WO2017183008A1 - Blocks and modular building system - Google Patents

Blocks and modular building system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017183008A1
WO2017183008A1 PCT/IB2017/052338 IB2017052338W WO2017183008A1 WO 2017183008 A1 WO2017183008 A1 WO 2017183008A1 IB 2017052338 W IB2017052338 W IB 2017052338W WO 2017183008 A1 WO2017183008 A1 WO 2017183008A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
semi
faces
modular construction
blocks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/052338
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Carlos Alberto MOURA RELVAS
Original Assignee
Universidade De Aveiro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidade De Aveiro filed Critical Universidade De Aveiro
Priority to EP17729195.2A priority Critical patent/EP3447207B1/en
Publication of WO2017183008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017183008A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/48—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0254—Tie rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0297—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements of which the width is less than the wall thickness

Definitions

  • This description relates to a modular construction system based on multifunctional blocks, as well as to the fitting and fixing of said blocks.
  • This document presents a new modular construction system that utilizes blocks that have a specific geometry to allow easy connection and assembly of the elements forming a larger panel.
  • This modular building system can be used in various areas from construction, furniture or other engineering areas.
  • the system can be mounted on panels and does not require foundations for installation or additional work, for example in its application in civil construction. Inside the house its installation is easy and clean, producing no waste and can be installed by the system purchaser himself, without requiring knowledge in the field of construction, in addition allows the modules to be changed and rearranged whenever they wish and extended. provided that more system parts are purchased, which are perfectly compatible with the previous ones given their specific geometry.
  • the building system is distributed by a set of individually manufactured prefabricated components, where each of the elements is independent and subsequently joined to the final structure on site. Separation into individual components enables parallel production systems and their storage. Each element is produced independently of the others, being only restricted to necessity, which allows them to be produced without depending on the final set. For example, wall panels are produced independently of pillars or beams. In the assembly phase, the elements are selected for the work. There may be custom elements that will be produced for this purpose without however affecting the normal assembly lines.
  • the system includes in a new proposal for connection and assembly of basic elements, called blocks that, having a specific geometry, allow the construction of panels or walls that can be used either in the construction of furniture, assembly of partitions or in the housing construction.
  • connection between the elements is guided, self adjustable, stable and detachable. Allows different types of finish on external surfaces and be customized by the customer.
  • the blocks can be obtained from materials of a different nature, namely natural, recyclable materials and can be customized according to aesthetic or functional aspects. They have a specific geometry that facilitates their production and assembly. Mounting multiple aligned blocks allows the construction of a larger panel or wall. This assembly can be improved by the use of internal metal elements, locked at the ends by a metal plate. This system locks the set of blocks making them behave as a single larger and rigid element as a result of the block mounting and coupling system that is reinforced by the internal metal frame.
  • the panel mounting system can be used in the furniture industry to obtain tops and tables, or in the construction industry for the manufacture of modular houses, where the mounting system can be used to obtain internal or external walls or even the roof.
  • a prefabricated modular building system which utilizes multi-function blocks with specific geometry that connect continuously and in two directions.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunction blocks are self-adjusting.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional blocks are constructed from a plurality of unique or multimaterial materials, namely natural or recyclable, by creating and filling a core in the manufacturing phase.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks have two main faces, one inner and one outer, and one upper face, one lower face, and two side faces, for the construction by connecting a panel, a wall or a partition by incorporating blocks one after the other and one over the other so that their upper and lower faces are in mutual contact as well as their side faces, these faces designated as "contact” faces, and so that both main faces of each block can form a continuous surface consisting of the inner and outer wall faces.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks are obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks have a longitudinally symmetrical geometry on each of the four uniaxial engaging and extracting faces.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks have symmetrical geometry of the fittings in two orthogonal planes which intersect each other at a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the side fittings of the multifunctional blocks are bi-angular, symmetrical, inverted and self-locking.
  • each multifunctional building block has at least one vertical hole that traverses the entire block for passage of a frame reinforcement or interlocking fixture whose axis is co-planar with the outer face of the block. block and perpendicular to the closure faces, the holes being equidistant with each other, forming with the blocks placed at least one aligned rail of constant section.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the semi-blocks have channels, preferably three or four, semi-cylindrical arranged perpendicular to each other two by two or 2 by 1 and that when closed and obtained the block, the semi-cylinders form through holes through of a tunnel-like space for the passage of other elements,
  • part connection system may be reinforced with a tubular structure mounted in its longitudinal direction, taking advantage of the existing interior holes and forming a tunnel;
  • One embodiment is characterized in that in the tubular structure positioning and fixing is ensured by a profiled sheet.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the tubular support structure operates cage-like and the coating thereof through blocks creates a separation and isolation surface.
  • An embodiment is characterized by the union between the parts whose use of a more rigid internal structure, e.g. said tubular support structure allows to improve the behavior of the assembly.
  • One embodiment is characterized by being customizable by the application of face coating films to be developed, namely for solar energy retention, incorporation of light sensors, structural analysis of the system, or others.
  • a semi-block for modular construction comprising:
  • inner main face and outer main face two main faces, referred to as the inner main face and outer main face;
  • the contact faces in particular each of the contact faces, comprise a protrusion groove with a ramp and a recess groove with a ramp such that the protrusion ramp is in contact with the ramp of the ramp.
  • recess of the other half block in particular in contact with the recess ramp of the same (or identical) half block, when the half block is engaged with the other half block, in particular when it is engaged with the other half block. - equal (or identical) block;
  • the inner face comprises one or more fittings for engaging with yet another half block, in particular the other half block being equal (or identical) to the respective inner main faces to form a block with yet another half block, in particular the other half being the same (or identical) half block.
  • the contact face fittings have 90 ° rotational symmetry on a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
  • the protruding groove comprises a top surface perpendicular to the outer main surface of the block and the recessed groove comprises a top surface perpendicular to the outer main surface of the block, such that the top surface of the protrusion is in contact with the recess top surface of another half block when the half block is engaged with another half block.
  • the contact face inserts have symmetry along two orthogonal planes which intersect one another in a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
  • the semi-block has a longitudinally symmetrical geometry on each of four uniaxial engaging and extracting faces.
  • the interior main face comprises one or more open channels for receiving a longitudinal support element.
  • the channels are semi-cylindrical.
  • One embodiment comprises two horizontal channels and two vertical channels, or comprising two vertical channels and one horizontal channel.
  • the interior main face comprises one or more coupling elements for joining the half block to another half block, in particular the other half block being equal (or identical) when the half block is engaged with one another.
  • another half block, in particular the other half block is the same (or identical).
  • the interior main face comprises two complementary coupling elements symmetrically disposed relative to the geometric center of the half block.
  • An embodiment of the semi-block has a substantially quadrangular shape.
  • One embodiment of the halfblock has 90 ° or 180 ° rotation symmetry on an axis perpendicular to the outer main face.
  • One embodiment of the semi-block has a substantially rectangular shape.
  • One embodiment of the halfblock has 180 ° rotation symmetry on an axis perpendicular to the outer main face.
  • the interior main face comprises two complementary coupling elements, placed symmetrically with respect to the geometric center of the half block.
  • One embodiment comprises a hollow, recess or socket in its inner face.
  • One embodiment is a coating on its outer main face.
  • the halfblock is a half-block obtained by pressure forming, in particular by pressure forming of agglomerate or laminate composite materials.
  • the halfblock is a halfblock obtained by injection molding, in particular by injection molding of ceramic, composite or polymeric materials.
  • a modular building block comprising two modular building half blocks of any of the embodiments described, nested together by their inner main faces.
  • a modular construction wall comprising a plurality of half blocks of any of the described embodiments, nested together by their side and / or top faces.
  • a modularly constructed wall comprising a plurality of described blocks interlocked by their side and / or top faces.
  • a piece of furniture comprising a modular building wall of any of the described embodiments is described.
  • a support structure for a modular semi-block construction of any of the described embodiments or of any block comprising a lower beam, an upper beam and a plurality of bars joining the lower beam to the upper beam, in particular wherein the bars are parallel to each other.
  • the bars are tubes, in particular cylindrical tubes.
  • the lower and upper beams are in sheet metal profile. The embodiments described are combinable with each other.
  • Figure 1 Representation of an embodiment of the proposed modular system by the construction of a building.
  • Figure 2 Representation of an embodiment of a substantially quadrangular module of the proposed modular system.
  • Figure 3 Representation of an embodiment of a module of the proposed modular system, obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks.
  • Figure 4 Representation of an embodiment of a substantially rectangular module of the proposed modular system.
  • Figure 5 Representation of an embodiment of the modular system proposed by the construction of a wall.
