WO2017201509A1 - Beamforming architecture of control and data in massive mimo system - Google Patents

Abstract

A UE configured to: receive at least one of PSS and SSS using a first MIMO beam; determine a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam according to a first control signal received via the first MIMO beam; receive at least one of CSI-RS and a data signal using the second MIMO beam; and determine CSI according to a data signal received via the second MIMO beam.

Description

BEAMFORMING ARCHITECTURE OF CONTROL AND DATA IN MASSIVE MIMO SYSTEM

PRIORITY CLAIMS

[0001] This application claims priority to United States Provisional

Patent Application Serial No. 62/444,117, filed January 9, 2017; United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/418, 124, filed November 4, 2016; and International PCT Patent application Serial No. PCT/CN2016/082837, filed May 20, 2016; which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Various embodiments generally may relate to the field of wireless communications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0003] Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements.

Embodiments are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the Figures of the accompanying drawings.

[0004] Figure 1 depicts an example architecture design, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0005] Figure 2 depicts an example synchronization subframe structure option 1, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0006] Figure 3 depicts an example synchronization subframe structure option 2, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0007] Figure 4 depicts an example synchronization subframe structure option 3, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0008] Figure 5 depicts an example synchronization subframe structure option 4, in accordance with various embodiments. [0009] Figure 6 depicts an example aperiodic CSI-RS transmission, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0010] Figure 7 depicts an example of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), in accordance with various embodiments.

[0011] Figure 8 depicts an example of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), in accordance with various embodiments.

[0012] Figure 9 depicts an example of TDM+FDM, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0013] Figure 10 illustrates a frame structure carrying a 16bit payload without CRC, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0014] Figure 11 illustrates a frame structure carrying 16bits with CRC, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0015] Figure 12 depicts a frame structure with CRC computed based on 1st partial cell ID and 2nd partial cell ID, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0016] Figure 13 depicts a frame structure with CRC computed based on second partial cell ID and CRC scrambled based on first partial cell ID, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0017] Figure 14 depicts derivation of the time/frequency position of SSS from the detected time/frequency position of the PSS, and derivation of the time/frequency position of TSS from the detected time/frequency position of SSS, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0018] Figure 15 depicts derivation of the time/frequency position of SSS from the detected time/frequency position of the PSS, and derivation of the time/frequency position of TSS from the detected time/frequency position of SSS, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0019] Figure 16 depicts an example electronic device, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0020] Figure 17 depicts a process that may be performed by the example electronic device of Figure 16, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0021] Figure 18 depicts a process that may be performed by the example electronic device of Figure 16, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0022] Figure 19 depicts a process that may be performed by the example electronic device of Figure 16, in accordance with various embodiments. [0023] Figure 20 illustrates an architecture of a system of a network in accordance with some embodiments.

[0024] Figure 21 illustrates example components of a device as illustrated in Figure 20, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0025] Figure 22 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments.

[0026] Figure 23 illustrates a control plane protocol stack in accordance with some embodiments.

[0027] Figure 24 illustrates a user plane protocol stack in accordance with some embodiments.

[0028] Figure 25 illustrates components of a core network in accordance with some embodiments.

[0029] Figure 26 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, of a system to support NFV.

[0030] Figure 27 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments.

However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. Embodiments herein may be related to 5G SI.

[0032] In massive MIMO system, the beamforming may be applied to both eNodeB and UE side. The eNodeB may apply different network (NW) beams to the Beam Reference Signal (BRS). The UE may select one of the NW beams to access based on the measurement of BRS receiving power (BRS-RP) with the best UE beam. Then the NW beam can be applied to both control and data. To achieve higher spectrum efficiency, the eNodeB could maintain a higher number of NW beams.

[0033] The drawback of utilizing large number of NW beams is that it could be not easy to transmit the broadcasting information in standalone system. The overhead of broadcasting information may be increased as it needs to be transmitted in each beams. In addition, more antenna arrays may be needed to transmit different NW beams in different subcarriers at one time, which may increase the cost of the NW.

[0034] For the control information transmission, it does not need too many narrow beams to increase the performance. However some wider beams may be better to transmit the broadcasting information such as paging, SG Master Information Block (xMIB), 5G System Information Block (xSIB), etc.

[0035] Embodiments herein may split the beamforming for the control and data transmission by utilizing wider beams for control information and narrow beams for data.

Architecture Desien

[0036] Given one RF chain can be mapped to

Antenna Elements

(AEs), the eNodeB could generate a narrow NW beam by utilizing

AEs per Antenna Port (AP) and generate a wide NW beam by using less than

[0037] Then the wide NW beam can be applied to the control information and the narrow NW beam can be applied to the data transmission. The network can be more flexible, where the control and data can come from the same site or different sites as shown in Figure 1. In scenario 1, the data and control may come from one eNodeB with different NW beams. In scenario 2, the data and control may come from different eNodeBs. By applying wide NW beams to the control information, the number of control NW beams can be reduced. Then the control beam switching may happen less frequently. In addition, to transmit some common information, such as xMIB and xSIB, the eNodeB may need to repeatedly transmit such control information by applying different NW beams. Therefore by reducing the number of control NW beams, the overhead of common information transmission can be reduced. As the narrow beams are applied to the data transmission, the user throughput can be confirmed.

[0038] In an embodiment, the NW beams applied to control information and signal including the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary

Synchronization Signal, Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS), 5G Physical Broadcasting Channel (xPBCH), xSIB may be different from the beams applied to xPDSCH and Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

[0039] The PSS may be used for symbol boundary acquisition, SSS may be used for the cell ID and frame boundary detection, and the ESS may be used for the symbol index detection, which may not be necessary if the PSS and ESS are not transmitted repeatedly in one subframe.

Control Beam Acquisition

[0040] The eNodeB may transmit the xPSS, SSS and/or ESS periodically, which are used for synchronization. In an embodiment, a Synchronization Signal Group (SSG) can be defined containing one sequence of xPSS, SSS and/or ESS, which are mapped in a Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) manner or Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) manner. The UE could assume the NW beam applied to one SSG is the same.

[0041] In another embodiment, there can be N SSGs transmitted periodically in one subframe and the period can be pre-defined by the system, where N can be determined by the SSS Index, SSS Index or ESS Index or predefined by the system Different SSGs may be mapped in a TDM manner or FDM manner.

[0042] In another embodiment, the xPBCH may be transmitted associated with SSG, which can be mapped in a FDM manner or TDM manner. The beam index or SSG index may be transmitted by the xPBCH.

[0043] Figure 2 illustrates one option for the synchronization subframe design, where maximum 4 NW control beams can be applied to the system and one antenna array can be enough to support this design. To support more than 4 NW control beams, the re-occurrence period of NW control beams can be configured by SSS, ESS, xPBCH or xSIB. Alternatively there can be maximum

NW control beams by mapping the PSS, SSS and ESS in a FDM manner, where

[0044] Figure 3 illustrates another option for the synchronization subframe structure, where the PSS, SSS, ESS and xPBCH within one SSG can be mapped in an FDM manner. The NW beams can be repeated in two slots so that the UE could measure two UE beams within one subframe. Whether the same NW beams are applied in both slots may be pre-defined or configured by the index of PSS, SSS or ESS.

[0045] Figure 4 illustrates another option for the synchronization subframe structure, where the maximum control beams can be equal to

indicates the number of RBs in

downlink, represents the number of RBs for one SSG, and

denotes the number of Antenna Arrays (AAs). For timing synchronization, the UE could filter the full band time domain signal to detect the PSS in different NW control beams.

[0046] Figure 5 illustrates another option for the synchronization subframe structure, where the xPBCH and the synchronization signals can be mapped in a TDM manner and the synchronization signals can be transmitted repeatedly with different beams. The NW beams for the xPBCH in each symbol are one-to-one mapped to the NW beams for the synchronization signals in each symbols. Data Beam Acquisition

[0047] After selecting the NW control beam by reporting the Beam Receiving Power (BRP), the UE should assume this NW control beam to be used in the control information transmission for the control information. Then the UE may need to select the data beam.

[0048] [0049] In an embodiment, a beamformed Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) may be transmitted, which may be periodic or aperiodic.

[0050] In one option, the beamformed CSI-RS may be periodic and the period can be pre-defined by the system or configured by high layer signaling. Different data beams may be applied to different APs. Different APs may be mapped in a FDM manner.

[0051] In another option, the beamformed CSI-RS may be aperiodic, which may take x symbols, where x can be predefined by the system or configured by higher layer signaling or Downlink Control Information (DCI). The CSI-RS can be triggered by a beam specific DCI which is carried by one NW control beam. The UEs belong to this control beam should monitor this DCI and measure the beamformed CSI-RS according to the configuration of this DCI. As the eNodeB may know the wider control beam should be the best beam for the UE, it could select corresponding narrow beams for CSI-RS. Figure 6 illustrates one example for the aperiodic CSI-RS transmission. When scheduling the xPDSCH or xPUSCH, the NW beams applied to DCI may be a narrow beam which is used to transmit the xPDSCH or a wider beam where the highest receiving power is reported.

[0052] Many wireless network operators desire to increase the number of cell identifiers (IDs) for easier cell deployment and cell planning. In Long Term Evolution (LTE), it was difficult to meet such a demand since it affects the hardware implementation significantly. In fifth generation (5G) NR (New Radio Access Technology), it is possible to consider the support for providing a larger number of cell IDs than LTE (e.g.,, from 504 to X where X>=504).

[0053] Increasing the number of cell IDs has an implication that the number of hypothesis tests, implying user equipment (UE) complexity, will be increased. Example embodiments provide systems, apparatuses, and methods to convey the cell ID with the considerations of the cell ID detection performance as well as UE complexity.

[0054] First embodiments provide methods to convey the NR cell IDs by offering lower complexity. Specifically, an embodiment shows NR-PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal) for timing/frequency acquisition followed by NR-SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal) carrying a portion of NR cell IDs followed by NR-TSS (Tertiary Synchronization Signal) or NR- Primary Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying another portion of NR cell IDs. In various embodiments, a first portion of information is carried out by a first NR-SS (e.g., NR-SSS) and a second portion of information is carried out by a second NR-SS (e.g., NR-TSS) or a first NR-PBCH (physical broadcast channel).

[0055] Second embodiments provide further robust performance of NR cell ID detection to allow channel estimation from NR-SSS to detect/decode NR-TSS (or NR-PBCH) and to allow opportunistic transmission of one of NR SSs (Synchronization Signals).

[0056] Third embodiments provide methods to carry information by Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) scrambling on TSS or PBCH is disclosed. Such information (e.g., NR Cell ID or a portion of NR Cell ID) may be scrambled on CRC for TSS or PBCH, where CRC scrambling check for different information does not require additional UE complexity at all.

[0057] Compared to known LTE synchronization signals, the example embodiments provide better cell reuse for channel estimation (e.g., in LTE, 3 PSSs offer channel estimation while example embodiments offer more cell reuse with lower complexity). Additionally, it offers the low complexity detection while it can carry out more number of information bits (e.g., NR cell IDs).

[0058] In SG NR, a NR Cell may comprise one or multiple TRPs (Transmit Reception Points). A cell search and/or Radio Resource management (RRM) measurement can be based on a NR Cell level, where a UE is to search NR cell identifier during cell search and/or RRM measurement procedure.

[0059] In the present disclosure, the various embodiments discussed with regard to the NR-TSS are also applicable and transferable to NR-PBCH embodiments unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the embodiments discussing information to be carried out may include any information such as cell ID(s), bandwidth of NR carrier(s), beam index(es), time index(es), Cyclic Prefix (CP) information, carrier frequency, numerology, etc.

