WO2017206199A1 - 一种测量湿气中气油水三相质量流量的测量装置及测量方法 - Google Patents

一种测量湿气中气油水三相质量流量的测量装置及测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2017206199A1
WO2017206199A1 PCT/CN2016/085430 CN2016085430W WO2017206199A1 WO 2017206199 A1 WO2017206199 A1 WO 2017206199A1 CN 2016085430 W CN2016085430 W CN 2016085430W WO 2017206199 A1 WO2017206199 A1 WO 2017206199A1
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gamma ray
gas
measuring
oil
mass flow
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PCT/CN2016/085430
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈继革
徐斌
吴治永
成正东
李弘棣
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无锡洋湃科技有限公司
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Priority to US15/544,672 priority Critical patent/US10914622B2/en
Priority to EP16884240.9A priority patent/EP3270119A4/en
Publication of WO2017206199A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206199A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • G01F1/88—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
    • G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of moisture flow metering.
  • the present invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring the three-phase mass flow of gas, oil and water in moisture, and is particularly suitable for use in an underwater oil and gas production environment.
  • oil and gas well products contain both gas-liquid mixed fluids of liquid crude oil and gas phase natural gas, which is called multiphase flow in the industry.
  • the gas phase comprises, for example, oil and gas field gas or any gas that does not condense at normal temperature, specifically such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc.
  • the liquid phase may include: an oil phase, such as crude oil itself and during crude oil production A liquid additive dissolved in crude oil, and an aqueous phase, such as formation water, water injected into the oil and gas well during use, and other liquid additives dissolved in the aqueous phase.
  • the oil phase and the water phase may be phase separated, or the oil phase and the water phase may be mixed together or completely emulsified. How to accurately measure the flow rate of gas and the flow of liquid in the gas-liquid mixed fluid extracted from oil and gas wells in real time, and how to further measure the respective flows of the oil phase, gas phase and water phase, which is the reservoir management and production optimization.
  • the necessary basic data When the gas phase mass content in the multiphase stream is higher than 80%, it is usually called moisture. In submarine oil and gas fields and shale gas mining, the produced materials are all moisture.
  • Flow meters typically have a volume flow meter and a mass flow meter.
  • the volume of a fluid is a function of temperature and pressure and is a dependent variable, and the mass of a fluid is an amount that does not change with changes in temperature and pressure.
  • flow measurement values such as orifice flow meters, turbine flow meters, vortex flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, rota flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, and elliptical gear flow meters are all volumetric flow rates of the fluid.
  • the amount of fluid involved in scientific research, production process control, quality management, economic accounting, and custody transfer is generally quality.
  • the pressure, temperature and composition of the oil and gas well products are constantly changing with the flow conditions.
  • the mass flow can more accurately reflect the actual situation, and the reservoir management and production can be optimized more rationally.
  • using the volumetric flow meter described above to measure only the volumetric flow rate of the fluid which often fails to meet the requirements of the people, it is often necessary to find the density of the fluid to calculate the mass flow rate of the fluid.
  • This method of measuring the volume flow rate and then calculating the mass flow rate according to the fluid density has many intermediate links, and the accuracy of the mass flow measurement is difficult to be ensured and improved.
  • a conventional method is to measure the temperature and pressure of the fluid after measuring the respective volume flow rates of the gas, oil and water in the moisture. After the parameters, the mass flow rates of the phases are indirectly obtained by estimating the respective working condition densities of the three phases by means of correction, conversion and compensation.
  • the most advanced method for simultaneously measuring the respective volumetric flow rates of gas, oil and water in moisture in the prior art is gamma ray metrology, which uses a venturi to measure the total volumetric flow of moisture and uses dual energy gamma ray detection.
  • the unit measures the phase fraction of the three phases of the gas, oil and water, and then multiplies the respective phase fractions of the respective phases of the gas, oil and water by the total volume flow to obtain the respective volumetric flows of the gas, oil and water phases.
  • the specific process is as follows.
  • the gamma ray emitter emits two gamma rays with initial tensities of N 10 and N 20 respectively . After moisture absorption, the gamma ray receiver is reached, and the transmitted intensity N 1 and N 2 and there is a formula between the two
  • N 11 N 10 *exp(- ⁇ x)----(1)
  • N 21 N 20 *exp(- ⁇ x)----(2)
  • ⁇ is the absorption coefficient of moisture
  • x is the transmission distance of gamma rays along the moisture, that is, the diameter D of the pipe.