  • Figure 6 Representation of an embodiment of the proposed modular system by the inclusion of a structure with support tubes whose positioning and attachment is ensured by two profiled sheets, one upper and one lower.
  • the proposed system is based on a self-adjusting block assembly, which can be obtained from materials of different natures, and are also compatible with the use of natural and recyclable materials.
  • the developed system uses blocks that can be blocked by two longitudinally passing metal pipes and fixed at the ends by two profiled sheets.
  • the assembly of the pipes and locking plates form a cage-like structure and the blocks act as a covering of the metal structure, forming a larger panel that can be used as a partition or wall.
  • the metal structure is rigid and self-supporting and the blocks insulate and finish the surface.
  • Figure 1 represents an embodiment of the proposed modular system, by the construction of a building, where the block with a specific geometry allowing its interrelational assembly is formed forming a larger surface or wall 1, building foundation 2, mounting pipe 3, lower profile plate 4, upper profile plate 5, column 6.
  • a block 1 with a specific geometry that allows its interrelational assembly forming a larger surface or wall.
  • base 2 In base 2 a sheet metal profile 4 is applied to which the assembly locking pipes 3 are fixed.
  • the blocks At the side ends there is a column 6, the blocks are threaded into the tubes through the through holes in them.
  • the top geometry of the blocks will allow them to be aligned and assembled, increasing the size of the wall both in height and length.
  • the elements 3, 4, 5, 6 form a rigid cage-like wall support structure. where the blocks 1 surround the structure promoting its isolation and creating a unique separation surface.
  • Fig. 2 is an embodiment of a substantially quadrangular module of the proposed modular system.
  • the multifunctional construction half-block 10 has two main faces, one interior and one outer, and one upper face, one lower face, and two side faces.
  • the upper and lower faces of contiguously placed blocks are in mutual contact, as are their side faces, these faces designated as "contact" faces 11, and such that at least one of the main faces of each block can form at least a continuous surface consisting of the main faces, whether inner, outer, or inner and outer faces of a set of blocks.
  • Multifunctional building blocks 10 preferably have symmetrical and biaxial geometry in the fittings.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the side fittings of the multifunctional blocks are bi-angular, symmetrical, inverted and self-locking.
  • the inserts comprise for each contact face 11, preferably adjacent to the contact face 11, two parts for engagement.
  • One part has a protrusion including a ramp surface 13, preferably with a top surface 18 perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 10.
  • the other part has a recess that includes a ramp surface 12, preferably with a top surface 15. perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 10.
  • the protrusion ramp 13 is in contact with the recess ramp 12 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously.
  • the top surface of the protrusion 18 is in contact with the top surface of the recess 15 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously.
  • Each block may have at least one vertical hole traversing the entire block for passage of a frame reinforcement or interlocking fixture whose axis is co-planar with the outer face of the block and perpendicular to the closing faces. .
  • the holes are equidistant from each other, forming at least one constant section aligned rail along vertically aligned blocks.
  • a possible embodiment for this hole includes the semi-blocks having semi-cylindrical channels 14, preferably three or four, semi-cylindrical arranged perpendicular to each other two by two or 2 by 1 and which, once the block is closed and obtained, the semi-cylinders form through holes, through a tunnel-like space for passage of a frame reinforcement element or interlocking between blocks, or other elements.
  • Figure 3 represents an embodiment of a module of the proposed modular system, obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks.
  • the inner closing faces of the block may contain hollows or wells, in particular a quadrangular recess-shaped hollow 17, preferably centrally located on the inner face of the semi-block, and which, among other advantages, have lightened the structure and create a housing. insulating air to heat and / or noise.
  • One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks are obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks by coupling elements 16a / 16b.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a substantially rectangular module 20 of the proposed modular system.
  • This module 20 can be viewed as half of the substantially quadrangular block 10.
  • Multifunctional building blocks 20 preferably have biaxial symmetrical geometry in the notches on the vertical tops, as in the substantially quadrangular module 10.
  • One embodiment is characterized by the notches on the side faces of the multifunctional blocks comprise for each contact face 21, preferably adjacent to the contact face 21, a locking part.
  • the locking part On one side face, the locking part has a protrusion including a ramp surface 23, preferably with a top surface 28 perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 20.
  • the locking part On the other side face, the locking part has a recess including a ramp surface 22, preferably with a top surface 25 perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 20.
  • the protrusion ramp 23 is in contact with the recess ramp 22 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously.
  • the top surface of the protrusion 28 contacts the top surface of the recess 25 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously.
  • Fig. 5 is an embodiment of the proposed modular system by constructing a wall with a plurality of interlocking blocks 10 as described above.
  • Figure 6 represents an embodiment of the proposed modular system by including a structure with support tubes whose positioning and attachment is ensured by two profiled sheets, one upper and one lower.
  • Figure 6a shows a plurality of blocks 10 fitted as described above and joined through a tubular structure 30 which traverses the blocks through the aforementioned semi-cylindrical channels, contributing to an even more solid and robust structure.
  • Fig. 6b shows the construction of the tubular support structure 30 comprising a plurality of bars 32, e.g. cylindrical elements or tubes, which rest on a lower beam 33 and an upper beam 31.
  • the beams are made of sheet metal profiles.
  • This concept can be used to create exterior walls or interior partitions, and even be used for floors or roofing in place of tile.
  • the proposed solution allows for the adoption of more conventional construction and logistic planning methods such as on-site and on-site wall lifting, as the blocks can be used as substitutes for the cement or clay blocks, or made assembling the panels in the factory interior and then transporting them to the site, thereby reducing costs and construction time.
  • Walls built using this concept do not crack, need maintenance and their interior and exterior finish can be completely customized.
  • the assembly, disassembly or alteration of interior walls is absolutely clean and dust free.
  • connection between the elements is guided, self adjustable, stable and detachable. Allows different types of finish on external surfaces and be customized by the customer.
  • housing modules In building construction it can be used for the construction of housing modules - by prefabricated construction or modular construction - and walls and partitions.
  • the system can also be used in the manufacture of furniture, tables, desks, shelves, among others.
  • the blocks may be manufactured by pressure forming processes using composite materials in chipboard or laminate.
  • Blocks can be manufactured by injection molding processes when ceramic, composites or polymers are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

A modular building semi-block comprises two main faces, the so-called main inner surface and main outer surface; two side faces, a left and a right side face, and two top faces, an upper and a lower top face, the so-called contact faces; wherein, when the semi-block engages another, identical semi-block by the respective contact faces, the main faces of the semi-blocks form a contiguous surface. Each of the contact faces comprises an engagement element formed by a protrusion with a ramp and an engagement element formed by a recess with a ramp, in such a way that the protrusion ramp is in contact with the recess ramp of the other, identical semi-block when the semi-block engages another semi-block. When the semi-block engages another semi-block by the respective main inner faces, it forms a block with the other, identical semi-block. The engagement elements with a protrusion comprise a top surface perpendicular to the main outer surface of the block, and the engagement element with a recess comprises a top surface perpendicular to the main outer surface of the block. The semi-block further comprises semi-cylinders.

Description

D E S C R I Ç Ã O  DESCRIPTION
BLOCOS E SISTEMA DE CONSTRUÇÃO MODULAR  BLOCKS AND MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
Domínio técnico  Technical Domain
[0001] A presente descrição diz respeito a um sistema modular de construção baseado em blocos multifuncionais, bem como ao encaixe e fixação dos referidos blocos. This description relates to a modular construction system based on multifunctional blocks, as well as to the fitting and fixing of said blocks.
Antecedentes Background
[0002] Atualmente existem diversos sistemas de construção modular ou pré-fabricada, mas os sistemas atuais são normalmente dedicados a uma área específica da engenharia, isto é muitos deles são dedicados à construção civil, outros são dedicados ao mobiliário. A polivalência da solução apresentada é algo que se diferencia de todos os sistemas atualmente conhecidos e aplicados na engenharia de produto. Currently there are several systems of modular or prefabricated construction, but current systems are usually dedicated to a specific area of engineering, ie many of them are dedicated to building construction, others are dedicated to furniture. The versatility of the solution presented is something that differs from all systems currently known and applied in product engineering.
Sumário summary
[0003] Este documento apresenta um novo sistema de construção modular que utiliza blocos que dispõem de uma geometria específica de forma a permitir uma fácil ligação e montagem dos elementos formando um painel de maiores dimensões. Este sistema de construção modular pode ser utilizado em diversas áreas desde a construção civil, ao mobiliário ou outras áreas da engenharia. [0003] This document presents a new modular construction system that utilizes blocks that have a specific geometry to allow easy connection and assembly of the elements forming a larger panel. This modular building system can be used in various areas from construction, furniture or other engineering areas.