[0060] Figure 7 shows an example of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) for NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-TSS (or NR-PBCH). If NR-TSS is not replaced by NR- PBCH, NR-PBCH can present separately. NR-PSS (e.g., a single PSS code) can offer time/frequency synchronization possibly with System Frame Number (SFN) gain. NR-SSS may carry out a portion of information (e.g., a portion of NR cell ID) and potentially can be used for channel estimation to detect or decode NR-TSS or NR-PBCH, where NR-TSS can be sequence based or payload based design. In embodiments where the NR-TSS is based on a payload based design, the channel coding scheme can be any channel coding scheme - e.g., Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC), Turbo coding, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC), Polar coding, block code, hadamard code, rate matching (RM) code, etc.). In order to facilitate channel estimation from NR- SSS to detect or decode NR-TSS/NR-PBCH, the same antenna port assumption between NR-SSS and NR-PBCH need to be applied so that they can experience the same channel. NR-SSS or NR-PBCH may carry another portion of information (e.g., another portion of NR cell IDs) or may carry entire portion of information (e.g., whole portion of cell IDs) to avoid potential ambiguity when NR-SSS sequences are colliding from different cells. For NR-TSS or NR-PBCH, a further RS can be used to help to improve the channel estimation performance. Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the further examples for Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and TDM+FDM, respectively. The remaining

embodiments described above can be applied in the same or similar manner to the FDM and TDM+FDM embodiments.

[0061] Embodiments may additionally or alternatively include an NR-SSS that is based on sequence basis and an NR-TSS that is based on sequence basis. As further example, the amount of information (e.g., cell ID) carried by NR-SSS can be 32 (5bits) to provide a good cell reuse and the remaining amount of information (e.g., cell ID) carried by NR-TSS or NR-PBCH can be 32 (5bits), which results in 10 bits (32*32=1024) of information in total. As a further protect on NR-TSS or NR-PBCH, a scrambling over NR-TSS or NR-PBCH may be applied based on the sequences corresponding to the sequences/IDs in NR- SSS. In embodiments, the NR-SSS can be used for channel estimation to enable coherent detection/demodulation for NR-TSS or NR-PBCH. In embodiments, while a portion of information (e.g., 5bits) is carried by NR-SSS, a full information (e.g., 1024 cell IDs in total) can be carried to avoid a potential confusion (e.g., in case of Cell A: {NR-SSS,NR-TSS}={#5, #10} and Cell B: {#1 , #9}, the UE may detect {#5, #9} or {#1, #10} although there is no actual signal over the air).

[0062] In embodiments, when NR-TSS is based on payload basis (e.g., channel coding), CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) may be attached to information payload to offer the function to detect whether the decoding result is correct or not.

[0063] In embodiments, a full of a portion of information can carried by being scrambled on CRC of NR-TSS or NR-PBCH. By checking scrambling on CRC, the UE may detect information corresponding to the length of CRC (e.g., with 16bit CRC, the UE can carry 16bit information) without increasing the decoding complexity. Accordingly, compared to the case without CRC, the total amount of information can be the same with the CRC while it can offer a further function of error detection. The scrambling operation can be realized by bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation.

[0064] For example, Figure 10 illustrates a frame structure carrying a 16bit payload via NR-TSS or NR-PBCH without CRC. Since the frame structure of Figure 10 does not include a CRC, this frame structure does not include a function to detect whether the decoding is successful or not. By contrast, Figure 11 illustrates a frame structure in accordance with various example

embodiments. The frame structure shown by Figure 11 carries the same amount of payload (16bits) but with an error detection function and without increasing overhead and UE complexity. As illustrated in Figure 11, there is effectively a 16 bit payload transmission with error detection function using CRC via the 8 bit scrambled CRC. The 8 bit scrambled CRC may be computed as

d(n+8)=XOR(b(n+8), c(n+8)).

[0065] In various embodiments, as illustrated in Figure 12, the CRC embedded in the TSS or PBCH can be computed based on the second (2nd) Partial Cell ID or based on both the 1st Partial Cell ID, which is derived from the detected sequence of the SSS, and the 2nd Partial Cell ID, which is either detected and/or decoded information bits of the TSS or PBCH. With the latter approach, the CRC may able to correctly protect the entire cell ID. This mechanism may provide information integrity protection for both SSS and TSS/PBCH.

[0066] Furthermore, embodiments also provide that the reference signal for demodulating TSS and/or PBCH may be derived by the detected information bits of the SSS.

[0067] In other embodiments, the CRC of the TSS or PBCH can be computed based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in TSS and/or PBCH, and the CRC may be scrambled based on the 1st Partial Cell ID at the transmitter. An example of such embodiments is illustrated by Figure 13. With this approach, CRC check may only pass if the receiver has correctly detected the 1st partial Cell ID from SSS. This mechanism may provide information integrity protection for both the SSS and the TSS/PBCH.

[0068] The scrambling of the CRC may be implemented by bit-by-bit XOR operation with the 1st Partial Cell ID. In case the 1st Partial cell ID information bits is larger than the CRC bitwidth, L bits, then only the L bits of the 1st Partial cell ID may be used to perform bit-by-bit XOR operations. In case the 1st Partial cell ID information bits, M bits, is smaller than the CRC bitwidth, L bits, then only the M bits of the CRC is scrambled by perform bit-by-bit XOR operations. Alternatively, the 1st Partial cell ID value can be used to generate a pseudorandom sequence which scrambles the CRC entirely.

[0069] In embodiments, the synchronization signal (SS) may comprise PSS, SSS, and TSS. The PSS may be a single sequence used to derive the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset. There may be a fixed association between PSS and SSS time/frequency positions. The UE can derive the time/frequency position of SSS from the detected time/frequency position of the PSS. See e.g., Figures 14-15.

[0070] The SSS may comprise one of a plurality of sequences. Each sequence may convey a specific cell identification (ID), and the UE can detect the exact cell ID from detection of SSS. There may be a fixed association between SSS and TSS time/frequency positions. The UE can derive the time/frequency position of TSS from the detected time/frequency position of the SSS. See e.g., Figures 14-15

[0071] The TSS may comprise one of the plurality of sequences. Each sequence may convey specific a beam/time index, subcarrier spacing of the PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and CRC. The UE can detect the relative position of the PSS/SSS/TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary from detection of TSS, and may also derive the beam ID associated with the TSS. The CRC can be used to verify the detected information, such as cell ID, beam/time index, subcarrier spacing of the PBCH, and reserved bits. There is a fixed association between SSS and TSS time/frequency positions.

[0072] The TSS can be chosen from one of the plurality of sequences that correspond to a specific information set. Alternatively, TSS can be generated from encoding the information set using a linear block code (or Polar code) and modulating the encoded bits with Binary Phase-shift Keying (BPSK) and sending the BPSK sequence.

[0073] The TSS sequence can be further scrambled (e.g., multiplication with a complex sequence) to mitigate false detection. The scrambling sequence is determined by the information derived from SSS. In the example embodiment described above, the scrambling sequence of the TSS is determined by the cell ID, which is carried by the SSS.

[0074] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[0075] Embodiments described herein may be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. Figure 16 illustrates, for one embodiment, example components of an electronic device 100. In embodiments, the electronic device 100 may be, implement, be incorporated into, or otherwise be a part of a user equipment (UE), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or some other suitable electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may include application circuitry 102, baseband circuitry 104, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 106, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 108 and one or more antennas 110, coupled together at least as shown. In embodiments where the electronic device 100 is implemented in or by an eNB/TRP/gNB, the electronic device 100 may also include network interface circuitry (not shown) for communicating over a wired interface (for example, an X2 interface, an SI interface, and the like).

[0076] The application circuitry 102 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 102 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors 102a. The processors) 102a may include any combination of general -purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g.,, graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors 102a may be coupled with and/or may include computer- readable media 102b (also referred to as "CRM 102b", "memory 102b", "storage 102b", or "memory/storage 102b") and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the CRM 102b to enable various applications

and/or operating systems to run on the system.

[0077] The baseband circuitry 104 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 104 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 106 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 106. Baseband circuity 104 may interface with the application circuitry 102 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 106. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 104 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 104a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 104b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 104c, and/or other baseband processors) 104d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g.,, fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 104 (e.g.,, one or more of baseband processors 104a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 106. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, and the like. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 104 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 104 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of

modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other

embodiments. [0078] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 104 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 104e of the baseband circuitry 104 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processors) (DSP) 104f. The audio DSP(s) 104f may include elements for

compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. The baseband circuitry 104 may further include computer-readable media 104g (also referred to as "CRM 104g", "memory 104g", "storage 104g", or "CRM 104g"). The CRM 104g may be used to load and store data and/or instructions for operations performed by the processors of the baseband circuitry 104. CRM 104g for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. The CRM 104g may include any combination of various levels of memory/storage including, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) having embedded software instructions (e.g.,, firmware), random access memory (e.g.,, dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), cache, buffers, etc.). The CRM 104g may be shared among the various processors or dedicated to particular processors. Components of the baseband circuitry 104 may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 104 and the application circuitry 102 may be implemented together, such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

[0079] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 104 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 104 may support communication with an E-UTRAN and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 104 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

[0080] RF circuitry 106 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 106 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc., to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 106 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 108 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 104. RF circuitry 106 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 104 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 108 for transmission.

[0081] In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 106 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry 106 may include mixer circuitry 106a, amplifier circuitry 106b and filter circuitry 106c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 106 may include filter circuitry 106c and mixer circuitry 106a. RF circuitry 106 may also include synthesizer circuitry 106d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 108 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 106d. The amplifier circuitry 106b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 106c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 104 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0082] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 106a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 106d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 108. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 104 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 106c. The filter circuitry 106c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0083] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 106a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or

upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 106a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g.,, Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 106a of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 106a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 106a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

[0084] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 106 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 104 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 106.

[0085] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0086] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 106d may be a fractional- N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 106d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. The synthesizer circuitry 106d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 106a of the RF circuitry 106 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 106d may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer.

[0087] In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 104 or the application circuitry 102 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g.,, N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the application circuitry 102.

[0088] Synthesizer circuitry 106d of the RF circuitry 106 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DP A). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g.,, based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[0089] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 106d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other

embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g.„ twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 106 may include an IQ/polar converter.

[0090] FEM circuitry 108 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 110, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 106 for further processing. FEM circuitry 108 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 106 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 110. In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 108 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry 108 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g.,, to the RF circuitry 106). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 108 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g.,, provided by RF circuitry 106), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g.,, by one or more of the one or more antennas 110).

[0091] In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may include additional elements such as, for example, a display, a camera, one or more sensors, and/or interface circuitry (for example, input/output (I/O) interfaces or buses) (not shown). In embodiments where the electronic device is implemented in or by an eNB/TRP/gNB, the electronic device 100 may include network interlace circuitry. The network interface circuitry may be one or more computer hardware components that connect electronic device 100 to one or more network elements, such as one or more servers within a core network or one or more other eNBs/TRPs/gNBs via a wired connection. To this end, the network interface circuitry may include one or more dedicated processors and/or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to communicate using one or more network communications protocols such as X2 application protocol (AP), SI AP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Ethernet, Point-to-Point (PPP), Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), and/or any other suitable network communications protocols.

[0092] In embodiments where the electronic device 100 is implemented in or by an eNB/TRP/gNB, the electronic device 100 may be to convey information by at least two physical layer signal (or channel) wherein a first portion of information is carried by a first physical layer signal (or channel) and a second portion of information is carried by a second physical layer signal (or channel).

[0093] In embodiments where the electronic device 100 is implemented in or by an eNB/TRP/gNB, the electronic device 100 may be to identify or determine information to be used for NR cell synchronization; generate a new radio access technology (NR)-synchronization signal (SS) comprising the information; and transmit the NR-SS to a user equipment (UE).

[0094] In embodiments where the electronic device 100 is implemented in or by a UE, the electronic device 100 may be to receive the NR-SS from an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP); and obtain, based on an obtained a new radio access technology (NR)- synchronization signal (SS), information for NR cell synchronization.

[0095] In some embodiments, the electronic device of Figure 16 may be configured to perform one or more processes, techniques, and/or methods as described herein, or portions thereof. One such process is depicted in Figure 17. For example, the process may include identifying or determining or causing to identify or determine information to be used for new radio access technology (NR) cell synchronization; generate an NR-synchronization signal (SS) comprising the information; and transmitting or causing to transmit the NR-SS to a user equipment (UE).

[0096] In some embodiments, the electronic device of Figure 16 may be configured to perform one or more processes, techniques, and/or methods as described herein, or portions thereof. One such process is depicted in Figure 18. For example, the process may include receiving or causing to receive a new radio access technology (NR)-synchronization signal (SS) for cell

synchronization; obtaining or causing to obtain, based on an obtained NR-SS, information for NR cell synchronization; and synchronizing or causing to synchronize with one or more cells using the information.

