WO2017206128A1

WO2017206128A1 - Printing head for 3d printing, control system, 3d printer, and printing method

Info

Publication number: WO2017206128A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/084393
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈名乔
Original assignee: 深圳万为智能制造科技有限公司
Priority date: 2016-06-01
Filing date: 2016-06-01
Publication date: 2017-12-07

Abstract

A printing head for 3D printing comprises a housing (180), a screw extruding system (120), mounting bases (210), cylinders (220), valve needles (230), and nozzles (260). A driving system (110) is disposed at one end of the housing (180). The screw extruding system (120) is disposed in the housing (180) and consists of at least two screws that are nested therebetween in the inside and the outside, and at least one screw is driven by the driving system (110). The mounting bases (210) are mounted below the screw extruding system (120). One or a plurality of inner holes is axially distributed in the mounting bases (210), and a discharging branch opening (2111) is formed in the top or the side surface of each inner hole. The cylinders (220) are correspondingly mounted in the inner holes of the mounting bases (210), each cylinder (220) extends out from one end of the corresponding mounting base (210), and a cylinder feeding opening (2401) is formed in the top end of the cylinder (220). Valve cavities are formed in the cylinders (220). The valve needles (230) penetrate through the valve cavities of the cylinders (220) and are mounted on the mounting bases (210), and gaps between the valve needles (230) and the valve cavities form discharging channels (240) communicating with the cylinder feeding openings (2401). The nozzles (260) are disposed at the tail ends of the corresponding cylinders (220). The printing head has a light weight, a small size, has a balance between a high printing precision and a high printing speed, a novel design, high practicability and high economic value.

Description

发明名称： 3D打印用打印头、控制***、 3D打印机及打印方法技术领域 Title of Invention: Print Head, Control System, 3D Printer and Printing Method for 3D Printing

[0001] 本发明涉及 3D打印技术领域，尤其涉及一种 3D打印用打印头，用以控制该 3D 打印用打印头的一种控制***，采用上述 3D打印用打印头的一种 3D打印机以及一种打印方法。 [0001] The present invention relates to the field of 3D printing technologies, and in particular, to a 3D printing print head, a control system for controlling the 3D printing print head, a 3D printer using the 3D printing print head, and a Kind of printing method.

[0002] [0002]

[0003] 背景技术 BACKGROUND

[0004] 3D打印，是根据所设计的 3D模型，通过 3D打印设备逐层增加材料来制造三维产品的技术。这种逐层堆积成形技术又被称作增材制造。 3D打印综合了数字建模技术、机电控制技术、信息技术、材料科学与化学等诸多领域的前沿技术，是快速成型技术的一种，被誉为 "第三次工业革命"的核心技术。与传统制造技术相比， 3D打印不必事先制造模具，不必在制造过程中去除大量的材料，也不必通过复杂的锻造工艺就可以得到最终产品，因此，在生产上可以实现结构优化、节约材料和节省能源。 3D打印技术适合于新产品开发、快速单件及小批量零件制造、复杂形状零件的制造、模具的设计与制造等，也适合于难加工材料的制造、外形设计检査、装配检验和快速反求工程等。因此， 3D打印产业受到了囯内外越来越广泛的关注，将成为下一个具有广阔发展前景的朝阳产业。目前 , 3D打印已应用于产品原型、模具制造、艺术创意产品、珠宝制作等领域，可替代这些领域所依赖的传统精细加工工艺。除此之外，在生物工程与医学、建筑、服装等领域， 3D打印技术的引入也为其开拓了更广阔的发展空间。 [0004] 3D printing is a technique for manufacturing a three-dimensional product by layer-by-layer addition of materials by a 3D printing device according to a designed 3D model. This layer-by-layer stack forming technique is also referred to as additive manufacturing. 3D printing combines cutting-edge technologies in digital modeling technology, electromechanical control technology, information technology, materials science and chemistry, etc. It is a kind of rapid prototyping technology and is known as the core technology of the "third industrial revolution". Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printing does not need to make molds in advance, it does not have to remove a large amount of materials in the manufacturing process, and the final product can be obtained without complicated forging process. Therefore, structural optimization and material saving can be achieved in production. save energy. 3D printing technology is suitable for new product development, rapid single and small batch parts manufacturing, complex shape parts manufacturing, mold design and manufacturing, etc. It is also suitable for the manufacture of difficult materials, shape design inspection, assembly inspection and fast reverse Seeking engineering and so on. Therefore, the 3D printing industry has received more and more attention at home and abroad, and will become the next sunrise industry with broad development prospects. At present, 3D printing has been applied in the fields of product prototyping, mold making, artistic creative products, jewelry making, etc., and can replace the traditional fine processing technology that these fields rely on. In addition, in the fields of bioengineering and medicine, construction, and clothing, the introduction of 3D printing technology has opened up a broader space for development.

[0005] 然而，在大型工业级 3D打印机进行打印时，现有的打印头不能适应现有多种工业材料，如注塑材料，如果要使打印头适应多种材料则需要使用类注塑机的进料机构，但是注塑机的进料机构是非常笨重的，其自重非常大；而大型 3D打印机的工作台尺寸非常大，如果工作台运动而打印头不动， 3D打印机的占地面积将增加 4倍以上；体积也将增加若干倍，所以，大型 3D打印机需要保持工作台不动，而打印头运动，此时，打印头的自重就显著影响打印头的运动灵活性、运动加速度，而且打印机为了支撑更重的打印头而保持刚度保持精度，打印机也会变的非常笨重，故而就有降低打印头自重的迫切需求；同时，打印头的体积大也会极大的降低有效行程，特别是在高度方向有效行程的降低尤为明显，因此打印头的自重和体积都迫切需要轻量化、小型化，同吋轻量化、小型化也进一步降低了工业级 3D打印机的制造成本。总之，要满足适应于现有工业材料，按照现有技术设计的打印头其长度较长、自重较大，使 3D打印机体积庞大，能耗高，这些问题亟待解决。 [0005] However, when printing on large industrial-grade 3D printers, existing print heads cannot adapt to a variety of existing industrial materials, such as injection molding materials. If the print head is to be adapted to a variety of materials, it is necessary to use an injection molding machine. Feed mechanism, but the injection mechanism of the injection molding machine is very heavy, its own weight is very large; and the table size of the large 3D printer is very large, if the work table moves and the print head does not move, the footprint of the 3D printer will increase 4 More than double; the volume will also increase several times, so the large 3D printer needs to keep the worktable and the print head moves. At this time, the self-weight of the print head significantly affects the movement flexibility of the print head. Dynamic acceleration, and the printer maintains rigidity to maintain accuracy in order to support heavier printheads, and the printer becomes very cumbersome, so there is an urgent need to reduce the weight of the printhead; at the same time, the bulk of the printhead is greatly reduced. The effective stroke, especially in the height direction, is particularly conspicuous. Therefore, the weight and volume of the print head are urgently required to be lighter and smaller, and the weight reduction and miniaturization of the print head further reduce the manufacturing cost of the industrial grade 3D printer. In short, to meet the needs of existing industrial materials, the print head designed according to the prior art has a long length and a large self-weight, which makes the 3D printer bulky and has high energy consumption, and these problems need to be solved urgently.

[0006] [0006]

[0007] 发明内容 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] 本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术之不足而提供一种 3D打印用多重回旋挤出机，具有长度小、能耗低、散热面积减小、加热效率高、输出流量稳定等优点 [0008] The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a multi-rotation extruder for 3D printing, which has the advantages of small length, low energy consumption, reduced heat dissipation area, high heating efficiency, stable output flow, and the like.

[0009] 为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种 3D打印用打印头，包括： [0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a print head for 3D printing, including:

[0010] 机壳，所述机壳的一端设有驱动***； [0010] a casing, one end of the casing is provided with a driving system;

[0011] 螺杆挤出***，所述螺杆挤出***设于所述机壳内，所述螺杆挤出***由分内外嵌套的至少两重螺杆构成，其中，至少一个螺杆由所述驱动***驱动； [0011] a screw extrusion system, the screw extrusion system is disposed in the casing, the screw extrusion system is composed of at least two screws that are nested inside and outside, wherein at least one screw is driven by the drive system Drive

[0012] 伸缩喷嘴阀，所述伸缩喷嘴阀设于所述螺杆挤出***的下方，所述螺杆挤出系统挤出的物料经过伸缩喷嘴阀流出。 [0012] The telescopic nozzle valve is disposed below the screw extrusion system, and the material extruded by the screw extrusion system flows out through the telescopic nozzle valve.

[0013] 优选的，所述伸缩喷嘴阀包括： [0013] Preferably, the telescopic nozzle valve comprises:

[0014] 安装座，所述安装座可拆卸的安装于所述螺杆挤出***的下方；所述安装座下段内沿轴向分布有一个或数个内孔，所述安装座的上端设有出料歧口，所述出料歧口分别与每一内孔的上端相通，所述内孔的下端为开口； [0014] a mounting seat, the mounting seat is detachably mounted under the screw extrusion system; one or a plurality of inner holes are distributed in the lower portion of the lower portion of the mounting seat, and the upper end of the mounting seat is provided a discharge manifold, wherein the discharge ports are respectively communicated with an upper end of each inner hole, and a lower end of the inner hole is an opening;

[0015] 筒体，所述筒体可移动的安装在每一所述安装座的内孔中，所述筒体从安装座内孔的开口端伸出，所述筒体的顶端设有筒体进料口；所述筒体内为一空心阀腔； [0015] a cylinder, the cylinder is movably mounted in an inner hole of each of the mounts, the cylinder protrudes from an open end of the inner hole of the mount, and the top end of the cylinder is provided with a cylinder a body inlet; the cylinder is a hollow valve cavity;

[0016] 阀针，所述阀针穿过每一所述筒体的阀腔装配在所述安装座上； [0016] a valve needle, the valve needle is assembled on the mounting seat through a valve cavity of each of the barrels;

[0017] 喷嘴，所述喷嘴设于每一所述筒体伸出安装座一端的端部，所述喷嘴尾部设有喷嘴孔； [0018] 其中，所述阀针与所述阀腔的间隙形成出料通道，所述出料通道与出料歧口相通，所述喷嘴孔与出料通道相通。 [0017] a nozzle, the nozzle is disposed at an end of each of the barrel extending from one end of the mounting seat, and the nozzle tail is provided with a nozzle hole; [0018] wherein a gap between the valve needle and the valve cavity forms a discharge passage, the discharge passage is in communication with a discharge manifold, and the nozzle hole is in communication with the discharge passage.

[0019] 优选的，当安装座中设置多个内孔时，则为多通道伸缩喷嘴闽。 [0019] Preferably, when a plurality of inner holes are provided in the mount, the multi-channel telescopic nozzle 闽 is used.

[0020] 优选的，所述伸缩喷嘴阀还包括中空的风嘴结构； [0020] Preferably, the telescopic nozzle valve further comprises a hollow tuyere structure;

[0021] 所述风嘴结构从上到下依次风嘴密封段、出风段；所述喷嘴从上到下依次分为与所述风嘴密封段配合的喷嘴密封段和喷嘴凸起段；所述风嘴结构环绕安装于喷嘴外侧，所述风嘴结构上设有用以向风嘴结构供风的进风通道。 [0021] the tuyere structure sequentially from top to bottom, the tuyere sealing section, the outlet section; the nozzle is divided into a nozzle sealing section and a nozzle protrusion section that cooperate with the tuyere sealing section from top to bottom; The tuyeres are circumferentially mounted on the outside of the nozzle, and the tuyere structure is provided with an air inlet passage for supplying air to the tuyere structure.

[0022] 优选的，所述进风通道设于所述风嘴密封段的上段侧面或顶部，当喷嘴向上移动至所述风嘴密封段与所述喷嘴密封段滑动配合密封处吋，所述进风通道无法向出风段出风，当喷嘴向下移动至所述风嘴密封段与所述喷嘴密封段脱离配合吋，所述风嘴密封段与所述喷嘴密封段相互脱离用以形成通风空间，所述进风通道经过此通风空间向出风段出风。 [0022] Preferably, the air inlet passage is disposed at an upper side or a top portion of the tuyere sealing section, and when the nozzle moves upward to the sliding nozzle sealing section and the nozzle sealing section, the sliding sealing seal is The air inlet passage is unable to discharge air to the air outlet section, and when the nozzle moves downward until the tuyere seal section is disengaged from the nozzle sealing section, the tuyere seal section and the nozzle sealing section are separated from each other to form a ventilation space, wherein the air inlet passage passes through the ventilation space to the wind outlet section.

[0023] 优选的，所述喷嘴凸起段的横向宽度小于所述风嘴结构出风段的开口宽度用以形成出风间隙。 [0023] Preferably, the lateral width of the nozzle protrusion segment is smaller than the opening width of the air outlet portion of the tuyere structure to form an air outlet gap.

[0024] 优选的，所述喷嘴凸起段呈锥形或半球形。 [0024] Preferably, the nozzle protrusion segment is tapered or hemispherical.

