WO2017181827A1

WO2017181827A1 - Method and apparatus for transmitting pilot signal

Info

Publication number: WO2017181827A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/078618
Authority: WO
Inventors: 黄煌; 文荣; 明尼海莱恩; 凯瑟菲德艾米; 艾达尔郎弗
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司; 德州大学***校董会
Priority date: 2016-04-20
Filing date: 2017-03-29
Publication date: 2017-10-26
Also published as: CN107306173A; CN107306173B

Abstract

The application discloses a method and apparatus for transmitting a pilot signal. The method comprises: determining a pilot interval between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in a pilot sequence, wherein the pilot sequence is determined according to an extended length resulting from interference of radio frequency distortion; generating according to the pilot interval the pilot sequence, wherein a pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is a null pilot, and a mirror-image subcarrier corresponding to a subcarrier of a non-zero pilot in the pilot sequence is a null subcarrier; and transmitting the pilot sequence. Therefore, the method for transmitting pilot signal as provided in the invention assigns for a system a nonzero pilot carrier and a null pilot carrier. The non-zero pilot is designed based on a principle of interference reduction to significantly decrease the impact of interference on the non-zero pilot and data, thereby reducing the impact of radio frequency distortion on the system, and enhancing performance of the system.

Description

传输导频信号的方法和设备Method and apparatus for transmitting pilot signals

本申请要求于2016年4月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610248563.1、发明名称为“传输导频信号的方法和设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese Patent Application, filed on Apr. 20, 2016, the filing date of in.

技术领域Technical field

本申请涉及通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及传输导频信号的方法和设备。The present application relates to the field of communications and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting pilot signals.

背景技术Background technique

导频信号，也称为导频序列，包括非零导频(non-zero pilot)和零导频(又称为空导频，null pilot)。导频序列常用于通信***的信道估计和射频失真(Radio Frequency Distortion)补偿。信道和射频失真的特性取决于环境、频率范围、***设置和收发器的实现误差等因素。因此，不同条件下的导频序列的设计也有所差异。此外，导频信号在频域传输或在时域上传输时，其设计也有区别。Pilot signals, also known as pilot sequences, include non-zero pilots and zero pilots (also known as null pilots). Pilot sequences are commonly used for channel estimation and Radio Frequency Distortion compensation in communication systems. The characteristics of the channel and RF distortion depend on factors such as the environment, frequency range, system settings, and transceiver implementation errors. Therefore, the design of pilot sequences under different conditions is also different. In addition, when pilot signals are transmitted in the frequency domain or transmitted in the time domain, their design is also different.

频域的导频信号主要应用于多载波***如正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)***、单载波频分多址(Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access，SC-FDMA)***和离散傅里叶变换预编码的正交频分复用(Discrete Fourier Transform-Precoded OFDM，DFT-precoded OFDM)***等。导频信号可以用于估计信道，估计射频失真条件下的干扰，例如相噪、频偏和同相和正交相位不平衡(In-phase and Quadrature-phase Imbalance，IQI)，还可以用于单载波***频域均衡。The pilot signals in the frequency domain are mainly applied to a multi-carrier system such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system or a Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system. And Discrete Fourier Transform-Precoded OFDM (DFT-precoded OFDM) system and the like. The pilot signal can be used to estimate the channel and estimate interference under radio frequency distortion conditions, such as phase noise, frequency offset, and in-phase and quadrature-phase Imbalance (IQI), and can also be used for single carrier. System frequency domain equalization.

现有的导频序列的设计方案主要分为无射频失真条件下的导频序列的设计和射频失真条件下的导频序列设计。现有的射频失真条件下的导频序列的设计方案主要有针对信道+IQI的导频序列设计、针对信道+相位噪声的导频序列设计和针对信道+相位噪声+频偏的导频序列设计等等。但是针对相噪引起的载波间干扰(Inter-Carrier/Inter-sub-Carrier Interference，ICI)和IQI引起的镜像干扰(Mirror Tone Interference，MTI)的导频序列设计则较少。The design scheme of the existing pilot sequence is mainly divided into the design of the pilot sequence without radio frequency distortion and the pilot sequence design under the condition of radio frequency distortion. The existing pilot sequence design under RF distortion conditions mainly includes pilot sequence design for channel + IQI, pilot sequence design for channel + phase noise, and pilot sequence design for channel + phase noise + frequency offset. and many more. However, the pilot sequence design for Inter-Carrier/Inter-sub-Carrier Interference (ICI) caused by phase noise and Mirror Tone Interference (MTI) caused by IQI is less.

现有的导频序列设计方案，要么只考虑镜像干扰(MTI)，要么只考虑载波间干扰(ICI)，或者MTI和ICI的影响均未考虑。因此，当RFD水平较高时，ICI和/或MTI会严重影响***的性能，使得***在现有的导频设计方案下无法正常工作。Existing pilot sequence designs either consider only image-to-interference (MTI) or only inter-carrier interference (ICI), or the effects of MTI and ICI are not considered. Therefore, when the RFD level is high, ICI and/or MTI will seriously affect the performance of the system, making the system not working properly under the existing pilot design scheme.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本申请提供一种传输导频信号的方法和设备，能够减小射频失真对***的影响，提高***的性能。The present application provides a method and apparatus for transmitting a pilot signal, which can reduce the influence of radio frequency distortion on the system and improve the performance of the system.

第一方面，提供了一种传输导频信号的方法，所述方法包括：确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，所述导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的；根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述导频序列的非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。 In a first aspect, a method for transmitting a pilot signal is provided, the method comprising: determining a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in a pilot sequence, the pilot interval being based on a radio frequency distortion condition Deriving an extension length of the interference; generating the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, where a pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, the guide The mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot of the frequency sequence is an empty subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

换而言之，该方法可以包括：生成导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。In other words, the method may include: generating a pilot sequence, wherein pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions, The pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is a zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is a null subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

从结果上来看，该方法可以包括：确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，所述导频间隔大于或等于1；根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述导频序列的非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。或者，该方法可以包括：生成导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于1，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。In a result, the method may include: determining a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, the pilot interval being greater than or equal to 1; generating the guide according to the pilot interval a frequency sequence, where pilots between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are zero pilots, and a mirror subcarrier corresponding to a non-zero pilot subcarrier of the pilot sequence is a null subcarrier Sending the pilot sequence. Alternatively, the method may include: generating a pilot sequence, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to 1, and any two adjacent non-contiguous pilot sequences The pilot between the zero pilots is a zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is a null subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

因此，在本申请中，为***分配非零导频载波的同时，还为***分配零导频载波，非零导频的导频间隔设计基于不被不干扰的原则，使非零导频载波和数据受到干扰的影响明显减弱，从而使得***受射频失真的影响较小，提升***的性能。Therefore, in the present application, a non-zero pilot carrier is allocated to the system, and a zero pilot carrier is also allocated to the system. The pilot interval design of the non-zero pilot is based on the principle of not being interfered, so that the non-zero pilot carrier is used. And the impact of data interference is significantly weakened, which makes the system less affected by RF distortion and improves system performance.

在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，可以包括：根据所述射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，确定所述导频间隔，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining, by using the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, the extended length of the interference according to the radio frequency distortion condition, Determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; determining the pilot interval according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence Greater than or equal to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

可选地，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度。或者，换而言之，干扰包括载波间干扰ICI和镜像干扰MTI。Optionally, the extended length includes an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a mirror interference MTI extension length. Or, in other words, the interference includes inter-carrier interference ICI and image interference MTI.

在本实现方式中，同时考虑相噪引起ICI以及IQI引起MTI的影响。根据射频失真条件下ICI扩展长度和MTI扩展长度确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，由此将ICI和IQI与非零导频错开，使干扰不影响导频子载波，从而提升***的性能。In this implementation mode, considering the phase noise causes ICI and IQI to cause the influence of MTI. Determining the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length under the condition of radio frequency distortion, and guiding between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence The frequency is zero pilot, thereby shifting the ICI and IQI from the non-zero pilot, so that the interference does not affect the pilot subcarriers, thereby improving the performance of the system.

在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波为空子载波。由此，可以进一步减小MTI对***性能的影响。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the subcarriers adjacent to each other of the mirror subcarriers corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot are empty subcarriers. Thereby, the influence of MTI on system performance can be further reduced.