[0097] In some embodiments, the electronic device of Figure 16 may be configured to perform one or more processes, techniques, and/or methods as described herein, or portions thereof. One such process is depicted in Figure 19. For example, the process may include conveying or causing to convey information by at least two physical layer signals, wherein a first portion of information is carried by a first physical layer signal of the at least two physical layer signals and a second portion of information is carried by a second physical layer signal at least two physical layer signals. In embodiments, the process may include determining or causing to determine a first portion of information is carried by a first physical layer signal and a second portion of information; generating or causing to generate the first and second physical layers; and transmitting or causing to transmit the first and second physical layers.

[0098] Figure 20 illustrates an architecture of a system 2000 of a network in accordance with some embodiments. The system 2000 is shown to include a user equipment (UE) 2001 and a UE 2002. The UEs 2001 and 2002 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.

[0099] In some embodiments, any of the UEs 2001 and 2002 can comprise an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communications (MTC) for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-Based Service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks. The M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data. An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the

Internet infrastructure), with short-lived connections. The IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network.

[00100] The UEs 2001 and 2002 may be configured to connect, e.g., communicatively couple, with a radio access network (RAN) 2010— the RAN 2010 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), a Next Gen RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN. The UEs 2001 and 2002 utilize connections 2003 and 2004, respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, the connections 2003 and 2004 are illustrated as an air interlace to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular

communications protocols, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like.

[00101] In this embodiment, the UEs 2001 and 2002 may further directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface 2005. The ProSe interface 200S may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).

[00102] The UE 2002 is shown to be configured to access an access point (AP) 2006 via connection 2007. The connection 2007 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 2006 would comprise a wireless fidelity (WiFi®) router. In this example, the AP 2006 is shown to be connected to the Internet without connecting to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below).

[00103] The RAN 2010 can include one or more access nodes that enable the connections 2003 and 2004. These access nodes (ANs) can be referred to as base stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next Generation NodeBs (gNB), RAN nodes, and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The RAN 2010 may include one or more RAN nodes for providing macrocells, e.g., macro RAN node 2011, and one or more RAN nodes for providing femtocells or picocells (e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells), e.g., low power (LP) RAN node 2012.

[00104] Any of the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 can terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for the UEs 2001 and 2002. In some embodiments, any of the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 can fulfill various logical functions for the RAN 2010 including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

[00105] In accordance with some embodiments, the UEs 2001 and 2002 can be configured to communicate using Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with any of the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

[00106] In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from any of the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 to the UEs 2001 and 2002, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot. Such a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element. Each resource grid comprises a number of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block comprises a collection of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent the smallest quantity of resources that currently can be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks.

[00107] The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may carry user data and higher-layer signaling to the UEs 2001 and 2002. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform the UEs 2001 and 2002 about the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to the UE 102 within a cell) may be performed at any of the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 based on channel quality information fed back from any of the UEs 2001 and 2002. The downlink resource assignment information may be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs 2001 and 2002.

[00108] The PDCCH may use control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, the PDCCH complex- valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets, which may then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs). Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols may be mapped to each REG. The PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of the downlink control information (DO) and the channel condition. There can be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L=l, 2, 4, or 8).

[00109] Some embodiments may use concepts for resource allocation for control channel information that are an extension of the above-described concepts. For example, some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. The EPDCCH may be transmitted using one or more enhanced the control channel elements (ECCEs). Similar to above, each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). An ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs in some situations.

[00110] The RAN 2010 is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network (CN) 2020—via an S 1 interface 2013. In embodiments, the CN 2020 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, aNextGen Packet Core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN. In this embodiment the SI interface 2013 is split into two parts: the Sl-U interface 2014, which carries traffic data between the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 and the serving gateway (S-GW) 2022, and the SI -mobility management entity (MME) interlace 2015, which is a signaling interface between the RAN nodes 2011 and 2012 and MMEs 2021.

[00111] In this embodiment, the CN 2020 comprises the MMEs 2021, the S-GW 2022, the Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 2023, and a home subscriber server (HSS) 2024. The MMEs 2021 may be similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (SGSN). The MMEs 2021 may manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. The HSS 2024 may comprise a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities' handling of communication sessions. The CN 2020 may comprise one or several HSSs 2024, depending on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment, on the organization of the network, etc. For example, the HSS 2024 can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc.

[00112] The S-GW 2022 may terminate the S 1 interface 2013 towards the RAN 2010, and routes data packets between the RAN 2010 and the CN 2020. In addition, the S-GW 2022 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter- 3 GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement.

[00113] The P-GW 2023 may terminate an SGi interface toward a PDN. The P-GW 2023 may route data packets between the EPC network 2023 and external networks such as a network including the application server 2030 (alternatively referred to as application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 2025. Generally, the application server 2030 may be an element offering applications that use IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS Packet Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). In this embodiment, the P-GW 2023 is shown to be communicatively coupled to an application server 2030 via an IP communications interface 2025. The application server 2030 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UEs 2001 and 2002 via the CN 2020. [00114] The P-GW 2023 may further be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF) 2026 is the policy and charging control element of the CN 2020. In a non-roaming scenario, there may be a single PCRF in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) associated with a UE's Internet Protocol

Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session. In a roaming scenario with local breakout of traffic, there may be two PCRFs associated with a UE's IP- CAN session: a Home PCRF (H-PCRF) within a HPLMN and a Visited PCRF (V-PCRF) within a Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). The PCRF 2026 may be communicatively coupled to the application server 2030 via the P- GW 2023. The application server 2030 may signal the PCRF 2026 to indicate a new service flow and select the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) and charging parameters. The PCRF 2026 may provision this rule into a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the appropriate traffic flow template (TFT) and QoS class of identifier (QCI), which commences the QoS and charging as specified by the application server 2030.

[00115] Figure 21 illustrates example components of a device 2100 in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the device 2100 may include application circuitry 2102, baseband circuitry 2104, Radio

Frequency (RF) circuitry 2106, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 2108, one or more antennas 2110, and power management circuitry (PMC) 2112 coupled together at least as shown. The components of the illustrated device 2100 may be included in a UE or a RAN node. In some embodiments, the device 2100 may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 2102, and instead include a processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC). In some embodiments, the device 2100 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display,

camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).

[00116] The application circuitry 2102 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 2102 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors,

application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled with or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 2100. In some embodiments, processors of application circuitry 2102 may process IP data packets received from an EPC.

[00117] The baseband circuitry 2104 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 2104 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 2106 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 2106. Baseband processing circuity 2104 may interface with the application circuitry 2102 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 2106. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 2104 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 2104 A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 2104B, a fifth generation (SG) baseband processor 2104C, or other baseband

processors) 2104D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuitry 2104 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 2104A-D) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 2106. In other embodiments, some or all of the functionality of baseband processors 2104A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory 2104G and executed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2104E. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 2104 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 2104 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

[00118] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 2104 may include one or more audio digital signal processors) (DSP) 2104F. The audio DSP(s) 2104F may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 2104 and the application circuitry 2102 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

[00119] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 2104 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 2104 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network

(EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).

Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 2104 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

[00120] RF circuitry 2106 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 2106 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 2106 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 2108 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 2104. RF circuitry 2106 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 2104 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 2108 for transmission.

[00121] In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 2106 may include mixer circuitry 2106 A, amplifier circuitry 2106B and filter circuitry 2106C. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 2106 may include filter circuitry 2106C and mixer circuitry 2106 A. RF circuitry 2106 may also include synthesizer circuitry 2106D for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 2108 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 2106D. The amplifier circuitry 2106B may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 2106C may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 2104 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 2106 A of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[00122] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 2106A of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 2106D to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 2108. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 2104 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 2106C.

[00123] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 2106A of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 2106A of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2106A may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 2106A of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation. [00124] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 2106 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 2104 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 2106.

[00125] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[00126] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 2106D may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 2106D may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[00127] The synthesizer circuitry 2106D may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 2106 A of the RF circuitry 2106 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 2106D may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer.

[00128] In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 2104 or the applications processor 2102 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 2102.

[00129] Synthesizer circuitry 2106D of the RF circuitry 2106 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DP A). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[00130] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 2106D may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 2106 may include an IQ/polar converter.

[00131] FEM circuitry 2108 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 2110, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 2106 for further processing. FEM circuitry 2108 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 2106 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 2110. In various embodiments, the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry 2106, solely in the FEM 2108, or in both the RF circuitry 2106 and the FEM 2108.

[00132] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 2108 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 2106). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 2108 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 2106), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 2110).

[00133] In some embodiments, the PMC 2112 may manage power provided to the baseband circuitry 2104. In particular, the PMC 2112 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion. The PMC 2112 may often be included when the device 2100 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE. The PMC 2112 may increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.

[00134] While Figure 21 shows the PMC 2112 coupled only with the baseband circuitry 2104. However, in other embodiments, the PMC 21 12 may be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 2102, RF circuitry 2106, or FEM 2108.

[00135] In some embodiments, the PMC 2112 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device 2100. For example, if the device 2100 is in an RRC Connected state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 2100 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.

[00136] If there is no data traffic activity for an Extended period of time, then the device 2100 may transition off to an RRC Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The device 2100 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 2100 may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it must transition back to RRC Connected state.

[00137] An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable. [00138] Processors of the application circuitry 2102 and processors of the baseband circuitry 2104 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, processors of the baseband circuitry 2104, alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry 2104 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers). As referred to herein, Layer 3 may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 2 may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1 may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, described in further detail below.

[00139] Figure 22 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. As discussed above, the baseband circuitry 2104 of Figure 21 may comprise processors 2104A-2104E and a memory 2104G utilized by said processors. Each of the processors 2104A-2104E may include a memory interface, 2204A-2204E, respectively, to send/receive data to/from the memory 2104G.

[00140] The baseband circuitry 2104 may further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries/devices, such as a memory interface 2212 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry 2104), an application circuitry interface 2214 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from the application circuitry 2102 of Figure 21), an RF circuitry interface 2216 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry 2106 of Figure 21), a wireless hardware connectivity interface 2218 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components), and a power management interface 2220 (e.g., an interface to send/receive power or control signals to/from the PMC 2112).

[00141] Figure 23 is an illustration of a control plane protocol stack in accordance with some embodiments. In this embodiment, a control plane 2300 is shown as a communications protocol stack between the UE 2001 (or alternatively, the UE 2002), the RAN node 2011 (or alternatively, the RAN node 2012), and the MME 2021.

[00142] The PHY layer 2301 may transmit or receive information used by the MAC layer 2302 over one or more air interfaces. The PHY layer 2301 may further perform link adaptation or adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), power control, cell search (e.g., for initial synchronization and handover purposes), and other measurements used by higher layers, such as the RRC layer 2305. The PHY layer 2301 may still further perform error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna processing.

[00143] The MAC layer 2302 may perform mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC service data units (SDUs) from one or more logical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to PHY via transport channels, de-multiplexing MAC SDUs to one or more logical channels from transport blocks (TB) delivered from the PHY via transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and logical channel prioritization.

[00144] The RLC layer 2303 may operate in a plurality of modes of operation, including: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). The RLC layer 2303 may execute transfer of upper layer protocol data units (PDUs), error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ) for AM data transfers, and concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs for UM and AM data transfers. The RLC layer 2303 may also execute re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs for AM data transfers, reorder RLC data PDUs for UM and AM data transfers, detect duplicate data for UM and AM data transfers, discard RLC SDUs for UM and AM data transfers, detect protocol errors for AM data transfers, and perform RLC re-establishment.

[00145] The PDCP layer 2304 may execute header compression and decompression of IP data, maintain PDCP Sequence Numbers (SNs), perform in-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs at re-establishment of lower layers, eliminate duplicates of lower layer SDUs at re-establishment of lower layers for radio bearers mapped on RLC AM, cipher and decipher control plane data, perform integrity protection and integrity verification of control plane data, control timer-based discard of data, and perform security operations (e.g., ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification, etc.).