[0025] 优选的，所述风嘴结构从上到下依次分为风嘴避空段、风嘴密封段、出风段； [0026] 所述喷嘴从上到下依次分为喷嘴避空段、与所述风嘴密封段配合的喷嘴密封段、喷嘴凸起段； [0025] Preferably, the air nozzle structure is divided into a wind nozzle avoiding section, a tuyere sealing section and an air outlet section from top to bottom; [0026] the nozzle is divided into a nozzle avoiding section from top to bottom. a nozzle sealing section and a nozzle protrusion section that cooperate with the tuyere sealing section;

[0027] 其中，所述喷嘴避空段与所述风嘴避空段之间形成有通风空间。 [0027] wherein a ventilation space is formed between the nozzle avoidance section and the tuyere avoidance section.

[0028] 优选的，所述喷嘴避空段与所述风嘴避空段之间部分接触局部避空，其接触部分用以起导向作用、局部避空部分起通风作用。 [0028] Preferably, a partial contact between the nozzle avoidance section and the air nozzle avoidance section is partially avoided, and the contact part is used for guiding, and the partial avoidance part is for ventilation.

[0029] 优选的，所述风嘴避空段的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段的外轮廓为绕轴向间隔设置的弧形面，圆柱面与弧形面相切形成接触面，在两个相邻的接触面之间为非接触面，非接触面与风嘴避空段内轮廓之间形成出风空间。 [0029] Preferably, the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle avoidance section is an arc surface disposed at an axial interval, and the cylindrical surface is tangent to the curved surface to form a contact surface. , a non-contact surface between two adjacent contact faces, and an air outlet space is formed between the non-contact surface and the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section.

[0030] 优选的，所述风嘴避空段的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段的外轮廓具有绕轴向间隔设置的若干侧棱，圆柱面与侧棱线接触，所述喷嘴避空段与风嘴避空段之间还形成出风空间。 [0030] Preferably, the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle avoidance section has a plurality of side edges spaced apart from each other in the axial direction, and the cylindrical surface is in contact with the side ridge line, An air outlet space is also formed between the nozzle avoiding section and the air nozzle avoiding section.

[0031] 优选的，所述风嘴避空段的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段的外轮廓具有绕轴心螺旋设置、并沿圆周方向间隔排列的螺旋风槽。 [0031] Preferably, the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle avoidance section has a winding A spiral wind groove in which the axis is spirally arranged and spaced in the circumferential direction.

[0032] 优选的，所述喷嘴密封段与喷嘴凸起段之间的外轮廓上还设有一便于使用标准扳手拧紧所述喷嘴的棱台。 [0032] Preferably, an outer contour between the nozzle sealing section and the nozzle protrusion section is further provided with a rib which facilitates tightening the nozzle by using a standard wrench.

[0033] 优选的，所述螺杆挤出***由外至内依次包括有一级螺杆、二级螺杆、三级螺杆；所述一级螺杆、二级螺杆、三级螺杆内分别设有空腔；所述一级螺杆的螺旋角小于二级螺杆的螺旋角，所述二级螺杆的螺旋角小于三级螺杆的螺旋角； [0033] Preferably, the screw extrusion system includes a first-stage screw, a second-stage screw, and a third-stage screw from the outside to the inside; respectively; the first-stage screw, the second-stage screw, and the third-stage screw are respectively provided with cavities; The helix angle of the first screw is smaller than the helix angle of the second screw, and the helix angle of the second screw is smaller than the helix angle of the third screw;

[0034] 所述机壳与一级螺杆之间形成一级热流道，所述二级螺杆与一级螺杆之间形成二级热流道，所述三级螺杆与所述二级螺杆之间形成三级热流道；所述三级热流道与所述第一进料口相导通；所述一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道依次串联相通形成连续通道；所述一级螺杆、二级螺杆、三级螺杆中的一个或者多个由驱动***驱动转动。 [0034] a first-stage hot runner is formed between the casing and the first-stage screw, and a secondary hot runner is formed between the secondary screw and the primary screw, and the third-stage screw and the secondary screw are formed. a third-stage hot runner; the third-stage hot runner is electrically connected to the first inlet; the first-stage hot runner, the second-stage hot runner, and the third-stage hot runner are sequentially connected in series to form a continuous passage; One or more of the screw, the secondary screw, and the tertiary screw are driven to rotate by the drive system.

[0035] 优选的，所述二级热流道与三级热流道的交汇处上设有用于排放材料产生气体的微孔。 [0035] Preferably, the intersection of the secondary hot runner and the tertiary hot runner is provided with micropores for discharging the material to generate gas.

[0036] 优选的，所述三级热流道是螺杆挤出***的一部分，并延伸到出料歧口处，三级热流道是从螺杆挤出***出料的出料段，三级热流道是向伸缩喷嘴阀进料的进料段。 [0036] Preferably, the tertiary hot runner is part of a screw extrusion system and extends to a discharge manifold, the tertiary hot runner is a discharge section discharged from the screw extrusion system, and a tertiary hot runner It is the feed section that feeds the telescoping nozzle valve.

[0037] 优选的，所述物料在一级热流道中的理论挤出量大于物料在二级热流道中的理论基础量，物料在二级热流道中的理论挤出量大于物料在三级热流道中的理论挤出量，其中，物料在三级热流道中的理论挤出量处于物料额定的挤出量阈值范围之内。 [0037] Preferably, the theoretical extrusion amount of the material in the primary hot runner is greater than the theoretical basic amount of the material in the secondary hot runner, and the theoretical extrusion amount of the material in the secondary hot runner is greater than that of the material in the tertiary hot runner. The theoretical amount of extrusion, wherein the theoretical amount of extrusion of the material in the tertiary hot runner is within the threshold of the nominal extrusion amount of the material.

[0038] 优选的，所述一级螺杆由驱动***驱动；所述二级螺杆与机壳固定连接。 [0038] Preferably, the primary screw is driven by a driving system; the secondary screw is fixedly connected to the casing.

[0039] 优选的，所述一级热流道和 \或二级热流道和\或三级热流道的截面积沿物料流动方向逐渐降低。 [0039] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the primary hot runner and the second or second hot runner and/or the tertiary hot runner gradually decreases along the flow direction of the material.

[0040] 优选的，所述三级螺杆的下方两侧还分别设有压力传感器和流量传感器。 [0040] Preferably, the lower side of the three-stage screw is further provided with a pressure sensor and a flow sensor, respectively.

[0041] 优选的，所述机壳的一侧设有原料进料口，所述原料进料口还与一供料***相连，所述供料***是气动供料***，所述气动供料***将颗粒状或粉末状的物料输送到原料进料口并顺次通过一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道、出料歧口、筒体进料口、出料通道、喷嘴孔。 [0042] 优选的，所述驱动***是减速电机；所述减速电机通过法兰盘与一级螺杆可拆卸连接。 [0041] Preferably, one side of the casing is provided with a raw material feeding port, and the raw material feeding port is further connected to a feeding system, the feeding system is a pneumatic feeding system, and the pneumatic feeding is The system transports the granular or powdered material to the raw material feed inlet and sequentially passes through the primary hot runner, the secondary hot runner, the tertiary hot runner, the discharge manifold, the cylinder inlet, the discharge passage, and the nozzle. hole. [0042] Preferably, the driving system is a geared motor; the geared motor is detachably connected to the first stage screw through a flange.

[0043] 优选的，所述筒体釆用流体传力方式在所述安装座内孔中做轴向方向运动； [0044] 所述内孔上与筒体上段外周缘和下段外周缘相接触处分别设有填制有滑动密封材料的上密封件和下密封件；所述筒体在所述上密封件与所述下密封件之间的中段还有一起活塞作用的筒体圆柱；所述筒体圆柱侧壁上设有至少一个环形凹槽；所述环形凹槽内填制有滑动密封材料，使所述筒体与安装座密封连接； [0045] 所述筒体圆柱与上密封件之间有第一流体室，所述筒体圆柱与下密封件之间有第二流体室； [0043] Preferably, the cylinder body is axially moved in the inner hole of the mounting seat by means of fluid force transmission; [0044] the inner hole is in contact with the outer circumference of the upper section of the cylinder and the outer circumference of the lower section An upper seal and a lower seal filled with a sliding sealing material are respectively disposed; the middle portion of the cylinder between the upper seal and the lower seal further has a cylindrical cylinder acting as a piston; At least one annular groove is disposed on the side wall of the cylindrical body; the annular groove is filled with a sliding sealing material to seal the barrel to the mounting seat; [0045] the cylindrical body is sealed with the upper portion There is a first fluid chamber between the pieces, and a second fluid chamber is between the cylinder cylinder and the lower seal;

[0046] 所述筒体的上段设有一限位通槽，所述限位通槽与阀针顶部侧面的限位键滑动配合用以使筒体进料口与出料歧口对齐。 [0046] The upper portion of the cylinder body is provided with a limiting through groove, and the limiting through groove is slidably engaged with the limit button on the top side of the valve needle for aligning the inlet port of the cylinder with the discharge opening.

[0047] 优选的，所述第一流体室通过第一流体通孔与第一流体阀相连；所述第二流体室通过第二流体通孔与第二流体阀相连。 [0047] Preferably, the first fluid chamber is connected to the first fluid valve through the first fluid through hole; and the second fluid chamber is connected to the second fluid valve through the second fluid through hole.

[0048] 优选的，所述滑动密封材料为膨胀石墨。 [0048] Preferably, the sliding sealing material is expanded graphite.

[0049] 优选的，所述阀针的头部或一侧通过至少两个定位螺栓固定于所述安装座上。 [0049] Preferably, the head or one side of the valve needle is fixed to the mounting seat by at least two positioning bolts.

[0050] 优选的，所述机壳和 \或所述安装座的外侧设有电加热装置。 [0050] Preferably, the casing and the outer side of the mounting seat are provided with electric heating devices.

[0051] 优选的，所述筒体设置有四个，与所述筒体相配套的阀针也设置有四个。 [0051] Preferably, the cylinder is provided with four, and the valve needle matched with the cylinder is also provided with four.

[0052] 优选的，所述安装座分段设置，相邻的两段之间固定连接。 [0052] Preferably, the mounting seat segment is disposed, and the adjacent two segments are fixedly connected.

[0053] 本发明还提供一种控制***，用以对 3D打印用打印头实现自动控制，其包括： [0053] The present invention also provides a control system for implementing automatic control of a print head for 3D printing, including:

[0054] 控制电路； [0054] a control circuit;

[0055] 温控***，所述温控***与控制电路电连接； [0055] a temperature control system, the temperature control system is electrically connected to the control circuit;

[0056] 压力传感器，所述压力传感器与控制电路电连接； [0056] a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control circuit;

[0057] 流量传感器，所述流量传感器与控制电路电连接； [0057] a flow sensor, the flow sensor is electrically connected to the control circuit;

[0058] 驱动***，所述驱动***与控制电路电连接， [0058] a drive system, the drive system is electrically connected to the control circuit,

[0059] 其中，所述温控***通过反馈调节控制物料的熔化状态，所述压力传感器、流量传感器监测三级热流道出口处熔融态物料的压力、流量参数并回传至控制电路，控制电路根据压力、流量参数反馈调节驱动***的动力输出参数，使熔融态物料从喷嘴流出吋的实际流量处于预设的流量阈值范围内； [0060] 还包括一喷嘴阀控制***。 [0059] wherein, the temperature control system controls the melting state of the material through feedback adjustment, and the pressure sensor and the flow sensor monitor the pressure and flow parameters of the molten material at the outlet of the third-stage hot runner and return it to the control circuit, and the control circuit Adjusting the power output parameters of the drive system according to the pressure and flow parameter feedback, so that the actual flow rate of the molten material flowing out of the nozzle is within a preset flow threshold range; [0060] Also included is a nozzle valve control system.

[0061] 本发明还提供一种 3D打印机，其包括机架，所述机架上设有至少一个如上述的 3D打印用打印头。该打印机采用了本发明的 3D打印用打印头，根据伸缩喷嘴 H 的不同， 3D打印用打印头分为无风嘴、有风嘴两种。此外，安装座上还可设置一气流通道、在内孔内侧壁上设置环形风室，通过气流通道向环形风室通入压力气体，压力气体的压力高于三级热流道内熔融态物料的压力，从而达到气密封的效果，根据是否具有单独的气密封性能将本发明的 3D打印用打印头分为无单独气密封、有单独气密封两种。如为无单独气密封形式，则第一流体室、第二流体室内通入气体或液体时，也可以起到气密封的作用。若将有无风嘴、有无单独气密性相结合，则产生四种 3D打印用打印头，即无风嘴且无单独气密封、无风嘴且有单独气密封、有风嘴且无单独气密封、有风嘴且有单独气密封这四种形式，这四种形式的 3D打印用打印头都是本发明的实施例。此外，在螺旋挤出***的机壳上还形成有进料锥口，所述进料锥口设于机壳上且靠近一级螺杆的进料端，用以提升进料速度，则可将 3D打印用打印头又可分为有进料锥口、无进料锥口两种形式。此外，筒体的运动行程可用于调节伸缩喷嘴阀的流出打印物料的流量，从而 3D打印用打印头具有末端流量可调、末端流量不可调两种。 [0061] The present invention also provides a 3D printer including a gantry on which at least one 3D printing printhead as described above is provided. This printer employs the 3D printing print head of the present invention. According to the expansion nozzle H, the 3D printing print head is divided into a windless nozzle and a wind nozzle. In addition, an air flow passage may be disposed on the mounting seat, and an annular air chamber is disposed on the inner side wall of the inner hole, and the pressure gas is introduced into the annular air chamber through the air flow passage, and the pressure of the pressure gas is higher than the pressure of the molten material in the third-stage hot runner. In order to achieve the effect of hermetic sealing, the 3D printing print head of the present invention is divided into two types without a separate air seal and a single air seal depending on whether or not it has a separate airtight performance. In the absence of a separate airtight form, the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber may also function as a gas seal when a gas or liquid is introduced. If there is a tuyere with or without separate airtightness, four types of print heads for 3D printing are produced, namely no air nozzle and no separate air seal, no air nozzle and separate air seal, air nozzle and no There are four forms of separate hermetic seals, air nozzles, and separate air seals. These four forms of print heads for 3D printing are embodiments of the present invention. In addition, a feed taper is formed on the casing of the spiral extrusion system, and the feed taper is disposed on the casing and adjacent to the feed end of the primary screw to increase the feed rate, and then The print head for 3D printing can be divided into two types: a feed cone and a feed cone. In addition, the movement stroke of the cylinder can be used to adjust the flow rate of the discharge material flowing out of the telescopic nozzle valve, so that the print head for 3D printing has two kinds of end flow rate adjustable and end flow rate not adjustable.

