WO2017185859A1 - Skyflash furnace - Google Patents

Skyflash furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017185859A1
WO2017185859A1 PCT/CN2017/074027 CN2017074027W WO2017185859A1 WO 2017185859 A1 WO2017185859 A1 WO 2017185859A1 CN 2017074027 W CN2017074027 W CN 2017074027W WO 2017185859 A1 WO2017185859 A1 WO 2017185859A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flash furnace
reaction tower
side blowing
pool
reaction
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PCT/CN2017/074027
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李效东
夏明�
邱江波
黄小兵
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天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2017185859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017185859A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
    • C22B15/0047—Smelting or converting flash smelting or converting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a sky flash furnace.
  • Flash metallurgy has been used only for the smelting of metal sulfide ore from the invention to the present. It has not been applied to the smelting of oxidized ore.
  • flash smelting of copper sulphide ore is used.
  • the flash smelting process is to cure the powdered copper after drying.
  • the concentrate is thoroughly mixed with the oxygen-enriched air through the concentrate nozzle and sprayed into the flash furnace.
  • the hot dissociation and oxidation reactions are carried out in the high temperature reaction tower to partially oxidize and slag the copper concentrate, and the copper content is produced.
  • High ice copper Since the reaction of sulfide and oxygen releases a large amount of heat, there is no need to additionally add heat to the molten pool, and it is only necessary to inject an oxygen-containing gas.
  • the inner width of the upper part of the molten pool is determined according to the inner diameter of the reaction tower, generally 1-2 meters of the inner diameter of the reaction tower, and the inner diameter of the reaction tower of the existing flash furnace is greater than 3
  • the inner width of the meter that is, the molten pool of the sulfide ore flash furnace, must be greater than 4 meters.
  • a schematic view of a conventional sulphide mine flash furnace is shown in Figure 3.
  • the conventional method of metal oxide ore smelting is to reduce the metal oxide therein by using a reducing agent at a high temperature. Therefore, if the metal oxide ore is subjected to a flash smelting process, it is necessary to provide a reducing agent and a heat required for smelting for the reaction tower space and the molten pool. Among them, the reaction tower space must be prepared in advance for the temperature and reducing atmosphere required for smelting, and the molten pool also needs to maintain a certain temperature and a reducing environment.
  • the present invention aims to propose a sky flash furnace to solve the problem that the existing flash furnace cannot smelt oxidized ore.
  • a sky flash furnace comprising a reaction tower 1 and a feeding device for feeding the reaction tower 1, the reaction tower 1 is connected with a gasification chamber 5, and at least one molten pool 2 is disposed at a lower portion of the reaction tower 1
  • Each of the molten pools 2 is provided with a slag discharging port, and each of the molten pools 2 is provided with a side blowing molten pool section having an inner width of less than 3 meters, and a side blowing arrangement is arranged on a side of the side blowing molten pool section.
  • the flash furnace further includes a flue 3 for discharging flue gas generated during the reaction, and the flue 3 communicates with the reaction tower 1 through the molten pool 2.
  • the number of the flue 3 is the same as the number of the molten pool 2.
  • the side blow pool section has a length of 8-20 meters. So that the melt can have a long enough time and distance for reduction and clarification separation to improve metal recovery.
  • the side blowing pool section is a rectangular parallelepiped; preferably, the side blowing pool section has an inner width of 1.5-2.5 meters.
  • the molten pool 2 is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column 1 toward the inner end of the flue 3 to less than 3 meters. So that the flow rate of the melt does not change suddenly, and it can smoothly flow to the side blowing pool section of less than 3 meters.
  • the inner width of the molten pool 2 is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column 1 to a distance of less than 3 meters and not less than 1 meter.
  • the number of the molten pools 2 is 1-4. Since the inner width of the side-blown molten pool section is less than 3 meters, the volume of the single molten pool is smaller than that of the conventional flash furnace, and the molten pool capacity needs to be matched with the reaction tower feeding and space smelting capacity, and multiple molten pools can be set as needed.
  • the side blowing arrangement includes a side blowing hole symmetrically disposed in the side blowing pool section and a side blowing nozzle 4 disposed in the side blowing hole.
  • Side blowing provides reductant and heat for molten pool smelting.
  • the position of the side blowing arrangement corresponds to the slag layer in the side blowing pool section, so that the side blowing arrangement injects material into the slag layer of the side blowing pool section,
  • the material is an oxygen-containing gas and a carbon-containing fuel.
  • the oxygen-containing gas is one of air, oxygen-air mixture or process oxygen.
  • the carbon-containing fuel is heavy oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal, coke, and hydrocarbon gas.
  • the side blowing of the slag layer causes tumbling or convection between the upper and lower layers of the slag, facilitating heat and material exchange between the upper and lower layers of the slag, reducing the viscosity of the flow of the slag, and improving the recovery rate of the metal.
  • the temperature and reducing capacity of the molten pool can be adjusted, and the temperature of the molten pool can be adjusted within 1800 ° C to form a high-temperature reducing environment with good metallurgical properties.
  • the gasification chamber 5 is located at the top of the reaction column 1. In this way, the gas stream can enter the sky flash furnace from the top of the reaction tower 1, so that the mineral powder and the reducing atmosphere entering the sky flash furnace have a longer contact time in the sky flash furnace, thereby improving the reduction rate of the metal oxide to be smelted. .
  • the gasification chamber 5 is used to produce a reducing gas for the sky flash furnace and to provide the heat required for space smelting.
  • the gasification chamber 5 is provided with a spray gun or a nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-generating material into the gasification chamber 5.
  • the spray gun or nozzle is disposed on the gasification chamber 5 and penetrates the inner wall of the gasification chamber 5 and extends into the gasification chamber 5.
  • the spray gun or the nozzle is used for injecting into the gasification chamber 5 a combination of one or more of an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-making raw material such as: coal powder, coal water slurry, water vapor, natural gas, fuel oil, methane, acetylene, and methanol.
  • a rapid chemical reaction takes place in the gasification chamber through the oxygen and gas generating materials to produce a high concentration of reducing gas and provide heat to the reaction column.
  • the spray gun or nozzle can be single or multi-channel, and can only spray one kind of raw material. Multi-channel spray gun or nozzle can also spray a variety of raw materials at the same time.
  • the gas pressure in the gasification chamber 5 can be greater than or equal to the pressure of the reaction column 1, preferably a high pressure condition, by constructing an independent high temperature and high pressure gasification space, so that the gasification raw material can be well vaporized, thereby improving the effective reducing gas (CO).
  • the concentration of +H 2 ).
  • the sky flash furnace of the invention realizes the functions of gas generation and heat supply through a separate component gasification chamber, and has a compact structure compared with the existing metallurgical industry in which the tail gas is reformed and then returned as a smelting gas.
  • the process is simple, the one-time investment is small, the energy consumption is low, and the production and maintenance costs are low.
  • the feeding device is located on the reaction tower 1.
  • the feeding device is one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port; or a combination of one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port and a burner.
  • the molten pool 2 or the flue 3 is provided with a gas introduction device.
  • the gas introduction device is a spray gun or a blower device.
  • a plurality of spray guns or air blowing devices are arranged on the upper part or the side wall of the molten pool. If necessary, the oxygen-containing gas can be injected and burned by the reducing gas passing through the flue above the molten pool.
  • the molten pool can be supplemented with heat, and on the other hand, the molten pool can be heated.
  • the reducing gas is removed to reduce the subsequent tail gas treatment process for the reducing gas.
  • the arrangement of the spray gun or the air blowing device on the flue 3 also has a similar effect. On the one hand, the smoke temperature is prevented from falling, and the soot is bonded to block the flue. On the other hand, the reducing gas can be consumed, and the subsequent processing steps are eliminated.
  • the side blowing pool section is located between the slag discharge port and the reaction tower 1. Therefore, the slag is discharged after being fully reduced and precipitated by the side-blown molten pool section, thereby improving the recovery rate of the metal to be smelted.
  • the present invention also provides a method of smelting using the sky flash furnace.