[00146] The main services and functions of the RRC layer 2305 may include broadcast of system information (e.g., included in Master Information Blocks (MIBs) or System Information Blocks (SIBs) related to the non-access stratum (NAS)), broadcast of system information related to the access stratum (AS), paging, establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and E-UTRAN (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of point to point Radio Bearers, security functions including key management, inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE

measurement reporting. Said MIBs and SIBs may comprise one or more information elements (IEs), which may each comprise individual data fields or data structures.

[00147] The UE 2001 and the RAN node 2011 may utilize a Uu interface (e.g., an LTE-Uu interface) to exchange control plane data via a protocol stack comprising the PHY layer 2301, the MAC layer 2302, the RLC layer 2303, the PDCP layer 2304, and the RRC layer 2305.

[00148] The non-access stratum (NAS) protocols 2306 form the highest stratum of the control plane between the UE 2001 and the MME 2021. The NAS protocols 2306 support the mobility of the UE 2001 and the session management procedures to establish and maintain IP connectivity between the UE 2001 and the P-GW 2023.

[00149] The S 1 Application Protocol (S 1 - AP) layer 2315 may support the functions of the SI interface and comprise Elementary Procedures (EPs). An EP is a unit of interaction between the RAN node 2011 and the CN 2020. The Sl- AP layer services may comprise two groups: UE-associated services and non UE-associated services. These services perform functions including, but not limited to: E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer (E-RAB) management, UE capability indication, mobility, NAS signaling transport, RAN Information Management (RIM), and configuration transfer.

[00150] The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) layer (alternatively referred to as the SCTMP layer) 2314 may ensure reliable delivery of signaling messages between the RAN node 2011 and the MME 2021 based, in part, on the IP protocol, supported by the IP layer 2313. The L2 layer 2312 and the L1 layer 2311 may refer to communication links (e.g., wired or wireless) used by the RAN node and the MME to exchange information.

[00151] The RAN node 2011 and the MME 2021 may utilize an Sl-MME interface to exchange control plane data via a protocol stack comprising the L1 layer 2311 , the L2 layer 2312, the IP layer 2313, the SCTP layer 2314, and the Sl-AP layer 2315.

[00152] Figure 24 is an illustration of a user plane protocol stack in accordance with some embodiments. In this embodiment, a user plane 2400 is shown as a communications protocol stack between the UE 2001 (or alternatively, the UE 2002), the RAN node 2011 (or alternatively, the RAN node 2012), the S-GW 2022, and the P-GW 2023. The user plane 2400 may utilize at least some of the same protocol layers as the control plane 2300. For example, the UE 2001 and the RAN node 2011 may utilize a Uu interface (e.g., an LTE- Uu interface) to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack comprising the PHY layer 2301, the MAC layer 2302, the RLC layer 2303, the PDCP layer 2304.

[00153] The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol for the user plane (GTP-U) layer 2404 may be used for carrying user data within the GPRS core network and between the radio access network and the core network. The user data transported can be packets in any of IPv4, IPv6, or PPP formats, for example. The UDP and IP security (UDP/TP) layer 2403 may provide checksums for data integrity, port numbers for addressing different functions at the source and destination, and encryption and authentication on the selected data flows. The RAN node 2011 and the S-GW 2022 may utilize an S 1 - U interface to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack comprising the L1 layer 2311, the L2 layer 2312, the UDP/TP layer 2403, and the GTP-U layer 2404. The S-GW 2022 and the P-GW 2023 may utilize an S5/S8a interface to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack comprising the L1 layer 2311, the L2 layer 2312, the UDP/IP layer 2403, and the GTP-U layer 2404. As discussed above with respect to Figure 23, NAS protocols support the mobility of the UE 2001 and the session management procedures to establish and maintain IP connectivity between the UE 2001 and the P-GW 2023.

[00154] Figure 25 illustrates components of a core network in accordance with some embodiments. The components of the CN 2020 may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium). In some

embodiments, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is utilized to virtualize any or all of the above described network node functions via executable instructions stored in one or more computer readable storage mediums

(described in further detail below). A logical instantiation of the CN 2020 may be referred to as a network slice 2501. A logical instantiation of a portion of the CN 2020 may be referred to as a network sub-slice 2502 (e.g., the network sub- slice 2502 is shown to include the PGW 2023 and the PCRF 2026).

[00155] NFV architectures and infrastructures may be used to virtualize one or more network functions, alternatively performed by proprietary hardware, onto physical resources comprising a combination of industry-standard server hardware, storage hardware, or switches. In other words, NFV systems can be used to execute virtual or reconfigurable implementations of one or more EPC components/functions.

[00156] Figure 26 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, of a system 2600 to support NFV. The system 2600 is illustrated as including a virtualized infrastructure manager (VIM) 2602, a network function virtualization infrastructure (NFVI) 2604, a VNF manager (VNFM) 2606, virtualized network functions (VNFs) 2608, an element manager (EM) 2610, an NFV Orchestrator (NFVO) 2612, and a network manager (NM) 2614.

[00157] The VIM 2602 manages the resources of the NFVI 2604. The NFVI 2604 can include physical or virtual resources and applications (including hypervisors) used to execute the system 2600. The VIM 2602 may manage the life cycle of virtual resources with the NFVI 2604 (e.g., creation, maintenance, and tear down of virtual machines (VMs) associated with one or more physical resources), track VM instances, track performance, fault and security of VM instances and associated physical resources, and expose VM instances and associated physical resources to other management systems.

[00158] The VNFM 2606 may manage the VNFs 2608. The VNFs 2608 may be used to execute EPC components/functions. The VNFM 2606 may manage the life cycle of the VNFs 2608 and track performance, fault and security of the virtual aspects of VNFs 2608. The EM 2610 may track the performance, fault and security of the functional aspects of VNFs 2608. The tracking data from the VNFM 2606 and the EM 2610 may comprise, for example, performance measurement (PM) data used by the VIM 2602 or the NFVI 2604. Both the VNFM 2606 and the EM 2610 can scale up/down the quantity of VNFs of the system 2600.

[00159] The NFVO 2612 may coordinate, authorize, release and engage resources of the NFVI 2604 in order to provide the requested service (e.g., to execute an EPC function, component, or slice). The NM 2614 may provide a package of end-user functions with the responsibility for the management of a network, which may include network elements with VNFs, non-virtualized network functions, or both (management of the VNFs may occur via the EM 2610).

[00160] Figure 27 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine- readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically, Figure 27 shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 2700 including one or more processors (or processor cores) 2710, one or more memory/storage devices 2720, and one or more

communication resources 2730, each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 2740. For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor 2702 may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources 2700

[00161] The processors 2710 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) such as a baseband processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 2712 and a processor 2714.

[00162] The memory/storage devices 2720 may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices 2720 may include, but are not limited to any type of volatile or non-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random- access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc.

[00163] The communication resources 2730 may include interconnection or network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 2704 or one or more databases 2706 via a network 2708. For example, the communication resources 2730 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components.

[00164] Instructions 27S0 may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors 2710 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions 27S0 may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors 2710 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), the memory/storage devices 2720, or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions 2750 may be transferred to the hardware resources 2700 from any combination of the peripheral devices 2704 or the databases 2706. Accordingly, the memory of processors 2710, the memory/storage devices 2720, the peripheral devices 2704, and the databases 2706 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media.

EXAMPLES

[00165] Example 1 may include an apparatus comprising: [00166] means for generating a new radio access technology (NR)- synchronization signal (SS), wherein the NR-SS is to carry information for NR. cell synchronization.

[00167] Example 2 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00168] multiplexing the NR-SS in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner, frequency division multiplexing (EDM) manner, or a TDM and FDM manner.

[00169] Example 3 may include the apparatus of examples 1-2, and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS comprises an NR-primary synchronization signal (PSS), an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS), an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and/or a combination of an NR-TSS and NR-PBCH.

[00170] Example 4 may include the apparatus of example 3 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises information for time/frequency synchronization.

[00171] Example 5 may include the apparatus of example 3 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS S comprises a portion of the information is to indicate a set of NR cell identifiers (IDs) or the information is to indicate a set of all NR cell IDs, wherein the NR-SS S is for detection and demodulation of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH, and wherein the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH is a sequence based signal or a payload based signal.

[00172] Example 6 may include the apparatus of example 5 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus further comprises:

[00173] means for encoding the NR-TSS according to a channel coding scheme, wherein the channel coding scheme is one of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) scheme, Turbo coding scheme, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC) scheme, Polar coding scheme, block coding scheme, hadamard coding scheme, or a rate matching (RM) coding scheme.

[00174] Example 7 may include the apparatus of examples 3-6 and/or some other examples herein, wherein a same antenna port assumption is applied between the NR-SSS and the NR-TSS or NR-PBCH to facilitate channel estimation from NR-SSS to detect or decode NR-TSS/NR-PBCH. [00175] Example 8 may include the apparatus of examples 5-7 and/or some other examples herein, wherein when the NR-SSS, the NR-TSS, or the NR-PBCH comprises the portion of information that indicates the set of NR cell IDs, another portion of the information is to indicate another set of NR cell IDs.

[00176] Example 9 may include the apparatus of examples 5-8 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS/NR-PBCH and/or the NR-SSS is a sequence based signal, the portion of information and the other portion of information is 32 (5bits).

[00177] Example 10 may include the apparatus of examples 6-9 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

[00178] means for applying a scrambling sequence to the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, wherein the scrambling sequences correspond to sequences or cell IDs indicated by the NR-SSS.

[00179] Example 11 may include the apparatus of example 5, 10, and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus further comprises:

[00180] means for attaching a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to the information.

[00181] Example 12 may include the apparatus of example 11 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for:

[00182] performing a bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the information.

[00183] Example 13 may include the apparatus of examples 11-12 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH is to be computed based on a second (2nd) Partial Cell ID or based on both a first (1st) Partial Cell ID and the 2nd Partial Cell ID, wherein the 1st Partial Cell ID is to be derived from a detected sequence of the NR-SSS and the 2nd Partial Cell ID is detected and/or decoded information bits of the NR- TSS and/or NR-PBCH.

[00184] Example 14 may include the apparatus of example 13 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus further comprises: [00185] means for generating an NR. reference signal (RS) for demodulating the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, wherein the NR-RS is to be derived by the detected information bits of the NR-SSS.

[00186] Example 15 may include the apparatus of examples 11-12 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH is to be computed based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, and the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for scrambling the CRC based on the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00187] Example 16 may include the apparatus of example 15 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for:

[00188] performing a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the information and/or the CRC with the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00189] Example 17 may include the apparatus of example 16 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00190] when information bits of the 1 st Partial cell ID is larger than a CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the 1st Partial cell ID equal to the CRC bitwidth are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation; and

[00191] when the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is less than the CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the CRC equal to the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation.

[00192] Example 18 may include the apparatus of example 15 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for:

[00193] generating a pseudo-random sequence using the 1st Partial cell ID; and

[00194] using the pseudo-random sequence as a scrambling sequence for scrambling the CRC.

[00195] Example 19 may include the apparatus of examples 4-18 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises a sequence for derivation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset, wherein derivation of the NR-PSS is based on an association between a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS, wherein derivation of the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS is based on detection of the time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS.

[00196] Example 20 may include the apparatus of example 19 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises an individual sequence of a plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequence comprises the information including the set of NR cell IDs, wherein detection of the individual NR cell ID from detection of the NR-SSS is based on an association between the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-TSS.

[00197] Example 21 may include the apparatus of example 20 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00198] the NR-TSS comprises an individual sequence of the plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequences further convey a beam/time index, a subcarrier spacing of the NR-PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and a CRC,

[00199] detection of a relative position of the NR-PSS and/or NR-SSS and/or NR-TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary is based on detection of the NR-TSS, wherein derivation of a beam ID associated with the NR-TSS is based on detection of the NR-TSS,

[00200] verification of the information is based on the CRC.

[00201] Example 22 may include the apparatus of example 21 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00202] means for selecting an individual sequence for the NR-TSS that corresponds to an information set;

[00203] means for encoding the NR-TSS the information set using a linear block coding scheme or a Polar code coding scheme; and

[00204] means for modulating the encoded NT-TSS with Binary Phase- shift Keying (BPSK).