[0062] 优选的，还包括驱动***，所述驱动***用以驱动所述 3D打印用打印头，使之准确运动至三维空间内任意一点。 [0062] Preferably, a driving system is further included, and the driving system is configured to drive the 3D printing print head to accurately move to any point in the three-dimensional space.

[0063] 本发明还提供一种打印方法，其包括釆用如上述的 3D打印用打印头进行增材制造的步骤。 The present invention also provides a printing method comprising the steps of additive manufacturing using a print head for 3D printing as described above.

[0064] 本发明的有益效果是： [0064] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0065] 1、本发明的打印头采用多重螺旋挤出机、多通道伸缩喷嘴阀，使打印头的自重降低、尺寸降低，增加了打印头的运动灵活性；由于采用了螺旋挤出机构，本发明的打印头适应现有的各种工业材料，如注塑材料，使本发明的大型 3D打印机的适用场景、适用范围更为广阔；通过降低打印头的自重，降低了驱动打印头的动力机构的工作负担，降低了制造成本；通过降低打印头的自重，进一步提高了打印的加速度，也即提高了综合打印速度； [0066] 2、本发明通过采用多通道伸缩喷嘴阀，釆用大小口径变化的多个喷嘴，小口径喷嘴适用于高精度打印，大口径喷嘴则提高打印速度；在不同的吋刻釆用不同口径的喷嘴，将 3D打印的速度与精度达到完美统一。 [0065] 1. The print head of the invention adopts a multi-screw extruder and a multi-channel telescopic nozzle valve, so that the self-weight of the print head is reduced and the size is reduced, and the movement flexibility of the print head is increased; The print head of the present invention adapts to various existing industrial materials, such as injection molding materials, to make the application scene and application range of the large 3D printer of the present invention wider; by reducing the weight of the print head, the power mechanism for driving the print head is reduced. The work load reduces the manufacturing cost; by reducing the weight of the print head, the printing acceleration is further improved, that is, the integrated printing speed is improved; [0066] 2. The present invention adopts a multi-channel telescopic nozzle valve, and uses a plurality of nozzles of different sizes and sizes, a small-diameter nozzle is suitable for high-precision printing, and a large-diameter nozzle is used to increase printing speed; The caliber nozzle perfectly combines the speed and accuracy of 3D printing.

[0067] 3、本发明的挤出机大幅度缩小了长度且直径增加不多，使工业级 3D打印机的尺寸可以进一步缩小，本发明的挤出机相对于现有的挤出机还缩小了体积。 [0067] 3. The extruder of the present invention has a large reduction in length and a small increase in diameter, so that the size of the industrial grade 3D printer can be further reduced, and the extruder of the present invention is further reduced compared to the existing extruder. volume.

[0068] 4、本发明通过设置多重螺杆，外层螺杆的直径变大，在同样的挤出量情况下导致外层螺杆的螺旋角可以变平缓，使流体材料在螺杆上的滑差变小，因此能产生更大的推进力，使后级螺杆流道中的材料减少滑动，使后级螺杆的热流道中的挤出量更接近于理论值，经过多级逼近理论值最终实现材料的定压定量稳定输出。一级螺杆的直径大于二级螺杆，二级螺杆的直径大于三级螺杆的直径 , 一级螺杆的导程小于二级螺杆的导程，二级螺杆的导程小于三级螺杆的导程，一级螺杆的螺旋角平缓于二级螺杆的螺旋角，二级螺杆的螺旋角平缓于三级螺杆的螺旋角在前两级螺杆的作用下，物料能保持与第三螺杆相匹配的速度前进，这是单一一根螺杆难以做到的。 [0068] 4. By providing a multi-screw, the diameter of the outer screw becomes larger, and the spiral angle of the outer screw can be flattened under the same extrusion amount, so that the slip of the fluid material on the screw becomes smaller. Therefore, it can generate greater propulsive force, reduce the sliding material in the downstream screw flow passage, and make the extrusion amount in the hot runner of the rear-stage screw closer to the theoretical value, and finally achieve the constant pressure of the material after multi-stage approximation theoretical value. Quantitatively stabilize the output. The diameter of the primary screw is larger than that of the secondary screw, the diameter of the secondary screw is larger than the diameter of the tertiary screw, the lead of the primary screw is smaller than the lead of the secondary screw, and the lead of the secondary screw is smaller than the lead of the tertiary screw. The helix angle of the first screw is flat on the helix angle of the secondary screw, and the helix angle of the second screw is gentler than the helix angle of the third screw. Under the action of the first two stages of the screw, the material can maintain the speed matching with the third screw. This is difficult to do with a single screw.

[0069] 5、螺旋角越陡峭，物料（流体或者包含流体的多相物料）在挤出过程中越容易打滑，而一级螺杆的螺旋角很平缓，物料不容易打滑，所以虽然二级螺杆、三级螺杆在挤出过程中，物料容易打滑，但是由于一级螺杆在外部，物料无法反方向运动，这就迫使物料单方向向前运动。如果是单一螺杆，虽然也可以实现多级变化，但是由于直径很接近，在相同挤出量的情况下，螺旋角的变化范围难以有较大的差别，即使使用不同的直径直线排列（在直线方向上分段设置 ) 也会导致散热面积大、热效率降低并且长度增加、体积变大，不利于 3D打印机的轻量化和小型化，在大型打印机上由于工作台非常巨大，一般都是打印头移动，所增加的重量会影响打印头的打印运动灵活性，从而降低打印速度，增加的重量也使打印机的运动支撑机构的载荷变大，动态刚度降低，这些都不利于高效率、高精度打印。 [0069] 5. The steeper the helix angle, the easier the material (fluid or multi-phase material containing fluid) to slip during the extrusion process, and the helix angle of the first-stage screw is gentle, the material is not easy to slip, so although the secondary screw, During the extrusion process of the three-stage screw, the material is easy to slip, but since the primary screw is external, the material cannot move in the opposite direction, which forces the material to move forward in a single direction. If it is a single screw, although it is possible to achieve multi-stage variation, since the diameters are very close, it is difficult to make a large difference in the range of the helix angle in the case of the same amount of extrusion, even if linear lines are arranged using different diameters (in a straight line) The segmentation in the direction) also results in a large heat dissipation area, a decrease in thermal efficiency, an increase in length, and a large volume, which is disadvantageous for weight reduction and miniaturization of a 3D printer. In a large printer, since the table is very large, the print head is generally moved. The added weight affects the printing movement flexibility of the print head, thereby reducing the printing speed. The increased weight also increases the load of the motion support mechanism of the printer and reduces the dynamic stiffness, which is not conducive to high efficiency and high precision printing.

[0070] 6、本发明采用多重回旋挤出技术， 3D打印用物料在连续的 N字形的一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道中经过加热熔化、由于流向反复改变，搅拌效果非常明显，使物料中各组分混合更加均匀，特别是有些的微量的添加剂在这种高效的搅拌机制下，充分分散到材料的各部分，增加了最终固化材料的各向同性。 [0070] 6. The invention adopts multiple cyclotron extrusion technology, and the material for 3D printing is heated and melted in a continuous N-shaped first-stage hot runner, second-stage hot runner, and third-stage hot runner, and the stirring effect is very high due to repeated changes in the flow direction. Obviously, the components in the material are more evenly mixed, especially some trace additives in this Under the efficient stirring mechanism, fully dispersed into the various parts of the material increases the isotropy of the final cured material.

[0071] 7、釆用多重回旋技术在同样的挤出量的情况下长度縮短、直径略有变大，但总的体积和总的表面积减小，使散热面积减小，因此能耗低。热能利用率高，更加低碳、绿色、节能、环保；本发明还采用反馈调节机制，进一步提升了对输出流量的控制精度。 [0071] 7. With the multiple swirling technique, the length is shortened and the diameter is slightly increased in the case of the same amount of extrusion, but the total volume and the total surface area are reduced, so that the heat dissipation area is reduced, and thus the energy consumption is low. The utility model has high heat utilization rate, is more low carbon, green, energy saving and environmental protection; and the invention also adopts a feedback adjustment mechanism to further improve the control precision of the output flow.

[0072] 8、本发明提供两种打印头，一种是无风嘴的 3D打印用打印头，另一种是有风嘴的 3D打印用打印头，釆用风嘴结构，采用风嘴结构，则出风均匀，在出料的同时还可以实现出风，且环形出风，非常适合 3D打印头位置时刻变动的工况，使气流方向始终保持与刚挤出的物料相一致。当使用多个喷嘴吋，工作的喷嘴可以实现正常出风，而不工作的喷嘴无法出风，这就非常便于采用多个喷嘴进行打印操作。而釆用风扇进行风冷散热的工艺、设备，散热精度低，噪音大，能耗高，且由于不能预判打印头挤出物料的角度，出风面难以连续跟踪打印头空间位置、角度的变化，导致气流对物料产生不均一的压力，容易导致产品变形或者刚挤出的物料的流动、变形，这就会影响打印的精度。本发明解决了这一疑难，且本发明结构简单，不容易发生故障。 [0072] 8. The present invention provides two types of print heads, one is a 3D printing print head without a tuyer, the other is a 3D printing print head with a tuyere, the tuyere structure is adopted, and the tuyere structure is adopted. , the air is evenly distributed, and the air can be discharged at the same time as the discharge, and the annular air outlet is very suitable for the condition that the position of the 3D print head changes at all times, so that the air flow direction is always consistent with the material just extruded. When multiple nozzles are used, the working nozzles can achieve normal airflow, while the non-working nozzles cannot produce air, which makes it easy to print with multiple nozzles. The process and equipment for air-cooling and cooling using a fan have low heat dissipation precision, high noise, high energy consumption, and it is difficult to continuously track the position and angle of the print head due to the inability to predict the angle of the extrusion material of the print head. The change causes the airflow to produce uneven pressure on the material, which may easily cause deformation of the product or flow or deformation of the material just extruded, which may affect the accuracy of printing. The present invention solves this problem, and the present invention has a simple structure and is less prone to failure.

[0073] 8、本发明釆用气动控制***，可以灵活的控制多个喷嘴的开闭，提升 3D打印的速度；喷嘴的口径可以调节，用以控制 3D打印的精度；本发明的伸缩喷嘴阀保温效果好；喷嘴与闽针采用线接触，避免喷嘴与阀针产生粘连，如此，避免了喷嘴与闺针的堵塞，稳定性、可靠性更佳，如此更提高了 3D打印机的无故障运行时间；本发明实现了多通道喷出 3D打印所用的物料，多个通道可以并发的喷出 3D打印用物料，如此， 3D打印更佳高效、灵活；本发明的安装座采用分段式设置，便于对膨胀石墨进行安装，采用膨胀石墨充当滑动密封材料非常可靠 , 伸缩喷嘴阀是在高温下工作，液体滑动密封材料难以在高温下稳定存在，釆用膨胀石墨可以长久的实现密封，并且还具有润滑性能。 [0073] 8. The pneumatic control system of the invention can flexibly control the opening and closing of a plurality of nozzles and improve the speed of 3D printing; the diameter of the nozzle can be adjusted to control the precision of 3D printing; the telescopic nozzle valve of the invention The heat preservation effect is good; the nozzle and the needle are in line contact to prevent the nozzle from sticking to the valve needle, thus avoiding the blockage of the nozzle and the needle, and the stability and reliability are better, thereby improving the trouble-free running time of the 3D printer. The invention realizes the material used for multi-channel discharge 3D printing, and the plurality of channels can simultaneously eject the material for 3D printing, so that the 3D printing is more efficient and flexible; the mounting seat of the invention adopts the segmented setting, which is convenient The installation of expanded graphite is very reliable with expanded graphite as a sliding sealing material. The telescopic nozzle valve works at high temperatures. The liquid sliding sealing material is difficult to be stable at high temperatures. The expanded graphite can be used for long-term sealing and lubrication. performance.

[0074] 9、本发明稳定性好，可靠性佳，操作使用方便，设计新颖，实用性强，易于推广应用。 [0074] 9. The invention has good stability, good reliability, convenient operation and use, novel design, strong practicability and easy application.