  • ⁇ g the absorption coefficient of moisture
  • ⁇ w the aqueous phase absorption coefficient
  • ⁇ g , ⁇ w , ⁇ o are known constants
  • x is the pipe diameter, and is also a known value
  • N 11 and N 21 are measured values
  • N 10 and N 20 are theoretically gamma
  • the "initial intensity" of the ray but in practice it is generally replaced by the "empty tube count value", ie the value of the transmitted intensity measured by the gamma ray receiver when there is no moisture in the pipe, which is considered as gamma ray" Initial strength".
  • the above equation is only ⁇ g, ⁇ w and ⁇ o three unknowns, it can (1) (2) (3) can be solved for ⁇ g, ⁇ w and ⁇ o
  • the linear phase fraction of the cross section can be regarded as the volume phase fraction, and then the volume fraction of the gas-oil-water three-phase is calculated, and the total volume flow measured by the venturi is combined.
  • the volumetric flow rates of the three phases of the gas, oil and water can be obtained, and then the respective mass flow rates of the three phases are converted by estimating the respective working condition densities of the three phases.
  • An existing moisture flow meter using a gamma detector comprising a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver, wherein the gamma ray emitter generally uses a dual energy gamma ray emitter, in practice
  • the commonly used scheme is that the source bin of the dual-energy gamma source is a composite structure composed of two 241 Am sources or a single radioactive source structure of 133Ba.
  • two 59.5 keV gamma rays are generated, with one of the gamma rays passing through the absorption medium as high energy gamma rays, and another gamma ray Bombardment of a target made of silver to excite silver to emit low-energy gamma rays with an energy of 22 keV, and pass through the absorption medium along the same path as the aforementioned high-energy gamma ray, and together they are detected by a gamma ray detector. strength.
  • a target made of silver to excite silver to emit low-energy gamma rays with an energy of 22 keV
  • Dual-energy gamma rays can also be obtained in other ways, for example using 133 Ba, which emits gamma rays having three main energy levels, 31 keV, 81 keV, 356 keV, respectively, for example, a combination of any two of them, for example A combination of 31 keV + 81 keV is used as the high energy gamma ray and the low energy gamma ray, respectively.
  • the use of dual-energy gamma rays provides information on the composition of the three phases of the gas, water and water inside the moisture fluid.
  • the working principle and equipment of the dual-energy gamma ray detector please refer to the related monograph. This article will not go into details.
  • Gamma ray receivers generally use a scintillation crystal counter or a photomultiplier tube counter as a counter for detecting the gamma ray transmission intensity, but these counters have different degrees of temperature drift, that is, the measured gamma ray transmission intensity signal will follow The temperature of the counter itself changes and drifts, causing an error in the measurement of the transmission intensity signal. More seriously, this temperature drift not only causes fluctuations in the directly measured transmission intensity, but also causes fluctuations in the "empty tube counts" N 10 and N 20 that could otherwise be used as constants, causing the technician to have to The "empty pipe count value" will be recalibrated in a few months in order to maintain the accuracy of the solution equation and eliminate the accumulation of errors.
  • a moisture meter using gamma ray detection technology needs to be provided with a thermostat for the gamma ray receiver to maintain a constant temperature, which is generally an electric heater, through a built-in or external power source.
  • the temperature control circuit is used to maintain the gamma ray receiver at a constant temperature above ambient temperature.
  • a metering device and a metering method for relatively simple and accurate on-line measurement of the respective mass flow rates of gas, oil and water in moisture, and it is more desirable to have an accurate measurement in an underwater environment without using a thermostatic device.
  • a metering device and a metering method for the respective mass flow rates of the gas phase, the oil phase and the water phase It is even more necessary to avoid the "empty tube count" calibration work that is going to take place every few months.
  • the present invention is directed to solving the above problems at the same time.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a measuring device for measuring the mass flow rate of each phase of gas, oil and water in moisture, which mainly comprises the following components:
  • a differential pressure type flow meter having a throat section
  • a gamma ray detector comprising a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver arranged in such a way that gamma rays diametrically pass through the throat section to the gamma ray receiver;
  • the radiation source in the gamma ray emitter is a pluripotent radiation source capable of naturally emitting at least three kinds of energy gamma rays, and the thermostat device is not necessary in the gamma ray receiver.