在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，所述根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：根据所述导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽，生成所述导频序列。本可能的实现方式，用于估计等效信道增益的场景，其设计使得导频序列最终等效的导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，且导频序列最终等效的导频间隔小于或等于***的等效信道相干带宽。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, where the pilot interval causes an interference to affect a non-zero pilot to be less than a first threshold, according to the Generating the pilot sequence by a pilot interval includes generating the pilot sequence based on the pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system. The possible implementation, the scenario for estimating the equivalent channel gain, is designed such that the pilot sequence of the pilot sequence is equivalent to the interference interval, so that the influence of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the pilot sequence is finally equivalent. The pilot spacing is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system.

在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。In another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference in a radio frequency distortion condition, where the pilot interval is such that the at least two types of interference are non-zero pilots The influence is less than the first threshold, and the pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold.

本可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述发送所述导频序列，包括：在相应的符号上发送所述导频序列；所述方法还包括：在所述符号上还发送数据信号。In a possible implementation, the method further includes: sending the pilot sequence, including: sending the pilot sequence on a corresponding symbol; the method further comprising: sending data on the symbol signal.

在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列包括第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第一导频间隔，所述第二类导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第二导频间隔，所述根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：生成所述第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列根据所述第一导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽生成，所述第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；生成所述第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列根据所述第二导频间隔生成，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；所述发送所述导频序列，包括：在第一类符号上发送所述第一类导频序列；在第二类符号上发送所述第二类导频序列。In another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the pilot sequence includes a first type of pilot sequence and a second type of pilot sequence, where the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the first type of pilot sequence is a first pilot interval, and the second type of pilot sequence is used to estimate a radio frequency loss At least two types of interferences in a true condition, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence is a second pilot interval, and the generating is performed according to the pilot interval The pilot sequence includes: generating the first type of pilot sequence, the first type of pilot sequence being generated according to the first pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, the first pilot interval The interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold; the second type of pilot sequence is generated, and the second type of pilot sequence is generated according to the second pilot interval, in the second type of pilot sequence The second pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots causes the interference to have a lesser impact on the non-zero pilot than the first threshold, and the second pilot spacing causes the at least two interferences to affect each other Less than the second threshold; the transmitting the pilot sequence includes: transmitting the first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol; and transmitting the second type of pilot sequence on a second type of symbol.

在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the pilot sequence is generated by concatenating a plurality of basic pilot units, where the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot.

第二方面，提供了一种传输导频信号的方法，所述方法包括：获取射频失真条件下的载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度；根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，且非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。In a second aspect, a method for transmitting a pilot signal is provided, the method comprising: acquiring an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a picture interference MTI extension length under radio frequency distortion conditions; and extending the length according to the ICI and the MTI extension Length, determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence Greater than or equal to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, and the non-zero pilot subcarrier corresponds to The mirrored subcarrier is an empty subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

换而言之，所述方法包括：根据射频失真条件下的载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，且非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。In other words, the method includes: determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a picture interference MTI extension length under radio frequency distortion conditions; and determining a minimum anti-interference distance according to the non-zero pilot Generating a pilot sequence, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any two of the pilot sequences The pilot between adjacent non-zero pilots is zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is a null subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波，所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，所述根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离，包括：根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计等效信道增益的第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, where the ICI extension length is κ subcarriers, and the MTI extension length is ι subcarriers, Determining the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length, including: determining, according to the ICI extension length, κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers The first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance of the channel gain is IFD _main = max(κ+1, 2ι+2).

其中，IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)是一种可选的实现方式，其镜像子载波占一个子载波，MTI的单边扩展长度为ι，双边扩展长度为为2ι，因此需要的空载波个数为2ι+1，非零导频的导频间隔从MTI角度看需要大于或等于2ι+2。Among them, IFD _main =max(κ+1,2ι+2) is an optional implementation. The mirror subcarriers occupy one subcarrier. The MTI has a unilateral extension length of ι and a bilateral extension length of 2 ι. The number of null carriers required is 2ι+1, and the pilot spacing of non-zero pilots needs to be greater than or equal to 2ι+2 from the MTI perspective.

在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波可以为空子载波。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the subcarriers adjacent to the left and right of the mirror subcarriers corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot may be null subcarriers.

其中，一种具体的例子为：所述***具有单数字通道，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离；如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在M个符号上生成M个导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述M个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，其中，M为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整。A specific example is that the system has a single digital channel, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: if the first non-zero pilot has minimum anti-interference The distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and the pilot sequence is generated on one symbol, and the pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are less than or equal to the same The channel coherent bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, at M symbols And generating M pilot sequences, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the M guides The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the frequency sequence are different, wherein M is rounded up to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth.

另一种具体的例子为：所述***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main的K倍小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成K个导频序列，所述K个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同；如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main的K倍大于所述等效信道相干带宽，且所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，在N个符号上生成K个导频序列，其中，N小于或等于K，第n个符号上生成K_n个导频序列，n的取值为1,2,...,N，K_n小于或等于K₀，K₀为对等效信道相干带宽/IFD_main下取整，所述第n个符号上的K_n个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第n个符号上的K_n个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同；如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在MK个符号上生成MK个导频序列，每个数字通道在M个符号上生成M个导频序列，其中，M为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，每个数字通道的所述M个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another specific example is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: if the a non-zero K times the minimum pilot interference from the IFD _main or less equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generating K pilot sequences on a symbol, each of the K pilot pilot pilot sequences to any sequence a pilot interval of two adjacent non-zero pilots less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, in the K pilot sequences The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences are different; if the K times of the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main is greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and the first non The zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and K pilot sequences are generated on N symbols, wherein N is less than or equal to K, and K _n guides are generated on the nth symbol pilot sequence, n for a value of 1,2, ..., N, K _n is less than or equal K _{_0,} K ₀ is equivalent to the bandwidth of the channel coherence / IFD _main rounding, K on the n-th pilot symbol sequence _n for each pilot sequence in any two adjacent nonzero on The frequency pilot interval is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any of the K _n pilot sequences on the _nth symbol The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of the two pilot sequences are different; if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, MK pilots are generated on MK symbols a sequence, each digital channel generating M pilot sequences on M symbols, where M is rounded to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and any two adjacent non-zero derivatives in each pilot sequence The frequency pilot interval is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two of the M pilot sequences of each digital channel different.

在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波，所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，所述根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离，包括：根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计ICI和MTI的第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI＝2(κ+ι+1)。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the ICI extension length is κ subcarriers, the MTI extension length is ι subcarriers, and the determining is not according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length. The zero-pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: determining a second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD for estimating ICI and MTI according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers _{ICI, MTI} = 2 (κ + ι + 1).

应理解，所述导频序列用于估计ICI和MTI，或，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益以及估计ICI和MTI。It should be understood that the pilot sequence is used to estimate the ICI and MTI, or the pilot sequence is used to estimate the equivalent channel gain and estimate the ICI and MTI.

一种具体的例子为：所述***具有单数字通道，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：如果所述导频序列的长度小于或等于一个符号上导频可用信道带宽，在一个符号的直流载波的左侧的连续子载波组和右侧的连续子载波组上分别生成包括V个非零导频的导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，其中，V大于1。A specific example is that the system has a single digital channel, and the minimum anti-interference according to the non-zero pilot a distance, generating a pilot sequence, comprising: if the length of the pilot sequence is less than or equal to a pilot available channel bandwidth on one symbol, a contiguous subcarrier group on the left side of the DC carrier of one symbol and a continuous subcarrier on the right side Generating, by the group, a pilot sequence including V non-zero pilots, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference Distance, where V is greater than 1.