[0075] [0076] 附图说明 [0075] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] 图 1是本发明一实施例的整体结构示意图； 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] 图 2是图 1的部分示意图； Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of Figure 1;

[0079] 图 3是图 1的另一部分第一实施例的示意图； 3 is a schematic view of another portion of the first embodiment of FIG. 1;

[0080] 图 4是图 1的另一部分第二实施例的示意图； 4 is a schematic view of another portion of the second embodiment of FIG. 1;

[0081] 图 5是图 4的局部示意图； Figure 5 is a partial schematic view of Figure 4;

[0082] 图 6是图 4中喷嘴一实施例的结构示意图； 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the nozzle of FIG. 4;

[0083] 图 7是本发明的控制流程图； Figure 7 is a control flow chart of the present invention;

[0084] 附图标记： [0084] Reference numerals:

[0085] 驱动*** 110; 螺杆挤出*** 120; —级螺杆 1201 ; 二级螺杆 1202; 三级螺杆 27 2；电加热装置 130; 喷嘴阀控制*** 140; 原料进料口 150; 供料*** 151 ; 压力传感器 161 ; 流量传感器 162; 控制电路 170; 机壳 ISO; 进料锥口 1801 ; [0085] drive system 110; screw extrusion system 120; - stage screw 1201; secondary screw 1202; third stage screw 27 2; electric heating device 130; nozzle valve control system 140; raw material feed port 150; Pressure sensor 161; flow sensor 162; control circuit 170; housing ISO; feed cone 1801;

[0086] 安装座 210; 三级热流道 211 ; 出料歧口 2111 ; 筒体 220; 上密封件 2201 ; 下密封件 2202; 筒体圆柱 221 ; 环形凹槽 2211 ; 阀针 230; 定位螺栓 231 ; 限位键 232 ；出料通道 240; 筒体进料口 2401 ; 限位通槽 2402; 第一流体室 251 ; 第一流体通孔 2511 ; 第二流体室 252; 第二流体通孔 2521 ; 环形气室 253; 压力气体通道 2 531；喷嘴 260; 棱台 2602; 喷嘴避空段 261 ; 喷嘴密封段 262; 喷嘴凸起段 263; 喷嘴孔 2631 ; 进风通道 264; 风嘴结构 280; 风嘴避空段 2801 ; 风嘴密封段 2802 ；出风段 2803。 [0086] mounting seat 210; tertiary hot runner 211; discharge manifold 2111; cylinder 220; upper seal 2201; lower seal 2202; cylinder cylinder 221; annular groove 2211; valve needle 230; Limiting button 232; discharging passage 240; cylinder feeding port 2401; limiting through groove 2402; first fluid chamber 251; first fluid through hole 2511; second fluid chamber 252; second fluid through hole 2521; Annular gas chamber 253; pressure gas passage 2 531; nozzle 260; prism 2602; nozzle avoidance section 261; nozzle sealing section 262; nozzle projection section 263; nozzle hole 2631; inlet passage 264; tuyere structure 280; Nozzle avoidance section 2801; tuyere seal section 2802; outlet section 2803.

[0087] 本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。 [0087] The implementation, functional features, and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] [0088]

[0089] 具体实施方式 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] 下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。 The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the examples of the embodiments are illustrated in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals are used to refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting.

[0091] 在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语"中心"、 "纵向"、 "横向"、 "长度"、 " 宽度"、 "厚度"、 "上"、 "下"、 "前"、 "后"、 "左"、 "右"、 "竖直"、 "水平"、 "顶" 、 "底 ""内"、 "外"、 "顺时针"、 "逆时针"等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。 [0091] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "previous"","after","left","right","vertical","horizontal","top" Orientation or positional relationship of "bottom", "inside", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, for convenience of description of the present invention and simplified description. It is not intended to be a limitation or limitation of the invention.

[0092] 在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语"安装"、 "相连"、 "连接"、 "固定"等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。 [0092] In the present invention, the terms "installation", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection or a Removable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal communication between the two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

[0093] 请参阅图 1，本发明提供一种 3D打印用打印头，包括机壳 180、螺杆挤出*** 12 0和伸缩喷嘴阀，其中，伸缩喷嘴闽根据有无风嘴结构 280分为两种，一种是无风嘴伸缩喷嘴阀，另一种是有风嘴伸缩喷嘴阀。所述机壳 180的一端设有驱动系统 110; 所述螺杆挤出*** 120设于所述机壳 180内，所述螺杆挤出*** 120由分内外嵌套的至少两重螺杆构成，其中，至少一个螺杆由所述驱动*** 110驱动；所述伸缩喷嘴阀设于所述螺杆挤出*** 120的下方并位于所述机壳 180的下方，所述螺杆挤出*** 120挤出的物料经过伸缩喷嘴阀流出。所述螺杆挤出*** 120 将输入的物料制成熔融的物料，并通过伸缩喷嘴阀可关闭的流出。伸缩喷嘴阔可设置成多通道的，如此，每一通道的输出口径不同，则可根据需要选用合适的口径出料，用以实现打印精度与速度的平衡。 Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention provides a print head for 3D printing, comprising a casing 180, a screw extrusion system 120 and a telescopic nozzle valve, wherein the telescopic nozzle 分为 is divided into two according to the presence or absence of the tuyere structure 280. One type is a bellless retractable nozzle valve, and the other is a tuyere retractable nozzle valve. One end of the casing 180 is provided with a driving system 110; the screw extrusion system 120 is disposed in the casing 180, and the screw extrusion system 120 is composed of at least two screws that are nested inside and outside, wherein At least one screw is driven by the drive system 110; the telescopic nozzle valve is disposed below the screw extrusion system 120 and below the casing 180, and the material extruded by the screw extrusion system 120 is expanded and contracted. The nozzle valve flows out. The screw extrusion system 120 forms the molten material into a molten material and can be closed by a telescopic nozzle valve. The telescopic nozzle can be set to be multi-channel. Therefore, if the output diameter of each channel is different, the appropriate diameter can be selected according to the need to achieve the balance between printing accuracy and speed.

[0094] 具体而言，请参阅图 2，所述螺杆挤出*** 120由外至内依次包括有一级螺杆 12 01、二级螺杆 1202、三级螺杆 272，即采用三重螺杆；所述一级螺杆 1201、二级螺杆 1202内分别设有空腔（而三级螺杆 272是否呈空腔结构并不限定）；所述机壳 180与一级螺杆 1201之间形成一级热流道，所述二级螺杆 1202与一级螺杆 1201 之间形成二级热流道，所述三级螺杆 272与所述二级螺杆 1202之间形成三级热流道 211 ; 所述三级热流道 211与所述出料歧口 2111相导通；所述一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道 211依次串联相通形成连续的 N字形通道；所述一级螺杆 1 201、二级螺杆 1202、三级螺杆 272中的一个或者多个由驱动*** 110驱动转动。其中，所述一级螺杆 1201由驱动*** 110驱动；所述二级螺杆 1202与机壳 180处于静止状态。所述一级热流道和 \或二级热流道和\或三级热流道 211的截面积沿物料流动方向逐渐降低。所述三级螺杆 272的下方连接有伸缩喷嘴陶，所述喷嘴 260***与三级热流道 211处于导通状态；所述喷嘴 260***的两侧还分别设有压力传感器 161和流量传感器 162。所述机壳 180的一侧设有原料进料口 150，所述原料进料口 150还与一供料*** 151相连，所述供料*** 151是气动供料*** 151 , 所述气动供料*** 151将颗粒状或粉末状的物料输送到原料进料口 150并顺次通过一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道 211、喷嘴 260***。所述二级热流道、三级热流道的交汇处上还设有至少一个用以排放物料中气体的微孔。所述机壳 180的外侧还设有加热装置。所述驱动*** 110是减速电机；所述减速电机通过法兰盘与一级螺杆 1201可拆卸连接。在机壳 180上并靠近一级热流道进料端处形成有进料锥口 1801，用以提升进料速度。此外，所述物料在一级热流道中的理论挤出量大于物料在二级热流道中的理论基础量，物料在二级热流道中的理论挤出量大于物料在三级热流道 211中的理论挤出量，其中，物料在三级热流道 211中的理论挤出量处于物料额定的挤出量阈值范围之内。要实现同样的挤出量，一级螺杆 1201比二级螺杆 1202、三级螺杆 272的螺旋角要平缓，从而物料在一级热流道中不容易滑动，而物料在二级热流道、三级热流道中虽然容易滑动 , 但是，由于一级热流道中的物料产生了封堵效果，避免物料反方向运动，这是釆用单一一根螺杆无法实现的。 Specifically, referring to FIG. 2, the screw extrusion system 120 includes a first stage screw 12 01, a second stage screw 1202, and a third stage screw 272 from the outside to the inside, that is, a triple screw; A cavity is provided in the screw 1201 and the secondary screw 1202 (and whether the three-stage screw 272 has a cavity structure is not limited); a first-stage hot runner is formed between the casing 180 and the primary screw 1201, and the second A secondary hot runner is formed between the stage screw 1202 and the primary screw 1201, and a tertiary hot runner 211 is formed between the tertiary screw 272 and the secondary screw 1202; the tertiary hot runner 211 and the discharge The first port hot runner, the second hot runner, and the third hot runner 211 are connected in series to form a continuous N-shaped channel; the primary screw 1 201, the secondary screw 1202, the third-stage screw One or more of 272 are driven to rotate by drive system 110. Wherein, the primary screw 1201 is driven by the driving system 110; the secondary screw 1202 and the casing 180 are In a static state. The cross-sectional area of the primary hot runner and/or secondary hot runner and/or tertiary hot runner 211 gradually decreases in the direction of material flow. A rotary nozzle is connected to the lower side of the three-stage screw 272, and the nozzle 260 system is in a conducting state with the third-stage hot runner 211; and a pressure sensor 161 and a flow sensor 162 are respectively disposed on both sides of the nozzle 260 system. One side of the casing 180 is provided with a raw material feeding port 150, and the raw material feeding port 150 is also connected to a feeding system 151. The feeding system 151 is a pneumatic feeding system 151, and the pneumatic feeding system System 151 delivers the particulate or powdered material to feed inlet 150 and sequentially through the primary hot runner, secondary hot runner, tertiary hot runner 211, nozzle 260 system. At least one micropore for discharging the gas in the material is further disposed at the intersection of the secondary hot runner and the tertiary hot runner. The outer side of the casing 180 is further provided with a heating device. The drive system 110 is a reduction motor; the reduction motor is detachably connected to the primary screw 1201 through a flange. A feed cone 1801 is formed on the casing 180 near the feed end of the primary hot runner to increase the feed rate. In addition, the theoretical extrusion amount of the material in the primary hot runner is greater than the theoretical basis amount of the material in the secondary hot runner, and the theoretical extrusion amount of the material in the secondary hot runner is greater than the theoretical extrusion of the material in the tertiary hot runner 211. The amount of the theoretical extrusion of the material in the tertiary hot runner 211 is within the threshold of the nominal extrusion amount of the material. To achieve the same amount of extrusion, the first screw 1201 has a gentler helix angle than the secondary screw 1202 and the third-stage screw 272, so that the material does not easily slide in the primary hot runner, and the material is in the secondary hot runner and the tertiary heat flow. Although the road is easy to slide, the material in the first-stage hot runner has a blocking effect, and the material is prevented from moving in the opposite direction, which is impossible to achieve with a single screw.

[0095] 通过设置至少两重螺杆，形成多重回旋挤出机构，实现在小空间范围内，延长物料输送的长度，延长了加热时间、搅拌时间，使物料加热熔化、混匀更加彻底。且由于螺旋角分三级设置，有利于物料的稳定输送。在使用时，驱动*** 1 10位于机壳 180的上方。由于物料运送发生多次弯折，物料的搅拌效果更佳。本发明的一个实施例，所述一级螺杆 1201、二级螺杆 1202、三级螺杆 272中的一个或者多个由驱动*** 110驱动转动。设置三重螺杆，这是本发明的优选实施方式 [0095] By providing at least two screws, a multiple-spinning extrusion mechanism is formed, which realizes the length of material transportation in a small space, prolongs the heating time and the stirring time, and heats and melts the materials and mixes them more thoroughly. And because the helix angle is set in three stages, it is beneficial to the stable transportation of materials. In use, the drive system 1 10 is located above the housing 180. Due to the multiple bending of the material transport, the mixing effect of the material is better. In one embodiment of the invention, one or more of the primary screw 1201, the secondary screw 1202, and the tertiary screw 272 are driven to rotate by the drive system 110. A triple screw is provided, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention

[0096] 进一步的拓展而言：驱动*** 110还可以设置有多个，如设置驱动***一、驱动***二、驱动***三，如此，每一驱动***皆驱动一螺杆。或者，设置驱动 ***一、驱动***二，驱动***一驱动一级螺杆，驱动***二驱动三级螺杆，而二级螺杆处于固定状态。此外，作为一种变劣的实施方式，驱动***单独驱动三级螺杆，如此，也可以保证本发明的实施。此外，需要指出的是，本发明还可以设置四重螺杆、五重螺杆、六重螺杆或者更多重螺杆，以此来进一步的增强本发明的功能。可以预见的是，通过进一步增加螺杆的数量，可以进一步降低挤出机的长度，但是，也伴随着加工难度的增高。此外，若设置更多重螺杆则会出现挤出机的宽度增加等情况。 [0096] In further development, the driving system 110 may also be provided with multiple, such as a driving system 1, a driving system 2, and a driving system 3. Thus, each driving system drives a screw. Alternatively, a drive system is provided, a drive system 2, a drive system drives a primary screw, and a drive system 2 drives a tertiary screw. The secondary screw is in a fixed state. Further, as a degraded embodiment, the drive system separately drives the three-stage screw, and thus, the implementation of the present invention can be ensured. Furthermore, it should be noted that the present invention may also be provided with a quadruple screw, a five-prong screw, a six-fold screw or a more heavy screw to further enhance the function of the present invention. It is foreseeable that by further increasing the number of screws, the length of the extruder can be further reduced, but it is also accompanied by an increase in processing difficulty. In addition, if more heavy screws are provided, the width of the extruder will increase.