[00205] Example 23 may include the apparatus of example 22 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for:

[00206] applying a scrambling sequence to the NR-TSS to mitigate false detection, wherein detection of the scrambling sequence is based on information derived from the NR-SSS. [00207] Example 24 may include the apparatus of examples 1-23 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00208] means for transmitting the NR-SS to a user equipment (UE).

[00209] Example 25 may include the apparatus of examples 1-24 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is implemented in or by an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP).

[00210] Example 26 may include an apparatus comprising:

[00211] means for obtaining, based on an obtained a new radio access technology (NR)-synchronization signal (SS), information for NR cell synchronization.

[00212] Example 27 may include the apparatus of example 26 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS is multiplexed in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner, or a TDM and FDM manner.

[00213] Example 28 may include the apparatus of examples 26-27, and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS comprises an NR-primary synchronization signal (PSS), an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS), an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and/or a combination of an NR-TSS and NR-PBCH.

[00214] Example 29 may include the apparatus of example 28 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises information for time/frequency synchronization.

[00215] Example 30 may include the apparatus of example 28 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS S comprises a portion of the information is to indicate a set of NR cell identifiers (IDs) or the information is to indicate a set of all NR cell IDs, wherein the NR-SS S is for detection and demodulation of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH, and wherein the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH is a sequence based signal or a payload based signal.

[00216] Example 31 may include the apparatus of example 30 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus further comprises:

[00217] means for decoding the NR-TSS according to a channel coding scheme, wherein the channel coding scheme is one of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) scheme, Turbo coding scheme, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC) scheme, Polar coding scheme, block coding scheme, hadamard coding scheme, or a rate matching (RM) coding scheme.

[00218] Example 32 may include the apparatus of examples 28-31 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

[00219] means for detecting and/or decoding the NR-TSS and/or the NR- PBCH based on a same antenna port assumption that is applied between the NR- SSS and the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH.

[00220] Example 33 may include the apparatus of examples 30-32 and/or some other examples herein, wherein when the NR-SSS, the NR-TSS, or the NR-PBCH comprises the portion of information that indicates the set of NR cell IDs, another portion of the information is to indicate another set of NR cell IDs.

[00221] Example 34 may include the apparatus of examples 30-33 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS/NR-PBCH and/or the NR-SSS is a sequence based signal, the portion of information and the other portion of information is 32 (Sbits).

[00222] Example 35 may include the apparatus of examples 31-34 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

[00223] means for descrambling the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH using a scrambling sequence, wherein the scrambling sequence corresponds to sequences or cell IDs indicated by the NR-SSS.

[00224] Example 36 may include the apparatus of example 30, 35, and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus further comprises:

[00225] means for extracting or obtaining a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) from the information.

[00226] Example 37 may include the apparatus of example 36 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for descrambling is further for:

[00227] performing a bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the information.

[00228] Example 38 may include the apparatus of examples 36-37 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00229] means for decoding the NR-SSS to obtain a first (1st) Partial Cell ID from a detected sequence of the NR-SSS; and [00230] means for decoding information bits of the NR-TSS and/or NR- PBCH to obtain a second (2nd) Partial Cell ID, and

[00231] wherein the means for extracting are further for:

[00232] obtaining the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR- PBCH based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID or based on both the 1 st Partial Cell ID and the 2nd Partial Cell ID.

[00233] Example 39 may include the apparatus of example 38 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

[00234] means for decoding an NR reference signal (RS) based on the information of the NR-SSS; and

[0023S] means for demodulating the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on the NR-RS.

[00236] Example 40 may include the apparatus of example 38-39 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00237] the means for extracting are for obtaining the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based only on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, and

[00238] the means for descrambling is further for descrambling the CRC based on the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00239] Example 41 may include the apparatus of example 40 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for descrambling is further for:

[00240] performing a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the information and/or the CRC with the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00241] Example 42 may include the apparatus of example 41 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00242] when information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is larger than a CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the 1st Partial cell ID equal to the CRC bitwidth are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation; and

[00243] when the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is less than the CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the CRC equal to the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation.

[00244]

[00245] Example 43 may include the apparatus of example 40 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for descrambling is further for: [00246] generating a pseudo-random sequence using the 1 st Partial cell ID; and

[00247] using the pseudo-random sequence as a scrambling sequence for descrambling the CRC.

[00248] Example 44 may include the apparatus of examples 29-43 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises a sequence for derivation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset, and the apparatus further comprises:

[00249] means for decoding and demodulating the NR-PSS; and

[00250] means for decoding and demodulating the NR-SSS based on detection of a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and based on an association between a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS.

[00251] Example 45 may include the apparatus of example 44 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises an individual sequence of a plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequence comprises the information including the set of NR cell IDs, and the apparatus further comprises:

[00252] means for determining the individual NR cell ID from detection of the NR-SSS based on an association between the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-TSS.

[00253] Example 46 may include the apparatus of example 45 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-TSS comprises an individual sequence of the plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequences further convey a beam/time index, a subcarrier spacing of the NR-PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and a CRC, and the apparatus further comprising:

[00254] means for detecting a relative position of the NR-PSS and/or NR- SSS and/or NR-TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary based on detection of the NR-TSS,

[00255] means for determining a beam ID associated with the NR-TSS based on detection of the NR-TSS; and

[00256] means for verifying accuracy and/or correctness the information based on the CRC. [00257] Example 47 may include the apparatus of example 46 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00258] means for demodulating the NT-TSS with Binary Phase-shift Keying (BPSK); and

[00259] means for decoding the individual sequence of the NR-TSS to obtain an information set using a linear block coding scheme or a Polar code coding scheme, wherein the individual sequence of the NR-TSS includes the information set.

[00260] Example 48 may include the apparatus of example 47 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for descrambling is further for:

[00261] determining a scrambling sequence to descramble the NR-TSS, wherein determination of the scrambling sequence is based on information obtained from the NR-SSS; and

[00262] descrambling the NR-TSS using the scrambling sequence.

[00263] Example 49 may include the apparatus of examples 26-48 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00264] means for receiving the NR-SS from an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP).

[00265] Example SO may include the apparatus of examples 26-49 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is implemented in or by a user equipment (UE).

[00266] Example 51 may include the system and method of conveying information by at least two physical layer signal (or channel) wherein a first portion of information is carried by a first physical layer signal (or channel) and a second portion of information is carried by a second physical layer signal (or channel).

[00267] Example 52 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information is cell ID, bandwidth of NR carrier, beam index, time index, CP information, carrier frequency, or numerology.

[00268] Example S3 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first portion of information and the second portion of information are exclusive each other. [00269] Example 54 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first portion of information and the second portion of information are partially overlapped.

[00270] Example 55 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first physical layer signal (or channel) is NR-SSS.

[00271] Example 56 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the second physical layer signal (or channel) is NR-TSS or NR-PBCH.

[00272] Example 57 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first physical layer signal (or channel) and/or the second physical layer signal (or channel) are transmitted along with NR-PSS.

[00273] Example 58 may include the system and method of example 57 and/or some other examples herein, wherein NR-PSS, the first physical layer signal (or channel) and/or the second physical layer signal (or channel) are multiplexed by TDM, FDM, or TDM+FDM.

[00274] Example 59 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first and the second physical layer signals are based on sequence.

[00275] Example 60 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first physical layer signal is based on sequence and the second physical layer channel is based on payload with channel coding.

[00276] Example 61 may include the system and method of example 51 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the second physical layer channel/signal is scrambled by a sequence/bit corresponding to the sequence used in the first physical layer signal.

[00277] Example 62 may include a system and method of generating and transmitting a physical channel for synchronization signal/channel or broadcast channel, wherein the payload is applied by channel coding and CRC. Example 12 may be combined with any one or more of examples 51-61 and/or some other examples discussed herein. [00278] Example 63 may include the system and method of example 62 and/or some other examples herein, wherein CRC is scrambled by information.

[00279] Example 64 may include the system and method of example 63 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information is (partial) cell ID, bandwidth of NR. carrier, beam index, time index, CP information, carrier frequency, or numerology (subcarrier spacing).

[00280] Example 65 may include the system and method of conveying information by at least two physical layer signal (or channel) wherein a first portion of information is carried by a first physical layer signal (or channel), a second portion of information is carried by a second physical layer signal (or channel), and a third portion of information is carried by a third physical layer signal (or channel). Example 15 may be combined with any one or more of examples 51-64 and/or some other examples discussed herein.

[00281] Example 66 may include the system and method of example 65 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information is cell ID, subcarrier spacing of primary broadcast channel, and beam or time index.

[00282] Example 67 may include the system and method of example 65 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the third physical layer signal is scrambled based on information derived from the second physical layer signal (or channel).

[00283] Example 68 may include the system and method of example 67 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the derived information from the secondary physical layer signal is cell ID.

[00284] Example 69 may include the system and method of example 68 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information carried by the third physical layer signal is derived information subcarrier spacing of primary broadcast channel, and beam or time index.

[00285] Example 70 may include the system and method of example 69 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the third physical layer signal additionally carries CRC, in which can be used to check the integrity of cell ID, subcarrier spacing of primary broadcast channel, and beam or time index.

[00286] Example 71 may include an apparatus to:

[00287] identify or determine information to be used for new radio access technology (NR) cell synchronization; and [00288] generate an NR-synchronization signal (SS) comprising the information.

[00289] Example 72 may include the apparatus of example 71 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00290] multiplex the NR-SS in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner, or a TDM and FDM manner.

[00291] Example 73 may include the apparatus of examples 71-72, and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS comprises an NR-primary synchronization signal (PSS), an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS), an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and/or a combination of an NR-TSS and NR-PBCH.

[00292] Example 74 may include the apparatus of example 73 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises information for time/frequency synchronization.

[00293] Example 75 may include the apparatus of example 73 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS S comprises a portion of the information is to indicate a set of NR cell identifiers (IDs) or the information is to indicate a set of all NR cell IDs, wherein the NR-SS S is for detection and demodulation of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH, and wherein the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH is a sequence based signal or a payload based signal.

[00294] Example 76 may include the apparatus of example 75 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus is to:

[00295] encode the NR-TSS according to a channel coding scheme, wherein the channel coding scheme is one of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) scheme, Turbo coding scheme, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC) scheme, Polar coding scheme, block coding scheme, hadamard coding scheme, or a rate matching (RM) coding scheme.

[00296] Example 77 may include the apparatus of examples 73-76 and/or some other examples herein, wherein a same antenna port assumption is applied between the NR-SSS and the NR-TSS or NR-PBCH to facilitate channel estimation from NR-SSS to detect or decode NR-TSS/NR-PBCH. [00297] Example 78 may include the apparatus of examples 75-77 and/or some other examples herein, wherein when the NR-SSS, the NR-TSS, or the NR-PBCH comprises the portion of information that indicates the set of NR cell IDs, another portion of the information is to indicate another set of NR cell IDs.

[00298] Example 79 may include the apparatus of examples 75-78 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS/NR-PBCH and/or the NR-SSS is a sequence based signal, the portion of information and the other portion of information is 32 (5bits).

[00299] Example 80 may include the apparatus of examples 76-79 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00300] scramble the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH using a scrambling sequence, wherein the scrambling sequence corresponds to sequences or cell IDs indicated by the NR-SSS.

[00301] Example 81 may include the apparatus of example 75, 80, and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus is to:

[00302] attach a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to the information.

[00303] Example 82 may include the apparatus of example 81 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to scramble to NT-TSS and/or the NR- PBCH, the apparatus is to:

[00304] perform a bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the information.

[00305] Example 83 may include the apparatus of examples 81-82 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH is to be computed based on a second (2nd) Partial Cell ID or based on both a first (1st) Partial Cell ID and the 2nd Partial Cell ID, wherein the 1st Partial Cell ID is to be derived from a detected sequence of the NR-SSS and the 2nd Partial Cell ID is detected and/or decoded information bits of the NR- TSS and/or NR-PBCH.

[00306] Example 84 may include the apparatus of example 83 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00307] generate an NR reference signal (RS) for demodulating the NR- TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, wherein the NR-RS is to be derived by the detected information bits of the NR-SSS. [00308] Example 85 may include the apparatus of examples 81 -82 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH is to be computed based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, and the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for scrambling the CRC based on the 1 st Partial Cell ID.