  • the differential pressure type flow meter comprises a throttle tube, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
  • the basic principle of a differential pressure flowmeter is to set a throttling device such as a venturi, orifice or nozzle in a fluid-filled circular tube, and the smallest diameter is called the throat, when the fluid flows through the throttling device.
  • a throttling device such as a venturi, orifice or nozzle
  • the throat has a fixed function relationship with the flow rate. As long as the static pressure difference is measured, the flow rate formula can be used to determine the flow rate.
  • a gamma ray detector comprising gamma ray emitters and gamma ray receivers respectively disposed on both sides of the cross section of the throttle tube, wherein the gamma ray emitted by the gamma ray emitter passes through the diameter of the tube Passing through the cross section to the gamma ray receiver; wherein the gamma ray emitter comprises a pluripotent gamma ray source capable of naturally emitting at least three different levels of gamma rays, referred to as pluripotent a radioactive source; wherein the gamma ray detector is a gamma ray detector having gamma ray full energy spectrum measurement and analysis capabilities.
  • the measuring device further comprises a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the moisture and a differential pressure sensor for measuring the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat of the venturi.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for measuring the mass flow rate of each phase of gas oil water in moisture, which uses the measuring device according to the first aspect of the invention, the measuring method comprising the steps of:
  • Q o , Q g and Q w are the linear masses of the oil, gas and water three phases, respectively:
  • ⁇ is the fluid compression correction factor
  • ⁇ is the throttle type flowmeter diameter ratio
  • the thickness of the D gamma ray measurement which is the pipe diameter
  • N x,1 , N x,2 and N x,3 are the transmission intensities of the three energy gamma rays , respectively, which are measured values;
  • S is the area of the measured cross section
  • ⁇ is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the gamma ray to be tested
  • Q is the linear mass of the gamma ray along the fluid to be tested
  • subscripts 1, 2 and 3 represent gamma rays of different energy levels, o, g and w, respectively. Representing oil, gas and water, respectively;
  • f 1 and f 2 are the ratio of the initial intensity of the second gamma ray and the third gamma ray to the initial intensity of the first gamma ray, respectively.
  • the measurement method of the present invention cancels the operation of temperature drift correction of the measurement result of the gamma ray receiver, and also cancels the operation of calibrating the empty tube count.
  • the thermostat device for maintaining the gamma ray receiver at a constant temperature is completely eliminated, the structure of the measuring device is greatly simplified, and the measuring device of the invention can be conveniently and reliably operated in the underwater environment for a long time without worrying about changing the constant temperature. Trouble with device power and maintenance thermostats.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a measuring device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line "A-A" of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the measuring device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line "B-B" of Figure 3.
  • Mass flow rate refers to the mass of fluid flowing through a unit of time. In the SI unit system, the dimension can be kg/s.
  • Volume flow rate refers to the volume of fluid flowing through a unit of time. In the SI unit system, the dimension may be m 3 /s.
  • Linear quality refers to the mass of a fluid permeated by a gamma ray per unit area when gamma ray is used to measure the fluid to be measured. According to the nature of the fluid being penetrated, there are three linear masses Q o , Q g , Q w , respectively, which are oil linear mass, gas linear mass and water linear mass. The linear mass and total mass flow of oil, gas and water have the following relationship with the diameter of the pipe:
  • Ring means the diameter direction along the circle of the cross section of the flow conduit.
  • a conventional differential pressure type flowmeter is used, for example, using a venturi flowmeter, and the total mass flow rate of moisture is calculated by the following formula by differential pressure measurement:
  • C is the throttling flowmeter outflow coefficient
  • ⁇ is the fluid compression correction factor
  • ⁇ is the throttling flowmeter diameter ratio
  • ⁇ P is the differential pressure
  • ⁇ mix is the fluid density (for moisture, the mixing density)
  • D is the diameter of the pipe.
  • the mass flow rate of the gas-oil-water three-phase in the moisture is measured by using a gamma ray detector of the pluripotent radiation source.
  • Q o , Q g and Q w are the linear masses of oil, gas and water, respectively.
  • N o,1 ,N o,2 and N o,3 have a proportional relationship:
  • N 0,1 , Q w , Q o , Q g can be directly and accurately solved by the above four equations (10)-(13), thereby eliminating the measurement or calibration of N 0,1 .
  • the need because there is no need to calibrate N 0,1 (ie, the empty pipe count value), fundamentally avoids the influence of the temperature drift in the gamma ray receiver on the measurement, and thus does not need to be set in the gamma ray receiver. Thermostat.