  • the invention also protects the use of the sky flash furnace in smelting.
  • the sky flash furnace of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the sky flash furnace of the invention injects fuel and oxygen into the gasification chamber, and generates a reducing gas and heat required for space melting in the gasification chamber, and the reducing gas carrying the heat enters the reaction tower space and is thoroughly mixed with the mineral powder. Complete the reduction smelting.
  • gasification chamber of the present invention provides for reducing the effective reaction column gas (CO + H 2) component ratio of the maximum volume of up to 95%, up to a temperature of 1600 °C.
  • the gasification chamber of the invention has a compact structure, and realizes the function of supplying heat and gas to the sky flash furnace by a single device, and is compared with the existing metallurgical processes for reforming the tail gas and then returning as a smelting gas.
  • the gasification chamber has a simple gasification principle, and can be realized by simple chemical reaction using a gas generating raw material (such as coal powder) and oxygen, without performing gasification or gas conversion by other complicated and expensive methods (such as plasma ionization). , greatly reducing production and use costs.
  • the gasification chamber of the invention realizes miniaturization and light weight of the equipment, has small investment, low maintenance and use cost, fully utilizes heat generated by gasification, and saves energy and reduces consumption.
  • the molten pool of the sky flash furnace provided by the invention is provided with a side blowing molten pool section having an inner width of less than 3 m, and the inner width of the molten pool is smaller than the diameter of the reaction tower, which subverts the design principle of the conventional flashing furnace - the inner width of the molten pool is certain It is larger than the diameter of the reaction tower.
  • the inner width of the molten pool is more than 4 meters, and according to practical experience, the range that can be affected by the way of blowing on both sides of the molten pool has a diameter of up to 3 meters, so if the side is blown Providing heat and reducing agent for the molten pool, the center of the molten pool cannot be affected, resulting in high melt viscosity and low metal reduction rate; therefore, the conventional flash furnace type is used for the smelting of metal oxide ore.
  • the design of the weld pool must be changed and the inner width must be limited to 3 meters.
  • the invention provides a side blowing pool section with an inner width of less than 3 meters, so that all parts of the molten pool can be directly affected by the side blowing, in particular, the central part can be blown through, so that the molten pool forms a liquid melting with good fluidity.
  • the body reduction environment not only improves the slag property, but also improves the reduction rate of the metal to be smelted.
  • the sky flash furnace of the invention can manufacture a high concentration of reducing gas in the gasification chamber and provide heat required for space smelting, and ensure that the reduction reaction of the floating metal oxidized ore in the reaction tower can be carried out quickly and efficiently;
  • the various positions of the molten pool can be blown through, the heat is supplemented to the molten pool and the reducing agent is provided, and the reduction of the remaining metal oxide to be smelted in the oxidized ore is completed.
  • Figure 1-3 is a schematic structural view of a conventional sulfide ore flash furnace
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a second structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a third structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a fourth structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a fifth structural schematic view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a sixth structural schematic view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a seventh structural schematic view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing an eighth structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a ninth structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first”, “second”, and the like are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first”, “second”, etc. may include one or more of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the above terms can be understood by specific circumstances. The specific meaning in the present invention.
  • a sky flash furnace as shown in FIG. 4-13, comprises a reaction tower 1 and a feeding device fed into the reaction tower 1, a reaction chamber 1 is connected with a gasification chamber 5, and a lower portion of the reaction tower 1 is provided with at least one molten pool.
  • each of the molten pools 2 is provided with a slag discharge port, the slag discharge ports are not marked in Figure 4-13, and each molten pool 2 is provided with a side blown molten pool section having an inner width of less than 3 meters, and the side blowing The side of the molten pool section is provided with a side blowing arrangement; the flash furnace further comprises a flue 3 for discharging flue gas generated during the reaction, and the flue 3 is connected to the reaction tower 1 through the molten pool 2.
  • the working process of the present example spraying pulverized coal having a water content of less than 1% and process oxygen (oxygen oxime 98%) into the gasification chamber 5, producing a reducing gas for the reaction tower 1 and providing heat required for space smelting,
  • the reaction tower 1 is sprayed with dry oxidized ore powder and flux, and the oxidized ore powder is passed through a rapid heat transfer, mass transfer and gas-solid, gas-liquid reaction in the reaction tower 1 which is heated at a high temperature and is filled with a reducing atmosphere.
  • the metal oxide to be smelted is rapidly reduced and melted; the melt after the reaction falls into the molten pool 2, and the molten pool 2 is provided with a side blowing pool section, which is respectively blown into the slag layer of the melt by the side blowing.
  • the pulverized coal and oxygen provide heat to the molten pool 2 and cause the melt to roll, while maintaining the molten pool 2 in a strong reducing environment, and the remaining metal oxide to be smelted is completely reduced in the molten pool 2.
  • the gangue component in the flux and the ore powder is slag formed, and the slag and the reduced liquid metal are precipitated and layered in the molten pool 2 to form a slag layer and a coarse metal layer, and then the slag and the coarse slag are respectively
  • the metal is discharged from the molten pool 2, and the flue gas generated by the reaction is discharged from the flue 3 outside the furnace.
  • the arrangement of the gasification chamber 5 can provide the reaction tower 1 with a high concentration of reducing gas and heat, and increase the reduction rate and reduction rate of the metal oxide to be smelted falling in the reaction tower 1, thereby reducing the smelting cost.
  • the arrangement of the side-blown molten pool sections having an inner width of less than 3 meters enables direct influence of various portions of the melt passing therethrough, in particular, the central portion can be blown through, thereby providing reducing agent and heat to the molten pool 2.
  • the sky flash furnace provided by the invention is applied in the smelting of iron, and a gasification chamber 5 is arranged in the upper part of the sky flash furnace reaction tower, and the outlet diameter of the gasification chamber 5 is about 1/3 of the diameter of the reaction tower 1, the gasification chamber 5
  • the outer wall is made of double-layer steel plate with cooling water in the middle and refractory brick on the inner wall.
  • the cooling water forms a chill wall, which is beneficial to the ash in the coal to form slag on the inner wall to protect the furnace wall.
  • the gasification chamber 5 is provided with four spray guns on the side wall, and pulverized coal and oxygen (which can be added with water vapor) are sprayed from the spray gun into the gasification chamber 5.
  • the pulverized coal is rapidly burned and vaporized, and the temperature is generated.
  • a reducing gas stream (CO + H 2 ) having a gas concentration of 90%, a reducing gas stream is injected into the reaction column 1 from the outlet of the gasification chamber 5 at a high speed.
  • the feed port is provided at the lower end of the gasification chamber 5, and the iron concentrate and the flux are respectively added through the feed port of the double-layer channel structure, and the iron concentrate is a product of a general ore dressing plant, and the particle size is below 200 mesh. 80% (number of points), dried to moisture ⁇ 0.3% (mass fraction).
  • the flux is limestone, containing more than 90% (mass fraction) of CaCO3 and a particle size of less than 1 mm. Dry to a water content of less than 1% (mass fraction).
  • the iron concentrate is injected into the reaction tower 1 from the feed port by oxygen-enriched pressurization, and the iron concentrate is mixed with the reducing gas sprayed from the gasification chamber 5 at the instant of spraying out of the feed port, and is floated and floated. While being rapidly heated to about 1200 ° C, the high-valent iron oxide in the iron concentrate powder is reduced to a low-valent iron oxide and a part of metallic iron, and falls in the molten pool 2 in the lower portion of the reaction tower 1.
  • Oxygen and pulverized coal (process oxygen concentration is 99.6%, pulverized coal particle size is 5mm-8mm) are sprayed into the side blowing pool section of less than 3m through the side blowing nozzle, supplementing the heat and reducing agent for the molten pool 2, and melting Pool 2 forms a high temperature reduction environment of 1300 ° C - 1600 ° C.
  • the gangue in the ore powder and the added flux slag, the side blowing position is the lower part of the slag layer, the melt can be tumbled, the heat exchange between the upper and lower layers is promoted, and the slag layer is more difficult to be reduced.