[00309] Example 86 may include the apparatus of example 85 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to scramble to NT-TSS and/or the NR- PBCH, the apparatus is to:

[00310] perform a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the information and/or the CRC with the 1 st Partial Cell ID.

[00311] Example 87 may include the apparatus of example 86 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00312] when information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is larger than a CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the 1st Partial cell ID equal to the CRC bitwidth are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation; and

[00313] when the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is less than the CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the CRC equal to the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation.

[00314] Example 88 may include the apparatus of example 85 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to scramble to NT-TSS and/or the NR- PBCH, the apparatus is to:

[00315] generate a pseudo-random sequence using the 1st Partial cell ID; and

[00316] use the pseudo-random sequence as a scrambling sequence for scrambling the CRC.

[00317] Example 89 may include the apparatus of examples 74-88 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises a sequence for derivation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset, wherein derivation of the NR-PSS is based on an association between a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS, wherein derivation of the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS is based on detection of the time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS. [00318] Example 90 may include the apparatus of example 89 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises an individual sequence of a plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequence comprises the information including the set of NR cell IDs, wherein detection of the individual NR cell ID from detection of the NR-SSS is based on an association between the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-TSS.

[00319] Example 91 may include the apparatus of example 90 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00320] the NR-TSS comprises an individual sequence of the plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequences further convey a beam/time index, a subcarrier spacing of the NR-PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and a CRC,

[00321] detection of a relative position of the NR-PSS and/or NR-SSS and/or NR-TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary is based on detection of the NR-TSS, wherein derivation of a beam ID associated with the NR-TSS is based on detection of the NR-TSS,

[00322] verification of the information is based on the CRC.

[00323] Example 92 may include the apparatus of example 91 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00324] select an individual sequence for the NR-TSS that corresponds to an information set;

[00325] encode the NR-TSS the information set using a linear block coding scheme or a Polar code coding scheme; and

[00326] modulate the encoded NT-TSS using Binary Phase-shift Keying (BPSK).

[00327] Example 93 may include the apparatus of example 92 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to scramble to NT-TSS and/or the NR- PBCH, the apparatus is to:

[00328] apply a scrambling sequence to the NR-TSS to mitigate false detection, wherein detection of the scrambling sequence is based on information derived from the NR-SSS.

[00329] Example 94 may include the apparatus of examples 71-93 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00330] transmit the NR-SS to a user equipment (UE). [00331] Example 95 may include the apparatus of examples 71-94 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is implemented in or by an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP).

[00332] Example 96 may include an apparatus to:

[00333] obtain, based on an obtained a new radio access technology (NR)- synchronization signal (SS), information for NR. cell synchronization.

[00334] Example 97 may include the apparatus of example 96 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS is multiplexed in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner, or a TDM and FDM manner.

[0033S] Example 98 may include the apparatus of examples 96-97, and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS comprises an NR-primary synchronization signal (PSS), an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS), an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and/or a combination of an NR-TSS and NR-PBCH.

[00336] Example 99 may include the apparatus of example 98 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises information for time/frequency synchronization.

[00337] Example 100 may include the apparatus of example 98 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS S comprises a portion of the information is to indicate a set of NR cell identifiers (IDs) or the information is to indicate a set of all NR cell IDs, wherein the NR-SS S is for detection and demodulation of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH, and wherein the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH is a sequence based signal or a payload based signal.

[00338] Example 101 may include the apparatus of example 100 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus is to:

[00339] decode the NR-TSS according to a channel coding scheme, wherein the channel coding scheme is one of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) scheme, Turbo coding scheme, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC) scheme, Polar coding scheme, block coding scheme, hadamard coding scheme, or a rate matching (RM) coding scheme. [00340] Example 102 may include the apparatus of examples 98-100 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00341] detect and/or decode the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on a same antenna port assumption that is applied between the NR-SSS and the NR- TSS and/or NR-PBCH.

[00342] Example 103 may include the apparatus of examples 100-102 and/or some other examples herein, wherein when the NR-SSS, the NR-TSS, or the NR-PBCH comprises the portion of information that indicates the set of NR cell IDs, another portion of the information is to indicate another set of NR cell IDs.

[00343] Example 104 may include the apparatus of examples 100-103 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS/NR-PBCH and/or the NR-SSS is a sequence based signal, the portion of information and the other portion of information is 32 (5bits).

[00344] Example 105 may include the apparatus of examples 101-104 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00345] determine one or more cell IDs from the NR-SSS;

[00346] determine a scrambling sequence corresponding to the one or more cell IDs indicated by the NR-SSS; and

[00347] descramble the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH using the scrambling sequence.

[00348] Example 106 may include the apparatus of example 100, 105, and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the apparatus is to:

[00349] extract or obtain a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) from the information.

[00350] Example 107 may include the apparatus of example 106 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to descramble, the apparatus is to:

[00351] perform a bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the information.

[00352] Example 108 may include the apparatus of examples 106-107 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00353] decode the NR-SSS to obtain a first (1st) Partial Cell ID from a detected sequence of the NR-SSS; and [00354] decode information bits of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH to obtain a second (2nd) Partial Cell ID, and

[003SS] wherein to extract the CRC, the apparatus is to:

[00356] obtain the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID or based on both the 1 st Partial Cell ID and the 2nd Partial Cell ID.

[00357] Example 109 may include the apparatus of example 108 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00358] decode an NR reference signal (RS) based on the information of the NR-SSS; and

[00359] demodulate the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on the NR- RS.

[00360] Example 110 may include the apparatus of example 108-109 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00361] wherein to extract the CRC, the apparatus is to obtain the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based only on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, and

[00362] wherein to descramble, the apparatus is to descramble the CRC based on the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00363] Example 111 may include the apparatus of example 1 10 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to descramble, the apparatus is to:

[00364] perform a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the information and/or the CRC with the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00365] Example 112 may include the apparatus of example 111 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00366] when information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is larger than a CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the 1st Partial cell ID equal to the CRC bitwidth are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation; and

[00367] when the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is less than the CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the CRC equal to the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation.

[00368] Example 113 may include the apparatus of example 110 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to descramble, the apparatus is to: [00369] generate a pseudo-random sequence using the 1 st Partial cell ID; and

[00370] use the pseudo-random sequence as a scrambling sequence for descrambling the CRC.

[00371] Example 1 14 may include the apparatus of examples 99-113 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises a sequence for derivation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset, and the apparatus is to:

[00372] decode and demodulate the NR-PSS; and

[00373] decode and demodulate the NR-SSS based on detection of a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and based on an association between a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS.

[00374] Example 115 may include the apparatus of example 114 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises an individual sequence of a plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequence comprises the information including the set of NR cell IDs, and the apparatus is to:

[0037S] determine the individual NR cell ID from detection of the NR- SSS based on an association between the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-TSS.

[00376] Example 116 may include the apparatus of example 115 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-TSS comprises an individual sequence of the plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequences further convey a beam/time index, a subcarrier spacing of the NR-PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and a CRC, and the apparatus is to:

[0037η detect a relative position of the NR-PSS and/or NR-SSS and/or NR-TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary based on detection of the NR- TSS;

[00378] determine a beam ID associated with the NR-TSS based on detection of the NR-TSS; and

[00379] verify accuracy and/or correctness the information based on the CRC.

[00380] Example 117 may include the apparatus of example 116 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to: [00381] demodulate the NT-TSS with Binary Phase-shift Keying (BPSK); and

[00382] decode the individual sequence of the NR-TSS to obtain an information set using a linear block coding scheme or a Polar code coding scheme, wherein the individual sequence of the NR-TSS includes the information set.

[00383] Example 118 may include the apparatus of example 117 and/or some other examples herein, wherein to descramble, the apparatus is to:

[00384] determine a scrambling sequence to descramble the NR-TSS, wherein determination of the scrambling sequence is based on information obtained from the NR-SSS; and

[0038S] descramble the NR-TSS using the scrambling sequence.

[00386] Example 119 may include the apparatus of examples 96-118 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is to:

[00387] receive the NR-SS from an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP).

[00388] Example 120 may include the apparatus of examples 96-119 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the apparatus is implemented in or by a user equipment (UE).

[00389] Example 121 may include a method comprising:

[00390] generating or causing to generate a new radio access technology

(NR)-synchronization signal (SS), wherein the NR-SS is to carry information for

NR cell synchronization.

[00391] Example 122 may include the method of example 121 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00392] multiplexing or causing to multiplex the NR-SS in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner, or a TDM and FDM manner.

[00393] Example 123 may include the method of examples 121-122, and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS comprises an NR- primary synchronization signal (PSS), an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS), an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and/or a combination of an NR-TSS and NR-PBCH. [00394] Example 124 may include the method of example 123 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises information for time/frequency synchronization.

[00395] Example 125 may include the method of example 123 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises a portion of the information is to indicate a set of NR cell identifiers (IDs) or the information is to indicate a set of all NR cell IDs, wherein the NR-SSS is for detection and demodulation of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH, and wherein the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH is a sequence based signal or a payload based signal.

[00396] Example 126 may include the method of example 125 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the method further comprises:

[00397] encoding or causing to encode the NR-TSS according to a channel coding scheme, wherein the channel coding scheme is one of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) scheme, Turbo coding scheme, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC) scheme, Polar coding scheme, block coding scheme, hadamard coding scheme, or a rate matching (RM) coding scheme.

[00398] Example 127 may include the method of examples 123-126 and/or some other examples herein, wherein a same antenna port assumption is applied between the NR-SSS and the NR-TSS or NR-PBCH to facilitate channel estimation from NR-SSS to detect or decode NR-TSS/NR-PBCH.

[00399] Example 128 may include the method of examples 125-127 and/or some other examples herein, wherein when the NR-SSS, the NR-TSS, or the NR-PBCH comprises the portion of information that indicates the set of NR cell IDs, another portion of the information is to indicate another set of NR cell IDs.

[00400] Example 129 may include the method of examples 125-128 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS/NR-PBCH and/or the NR-SSS is a sequence based signal, the portion of information and the other portion of information is 32 (5bits).

[00401] Example 130 may include the method of examples 126-129 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the method further comprises: [00402] applying or causing to apply a scrambling sequence to the NR- TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, wherein the scrambling sequences correspond to sequences or cell IDs indicated by the NR-SSS.

[00403] Example 131 may include the method of example 125, 130, and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the method further comprises:

[00404] attaching or causing to attach a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to the information.

[00405] Example 132 may include the method of example 131 and/or some other examples herein, wherein applying the scrambling sequence comprises:

[00406] performing or causing to perform a bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the information.

[00407] Example 133 may include the method of examples 131-132 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH is to be computed based on a second (2nd) Partial Cell ID or based on both a first (1st) Partial Cell ID and the 2nd Partial Cell ID, wherein the 1st Partial Cell ID is to be derived from a detected sequence of the NR-SSS and the 2nd Partial Cell ID is detected and/or decoded information bits of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH.

[00408] Example 134 may include the method of example 133 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00409] generating or causing to generate an NR reference signal (RS) for demodulating the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, wherein the NR-RS is to be derived by the detected information bits of the NR-SSS.

[00410] Example 135 may include the method of examples 131-132 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH is to be computed based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, and the means for applying the scrambling sequence is further for scrambling the CRC based on the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00411] Example 136 may include the method of example 135 and/or some other examples herein, wherein applying the scrambling sequence comprises: [00412] performing or causing to perform a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the information and/or the CRC with the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00413] Example 137 may include the method of example 136 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00414] when information bits of the 1 st Partial cell ID is larger than a CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the 1st Partial cell ID equal to the CRC bitwidth are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation; and

[00415] when the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is less than the CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the CRC equal to the information bits of the 1 st Partial cell ID are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation.

[00416] Example 138 may include the method of example 135 and/or some other examples herein, wherein applying the scrambling sequence comprises:

[00417] generating or causing to generate a pseudo-random sequence using the 1st Partial cell ID; and

[00418] using or causing to use the pseudo-random sequence as a scrambling sequence for scrambling the CRC.