  • a o,1 , a o,2 , a o,3 , a g,1 , a g,2 , a g , 3 and a w,1 , a w , 2 , a w , 3 respectively
  • the linear mass absorption coefficient of gamma ray 1, gamma ray 2 and gamma ray 3 under working conditions f 1 and f 2 are fixed values, which can be obtained by calibration
  • N x , 1 , N x, 2 , N x, 3 , ⁇ P are measured values, so the linear masses Q o , Q g , Q w can be directly solved
  • ⁇ is the fluid compression correction factor
  • ⁇ is the throttle type flowmeter diameter ratio
  • the thickness of the D gamma ray measurement which is the pipe diameter
  • S is the area of the measured cross section
  • Q o , Q g , Q w are the three linear masses of oil, gas and water that need to be solved respectively;
  • ⁇ is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the gamma ray to be tested
  • Q is the gamma ray along the fluid to be tested
  • the linear mass, subscripts 1, 2 and 3 represent gamma rays of different energy levels, respectively, o, g and w represent oil, gas and water, respectively.
  • the measuring device and the measuring method according to the present invention are described for measuring and calculating the mass flow rate of three phases (oil, gas and water) in moisture, and the device and the measuring method are also suitable for measuring two-phase flow.
  • the respective mass flows of the gas phase and the liquid phase are calculated, and accordingly, the principle and method for calculating the mass flow rate using the two energy levels of the gamma ray source can be analogized according to the above.

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Abstract

一种测量湿气中气、油、水三相各自质量流量的测量装置及方法，所述测量装置包括以下构件：差压型流量计（6），其具有喉部（4）；伽马射线探测器，其包括伽马射线发射器（1）和伽马射线接收器（3），其布置方式使得伽马射线发射器（1）发出的伽马射线沿直径方向穿过所述喉部（4）到达所述伽马射线接收器（3）；其中，所述伽马射线发射器（1）中的放射源为能天然发出至少三种能量伽马射线的多能放射源，所述伽马射线接收器（3）中不使用恒温装置；所述方法包括，其使用所述测量装置，通过伽马射线探测器测量三个伽马射线的透射强度N x,1、N x,2和N x,3，通过相关公式计算湿气总质量流量以及油、气和水三相各自质量流量；由于测量装置无需使用恒温装置且无需标定空管计数，非常适合在水下或井下条件下使用。

Description

一种测量湿气中气油水三相质量流量的测量装置及测量方法 技术领域
本发明属于湿气流量计量领域。具体地，本发明涉及一种用于测量湿气中气油水三相质量流量的测量装置及测量方法，尤其适合在水下油气生产环境中使用。
背景技术
油气工业中，油气井产物同时包含液相原油和气相天然气的气液混合流体，业内称之为多相流。其中所述气相包括例如油气田气或任何在常温下不凝的气体，具体地有如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等；所述液相可包括：油相，例如原油本身以及在原油开采过程中溶解在原油中的液体添加剂，以及水相，例如地层水、采用过程中注入油气井中的水以及溶解在水相中的其它液体添加剂。在实践中，油相和水相可能发生相分离，也可能油相和水相混合在一起，或是完全乳化的。如何实时准确地测量从油气井中采出的气液混合流体中气体的流量和液体的流量，以及如何更进一步地测量油相、气相和水相三相各自的流量，是油气藏管理和生产优化所必需的基础数据。当多相流中的气相质量含量高于80％时，通常称为湿气。海底油气田和页岩气开采中，采出物均为湿气。