  • the FeO is in full contact with the carbon reducing agent, so that FeO is almost completely reduced to metallic Fe. Due to the specific gravity, the reduced metal droplets flow to the bottom of the molten pool 2 to form a layer of molten iron. After the reduction and precipitation of the slag through the side-blown bath section, a slag layer is formed on the upper part of the molten iron layer, and the slag is finally melted.
  • the tail end slag discharge port 5 of the pool 2 is discharged outside the furnace.
  • the iron concentrate powder provided by the concentrator can be directly used as the raw material, and the fuel can be used without the coke.
  • the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of iron is reduced by 30%, the total investment is reduced by 50%, and the pollution is reduced by 90%.
  • the number of flue 3 is the same as the number of weld pools 2, as shown in Figures 12 and 13.
  • the length of the side blown pool section is 8-20 meters.
  • the side blown pool section is a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in Figures 4-8 and 12-13.
  • the inner width of the cuboid side blown pool section is 1.5-2.5 meters.
  • the molten pool 2 is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column 1 to the inner width of the flue 3 end to less than 3 m, as shown in Figures 9-11.
  • the number of molten pools 2 is 1-4.
  • the side blowing arrangement comprises a side blowing hole symmetrically disposed in the side blowing pool section and a side blowing nozzle 4 disposed in the side blowing hole, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 8-13 .
  • the side blowing arrangement is located at a position corresponding to the slag layer in the side blowing pool section, so that the side blowing arrangement injects material into the side blowing pool slag layer.
  • the material is an oxygen-containing gas and a carbon-containing fuel.
  • the oxygen-containing gas is one of air, oxygen-air mixture or process oxygen.
  • the carbon-containing fuel is heavy oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal, coke, hydrocarbon gas. One of them.
  • the gasification chamber 5 is located at the top of the reaction column 1, as shown in FIG.
  • the gasification chamber 5 is provided with a spray gun or a nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-generating material into the gasification chamber 5, and the spray gun or the nozzle penetrates the inner wall of the gasification chamber 5, It extends into the gasification chamber 5 as shown in FIG.
  • the spray gun or the nozzle is used for injecting into the gasification chamber 5 a combination of one or more of an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-making raw material such as: coal powder, coal water slurry, water vapor, natural gas, fuel oil, methane, acetylene, and methanol. It is used to make high-concentration reducing gas and provide heat to the reaction tower.
  • the spray gun or nozzle can be single-channel or multi-channel, which can spray only one raw material. Multi-channel spray gun or nozzle can also spray a variety of raw materials at the same time. .
  • the feeding device is located on the reaction column 1.
  • the feeding device is one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port; or a combination of one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port and a burner.
  • the molten pool 2 or the flue 3 is provided with a gas introduction device.
  • a plurality of spray guns or air blowing devices are arranged on the upper part or the side wall of the molten pool.
  • the oxygen-containing gas can be injected and burned by the reducing gas passing through the flue above the molten pool.
  • the molten pool can be supplemented with heat, and on the other hand, the molten pool can be heated.
  • the reducing gas is removed to reduce the subsequent tail gas treatment process for the reducing gas.
  • the arrangement of the spray gun or the air blowing device on the flue 3 also has a similar effect.
  • the smoke temperature is prevented from falling, and the soot is bonded to block the flue.
  • the reducing gas can be consumed, and the subsequent processing steps are eliminated.
  • the side blow pool section is located between the slag discharge port and the reaction column 1. Therefore, the slag is discharged through the sufficient reduction and precipitation of the side-blown molten pool section, thereby increasing the recovery rate of the metal to be smelted.

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Abstract

A skyflash furnace, comprising a reaction tower (1) and a feeding device for feeding materials to the reaction tower (1). A vaporizing chamber (5) is connected to the reaction tower (1). At least one melting pool (2) is provided at a lower portion of the reaction tower. Each melting pool (2) is provided with a side-blowing melting pool section having an inner width less than 3 m. A side-blowing layout is provided at a side of the side-blowing melting pool section. The skyflash furnace further comprises a flue (3) for discharging flue gases generated in a reaction process. The flue (3) is in communication with the reaction tower (1) by means of the melting pool (2). On one hand, the skyflash furnace can generate a high-concentration reducing gas in the vaporizing chamber (5), provide heat required for smelting in space, and guarantee that the reducing reaction of a metal oxidized ore floating and dropping in the reaction tower (1) can be conducted quickly and effectively. On the other hand, by setting the side-blowing melting pool section, positions of the melting pool (2) can be blown completely to supplement heat and provide a reducing agent for the melting pool to complete reduction of the remaining metal oxides to be smelted in the oxidized ore.

Description

一种天闪炉a flash furnace 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于冶金领域，尤其是涉及一种天闪炉。The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a sky flash furnace.
背景技术Background technique
闪速冶金从发明到现在，只用于金属硫化矿的冶炼，还没有应用于氧化矿的冶炼，以铜硫化矿闪速熔炼为例，闪速炼铜工艺是将干燥后的粉状铜硫化物精矿经精矿喷嘴与富氧空气充分混合后喷入闪速炉，在高温反应塔内进行热离解和氧化反应，使铜精矿中部分铁氧化并造渣除去，产出含铜较高的冰铜。由于硫化物和氧气反应会放出大量的热量，所以无须再额外为熔池补充热量，只需喷入含氧气体即可。Flash metallurgy has been used only for the smelting of metal sulfide ore from the invention to the present. It has not been applied to the smelting of oxidized ore. For example, flash smelting of copper sulphide ore is used. The flash smelting process is to cure the powdered copper after drying. The concentrate is thoroughly mixed with the oxygen-enriched air through the concentrate nozzle and sprayed into the flash furnace. The hot dissociation and oxidation reactions are carried out in the high temperature reaction tower to partially oxidize and slag the copper concentrate, and the copper content is produced. High ice copper. Since the reaction of sulfide and oxygen releases a large amount of heat, there is no need to additionally add heat to the molten pool, and it is only necessary to inject an oxygen-containing gas.
传统奥拓昆普硫化矿闪速炉结构示意图如图1所示，剖面示意图如图2所示。Schematic diagram of the structure of the traditional Alto Kampus sulphide flash furnace is shown in Figure 1.
传统的硫化矿闪速炉在设计时，熔池的上部内宽是根据反应塔的内径确定的，一般为反应塔内径加上1-2米，现存的闪速炉的反应塔内径都大于3米，也即硫化矿闪速炉的熔池的内宽必然要大于4米。传统硫化矿闪速炉俯视示意图如图3所示。In the design of the traditional sulfide ore flash furnace, the inner width of the upper part of the molten pool is determined according to the inner diameter of the reaction tower, generally 1-2 meters of the inner diameter of the reaction tower, and the inner diameter of the reaction tower of the existing flash furnace is greater than 3 The inner width of the meter, that is, the molten pool of the sulfide ore flash furnace, must be greater than 4 meters. A schematic view of a conventional sulphide mine flash furnace is shown in Figure 3.
金属氧化矿冶炼的常规方法是在高温下采用还原剂还原其中的金属氧化物，因而金属氧化矿若采用闪速熔炼工艺，则须为反应塔空间和熔池提供还原剂和冶炼所需的热量，其中，反应塔空间须预先准备好冶炼所需的温度和还原气氛，熔池也需要维持一定的温度和还原环境。针对金属氧化矿的冶炼，若沿用传统的金属硫化矿闪速炉和闪速冶炼工艺，则无法为矿物提供还原条件，也即传统的金属硫化矿闪速炉和闪速冶炼工艺无法冶炼金属氧化矿。The conventional method of metal oxide ore smelting is to reduce the metal oxide therein by using a reducing agent at a high temperature. Therefore, if the metal oxide ore is subjected to a flash smelting process, it is necessary to provide a reducing agent and a heat required for smelting for the reaction tower space and the molten pool. Among them, the reaction tower space must be prepared in advance for the temperature and reducing atmosphere required for smelting, and the molten pool also needs to maintain a certain temperature and a reducing environment. For the smelting of metal oxide ore, if the traditional metal sulfide ore flash furnace and flash smelting process are used, it is impossible to provide reducing conditions for minerals, that is, the traditional metal sulfide ore flash furnace and flash smelting process cannot smelt metal oxidation. mine.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种天闪炉，以解决现有的闪速炉无法冶炼氧化矿的问题。In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a sky flash furnace to solve the problem that the existing flash furnace cannot smelt oxidized ore.
