push the cable, but it is possible to mount the device in the opposite direction so that an abnormal rise in temperature leads to pull the cable.
Les figures 2A et 2B illustrent un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, basé sur un calorstat, représenté dans deux configurations distinctes. FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a security device according to one embodiment of the invention, based on a calorstat, represented in two distinct configurations.
La figure 2A représente une première configuration 200a, en usage normal (la température ne dépasse pas les limites prévues). La figure 2B représente une configuration 200b dans laquelle la température d'un moteur thermique protégé par le dispositif de sécurisation est anormalement élevée, et déclenche un actionneur thermique basé sur un calorstat. Figure 2A shows a first configuration 200a, in normal use (the temperature does not exceed the limits provided). FIG. 2B shows a configuration 200b in which the temperature of a heat engine protected by the safety device is abnormally high, and triggers a thermal actuator based on a heat sink.
L'actionneur thermique se trouve normalement dans une configuration 200a. L'actionneur thermique dans cette configuration comprend un calorstat délimité sur la figure 2A par une ellipse, mais cette ellipse n'est là que pour identifier les éléments pertinents (le calorstat), elle ne représente pas un élément réel de l'actionneur thermique. Lorsque l'actionneur thermique détecte une température trop élevée, une partie mobile du calorstat, retenue par un ressort, se translate en compressant le ressort (contrairement au cas d'usage d'un calorstat usuel, ce mouvement de translation n'a pas vocation à obturer une conduite d'eau). The thermal actuator is normally in a configuration 200a. The thermal actuator in this configuration comprises a calorstat delimited in FIG. 2A by an ellipse, but this ellipse is only there to identify the relevant elements (the calorstat), it does not represent a real element of the thermal actuator. When the thermal actuator detects a too high temperature, a moving part of the calorstat, held by a spring, is translated by compressing the spring (contrary to the case of use of a usual calorstat, this movement of translation is not intended to close a water pipe).
L'actionneur thermique est fixé dans un logement 207 à l'aide d'une fixation 214 qui pourrait passer pour une cloison étanche sur les figures 2A et 2B (en raison de la coupe représentée sur les figures 2A et 2B) mais qui en réalité laisse évidemment passer un fluide à travers le logement 207, entre les deux ouvertures latérales dudit logement. Ces deux ouvertures latérales sont similaires aux ouvertures correspondantes du logement 107 de la figure 1 . Elles peuvent notamment être connectées (directement ou indirectement, par exemple via une durit) à une sortie du moteur thermique et (respectivement) à une entrée de radiateur du moteur thermique. The thermal actuator is fixed in a housing 207 by means of a fastener 214 which could pass for a bulkhead in FIGS. 2A and 2B (due to the section shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) but which in reality obviously allows a fluid to pass through the housing 207, between the two lateral openings of said housing. These two lateral openings are similar to the corresponding openings of the housing 107 of FIG. They can in particular be connected (directly or indirectly, for example via a hose) to an output of the heat engine and (respectively) to a radiator inlet of the heat engine.
L'actionneur thermique comprend un levier 201 monté en rotation autour d'un axe 212 et fixé au calorstat. Ce levier 201 est déplacé lorsque la température dépasse un seuil prédéterminé. Le déplacement peut être progressif ou brusque. La rotation du levier 201 provoquée par la translation de la partie mobile du calorstat conduit à une translation d'un câble 202 placé dans une gaine 203, le câble 202 et sa gaine 203 étant fixés au levier 201 par un ancrage de câble 204. The thermal actuator comprises a lever 201 rotatably mounted about an axis 212 and fixed to the calorstat. This lever 201 is moved when the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold. Displacement can be gradual or abrupt. The rotation of the lever 201 caused by the translation of the moving part of the calorstat leads to a translation of a cable 202 placed in a sheath 203, the cable 202 and its sheath 203 being fixed to the lever 201 by a cable anchor 204.
Sur les figures 2A et 2B, la gaine 203 est fixée au levier 201 et se déplace avec lui, mais selon une variante avantageuse, la gaine est fixée à un élément immobile par rapport au logement et n'est pas fixée au levier. Ainsi, lorsque, sur la figure 2B, une élévation anormale de température conduit à tirer le câble 202 (dans la direction 213), le câble serait (selon la variante avantageuse considérée) mis à nu sur la portion correspondant à la longueur de câble tirée, en se translatant au sein de sa gaine 203 immobile. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, the sheath 203 is fixed to the lever 201 and moves with it, but according to an advantageous variant, the sheath is fixed to a stationary element relative to the housing and is not fixed to the lever. Thus, when, in FIG. 2B, an abnormal rise in temperature leads to pulling the cable 202 (in the direction 213), the cable would be (according to the advantageous variant considered) exposed on the portion corresponding to the cable length drawn. , by translating itself within its sheath 203 motionless.