流量计通常有体积流量计和质量流量计。流体，特别是气体，其体积是温度和压力的函数，是一个因变量，而流体的质量是一个不随所处温度、压力的变化而变化的量。常用的流量计中，如孔板流量计、涡轮流量计、涡街流量计、电磁流量计、转子流量计、超声波流量计和椭圆齿轮流量计等的流量测量值是都是流体的体积流量。而为了更加精准，在科学研究、生产过程控制、质量管理、经济核算和贸易交接等活动中所涉及的流体量一般多为质量。特别是，油气井产物的压力、温度及其成分是随流量条件不断变化的，采用质量流量更能准确反映实际情况，能够更合理地对油气藏管理和生产进行优化。但采用上述体积流量计仅仅测得流体的体积流量，这往往不能满足人们的要求，通常还需要设法获得流体的密度以求算流体的质量流量。这种先测量体积流量再依据流体密度以求算质量流量的测量方法，中间环节多，质量流量测量的准确度难以得到保证和提高。
对于湿气来说，需要精准测量其中气油水三相各自的质量流量。一个常规的方法是在测量湿气中气油水三相各自的体积流量之后，结合流体的温度和压力等 参数后，通过修正、换算和补偿等方法估算出三相各自的工况密度后间接地得到各相的质量流量。
现有技术中最先进的同时测量湿气中气油水三相各自体积流量的方法是伽马射线计量法，其原理是利用文丘里管测量湿气的总体积流量，并用双能伽马射线探测器测量气油水三相各自的相分率，然后用总体积流量乘以各自气油水三相各自的相分率，得到气油水三相各自的体积流量。具体过程如下，伽马射线发射器发出两股股伽马射线，其初始强度分别为N10和N20，经过湿气吸收后，到达伽马射线接收器，检测到透射后的强度N1和N2，且二者之间存在公式
N11＝N10*exp(-μx)----(1)
N21＝N20*exp(-μx)----(2)
其中μ为湿气的吸收系数，x为伽马射线沿湿气的透射距离，即为管道直径D。其中吸收系数μ又与气相吸收系数μg、水相吸收系数μw、油相吸收系数μo存在以下关系：μ＝αgμg+αwμw+αoμo,其中αg、αw和αo分别为气油水三相的截面线性相分率，且存在以下约束：
αg+αw+αo＝1----(3)
上述三个方程中，μg、μw、μo为已知常数，x为管道直径，也是已知值，N11和N21是测量值，而N10和N20虽然理论上是伽马射线“初始强度”，但实际上一般使用“空管计数值”来代替它，即管道内没有任何湿气时由伽马射线接收器测得的透射强度值，将此视为伽马射线“初始强度”。由此，上述方程中仅有αg、αw和αo三个未知数，故可通过联立求解上述方程(1)(2)(3)就可以求解出αg、αw和αo，又假设湿气中气油水是均匀混合的，则此截面线性相分率可认为是体积相分率，进而推算出气油水三相各自的体积分数，再结合文丘里管测出的总体积流量，则可得气油水三相各自的体积流量，进而通过估算三相各自的工况密度，来转换为三相各自的质量流量。
现有的采用伽马探测器的湿气流量计，其伽马探测器包括伽马射线发射器和伽马射线接收器，其中伽马射线发射器一般采用双能伽马射线发射器，实践中常用的方案为双能γ源的源仓是由两个241Am源组成的一个复合结构或者选用133Ba的单颗放射源结构。例如，在使用两个241Am放射源的情况下，产生两股59.5keV的伽玛射线，使其中一股伽玛射线作为高能伽玛射线直接穿过吸收介质，而使另一股伽玛射线轰击由银做成的靶材从而激发银发出能量为22keV的低能 伽玛射线，并沿着与前述高能伽玛射线相同的路径通过该吸收介质，并一起被伽玛射线检测器检测它们的透射强度。但因为银靶材质和几何尺寸的差异，这样获得的两股伽马射线，其初始强度之间没有确定的比例关系。还可以以其它方式获得双能伽玛射线，例如使用133Ba，该放射源发出的伽玛射线具有三个主要能级，分别为31keV，81keV，356keV，选取其中的任意两种的组合，例如采用31keV+81keV的组合方式，分别作为所述高能伽玛射线和低能伽玛射线。如上所述，使用双能伽玛射线，能提供湿气流体内部气油水三相的组成信息。关于双能伽马射线探测器的更多工作原理和设备细节，可参见相关的专著。本文不再赘述。尽管已经有人使用133Ba对湿气流量进行测量，但之前从未有人同时使用过三种能量的伽马射线，因为双能伽马射线产生三个方程解出三个未知数就足以解决问题，人们没有必要使用三能伽马射线，多出一个方程N31＝N30*exp(-μx)反而让人无所适从。
但该伽马射线测量方法在实践中遇到以下问题：
伽马射线接收器一般采用闪烁晶体计数器或者光电倍增管计数器作为检测伽马射线透射强度的计数器，但这些计数器都存在不同程度的温度漂移现象，即测量到的伽马射线透射强度信号，会随着计数器本身的温度变化而发生漂移，致使透射强度信号测量出现误差。更严重的是，这种温度漂移不仅导致直接测得的透射强度的波动，而且会导致原本可以作为常数使用的“空管计数值”N10和N20的波动，致使技术人员不得不每隔数月就要重新标定“空管计数值”，以便维持解方程的精度，消除误差的积累。目前在技术上，为了消除此温度漂移现象，采用伽马射线探测技术的湿气量计都需要设置用于伽马射线接收器保持恒温的恒温装置，其一般是电加热器，通过内置或外接电源，使用控温电路将伽马射线接收器维持在高于环境温度的某个恒定温度上。即便如此，实践中仍需要每隔数月就要重新标定“空管计数值”，否则常数不常，严重影响测量准确度和精度。