另一种具体的例子为：所述***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：如果K个数字通道的导频序列的总长度小于或等于一个符号上导频可用信道带宽，在一个符号上生成K个导频序列，所述K个导频序列中每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同；如果K个数字通道的导频序列的总长度大于一个符号上导频可用信道带宽，在T个符号上生成K个导频序列，其中，T小于或等于K，第t个符号的导频可用信道带宽上生成K_t个导频序列，t的取值为1,2,...,T，K_t小于或等于K'₀，一个符号最多可传输K'₀个数字通道的导频序列，所述K个导频序列中每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第t个符号上的K_t个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。其中，每个导频序列中包括V个非零导频，V大于1。Another specific example is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the pilot sequence is generated according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, including: if K numbers The total length of the pilot sequence of the channel is less than or equal to the pilot available channel bandwidth on one symbol, and K pilot sequences are generated on one symbol, and any two adjacent ones of the pilot sequences in the K pilot sequences The pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two of the K pilot sequences are different If the total length of the pilot sequences of the K digital channels is greater than the pilot available channel bandwidth on one symbol, K pilot sequences are generated on T symbols, where T is less than or equal to K, the pilot of the tth symbol K _t pilot sequences are generated on the available channel bandwidth, and the value of t is 1, 2, ..., T, K _{t is} less than or equal to K' ₀ , and a symbol can transmit up to K′ ₀ digital channel pilots a sequence of any two adjacent ones of each of the K pilot sequences Null pilot pilot or equal to the second interval is greater than zero pilot interference minimum distance K on the t-th pilot symbol _t pilot sequences of any two non-zero pilot sequence in the pilot The corresponding subcarriers are different. Wherein each pilot sequence includes V non-zero pilots, and V is greater than 1.

第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列由基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频，两个所述基本导频单元级联时，两个所述基本导频单元中的两个非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the pilot sequence is generated by a cascade of basic pilot units, where the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot, and the two basic pilot units are cascaded. The pilot spacing of two non-zero pilots of the two basic pilot units is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum interference rejection distance.

第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：在发送所述导频序列的符号上，还发送数据信号。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the method further includes: transmitting a data signal on the symbol of the transmitting the pilot sequence.

第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述***具有单数字通道，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离；如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在U个符号上分别生成U个导频序列，所述U个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，所述U个导频序列中的每个导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离其中，U为对IFD_ICI,MTI/等效信道相干带宽上取整。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the system has a single digital channel, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: if the second non-zero pilot a minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI being} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generating the pilot sequence on one symbol, the pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence being less than Or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; if the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI is} greater than the equivalent channel a U-pilot sequence is generated on the U symbols, and the sub-carriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the U pilot sequences are different, and the U pilot sequences are different. The pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in each pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, where U is the IFD _{ICI, MTI} / equivalent channel The coherence bandwidth is rounded up.

本实现方式中，所述导频序列可以用于估计等效信道增益以及估计ICI和MTI。In this implementation, the pilot sequence can be used to estimate the equivalent channel gain and estimate the ICI and MTI.

第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波，所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，所述根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离，包括：根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计等效信道增益的第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)；根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计ICI和MTI的第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI＝2(κ+ι+1)。In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the ICI extension length is κ subcarriers, the MTI extension length is ι subcarriers, and the determining is non-zero according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length. The pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: determining a first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD for estimating an equivalent channel gain according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers _Main = max(κ+1, 2ι+2); determining a second non-zero pilot minimum impedance for estimating ICI and MTI according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers The interference distance is IFD _{ICI, MTI} = 2 (κ + ι + 1).

一种具体的例子为：所述***具有单数字通道，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：在第一类符号上生成第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离；在所述第一类符号后的第二类符号上生成第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。A specific example is that the system has a single digital channel, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: generating a first type of pilot sequence on the first type of symbol, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the first type of pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; after the first type of symbol Generating a second type of pilot sequence on the second type of symbols, and a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

具体地，如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个第一类符号上生成一个第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，且小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽；如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在Y个符号上生成Y个第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述Y个第一类导频序列中的任意两个第一类导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，其中，Y为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整；在所述第一类符号后的第二类符号上生成第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Specifically, if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generate a first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol, the first type of pilot a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the sequence is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance and less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth; if the first The non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and Y first-class pilot sequences are generated on Y symbols, and any two adjacent ones of the first-type pilot sequences are adjacent The pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and the non-zero pilot of any two of the Y first-class pilot sequences Corresponding subcarriers are different, wherein Y is rounded off the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherent bandwidth; a second type of pilot sequence is generated on the second type of symbol after the first type of symbol, the second class The pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is large Or equal to the second non-zero minimum interference from the pilot.

另一种具体的例子为：所述***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI的K倍小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成K个导频序列，所述K个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同；如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI的K倍大于所述等效信道相干带宽，且所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，在W个符号上生成K个导频序列，其中，W小于或等于K，第w个符号上生成K_w个导频序列，w的取值为1,2,...,W，K_w小于或等于K”₀，K”₀为对等效信道相干带宽/IFD_ICI,MTI下取整，所述第w个符号上的K_w个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第w个符号上的K_w个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同；如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI大于所述等效信道相干带宽，且所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，在K个A类符号上分别生成K个A类导频序列，在K个B类符号上分别生成K个B类导频序列，其中，所述A类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述B类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离；如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，对于K个数字通道的每个数字通道，在X个连续的A类符号上生成X个A类导频序列，其中，X为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，在X个连续的A类符号后的一个B类符号上生成一个B类导频序列，每个数字通道的所述X个A类导频序列中的任意两个A类导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，所述A类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述B类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Another specific example is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance includes: if the Two non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _ICI, K times the _MTI is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generating K pilot sequences on one symbol, each pilot sequence in the K pilot sequences a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the K pilot sequences The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences are different; if the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _ICI, the K times of the _MTI is greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and The second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and K pilot sequences are generated on W symbols, where W is less than or equal to K, the wth symbol generating a pilot sequence K _w, w is a value of 1,2, ..., W, K _w small Or equal to K _{_"0,} K" ₀ equivalent channel for the coherence bandwidth / IFD _ICI, the _MTI rounding, K _w of guide on the w-th pilot symbol of each pilot sequence of any sequence of two guide The pilot spacing of adjacent non-zero pilots is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, K _w of the wth symbols The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the pilot sequence are different; if the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and The first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and K class A pilot sequences are respectively generated on K class A symbols, and respectively generated on K class B symbols K class B pilot sequences, wherein pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the class A pilot sequence are less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to First non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any two adjacent non-zero derivatives in the class B pilot sequence The pilot interval of the frequency is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, for K digital channels Each of the digital channels generates X Class A pilot sequences on X consecutive Class A symbols, where X is rounded to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, after X consecutive Class A symbols Generating a Class B pilot sequence on a Class B symbol, and the subcarriers corresponding to the nonzero pilots of any two Class A pilot sequences in each of the X Class A pilot sequences of each digital channel are different. The pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the class A pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any two of the class B pilot sequences The pilot spacing of adjacent non-zero pilots is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

第三方面，提供了一种传输导频信号的方法，包括：接收导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；根据所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。A third aspect provides a method for transmitting a pilot signal, including: receiving a pilot sequence, where pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are interference according to radio frequency distortion conditions Derived by the extension length, the pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is an empty subcarrier; The pilot sequence estimates an equivalent channel gain or estimates at least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions.

从结果上来看，该方法可以包括：接收导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于1，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；根据所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。In a result, the method may include: receiving a pilot sequence, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to 1, and any two phases in the pilot sequence a pilot between adjacent non-zero pilots is a zero pilot, and a mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is a null subcarrier; estimating an equivalent channel gain or estimating a radio frequency distortion condition according to the pilot sequence At least two kinds of interference.

在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波也为空子载波。In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the subcarriers adjacent to each of the left and right of the mirror subcarriers corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot are also null subcarriers.

在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，是根据***的等效信道相干带宽生成的，所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值。In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, which is generated according to an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, where the pilot interval is such that the interference is non-zero pilot. The impact is less than the first threshold.

在第三方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。In another possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference in a radio frequency distortion condition, where the pilot interval is such that the at least two types of interference are non-zero pilots The influence is less than the first threshold, and the pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold.

其中，所述方法可以还包括：在接收所述导频序列的符号上，还接收数据信号。Wherein, the method may further include: receiving a data signal on the symbol of receiving the pilot sequence.

在第三方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收导频序列，包括：在第一类符号上接收第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；在第二类符号上接收第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；所述根据所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，包括：根据所述第一类导频序列估计等效信道增益。根据所述第二类导频序列估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。In another possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the receiving the pilot sequence includes: receiving a first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol, any two of the first type of pilot sequences First pilot between adjacent non-zero pilots Separating the interference from the non-zero pilot by less than the first threshold; receiving the second type of pilot sequence on the second type of symbols, any two adjacent non-zero pilots of the second type of pilot sequence The two pilot intervals are such that the impact of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold; The sequence estimates an equivalent channel gain or at least two types of interference under estimated radio frequency distortion conditions, including estimating an equivalent channel gain from the first type of pilot sequence. At least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions are estimated based on the second type of pilot sequence.