Le câble 202 tiré par l'actionneur thermique est connecté à un embrayage (non représenté), et débraye un (ou plusieurs) volet(s) débrayable(s) lorsque la température est trop élevée. The cable 202 pulled by the thermal actuator is connected to a clutch (not shown), and disengages one (or more) flap (s) disengageable (s) when the temperature is too high.
Sur les figures 2A et 2B, une élévation anormale de température conduit à tirer le câble, mais il est possible de monter le dispositif en sens inverse afin qu'une élévation anormale de température conduise à pousser le câble. La figure 3 illustre un système comprenant un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, comprenant un actionneur thermique 300 et un câble 302 guidé entre deux demi-coquilles (non représentées). Le câble 302 relie l'actionneur thermique 300 à un obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile 315, qui est muni d'un système de volets pivotables et débrayables. Le câble 302 est raccordé à un embrayage et permet d'embrayer et de débrayer lesdits volets. L'actionneur thermique 300 est placé à l'entrée d'un radiateur 316 de sorte à déclencher un débrayage des volets lorsque la température de l'eau à l'entrée du radiateur (température qui est représentative de la température du moteur thermique) est trop élevée. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, an abnormal rise in temperature leads to pulling the cable, but it is possible to mount the device in the opposite direction so that an abnormal rise in temperature leads to pushing the cable. FIG. 3 illustrates a system comprising a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a thermal actuator 300 and a cable 302 guided between two half-shells (not shown). The cable 302 connects the thermal actuator 300 to a motor vehicle front end shutter 315, which is provided with a system of pivotable and disengageable flaps. The cable 302 is connected to a clutch and allows to engage and disengage said shutters. The thermal actuator 300 is placed at the inlet of a radiator 316 so as to trigger a disengagement of the flaps when the temperature of the water at the inlet of the radiator (temperature which is representative of the temperature of the heat engine) is too high.
La figure 4 illustre un obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile débrayable. L'obturateur comprend un cadre 420 muni de volets 421 . Les volets 421 sont pilotés par un actionneur 422 (tel qu'un moteur électrique). L'actionneur 422 est relié à un stator 423 par l'intermédiaire d'un embrayage 424. Cet embrayage est commandé par un dispositif de sécurisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Il lui est par exemple relié via un câble du dispositif de sécurisation. FIG. 4 illustrates a shutter on the front face of a disengageable motor vehicle. The shutter comprises a frame 420 provided with shutters 421. The shutters 421 are controlled by an actuator 422 (such as an electric motor). The actuator 422 is connected to a stator 423 via a clutch 424. This clutch is controlled by a securing device according to one embodiment of the invention. It is for example connected via a cable of the security device.
La figure 5 illustre un système d'ouverture de volet relié à un embrayage pour obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile. D'autres modes d'ouverture d'un volet consécutivement à un débrayage sont évidemment possibles. FIG. 5 illustrates a shutter opening system connected to a clutch for a motor vehicle front end shutter. Other ways of opening a flap consecutively to a clutch are obviously possible.
Le système comprend un stator 523 comportant un trou taraudé 525 correspondant à une tige filetée 526 (de type vis d'Archimède). Cette vis d'Archimède est solidaire d'un volet 521 libre en rotation dans un cadre 520. Lors du débrayage, le stator 523 est progressivement éloigné de l'actionneur (non représenté), dans le sens indiqué par la flèche 527, jusqu'à ne plus être entraîné par lui. Lorsque le trou taraudé 525 du stator avance dans le sens de la flèche 527, il entraîne par réaction une rotation 528 de la vis d'Archimède, et donc une ouverture du volet 521 . Ceci permet de faire passer de l'air pour refroidir davantage le moteur thermique. Le sens de la flèche 529 indiquant le déplacement du stator pour l'ouverture du volet est donc le même que celui qui permet de débrayer (flèche 527). Il est ainsi possible, dans un seul mouvement, à la fois de débrayer le volet de l'actionneur et d'ouvrir le volet. The system comprises a stator 523 having a tapped hole 525 corresponding to a threaded rod 526 (Archimedes screw type). This Archimedean screw is secured to a flap 521 free to rotate in a frame 520. During disengagement, the stator 523 is progressively removed from the actuator (not shown) in the direction indicated by the arrow 527 until it is no longer driven by it. When the tapped hole 525 of the stator advances in the direction of the arrow 527, it causes by reaction a rotation 528 of the Archimedean screw, and therefore an opening of the flap 521. This allows air to be passed to further cool the engine. The direction of the arrow 529 indicating the displacement of the stator for the opening of the flap is therefore the same as that which allows to disengage (arrow 527). It is thus possible, in a single movement, both to disengage the shutter of the actuator and to open the shutter.