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:
一种天闪炉，包括反应塔1及向所述反应塔1内加料的给料装置，所述反应塔1连接有气化室5，所述反应塔1下部设有至少一个熔池2，各所述熔池2上均设置有排渣口，各所述熔池2上均设有内宽小于3米的侧吹熔池段，所述侧吹熔池段的侧面设有侧吹布置；所述天闪炉还包括用于排出反应过程中所产生烟气的烟道3，所述烟道3通过所述熔池2与所述反应塔1连通。 A sky flash furnace comprising a reaction tower 1 and a feeding device for feeding the reaction tower 1, the reaction tower 1 is connected with a gasification chamber 5, and at least one molten pool 2 is disposed at a lower portion of the reaction tower 1 Each of the molten pools 2 is provided with a slag discharging port, and each of the molten pools 2 is provided with a side blowing molten pool section having an inner width of less than 3 meters, and a side blowing arrangement is arranged on a side of the side blowing molten pool section. The flash furnace further includes a flue 3 for discharging flue gas generated during the reaction, and the flue 3 communicates with the reaction tower 1 through the molten pool 2.
优选的，所述烟道3数目与所述熔池2数目一致。Preferably, the number of the flue 3 is the same as the number of the molten pool 2.
优选的，所述侧吹熔池段的长度为8-20米。以便熔体能有足够长的时间和距离进行还原及澄清分离，以提高金属回收率。Preferably, the side blow pool section has a length of 8-20 meters. So that the melt can have a long enough time and distance for reduction and clarification separation to improve metal recovery.
优选的，所述侧吹熔池段为长方体；优选的，侧吹熔池段的内宽为1.5-2.5米。Preferably, the side blowing pool section is a rectangular parallelepiped; preferably, the side blowing pool section has an inner width of 1.5-2.5 meters.
优选的，所述熔池2由所述反应塔1端向所述烟道3端内宽逐渐减小至小于3米。以便熔体的流速不会出现突变，能平缓的流动到小于3米的侧吹熔池段。Preferably, the molten pool 2 is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column 1 toward the inner end of the flue 3 to less than 3 meters. So that the flow rate of the melt does not change suddenly, and it can smoothly flow to the side blowing pool section of less than 3 meters.
优选的，所述熔池2的内宽由所述反应塔1端向远端逐渐减小至小于3米且不小于1米。Preferably, the inner width of the molten pool 2 is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column 1 to a distance of less than 3 meters and not less than 1 meter.
进一步的，所述熔池2的数目为1-4个。由于侧吹熔池段的内宽小于3米，单个熔池的容积较传统闪速炉小，熔池能力需要与反应塔给料及空间冶炼能力相匹配，根据需要可设置多个熔池。Further, the number of the molten pools 2 is 1-4. Since the inner width of the side-blown molten pool section is less than 3 meters, the volume of the single molten pool is smaller than that of the conventional flash furnace, and the molten pool capacity needs to be matched with the reaction tower feeding and space smelting capacity, and multiple molten pools can be set as needed.
进一步的，所述侧吹布置包括对称设置在所述侧吹熔池段的侧吹孔及设置在侧吹孔内的侧吹喷管4。侧吹为熔池熔炼提供还原剂和热量。Further, the side blowing arrangement includes a side blowing hole symmetrically disposed in the side blowing pool section and a side blowing nozzle 4 disposed in the side blowing hole. Side blowing provides reductant and heat for molten pool smelting.
优选的，所述侧吹布置所在位置与所述侧吹熔池段中熔渣层对应，以便使所述侧吹布置向所述侧吹熔池段熔渣层内喷入物料，所述的物料为含氧气体及含碳燃料，含氧气体为空气、氧气－空气混合物或者工艺氧中的一种，含碳燃料为重油、天然气、液化石油气、煤、焦丁、碳氢化合物气体中的一种，对渣层的侧吹使熔渣上下层间形成翻滚或对流，便于熔渣上下层间的热量和物质交换，减小熔渣的流动的粘度，提高金属的回收率。通过控制侧吹喷入的煤氧量和煤氧比，可以调控熔池的温度及还原能力，使熔池的温度在1800℃内可调，形成一个冶金性能良好的高温还原环境。Preferably, the position of the side blowing arrangement corresponds to the slag layer in the side blowing pool section, so that the side blowing arrangement injects material into the slag layer of the side blowing pool section, The material is an oxygen-containing gas and a carbon-containing fuel. The oxygen-containing gas is one of air, oxygen-air mixture or process oxygen. The carbon-containing fuel is heavy oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal, coke, and hydrocarbon gas. In one type, the side blowing of the slag layer causes tumbling or convection between the upper and lower layers of the slag, facilitating heat and material exchange between the upper and lower layers of the slag, reducing the viscosity of the flow of the slag, and improving the recovery rate of the metal. By controlling the amount of coal oxygen and the ratio of coal to oxygen injected into the side, the temperature and reducing capacity of the molten pool can be adjusted, and the temperature of the molten pool can be adjusted within 1800 ° C to form a high-temperature reducing environment with good metallurgical properties.
进一步的，所述气化室5位于反应塔1顶部。这样可以使气流从反应塔1最顶部进入天闪炉，使进入天闪炉内的矿粉和还原气氛在天闪炉内有更长的接触时间，从而提高了待冶炼金属氧化物的还原率。气化室5用来为天闪炉生产还原性气体并提供空间冶炼所需的热量。Further, the gasification chamber 5 is located at the top of the reaction column 1. In this way, the gas stream can enter the sky flash furnace from the top of the reaction tower 1, so that the mineral powder and the reducing atmosphere entering the sky flash furnace have a longer contact time in the sky flash furnace, thereby improving the reduction rate of the metal oxide to be smelted. . The gasification chamber 5 is used to produce a reducing gas for the sky flash furnace and to provide the heat required for space smelting.
进一步的，所述气化室5上设置有向所述气化室5内喷入含氧气体及造气原料的喷枪或喷管。喷枪或喷管设置于气化室5上，并穿透气化室5内壁，伸入气化室5内。喷枪或喷管用以向气化室5内喷入含氧气体及造气原料如：煤粉、水煤浆、水蒸气、天然气、燃油、甲烷、乙炔、甲醇中一种或多种的组合，通过氧气和造气原料在气化室内发生快速的化学反应， 制造高浓度的还原性气体并为反应塔提供热量。从大规模工业生产中燃料获取的来源及成本角度考虑，在中国采用氧气和煤气化生成还原气体(CO+H2)是一种最经济的方案。喷枪或喷管可为单通道或多通道，可只喷吹一种原料，多通道喷枪或喷管也可同时喷吹多种原料。气化室5内的气压可以大于或等于反应塔1的压强，优选高压条件，通过构建一个独立的高温高压气化空间，使气化原料能够很好的气化，从而提高有效还原气(CO+H2)的浓度。本发明所述的天闪炉通过一个单独的部件气化室即实现了造气和供热的功能，相对于现有冶金行业一些将尾气重整后再返回作为冶炼气体的工艺，结构紧凑，工艺流程简单，一次性投资小，能耗低，生产和维护成本低。Further, the gasification chamber 5 is provided with a spray gun or a nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-generating material into the gasification chamber 5. The spray gun or nozzle is disposed on the gasification chamber 5 and penetrates the inner wall of the gasification chamber 5 and extends into the gasification chamber 5. The spray gun or the nozzle is used for injecting into the gasification chamber 5 a combination of one or more of an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-making raw material such as: coal powder, coal water slurry, water vapor, natural gas, fuel oil, methane, acetylene, and methanol. A rapid chemical reaction takes place in the gasification chamber through the oxygen and gas generating materials to produce a high concentration of reducing gas and provide heat to the reaction column. From the perspective of the source and cost of fuel acquisition in large-scale industrial production, the use of oxygen and coal gasification to produce reducing gas (CO + H 2 ) in China is the most economical solution. The spray gun or nozzle can be single or multi-channel, and can only spray one kind of raw material. Multi-channel spray gun or nozzle can also spray a variety of raw materials at the same time. The gas pressure in the gasification chamber 5 can be greater than or equal to the pressure of the reaction column 1, preferably a high pressure condition, by constructing an independent high temperature and high pressure gasification space, so that the gasification raw material can be well vaporized, thereby improving the effective reducing gas (CO). The concentration of +H 2 ). The sky flash furnace of the invention realizes the functions of gas generation and heat supply through a separate component gasification chamber, and has a compact structure compared with the existing metallurgical industry in which the tail gas is reformed and then returned as a smelting gas. The process is simple, the one-time investment is small, the energy consumption is low, and the production and maintenance costs are low.