对无风嘴伸缩喷嘴阀进行描述：本伸缩喷嘴阀包括有安装座 210、筒体 220、阀针 230、喷嘴 260, 其中，所述安装座 210可拆卸的安装于所述螺杆挤出*** 120 的下方；所述安装座 210的上段设有三级热流道 211，所述三级热流道 211的末端设有出料歧口 2111 , 所述安装座 210的下端内沿轴向分布有一个或数个内孔，所述出料歧口 2111分别与每一内孔的上端相通，所述内孔的下端为朝向外界的开口；所述筒体 220可移动的安装在所述安装座 210的内孔中，所述筒体 220从安装座 210—端伸出，所述筒体 220的顶端设有至少一筒体进料口 2401 ; 所述筒体 220 内设有阀腔；所述阀针 230穿过所述筒体 220的阀腔安装在所述安装座 210上，所述阀针 230与所述阀腔的间隙形成与所述筒体进料口 2401导通的出料通道 240; 所述喷嘴 260设于所述筒体 220的尾部，所述喷嘴 260尾部设有喷嘴孔 2631。更加详细的描述：所述安装座 210的上、下段在与筒体 220上段外周缘和下段外周缘相接触处分别设有上密封件 2201和下密封件 2202, 所述上密封件 2201、下密封件 2202为填制有膨胀石墨的槽。所述筒体 220在所述上密封件 2201与所述下密封件 2202之间的中段还有一筒体圆柱 221 (具体制造的时候，所述筒体圆柱 221为活塞）；所述筒体圆柱 221侧壁上设有至少一个环形凹槽 2211 ; 所述环形凹槽 22 11内填制有滑动密封材料，使所述筒体 220与安装座 210密封连接。所述滑动密封材料为固态滑动密封材料，如膨胀石墨。所述筒体圆柱 221与上密封件 2201之间有第一流体室 251，所述筒体圆柱 221与下密封件 2202之间有第二流体室 252; 所述第一流体室 251通过第一流体通孔 2511与第一流体阀相连；所述第二流体室 252通过第二流体通孔 2521与第二流体阀相连。所述阀针 230的头部或一侧通过至少一个（优选为两个）定位螺栓 231固定于所述安装座 210上。所述筒体 220的上段设有一限位通槽 2402，所述限位通槽 2402与阀针 230顶部侧面的限位键 232 滑动配合用以使筒体进料口 2401与出料歧口 2111对齐。所述阀针 230层倒 L形。所述安装座 210的外侧设有电加热装置 130，用以实现保温效果。所述安装座 210 的上段包括有三级热流道 211 ; 所述三级热流道 211内还设有三级螺杆 272; 所述三级热流道 211的下末端与出料歧口 2111、筒体进料口 2401、出料通道 240、喷嘴孔 2631顺次导通。所述安装座 210分段设置，各段之间通过锁紧螺栓固定连接。所述安装座 210与机壳 180通过螺栓固定。 The bellows expansion nozzle valve is described as follows: The telescopic nozzle valve includes a mounting seat 210, a cylinder 220, a valve needle 230, and a nozzle 260, wherein the mounting seat 210 is detachably mounted to the screw extrusion system 120. The upper portion of the mounting base 210 is provided with a three-stage hot runner 211, and the end of the third-stage hot runner 211 is provided with a discharge manifold 2111, and the lower end of the mount 210 is axially distributed with one or a plurality of inner holes, the discharge ports 2111 are respectively communicated with the upper end of each inner hole, and the lower end of the inner hole is an opening facing the outside; the barrel 220 is movably mounted on the mounting seat 210 In the inner hole, the cylinder 220 protrudes from the end of the mounting base 210, the top end of the cylinder 220 is provided with at least one cylinder feeding port 2401; the cylinder 220 is provided with a valve chamber; A needle 230 is mounted on the mounting seat 210 through a valve cavity of the barrel 220, and a gap between the valve needle 230 and the valve chamber forms a discharge passage 240 that is electrically connected to the barrel inlet 2401. The nozzle 260 is disposed at the tail of the cylinder 220, and the nozzle 260 is provided with a nozzle hole 2631 at the tail. For a more detailed description, the upper and lower sections of the mounting seat 210 are respectively provided with an upper sealing member 2201 and a lower sealing member 2202 in contact with the outer peripheral edge of the upper portion of the upper portion of the cylinder 220 and the lower peripheral portion of the lower portion, and the upper sealing member 2201 The seal 2202 is a groove filled with expanded graphite. The cylinder 220 further has a cylindrical cylinder 221 in a middle portion between the upper seal 2201 and the lower seal 2202 (the cylinder cylinder 221 is a piston when specifically manufactured); the cylinder cylinder At least one annular groove 2211 is disposed on the sidewall of the 221; the annular groove 2211 is filled with a sliding sealing material to seal the tubular body 220 with the mounting seat 210. The sliding sealing material is a solid sliding sealing material such as expanded graphite. There is a first fluid chamber 251 between the cylinder cylinder 221 and the upper seal 2201, and a second fluid chamber 252 between the cylinder cylinder 221 and the lower seal 2202; the first fluid chamber 251 passes the first The fluid through hole 2511 is connected to the first fluid valve; the second fluid chamber 252 is connected to the second fluid valve through the second fluid through hole 2521. The head or side of the valve needle 230 is secured to the mount 210 by at least one (preferably two) locating bolts 231. The upper portion of the cylinder 220 is provided with a limiting through slot 2402, and the limiting through slot 2402 and the limiting button 232 on the top side of the valve needle 230 The sliding fit is used to align the barrel feed port 2401 with the discharge port 2111. The valve needle 230 is inverted L-shaped. An electric heating device 130 is disposed on an outer side of the mounting seat 210 for achieving a heat insulating effect. The upper stage of the mounting base 210 includes a three-stage hot runner 211; the third-stage hot runner 211 is further provided with a three-stage screw 272; the lower end of the third-stage hot runner 211 and the discharge opening 2111, the cylinder The feed port 2401, the discharge passage 240, and the nozzle hole 2631 are sequentially turned on. The mounting seat 210 is arranged in sections, and the segments are fixedly connected by a locking bolt. The mount 210 and the casing 180 are fixed by bolts.

上述实施例描述了无风嘴的 3D打印用打印头。而有风嘴的 3D打印用打印头与无风嘴的 3D打印用打印头相比，其区别在于：还包括设于安装座 210下方的中空的风嘴结构 280。其中，所述风嘴结构 280从上到下依次分为风嘴避空段 2801、风嘴密封段 2802、出风段 2803 ; 所述打印喷嘴 260尾部设有喷嘴孔 2631，所述喷嘴 260分为喷嘴避空段 261、与所述风嘴密封段 2802配合的喷嘴密封段 262和喷嘴凸起段 263 ; 所述风嘴结构 280环绕安装于所述喷嘴 260外侧；所述风嘴结构 280 上设有用以向风嘴结构 280供风的进风通道 264。其中，所述喷嘴避空段 261与所述风嘴避空段 2801之间形成有通风空间。此时，风嘴结构 280上可以设置一个或数个喷嘴 260 , 若设置多个打印喷嘴 260则这些喷嘴 260间隔排列，如呈直线型或环形排列。喷嘴 260在动力作用下进行移动。当风嘴密封段 2802、喷嘴密封段 26 2处于不密封配合状态时，进风通道 264向出风段 2803供风，出风段 2803呈筒状 , 气体从出风段 2803喷出并经过打印喷嘴 260，而作用到刚挤出的物料上。所述喷嘴 260向下移动吋，所述打印喷嘴 260开始流出 3D打印物料、且实现出风，当喷嘴 260向上移动到所述风嘴密封段 2802与所述喷嘴密封段 262滑动配合密封处吋，所述喷嘴 260立即停止流出 3D打印物料、且立即停止出风。由于釆用机械力进行剪断，出料立即停止且出风也立即停止。对进风通道 264的设置位置进一步限定：所述进风通道 264设于所述风嘴密封段 2802的上段侧面或顶部，当 3喷嘴 2 60向上移动至所述风嘴密封段 2802与所述喷嘴密封段 262滑动配合密封处吋，所述进风通道 264无法向出风段 2803出风，当喷嘴 260向下移动至所述风嘴密封段 2 802与所述喷嘴密封段 262脱离配合时，所述风嘴密封段 2802与所述喷嘴密封段 2 62相互脱离用以形成通风空间，所述进风通道 264经过此通风空间向出风段 2803 出风。 [0099] 此外 , 所述喷嘴凸起段 263的横向宽度小于所述风嘴结构 280出风段 2803的开口宽度用以形成出风间隙（出风空间），如呈锥形或者半球形。此外，为了起到较好的导向作用，伸缩喷嘴避空段 261与风嘴避空段 2801之间还需要局部可滑动接触，在滑动时接触部位起到导向作用，而非接触部分形成出风空间。为了进一步提升出风效果，在喷嘴避空段 261的外轮廓表面设置多股螺旋槽，用以形成螺旋风，进而提高降温效果。作为一种最佳方案：所述风嘴避空段 2801的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段 261的外轮廓为绕轴向间隔设置的弧形面，此弧形面为一部分圆柱面且该弧形面的在横截面方向上其曲线的曲率半径可小于或等于所述风嘴避空段 2801的内轮廓为圆柱面的曲率半径，所述风嘴避空段 2801的内轮廓圆柱面与所述喷嘴避空段 261的外轮廓上的弧形面相切形成接触面 , 在两个相邻的接触面之间为非接触面，非接触面与风嘴避空段 2801内轮廓之间形成出风空间。 The above embodiment describes a printhead for 3D printing without a tuyer. The difference between the 3D printing print head and the airless 3D printing print head is that the hollow tuyere structure 280 is disposed under the mount 210. The air nozzle structure 280 is divided into a wind nozzle avoidance section 2801, a wind nozzle sealing section 2802, and an air outlet section 2803 from top to bottom. The nozzle nozzle 263 is provided with a nozzle hole 2631 at the end of the printing nozzle 260. a nozzle sealing section 261, a nozzle sealing section 262 and a nozzle protrusion section 263 that cooperate with the tuyere sealing section 2802; the tuyeres structure 280 is circumferentially mounted on the outside of the nozzle 260; the tuyere structure 280 is An air inlet passage 264 is provided for supplying air to the tuyere structure 280. A ventilation space is formed between the nozzle avoidance section 261 and the tuyere avoidance section 2801. At this time, one or several nozzles 260 may be disposed on the tuyere structure 280. If a plurality of printing nozzles 260 are provided, the nozzles 260 are arranged at intervals, such as in a linear or circular arrangement. The nozzle 260 moves under the action of power. When the tuyere sealing section 2802 and the nozzle sealing section 26 2 are in an unsealed fit state, the air inlet passage 264 supplies air to the air outlet section 2803, and the air outlet section 2803 has a cylindrical shape, and the gas is ejected from the air outlet section 2803 and printed. The nozzle 260 acts on the material that has just been extruded. The nozzle 260 moves downwardly, the print nozzle 260 begins to flow out of the 3D printed material, and the wind is released. When the nozzle 260 moves upward, the nozzle seal section 2802 and the nozzle seal section 262 slide and fit the seal. The nozzle 260 immediately stops flowing out of the 3D printing material and immediately stops the wind. Since the cutting force is cut by mechanical force, the discharge immediately stops and the wind also stops immediately. The installation position of the air inlet passage 264 is further defined: the air inlet passage 264 is disposed at an upper side or a top portion of the tuyères sealing section 2802, and when the 3 nozzles 2 60 are moved upward to the tuyere sealing section 2802 and the The nozzle seal section 262 is slidably engaged with the seal portion 264, and the air inlet passage 264 is unable to vent to the wind outlet section 2803, and when the nozzle 260 is moved downward until the tuyere seal section 2 802 is disengaged from the nozzle seal section 262, The air nozzle sealing section 2802 and the nozzle sealing section 2 62 are separated from each other to form a ventilation space, and the air inlet passage 264 is ventilated to the air outlet section 2803 through the ventilation space. [0099] In addition, the lateral width of the nozzle protrusion section 263 is smaller than the opening width of the air outlet section 2803 of the tuyeres structure 280 to form an air outlet gap (outlet air space), such as a cone or a hemisphere. In addition, in order to play a better guiding role, a partial slidable contact is required between the telescopic nozzle avoidance section 261 and the tuyere avoidance section 2801, and the contact portion plays a guiding role when sliding, and the non-contact portion forms an air outlet. space. In order to further enhance the air blowing effect, a plurality of spiral grooves are arranged on the outer contour surface of the nozzle avoiding section 261 to form a spiral wind, thereby improving the cooling effect. As a preferred solution: the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section 2801 is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle avoidance section 261 is an arc-shaped surface which is arranged around the axial direction, and the curved surface is a part of the cylinder And the radius of curvature of the curve of the curved surface in the cross-sectional direction may be less than or equal to the radius of curvature of the cylindrical surface of the tuyere avoidance section 2801, the inner contour of the tuyere avoidance section 2801 The cylindrical surface is tangent to the curved surface on the outer contour of the nozzle cutout 261 to form a contact surface, and the non-contact surface between the two adjacent contact surfaces, the non-contact surface and the contour of the air nozzle avoidance section 2801 A wind space is formed between them.