[0004] Atualmente existem diversos sistemas de construção modular ou pré-fabricada, mas os sistemas atuais são normalmente dedicados a uma área específica da engenharia, isto é muitos deles são dedicados à construção civil, outros são dedicados ao mobiliário. A inovação proposta permite soluções aplicáveis em diferentes contextos, uma vez que a geometria dos blocos (elementos modulares), bem como o seu sistema de ligação e montagem permanecem idênticos, só havendo e em caso de necessidade a alteração da natureza do material ou as dimensões dos blocos. Deste modo, refira-se que o sistema difere das soluções atuais porque mantém as suas características geométrica e ajusta a características dimensionais e de natureza do material em função da utilização. Igualmente e contrariamente aos modelos tradicionais de construção, este sistema modular é constituído por peças de dimensão reduzida o que permite o seu fácil transporte e possibilita igualmente a autoconstrução, com ligação e montagem das peças do sistema por parte de quem o adquire. O sistema pode ser montado em painéis e não necessita de fundações para instalação, nem trabalhos acrescidos, isto no caso da sua aplicação na construção civil por exemplo. No interior das habitações a sua instalação é fácil e limpa, não produzindo resíduos e pode ser instalado pelo próprio adquirente do sistema, sem necessitar de conhecimentos na área da construção, para além disso permite a mudança e reorganização dos módulos sempre que o desejem e ampliação desde que sejam adquiridas mais peças do sistema, sendo estas perfeitamente compatíveis com as anteriores, atendendo à sua geometria especifica. [0004] There are currently several modular or prefabricated building systems, but current systems are usually dedicated to a specific area of engineering, ie many of them are dedicated to building construction, others are dedicated to furniture. The proposed innovation allows solutions applicable in different contexts, since the block geometry (modular elements), as well as the their connection and mounting system remain identical, only if and when necessary changing the nature of the material or the dimensions of the blocks. Thus, it should be noted that the system differs from current solutions in that it maintains its geometrical characteristics and adjusts to the dimensional and nature characteristics of the material as a function of use. Like and contrary to traditional construction models, this modular system is made up of small parts allowing easy transport and also allows self-construction, with connection and assembly of system parts by the purchaser. The system can be mounted on panels and does not require foundations for installation or additional work, for example in its application in civil construction. Inside the house its installation is easy and clean, producing no waste and can be installed by the system purchaser himself, without requiring knowledge in the field of construction, in addition allows the modules to be changed and rearranged whenever they wish and extended. provided that more system parts are purchased, which are perfectly compatible with the previous ones given their specific geometry.
[0005] O processo de produção dos blocos e de todas as peças que constituem o sistema é economicamente viável e acessível, pois não requer procedimento específico ou de grande complexidade tecnológica. Os blocos podem ser obtidos através de processos industriais tradicionais ou recorrendo a tecnologias aditivas para casos mais específicos. Os restantes componentes do sistema são peças normalizadas e habitualmente disponíveis no mercado ou facilmente obtidas por encomenda. [0005] The production process of blocks and all parts of the system is economically viable and affordable, as it does not require a specific procedure or of great technological complexity. The blocks can be obtained through traditional industrial processes or by using additive technologies for more specific cases. The rest of the system components are standard parts that are usually commercially available or readily available to order.
[0006] O sistema construtivo distribui-se por um conjunto de componentes pré- fabricados produzidos individualmente, onde cada um dos elementos é independente e posteriormente unido à estrutura final no local. A separação em componentes individuais possibilita a existência de sistemas de produção paralelos e o seu armazenamento. Cada elemento é produzido independentemente aos restantes, estando apenas restrito à necessidade, o que permite que estes sejam produzidos sem dependerem do conjunto final. Por exemplo, os painéis das paredes são produzidos independentemente dos pilares ou vigas. Na fase de montagem, os elementos são selecionados para a obra. Podem existir elementos personalizados que serão produzidos para o efeito sem contudo afetar as cadeias de fabrico normais. The building system is distributed by a set of individually manufactured prefabricated components, where each of the elements is independent and subsequently joined to the final structure on site. Separation into individual components enables parallel production systems and their storage. Each element is produced independently of the others, being only restricted to necessity, which allows them to be produced without depending on the final set. For example, wall panels are produced independently of pillars or beams. In the assembly phase, the elements are selected for the work. There may be custom elements that will be produced for this purpose without however affecting the normal assembly lines.
[0007] As virtudes do sistema evidenciadas na construção civil são alargadas às outras áreas da engenharia, nomeadamente o mobiliário de interiores ou urbano, sem qualquer restrição. Apresentando um enorme potencial de congregação de sinergias quer dos processos produtivos quer logísticos e realçando o potencial de modularidade do sistema, isto é com ligeiras alterações dos materiais e do seu revestimento é possível utilizar o sistema em paredes interiores, exteriores, pisos ou coberturas. Igualmente no mobiliário é possível obter mesas, estantes ou outros módulos de interiores ou abrigos e expositores exteriores. The virtues of the system as evidenced in construction are extended to other areas of engineering, namely interior or urban furniture, without any restriction. Presenting a huge potential for gathering synergies from both production and logistic processes and highlighting the potential for modularity of the system, ie with slight changes in materials and coating, the system can be used on interior, exterior, floor or roof walls. Also in the furniture it is possible to obtain tables, shelves or other interior modules or shelters and outdoor displays.
[0008] A polivalência da solução apresentada é algo que se diferencia dos sistemas atualmente conhecidos e aplicados na engenharia de produto. The versatility of the presented solution is something that differs from the systems currently known and applied in product engineering.
[0009] O sistema inclui numa nova proposta de ligação e montagem de elementos básicos, designados por blocos que, dispondo de uma geometria específica, permitem a construção de painéis ou paredes que possam ser utilizadas quer na construção de mobiliário, montagem de divisórias ou na construção de habitações. The system includes in a new proposal for connection and assembly of basic elements, called blocks that, having a specific geometry, allow the construction of panels or walls that can be used either in the construction of furniture, assembly of partitions or in the housing construction.
[0010] Os blocos apresentam as seguintes características: The blocks have the following characteristics:
Leve, compacto e muito fácil de produzir. Lightweight, compact and very easy to produce.
Fácil de transportar e acondicionar.  Easy to carry and pack.
Permite uma montagem fácil e isenta de erros.  Allows easy and error free mounting.
Permite um alinhamento perfeito entre os diversos elementos criando uma superfície plana maior.  Allows perfect alignment between the various elements creating a larger flat surface.
Permite montagem em diferentes orientações, atendendo à simetria dos encaixes de ligação.  Allows mounting in different orientations, given the symmetry of the connection fittings.
A ligação entre os elementos é guiada, auto ajustável, estável e desmontável. Permite diferentes tipos de acabamento nas superfícies externas e ser personalizado pelo cliente.  The connection between the elements is guided, self adjustable, stable and detachable. Allows different types of finish on external surfaces and be customized by the customer.
Pode ser produzido em diferentes tipos de materiais.  It can be produced in different types of materials.
Pode ser produzido num único material ou recorrendo a vários materiais. [0011] Os blocos podem ser obtidos em materiais de natureza diversa, nomeadamente em materiais naturais, recicláveis e podem ser personalizados segundo aspetos estéticos ou funcionais. Dispõem de uma geometria específica que facilita a sua produção e montagem. A montagem de vários blocos alinhados permite a construção de um painel ou parede de dimensões superiores. Esta montagem pode ser melhorada através da utilização de elementos metálicos internos, bloqueados nas extremidades por uma chapa metálica. Este sistema bloqueia o conjunto de blocos fazendo com que estes se comportem como um único elemento de maiores dimensões e rígido, em resultado do sistema de montagem e acoplamento entre blocos que é reforçado pela estrutura metálica interna. It can be produced in a single material or using several materials. [0011] The blocks can be obtained from materials of a different nature, namely natural, recyclable materials and can be customized according to aesthetic or functional aspects. They have a specific geometry that facilitates their production and assembly. Mounting multiple aligned blocks allows the construction of a larger panel or wall. This assembly can be improved by the use of internal metal elements, locked at the ends by a metal plate. This system locks the set of blocks making them behave as a single larger and rigid element as a result of the block mounting and coupling system that is reinforced by the internal metal frame.
[0012] O sistema de montagem em painéis pode ser utilizado na indústria de mobiliário para a obtenção de tampos e mesas, ou na indústria de construção civil, para o fabrico de casas modulares, onde o sistema de montagem pode ser usado para a obtenção de paredes internas ou externas ou até na cobertura. The panel mounting system can be used in the furniture industry to obtain tops and tables, or in the construction industry for the manufacture of modular houses, where the mounting system can be used to obtain internal or external walls or even the roof.