对于那些在地面上工作的湿气流量计来说，恒温很容易做到，因为可以随时方便更换和维修电源和恒温装置。定期标定“空管计数值”也是容易做到的。但对于那些需要长期在水下工作的湿气流量计来说，例如在海底油气开采中使用的水下流量计，恒温装置的设计却带来了麻烦，主要是电源的更换、恒温装置本身的维护难度很大，甚至不可能。而没有恒温装置，又会给测量带来很大的误差。更要命的是，难以定期标定“空管计数值”，严重影响测量准确度。
因此，本领域需要一种结构相对简单且精确地在线测量湿气中气油水三相各自质量流量的计量装置和计量方法，更希望有一种能够在水下环境中不使用恒温装置也能精确测量气相、油相和水相各自质量流量的计量装置和计量方法。更需要避免每隔数月就要进行的“空管计数值”标定工作。
本发明致力于同时解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提供了一种测量湿气中气、油、水各相质量流量的测量装置，其主要包括以下构件：
差压型流量计，其具有喉部段；
伽马射线探测器，其包括伽马射线发射器和伽马射线接收器，其布置方式使得伽马射线沿直径方向穿过所述喉部段到达所述伽马射线接收器；
其中，所述伽马射线发射器中的放射源为能天然发出至少三种能量伽马射线的多能放射源，所述伽马射线接收器中不必使用恒温装置。
其中，所述差压型流量计，包括节流圆管道、温度传感器和压力传感器。差压式流量计的基本原理是：在充满流体的圆管中设置文丘里、孔板或喷嘴之类的节流器件，将其直径最小处称为喉部，当流体流经节流器件时，在其上游与喉部之间就会产生静压力差，该静压力差与流过的流量之间有一个固定的函数关系，只要测得静压力差就可以由流量公式求得流量。
伽马射线探测器，其包括分别布置在所述节流圆管道横截面两侧的伽马射线发射器和伽马射线接收器，其中伽马射线发射器所发出的伽马射线以通过管道直径的方式在横截面穿过，到达伽马射线接收器；其中所述伽马射线发射器包括一个能天然发出至少三种不同能级的伽马射线的多能级伽马射线源，简称多能放射源；其中所述伽马射线探测器是具有伽马射线全能谱测量与分析能力的伽马射线探测器。
此外，所述测量装置还包括用于测量湿气温度的温度传感器和用于测量文丘里管入口处与喉部之间的压差的差压传感器。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种测量湿气中气油水各相质量流量的测量方法，其使用本发明第一方面所述的测量装置，该测量方法包括以下步骤：
a)通过温度传感器测量湿气温度T，通过差压传感器测量差压管入口处与喉部之间的压差ΔP；通过伽马射线探测器测量三个伽马射线的透射强 度Nx,1、Nx,2和Nx,3；
b)通过以下公式计算湿气总质量流量和油、气和水三相各自质量流量：
总质量流量：
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000001
油质量流量：Qm,o＝Qm*OMF            (5)
气质量流量：Qm,g＝Qm*GMF            (6)
水质量流量：Qm,w＝Qm*WMF            (7)
其中，
质量含油率，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000002
质量含气率，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000003
质量含水率，
其中Qo，Qg，Qw分别为油、气、水三相的线性质量，具体为：
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000014
各式中字母含义如下：
C为节流型流量计流出系数；
ε为流体压缩修正因子；
β为节流型流量计直径比；
D伽马射线测量的厚度，即为管道直径；
ΔP差压，为测量值；
Nx,1、Nx,2和Nx,3分别为三种能量伽马射线的透射强度，为测量值；
ρmix湿气在测量横截面上的平均面密度
ρmix＝(Qo+Qg+Qw)/S
S为测量横截面的面积
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000015
α为待测流体对伽马射线的线性质量吸收系数，Q为伽马射线沿待测流体的线性质量，下标1、2和3分别代表不同能级的伽马射线，o、g和w分别代表油、气和水；
f1、f2分别为第二股伽马射线和第三股伽马射线的初始强度相对于第一股伽马射线的初始强度的比值。
相对于传统测量方法，本发明的测量方法取消了对伽马射线接收器的测量结果进行温度漂移校正的操作，也取消了对空管计数进行标定的操作。
本发明的优点如下：
1、采用能天然发出三种以上能量伽马射线的多能放射源，由于其天然发出的三种能量的伽马射线之间的强度比值是固有且恒定的，非人力所能改变，且不受任何外在温度、压力变化的影响，这给本发明计量公式的求解带来极大的便利和简化，在世界上首次实现了直接测量出湿气中气、油、水三相的质量流量，而无需先测量体积流量，再通过密度去求算各相的质量流量，测量方法简单直接，测量原理有严格的数学依据。