Un premier mode de réalisation concerne un dispositif de sécurisation pour obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile muni d'un volet débrayable. Bien entendu, cet obturateur peut comprendre (et comprend en général) plusieurs volets, qui sont souvent liés entre eux. Un volet dit pilote réalise souvent l'interface avec un actionneur (tel qu'un moteur électrique) de l'obturateur de face avant. Les autres volets sont alors guidés par le premier volet (volet pilote). Mais il est également possible que chaque volet soit guidé individuellement, ou qu'un système de guidage collectif guide l'ensemble des volets sans que l'un des volets ne joue de rôle particulier par rapport aux autres. A first embodiment relates to a securing device for a front shutter of a motor vehicle with a disengageable flap. Of course, this shutter can include (and generally includes) several components, which are often interrelated. A said pilot flap often interfaces with an actuator (such as an electric motor) of the front panel shutter. The other components are then guided by the first component (pilot flap). But it is also possible that each component is guided individually, or that a collective guidance system guides all the components without one of the components playing a particular role in relation to the others.
Par débrayable, on entend que le volet peut être désolidarisé de l'actionneur qui en commande les mouvements, de sorte que l'état de l'actionneur n'ait plus d'influence sur la position du volet. En cas de volet pilote, il suffit alors de débrayer le volet pilote pour débrayer tous les volets. By disengageable means that the shutter can be detached from the actuator which controls the movements, so that the state of the actuator has more influence on the position of the shutter. In the case of a pilot flap, it is then sufficient to disengage the pilot flap to disengage all flaps.
Le dispositif de sécurisation comprend un système mécanique 101 , 201 , 300 changeant d'état de façon réversible en fonction de sa température. The securing device comprises a mechanical system 101, 201, 300 reversibly changing state depending on its temperature.
Le système mécanique est agencé pour commander un débrayage 105 dudit volet débrayable lorsqu'il change d'état en raison d'une élévation de sa température, et pour commander un embrayage dudit volet débrayable lorsqu'il change d'état en raison d'une baisse de sa température. Selon une mise en œuvre possible, le système mécanique est agencé pour changer d'état entre 90 °C et 95 °C. Selon une mise en œuvre, le système mécanique est agencé pour changer d'état quelques degrés (par exemple de 5°C à 10°C) au dessus de la température qui déclenche l'activation d'un ventilateur de refroidissement du moteur thermique. The mechanical system is arranged to control a disengagement 105 of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to an increase in its temperature, and to control a clutch of said disengageable flap when it changes state due to a drop in temperature. According to one possible implementation, the mechanical system is arranged to change state between 90 ° C and 95 ° C. According to one implementation, the mechanical system is arranged to change state a few degrees (for example from 5 ° C to 10 ° C) above the temperature that triggers the activation of a cooling fan of the engine.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, un système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon le premier mode de réalisation est agencé pour être placé en contact avec un environnement 1 1 1 dont la température est représentative de la température d'un moteur thermique du véhicule automobile. Par représentative, on entend qu'il est possible de déduire avec une précision satisfaisante la température du moteur thermique à partir de la température de l'environnement considéré. According to a second embodiment, a mechanical system of a securing device according to the first embodiment is arranged to be placed in contact with an environment 1 1 1 whose temperature is representative of the temperature of a heat engine of the vehicle automobile. By representative, it is meant that it is possible to deduce with satisfactory accuracy the temperature of the engine from the temperature of the environment.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon le premier mode de réalisation est agencé pour être placé dans un liquide de refroidissement (1 1 1 ) du moteur thermique. Le liquide de refroidissement du moteur thermique, généralement constitué d'un mélange d'eau et d'antigel, constitue un environnement selon le premier mode de réalisation lorsque sa température est mesurée à proximité du moteur. According to a third embodiment, the mechanical system of a securing device according to the first embodiment is arranged to be placed in a coolant (1 1 1) of the engine. The coolant of the engine, generally consisting of a mixture of water and antifreeze, constitutes an environment according to the first embodiment when its temperature is measured near the engine.
Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon le troisième mode de réalisation est agencé pour être placé à l'entrée d'un radiateur 316 du moteur thermique. Ceci est avantageux car l'entrée du radiateur est assez accessible. De plus, le liquide de refroidissement qui pénètre à l'entrée du radiateur sort juste du moteur, et a une température assez proche de celle du moteur. La température mesurée est donc assez fiable (proche de cette du moteur thermique). Selon une autre mise en œuvre, le système mécanique est placé dans le radiateur, près de son entrée. According to a fourth embodiment, the mechanical system of a securing device according to the third embodiment is arranged to be placed at the inlet of a radiator 316 of the heat engine. This is advantageous because the entrance of the radiator is quite accessible. In addition, the coolant entering the radiator inlet just out of the engine, and has a temperature close enough to that of the engine. The measured temperature is therefore quite reliable (close to this engine thermal). According to another implementation, the mechanical system is placed in the radiator, near its entrance.
Selon un cinquième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon le troisième mode de réalisation est agencé pour être placé à la sortie du moteur thermique. Ceci est avantageux car c'est à cet endroit que la température mesurée est la plus fiable (à savoir la température réelle du moteur thermique). Cependant, il est souvent plus complexe d'installer le système mécanique à ce niveau, et la distance avec l'embrayage de l'obturateur de face avant de véhicule est accrue ce qui complique la transmission des ordres d'embrayage/débrayage. According to a fifth embodiment, the mechanical system of a securing device according to the third embodiment is arranged to be placed at the output of the engine. This is advantageous because it is here that the measured temperature is the most reliable (ie the actual temperature of the engine). However, it is often more complex to install the mechanical system at this level, and the distance with the clutch of the vehicle front panel shutter is increased which complicates the transmission of clutch / disengage orders.
Selon un sixième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon le troisième mode de réalisation est agencé pour être placé dans une durit reliant le radiateur au moteur thermique. According to a sixth embodiment, the mechanical system of a securing device according to the third embodiment is arranged to be placed in a hose connecting the radiator to the heat engine.
Selon une mise en œuvre possible, le système mécanique est placé à l'entrée du radiateur mais à l'extérieur du radiateur, par exemple dans une durit reliant le radiateur au moteur thermique, au plus proche de l'entrée du radiateur. Ceci minimise les modifications à apporter au radiateur, ce qui est avantageux. According to one possible implementation, the mechanical system is placed at the radiator inlet but outside the radiator, for example in a hose connecting the radiator to the heat engine, as close as possible to the inlet of the radiator. This minimizes the changes to be made to the radiator, which is advantageous.
Selon un septième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au sixième modes de réalisation est un calorstat pouvant prendre des configurations 200a, 200b. Traditionnellement, un calorstat est considéré (fonctionnellement) comme une valve dont le degré d'ouverture dépend de la température. Son utilisation conventionnelle consiste à isoler un moteur thermique de son radiateur ainsi que de l'ensemble de son circuit de refroidissement lorsque le moteur thermique est froid, et de l'y relier progressivement lorsque la température augmente. Mais en l'occurrence, la valve n'est pas utilisée pour obturer le passage du fluide. Il est même opportun de prévoir un passage de fluide plus large au niveau où l'on place le calorstat afin que sa présence ne diminue pas le débit du fluide dans lequel il baigne. Au lieu de placer le calorstat à proximité d'une ouverture de diamètre restreint sensiblement égal au diamètre de l'extrémité du calorstat, afin que cette extrémité obstrue cette ouverture (et ferme le passage du fluide) lorsque la température est basse, le calorstat est placé au milieu d'un passage suffisamment vaste pour que sa présence et son déclenchement éventuel n'ait qu'une incidence négligeable sur le débit de fluide. According to a seventh embodiment, the mechanical system of a security device according to one of the first to sixth embodiments is a calorstat that can take configurations 200a, 200b. Traditionally, a calorstat is considered (functionally) as a valve whose degree of openness depends on the temperature. Its conventional use is to isolate a heat engine from its radiator and its entire cooling circuit when the engine is cold, and to connect it gradually when the temperature increases. But in this case, the valve is not used to seal the passage of the fluid. It is even appropriate to provide a larger fluid passage at the level where the calorstat is placed so that its presence does not decrease the flow of the fluid in which it is bathed. Instead of placing the calorstat near an opening of restricted diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the end of the calorstat, so that this end obstructs this opening (and closes the passage of the fluid) when the temperature is low, the calorstat is placed in the middle of a passage large enough that its presence and possible triggering has a negligible impact on the flow of fluid.