[0100] 本发明的一个实施例，可设置四个、六个或更多个喷嘴 260。 [0100] In one embodiment of the invention, four, six or more nozzles 260 may be provided.

[0101] 本发明的一个实施例，所述供料*** 151所输送的物料为热塑性的固体材料，如金属粉末、陶瓷颗粒、玻璃粉末、塑胶颗粒中的一种或多种。 [0101] In one embodiment of the present invention, the material conveyed by the feeding system 151 is a thermoplastic solid material such as one or more of metal powder, ceramic particles, glass powder, and plastic particles.

[0102] 本发明的一个实施例，所述筒体 220釆用气动方式或液压方式在所述安装座 210 内部做轴向方向运动。本发明优选釆用气动方式。当然也可以釆用流动性粉末或者流动性颗粒进行驱动。更为拓展而言，筒体 220还可以釆用电磁力或者机械力进行驱动。 [0102] In one embodiment of the invention, the barrel 220 is axially moved within the mount 210 by pneumatic or hydraulic means. The invention is preferably pneumatically operated. It is of course also possible to drive with a fluid powder or fluid particles. Further, the cylinder 220 can be driven by electromagnetic force or mechanical force.

[0103] 为了达到较好的气密封效果：在内孔内侧壁上设置有环形风室 253，所述环形风室 253环绕于所述筒体 220的四周，所述环形风室 253与一压力气体通道 2531相连，所述压力气体通道 2531与外界导通。 [0103] In order to achieve a better air sealing effect: an annular plenum 253 is disposed on the inner side wall of the inner hole, the annular plenum 253 surrounds the circumference of the cylinder 220, the annular plenum 253 and a pressure The gas passages 2531 are connected, and the pressure gas passages 2531 are electrically connected to the outside.

[0104] 请参阅图 8，本发明还提供一种控制***，包括控制电路 170; 温控***，所述温控***与控制电路 170电连接；压力传感器 161 , 所述压力传感器 161与控制电路 170电连接；流量传感器 162, 所述流量传感器 162与控制电路 170电连接；驱动*** 110，所述驱动*** 110与控制电路 170电连接，其中，所述温控***通过反馈调节控制物料的熔化状态，所述压力传感器 161、流量传感器 162监测三级热流道 211出口处熔融态物料的压力、流量参数并回传至控制电路 170，控制电路 170根据压力、流量参数反馈调节驱动*** 110的动力输出参数，使熔融态物料从喷嘴 260流出吋的实际流量处于预设的流量阈值范围内；还包括一喷嘴阀控制*** 140。所述喷嘴阀控制*** 140包括气源，所述气源在控制电路 170的控制下向第二流体室 252、第一流体室 251通入气体。还包括一压力测量装置，所述压力测量装置用于测量所述第二流体室 252、第一流体室 251的气体压力；所述压力测量装置与控制电路 170相连，所述控制电路 170根据压力测量装置回传的参数反馈控制第二流体室 252、第一流体室 251的压力值，进而实现筒体 220、喷嘴 260的顶起或收回状态。还包括一信号触发模块，所述信号触发模块在 3D打印程式的触发下向控制电路 170发送触发信号；所述控制电路 170根据触发信号向气源发送控制信号，具体控制第二通气管的开启或关闭。 [0104] Please refer to FIG. 8, the present invention further provides a control system including a control circuit 170; a temperature control system, the temperature control system is electrically connected to the control circuit 170; a pressure sensor 161, the pressure sensor 161 and a control circuit 170 electrically connected; a flow sensor 162, the flow sensor 162 is electrically connected to the control circuit 170; the drive system 110, the drive system 110 is electrically connected to the control circuit 170, wherein the temperature control system controls the melting of the material through feedback adjustment The pressure sensor 161 and the flow sensor 162 monitor the pressure and flow parameters of the molten material at the outlet of the tertiary hot runner 211 and return it to the control circuit 170 to control the electricity. The path 170 adjusts the power output parameter of the drive system 110 according to the pressure and flow parameter feedback, so that the actual flow rate of the molten material flowing out of the nozzle 260 is within a preset flow threshold range; and further includes a nozzle valve control system 140. The nozzle valve control system 140 includes a gas source that is vented to the second fluid chamber 252 and the first fluid chamber 251 under the control of the control circuit 170. Also included is a pressure measuring device for measuring gas pressure of the second fluid chamber 252, the first fluid chamber 251; the pressure measuring device is connected to the control circuit 170, and the control circuit 170 is based on pressure The parameter feedback returned by the measuring device controls the pressure values of the second fluid chamber 252 and the first fluid chamber 251, thereby achieving the jacking or retracting state of the cylinder 220 and the nozzle 260. The signal triggering module further sends a trigger signal to the control circuit 170 under the trigger of the 3D printing program. The control circuit 170 sends a control signal to the air source according to the trigger signal to specifically control the opening of the second snorkel. Or close.

[0105] 作为本发明的一个实施例，本实施例同时实现了气密封功能，避免物料从筒体 220与内孔之间的间隙流出，也实现了对筒体 220运动状态的控制，具有同吋实现了上述两种功能，具体方案如下：在任一时刻，为了实现气密封，第一流体室 251、第二流体室 252中的一个需要通入压力气体，并保证压力高于出料通道 2 40内熔融态物料的压力；并且为了实现驱动效果，则控制两个流体室内的压力差即可。 [0105] As an embodiment of the present invention, the air sealing function is realized at the same time in this embodiment, and the material is prevented from flowing out from the gap between the cylinder 220 and the inner hole, and the movement state of the cylinder 220 is also controlled.吋The above two functions are realized, and the specific scheme is as follows: At any time, in order to achieve air sealing, one of the first fluid chamber 251 and the second fluid chamber 252 needs to be supplied with pressurized gas, and the pressure is higher than the discharge passage 2 The pressure of the molten material in 40; and in order to achieve the driving effect, the pressure difference between the two fluid chambers can be controlled.

[0106] 向第一流体室 251内通入气体是最佳的方案，气体通过内孔与筒体 220的间隙分布，气体不会污染打印物料。而向第一流体室 251、第二流体室 252内通入液体则可能造成物料污染向第一流体室 251、第二流体室 252内通入流动性粉末则可能导致筒体 220与安装座 210内孔之间的间隙堵塞，而通入可流动性颗粒，通过控制颗粒的粒径，则既可以起到传力作用，又可以避免污染物料或者造成堵塞 , 然而，流动性颗粒不便于传力，且不便于采用阀来切断动力，所以，本本发明优先釆用气体作为动力，采用气动方式是最为优选的方式。 [0106] It is an optimum solution to introduce a gas into the first fluid chamber 251, and the gas is distributed through the gap between the inner bore and the cylinder 220, and the gas does not contaminate the printed material. The introduction of liquid into the first fluid chamber 251 and the second fluid chamber 252 may cause material contamination to pass into the first fluid chamber 251 and the second fluid chamber 252 to introduce fluid powder, which may result in the cylinder 220 and the mount 210. The gap between the inner holes is blocked, and the flowable particles are introduced. By controlling the particle size of the particles, the force can be transmitted, and the pollutant material or the blockage can be avoided. However, the fluid particles are not convenient for transmitting force. It is not convenient to use a valve to cut off the power. Therefore, the present invention preferentially uses gas as a power, and the pneumatic method is the most preferable method.

[0107] 当然，本发明还有一实施例：向第一流体室 251内通入气体，向第二流体室 252 内通入液体或气体或流动性颗粒、流动性粉末，第一流体室 251内的压力始终高于出料通道 240内熔融态物料的压力，由于第一流体室 251更靠近桶体进料口、限位通槽 2402，第二流体室 252内的液体不容易（如液体金属）等不容易进入出料通道 240内。 [0108] 对有风嘴的 3D打印头而言，在喷嘴密封段与喷嘴凸起段之间的交汇处还设有棱台 2602，便于采用标准扳手进行安装、拆卸。 [0107] Of course, there is still another embodiment of the present invention: a gas is introduced into the first fluid chamber 251, and a liquid or gas or fluid particles or a fluid powder is introduced into the second fluid chamber 252, and the first fluid chamber 251 is inside. The pressure of the molten material is always higher than the pressure of the molten material in the discharge passage 240. Since the first fluid chamber 251 is closer to the barrel inlet and the limiting passage 2402, the liquid in the second fluid chamber 252 is not easy (such as liquid metal). It is not easy to enter the discharge channel 240. [0108] For a 3D printhead with a tuyere, a ridge 2602 is also provided at the intersection between the nozzle sealing section and the nozzle boss section for easy installation and disassembly using a standard wrench.

[0109] 本发明还提供一种 3D打印机，包括机架，所述机架上设有至少一个如上述的 3[0109] The present invention also provides a 3D printer including a rack, the rack being provided with at least one of the above 3

D打印用打印头。还包括驱动*** 110，所述驱动*** 110用以驱动所述 3D打印用打印头，使之准确运动至三维空间内任意一点。 D Print head. Also included is a drive system 110 for driving the 3D printing printhead for accurate movement to any point in the three dimensional space.

[0110] 本发明还提供一种打印方法，包括釆用如上述的 3D打印用打印头进行增材制造的步骤。 The present invention also provides a printing method comprising the steps of additive manufacturing using a print head for 3D printing as described above.

[0111] 本发明的工作原理：各种工业物料通过气动进料***鼓入进料口，物料被一级螺杆 1201带进一级热流道，物料在电加热装置 130的加热作用下逐渐熔化（物料在行进至一级热流道的末端之前熔化完毕），物料在一级热流道内还受到挤压；熔化后的物料进入二级热流道，熔融态物料继续被加热，若熔融态物料中尚有未被熔化的物料也能二级热流道内熔化；物料从二级热流道流入三级热流道 2 11 , 并依次出料歧口 2111分流而进入多个筒体进料口 2401、出料通道 240 , 最后从喷嘴孔 2631喷出。当需要精确打印产品的外轮廓吋，控制开启小口径的喷嘴 2 60，当需要打印产品的内部填充吋，采用大口径的喷嘴 260 , 或者控制开启多个喷嘴 260同时打开，用以实现多通道并发出料，进一步加快打印速度。本发明还可配备风嘴结构 280，使用风嘴结构 280可在刚打印出的物料周围环形均匀出冷风（或常温风），避免冷却已经冷却到适当程度的其他物料，而且可增强风力 , 由于环形出风，物料均匀受力，不会导致物料被吹离既定位置。在打印大型产品时，使用风嘴结构 280还可吹热风，吹出的环形热风也对打印头将要达到的下一位点处的上一层已经冷却的物料进行预热，环形热风中的小部分热量虽然会传递到刚喷出的打印材料上，但也仅仅是小部分，而且，还可通过降低从喷嘴孔 2631流出的打印物料的温度，通过环形热风的热量补偿，将物料的最终温度维持到预设的范围之内，如此，吹环形热风非但没有副作用，还有意想不到的效果。此外，打印头流量的调节可通过调节减速电机间接调节挤出机的输出强度、选择不同口径的喷嘴 260、控制筒体 220内壁与阀针 230下末端间距大小，还可调节气动进料***的进料速度进而调节，采用不同层次的调节可以灵活的调节打印头的输出流量大小。通过在机壳 180和安装座 210外部设置电加热装置 1 30，用以对物料实现加热融化、以及保温，还可通过调节发热量，用以达到充分的加热熔化、保温效果，用以适应不同种类的物料。物料在挤出机的热流道中还会产生气体，气体可从二级热流道与三级热流道的交汇处的微孔处排出，随之排出的微量物料又被一级螺杆 1201带回挤出机，避免物料流失。处于工作状态的喷嘴 260的高度低于其它不工作的喷嘴 260, 避免其它不工作的喷嘴 260对打印产品造成干涉影响。本发明的气动进料***还具有将物料烘干、预热的功會，如此，气动进料***中设置有烘干装置或预热装置，避免湿态的物料无法被风力鼓入到挤出机内部。 [0111] Working principle of the invention: Various industrial materials are blown into the feed port through the pneumatic feeding system, and the material is brought into the first-stage hot runner by the first-stage screw 1201, and the material is gradually melted under the heating action of the electric heating device 130 ( The material is melted before proceeding to the end of the primary hot runner), the material is also squeezed in the primary hot runner; the molten material enters the secondary hot runner, and the molten material continues to be heated, if there is still in the molten material The unmelted material can also be melted in the secondary hot runner; the material flows from the secondary hot runner into the tertiary hot runner 2 11 , and the discharge choke 2111 is split in turn to enter the plurality of cylinder inlets 2401 and the outlet passage 240 Finally, it is ejected from the nozzle hole 2631. When it is required to accurately print the outer contour of the product, control the opening of the small-diameter nozzle 2 60, when it is necessary to print the inner filling of the product, use the large-diameter nozzle 260, or control to open the plurality of nozzles 260 at the same time to achieve multi-channel And issue materials to further speed up the printing. The invention can also be provided with a tuyere structure 280, which can uniformly wind out cold air (or normal temperature wind) around the material just printed, avoid cooling other materials that have been cooled to an appropriate level, and can enhance the wind force, The air is blown out evenly, and the material is evenly stressed, so that the material is not blown away from the predetermined position. When printing large products, the tuyere structure 280 can also be used to blow hot air, and the blown annular hot air also preheats the upper layer of the cooled material at the next point to be reached by the print head, a small part of the annular hot air. Although the heat is transferred to the just-sprayed printing material, it is only a small part. Moreover, the final temperature of the material can be maintained by reducing the temperature of the printing material flowing out of the nozzle hole 2631 and the heat compensation of the annular hot air. Within the preset range, the blowing of the hot air has no side effects and unexpected effects. In addition, the adjustment of the flow rate of the printing head can adjust the output intensity of the extruder indirectly by adjusting the speed reducing motor, select the nozzle 260 of different calibers, control the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder 220 and the lower end of the valve needle 230, and can also adjust the pneumatic feeding system. The feed rate is further adjusted, and the output flow of the print head can be flexibly adjusted by different levels of adjustment. By providing an electric heating device 1 outside the casing 180 and the mount 210 30, used to heat and melt the material, and to keep warm, and can also adjust the calorific value to achieve sufficient heating and melting, heat preservation effect, to adapt to different kinds of materials. The material also generates gas in the hot runner of the extruder, and the gas can be discharged from the micropores at the intersection of the secondary hot runner and the tertiary hot runner, and the traced material discharged is taken back by the primary screw 1201. Machine, to avoid material loss. The height of the nozzle 260 in the working state is lower than that of the other non-operating nozzles 260, preventing other inoperative nozzles 260 from interfering with the printed product. The pneumatic feeding system of the invention also has the function of drying and preheating the material, so that the pneumatic feeding system is provided with a drying device or a preheating device, so as to prevent the wet material from being blown into the extrusion by the wind. Inside the machine.