2、彻底消除了用于使伽马射线接收器保持恒定温度的恒温装置，大大简化了测量装置的结构，也使得本发明的测量装置能够方便可靠地长期在水下环境工作，无需担心更换恒温装置电源和维护恒温装置的困扰。
3、从技术原理上彻底消除了对“空管计数值”进行标定的工作，非常适合水下或井下长期工作。
4、由于从根本上消除了伽马射线测量***中温度漂移的影响，因此测量结果更加准确且精度更高。
附图说明
图1是本发明的测量装置的正视图。
图2是图1中“A—A”剖视图。
图3是本发明的测量装置的侧视图。
图4是图3中“B—B”剖视图。
附图标记含义如下：
1、伽马射线发射器；2、放射源屏蔽器；3、伽马射线接收器；4、喉部；5、组合传感器，其分别测量流体的温度、压力、流经节流管的压差；6、差压型流量计。
以上附图仅用于示例性地说明本发明的技术构思和技术方案，而不以任何方式限制本发明。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，首先对油气湿气计量领域中的一些术语简单介绍如下：
“质量流量”是指单位时间内流过的流体的质量，在SI单位制中，其量纲可以为kg/s。
“体积流量”是指单位时间内流过的流体的体积，在SI单位制中，其量纲可以为m3/s。
“线性质量”是指采用伽马射线测量待测流体时，单位面积上、伽马射线所透过流体的质量。根据所穿透流体的性质，分别有三个线性质量Qo，Qg，Qw，分别为油线性质量、气线性质量和水线性质量。利用油、气和水的线性质量、总质量流量与管道的直径存在如下关系:
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000016
“径向”是指沿着流通管道截面圆的直径方向。
下文重点对本发明的湿气质量流量测量方法进行详细介绍。
本发明中，使用传统的差压型流量计，例如使用文丘里流量计，通过差压的测量，由下式计算得到湿气的总质量流量：
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000017
式中C为节流型流量计流出系数，ε为流体压缩修正因子，β为节流型流量计直径比，ΔP为压差，ρmix为流体密度(对于湿气而言，指混合密度)，D为管道直径。
接下来，通过使用多能放射源的伽马射线探测器，测量湿气中气油水三相各自的质量流量。
首先，根据伽马射线吸收方程有：
伽马射线1吸收方程:
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000018
伽马射线2吸收方程:
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000019
伽马射线3吸收方程:
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000020
其次，根据文丘里测量的质量流量与线性质量的关系，有方程：
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000021
其中Qo，Qg，Qw分别为油、气、水三相各自的线性质量。
根据放射源的特性，No,1、No,2和No,3存在比例关系：
N0,2＝f1N0,1,No,3＝f2No,1，其中f1和f2是已知比例系数，系天然恒定的系数，不随任何测量条件而改变，由于比例系数的存在，故三个未 知量N0,2、N0,3、N0,1实际上只能算作一个未知量N0,1。
这样，可以通过上述(10)-(13)四个方程就可以直接精确求解N0,1，Qw，Qo，Qg4个未知量，从而消除了对N0,1进行测量或标定的需要，由于不需要标定N0,1(即空管计数值)，从根本上避免了伽马射线接收器中的温度漂移对测量的影响，也就不需要在伽马射线接收器中设置恒温装置。
该方程组中，ao,1、ao,2、ao,3,ag,1、ag,2、ag,3和aw,1、aw,2、aw,3分别为油、气和水对伽马射线1、伽马射线2和伽马射线3在工况条件下的线性质量吸收系数，f1、f2为固定值，可通过标定方式而得到，Nx,1、Nx,2、Nx,3、ΔP为测量值，因而可以直接求解线性质量Qo、Qg、Qw为
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000024
再由文丘里计算质量流量公式
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000025
和质量相分率的定义，最终得到气、油和水三相的质量流量及总质量流量的计算公式为，
Qm,o＝Qm*OMF
(17)
Qm,g＝Qm*GMF
(18)
Qm,w＝Qm*WMF
(19)
上述方程中，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000032
C为节流型流量计流出系数
ε为流体压缩修正因子
β为节流型流量计直径比
D伽马射线测量的厚度，即为管道直径
ΔP差压
ρmix湿气在测量横截面上的平均面密度
ρmix＝(Qo+Qg+Qw)/S
S为测量横截面的面积
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000033
质量含油率，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000034