[00419] Example 139 may include the method of examples 124-138 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises a sequence for derivation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset, wherein derivation of the NR-PSS is based on an association between a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS, wherein derivation of the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS is based on detection of the time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS.

[00420] Example 140 may include the method of example 139 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises an individual sequence of a plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequence comprises the information including the set of NR cell IDs, wherein detection of the individual NR cell ID from detection of the NR-SSS is based on an association between the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-TSS.

[00421] Example 141 may include the method of example 140 and/or some other examples herein, wherein: [00422] the NR-TSS comprises an individual sequence of the plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequences further convey a beam/time index, a subcarrier spacing of the NR-PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and a CRC,

[00423] detection of a relative position of the NR-PSS and/or NR-SSS and/or NR-TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary is based on detection of the NR-TSS, wherein derivation of a beam ID associated with the NR-TSS is based on detection of the NR-TSS,

[00424] verification of the information is based on the CRC.

[00425] Example 142 may include the method of example 141 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00426] selecting or causing to select an individual sequence for the NR- TSS that corresponds to an information set;

[00427] encoding or causing to encode the NR-TSS the information set using a linear block coding scheme or a Polar code coding scheme; and

[00428] modulating or causing to modulate the encoded NT-TSS with Binary Phase-shift Keying (BPSK).

[00429] Example 143 may include the method of example 142 and/or some other examples herein, wherein applying the scrambling sequence comprises:

[00430] applying or causing to apply a scrambling sequence to the NR- TSS to mitigate false detection, wherein detection of the scrambling sequence is based on information derived from the NR-SSS.

[00431] Example 144 may include the method of examples 121-143 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00432] transmitting or causing to transmit the NR-SS to a user equipment (UE).

[00433] Example 145 may include the method of examples 121-144 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the method is performed by an apparatus that is implemented in or by an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP).

[00434] Example 146 may include a method comprising:

[00435] obtaining or causing to obtain, based on an obtained a new radio access technology (NR)-synchronization signal (SS), information for NR. cell synchronization. [00436] Example 147 may include the method of example 146 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS is multiplexed in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner, or a TDM and FDM manner.

[00437] Example 148 may include the method of examples 146-147, and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS comprises an NR- primary synchronization signal (PSS), an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS), an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and/or a combination of an NR-TSS and NR-PBCH.

[00438] Example 149 may include the method of example 148 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises information for time/frequency synchronization.

[00439] Example 15O may include the method of example 148 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SS S comprises a portion of the information is to indicate a set of NR cell identifiers (IDs) or the information is to indicate a set of all NR cell IDs, wherein the NR-SS S is for detection and demodulation of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH, and wherein the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH is a sequence based signal or a payload based signal.

[00440] Example 1S1 may include the method of example 30 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the method further comprises:

[00441] decoding or causing to decode the NR-TSS according to a channel coding scheme, wherein the channel coding scheme is one of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) scheme, Turbo coding scheme, Low Density Parity Check coding (LDPC) scheme, Polar coding scheme, block coding scheme, hadamard coding scheme, or a rate matching (RM) coding scheme.

[00442] Example 1S2 may include the method of examples 148-151 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the method further comprises:

[00443] detecting and/or decoding or causing to detect and/or decode the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on a same antenna port assumption that is applied between the NR-SSS and the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH.

[00444] Example 1S3 may include the method of examples 150-152 and/or some other examples herein, wherein when the NR-SSS, the NR-TSS, or the NR-PBCH comprises the portion of information that indicates the set of NR cell IDs, another portion of the information is to indicate another set of NR cell IDs.

[00445] Example 154 may include the method of examples 150-153 and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS/NR-PBCH and/or the NR-SSS is a sequence based signal, the portion of information and the other portion of information is 32 (5bits).

[00446] Example 155 may include the method of examples 151-154 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the method further comprises:

[00447] descrambling or causing to descramble the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH using a scrambling sequence, wherein the scrambling sequence corresponds to sequences or cell IDs indicated by the NR-SSS.

[00448] Example 156 may include the method of example 150, 155, and/or some other examples herein, wherein, when the NR-TSS is a payload based signal, the method further comprises:

[00449] extracting or obtaining or causing to extract or obtain a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) from the information.

[00450] Example 157 may include the method of example 156 and/or some other examples herein, wherein descrambling comprises:

[00451] performing or causing to perform a bit level exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the information.

[00452] Example 158 may include the method of examples 156-157 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00453] decoding or causing to decode the NR-SSS to obtain a first (1st) Partial Cell ID from a detected sequence of the NR-SSS; and

[00454] decoding or causing to decode information bits of the NR-TSS and/or NR-PBCH to obtain a second (2nd) Partial Cell ID, and

[00455] wherein extracting comprises:

[00456] obtaining or causing to obtain the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on the 2nd Partial Cell ID or based on both the 1st Partial Cell ID and the 2nd Partial Cell ID.

[00457] Example 159 may include the method of example 158 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00458] decoding or causing to decode an NR reference signal (RS) based on the information of the NR-SSS; and [00459] demodulating or causing to demodulate the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based on the NR-RS.

[00460] Example 160 may include the method of example 158-159 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00461] the extracting comprises obtaining or causing to obtain the CRC embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH based only on the 2nd Partial Cell ID embedded in the NR-TSS and/or the NR-PBCH, and

[00462] the descrambling comprises descrambling or causing to descramble the CRC based on the 1 st Partial Cell ID.

[00463] Example 161 may include the method of example 160 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the means for descrambling is further for:

[00464] performing a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the information and/or the CRC with the 1st Partial Cell ID.

[00465] Example 162 may include the method of example 161 and/or some other examples herein, wherein:

[00466] when information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is larger than a CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the 1st Partial cell ID equal to the CRC bitwidth are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation; and

[00467] when the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID is less than the CRC bitwidth, then only a number of bits of the CRC equal to the information bits of the 1st Partial cell ID are used to perform the bit-by-bit XOR operation.

[00468] Example 163 may include the method of example 160 and/or some other examples herein, wherein descrambling comprises:

[00469] generating or causing to generate a pseudo-random sequence using the 1st Partial cell ID; and

[00470] using or causing to use the pseudo-random sequence as a scrambling sequence for descrambling the CRC.

[00471] Example 164 may include the method of examples 149-163 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS comprises a sequence for derivation of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol boundary and coarse frequency offset, and the method further comprises:

[00472] decoding and demodulating or causing to decode ad demodulate the NR-PSS; and [00473] decoding and demodulating or causing to decode ad demodulate the NR-SSS based on detection of a time and/or frequency position of the NR- PSS and based on an association between a time and/or frequency position of the NR-PSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS.

[00474] Example 165 may include the method of example 164 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-SSS comprises an individual sequence of a plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequence comprises the information including the set of NR cell IDs, and the method further comprises:

[00475] determining or causing to determine the individual NR cell ID from detection of the NR-SSS based on an association between the time and/or frequency position of the NR-SSS and a time and/or frequency position of the NR-TSS.

[00476] Example 166 may include the method of example 165 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-TSS comprises an individual sequence of the plurality of sequences, wherein the individual sequences further convey a beam/time index, a subcarrier spacing of the NR-PBCH, reserved bits for future use, and a CRC, and the method further comprises:

[00477] detecting or causing to detect a relative position of the NR-PSS and/or NR-SSS and/or NR-TSS within a slot (or subframe) boundary based on detection of the NR-TSS,

[00478] determining or causing to determine a beam ID associated with the NR-TSS based on detection of the NR-TSS; and

[00479] verifying or causing to verify accuracy and/or correctness the information based on the CRC.

[00480] Example 167 may include the method of example 166 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00481] demodulating or causing to demodulate the NT-TSS with Binary Phase-shift Keying (BPSK); and

[00482] decoding or causing to decode the individual sequence of the NR- TSS to obtain an information set using a linear block coding scheme or a Polar code coding scheme, wherein the individual sequence of the NR-TSS includes the information set. [00483] Example 168 may include the method of example 167 and/or some other examples herein, wherein descrambling comprises:

[00484] determining or causing to determine a scrambling sequence to descramble the NR-TSS, wherein determination of the scrambling sequence is based on information obtained from the NR-SSS; and

[00485] descrambling or causing to descramble the NR-TSS using the scrambling sequence.

[00486] Example 169 may include the method of examples 146-168 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00487] receiving or causing to receive the NR-SS from an evolved

NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP).

[00488] Example 170 may include the method of examples 146-169 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the method is performed by an apparatus that is implemented in or by a user equipment (UE).

[00489] Example 171 may include a method comprising:

[00490] conveying or causing to convey information by at least two physical layer signals, wherein a first portion of information is carried by a first physical layer signal of the at least two physical layer signals and a second portion of information is carried by a second physical layer signal at least two physical layer signals.

[00491] Example 172 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information comprises a cell identifier (ED), bandwidth of a new radio access technology (NR) carrier, beam index, time index, Cyclic Prefix (CP) information, carrier frequency, and/or numerology.

[00492] Example 173 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first portion of information and the second portion of information are exclusive to each other.

[00493] Example 174 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first portion of information and the second portion of information are partially overlapped. [00494] Example 175 may include the system and method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first physical layer signal is an NR-secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

[00495] Example 176 may include the system and method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the second physical layer signal is an NR-tertiary synchronization signal (TSS) and/or an NR-physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[00496] Example 177 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00497] transmitting or causing to transmit the first physical layer signal and/or the second physical layer signal along with an NR-primary

synchronization signal (PSS).

[00498] Example 178 may include the method of example 177 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the NR-PSS, the first physical layer signal and/or the second physical layer signal are multiplexed by TDM, FDM, or TDM and FDM.

[00499] Example 179 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first and the second physical layer signals are based on a sequence.

[00500] Example 180 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the first physical layer signal is based on a sequence and the second physical layer channel is based on a payload with channel coding.

[00501] Example 181 may include the method of example 171 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising: scrambling or causing to scramble the second physical layer signal by a sequence/bit corresponding to the sequence used in the first physical layer signal.

[00502] Example 182 may include the method of examples 171-181, further comprising: generating or causing to generate a synchronization signal (SS) and/or physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein a payload of the SS and/or the PBCH is applied by channel coding and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC); and transmitting or causing to transmit the SS and/or the PBCH. [00503] Example 183 may include the method of example 182 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising: scrambling the CRC using information.

[00504] Example 184 may include the method of example 183 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information comprises a cell ID, a bandwidth of an NR carrier, a beam index, a time index, a CP information, a carrier frequency, or numerology and/or subcarrier spacing.

[00505] Example 185 may include a method of examples 171-184 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the at least two physical layer signals are among a plurality of physical layer signals, and a third portion of information is carried by a third physical layer signal of the plurality of physical layer signals.

[00506] Example 186 may include the method of example 185 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information comprises a cell ID, a subcarrier spacing of the primary broadcast channel, and a beam and/or time index.

[00507] Example 187 may include the method of example 185 and/or some other examples herein, further comprising:

[00508] scrambling or causing to scramble the third physical layer signal based on information derived from the second physical layer signal.

[00509] Example 188 may include the method of example 187 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the derived information from the secondary physical layer signal is a cell ID.

[00510] Example 189 may include the method of example 188 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the information carried by the third physical layer signal is derived information of the subcarrier spacing of the primary broadcast channel, and the beam and/or time index.

[00511] Example 190 may include the method of example 189 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the third physical layer signal additionally carries CRC to be used to check the integrity of the cell ID, the subcarrier spacing of the primary broadcast channel, and the beam and/or time index.

[00512] Example 191 may include the method of examples 171 -190 and/or some other examples herein, wherein the method is performed by an apparatus that is implemented in or by an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or a transmission reception point (TRP). [00513] Example 192 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-191, or any other method or process described herein.

[00514] Example 193 may include one or more non-transitory computer- readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-191, or any other method or process described herein.

[00515] Example 194 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-191, or any other method or process described herein.

[00516] Example 195 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-191, or portions or parts thereof.

[00517] Example 196 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-191, or portions thereof.

[00518] Example 197 may include an electronic signal for cell synchronization as described in or related to any of examples 1-191, or portions or parts thereof.