在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the pilot sequence is generated by concatenating a plurality of basic pilot units, where the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot.

在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度，所述少两种干扰包括ICI和MTI。In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the extended length includes an inter-carrier interference ICI extended length and a mirrored interference MTI extended length, where the two types of interference include ICI and MTI.

在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离是根据所述射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的。In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to a minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot, The non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance is determined according to an extended length of interference under the radio frequency distortion condition.

第四方面提供了一种传输导频信号的设备，该设备用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任一可能的实现方式中的方法。该设备可以包括处理模块和发送模块。A fourth aspect provides an apparatus for transmitting a pilot signal, the apparatus for performing the method of any of the first aspect or the first aspect of the first aspect. The device can include a processing module and a transmitting module.

第五方面提供了一种传输导频信号的设备，该设备包括处理器、收发器和存储器，用于执行第一方面和其相应的实现方式，并且第五方面的设备的各器件可以与第四方面的设备相应模块对应。A fifth aspect provides an apparatus for transmitting a pilot signal, the apparatus comprising a processor, a transceiver, and a memory for performing the first aspect and its corresponding implementation, and the devices of the apparatus of the fifth aspect are The corresponding modules of the four aspects correspond to the corresponding modules.

附图说明DRAWINGS

图1是一种导频序列设计方案的示意图。1 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design.

图2是另一种导频序列设计方案的示意图。2 is a schematic diagram of another pilot sequence design.

图3是另一种导频序列设计方案的示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of another pilot sequence design.

图4、图5和图6是本申请实施例的导频序列设计方案的示意图。4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams of a pilot sequence design scheme according to an embodiment of the present application.

图7是本申请一个实施例的传输导频信号方法的示意性流程图。FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting a pilot signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

图8、图9和图10是本申请实施例的第一组设计方案的设计思想示意图。FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are schematic diagrams showing the design idea of the first set of design schemes of the embodiments of the present application.

图11和图12示出是本申请实施例的第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案的设计思想的示意图。11 and FIG. 12 are schematic diagrams showing the design concepts of the second group design and the third group design of the embodiment of the present application.

图13是本申请实施例的导频序列设计下RFD对各个子载波的影响的示意图。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the effect of RFD on each subcarrier under the pilot sequence design of the embodiment of the present application.

图14是本申请一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。14 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of an embodiment of the present application.

图15是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。15 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图16是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。16 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图17是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。17 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图18是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。18 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图19是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。19 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图20是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。20 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图21是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。21 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图22是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。22 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图23是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。23 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图24是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。 24 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图25是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。25 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图26是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。26 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图27是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。27 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图28是本申请另一个实施例的导频序列设计的示意图。28 is a schematic diagram of a pilot sequence design of another embodiment of the present application.

图29是应用本申请一个实施例的OFDM***的示意性框图。29 is a schematic block diagram of an OFDM system to which one embodiment of the present application is applied.

图30是应用本申请一个实施例的***的误比特率的曲线图。Figure 30 is a graph of bit error rate for a system to which an embodiment of the present application is applied.

图31是本申请一个实施例的传输导频信号设备的示意性框图。FIG. 31 is a schematic block diagram of a transmission pilot signal device according to an embodiment of the present application.

图32是本申请另一个实施例的传输导频信号设备的示意性框图。32 is a schematic block diagram of a transmission pilot signal device according to another embodiment of the present application.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

导频信号，本申请实施例中也称为导频序列，包括非零导频(non-zero pilot)和零导频(又称为空导频，null pilot)。导频序列常用于通信***的信道估计和射频失真(Radio Frequency Distortion)补偿。信道和射频失真的特性取决于环境、频率范围、***设置和收发器的实现误差等因素。因此，不同条件下的导频序列的设计也有所差异。此外，导频信号在频域传输或在时域上传输时，其设计也有区别。本申请实施例讨论在频率域上传输导频信号的情况。The pilot signal, also referred to as a pilot sequence in the embodiment of the present application, includes a non-zero pilot and a zero pilot (also known as a null pilot). Pilot sequences are commonly used for channel estimation and Radio Frequency Distortion compensation in communication systems. The characteristics of the channel and RF distortion depend on factors such as the environment, frequency range, system settings, and transceiver implementation errors. Therefore, the design of pilot sequences under different conditions is also different. In addition, when pilot signals are transmitted in the frequency domain or transmitted in the time domain, their design is also different. The embodiment of the present application discusses the case of transmitting a pilot signal on a frequency domain.

频域的导频信号主要应用于多载波***如正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)***、单载波频分多址(Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access，SC-FDMA)***和离散傅里叶变换预编码的正交频分复用(Discrete Fourier Transform-Precoded OFDM，DFT-precoded OFDM)***等。导频信号可以用于估计信道，估计射频失真的干扰，例如相噪、频偏和同相和正交相位不平衡(In-phase and Quadrature-phase Imbalance，IQI)。导频信号还可以用于其他有同样等效信道信号模型的其他多载波***，例如通用滤波多载波(Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier，UFMC)***、广义频分复用(Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing，GFDM)和单载波频域均衡***等。The pilot signals in the frequency domain are mainly applied to a multi-carrier system such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system or a Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system. And Discrete Fourier Transform-Precoded OFDM (DFT-precoded OFDM) system and the like. The pilot signal can be used to estimate the channel and estimate interference of radio frequency distortion, such as phase noise, frequency offset, and in-phase and quadrature-phase Imbalance (IQI). The pilot signal can also be used in other multi-carrier systems with the same equivalent channel signal model, such as Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) system, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM). And single carrier frequency domain equalization system.

现有的导频序列的设计方案主要分为无射频失真条件下的导频序列的设计和射频失真条件下的导频序列设计。由于实际***中一般都存在射频失真，本申请实施例应用于射频失真条件下的导频序列设计。现有的射频失真条件下的导频序列的设计方案主要有针对信道+IQI的导频序列设计、针对信道+相位噪声的导频序列设计和针对信道+相位噪声+频偏的导频序列设计等等。但是针对相噪引起的载波间干扰(Inter-Carrier/Inter-sub-Carrier Interference，ICI)和IQI引起的镜像干扰(Mirror Tone Interference，MTI)的导频序列设计则较少。The design scheme of the existing pilot sequence is mainly divided into the design of the pilot sequence without radio frequency distortion and the pilot sequence design under the condition of radio frequency distortion. Since radio frequency distortion generally exists in an actual system, the embodiment of the present application is applied to pilot sequence design under radio frequency distortion conditions. The existing pilot sequence design under RF distortion conditions mainly includes pilot sequence design for channel + IQI, pilot sequence design for channel + phase noise, and pilot sequence design for channel + phase noise + frequency offset. and many more. However, the pilot sequence design for Inter-Carrier/Inter-sub-Carrier Interference (ICI) caused by phase noise and Mirror Tone Interference (MTI) caused by IQI is less.

图1示出了现有的一种导频序列设计方案。该方案对于MTI和ICI对导频序列的影响均未考虑。如图所示，当RFD水平较高时，ICI和/或MTI会严重影响***性能，导频序列中各位置的信号会受到旁边子载波的干扰(ICI)和镜像干扰(MTI)。导频序列中非零导频和零导频都受到很大干扰，导致等效信道增益的估计不准确，使得***在现有的导频设计方案下无法正常工作。其中，图中的DC(Direct Current)表示直流子载波。Figure 1 shows a prior art pilot sequence design. The scheme does not consider the effects of MTI and ICI on the pilot sequence. As shown in the figure, when the RFD level is high, ICI and/or MTI will seriously affect the system performance. The signals at each position in the pilot sequence will be interfered by the adjacent subcarriers (ICI) and image interference (MTI). Both the non-zero pilot and the zero pilot in the pilot sequence are greatly interfered, resulting in an inaccurate estimation of the equivalent channel gain, which makes the system unable to work properly under the existing pilot design scheme. Among them, DC (Direct Current) in the figure represents a DC subcarrier.

图2示出了现有的另一种导频序列设计方案。该方案未考虑ICI对导频序列的影响。如图所示，当RFD水平较高时，导频序列中非零导频和零导频都受到很大干扰，使得系统在现有的导频设计方案下无法正常工作。Figure 2 shows another prior art pilot sequence design. This scheme does not consider the impact of ICI on the pilot sequence. As shown in the figure, when the RFD level is high, the non-zero pilot and zero pilot in the pilot sequence are greatly disturbed. The system does not work properly under the existing pilot design scheme.