[0112] 由于螺旋角三级变化，物料难以反方向运动，物料挤出效率高，输出流量稳定可靠。当筒体 220上第二流体室 252的气压低于所述第一流体室 251的气压值，此吋，筒体 220在第一流体室 251的推力下顶出，出料通道 240打开，物料从喷嘴孔 2631喷出；当筒体 220上的第二流体室 252、第一流体室 251均通入气体，且第二流体室 252的气压高于第一流体室 251的压力时，所述筒体 220在第二流体室 252 的推力下收回，出料通道 240关闭，物料不能从喷嘴孔 2631流出 (喷出) 。本发明优选采用四个喷嘴 260, 每一喷嘴 260的口径可以根据需要设置（一般情况下 , 四个喷嘴 260的口径系列变化，如等差变化、等比变化），当需要某一口径的喷嘴 260输出物料吋，可以通过控制气源进而控制某一筒体 220的运行状态，进而控制某一筒体 220的开闭，当然，本发明还支持多个通道并发出料，用以实现更高的功能。 [0112] Due to the three-order change of the helix angle, the material is difficult to move in the opposite direction, the material extrusion efficiency is high, and the output flow rate is stable and reliable. When the air pressure of the second fluid chamber 252 on the cylinder 220 is lower than the air pressure value of the first fluid chamber 251, the cylinder 220 is ejected under the thrust of the first fluid chamber 251, and the discharge passage 240 is opened. Ejected from the nozzle hole 2631; when the second fluid chamber 252 and the first fluid chamber 251 on the cylinder 220 are both filled with gas, and the air pressure of the second fluid chamber 252 is higher than the pressure of the first fluid chamber 251, The cylinder 220 is retracted under the thrust of the second fluid chamber 252, the discharge passage 240 is closed, and the material cannot flow out (spray) from the nozzle hole 2631. Preferably, four nozzles 260 are used in the present invention, and the diameter of each nozzle 260 can be set as needed (generally, the series of diameters of the four nozzles 260 are changed, such as changes in the difference, the ratio changes), when a nozzle of a certain diameter is required. 260 output material 吋, can control the air source to control the running state of a certain cylinder 220, thereby controlling the opening and closing of a certain cylinder 220. Of course, the present invention also supports multiple channels and emits materials for higher realization. The function.

[0113] 对有风嘴的 3D打印头而言，与无风嘴的不同之处在于：热态物料经过喷嘴孔 26 31喷出后或喷出时，喷嘴 260的外周缘喷出环形气流，用以对刚挤出的热态物料进行快速冷却，气流区域为略大于喷嘴 260的环形区域，气流与打印材料的接触面积远小于直接釆用风扇或者风机进行散热的接触面积；当需要加热吋，喷嘴 2 60的外周缘喷出热态气流，用以实现加热，提高待挤出热态物料与已打印部分的粘合效果。伸缩喷嘴阀开启时，才能出风；若伸缩喷嘴阀关闭，则不能出风；当打印头具有多个打印嘴时，正在出料的喷嘴 260才能同时出风，用以实现出风、出料的同步进行，当需要冷却吋，则吹出冷风或者常温下的气流，用以将刚挤出的物料快速冷却，对它部分则不会造成冷却，其他部分不再一一赘述。 [0114] 对于有风嘴的 3D打印头，风嘴结构 280内部还设有一多通阔结构用以将气体分流。由于在制造的吋候，安装座 210采用叠片的形式，而风嘴结构 280可拆卸的安装在安装座 210的底部。此吋，无风嘴 3D打印头与有风嘴 3D打印头区别在于风嘴结构 280，可以根据具体的需要决定是否增加风嘴结构 280，若釆用无风嘴的 3 D打印打印头，则需要配合风机或者风扇进行风冷。 [0113] For a 3D printhead having a tuyère, the difference from the tuyere is that: after the hot material is ejected through the nozzle hole 26 31 or ejected, the outer circumference of the nozzle 260 ejects the annular airflow. It is used for rapid cooling of the hot material just extruded, the airflow area is slightly larger than the annular area of the nozzle 260, and the contact area of the airflow with the printing material is much smaller than the contact area for directly dissipating heat by the fan or the fan; The outer circumference of the nozzle 2 60 ejects a hot gas stream for heating to improve the adhesion of the hot material to be extruded to the printed portion. When the telescopic nozzle valve is opened, the air can be ventilated; if the telescopic nozzle valve is closed, the air can not be ventilated; when the print head has a plurality of printing nozzles, the nozzle 260 being discharged can simultaneously emit air for the purpose of discharging and discharging. Simultaneously, when cooling enthalpy is required, cold air or airflow at normal temperature is blown to rapidly cool the material that has just been extruded, and some of it will not be cooled, and the other parts will not be described again. [0114] For a 3D printhead with a tuyere, the tuyere structure 280 is also internally provided with a multi-wide structure for shunting the gas. Since the mount 210 is in the form of a lamination at the time of manufacture, the tuyere structure 280 is detachably mounted at the bottom of the mount 210. In this case, the tuyere 3D print head is different from the tuyered 3D print head in the tuyere structure 280, and whether or not the tuyere structure 280 can be added according to specific needs, if the 3D print print head with the tuyère is used, It needs to be air cooled with a fan or fan.

[0115] 综上所述，釆用伸缩喷嘴阀，喷嘴 260口径可切换，打印精细的外轮廓吋，切换到小口径喷嘴 260，当打印没有精度要求的内部填充吋，则使用远大于小口径喷嘴 260的大口径喷嘴 260, 使打印速度提升数倍。当打印进行到空白区时，打印材料会从喷嘴孔 2631的末端由阀针 230和喷嘴 260之间的机械力剪断材料，并保持了内部的压力不至于因材料泄漏而变动，走过空白区重新打印吋，不需要重建压力使打印更加稳定。当两种以上材料在同一打印机上打印时或者使用两种口径不同的喷嘴 260时，不使用的喷嘴 260在关断的过程中，自动的离开了正在打印的平面，不会对已经打印的平面有任何的划伤。本发明釆用流体传力控制，流体可以是气体、液体、液态金属、可流动的粉末、可流动的颗粒等，其流体阀远离打印的高温区可以远程的控制多个喷嘴 260的开闭。 [0115] In summary, the telescopic nozzle valve is used, the nozzle 260 can be switched in a circular shape, and the fine outer contour 打印 is printed, and the small-diameter nozzle 260 is switched. When the internal filling 没有 without precision is printed, the use is much larger than the small diameter. The large diameter nozzle 260 of the nozzle 260 increases the printing speed by several times. When the printing proceeds to the blank area, the printing material cuts the material from the end of the nozzle hole 2631 by the mechanical force between the valve needle 230 and the nozzle 260, and maintains the internal pressure so as not to change due to material leakage, passing through the blank area. After reprinting, there is no need to rebuild the pressure to make the print more stable. When two or more materials are printed on the same printer or when two nozzles 260 having different calibers are used, the nozzles 260 that are not used automatically leave the plane being printed during the shutdown process, and do not face the already printed plane. Have any scratches. The present invention is controlled by fluid force transfer. The fluid may be a gas, a liquid, a liquid metal, a flowable powder, a flowable particle, etc., and the fluid valve remotely controls the opening and closing of the plurality of nozzles 260 away from the printed high temperature zone.

[0116] 在本说明书的描述中，参考术语"一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示例"、 "具体示例"、或"一些示例"等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。 [0116] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like is meant to be described in connection with the embodiment or example. Specific features, structures, materials or characteristics are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In the present specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0117] 尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。 [0117] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the foregoing embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive Variations, modifications, alterations and variations of the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention.

技术问题 technical problem

问题的解决方案 Problem solution

发明的有益效果 Advantageous effects of the invention

Claims

[权利要求 1] 一种 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，包括： [Claim 1] A print head for 3D printing, comprising:

机壳，所述机壳的一端设有驱动***； a casing, wherein one end of the casing is provided with a driving system;

螺杆挤出***，所述螺杆挤出***设于所述机壳内，所述螺杆挤出系统由分内外嵌套的至少两重螺杆构成，其中，至少一个螺杆由所述驱动***驱动； a screw extrusion system, the screw extrusion system is disposed in the casing, the screw extrusion system is composed of at least two screws that are nested inside and outside, wherein at least one screw is driven by the driving system;

伸缩喷嘴阀，所述伸缩喷嘴阀设于所述螺杆挤出***的下方，所述螺杆挤出***挤出的物料经过伸缩喷嘴簡流出。 The telescopic nozzle valve is disposed below the screw extrusion system, and the material extruded by the screw extrusion system flows out through the telescopic nozzle.

[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述伸缩喷嘴阀包括： [Claim 2] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic nozzle valve comprises:

安装座，所述安装座可拆卸的安装于所述螺杆挤出***的下方；所述安装座下段内沿轴向分布有一个或数个内孔，所述安装座的上段设有出料歧口，所述出料歧口分别与每一内孔的上端相通，所述内孔的下端为开口； a mounting seat, the mounting seat is detachably mounted under the screw extrusion system; one or a plurality of inner holes are distributed in the lower portion of the mounting seat, and the upper portion of the mounting seat is provided with a discharge difference a discharge port respectively communicating with an upper end of each inner hole, wherein a lower end of the inner hole is an opening;

筒体，所述筒体可移动的安装在每一所述安装座的内孔中，所述筒体从安装座内孔的幵口端伸出，所述筒体的顶端设有筒体进料口；所述筒体内为一空心阀腔； a cylinder, the cylinder is movably mounted in an inner hole of each of the mounts, the cylinder protrudes from a mouth end of the inner hole of the mount, and the top end of the cylinder is provided with a cylinder a nozzle; the cylinder body is a hollow valve cavity;

阀针，所述阀针穿过每一所述筒体的阀腔装配在所述安装座上；喷嘴，所述喷嘴设于每一所述筒体伸出安装座一端的端部，所述喷嘴尾部设有喷嘴孔； a valve needle, the valve needle is mounted on the mounting seat through a valve cavity of each of the barrels; and a nozzle is disposed at an end of each of the barrels extending from one end of the mounting seat, a nozzle hole is arranged at the tail of the nozzle;

其中，所述阀针与所述阀腔的间隙形成出料通道，所述出料通道与出料歧口相通，所述喷嘴孔与出料通道相通。 Wherein, the gap between the valve needle and the valve cavity forms a discharge passage, the discharge passage communicates with the discharge manifold, and the nozzle hole communicates with the discharge passage.

[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述伸缩喷嘴阀还包括中空的风嘴结构； [Claim 3] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein the telescopic nozzle valve further comprises a hollow tuyere structure;

所述风嘴结构从上到下依次风嘴密封段、出风段；所述喷嘴从上到下依次分为与所述风嘴密封段配合的喷嘴密封段和喷嘴凸起段；所述风嘴结构环绕安装于喷嘴外侧，所述风嘴结构上设有用以向风嘴结构供风的进风通道。 [权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述进风通道设于所述风嘴密封段的上段侧面或顶部，当喷嘴向上移动至所述风嘴密封段与所述喷嘴密封段滑动配合密封处时，所述进风通道无法向出风段出风，当喷嘴向下移动至所述风嘴密封段与所述喷嘴密封段脱离配合时，所述风嘴密封段与所述喷嘴密封段相互脱离用以形成通风空间，所述进风通道经过此通风空间向出风段出风。 The tuyeres are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a tuyere sealing section and an outlet section; the nozzles are sequentially divided into nozzle sealing sections and nozzle projections that cooperate with the tuyere sealing section from top to bottom; The nozzle structure is mounted around the outside of the nozzle, and the tuyeres are provided with an air inlet passage for supplying air to the tuyere structure. [Claim 4] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein the air inlet passage is provided at an upper side or a top portion of the tuyere sealing portion, and when the nozzle moves upward to the tuyere When the sealing section and the nozzle sealing section are slidably fitted to the sealing portion, the air inlet passage cannot discharge air to the air outlet section, and when the nozzle moves downward until the tuyere sealing section is disengaged from the nozzle sealing section, The air nozzle sealing section and the nozzle sealing section are separated from each other to form a ventilation space, and the air inlet passage passes through the ventilation space to the wind outlet section.