进一步的，所述给料装置位于所述反应塔1上。所述给料装置为喷嘴、喷枪、密封加料口中的一种或多种；或者为喷嘴、喷枪、密封加料口中的一种或多种与烧嘴的组合。通过设置喷嘴或喷枪或密封加料口向天闪炉加入冶炼所必需的原料、燃料和辅助材料，必要时，可通过烧嘴为反应塔1空间内补充热量。Further, the feeding device is located on the reaction tower 1. The feeding device is one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port; or a combination of one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port and a burner. By adding a nozzle or a spray gun or a sealed feed port, the raw materials, fuel and auxiliary materials necessary for smelting are added to the sky flash furnace, and if necessary, heat can be added to the space of the reaction tower 1 through the burner.
进一步的，所述熔池2或烟道3上设置有气体导入装置。气体导入装置为喷枪或鼓风装置。在熔池上部或侧壁上设置若干喷枪或鼓风装置，必要时可以喷吹含氧气体与通过熔池上方烟道的还原气体发生燃烧，一方面可以为熔池补充热量，另一方面烧掉还原气体，减少后续针对还原气体的尾气处理工序。烟道3上设置喷枪或鼓风装置也有类似的作用，一方面防止烟气温度下降造成烟尘粘结堵塞烟道，另一方面可以消耗还原气体，免去后续的处理环节。Further, the molten pool 2 or the flue 3 is provided with a gas introduction device. The gas introduction device is a spray gun or a blower device. A plurality of spray guns or air blowing devices are arranged on the upper part or the side wall of the molten pool. If necessary, the oxygen-containing gas can be injected and burned by the reducing gas passing through the flue above the molten pool. On the one hand, the molten pool can be supplemented with heat, and on the other hand, the molten pool can be heated. The reducing gas is removed to reduce the subsequent tail gas treatment process for the reducing gas. The arrangement of the spray gun or the air blowing device on the flue 3 also has a similar effect. On the one hand, the smoke temperature is prevented from falling, and the soot is bonded to block the flue. On the other hand, the reducing gas can be consumed, and the subsequent processing steps are eliminated.
进一步的，所述侧吹熔池段位于排渣口与反应塔1之间。以便熔渣经过侧吹熔池段的充分还原和沉淀后再排放，提高了待冶炼金属的回收率。Further, the side blowing pool section is located between the slag discharge port and the reaction tower 1. Therefore, the slag is discharged after being fully reduced and precipitated by the side-blown molten pool section, thereby improving the recovery rate of the metal to be smelted.
本发明创造还提供一种利用所述天闪炉进行冶炼的方法。The present invention also provides a method of smelting using the sky flash furnace.
本发明创造还保护利用所述天闪炉在冶炼中的应用。The invention also protects the use of the sky flash furnace in smelting.
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的天闪炉具有以下优势：Compared with the prior art, the sky flash furnace of the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明所述的天闪炉设置气化室的做法，是传统硫化矿闪速炉所不具有的。如果采用传统闪速炉的做法，把燃料、氧气、熔剂和矿粉一起喷入呈微负压的反应塔空间，即便不考虑矿粉、熔剂等物料对煤气化过程的干扰，在最优的条件下，制造出的有效还原气(CO+H2)成分的体积比不会超过73％，根据冶金热力学，在1000℃以上的高温下，上述的还原气氛的浓度不足以有效还原某些金属氧化物，如FeO和ZnO。本发明所述的天闪炉把燃料和氧气 喷入气化室，在气化室内生成了空间熔炼需要的还原气体和热量，携带热量的还原气体再进入反应塔空间，与矿粉充分混合，完成还原熔炼。通过本发明所述的气化室为反应塔提供的还原有效气(CO+H2)成分体积比最高可达95％，温度最高可达1600℃。The practice of installing a gasification chamber in the sky flash furnace of the present invention is not possessed by a conventional sulfide ore flash furnace. If the traditional flash furnace is used, the fuel, oxygen, flux and mineral powder are sprayed together into the reaction tower space with a slight negative pressure, even if the interference of the mineral powder, flux and other materials on the coal gasification process is not considered, the optimal Under the condition, the volume ratio of the effective reducing gas (CO + H 2 ) component produced does not exceed 73%. According to metallurgical thermodynamics, the concentration of the above reducing atmosphere is insufficient to effectively reduce certain metals at a high temperature of 1000 ° C or higher. Oxides such as FeO and ZnO. The sky flash furnace of the invention injects fuel and oxygen into the gasification chamber, and generates a reducing gas and heat required for space melting in the gasification chamber, and the reducing gas carrying the heat enters the reaction tower space and is thoroughly mixed with the mineral powder. Complete the reduction smelting. By gasification chamber of the present invention provides for reducing the effective reaction column gas (CO + H 2) component ratio of the maximum volume of up to 95%, up to a temperature of 1600 ℃.
本发明所述的气化室结构紧凑，以单一设备实现了向天闪炉内供热、供气的功能，相对于目前现有的一些将尾气重整后再返回作为冶炼气体的冶金工艺，避免了高温气体在长距离输运过程中的热量损失及对传输管道的损耗(1000℃以上的高温尾气的输送对管道材料的要求较高，管道成本高、寿命短)；同时，由于不需要附属设备(如尾气裂化转化设备、气体加压输送设备等)，大大降低了一次性投资，也使整套设备的故障率大大的降低，从而降低了设备成本与维修成本；此外，本发明所述的气化室造气原理简单，使用造气原料(如煤粉)和氧气进行简单的化学反应即可实现，而不需要通过其他复杂昂贵的方式(如等离子电离等)进行造气或气体转化，大大降低了生产和使用成本。本发明所述的气化室实现了设备的小型化、轻量化，投资小、维护和使用成本低，充分利用了气化产生的热量，节能降耗。The gasification chamber of the invention has a compact structure, and realizes the function of supplying heat and gas to the sky flash furnace by a single device, and is compared with the existing metallurgical processes for reforming the tail gas and then returning as a smelting gas. It avoids the heat loss of high temperature gas during long distance transportation and the loss of transmission pipeline (the transportation of high temperature exhaust gas above 1000 °C has higher requirements on pipeline material, high pipeline cost and short life); Auxiliary equipment (such as tail gas cracking conversion equipment, gas pressure conveying equipment, etc.) greatly reduces the one-time investment, and also greatly reduces the failure rate of the whole equipment, thereby reducing equipment cost and maintenance cost; The gasification chamber has a simple gasification principle, and can be realized by simple chemical reaction using a gas generating raw material (such as coal powder) and oxygen, without performing gasification or gas conversion by other complicated and expensive methods (such as plasma ionization). , greatly reducing production and use costs. The gasification chamber of the invention realizes miniaturization and light weight of the equipment, has small investment, low maintenance and use cost, fully utilizes heat generated by gasification, and saves energy and reduces consumption.