Une pièce mécanique est montée sur le calorstat pour en transmettre la dilatation à l'embrayage de l'obturateur de face avant. A mechanical part is mounted on the calorstat to transmit the expansion to the clutch of the front panel shutter.
Selon un huitième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au sixième modes de réalisation est un bilame 101 . Selon un mise en œuvre possible, une partie du bilame est immergée dans le liquide de refroidissement, et une autre partie est à l'extérieur, pour transmettre le mouvement lié à la dilatation différenciée du bilame (ou plutôt de la partie immergée du bilame) à l'embrayage de l'obturateur de face avant. According to an eighth embodiment, the mechanical system of a security device according to one of the first to sixth embodiments is a bimetallic strip 101. According to one possible implementation, one part of the bimetallic strip is immersed in the coolant, and another part is on the outside, to transmit the movement related to the differentiated expansion of the bimetallic strip (or rather of the submerged part of the bimetallic strip). to the clutch of the front panel shutter.
Selon un neuvième mode de réalisation, le système mécanique d'un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au sixième modes de réalisation est une capsule contenant une matière se dilatant sous l'effet de la chaleur. Cette matière est par exemple une cire qui se dilate sous l'effet de la chaleur. Ces capsules sont souvent à retournement brusque, c'est-à- dire qu'elles fonctionnent souvent en tout ou rien: passé un seuil, elles s'ouvrent totalement, et en dessous de ce seuil elles se referment totalement. Selon un dixième mode de réalisation, un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au neuvième modes de réalisation comprend un liquide. Le système mécanique est agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour comprimer ou dilater ledit liquide et former ainsi une commande hydraulique de débrayage ou d'embrayage du volet débrayable. Une telle commande est extrêmement fiable mais assez onéreuse. According to a ninth embodiment, the mechanical system of a securing device according to one of the first to sixth embodiments is a capsule containing a material expanding under the effect of heat. This material is for example a wax that expands under the effect of heat. These capsules are often sudden turning, that is to say that they often work in all or nothing: past a threshold, they open completely, and below this threshold they close completely. According to a tenth embodiment, a securing device according to one of the first and the ninth embodiments comprises a liquid. The mechanical system is arranged, during a change of state, to compress or expand said liquid and thereby form a hydraulic control disengagement or clutch disengageable flap. Such a command is extremely reliable but quite expensive.
Selon un onzième mode de réalisation, un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au neuvième modes de réalisation comprend un gaz, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour comprimer ou dilater ledit gaz et former ainsi une commande pneumatique de débrayage ou d'embrayage du volet débrayable. According to an eleventh embodiment, a securing device according to one of the first and the ninth embodiments comprises a gas, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to compress or expand said gas and thus to form a pneumatic control for disengaging or clutching the disengageable flap.
Selon un douzième mode de réalisation, un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au neuvième modes de réalisation comprend une pièce mécanique. Cette pièce mécanique est par exemple un câble, une tringle ou encore une bielle. Le système mécanique est agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour tirer ou pousser ladite pièce mécanique et commander ainsi le débrayage ou l'embrayage du volet débrayable. L'usage d'un câble est avantageux car il est de mise en œuvre assez simple et relativement fiable. According to a twelfth embodiment, a securing device according to one of the first and the ninth embodiments comprises a mechanical part. This mechanical part is for example a cable, a rod or a connecting rod. The mechanical system is arranged, during a change of state, to pull or push said mechanical part and thus control the disengagement or clutch of the disengageable flap. The use of a cable is advantageous because it is implementation fairly simple and relatively reliable.