[0013] Descreve-se um sistema modular pré-fabricado para construção caracterizado por utilizar blocos multifuncionais com geometria específica que se ligam de forma contínua e em duas direções. [0013] A prefabricated modular building system is described which utilizes multi-function blocks with specific geometry that connect continuously and in two directions.
[0014] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais serem auto- ajustáveis. One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunction blocks are self-adjusting.
[0015] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais serem construídos com uma pluralidade de materiais únicos ou multimaterial, nomeadamente naturais ou recicláveis, pela criação e preenchimento de um núcleo na fase de fabrico. One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional blocks are constructed from a plurality of unique or multimaterial materials, namely natural or recyclable, by creating and filling a core in the manufacturing phase.
[0016] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais de construção apresentarem duas faces principais, uma interior e uma exterior, e uma face superior, uma face inferior, e duas faces laterais, para a construção por ligação de um painel, uma parede ou uma partição por incorporação de blocos, um após a outro e um sobre a outro de modo que as suas faces superiores e inferior estejam em contacto mútuo, assim como as suas faces laterais, estas faces designadas como faces de "contacto", e de modo a que ambas as faces principais de cada bloco possam formar uma superfícies contínua constituída pelas faces de parede interiores e exteriores. [0016] One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks have two main faces, one inner and one outer, and one upper face, one lower face, and two side faces, for the construction by connecting a panel, a wall or a partition by incorporating blocks one after the other and one over the other so that their upper and lower faces are in mutual contact as well as their side faces, these faces designated as "contact" faces, and so that both main faces of each block can form a continuous surface consisting of the inner and outer wall faces.
[0017] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais de construção serem obtidos por ligação e fecho de dois semi-blocos iguais. One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks are obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks.
[0018] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais de construção apresentarem uma geometria simétrica longitudinalmente em cada uma das quatro faces de encaixe e de extração uniaxial. One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks have a longitudinally symmetrical geometry on each of the four uniaxial engaging and extracting faces.
[0019] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais de construção disporem de geometria simétrica dos encaixes, segundo dois planos ortogonais entre si e que se cruzam num eixo central perpendicular à face principal. One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks have symmetrical geometry of the fittings in two orthogonal planes which intersect each other at a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
[0020] Uma realização é caracterizada por os encaixes laterais dos blocos multifuncionais serem bi-angulares, simétricos, invertidos e auto bloqueáveis. One embodiment is characterized in that the side fittings of the multifunctional blocks are bi-angular, symmetrical, inverted and self-locking.
[0021] Uma realização é caracterizada por cada bloco multifuncional de construção possuir pelo menos um furo vertical que atravessa todo o bloco, para passagem de um elemento de reforço da estrutura ou fixação entre blocos, cujo eixo é co-planar com a face exterior do bloco e perpendicular às faces de fecho, sendo os furos equidistantes entre si, formando com os blocos colocados, pelo menos uma calha alinhada de secção constante. [0021] One embodiment is characterized in that each multifunctional building block has at least one vertical hole that traverses the entire block for passage of a frame reinforcement or interlocking fixture whose axis is co-planar with the outer face of the block. block and perpendicular to the closure faces, the holes being equidistant with each other, forming with the blocks placed at least one aligned rail of constant section.
[0022] Uma realização é caracterizada por os semi-blocos disporem de canais, preferencialmente três ou quatro, semicilíndricos dispostos perpendicularmente entre si dois a dois ou 2 por 1 e que depois de fechados e obtido o bloco, os semicilindros formam furos passantes, através de um espaço tipo túnel, para passagem de outros elementos, One embodiment is characterized in that the semi-blocks have channels, preferably three or four, semi-cylindrical arranged perpendicular to each other two by two or 2 by 1 and that when closed and obtained the block, the semi-cylinders form through holes through of a tunnel-like space for the passage of other elements,
[0023] Uma realização é caracterizada por o sistema de ligação das peças poder ser reforçado com uma estrutura tubular montada no seu sentido longitudinal, aproveitando os furos interiores existentes e que formam um túnel; [0023] One embodiment is characterized in that the part connection system may be reinforced with a tubular structure mounted in its longitudinal direction, taking advantage of the existing interior holes and forming a tunnel;
[0024] Uma realização é caracterizada por na estrutura tubular o posicionamento e fixação ser assegurada por uma chapa perfilada. [0025] Uma realização é caracterizada por a estrutura tubular de suporte funcionar tipo gaiola e o revestimento da mesma através de blocos criar uma superfície de separação e isolamento. [0024] One embodiment is characterized in that in the tubular structure positioning and fixing is ensured by a profiled sheet. One embodiment is characterized in that the tubular support structure operates cage-like and the coating thereof through blocks creates a separation and isolation surface.
[0026] Uma realização é caracterizada por a união entre as peças cuja utilização de uma estrutura interna mais rígida, por ex. a referida estrutura tubular de suporte, permite melhorar o comportamento do conjunto. [0026] An embodiment is characterized by the union between the parts whose use of a more rigid internal structure, e.g. said tubular support structure allows to improve the behavior of the assembly.
[0027] Uma realização é caracterizada por ser personalizável através da aplicação de películas de revestimento da face que venham a ser desenvolvidas, nomeadamente para retenção de energia solar, incorporação de sensores de luminosidade, análise estrutural do sistema, ou outros. [0027] One embodiment is characterized by being customizable by the application of face coating films to be developed, namely for solar energy retention, incorporation of light sensors, structural analysis of the system, or others.
[0028] Descreve-se um semi-bloco para construção modular, que compreende: A semi-block for modular construction is described, comprising:
duas faces principais, designadas por face principal interior e face principal exterior;  two main faces, referred to as the inner main face and outer main face;
duas faces laterais, esquerda e direita, e duas faces de topo, superior e inferior, referidas como faces de contacto;  two left and right side faces and two top, top and bottom faces referred to as contact faces;
caracterizado por, quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com outro semi-bloco igual (ou idêntico) pelas respetivas faces de contacto, as faces principais dos semi- blocos formarem uma superfície contígua;  characterized in that when the half-block is fitted with another half-block equal (or identical) by the respective contact faces, the main faces of the half-blocks form a contiguous surface;
e por as faces de contacto, em particular cada uma das faces de contacto, compreenderem um encaixe com uma protrusão com uma rampa e um encaixe com um recesso com uma rampa, de forma a que a rampa da protrusão fique em contacto com a rampa do recesso do outro semi-bloco, em particular em contacto com a rampa do recesso do outro semi-bloco igual (ou idêntico), quando o semi- bloco está encaixado com o outro semi-bloco, em particular quando está encaixado com o outro semi-bloco igual (ou idêntico);  and in that the contact faces, in particular each of the contact faces, comprise a protrusion groove with a ramp and a recess groove with a ramp such that the protrusion ramp is in contact with the ramp of the ramp. recess of the other half block, in particular in contact with the recess ramp of the same (or identical) half block, when the half block is engaged with the other half block, in particular when it is engaged with the other half block. - equal (or identical) block;
e por, a face interior compreender um ou mais encaixes para encaixar com ainda outro semi-bloco, em particular sendo o outro semi-bloco é igual (ou idêntico) pelas respetivas faces principais interiores, de modo a formar um bloco com o ainda outro semi-bloco, em particular sendo o outro semi-bloco igual (ou idêntico). [0029] Numa realização, os encaixes das faces de contacto têm simetria rotacional de 90° num eixo central perpendicular à face principal. and wherein the inner face comprises one or more fittings for engaging with yet another half block, in particular the other half block being equal (or identical) to the respective inner main faces to form a block with yet another half block, in particular the other half being the same (or identical) half block. In one embodiment, the contact face fittings have 90 ° rotational symmetry on a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
[0030] Numa realização, o encaixe com uma protrusão compreende uma superfície de topo perpendicular à superfície principal exterior do bloco e o encaixe com um recesso compreende uma superfície de topo perpendicular à superfície principal exterior do bloco, de forma que a superfície de topo da protrusão fique em contacto com superfície de topo do recesso de outro semi-bloco, quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com outro semi-bloco. In one embodiment, the protruding groove comprises a top surface perpendicular to the outer main surface of the block and the recessed groove comprises a top surface perpendicular to the outer main surface of the block, such that the top surface of the protrusion is in contact with the recess top surface of another half block when the half block is engaged with another half block.