图3示出了现有的又一种导频序列设计方案。该方案对于MTI和ICI对导频序列的影响均未考虑。如图所示，接收导频被数据的ICI以及其它导频的MTI破坏，导致信道估计不准确，数据解调性能恶化。FIG. 3 shows another prior art pilot sequence design. The scheme does not consider the effects of MTI and ICI on the pilot sequence. As shown, the received pilot is corrupted by the ICI of the data and the MTI of the other pilots, resulting in inaccurate channel estimation and degraded data demodulation performance.

综上所述，现有的导频序列设计方案，要么只考虑镜像干扰(MTI)，要么只考虑载波间干扰(ICI)，或者MTI和ICI的影响均未考虑。因此，当RFD水平较高时，ICI和/或MTI会严重影响***的性能，使得***在现有的导频设计方案下无法正常工作。In summary, the existing pilot sequence design scheme only considers image interference (MTI), or only considers inter-carrier interference (ICI), or the effects of MTI and ICI are not considered. Therefore, when the RFD level is high, ICI and/or MTI will seriously affect the performance of the system, making the system not working properly under the existing pilot design scheme.

本申请实施例针对现有方案的以上不足，提出了新的有效的导频序列的设计方案。本申请实施例中导频序列的设计可以分为两种类型。第一类导频序列，如图4所示，该类导频序列所在的OFDM符号的所有有用子载波都用来发送导频(包括非零导频或零导频)。通常，第一类导频序列所在的OFDM符号放在发送帧的最前面，或者插在发送帧的中部，或者穿插在整个发送帧里面。第二类导频序列，如图5所示，在同一个OFDM符号内同时发送数据及导频(包括非零导频或零导频)。如图6所示，第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列还可以结合在一起设计。The embodiments of the present application propose a new effective pilot sequence design scheme for the above deficiencies of the existing solutions. The design of the pilot sequences in the embodiments of the present application can be divided into two types. The first type of pilot sequence, as shown in FIG. 4, all the useful subcarriers of the OFDM symbol in which the pilot sequence is located are used to transmit pilots (including non-zero pilots or zero pilots). Typically, the OFDM symbol in which the first type of pilot sequence is located is placed at the top of the transmitted frame, or inserted in the middle of the transmitted frame, or interspersed throughout the transmitted frame. The second type of pilot sequence, as shown in Figure 5, simultaneously transmits data and pilots (including non-zero pilots or zero pilots) within the same OFDM symbol. As shown in FIG. 6, the first type of pilot sequence and the second type of pilot sequence can also be designed together.

为了方便描述，对导频序列设计过程中涉及的参数基概念进行定义。For convenience of description, the concept of parameter bases involved in the design of the pilot sequence is defined.

将OFDM的子载波进行编号，索引0对应直流子载波，较直流子载波频率低的一侧的子载波索引为负，较直流子载波频率高的一侧的子载波索引为正。The subcarriers of the OFDM are numbered, and the index 0 corresponds to the DC subcarrier. The subcarrier index on the side lower than the DC subcarrier frequency is negative, and the subcarrier index on the side higher than the DC subcarrier frequency is positive.

子载波间隔为ΔfSubcarrier spacing is Δf

快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transformation，FFT)点数N_DFT Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) points N _DFT

有效子载波范围：[-N_L,N_R]Effective subcarrier range: [-N _L , N _R ]

单边明显的ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波Unilaterally obvious ICI extension length is κ subcarriers

单边明显的MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波Unilaterally obvious MTI extension length is ι subcarriers

直流子载波右侧(频率高的一侧)第一个有用子载波索引l₁，例如l₁＝1表示只有直流子载波没有被使用，l₁＝2表示有3个子载波未被使用，即直流子载波及其左右各一个子载波未被使用The first useful subcarrier index l ₁ on the right side (high frequency side) of the DC subcarrier, for example, l ₁ =1 indicates that only the DC subcarrier is not used, and l ₁ = 2 indicates that 3 subcarriers are not used, that is, The DC subcarrier and one of the left and right subcarriers are not used.

第n个OFDM符号在直流子载波左侧和右侧非零导频的索引集合分别为

和

The index sets of the nth OFDM symbol on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are respectively non-zero pilots.

with

第n个OFDM符号非零导频的索引集合为

The index set of the nth OFDM symbol non-zero pilot is

第n个OFDM符号非零导频的镜像索引集合为J_NZPM,n＝-J_NZP,n，其中，直流子载波左右对称位置的子载波互为镜像子载波The mirror index set of the nth OFDM symbol non-zero pilot is J _{NZPM, n} = -J _NZP,n , where the subcarriers in the left and right symmetric positions of the DC subcarrier are mirror subcarriers

第n个OFDM符号上第k个数字信道的直流子载波左侧和右侧非零导频的索引集合分别为

和

非零导频的索引集合为

非零导频的镜像索引集合为

The index sets of the left and right non-zero pilots of the DC subcarrier of the kth digital channel on the nth OFDM symbol are respectively

with

The index set of non-zero pilots is

The set of mirrored indexes of non-zero pilots is

第n个OFDM符号在直流子载波右侧非零导频和零导频的索引集合为

The index set of the nth OFDM symbol on the right side of the DC subcarrier with non-zero pilot and zero pilot is

第n个OFDM符号在直流子载波左侧非零导频和零导频的索引集合为

The index set of the nth OFDM symbol on the left side of the DC subcarrier with non-zero pilot and zero pilot is

归一化的等效信道相干带宽为

即

个子载波，其中，

表示向上取整，对于频域不相关的IQI***，W_coh表示信道的相干带宽；对于频域相关的IQI***，W_coh表示等效信道(信道+频域相干IQI)的相干带宽。在归一化的等效信道相干带宽内，可以认为信道基本保持不变。The normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth is

which is

Subcarriers, where

Indicates rounding up. For frequency domain uncorrelated IQI systems, W _coh represents the coherence bandwidth of the channel; for frequency domain related IQI systems, W _coh represents the coherent bandwidth of the equivalent channel (channel + frequency domain coherent IQI). Within the normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, the channel can be considered to remain substantially unchanged.

应理解，本申请实施例中，扩展长度是指由于干扰扩展所导致的在频域上的影响范围。具体而言，扩展长度范围内的子载波会对非零导频造成干扰。非零导频会受到旁边所有子载波的干扰，例如对于ICI，离非零导频越近的子载波，对非零导频的干扰越大。例如，ICI扩展长度是指由于ICI扩展所导致的在频域上的影响范围，具体如由于ICI扩展所导致的在频域上影响的子载波的个数。MTI扩展长度是指由于MTI扩展所导致的在频域上的影响范围，具体如由于MTI扩展所导致的在频域上影响的子载波的个数。当然干扰的扩展不仅仅以子载波个数为单位，也可以以其他方式作为单位，本申请实施例对此不作限定。It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the extended length refers to the range of influence in the frequency domain due to interference spreading. In particular, subcarriers within the extended length range can cause interference to non-zero pilots. Non-zero pilots are subject to interference by all subcarriers alongside, for example, for ICI, the closer the subcarriers are to non-zero pilots, the greater the interference to non-zero pilots. For example, the ICI extension length refers to the range of influence in the frequency domain due to ICI expansion, such as the number of subcarriers affected in the frequency domain due to ICI expansion. The MTI extension length refers to the range of influence in the frequency domain due to the MTI extension, such as the number of subcarriers affected in the frequency domain due to the MTI extension. Of course, the extension of the interference is not limited to the number of subcarriers, and may be used as a unit in other manners.

图7示出了根据本申请实施例提供的传输导频信号的方法的示意性流程图，该方法可以由发送设备执行。如图7所示，该方法包括：FIG. 7 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting a pilot signal according to an embodiment of the present application, which may be performed by a transmitting device. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes:

S501，确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，所述导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的；S501. Determine a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, where the pilot interval is determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions;

S502，根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述导频序列的非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；S502. The pilot sequence is generated according to the pilot interval, where a pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is a zero pilot, and the pilot sequence is non-zero-guided. The mirrored subcarrier corresponding to the frequency subcarrier is an empty subcarrier;

S503，发送所述导频序列。S503. Send the pilot sequence.