本发明提供的天闪炉的熔池设置有内宽小于3m的侧吹熔池段，熔池的内宽小于反应塔直径的做法，颠覆了传统闪速炉的设计原则——熔池内宽一定要大于反应塔的直径。传统的闪速炉的熔池内宽均大于4米，而根据实践经验，通过在熔池两边侧吹的方式所能影响到的范围，其径深最大为3米，因而若用侧吹的方式为熔池提供热量和还原剂，则熔池中心部位无法被影响到，会造成熔体粘度大，金属还原率低；所以，传统闪速炉炉型在用于金属氧化矿的冶炼时，其熔池设计必须改变，内宽须限制在3米以内。本发明设置了内宽小于3米的侧吹熔池段，使熔池的各个部位都可以被侧吹直接影响，特别是中心部位可以被吹透，从而使熔池形成流动性良好的液态熔体还原环境，既改善了渣性，又提高了待冶炼金属的还原率。The molten pool of the sky flash furnace provided by the invention is provided with a side blowing molten pool section having an inner width of less than 3 m, and the inner width of the molten pool is smaller than the diameter of the reaction tower, which subverts the design principle of the conventional flashing furnace - the inner width of the molten pool is certain It is larger than the diameter of the reaction tower. In the conventional flash furnace, the inner width of the molten pool is more than 4 meters, and according to practical experience, the range that can be affected by the way of blowing on both sides of the molten pool has a diameter of up to 3 meters, so if the side is blown Providing heat and reducing agent for the molten pool, the center of the molten pool cannot be affected, resulting in high melt viscosity and low metal reduction rate; therefore, the conventional flash furnace type is used for the smelting of metal oxide ore. The design of the weld pool must be changed and the inner width must be limited to 3 meters. The invention provides a side blowing pool section with an inner width of less than 3 meters, so that all parts of the molten pool can be directly affected by the side blowing, in particular, the central part can be blown through, so that the molten pool forms a liquid melting with good fluidity. The body reduction environment not only improves the slag property, but also improves the reduction rate of the metal to be smelted.
本发明所述的天闪炉一方面能够在气化室中制造高浓度的还原气体并提供空间冶炼所需要的热量，保障反应塔中漂浮下落的金属氧化矿的还原反应能快速有效的进行；另一方面通过侧吹熔池段的设置使熔池的各个位置都能被吹透，为熔池补充热量和提供还原剂，完成氧化矿中剩余待冶炼金属氧化物的还原。The sky flash furnace of the invention can manufacture a high concentration of reducing gas in the gasification chamber and provide heat required for space smelting, and ensure that the reduction reaction of the floating metal oxidized ore in the reaction tower can be carried out quickly and efficiently; On the other hand, through the setting of the side blowing pool section, the various positions of the molten pool can be blown through, the heat is supplemented to the molten pool and the reducing agent is provided, and the reduction of the remaining metal oxide to be smelted in the oxidized ore is completed.
附图说明DRAWINGS
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in the claims In the drawing:
图1-3为传统硫化矿闪速炉的结构示意图； Figure 1-3 is a schematic structural view of a conventional sulfide ore flash furnace;
图4为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的一种结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为图4的俯视结构示意图；Figure 5 is a top plan view of Figure 4;
图6为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第二种结构示意图；6 is a schematic view showing a second structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第三种结构示意图；7 is a schematic view showing a third structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第四种结构示意图；8 is a schematic view showing a fourth structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第五种结构示意图；9 is a fifth structural schematic view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第六种结构示意图；10 is a sixth structural schematic view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图11为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第七种结构示意图；11 is a seventh structural schematic view of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图12为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第八种结构示意图；12 is a schematic view showing an eighth structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图13为本发明实施例所述的天闪炉的第九种结构示意图。FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a ninth structure of a sky flash furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明：Description of the reference signs:
1-反应塔，2-熔池，3-烟道，4-侧吹喷管，5-气化室。1-reaction column, 2-melt pool, 3-flue, 4-side blow nozzle, 5-gasification chamber.
具体实施方式detailed description
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。It should be noted that the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", " The orientation or positional relationship of the indications of "upright", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the present invention and The simplification of the description is not intended to limit or imply that the device or component that is referred to has a particular orientation, is constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus is not to be construed as limiting. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first", "second", etc. may include one or more of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在 本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connected", and "connected" are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the above terms can be understood by specific circumstances. The specific meaning in the present invention.
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
一种天闪炉，如图4-13所示，包括反应塔1及向反应塔1内加料的给料装置，反应塔1连接有气化室5，反应塔1下部设有至少一个熔池2，各所述熔池2上均设置有排渣口，排渣口未在图4-13中标出，各熔池2上均设有内宽小于3米的侧吹熔池段，侧吹熔池段的侧面设有侧吹布置；天闪炉还包括用于排出反应过程中所产生烟气的烟道3，烟道3通过熔池2与反应塔1相连通。A sky flash furnace, as shown in FIG. 4-13, comprises a reaction tower 1 and a feeding device fed into the reaction tower 1, a reaction chamber 1 is connected with a gasification chamber 5, and a lower portion of the reaction tower 1 is provided with at least one molten pool. 2, each of the molten pools 2 is provided with a slag discharge port, the slag discharge ports are not marked in Figure 4-13, and each molten pool 2 is provided with a side blown molten pool section having an inner width of less than 3 meters, and the side blowing The side of the molten pool section is provided with a side blowing arrangement; the flash furnace further comprises a flue 3 for discharging flue gas generated during the reaction, and the flue 3 is connected to the reaction tower 1 through the molten pool 2.
本实例的工作过程：将含水量小于1％的煤粉和工艺氧(含氧≧98％)喷入气化室5中，为反应塔1制造还原气体并提供空间冶炼所需要的热量，向反应塔1中喷入干燥的氧化矿粉料及熔剂，氧化矿粉料在高温炽热、充满还原气氛的反应塔1中，通过快速的传热、传质和气-固、气-液反应，矿粉中待冶炼金属氧化物迅速的被还原和熔化；反应后的熔体下落到熔池2中，熔池2中设有侧吹熔池段，通过侧吹向熔体的渣层中分别喷吹煤粉和氧气，为熔池2提供热量并使熔体产生翻滚，同时使熔池2保持强还原环境，剩余的待冶炼金属氧化物彻底的在熔池2中完成还原。在熔池2中，熔剂和矿粉中的脉石成分造渣，熔渣与被还原出的液态金属在熔池2内沉淀分层，形成渣层和粗金属层，再分别将渣和粗金属从熔池2内排出，反应产生的烟气从烟道3排出炉外。气化室5的设置能为反应塔1提供高浓度的还原气体和热量，提高在反应塔1中下落的待冶炼金属氧化物的还原速度及还原率，从而降低冶炼成本。内宽小于3米的侧吹熔池段的设置能够使经过其中的熔体各个部位都被直接影响，特别是中心部位可被吹透，进而为熔池2内提供还原剂和热量。The working process of the present example: spraying pulverized coal having a water content of less than 1% and process oxygen (oxygen oxime 98%) into the gasification chamber 5, producing a reducing gas for the reaction tower 1 and providing heat required for space smelting, The reaction tower 1 is sprayed with dry oxidized ore powder and flux, and the oxidized ore powder is passed through a rapid heat transfer, mass transfer and gas-solid, gas-liquid reaction in the reaction tower 1 which is heated at a high temperature and is filled with a reducing atmosphere. The metal oxide to be smelted is rapidly reduced and melted; the melt after the reaction falls into the molten pool 2, and the molten pool 2 is provided with a side blowing pool section, which is respectively blown into the slag layer of the melt by the side blowing. The pulverized coal and oxygen provide heat to the molten pool 2 and cause the melt to roll, while maintaining the molten pool 2 in a strong reducing environment, and the remaining metal oxide to be smelted is completely reduced in the molten pool 2. In the molten pool 2, the gangue component in the flux and the ore powder is slag formed, and the slag and the reduced liquid metal are precipitated and layered in the molten pool 2 to form a slag layer and a coarse metal layer, and then the slag and the coarse slag are respectively The metal is discharged from the molten pool 2, and the flue gas generated by the reaction is discharged from the flue 3 outside the furnace. The arrangement of the gasification chamber 5 can provide the reaction tower 1 with a high concentration of reducing gas and heat, and increase the reduction rate and reduction rate of the metal oxide to be smelted falling in the reaction tower 1, thereby reducing the smelting cost. The arrangement of the side-blown molten pool sections having an inner width of less than 3 meters enables direct influence of various portions of the melt passing therethrough, in particular, the central portion can be blown through, thereby providing reducing agent and heat to the molten pool 2.