[0031] Numa realização, os encaixes das faces de contacto têm simetria segundo dois planos ortogonais entre si e que se cruzam num eixo central perpendicular à face principal. In one embodiment, the contact face inserts have symmetry along two orthogonal planes which intersect one another in a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
[0032] Numa realização, o semi-bloco tem uma geometria simétrica longitudinalmente em cada uma de quatro faces de encaixe e de extração uniaxial. In one embodiment, the semi-block has a longitudinally symmetrical geometry on each of four uniaxial engaging and extracting faces.
[0033] Numa realização, a face principal interior compreende um ou mais canais abertos para receber um elemento longitudinal de suporte. In one embodiment, the interior main face comprises one or more open channels for receiving a longitudinal support element.
[0034] Numa realização, os canais são semicilíndricos. In one embodiment, the channels are semi-cylindrical.
[0035] Uma realização compreende dois canais horizontais e dois canais verticais, ou que compreende dois canais verticais e um canal horizontal. One embodiment comprises two horizontal channels and two vertical channels, or comprising two vertical channels and one horizontal channel.
[0036] Numa realização, a face principal interior compreende um ou mais elementos de acoplamento para unir o semi-bloco a outro semi-bloco, em particular o outro semi-bloco é igual (ou idêntico) quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com outro semi- bloco, em particular o outro semi-bloco é igual (ou idêntico). In one embodiment, the interior main face comprises one or more coupling elements for joining the half block to another half block, in particular the other half block being equal (or identical) when the half block is engaged with one another. another half block, in particular the other half block is the same (or identical).
[0037] Numa realização, a face principal interior compreende dois elementos de acoplamento complementares, colocados simetricamente relativamente ao centro geométrico do semi-bloco. In one embodiment, the interior main face comprises two complementary coupling elements symmetrically disposed relative to the geometric center of the half block.
[0038] Uma realização do semi-bloco tem uma forma substancialmente quadrangular. An embodiment of the semi-block has a substantially quadrangular shape.
[0039] Uma realização do semi-bloco tem simetria à rotação de 90° ou 180° num eixo perpendicular à face principal exterior. [0040] Uma realização do semi-bloco tem uma forma substancialmente retangular. [0039] One embodiment of the halfblock has 90 ° or 180 ° rotation symmetry on an axis perpendicular to the outer main face. One embodiment of the semi-block has a substantially rectangular shape.
[0041] Uma realização do semi-bloco tem simetria à rotação de 180° num eixo perpendicular à face principal exterior. One embodiment of the halfblock has 180 ° rotation symmetry on an axis perpendicular to the outer main face.
[0042] Numa realização, a face principal interior compreende dois elementos de acoplamento complementares, colocados simetricamente relativamente ao centro geométrico do semi-bloco. In one embodiment, the interior main face comprises two complementary coupling elements, placed symmetrically with respect to the geometric center of the half block.
[0043] Uma realização compreende um oco, recesso ou alvéolo na sua face interior. One embodiment comprises a hollow, recess or socket in its inner face.
[0044] Uma realização um revestimento na sua face principal exterior. One embodiment is a coating on its outer main face.
[0045] Numa realização, o semi-bloco é um semi-bloco obtido por conformação por pressão, em particular por conformação por pressão de materiais compósitos em aglomerado ou laminado. In one embodiment, the halfblock is a half-block obtained by pressure forming, in particular by pressure forming of agglomerate or laminate composite materials.
[0046] Numa realização, o semi-bloco é um semi-bloco obtido por moldagem por injeção, em particular por moldagem por injeção de materiais cerâmicos, compósitos ou poliméricos. [0046] In one embodiment, the halfblock is a halfblock obtained by injection molding, in particular by injection molding of ceramic, composite or polymeric materials.
[0047] Descreve-se ainda um bloco para construção modular que compreende dois semi-blocos para construção modular de qualquer uma das realizações descritas, encaixados um ao outro pelas suas faces principais interiores. Further described is a modular building block comprising two modular building half blocks of any of the embodiments described, nested together by their inner main faces.
[0048] Descreve-se ainda uma parede de construção modular que compreende uma pluralidade de semi-blocos de qualquer uma das realizações descritas, encaixados uns aos outros pelas suas faces laterais e/ou de topo. Further described is a modular construction wall comprising a plurality of half blocks of any of the described embodiments, nested together by their side and / or top faces.
[0049] Descreve-se ainda uma parede de construção modular que compreende uma pluralidade de blocos descritos, encaixados uns aos outros pelas suas faces laterais e/ou de topo. Further described is a modularly constructed wall comprising a plurality of described blocks interlocked by their side and / or top faces.
[0050] Descreve-se uma peça de mobiliário que compreende uma parede de construção modular de qualquer uma das realizações descritas. A piece of furniture comprising a modular building wall of any of the described embodiments is described.
[0051] Descreve-se uma estrutura de suporte para uma construção modular de semi- blocos de qualquer uma das realizações descritas ou de blocos qualquer uma das realizações descritas, que compreende uma trave inferior, uma trave superior e uma pluralidade de barras unindo a trave inferior à trave superior, em particular em que as barras são paralelas umas às outras. A support structure for a modular semi-block construction of any of the described embodiments or of any block is described. described embodiments comprising a lower beam, an upper beam and a plurality of bars joining the lower beam to the upper beam, in particular wherein the bars are parallel to each other.
[0052] Numa realização, as barras são tubos, em particular tubos cilíndricos. [0053] Numa realização, as traves inferior e superior são em perfil de chapa. [0054] As realizações descritas são combináveis entre si. In one embodiment, the bars are tubes, in particular cylindrical tubes. [0053] In one embodiment, the lower and upper beams are in sheet metal profile. The embodiments described are combinable with each other.
Breve descrição das figuras Brief Description of the Figures
[0055] Para uma mais fácil compreensão, juntam-se em anexo as figuras, as quais representam realizações preferenciais que não pretendem limitar o objeto da presente descrição. For ease of understanding, attached are the figures, which represent preferred embodiments not intended to limit the object of the present disclosure.
[0056] Figura 1: Representação de uma forma de realização do sistema modular proposto, pela construção de um edifício. Figure 1: Representation of an embodiment of the proposed modular system by the construction of a building.
[0057] Figura 2: Representação de uma forma de realização de um módulo, de forma substancialmente quadrangular, do sistema modular proposto. Figure 2: Representation of an embodiment of a substantially quadrangular module of the proposed modular system.
[0058] Figura 3: Representação de uma forma de realização de um módulo do sistema modular proposto, obtido por ligação e fecho de dois semi-blocos iguais. [0058] Figure 3: Representation of an embodiment of a module of the proposed modular system, obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks.
[0059] Figura 4: Representação de uma forma de realização de um módulo, de forma substancialmente retangular, do sistema modular proposto. Figure 4: Representation of an embodiment of a substantially rectangular module of the proposed modular system.
[0060] Figura 5: Representação de uma forma de realização do sistema modular proposto pela construção de uma parede. [0060] Figure 5: Representation of an embodiment of the modular system proposed by the construction of a wall.
[0061] Figura 6: Representação de uma forma de realização do sistema modular proposto, pela inclusão de uma estrutura com tubos de suporte cujo posicionamento e fixação é assegurada por duas chapas perfiladas, uma superior e uma inferior. [0061] Figure 6: Representation of an embodiment of the proposed modular system by the inclusion of a structure with support tubes whose positioning and attachment is ensured by two profiled sheets, one upper and one lower.
Descrição detalhada [0062] O sistema proposto baseia-se numa montagem de blocos auto-ajustáveis, que podem ser obtidos em materiais de diferentes naturezas, e são igualmente compatíveis com a utilização de materiais naturais e recicláveis. O sistema desenvolvido recorre a blocos que podem ser bloqueados através de dois tubos metálicos passantes longitudinalmente e fixos nas extremidades através de duas chapas perfiladas. A montagem dos tubos e das chapas de bloqueio, formam uma estrutura, tipo gaiola e os blocos funcionam como revestimento da estrutura metálica, formando um painel de maiores dimensões que permite ser usado como divisória ou parede. A estrutura metálica é rígida e autoportante e os blocos fazem o isolamento e acabamento da superfície. Detailed Description The proposed system is based on a self-adjusting block assembly, which can be obtained from materials of different natures, and are also compatible with the use of natural and recyclable materials. The developed system uses blocks that can be blocked by two longitudinally passing metal pipes and fixed at the ends by two profiled sheets. The assembly of the pipes and locking plates form a cage-like structure and the blocks act as a covering of the metal structure, forming a larger panel that can be used as a partition or wall. The metal structure is rigid and self-supporting and the blocks insulate and finish the surface.