换而言之，发送设备生成导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。In other words, the transmitting device generates a pilot sequence, where pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions, the pilot sequence The pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots is a zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is a null subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

在本申请实施例中，为***分配非零导频载波的同时，还为***分配零导频载波，非零导频的导频间隔设计基于不被不干扰的原则，使非零导频载波和数据受到干扰的影响明显减弱，从而使得***受射频失真的影响较小，提升***的性能。In the embodiment of the present application, when the system allocates a non-zero pilot carrier, the system also allocates a zero pilot carrier. The pilot spacing design of non-zero pilots is based on the principle of non-interference, which significantly reduces the influence of non-zero pilot carriers and data interference, which makes the system less affected by RF distortion and improves system performance.

应理解，本申请各实施例中所讨论的干扰主要涉及ICI和MTI，当然当***中存在其他干扰时也可以以考虑类似ICI和MTI的方式，将其对导频序列设计的影响考虑进来。对应上文，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度。It should be understood that the interferences discussed in the embodiments of the present application mainly relate to ICI and MTI. Of course, when other interferences exist in the system, the influence on the pilot sequence design can be taken into account in consideration of similar ICI and MTI. Corresponding to the above, the extended length includes an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a mirror interference MTI extension length.

ICI扩展长度又可以称为ICI扩展因子，MTI扩展长度又可以称为MTI扩展因子。ICI扩展因子和MTI扩展因子可以是单边的也可以是双边的，并且可以根据不同准则选取不同的配置，本申请实施例对此不作限定。The ICI extension length can also be referred to as an ICI spreading factor, which in turn can be referred to as an MTI spreading factor. The ICI expansion factor and the MTI extension factor may be unilateral or bilateral, and different configurations may be selected according to different criteria, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

因此，同同时考虑相噪引起ICI以及IQI引起MTI的影响。根据射频失真条件下ICI扩展长度和MTI扩展长度确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，由此将ICI和IQI与非零导频错开，使干扰不影响导频子载波，从而提升***的性能。应理解，本申请实施例主要针对发送设备和接收设备均存在高射频失真的***，其各个RF通道的射频失真会引起非相干的ICI和MTI。Therefore, the simultaneous consideration of phase noise causes ICI and IQI to cause the influence of MTI. Determining the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length under the condition of radio frequency distortion, and guiding between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence The frequency is zero pilot, thereby shifting the ICI and IQI from the non-zero pilot, so that the interference does not affect the pilot subcarriers, thereby improving the performance of the system. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are mainly directed to a system in which both the transmitting device and the receiving device have high radio frequency distortion, and the radio frequency distortion of each RF channel causes non-coherent ICI and MTI.

具体而言，S501确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，可以包括：Specifically, S501 determines a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, and may include:

根据所述射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；Determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the extended length of the interference under the radio frequency distortion condition;

根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，确定所述导频间隔，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Determining, according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to a minimum of the non-zero pilot Anti-interference distance.

其中，在此之前还可以获取射频失真条件下的干扰的扩展长度。具体到ICI和MTI两种干扰，则为获取射频失真条件下的载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度。Among them, the extended length of the interference under the condition of radio frequency distortion can be obtained before this. Specifically, the ICI and MTI interferences are used to obtain the inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and the image interference MTI extension length under the condition of radio frequency distortion.

具体地，发送导频序列的过程可以如下：Specifically, the process of transmitting a pilot sequence can be as follows:

获取射频失真条件下的干扰的扩展长度；Obtain an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions;

根据所述扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；Determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the extended length;

根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，且非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；Generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference The pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is an empty subcarrier;

发送所述导频序列。The pilot sequence is transmitted.

本申请实施例中，根据RFD的水平、信道设置的不同或者***设置的不同，导频序列的设计参数也有所不同。本申请实施例针对具有频域选择性信道，发送设备和/或接收设备存在RFD的OFDM、SC-FDMA或其他多载波***提出的导频序列设计方案，包括：用于估计等效信道增益的导频序列的设计方案；用于估计I CI系数和MTI系数的导频序列的设计方案；以及用于估计等效信道增益和估计ICI系数及MTI系数的导频序列的设计方案。In the embodiment of the present application, the design parameters of the pilot sequence are also different according to the level of the RFD, the channel setting, or the system setting. The embodiment of the present application is directed to a pilot sequence design scheme for an OFDM, SC-FDMA, or other multi-carrier system having a frequency domain selective channel, a transmitting device, and/or a receiving device having an RFD, including: a method for estimating an equivalent channel gain. A design scheme of a pilot sequence; a design scheme of a pilot sequence for estimating an I CI coefficient and an MTI coefficient; and a design scheme of a pilot sequence for estimating an equivalent channel gain and estimating an ICI coefficient and an MTI coefficient.

具体地，所述方法可以包括：获取射频失真条件下的载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度；根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，且非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；发送所述导频序列。Specifically, the method may include: acquiring an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a picture interference MTI extension length under radio frequency distortion conditions; determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length Generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the non-zero pilot minimum impedance Interference distance, the pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, and the mirror corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot The subcarrier is an empty subcarrier; the pilot sequence is transmitted.

本申请实施例的传输导频信号的方法区别于现有的导频序列的设计方案的地方在于：为***分配非零导频载波的同时，还为***分配零导频载波，非零导频的导频间隔设计基于不被不干扰的原则，使非零导频载波和数据受到MTI和ICI的影响明显减弱，从而使得***受RFD的影响较小，提升***的性能。The method for transmitting a pilot signal in the embodiment of the present application is different from the existing pilot sequence design in that a non-zero pilot carrier is allocated to the system, and a zero pilot carrier is also allocated to the system, and a non-zero pilot is allocated. The pilot spacing design is based on the principle of non-interference, so that the non-zero pilot carrier and data are significantly weakened by the influence of MTI and ICI, so that the system is less affected by RFD and improves the performance of the system.

上文已经介绍了本申请实施例涉及的两类导频序列。具体地，本申请实施例的导频序列的设计方案可以分为4组。第一组设计方案为将第一类导频序列，用于估计等效信道增益；第二组设计方案为将第二类导频序列，用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数；第三组设计方案为将第一类导频序列，用于估计等效信道增益和估计ICI系数及MTI系数；第四组设计方案为将第一组设计方案和第二组设计方案结合起来，用于估计等效信道增益和估计ICI系数及MTI系数，成为混合类型的导频序列的设计方案。The two types of pilot sequences involved in the embodiments of the present application have been described above. Specifically, the design scheme of the pilot sequence of the embodiment of the present application can be divided into four groups. The first set of design schemes is to use the first type of pilot sequence to estimate the equivalent channel gain; the second set of design schemes is to use the second type of pilot sequence to estimate the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient; To estimate the equivalent channel gain and estimate the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient for the first type of pilot sequence; the fourth set of design schemes is to combine the first set of design schemes with the second set of design schemes for estimating the equivalent The channel gain and estimated ICI coefficients and MTI coefficients are the design of the pilot type of the hybrid type.

下面首先大致介绍本申请实施例中不同场景下导频序列的设计思路。应理解，本申请实施例中可以不使用直流子载波(DC)，将其在图中用虚线标示。The following is a brief introduction to the design of the pilot sequence in different scenarios in the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the DC subcarrier (DC) may not be used in the embodiment of the present application, which is indicated by a broken line in the figure.

图8、图9和图10示出的为第一组设计方案，用于估计等效信道增益，导频序列覆盖整个有效子载波范围。所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，所述生成导频序列，包括：根据***的等效信道相干带宽，生成所述导频序列。本组设计方案，用于估计等效信道增益的场景，其设计使得导频序列最终等效的导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，且导频序列最终等效的导频间隔小于或等于***的等效信道相干带宽。第一阈值可以是根据***对干扰的容忍程度确定的。具体而言，通过参考***中存在的干扰的扩展长度可以设计导频间隔，使之符合干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值。图8对应的ICI扩展长度κ＝1，MTI扩展长度ι＝0。图9和图10对应的ICI扩展长度κ＝1，MTI扩展长度ι＝1。Figures 8, 9 and 10 show a first set of designs for estimating the equivalent channel gain, the pilot sequence covering the entire effective subcarrier range. The pilot interval is such that the impact of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the generating the pilot sequence includes: generating the pilot sequence according to an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system. The set of design schemes for estimating the equivalent channel gain is designed such that the pilot sequence of the pilot sequence is equivalent to the interference interval, so that the influence of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the pilot sequence is ultimately equivalent. The pilot spacing is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system. The first threshold may be determined based on the degree of tolerance of the system to interference. Specifically, the pilot interval can be designed by referring to the extended length of the interference existing in the system so that the interference to the non-zero pilot has less than the first threshold. The corresponding ICI extension length κ=1 in FIG. 8 and the MTI extension length ι=0. The ICI extension length κ=1 corresponding to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, and the MTI extension length ι=1.