将本发明提供的天闪炉应用在铁的冶炼中，在天闪炉反应塔上部设有气化室5，气化室5的出口直径约为反应塔1直径的1/3，气化室5外壁选用双层钢板，中间通冷却水，内壁砌耐火砖，冷却水形成激冷壁，有利于煤中的灰分在内壁形成挂渣，保护炉壁。气化室5在侧壁上设有四只喷枪，粉煤、氧气(可加水蒸气)从喷枪喷入气化室5内，在气化室5内粉煤迅速燃烧并气化，生成温度为1350℃、气体浓度为90％的还原气流(CO+H2)，还原气流高速的从气化室5出口喷入反应塔1内。The sky flash furnace provided by the invention is applied in the smelting of iron, and a gasification chamber 5 is arranged in the upper part of the sky flash furnace reaction tower, and the outlet diameter of the gasification chamber 5 is about 1/3 of the diameter of the reaction tower 1, the gasification chamber 5 The outer wall is made of double-layer steel plate with cooling water in the middle and refractory brick on the inner wall. The cooling water forms a chill wall, which is beneficial to the ash in the coal to form slag on the inner wall to protect the furnace wall. The gasification chamber 5 is provided with four spray guns on the side wall, and pulverized coal and oxygen (which can be added with water vapor) are sprayed from the spray gun into the gasification chamber 5. In the gasification chamber 5, the pulverized coal is rapidly burned and vaporized, and the temperature is generated. At 1350 ° C, a reducing gas stream (CO + H 2 ) having a gas concentration of 90%, a reducing gas stream is injected into the reaction column 1 from the outlet of the gasification chamber 5 at a high speed.
在气化室5的下端设有给料口，通过双层通道结构的给料口，分别加入铁精矿和熔剂，铁精矿为一般选矿厂出来的产品即可，粒度在200目以下的占80％(数目分数)，烘干至水份≦0.3％(质量分数)。熔剂为石灰石，含CaCO3在90％(质量分数)以上，粒度小于1mm， 干燥至含水小于1％(质量分数)。铁精矿通过富氧加压，从给料口喷入反应塔1中，铁精矿在喷出给料口瞬间，即与气化室5喷出的还原气体充分混合，并呈飘浮状态下降，在被迅速地加热到约1200℃的同时，铁精矿粉中的高价铁氧化物被还原成低价铁氧化物及部分金属铁，并飘落在反应塔1下部的熔池2中。The feed port is provided at the lower end of the gasification chamber 5, and the iron concentrate and the flux are respectively added through the feed port of the double-layer channel structure, and the iron concentrate is a product of a general ore dressing plant, and the particle size is below 200 mesh. 80% (number of points), dried to moisture ≦ 0.3% (mass fraction). The flux is limestone, containing more than 90% (mass fraction) of CaCO3 and a particle size of less than 1 mm. Dry to a water content of less than 1% (mass fraction). The iron concentrate is injected into the reaction tower 1 from the feed port by oxygen-enriched pressurization, and the iron concentrate is mixed with the reducing gas sprayed from the gasification chamber 5 at the instant of spraying out of the feed port, and is floated and floated. While being rapidly heated to about 1200 ° C, the high-valent iron oxide in the iron concentrate powder is reduced to a low-valent iron oxide and a part of metallic iron, and falls in the molten pool 2 in the lower portion of the reaction tower 1.
通过侧吹喷管向小于3m的侧吹熔池段喷入氧气和粉煤(工艺氧浓度为99.6％，粉煤粒度为5mm-8mm)，为熔池2补充热量和还原剂，并使熔池2形成1300℃-1600℃的高温还原环境。Oxygen and pulverized coal (process oxygen concentration is 99.6%, pulverized coal particle size is 5mm-8mm) are sprayed into the side blowing pool section of less than 3m through the side blowing nozzle, supplementing the heat and reducing agent for the molten pool 2, and melting Pool 2 forms a high temperature reduction environment of 1300 ° C - 1600 ° C.
在熔池2中，矿粉中的脉石和加入的熔剂造渣，侧吹的位置为渣层下部，可使熔体翻滚，促进上下层间的热量交换，同时使渣层中的较难还原的FeO与碳还原剂充分接触，使FeO几乎完全被还原成金属Fe。由于比重的原因，还原后的金属液滴流到熔池2底部，形成铁水层，熔渣在经过侧吹熔池段的还原和沉淀后，在铁水层上部形成渣层，熔渣最终从熔池2的尾端排渣口5排出炉外。In the molten pool 2, the gangue in the ore powder and the added flux slag, the side blowing position is the lower part of the slag layer, the melt can be tumbled, the heat exchange between the upper and lower layers is promoted, and the slag layer is more difficult to be reduced. The FeO is in full contact with the carbon reducing agent, so that FeO is almost completely reduced to metallic Fe. Due to the specific gravity, the reduced metal droplets flow to the bottom of the molten pool 2 to form a layer of molten iron. After the reduction and precipitation of the slag through the side-blown bath section, a slag layer is formed on the upper part of the molten iron layer, and the slag is finally melted. The tail end slag discharge port 5 of the pool 2 is discharged outside the furnace.
采用本发明所述的天闪炉进行炼铁，可直接使用选矿厂提供的铁精矿粉作为原料，燃料可不用焦炭，相比传统的高炉炼铁工艺，由于省去了烧结、球团和焦化等工序，吨铁的综合能耗降低30％，总投资减少50％，污染减少90％。By using the sky flash furnace of the invention for iron making, the iron concentrate powder provided by the concentrator can be directly used as the raw material, and the fuel can be used without the coke. Compared with the traditional blast furnace ironmaking process, the sintering, the pellets and the In coking and other processes, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of iron is reduced by 30%, the total investment is reduced by 50%, and the pollution is reduced by 90%.
根据本发明的一个实施例，烟道3数目与熔池2数目一致，如图12及图13所示。According to one embodiment of the invention, the number of flue 3 is the same as the number of weld pools 2, as shown in Figures 12 and 13.
侧吹熔池段的长度为8-20米。The length of the side blown pool section is 8-20 meters.
根据本发明的一个实施例，侧吹熔池段为长方体，如图4-8及图12-13所示。According to an embodiment of the invention, the side blown pool section is a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in Figures 4-8 and 12-13.
长方体侧吹熔池段的内宽为1.5-2.5米。The inner width of the cuboid side blown pool section is 1.5-2.5 meters.
根据本发明的一个实施例，熔池2由反应塔1端向烟道3端内宽逐渐减小至小于3米，如图9-11所示。According to one embodiment of the invention, the molten pool 2 is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column 1 to the inner width of the flue 3 end to less than 3 m, as shown in Figures 9-11.
根据本发明的一个实施例，熔池2的数目为1-4个。According to an embodiment of the invention, the number of molten pools 2 is 1-4.
根据本发明的一个实施例，侧吹布置包括对称设置在侧吹熔池段的侧吹孔及设置在侧吹孔内的侧吹喷管4，如图5-6及图8-13所示。According to an embodiment of the invention, the side blowing arrangement comprises a side blowing hole symmetrically disposed in the side blowing pool section and a side blowing nozzle 4 disposed in the side blowing hole, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 8-13 .