[0063] A figura 1 representa uma forma de realização do sistema modular proposto, pela construção de um edifício, em que se representam o bloco com uma geometria específica que permite a sua montagem inter-relacional formando uma superfície ou parede de maiores dimensões 1, base de alicerce do edifício 2, tubos de bloqueio da montagem 3, perfil inferior em chapa 4, perfil superior em chapa 5, coluna 6. [0063] Figure 1 represents an embodiment of the proposed modular system, by the construction of a building, where the block with a specific geometry allowing its interrelational assembly is formed forming a larger surface or wall 1, building foundation 2, mounting pipe 3, lower profile plate 4, upper profile plate 5, column 6.
[0064] No sistema, existe um bloco 1 com uma geometria específica que permite a sua montagem inter-relacional formando uma superfície ou parede de maiores dimensões. Em construção existe uma base de alicerce 2 onde irá ser montado o conjunto. Na base 2 é aplicado um perfil em chapa 4 onde se fixam os tubos 3 de bloqueio da montagem. Nas extremidades laterais existe uma coluna 6, os blocos são enfiados nos tubos através dos furos passantes existentes no seu interior. A geometria de topo dos blocos vai permitir o seu alinhamento e montagem, aumentando a dimensão da parede quer em altura, quer em comprimento. Depois de montado o último bloco superior e concluída a montagem da parede, esta é fixa através da montagem do perfil de chapa superior 5. No sistema proposto, os elementos 3, 4, 5, 6 formam uma estrutura tipo gaiola rígida de suporte da parede, onde os blocos 1 envolvem a estrutura promovendo o seu isolamento e criando uma superfície única de separação. In the system, there is a block 1 with a specific geometry that allows its interrelational assembly forming a larger surface or wall. Under construction there is a foundation base 2 where the assembly will be mounted. In base 2 a sheet metal profile 4 is applied to which the assembly locking pipes 3 are fixed. At the side ends there is a column 6, the blocks are threaded into the tubes through the through holes in them. The top geometry of the blocks will allow them to be aligned and assembled, increasing the size of the wall both in height and length. After the last upper block is assembled and the wall assembly is completed, it is fixed by mounting the upper plate profile 5. In the proposed system, the elements 3, 4, 5, 6 form a rigid cage-like wall support structure. where the blocks 1 surround the structure promoting its isolation and creating a unique separation surface.
[0065] A figura 2 representa uma forma de realização de um módulo, de forma substancialmente quadrangular, do sistema modular proposto. O semi-bloco multifuncional de construção 10 apresenta duas faces principais, uma interior e uma exterior, e uma face superior, uma face inferior, e duas faces laterais. As faces superiores e inferior de blocos colocados contiguamente estão em contacto mútuo, assim como as suas faces laterais, estas faces designadas como faces de "contacto" 11, e de modo a que pelo menos uma das faces principais de cada bloco possa formar pelo menos uma superfície contínua constituída pelas faces principais, quer seja as faces interiores, as exteriores, ou as interiores e as exteriores de um conjunto de blocos. Fig. 2 is an embodiment of a substantially quadrangular module of the proposed modular system. The multifunctional construction half-block 10 has two main faces, one interior and one outer, and one upper face, one lower face, and two side faces. The upper and lower faces of contiguously placed blocks are in mutual contact, as are their side faces, these faces designated as "contact" faces 11, and such that at least one of the main faces of each block can form at least a continuous surface consisting of the main faces, whether inner, outer, or inner and outer faces of a set of blocks.
[0066] Os blocos multifuncionais de construção 10 dispõem preferencialmente de geometria simétrica e biaxial nos encaixes. Uma realização é caracterizada por os encaixes laterais dos blocos multifuncionais serem bi-angulares, simétricos, invertidos e auto-bloqueáveis. Os encaixes compreendem para cada face de contacto 11, preferencialmente adjacente à face de contacto 11, duas partes para encaixe. Uma parte tem uma protrusão que inclui uma superfície em rampa 13, preferencialmente com uma superfície de topo 18 perpendicular à face principal exterior do bloco 10. A outra parte tem um recesso que inclui uma superfície em rampa 12, preferencialmente com uma superfície de topo 15 perpendicular à face principal exterior do bloco 10. A rampa da protrusão 13 fica em contacto com a rampa do recesso 12 do bloco seguinte, quando os blocos são colocados contiguamente. Preferencialmente, a superfície de topo da protrusão 18 fica em contacto com a superfície de topo do recesso 15 do bloco seguinte, quando os blocos são colocados contiguamente. Multifunctional building blocks 10 preferably have symmetrical and biaxial geometry in the fittings. One embodiment is characterized in that the side fittings of the multifunctional blocks are bi-angular, symmetrical, inverted and self-locking. The inserts comprise for each contact face 11, preferably adjacent to the contact face 11, two parts for engagement. One part has a protrusion including a ramp surface 13, preferably with a top surface 18 perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 10. The other part has a recess that includes a ramp surface 12, preferably with a top surface 15. perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 10. The protrusion ramp 13 is in contact with the recess ramp 12 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously. Preferably, the top surface of the protrusion 18 is in contact with the top surface of the recess 15 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously.
[0067] Cada bloco pode possuir pelo menos um furo vertical que atravessa todo o bloco, para passagem de um elemento de reforço da estrutura ou fixação entre blocos, cujo eixo é co-planar com a face exterior do bloco e perpendicular às faces de fecho. Preferencialmente, com os blocos colocados contiguamente, os furos são equidistantes entre si, formando pelo menos uma calha alinhada de secção constante ao longo de blocos colocados alinhados verticalmente. Uma realização possível para este furo inclui os semi-blocos disporem de canais semicilíndricos 14, preferencialmente três ou quatro, semicilíndricos dispostos perpendicularmente entre si dois a dois ou 2 por 1 e que depois de fechados e obtido o bloco, os semicilindros formam furos passantes, através de um espaço tipo túnel, para passagem de um elemento de reforço da estrutura ou fixação entre blocos, ou de outros elementos. [0068] A figura 3 representa uma forma de realização de um módulo do sistema modular proposto, obtido por ligação e fecho de dois semi-blocos iguais. As faces interiores de fecho do bloco podem conter ocos ou alvéolos, em particular um oco em forma de recesso quadrangular 17, preferencialmente localizado centralmente na face interior do semi-bloco, e que, entre outras vantagens, aligeiram a estrutura e criam uma caixa-de-ar isoladora ao calor e/ou ao ruído. Each block may have at least one vertical hole traversing the entire block for passage of a frame reinforcement or interlocking fixture whose axis is co-planar with the outer face of the block and perpendicular to the closing faces. . Preferably, with the blocks adjoiningly placed, the holes are equidistant from each other, forming at least one constant section aligned rail along vertically aligned blocks. A possible embodiment for this hole includes the semi-blocks having semi-cylindrical channels 14, preferably three or four, semi-cylindrical arranged perpendicular to each other two by two or 2 by 1 and which, once the block is closed and obtained, the semi-cylinders form through holes, through a tunnel-like space for passage of a frame reinforcement element or interlocking between blocks, or other elements. Figure 3 represents an embodiment of a module of the proposed modular system, obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks. The inner closing faces of the block may contain hollows or wells, in particular a quadrangular recess-shaped hollow 17, preferably centrally located on the inner face of the semi-block, and which, among other advantages, have lightened the structure and create a housing. insulating air to heat and / or noise.
[0069] Uma realização é caracterizada por os blocos multifuncionais de construção serem obtidos por ligação e fecho de dois semi-blocos iguais através de elementos de acoplamento 16a/16b. One embodiment is characterized in that the multifunctional building blocks are obtained by connecting and closing two equal half blocks by coupling elements 16a / 16b.