具体而言，由于每一个子载波都会受到周围子载波的载波间干扰(ICI)，以及镜像位置的镜像干扰(MTI)。因此，为了使非零导频不受ICI和MTI扩展的影响，在非零导频之间***适当数量的零导频，即***零导频获得的非零导频间的导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于一定的阈值，例如第一阈值。换而言之，发送设备在多个导频子载波上分别发送非零导频信号，任意两个相邻的非零导频子载波之间至少有一个空子载波，该空子载波不发送信号，并且非零导频位置的镜像子载波也为一个空子载波。优选地，非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波也为空子载波(如图9和图10所示)。由此，可以进一步减小MTI对***性能的影响。Specifically, each subcarrier is subject to inter-carrier interference (ICI) of surrounding subcarriers and image interference (MTI) of the mirrored location. Therefore, in order to make non-zero pilots unaffected by ICI and MTI extension, insert an appropriate number of zero pilots between non-zero pilots, that is, pilot intervals between non-zero pilots obtained by inserting zero pilots. The effect on non-zero pilots is less than a certain threshold, such as the first threshold. In other words, the transmitting device separately transmits a non-zero pilot signal on multiple pilot subcarriers, and at least one empty subcarrier between any two adjacent non-zero pilot subcarriers, and the null subcarrier does not send a signal. And the mirror subcarrier of the non-zero pilot position is also an empty subcarrier. Preferably, the subcarriers adjacent to each other on the left and right of the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot are also null subcarriers (as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10). Thereby, the influence of MTI on system performance can be further reduced.

具体地，至少max(κ,2ι+1)个(其中，max(a,b)表示取a和b中值较大的作为输出)零导频被***非零导频之间，使得ICI和MTI的扩展落入空子载波的位置。max(κ+1,2ι+2)称为估计等效信道增益非零导频的最小抗干扰距离，也可以称为第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，用IFD_main表示。Specifically, at least max(κ, 2ι+1) (where max(a, b) represents taking a larger value of a and b as an output) zero pilot is inserted between non-zero pilots, such that ICI and The extension of the MTI falls into the position of the null subcarrier. Max(κ+1, 2ι+2) is called the minimum anti-interference distance for estimating the equivalent channel gain non-zero pilot, and may also be referred to as the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, which is represented by IFD _main .

在一个可选的实施例中，非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波也可以为空子载波。In an optional embodiment, the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot subcarriers are respectively adjacent to the left and right subcarriers of the mirror subcarriers. The wave can also be an empty subcarrier.

相应地，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波，所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离，可以包括：Correspondingly, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, the ICI extension length is κ subcarriers, and the MTI extension length is ι subcarriers, and is determined according to the ICI extension length and the MTI extension length. Non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, which can include:

根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计等效信道增益的第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)。Determining a first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main =max(κ+1, 2ι) for estimating an equivalent channel gain according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers +2).

继而，根据***的等效信道相干带宽

和第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main，可以生成导频序列。如果非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，由于在信道相干带宽内信道基本不变，因此，通过一个符号可以满足信道估计的需求。否则，需要多个导频符号进行联合估计，使得联合后的相邻非零导频间隔小于或等于等效信道相干带宽。Equivalent channel coherence bandwidth according to the system

And a first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main , which can generate a pilot sequence. If the pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, since the channel is substantially unchanged within the channel coherence bandwidth, the channel estimation requirement can be satisfied by one symbol. Otherwise, multiple pilot symbols are needed for joint estimation such that the combined adjacent non-zero pilot spacing is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth.

图11和图12示出的为第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案，用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数，或用于估计等效信道增益及估计ICI系数和MTI系数。图11对应的ICI扩展长度κ＝1，MTI扩展长度ι＝0。图12对应的ICI扩展长度κ＝1，MTI扩展长度ι＝1。11 and 12 show a second set of designs and a third set of designs for estimating ICI coefficients and MTI coefficients, or for estimating equivalent channel gains and estimating ICI coefficients and MTI coefficients. The corresponding ICI extension length κ=1 in FIG. 11 and the MTI extension length ι=0. The corresponding ICI extension length κ=1, and the MTI extension length ι=1.

具体地，可以在非零导频之间***2κ+2ι+1个零导频，使得非零导频的ICI和MTI被减弱，并且不受ICI和MTI扩展的影响。2κ+2ι+2称为抗ICI和MTI的非零导频最小抗干扰距离，也可以称为第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，用IFD_ICI,MTI表示。Specifically, 2κ+2ι+1 zero pilots can be inserted between non-zero pilots such that ICI and MTI of non-zero pilots are attenuated and are not affected by ICI and MTI extension. 2κ+2ι+2 is called the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance against ICI and MTI, and can also be called the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, expressed by IFD _{ICI, MTI} .

第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案与第一组设计方案的差别在于，第一组设计方案中导频间隔的选择只需要保证ICI扩展和MTI扩展不干扰非零导频，ICI和MTI可能会重合。而第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案中导频间隔的选择原则除了保证ICI扩展和MTI扩展不干扰非零导频，还需要满足ICI扩展和MTI扩展之间互相不干扰，这样才能较准确的估计出ICI及MTI。因此，以导频间隔等于非零导频最小抗干扰距离来设计导频序列时，第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案的非零导频的导频间隔大于第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案。以导频间隔大于非零导频最小抗干扰距离来设计导频序列时，第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案。The difference between the second set of design schemes and the third set of design schemes is that the selection of pilot intervals in the first set of design schemes only needs to ensure that ICI extension and MTI extension do not interfere with non-zero pilots, ICI and MTI. May coincide. In addition to ensuring that ICI extension and MTI extension do not interfere with non-zero pilots, the principle of selection of pilot spacing in the second set of design schemes and the third set of design schemes also needs to satisfy the mutual interference between ICI extension and MTI extension. Accurately estimate ICI and MTI. Therefore, when the pilot sequence is designed with the pilot interval equal to the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot, the pilot intervals of the non-zero pilots of the second set of design schemes and the third set of design schemes are larger than the second set of design schemes and the first Three sets of design options. When the pilot sequence is designed with the pilot interval greater than the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot, the pilot interval of the non-zero pilot of the second set of design schemes and the third set of design schemes is greater than or equal to the second set of design schemes and the Three sets of design options.

相应地，所述导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。第二阈值可以是根据***对干扰的容忍程度确定的。具体而言，通过参考***中存在的干扰的扩展长度可以设计导频间隔，使之符合干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。Correspondingly, the pilot sequence is configured to estimate at least two types of interference in a radio frequency distortion condition, the pilot interval causing the influence of the at least two types of interference on a non-zero pilot to be less than a first threshold, and the pilot The spacing is such that the effects of the at least two disturbances are less than a second threshold. The second threshold may be determined based on the degree of tolerance of the system to interference. Specifically, the pilot interval can be designed by referring to the extended length of the interference existing in the system so that the interference between the interferences is less than the second threshold.

第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案的区别在于，第二组设计方案用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数，第三组设计方案用于估计等效信道增益及估计ICI系数和MTI系数。第二组设计方案中在发送所述导频序列的符号上，还发送数据信号。相应地，发送导频序列，可以包括：在符号上发送该导频序列；方法500还包括：在该符号上还发送数据信号。The second set of designs differs from the third set of designs in that the second set of designs is used to estimate the ICI coefficients and the MTI coefficients, and the third set of designs is used to estimate the equivalent channel gain and estimate the ICI coefficients and MTI coefficients. In the second set of designs, the data signal is also transmitted on the symbol transmitting the pilot sequence. Accordingly, transmitting the pilot sequence can include transmitting the pilot sequence on a symbol; the method 500 further comprising: transmitting a data signal on the symbol.

针对第二组设计方案和第三组设计方案，所述根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离，可以包括： For determining the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the ICI extended length and the MTI extended length, the second set of design schemes and the third set of design schemes may include:

根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计ICI和MTI的第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI＝2(κ+ι+1)。Determining a second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _ICI for estimating ICI and MTI according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers _{, MTI} = 2 (κ+ι+ 1).