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述侧吹布置所在位置与所述侧吹熔池段中熔渣层对应，以便使所述侧吹布置向所述侧吹熔池熔渣层内喷入物料，物料为含氧气体及含碳燃料，含氧气体为空气、氧气－空气混合物或者工艺氧中的一种，含碳燃料为重油、天然气、液化石油气、煤、焦丁、碳氢化合物气体中的一种。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the side blowing arrangement is located at a position corresponding to the slag layer in the side blowing pool section, so that the side blowing arrangement injects material into the side blowing pool slag layer. The material is an oxygen-containing gas and a carbon-containing fuel. The oxygen-containing gas is one of air, oxygen-air mixture or process oxygen. The carbon-containing fuel is heavy oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal, coke, hydrocarbon gas. One of them.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述气化室5位于反应塔1顶部，如图4所示。According to an embodiment of the invention, the gasification chamber 5 is located at the top of the reaction column 1, as shown in FIG.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述气化室5上设置有向气化室5内喷入含氧气体及造气原料的喷枪或喷管，喷枪或喷管穿透气化室5内壁，伸入气化室5内，如图4所示。喷枪或喷管用以向气化室5内喷入含氧气体及造气原料如：煤粉、水煤浆、水蒸气、天然气、燃油、甲烷、乙炔、甲醇中一种或多种的组合，用来制造高浓度的还原性气体并为反应塔提供热量，喷枪或喷管可为单通道或多通道，可只喷吹一种原料，多通道喷枪或喷管也可同时喷吹多种原料。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gasification chamber 5 is provided with a spray gun or a nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-generating material into the gasification chamber 5, and the spray gun or the nozzle penetrates the inner wall of the gasification chamber 5, It extends into the gasification chamber 5 as shown in FIG. The spray gun or the nozzle is used for injecting into the gasification chamber 5 a combination of one or more of an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-making raw material such as: coal powder, coal water slurry, water vapor, natural gas, fuel oil, methane, acetylene, and methanol. It is used to make high-concentration reducing gas and provide heat to the reaction tower. The spray gun or nozzle can be single-channel or multi-channel, which can spray only one raw material. Multi-channel spray gun or nozzle can also spray a variety of raw materials at the same time. .
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述给料装置位于所述反应塔1上。所述给料装置为喷嘴、喷枪、密封加料口中的一种或多种；或者为喷嘴、喷枪、密封加料口中的一种或多种与烧嘴的组合。通过设置喷嘴或喷枪或密封加料口向天闪炉加入冶炼所必需的原料、燃料和辅助材料，必要时，可通过烧嘴为反应塔1空间内补充热量。According to an embodiment of the invention, the feeding device is located on the reaction column 1. The feeding device is one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port; or a combination of one or more of a nozzle, a spray gun, and a sealing feed port and a burner. By adding a nozzle or a spray gun or a sealed feed port, the raw materials, fuel and auxiliary materials necessary for smelting are added to the sky flash furnace, and if necessary, heat can be added to the space of the reaction tower 1 through the burner.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述熔池2或烟道3上设置有气体导入装置。在熔池上部或侧壁上设置若干喷枪或鼓风装置，必要时可以喷吹含氧气体与通过熔池上方烟道的还原气体发生燃烧，一方面可以为熔池补充热量，另一方面烧掉还原气体，减少后续针对还原气体的尾气处理工序。烟道3上设置喷枪或鼓风装置也有类似的作用，一方面防止烟气温度下降造成烟尘粘结堵塞烟道，另一方面可以消耗还原气体，免去后续的处理环节。According to an embodiment of the invention, the molten pool 2 or the flue 3 is provided with a gas introduction device. A plurality of spray guns or air blowing devices are arranged on the upper part or the side wall of the molten pool. If necessary, the oxygen-containing gas can be injected and burned by the reducing gas passing through the flue above the molten pool. On the one hand, the molten pool can be supplemented with heat, and on the other hand, the molten pool can be heated. The reducing gas is removed to reduce the subsequent tail gas treatment process for the reducing gas. The arrangement of the spray gun or the air blowing device on the flue 3 also has a similar effect. On the one hand, the smoke temperature is prevented from falling, and the soot is bonded to block the flue. On the other hand, the reducing gas can be consumed, and the subsequent processing steps are eliminated.
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述侧吹熔池段位于排渣口与反应塔1之间。以便熔渣经过侧吹熔池段的充分还原和沉淀后再排放，从而提高待冶炼金属的回收率。According to an embodiment of the invention, the side blow pool section is located between the slag discharge port and the reaction column 1. Therefore, the slag is discharged through the sufficient reduction and precipitation of the side-blown molten pool section, thereby increasing the recovery rate of the metal to be smelted.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., which are included in the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天闪炉，其特征在于：包括反应塔(1)及向所述反应塔(1)内加料的给料装置，所述反应塔(1)连接有气化室(5)，所述反应塔(1)下部设有至少一个熔池(2)，各所述熔池(2)上均设置有排渣口，各所述熔池(2)上均设有内宽小于3米的侧吹熔池段，所述侧吹熔池段的侧面设有侧吹布置；所述天闪炉还包括烟道(3)，所述烟道(3)通过所述熔池(2)与所述反应塔(1)连通。A sky flash furnace, comprising: a reaction tower (1) and a feeding device feeding the reaction tower (1), the reaction tower (1) being connected with a gasification chamber (5), At least one molten pool (2) is disposed at a lower portion of the reaction tower (1), and each of the molten pools (2) is provided with a slag discharge port, and each of the molten pools (2) is provided with an inner width of less than 3 meters. a lateral blowing pool section, the side of the side blowing pool section is provided with a side blowing arrangement; the sky flash furnace further comprises a flue (3) through which the flue (3) passes The reaction column (1) is in communication.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述侧吹熔池段为长方体，优选的，侧吹熔池段的内宽为1.5-2.5米。The sky flash furnace according to claim 1, wherein said side blow pool section is a rectangular parallelepiped, and preferably, the side blown pool section has an inner width of 1.5 to 2.5 meters.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述熔池(2)的内宽由所述反应塔(1)端向远端逐渐减小至小于3米；优选的，所述熔池(2)的内宽由所述反应塔(1)端向远端逐渐减小至小于3米且不小于1米。The sky flash furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner width of the molten pool (2) is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction tower (1) to a distance of less than 3 m; preferably, The inner width of the molten pool (2) is gradually reduced from the end of the reaction column (1) to the distal end to less than 3 meters and not less than 1 meter.
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述熔池(2)的数目为1-4个。The sky flash furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the number of the molten pools (2) is 1-4.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述侧吹布置包括对称设置在所述侧吹熔池段的侧吹孔及设置在侧吹孔内的侧吹喷管(4)，优选的，所述侧吹布置所在位置与所述侧吹熔池段中熔渣层对应。The sky flash furnace according to claim 1, wherein the side blowing arrangement comprises a side blowing hole symmetrically disposed in the side blowing pool section and a side blowing nozzle (4) disposed in the side blowing hole Preferably, the position of the side blowing arrangement corresponds to a slag layer in the side blowing pool section.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述气化室(5)位于反应塔(1)顶部。A sky flash furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification chamber (5) is located at the top of the reaction column (1).
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述气化室(5)上设置有向所述气化室(5)内喷入含氧气体及造气原料的喷枪或喷管。The sky flash furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification chamber (5) is provided with a spray gun or a nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas and a gas-generating material into the gasification chamber (5). .
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述给料装置位于所述反应塔(1)上。A sky flash furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding device is located on the reaction column (1).
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述熔池(2)或烟道(3)上设置有气体导入装置。The sky flash furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the molten pool (2) or the flue (3) is provided with a gas introduction means.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的天闪炉，其特征在于：所述侧吹熔池段位于排渣口与所述反应塔(1)之间。 The sky flash furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the side blowing bath section is located between the slag discharge port and the reaction column (1).
PCT/CN2017/074027 2016-04-28 2017-02-19 Skyflash furnace WO2017185859A1 (en)

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CN112626354A (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-04-09 广西金川有色金属有限公司 Flash converting furnace flux recycling system and use method thereof
CN113247945A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-13 山西于斯为盛环保科技有限公司 Device and method for synthesizing zinc oxide by zinc vapor in metallurgical zinc-containing ash treatment process

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