[0070] A figura 4 representa uma forma de realização de um módulo 20, de forma substancialmente retangular, do sistema modular proposto. Este módulo 20 pode ser visto como sendo metade do bloco substancialmente quadrangular 10. Os blocos multifuncionais de construção 20 dispõem preferencialmente de geometria simétrica biaxial nos encaixes nos topos verticais, tal como acontecia no módulo substancialmente quadrangular 10. Uma realização é caracterizada por os encaixes nas faces laterais dos blocos multifuncionais compreenderem para cada face de contacto 21, preferencialmente adjacente à face de contacto 21, uma parte para encaixe. Numa das faces laterais, a parte para encaixe tem uma protrusão que inclui uma superfície em rampa 23, preferencialmente com uma superfície de topo 28 perpendicular à face principal exterior do bloco 20. Na outra face lateral, a parte para encaixe tem um recesso que inclui uma superfície em rampa 22, preferencialmente com uma superfície de topo 25 perpendicular à face principal exterior do bloco 20. A rampa da protrusão 23 fica em contacto com a rampa do recesso 22 do bloco seguinte, quando os blocos são colocados contiguamente. Preferencialmente, a superfície de topo da protrusão 28 fica em contacto com a superfície de topo do recesso 25 do bloco seguinte, quando os blocos são colocados contiguamente. Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a substantially rectangular module 20 of the proposed modular system. This module 20 can be viewed as half of the substantially quadrangular block 10. Multifunctional building blocks 20 preferably have biaxial symmetrical geometry in the notches on the vertical tops, as in the substantially quadrangular module 10. One embodiment is characterized by the notches on the side faces of the multifunctional blocks comprise for each contact face 21, preferably adjacent to the contact face 21, a locking part. On one side face, the locking part has a protrusion including a ramp surface 23, preferably with a top surface 28 perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 20. On the other side face, the locking part has a recess including a ramp surface 22, preferably with a top surface 25 perpendicular to the outer main face of the block 20. The protrusion ramp 23 is in contact with the recess ramp 22 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously. Preferably, the top surface of the protrusion 28 contacts the top surface of the recess 25 of the next block when the blocks are placed contiguously.
[0071] A figura 5 representa uma forma de realização do sistema modular proposto pela construção de uma parede com uma pluralidade de blocos 10 encaixados como atrás descrito. [0072] A figura 6 representa uma forma de realização do sistema modular proposto, pela inclusão de uma estrutura com tubos de suporte cujo posicionamento e fixação é assegurada por duas chapas perfiladas, uma superior e uma inferior. Fig. 5 is an embodiment of the proposed modular system by constructing a wall with a plurality of interlocking blocks 10 as described above. [0072] Figure 6 represents an embodiment of the proposed modular system by including a structure with support tubes whose positioning and attachment is ensured by two profiled sheets, one upper and one lower.
[0073] A figura 6a mostra uma pluralidade de blocos 10 encaixados como atrás descrito e unidos através de uma estrutura tubular 30 que atravessa os blocos através dos canais semicilíndricos já referidos, contribuindo para uma estrutura ainda mais sólida e robusta. Figure 6a shows a plurality of blocks 10 fitted as described above and joined through a tubular structure 30 which traverses the blocks through the aforementioned semi-cylindrical channels, contributing to an even more solid and robust structure.
[0074] A figura 6b mostra a construção da estrutura de suporte tubular 30 que compreende uma pluralidade de barras 32, por ex. elementos cilíndricos ou tubos, que se apoiam numa trave inferior 33 e numa trave superior 31. Preferencialmente, as traves são realizadas em perfis de chapa. Fig. 6b shows the construction of the tubular support structure 30 comprising a plurality of bars 32, e.g. cylindrical elements or tubes, which rest on a lower beam 33 and an upper beam 31. Preferably, the beams are made of sheet metal profiles.
[0075] Este conceito pode ser aproveitado para criar paredes exteriores ou divisórias interiores, e até ser utilizado para pisos ou na cobertura em substituição da telha. [0075] This concept can be used to create exterior walls or interior partitions, and even be used for floors or roofing in place of tile.
[0076] Em relação aos sistemas atuais de construção o sistema proposto nesta inovação é perfeitamente compatível com os métodos tradicionais das artes especialistas da construção civil, nomeadamente instalação de água e energia. Permite igualmente combinar soluções construtivas adotadas neste sistema com outras mais convencionais, como por exemplo o recurso a utilização de um telhado tradicional em telha sobre paredes edificadas neste sistema. With regard to current building systems the system proposed in this innovation is perfectly compatible with traditional methods of the specialist building arts, namely water and energy installation. It also allows to combine constructive solutions adopted in this system with more conventional ones, such as the use of a traditional tile roof on walls built in this system.
[0077] A solução proposta permite a adoção de métodos de planeamento de obra e logísticos mais convencionais como levantamento de parede em obra e no local, já que os blocos podem ser usados como substitutos dos blocos em cimento ou barro, ou fazer-se a montagem dos painéis em interior de fábrica e depois o seu transporte para o local, baixando deste modo os custos e o tempo de construção. The proposed solution allows for the adoption of more conventional construction and logistic planning methods such as on-site and on-site wall lifting, as the blocks can be used as substitutes for the cement or clay blocks, or made assembling the panels in the factory interior and then transporting them to the site, thereby reducing costs and construction time.
[0078] O sistema modular de construção baseado neste conceito de blocos multifuncionais, apresenta ainda as seguintes vantagens: The modular building system based on this multifunctional block concept also has the following advantages:
Quando aplicado na construção civil pode ser utilizado para a construção de paredes exteriores ou interiores. É muito fácil de produzir, transportar e montar o que torna excelente a sua aplicação na construção pré-fabricada ou modular. When applied in building construction can be used for the construction of exterior or interior walls. It is very easy to produce, transport and assemble which makes its application excellent in prefabricated or modular construction.
As paredes construídas recorrendo a este conceito não racham, não precisam de manutenção e o seu acabamento interior e exterior poder ser completamente personalizado.  Walls built using this concept do not crack, need maintenance and their interior and exterior finish can be completely customized.
A utilização destes elementos modulares na construção civil é perfeitamente compatível com os métodos convencionais utilizados na construção civil.  The use of these modular elements in construction is perfectly compatible with the conventional methods used in construction.
A montagem, desmontagem ou alteração de paredes interiores é absolutamente limpa e isenta de poeiras.  The assembly, disassembly or alteration of interior walls is absolutely clean and dust free.
Permite uma montagem fácil e isenta de erros.  Allows easy and error free mounting.
Permite um alinhamento perfeito entre os diversos elementos criando uma superfície plana maior.  Allows perfect alignment between the various elements creating a larger flat surface.
Permite montagem em diferentes orientações, atendendo à simetria dos encaixes de ligação.  Allows mounting in different orientations, given the symmetry of the connection fittings.
A ligação entre os elementos é guiada, auto ajustável, estável e desmontável. Permite diferentes tipos de acabamento nas superfícies externas e ser personalizado pelo cliente.  The connection between the elements is guided, self adjustable, stable and detachable. Allows different types of finish on external surfaces and be customized by the customer.
[Exemplos de aplicação [Application Examples
[0079] Na construção civil pode ser utilizado para a construção de módulos habitacionais - pela construção pré-fabricada ou construção modular - e paredes e divisórias. In building construction it can be used for the construction of housing modules - by prefabricated construction or modular construction - and walls and partitions.
[0080] O sistema pode igualmente ser utilizado no fabrico de mobiliário, mesas, secretárias, estantes, entre outros. The system can also be used in the manufacture of furniture, tables, desks, shelves, among others.
[0081] É que claro que as virtudes do sistema evidenciadas na construção civil podem ser alargadas às outras áreas da engenharia, nomeadamente o mobiliário de interiores ou urbano, sem qualquer restrição. Apresentando um enorme potencial de congregação de sinergias quer dos processos produtivos quer logísticos e realçando o potencial de modularidade do sistema, isto é com ligeiras alterações dos materiais e do seu revestimento é possível utilizar o sistema em paredes interiores, exteriores, pisos ou coberturas. Igualmente no mobiliário é possível obter mesas, estantes ou outros módulos de interiores ou abrigos e expositores exteriores. It is clear that the virtues of the system as evidenced in construction can be extended to other areas of engineering, namely interior or urban furniture, without any restriction. Presenting a huge potential for gathering synergies from both production and logistics processes and highlighting the potential for modularity of the system, ie with slight changes in materials and coating, the system can be used on interior, exterior, floor or roof walls. Also in the furniture it is possible to obtain tables, shelves or other interior modules or shelters and outdoor displays.
[0082] As realizações descritas são combináveis entre si. As seguintes reivindicações definem adicionalmente realizações da divulgação. The described embodiments are combinable with each other. The following claims further define embodiments of the disclosure.
[0083] Os blocos podem ser fabricados por processos de conformação por pressão, utilizando materiais compósitos em aglomerado ou laminado. The blocks may be manufactured by pressure forming processes using composite materials in chipboard or laminate.