质量含气率，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000035
质量含水率，
Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-000036
Qo，Qg，Qw分别为需要求解的油、气、水三个线性质量；
α为待测流体对伽马射线的线性质量吸收系数，Q为伽马射线沿待测流体 的线性质量，下标1、2和3分别代表不同能级的伽马射线，o、g和w分别代表油、气和水。
本发明所述的测量装置及测量方法，是针对湿气中三相(油、气和水)的质量流量进行测量并计算进行阐述的，该装置及测量方法同样适用于对两相流进行测量并计算气相和液相的各自质量流量，相应地，利用伽马射线的放射源的两种能级，计算质量流量的原理和方法可以根据上述内容进行类推。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种测量湿气中气、油、水三相质量流量的测量装置，其包括以下构件：
    差压型流量计，其具有喉部段；
    伽马射线探测器，其包括伽马射线发射器和伽马射线接收器，其布置方式使得伽马射线发射器发出的伽马射线沿直径方向穿过所述喉部段到达所述伽马射线接收器；
    其特征在于：
    所述伽马射线发射器中的放射源为能天然发出至少三种能量伽马射线的多能放射源，所述伽马射线接收器中不使用恒温装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：还包括用于测量湿气温度的温度传感器和用于测量差压型流量计的节流管入口处与喉部之间的压差的差压传感器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：所述多能放射源为133Ba，其至少能发出31keV、81keV和356keV三种能量的伽马射线，或为176Lu其至少能发出307keV、202keV和88keV三种能量的伽马射线。
  4. 一种测量湿气中气油水三相质量流量的测量方法，其使用前述权利要求中任一项所述的测量装置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a)通过温度传感器测量湿气温度T，通过差压传感器测量差压管入口处与喉部之间的压差ΔP；通过伽马射线探测器测量三个伽马射线的透射强度Nx,1、Nx,2和Nx,3
    b)通过以下公式来计算湿气总质量流量和油、气和水三相各自质量流量：
    总质量流量：
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100001
    油质量流量：Qm,o＝QmOMF
    气质量流量：Qm,g＝QmGMF
    水质量流量：Qm,w＝QmWMF
    其中，
    质量含油率，
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100002
    质量含气率，
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100003
    质量含水率，
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100004
    其中Qo，Qg，Qw分别为油、气、水三相的线性质量，具体为：
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100007
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100014
    各式中字母含义如下：
    C为节流型流量计流出系数；
    ε为流体压缩修正因子；
    β为节流型流量计直径比；
    D伽马射线测量的厚度，即为管道直径；
    ΔP差压，为测量值；
    f1、f2第二股伽马射线和第三股伽马射线相对于第一股伽马射线的初始强度比值；
    Nx,1、Nx,2和Nx,3分别为三种能量伽马射线的透射强度，为测量值；
    ρmix湿气在测量横截面上的平均面密度；ρmix＝(Qo+Qg+Qw)/S
    S为测量横截面的面积
    Figure PCTCN2016085430-appb-100015
    α为待测流体对伽马射线的线性质量吸收系数，Q为伽马射线沿待测流体的线性质量，下标1、2和3分别代表不同能级的伽马射线，o、g和w分别代表油、气和水。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的测量方法，其特征在于，不对伽马射线接收器的测量结果进行任何温度漂移校正。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的测量方法，其特征在于，测量前无需对空管强度进行标定。
PCT/CN2016/085430 2016-05-30 2016-06-12 一种测量湿气中气油水三相质量流量的测量装置及测量方法 WO2017206199A1 (zh)

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