[00519] Example 198 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[00520] Example 199 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[00521] Example 200 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[00522] Example 201 may include a system comprising the circuitry to transmit the control signal and data with different beam patterns.

[00523] Example 202 may include the method of example 201 and/or some other example herein, wherein the control network (NW) beams may be wider than the data NW beams. [00524] Example 203 may include the method of example 202 and/or some other example herein, wherein the control NW beams may be applied to Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS), SG Physical Broadcast Channel (xPBCH), 5G System Information Block (xSIB) and 5G Physical Downlink Control Channel (xPDCCH).

[00S2S] Example 204 may include the method of example 202 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data NW beams may be applied to SG Physical Downlink Shared Channel (xPDSCH) and the Channel State

Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

[00526] Example 20S may include the method of example 202 and/or some other example herein, wherein different control NW beams can be applied to different Synchronization Signal Group (SSG) and each SSG may PSS, SSS and ESS.

[00527] Example 206 may include the method of example 20S and/or some other example herein, wherein PSS, SSS and ESS within one SSG may be transmitted in a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) manner or Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) manner.

[00528] Example 207 may include the method of example 202 and/or some other example herein, wherein multiple repeated xPBCH blocks and the

SSGs can be transmitted in the same subframe in a TDM or FDM manner.

[00529] Example 208 may include the method of example 207 and/or some other example herein, wherein the beam applied to one SSG can be the same as the beam applied to one xPBCH block.

[00530] Example 209 may include the method of example 202 and/or some other example herein, wherein the UE may select the control NW beam with highest receiving power and report this receiving power to the eNodeB.

[00531] Example 210 may include the method of example 202 and/or some other example herein, wherein the CSI-RS can be scheduled by a

Downlink Control Information (DCI) in which a UE selected control NW beam can be applied.

[00532] Example 211 may include the method of example 210 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data beams applied to the CSI-RS could have the direction around the control NW beam applied to the DCI. [00533] Example 212 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 201-211, or any other method or process described herein.

[00534] Example 213 may include one or more non-transitory computer- readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 201-211, or any other method or process described herein.

[00535] Example 214 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 201-21 1, or any other method or process described herein.

[00536] Example 215 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 201-211, or portions or parts thereof.

[00537] Example 216 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 201-211, or portions thereof.

[00538] Example 217 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[00539] Example 218 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[00540] Example 219 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[00541] Example 220 is an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry, configured to: receive at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) using a first multiple-input multiple-output (MUVfO) beam; determine a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam according to a first control signal received via the first MEMO beam; receive at least one of a channel state inform gation reference signal (CSI-RS) and a data signal using the second MIMO beam; and determine channel state information (CSI) according to a data signal received via the second MDVIO beam.

[00542] In Example 221, the subject matter of Example 220 optionally includes wherein: a downlink control information (DCI) is decoded from the first MIMO beam; and a beamformed channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) is received according to a schedule determined by the DCI.

[00543] In Example 222, the subject matter of Example 221 optionally includes wherein the CSI-RS is received using a third MEMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam.

[00544] In Example 223, the subject matter of any one or more of

Examples 220-222 optionally include the apparatus further configured to receive a second control signal using a third MIMO beam.

[00545] Example 224 is an apparatus of an eNodeB wireless device, the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry, configured to: transmit a first control signal using a first multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam; and transmit a data signal using a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam, the data signal transmitted according to the first control signal.

[00546] In Example 225, the subject matter of Example 224 optionally includes G system information block (xSIG).

[00547] In Example 226, the subject matter of any one or more of

Examples 224-225 optionally include wherein the first control signal includes a synchronization signal group (SSG) having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via at least one of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM).

[00548] In Example 227, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 224-226 optionally include the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM; and the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM.

[00549] In Example 228, the subject matter of Example 227 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via FDM. [00550] In Example 229, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 227-228 optionally include wherein: the PSS, SSS, and ESS are repeated twice in the first synchronization frame; and the PSS, SSS, and ESS are repeated twice in the second synchronization frame.

[00551] In Example 230, the subject matter of any one or more of

Examples 227-229 optionally include wherein the apparatus transmits the first control signal at a time offset from the second control signal to transmit each of the PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the first control signal during a different time period than the corresponding PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the second control signal.

[00552] In Example 231, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 224-230 optionally include the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via EDM and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH, the first synchronization frame and the second synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM; and the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH, the third synchronization frame and the fourth synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM.

[00553] In Example 232, the subject matter of Example 231 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

[00554] In Example 233, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 224-232 optionally include the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM; and the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM; wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

[00555] In Example 234, the subject matter of Example 233 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal each include at least two copies of xPBCH multiplexed via FDM. [00556] In Example 235, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 224-234 optionally include the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MEMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed by TDM, and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH multiplexed with the first synchronization frame via FDM; and the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed by TDM, and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH multiplexed with the first synchronization frame via FDM.

[00557] In Example 236, the subject matter of Example 235 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

[00558] In Example 237, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 235-236 optionally include wherein the first control signal and the second control signal each include at least two copies of xPBCH multiplexed via FDM.

[00559] In Example 238, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 224-237 optionally include wherein a radial width of the first MIMO beam is at least twice as large as a radial width of the second MIMO beam.

[00560] Example 239 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), the operations to configure the one or more processors to perform the following operations: receive at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) using a first multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam; determine a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam according to a first control signal received via the first MIMO beam; receive at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a data signal using the second MIMO beam; and determine channel state information (CSI) according to a data signal received via the second MIMO beam.

[00561] In Example 240, the subject matter of Example 239 optionally includes wherein: a downlink control information (DO) is decoded from the first MEMO beam; and a beamformed channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) is received according to a schedule determined by the DCI.

[00562] In Example 241, the subject matter of Example 240 optionally includes wherein the CSI-RS is received using a third MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam.

[00S63] In Example 242, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 239-241 optionally include the operations to further configure the one or more processors to receive a second control signal using a third MBVfO beam.

[00564] Example 243 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by an apparatus of an eNodeB wireless device, the operations to configure the one or more processors to perform the following operations: transmit a first control signal using a first multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam; and transmit a data signal using a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam, the data signal transmitted according to the first control signal.

[00565] In Example 244, the subject matter of Example 243 optionally includes G system information block (xSIG).

[00566] In Example 245, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 243-244 optionally include wherein the first control signal includes a synchronization signal group (SSG) having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via at least one of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM).

[00567] In Example 246, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 243-245 optionally include the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MEMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM; and the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM.

[00568] In Example 247, the subject matter of Example 246 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via FDM. [00569] In Example 248, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 246-247 optionally include wherein: the PSS, SSS, and ESS are repeated twice in the first synchronization frame; and the PSS, SSS, and ESS are repeated twice in the second synchronization frame.

[00570] In Example 249, the subject matter of any one or more of

Examples 246-248 optionally include wherein the apparatus transmits the first control signal at a time offset from the second control signal to transmit each of the PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the first control signal during a different time period than the corresponding PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the second control signal.

[00571] In Example 250, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 243-249 optionally include the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MHVLO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH, the first synchronization frame and the second synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM; and the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH, the third synchronization frame and the fourth synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM.

[00572] In Example 251 , the subject matter of Example 250 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

[00573] In Example 252, the subject matter of any one or more of

Examples 243-251 optionally include the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM; and the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM; wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM. [00574] In Example 253, the subject matter of Example 252 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal each include at least two copies of xPBCH multiplexed via FDM .

[00575] In Example 254, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 243-253 optionally include the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein: the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed by TDM, and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH multiplexed with the first synchronization frame via FDM; and the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed by TDM, and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH multiplexed with the first synchronization frame via FDM.

[00576] In Example 255, the subject matter of Example 254 optionally includes wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

[00577] In Example 256, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 254-255 optionally include wherein the first control signal and the second control signal each include at least two copies of xPBCH multiplexed via FDM.

[00578] In Example 257, the subject matter of any one or more of

Examples 243-256 optionally include wherein a radial width of the first MIMO beam is at least twice as large as a radial width of the second MIMO beam.

[00579] The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:

1. An apparatus of a user equipment (LIE), the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry, configured to:

receive at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) using a first multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) beam;

determine a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam according to a first control signal received via the first MIMO beam;

receive at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI- RS) and a data signal using the second MIMO beam; and

determine channel state information (CSI) according to a data signal received via the second MIMO beam.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

a downlink control information (DCI) is decoded from the first ΜΓΜΟ beam; and

a beamformed channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) is received according to a schedule determined by the DCI.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the CSI-RS is received using a third MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, the apparatus further configured to receive a second control signal using a third MIMO beam.

5. An apparatus of an eNodeB wireless device, the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry, configured to:

transmit a first control signal using a first multiple-input multiple-output

(MIMO) beam; and

transmit a data signal using a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam, the data signal transmitted according to the first control signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first control signal includes at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), extended synchronization signal (ESS), 5G physical broadcasting channel (xPBCH), 5G master information block (xMIS), and SG system information block (xSIG).

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first control signal includes a synchronization signal group (SSG) having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via at least one of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM).

8. The apparatus of claim 5, the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS,

SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM; and

the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via FDM.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

the PSS, SSS, and ESS are repeated twice in the first synchronization frame; and

the PSS, SSS, and ESS are repeated twice in the second synchronization frame.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus transmits the first control signal at a time offset from the second control signal to transmit each of the PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the first control signal during a different time period than the corresponding PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the second control signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 5, the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH, the first synchronization frame and the second synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM; and

the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH, the third synchronization frame and the fourth synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

14. The apparatus of claim 5, the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM; and

the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM;

wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal each include at least two copies of xPBCH multiplexed via FDM.

16. The apparatus of claim 5, the apparatus further configured to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed by TDM, and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH multiplexed with the first synchronization frame via FDM; and

the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed by TDM, and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH multiplexed with the first synchronization frame via FDM.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first control signal and the second control signal each include at least two copies of xPBCH multiplexed via FDM.

19. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein a radial width of the first MIMO beam is at least twice as large as a radial width of the second MEMO beam.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), the operations to configure the one or more processors to perform the following operations: receive at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) using a first multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) beam;

determine a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam according to a first control signal received via the first MIMO beam;

receive at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-

RS) and a data signal using the second MIMO beam; and

determine channel state information (CSI) according to a data signal received via the second MIMO beam.

21. The medium of claim 20, wherein:

a downlink control information (DCI) is decoded from the first MIMO beam; and

a beamformed channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) is received according to a schedule determined by the DCI.

22. The medium of claim 21 , wherein the CSI-RS is received using a third MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam.

23. The medium of claim 20, the operations to further configure the one or more processors to receive a second control signal using a third MIMO beam.

24. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by an apparatus of an eNodeB wireless device, the operations to configure the one or more processors to perform the following operations:

transmit a first control signal using a first multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam; and

transmit a data signal using a second MIMO beam correlated with the first MIMO beam, the data signal transmitted according to the first control signal.

25. The medium of claim 24, wherein the first control signal includes at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal

(SSS), extended synchronization signal (ESS), 5G physical broadcasting channel (xPBCH), 5G master information block (xMIS), and SG system information block (xSIG).

26. The medium of claim 24, wherein the first control signal includes a synchronization signal group (SSG) having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via at least one of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM).

27. The medium of claim 24, the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM; and

the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having

PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via TDM.

28. The medium of claim 27, wherein the apparatus transmits the first control signal at a time offset from the second control signal to transmit each of the PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the first control signal during a different time period than the corresponding PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH in the second control signal.

29. The medium of claim 24, the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS,

SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a second synchronization frame having xPBCH, the first synchronization frame and the second synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM; and

the second control signal includes a third synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, and ESS multiplexed via FDM and a fourth synchronization frame having xPBCH, the third synchronization frame and the fourth synchronization frame multiplexed via TDM.

30. The apparatus of claim 24, the operations to further configure the one or more processors to transmit a second control signal using a third MIMO beam, wherein:

the first control signal includes a first synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM; and

the second control signal includes a second synchronization frame having PSS, SSS, ESS, and xPBCH multiplexed via FDM;

wherein the first control signal and the second control signal are multiplexed via TDM.