[0084] Os blocos podem ser fabricados por processos de moldagem por injeção quando são utilizados materiais cerâmicos, compósitos ou polímeros. Blocks can be manufactured by injection molding processes when ceramic, composites or polymers are used.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A Ç Õ E S R E I V I N D I C A C E S
Semi-bloco para construção modular, que compreende: Semi-block for modular construction, comprising:
duas faces principais, designadas por face principal interior e face principal exterior; two main faces, referred to as the inner main face and outer main face;
duas faces laterais, esquerda e direita, e duas faces de topo, superior e inferior, referidas como faces de contacto; two left and right side faces and two top, top and bottom faces referred to as contact faces;
caracterizado por, quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com outro semi-bloco idêntico pelas respetivas faces de contacto, as faces principais dos semi-blocos formarem uma superfície contígua; characterized in that when the half block is fitted with another identical half block by its contact faces, the main faces of the half blocks form a contiguous surface;
e por cada uma das faces de contacto compreender um encaixe com uma protrusão com uma rampa e um encaixe com um recesso com uma rampa, de forma a que a rampa da protrusão fique em contacto com a rampa do recesso do outro semi-bloco idêntico, quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com o outro semi- bloco idêntico; and each of the contact faces comprises a protrusion groove with a ramp and a recess groove with a ramp such that the protrusion ramp is in contact with the recess ramp of the other identical half-block, when the half block is engaged with the other identical half block;
e por, a face interior compreender um ou mais encaixes para encaixar com ainda outro semi-bloco idêntico pelas respetivas faces principais interiores, de modo a formar um bloco com o ainda outro semi-bloco idêntico. and in that the inner face comprises one or more fittings for engaging with yet another identical half block by the respective inner main faces to form a block with yet another identical half block.
Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com a reivindicação anterior em que os encaixes das faces de contacto têm simetria rotacional de 90° num eixo central perpendicular à face principal. Modular construction semi-block according to the preceding claim wherein the contact face fittings have 90 ° rotational symmetry on a central axis perpendicular to the main face.
Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, em que o encaixe com uma protrusão compreende uma superfície de topo perpendicular à superfície principal exterior do bloco e o encaixe com um recesso compreende uma superfície de topo perpendicular à superfície principal exterior do bloco, de forma que a superfície de topo da protrusão fique em contacto com superfície de topo do recesso de outro semi- bloco, quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com outro semi-bloco. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, em que o semi-bloco tem uma geometria simétrica longitudinalmente em cada uma de quatro faces de encaixe e de extração uniaxial. Modular construction semi-block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protrusion fitting comprises a top surface perpendicular to the outer main surface of the block and the recess fitting comprises a top surface perpendicular to the outer main surface. so that the top surface of the protrusion is in contact with the recess top surface of another half block when the half block is engaged with another half block. Semi-block for modular construction according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the half-block has a longitudinally symmetrical geometry on each of four uniaxial engaging and extracting faces.
Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, em que a face principal interior compreende um ou mais canais abertos para receber um elemento longitudinal de suporte. Modular construction semi-block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner main face comprises one or more open channels for receiving a longitudinal support element.
Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, em que os canais são semicilíndricos. Semi-block for modular construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the channels are semi-cylindrical.
Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, que compreende dois canais horizontais e dois canais verticais, ou que compreende dois canais verticais e um canal horizontal. Modular construction semi-block according to the preceding claim, comprising two horizontal channels and two vertical channels, or comprising two vertical channels and one horizontal channel.
8. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, em que a face principal interior compreende um ou mais elementos de acoplamento para unir o semi-bloco a outro semi-bloco idêntico quando o semi-bloco está encaixado com outro semi-bloco idêntico. Semi-block for modular construction according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner main face comprises one or more coupling elements for joining the half-block to another identical half-block when the half-block is engaged with one another. another identical half block.
9. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, em que face principal interior compreende dois elementos de acoplamento complementares, colocados simetricamente relativamente ao centro geométrico do semi-bloco. Semi-block for modular construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the interior main face comprises two complementary coupling elements symmetrically placed relative to the geometric center of the semi-block.
10. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, com uma forma substancialmente quadrangular. Semi-block for modular construction according to any of the preceding claims, having a substantially quadrangular shape.
11. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, com simetria à rotação de 90° ou 180° num eixo perpendicular à face principal exterior. Semi-block for modular construction according to the preceding claim, with symmetry of 90 ° or 180 ° rotation on an axis perpendicular to the outer main face.
12. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1-9, com uma forma substancialmente retangular. Modular building semi-block according to any one of claims 1-9, having a substantially rectangular shape.
13. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com a reivindicação anterior, com simetria à rotação de 180° num eixo perpendicular à face principal exterior. Semi-block for modular construction according to the preceding claim, with symmetry of 180 ° rotation on an axis perpendicular to the outer main face.
14. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, em que face principal interior compreende dois elementos de acoplamento complementares, colocados simetricamente relativamente ao centro geométrico do semi-bloco. Semi-block for modular construction according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the interior main face comprises two complementary coupling elements symmetrically positioned relative to the geometric center of the semi-block.
15. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores que compreende um oco, recesso ou alvéolo na sua face interior. Modular construction semi-block according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a hollow, recess or socket in its inner face.
16. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores que compreende um revestimento na sua face principal exterior. Modular building semi-block according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a covering on its outer main face.
17. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores obtido por conformação por pressão, em particular por conformação por pressão de materiais compósitos em aglomerado ou laminado. Modular construction semi-block according to any one of the preceding claims, obtained by pressure forming, in particular by pressure forming of agglomerate or laminate composite materials.
18. Semi-bloco para construção modular de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1-16 obtido por moldagem por injeção, em particular por moldagem por injeção de materiais cerâmicos, compósitos ou poliméricos. Modular construction semi-block according to any one of claims 1-16 obtained by injection molding, in particular by injection molding of ceramic, composite or polymeric materials.
19. Bloco para construção modular que compreende dois semi-blocos para construção modular de qualquer uma das reivindicações 1-18, encaixados um ao outro pelas suas faces principais interiores. Modular building block comprising two modular building semi-blocks of any one of claims 1-18, joined together by their inner main faces.
20. Parede de construção modular que compreende uma pluralidade de semi-blocos de qualquer uma das reivindicações 1-18, encaixados uns aos outros pelas suas faces laterais e pelas suas faces de topo. Modular construction wall comprising a plurality of half-blocks of any one of claims 1-18, nested together by their side faces and their top faces.
21. Parede de construção modular que compreende uma pluralidade de blocos da reivindicação 19, encaixados uns aos outros pelas suas faces laterais e pelas suas faces de topo. Modular construction wall comprising a plurality of blocks of claim 19, joined together by their side faces and their top faces.
22. Peça de mobiliário que compreende uma parede de construção modular da reivindicação 20 ou 21. A piece of furniture comprising a modular building wall of claim 20 or 21.
23. Estrutura de suporte para uma construção modular de semi-blocos de qualquer uma das reivindicações 1-18 ou de blocos da reivindicação 19, que compreende uma trave inferior, uma trave superior e uma pluralidade de barras unindo a trave inferior à trave superior, em particular em que as barras são paralelas umas às outras. A support structure for a modular half-block construction of any one of claims 1-18 or of blocks of claim 19, comprising a lower beam, an upper beam and a plurality of bars joining the lower beam to the upper beam, in particular where the bars are parallel to each other.
24. Estrutura de suporte de acordo com a reivindicação anterior em as barras são tubos, em particular tubos cilíndricos. Support structure according to the preceding claim, in which the bars are tubes, in particular cylindrical tubes.
25. Estrutura de suporte de acordo com a reivindicação 23 ou 24 em que as traves inferior e superior são em perfil de chapa. Support structure according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the lower and upper beams are in sheet metal profile.
PCT/IB2017/052338 2016-04-22 2017-04-24 Blocks and modular building system WO2017183008A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT109348A PT109348B (en) 2016-04-22 2016-04-22 MODULAR CONSTRUCTION BLOCKS AND SYSTEM
PT109348 2016-04-22

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1381791A (en) * 1971-01-02 1975-01-29 Rathke W Lost shuttering to be held together by cramps
FR2322988A1 (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-04-01 Leroy Victor MODULAR PANEL FORMWORK ESPECIALLY FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
WO2004063482A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-29 Alain Heyer Wall building system
GB2458317A (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-16 Herman Funke Improvements in or relating to wall ties
EP2549027A2 (en) * 2010-03-16 2013-01-23 Universidade do Minho Partition building block and method of use

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1381791A (en) * 1971-01-02 1975-01-29 Rathke W Lost shuttering to be held together by cramps
FR2322988A1 (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-04-01 Leroy Victor MODULAR PANEL FORMWORK ESPECIALLY FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
WO2004063482A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-29 Alain Heyer Wall building system
GB2458317A (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-16 Herman Funke Improvements in or relating to wall ties
EP2549027A2 (en) * 2010-03-16 2013-01-23 Universidade do Minho Partition building block and method of use

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PT109348A (en) 2017-10-23
EP3447207A1 (en) 2019-02-27
PT109348B (en) 2020-09-25

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