Selon un treizième mode de réalisation, un obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile muni d'un volet débrayable comprend un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'un des premier au douzième modes de réalisation. According to a thirteenth embodiment, a front end shutter of a motor vehicle with a disengageable flap comprises a securing device according to one of the first to the twelfth embodiments.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif de sécurisation pour obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile muni d'un volet débrayable, le dispositif de sécurisation comprenant un système mécanique (101 , 201 , 300) changeant d'état de façon réversible en fonction de sa température, ledit système mécanique étant agencé pour commander un débrayage (105) dudit volet débrayable lorsqu'il change d'état en raison d'une élévation de sa température, et pour commander un embrayage dudit volet débrayable lorsqu'il change d'état en raison d'une baisse de sa température. 1. Securing device for a front shutter of a motor vehicle provided with a disengageable shutter, the securing device comprising a mechanical system (101, 201, 300) changing state reversibly as a function of its temperature, said mechanical system being arranged to control a disengagement (105) of said disengageable shutter when it changes state due to a rise in its temperature, and to control a clutch of said disengageable shutter when it changes state due to a drop in temperature its temperature.
2. Dispositif de sécurisation selon la revendication 1 , ledit système mécanique étant agencé pour être placé en contact avec un environnement (1 1 1 ) dont la température est représentative de la température d'un moteur thermique du véhicule automobile. 2. Securing device according to claim 1, said mechanical system being arranged to be placed in contact with an environment (1 1 1) whose temperature is representative of the temperature of a heat engine of the motor vehicle.
3. Dispositif de sécurisation selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le système mécanique (101 , 201 , 300) est agencé pour être placé dans un liquide de refroidissement (1 1 1 ) du moteur thermique. 3. Safety device according to claim 1, in which the mechanical system (101, 201, 300) is arranged to be placed in a cooling liquid (1 1 1) of the heat engine.
4. Dispositif de sécurisation selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé à l'entrée d'un radiateur (316) du moteur thermique. 4. Safety device according to claim 3, in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed at the inlet of a radiator (316) of the heat engine.
5. Dispositif de sécurisation selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé à la sortie du moteur thermique. 5. Safety device according to claim 3, in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed at the outlet of the heat engine.
6. Dispositif de sécurisation selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le système mécanique est agencé pour être placé dans une durit reliant le radiateur au moteur thermique. 6. Safety device according to claim 3, in which the mechanical system is arranged to be placed in a hose connecting the radiator to the heat engine.
7. Dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système mécanique est un calorstat. 7. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the mechanical system is a calorstat.
8. Dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le système mécanique est un bilame (101 ). 8. Securing device according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the mechanical system is a bimetallic strip (101).
9. Dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le système mécanique est une capsule contenant une matière se dilatant sous l'effet de la chaleur. 9. Securing device according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the mechanical system is a capsule containing a material expanding under the effect of heat.
10. Dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un liquide, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour comprimer ou dilater ledit liquide et former ainsi une commande hydraulique de débrayage ou d'embrayage du volet débrayable. 10. Securing device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a liquid, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to compress or expand said liquid and thus form a hydraulic disengagement or clutch control of the disengageable shutter.
1 1 . Dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant un gaz, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour comprimer ou dilater ledit gaz et former ainsi une commande pneumatique de débrayage ou d'embrayage du volet débrayable. 1 1 . Securing device according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a gas, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to compress or expand said gas and thus form a pneumatic disengagement or clutch control of the disengageable shutter.
12. Dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant une pièce mécanique, le système mécanique étant agencé, lors d'un changement d'état, pour tirer ou pousser ladite pièce mécanique et commander ainsi le débrayage ou l'embrayage du volet débrayable. 12. Securing device according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a mechanical part, the mechanical system being arranged, during a change of state, to pull or push said mechanical part and thus control the disengagement or the disengageable flap clutch.
13. Obturateur de face avant de véhicule automobile muni d'un volet débrayable, l'obturateur comprenant un dispositif de sécurisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 13. Front shutter of a motor vehicle provided with a disengageable shutter, the shutter comprising a security device according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/FR2017/051306 2016-06-07 2017-05-24 Safety by thermal control WO2017212138A1 (en)

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FR3092528B1 (en) 2019-02-13 2021-12-03 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Sealing device for air intake from the front of a motor vehicle comprising a shutter disconnection device
FR3102102B1 (en) * 2019-10-17 2021-10-29 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Sealing device for air intake from the front of a motor vehicle comprising a shutter disconnection device
DE102021134366A1 (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-22 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh Air intake arrangement for a vehicle

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DE3701584A1 (en) * 1987-01-21 1988-08-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Device for the operation of a shutter arranged on the radiator of a water-cooled internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle
DE102009035362A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Röchling Automotive AG & Co. KG Flow guiding mechanism for motor vehicle, has thermo-mechanical actuator decoupled from air passage device with respect to movement and force transmission, when temperature of vehicle portion is lower than threshold temperature
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