[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 3所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述喷嘴凸起段的横向宽度小于所述风嘴结构出风段的开口宽度用以形成出风间隙根据权利要求 3所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述喷嘴凸起段呈锥形或半球形。 [Claim 5] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein a lateral width of the nozzle protrusion portion is smaller than an opening width of the air outlet portion of the tuyere structure to form an air gap according to A print head for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein said nozzle projection portion has a tapered shape or a hemispherical shape.

根据权利要求 3所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述风嘴结构从上到下依次分为风嘴避空段、风嘴密封段、出风段； The print head for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein the tuyere structure is divided into a windshield avoidance section, a tuyere seal section, and an outlet section from top to bottom;

所述喷嘴从上到下依次分为喷嘴避空段、与所述风嘴密封段配合的喷嘴密封段、喷嘴凸起段； The nozzle is divided into a nozzle avoiding section, a nozzle sealing section matched with the tuyere sealing section, and a nozzle protruding section from top to bottom;

其中，所述喷嘴避空段与所述风嘴避空段之间形成有通风空间。根据权利要求 7所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述喷嘴避空段与所述风嘴避空段之间部分接触局部避空，其接触部分用以起导向作用、局部避空部分起通风作用。 Wherein, a ventilation space is formed between the nozzle avoidance section and the tuyere avoidance section. The print head for 3D printing according to claim 7, wherein a partial contact between the nozzle avoidance section and the air nozzle avoidance section is partially avoided, and the contact portion is used for guiding and partially avoiding The empty part acts as a ventilation.

根据权利要求 8所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述风嘴避空段的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段的外轮廓为绕轴向间隔设置的弧形面，圆柱面与弧形面相切形成接触面，在两个相邻的接触面之间为非接触面，非接触面与风嘴避空段内轮廓之间形成出风空间。根据权利要求 8所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述风嘴避空段的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段的外轮廓具有绕轴向间隔设置的若干侧棱，圆柱面与侧棱线接触，所述喷嘴避空段与风嘴避空段之间还形成出风空间。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 8, wherein the inner contour of the tuyere avoidance section is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle avoidance section is an arcuate surface that is circumferentially spaced apart The cylindrical surface is tangent to the curved surface to form a contact surface, and a non-contact surface is formed between the two adjacent contact surfaces, and an air outlet space is formed between the non-contact surface and the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section. The print head for 3D printing according to claim 8, wherein the inner contour of the air nozzle avoidance section is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle cutout has a plurality of side edges spaced apart from each other in the axial direction. The cylindrical surface is in contact with the side ridge line, and an air outlet space is formed between the nozzle avoiding section and the air nozzle avoiding section.

根据权利要求 8所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述风嘴避空段的内轮廓为圆柱面，所述喷嘴避空段的外轮廓具有绕轴心螺旋设置、并沿圆周方向间隔排列的螺旋风槽。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 8, wherein the air nozzle is escaping The inner contour of the segment is a cylindrical surface, and the outer contour of the nozzle avoiding section has a spiral wind groove which is spirally arranged around the axis and arranged in the circumferential direction.

根据权利要求 7所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述喷嘴密封段与喷嘴凸起段之间的外轮廓上还设有一便于使用标准扳手拧紧所述喷嘴的棱台。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 7, wherein an outer contour between the nozzle sealing section and the nozzle projection section is further provided with a rib which facilitates tightening the nozzle using a standard wrench.

根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述螺杆挤出***由外至内依次包括有一级螺杆、二级螺杆、三级螺杆；所述一级螺杆、二级螺杆、三级螺杆内分别设有空腔；所述一级螺杆的螺旋角小于二级螺杆的螺旋角，所述二级螺杆的螺旋角小于三级螺杆的螺旋角； The print head for 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the screw extrusion system includes a first-stage screw, a second-stage screw, and a third-stage screw in order from the outside to the inside; a cavity is respectively disposed in the secondary screw and the third-stage screw; the helix angle of the first-stage screw is smaller than the helix angle of the second-stage screw, and the helix angle of the second-stage screw is smaller than the helix angle of the third-stage screw;

所述机壳与一级螺杆之间形成一级热流道，所述二级螺杆与一级螺杆之间形成二级热流道，所述三级螺杆与所述二级螺杆之间形成三级热流道；所述三级热流道与所述第一进料口相导通；所述一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道依次串联相通形成连续通道； Forming a primary hot runner between the casing and the primary screw, forming a secondary hot runner between the secondary screw and the primary screw, and forming a tertiary heat flow between the tertiary screw and the secondary screw The third-stage hot runner is electrically connected to the first feed port; the first-stage hot runner, the second-stage hot runner, and the third-stage hot runner are sequentially connected in series to form a continuous passage;

所述一级螺杆、二级螺杆、三级螺杆中的一个或者多个由驱动***驱动转动。 One or more of the primary screw, secondary screw, and tertiary screw are driven to rotate by a drive system.

根据权利要求 13所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述物料在一级热流道中的理论挤出量大于物料在二级热流道中的理论基础量，物料在二级热流道中的理论挤出量大于物料在三级热流道中的理论挤出量，其中，物料在三级热流道中的理论挤出量处于物料额定的挤出量阈值范围之内。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein the theoretical extrusion amount of the material in the primary hot runner is greater than the theoretical basis amount of the material in the secondary hot runner, and the theory of the material in the secondary hot runner The amount of extrusion is greater than the theoretical amount of extrusion of the material in the tertiary hot runner, wherein the theoretical extrusion of the material in the tertiary hot runner is within the threshold of the nominal extrusion of the material.

根据权利要求 13所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述一级螺杆由驱动***驱动；所述二级螺杆与机壳固定连接。 A print head for 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein said primary screw is driven by a drive system; said secondary screw is fixedly coupled to the casing.

根据权利要求 13所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述一级热流道和 \或二级热流道和\或三级热流道的截面积沿物料流动方向逐渐降低。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein the cross-sectional area of the primary hot runner and the or secondary hot runner and/or the tertiary hot runner is gradually decreased in the flow direction of the material.

根据权利要求 13所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述三级螺杆的下方两侧还分别设有压力传感器和流量传感器。 [权利要求 18] 根据权利要求 13所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述机壳的一侧设有原料进料口，所述原料进料口还与一供料***相连，所述供料***是气动供料***，所述气动供料***将颗粒状或粉末状的物料输送到原料进料口并顺次通过一级热流道、二级热流道、三级热流道、出料歧口、筒体进料口、出料通道、喷嘴孔。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein a pressure sensor and a flow sensor are respectively disposed on the lower sides of the three-stage screw. [Claim 18] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein one side of the casing is provided with a raw material feeding port, and the raw material feeding port is further connected to a feeding system. The feeding system is a pneumatic feeding system, and the pneumatic feeding system conveys the granular or powdery material to the raw material feeding port and sequentially passes through the first-stage hot runner, the second-stage hot runner, the third-stage hot runner, Discharge manifold, cylinder inlet, discharge channel, nozzle hole.

[权利要求 19] 根据权利要求 13至 18任一项所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述驱动***是减速电机；所述减速电机通过法兰盘与一级螺杆可拆卸连接。 The print head for 3D printing according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the drive system is a reduction motor; the reduction motor is detachably connected to the primary screw through a flange .

[权利要求 20] 根据权利要求 13所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述筒体采用流体传力方式在所述安装座内孔中做轴向方向运动； [Claim 20] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 13, wherein the cylinder body is axially moved in the inner hole of the mount by a fluid force transmission method;

所述内孔上与筒体上段外周缘和下段外周缘相接触处分别设有填制有滑动密封材料的上密封件和下密封件；所述筒体在所述上密封件与所述下密封件之间的中段还有一起活塞作用的筒体圆柱；所述筒体圆柱侧壁上设有至少一个环形槽；所述环形 H槽内填制有滑动密封材料，使所述筒体与安装座密封连接； An upper seal and a lower seal filled with a sliding sealing material are respectively disposed on the inner hole in contact with the outer peripheral edge of the upper portion of the upper portion of the cylinder and the outer peripheral edge of the lower portion; the cylindrical body is in the upper seal and the lower portion The middle section between the seals further has a cylindrical cylinder acting as a piston; the cylindrical side wall of the cylinder is provided with at least one annular groove; the annular H groove is filled with a sliding sealing material, so that the cylinder and the cylinder Mounting seat sealed connection;

所述筒体圆柱与上密封件之间有第一流体室，所述筒体圆柱与下密封件之间有第二流体室； a first fluid chamber is disposed between the cylinder cylinder and the upper seal, and a second fluid chamber is between the cylinder cylinder and the lower seal;

所述筒体的上段设有一限位通槽，所述限位通槽与阀针顶部侧面的限位键滑动配合用以使筒体进料口与出料歧口对齐。 The upper portion of the cylinder is provided with a limiting through groove, and the limiting through groove is slidably engaged with the limit button on the top side of the valve needle for aligning the inlet of the cylinder with the discharge opening.

[权利要求 21] 根据权利要求 20所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述第一流体室通过第一流体通孔与第一流体阀相连；所述第二流体室通过第二流体通孔与第二流体阀相连。 [Claim 21] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 20, wherein the first fluid chamber is connected to the first fluid valve through the first fluid through hole; the second fluid chamber is passed through the second The fluid through hole is connected to the second fluid valve.

[权利要求 22] 根据权利要求 20所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述滑动密封材料为膨胀石墨。 The print head for 3D printing according to claim 20, wherein the sliding sealing material is expanded graphite.

[权利要求 23] 根据权利要求 20所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述阀针的头部或一侧通过至少两个定位螺栓固定于所述安装座上。 [Claim 23] The print head for 3D printing according to claim 20, wherein a head or a side of the valve needle is fixed to the mount by at least two positioning bolts.

[权利要求 24] 根据权利要求 1至 23任一项所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述机壳和\或所述安装座的外侧设有电加热装置。 [权利要求 25] 根据权利要求 1至 23任一项所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述筒体设置有四个，与所述筒体相配套的闹针也设置有四个。 The print head for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the casing and the outer side of the mount are provided with electric heating means. [Claim 25] The print head for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the cylinder is provided with four, and the alarm needle matched with the cylinder is also provided with four One.

[权利要求 26] 根据权利要求 1至 23任一项所述的 3D打印用打印头，其特征在于，所述安装座分段设置，相邻的两段之间固定连接。 [Claim 26] The print head for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the mount is provided in a segmented manner, and the adjacent two segments are fixedly connected.

[权利要求 27] —种控制***，其特征在于，包括： [Claim 27] A control system, comprising:

控制电路； Control circuit;

温控***，所述温控***与控制电路电连接； a temperature control system, the temperature control system is electrically connected to the control circuit;

压力传感器，所述压力传感器与控制电路电连接；流量传感器，所述流量传感器与控制电路电连接；驱动***，所述驱动***与控制电路电连接， a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control circuit; a flow sensor, the flow sensor is electrically connected to the control circuit; and the drive system is electrically connected to the control circuit,

其中，所述温控***通过反馈调节控制物料的熔化状态，所述压力传感器、流量传感器监测三级热流道出口处熔融态物料的压力、流量参数并回传至控制电路，控制电路根据压力、流量参数反馈调节驱动系统的动力输出参数，使熔融态物料从喷嘴流出吋的实际流量处于预设的流量阈值范围内； Wherein, the temperature control system controls the melting state of the material through feedback adjustment, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor monitor the pressure and flow parameters of the molten material at the outlet of the tertiary hot runner and return to the control circuit, and the control circuit is based on the pressure, The flow parameter feedback adjusts the power output parameter of the driving system, so that the actual flow rate of the molten material flowing out of the nozzle is within a preset flow threshold range;

还包括一喷嘴阀控制***。 Also included is a nozzle valve control system.

[权利要求 28] —种 3D打印机，其特征在于，包括机架，所述机架上设有至少一个如权利要求 1至 26任一项所述的 3D打印用打印头。 [Claim 28] A 3D printer comprising a gantry, the frame being provided with at least one 3D printing printhead according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

[权利要求 29] 根据权利要求 28任一项所述的 3D打印机，其特征在于，还包括驱动 ***，所述驱动***用以驱动所述 3D打印用打印头，使之准确运动至三维空间内任意一点。 [Claim 29] The 3D printer according to any one of claims 28, further comprising a driving system, wherein the driving system is configured to drive the 3D printing print head to accurately move into a three-dimensional space Any point.

[权利要求 30] —种打印方法，其特征在于，包括采用如权利要求 1至 26任一项所述的 3D打印用打印头进行增材制造的步骤。 [Claim 30] A printing method, comprising the step of performing additive manufacturing using the 3D printing print head according to any one of claims 1 to 26.