图13示出了利用本申请实施例的导频序列设计(图11的设计)下，RFD对各个子载波的影响的示意图。由图13可以看出，非零导频基本未受到来自其他导频的ICI和MTI的影响，从而可以用于估计等效信道增益；零导频则用于传输ICI和MTI的信息，从而可以用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the effect of RFD on each subcarrier under the pilot sequence design (design of FIG. 11) of the embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from Figure 13, the non-zero pilot is basically unaffected by the ICI and MTI from other pilots, so that it can be used to estimate the equivalent channel gain; the zero pilot is used to transmit ICI and MTI information, so that Used to estimate ICI coefficients and MTI coefficients.

第四组设计方案可以将第一组设计方案和第二组设计方案相结合。此时，所述导频序列包括第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第一导频间隔，所述第二类导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第二导频间隔，所述根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：The fourth set of designs can combine the first set of designs with the second set of designs. In this case, the pilot sequence includes a first type of pilot sequence and a second type of pilot sequence, where the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, and any two of the first type of pilot sequences. The pilot intervals of the adjacent non-zero pilots are the first pilot intervals, and the second type of pilot sequences are used to estimate at least two types of interference in the radio frequency distortion condition, and any of the second type of pilot sequences The pilot interval of two adjacent non-zero pilots is a second pilot interval, and the generating the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval includes:

生成所述第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列根据所述第一导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽生成，所述第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；Generating the first type of pilot sequence, the first type of pilot sequence being generated according to the first pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, the first pilot interval causing interference to non-zero pilots The impact is less than the first threshold;

生成所述第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列根据所述第二导频间隔生成，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；Generating the second type of pilot sequence, the second type of pilot sequence is generated according to the second pilot interval, and the second of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence The pilot interval is such that the influence of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold;

所述发送所述导频序列，包括：The transmitting the pilot sequence includes:

在第一类符号上发送所述第一类导频序列；Transmitting the first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol;

在第二类符号上发送所述第二类导频序列。The second type of pilot sequence is transmitted on a second type of symbol.

或者，换而言之，所述导频序列包括第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第一导频间隔，所述第二类导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第二导频间隔，所述根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：生成所述第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列根据***的等效信道相干带宽生成，所述第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的干扰小于第一阈值；生成所述第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；所述发送所述导频序列，包括：在第一类符号上发送所述第一类导频序列；在第二类符号上发送所述第二类导频序列。Or, in other words, the pilot sequence includes a first type of pilot sequence and a second type of pilot sequence, the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, the first type of pilot a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the sequence is a first pilot interval, and the second type of pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference in a radio frequency distortion condition, the second type of pilot The pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the frequency sequence is a second pilot interval, and the generating the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval includes: generating the first type of pilot sequence The first type of pilot sequence is generated according to an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, the first pilot interval is such that the interference of the interference to the non-zero pilot is smaller than the first threshold; and the second type of pilot sequence is generated. The second pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence causes interference to have a lesser impact on the non-zero pilot than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval causes the At least two interferences have an influence on each other that is less than a second threshold; Pilot sequence, comprising: a first type in the first type symbol transmitted pilot sequence; second type symbol on the second transmit pilot type sequence.

其中，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，以及用于估计ICI和MTI，所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波，所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，根据所述ICI扩展长度和所述MTI扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离，可以包括：The pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, and is used to estimate ICI and MTI, the ICI extension length is κ subcarriers, and the MTI extension length is ι subcarriers, according to the ICI extension length and The MTI extended length, determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, may include:

根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计等效信道增益的第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)；Determining a first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main =max(κ+1, 2ι) for estimating an equivalent channel gain according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers +2);

根据所述ICI扩展长度为κ个子载波和所述MTI扩展长度为ι个子载波，确定用于估计ICI和MTI的第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI＝2(κ+ι+1)。 Determining a second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _ICI for estimating ICI and MTI according to the ICI extension length being κ subcarriers and the MTI extension length being ι subcarriers _{, MTI} = 2 (κ+ι+ 1).

应理解，本申请各实施例中，形成导频序列可以有多种，其中一种为导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。具体在下文中的例子中说明。It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, there may be multiple types of pilot sequences formed, one of which is a pilot sequence generated by a plurality of basic pilot units, and the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot. . This is illustrated in the examples below.

下面对各个导频序列设计方案进行详细的介绍。The following is a detailed introduction to each pilot sequence design.

第一组设计方案可以详细分为以下几种场景。其中一种场景为***具有单数字通道，根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离。The first set of designs can be divided into the following scenarios in detail. One of the scenarios is that the system has a single digital channel, and generating a pilot sequence according to the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot may include: if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to The effective channel coherent bandwidth, the pilot sequence is generated on one symbol, and the pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than Or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

具体而言，本申请实施例针对具有单数字通道(即只有1个数字模拟转换(Digital to Analog Convert，DAC)和模拟数字转换(Analog to Digital convert，ADC)通道)的***。归一化的等效信道相干带宽为

的场景下，在一个符号上生成导频序列，非零导频索引集合可以表示为：In particular, embodiments of the present application are directed to systems having a single digital channel (ie, only one digital to analog convert (DAC) and analog to digital convert (ADC) channel). The normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth is

In the scenario, a pilot sequence is generated on one symbol, and the non-zero pilot index set can be expressed as:

或

or

其中，导频间隔可以设置为D＝IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)，

(即非零导频所在子载波的镜像位置的子载波为空子载波)。此外，当

G为非负整数时，对任意满足0≤g≤G的整数g，可以设置D＝IFD_main+g，本申请实施例对此不作限定。Wherein, the pilot interval can be set to D=IFD _main =max(κ+1, 2ι+2),

(ie, the subcarrier of the mirror position of the subcarrier where the non-zero pilot is located is an empty subcarrier). In addition, when

When G is a non-negative integer, D=IFD _main +g can be set for an integer g that satisfies 0 ≤ g ≤ G, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

图14为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，D＝IFD_main＝3,l₁＝1，N_L和N_R均为84。因此，直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在本例子中，不使用直流子载波，直流子载波在图中用虚线表示。从图14中可以看出，非零导频与ICI的扩展及MTI的扩展是分开的。在本例子中，非零导频在有效频带上是等间隔分布的，并且任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔不大于等效信道相干带宽，保证了频域选择性信道增益的估计的可靠性。14 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ=2, ι=0, D=IFD _main =3, l ₁ =1, and N _L and N _R are both 84. Therefore, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are respectively

with

In this example, the DC subcarriers are not used and the DC subcarriers are indicated by dashed lines in the figure. As can be seen from Figure 14, the non-zero pilot is separate from the extension of the ICI and the extension of the MTI. In this example, the non-zero pilots are equally spaced over the effective frequency band, and the pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots is not greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, ensuring frequency domain selective channel gain. Estimated reliability.

此外，导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main即可，并不要求非零导频在有效频带上是等间隔分布的。在本申请所有具体的例子中，直流子载波都不使用，并在图中用虚线表示，但本申请实施例对是否使用直流子载波不作限定，文中他处不再赘述。In addition, the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence may be greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main , and the non-zero pilot is not required to be on the effective frequency band. They are equally spaced. In all the specific examples of the present application, the DC subcarriers are not used, and are indicated by a broken line in the figure, but the embodiment of the present application does not limit whether to use the DC subcarrier, and no further description is provided herein.

其中另一种场景为***具有单数字通道，根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在M个符号上生成M个导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述M个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，其中，M为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整。Another scenario is that the system has a single digital channel, and generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the Equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, M pilot sequences are generated on M symbols, and pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot The minimum anti-interference distance, the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two of the M pilot sequences are different, wherein M is rounded to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth.

具体而言，本申请实施例针对具有单数字通道的***。归一化的等效信道相干带宽为

的场景下，该数字通道需在连续的M个符号上生成并发送导频序列，其中，M为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，即

第一个符号(m＝1)上的导频序列的设计可以沿用上一例子(图14)中的设计。基于符号m＝1上的非零导频索引集合，可以确定符号m＝2,...,M上的非零导频索引集合。第m个导频OFDM符号的非零导频索引集合可以表示为：In particular, embodiments of the present application are directed to systems having a single digital channel. The normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth is

In the scenario, the digital channel needs to generate and transmit a pilot sequence on consecutive M symbols, where M is rounded to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, ie

The design of the pilot sequence on the first symbol (m = 1) can follow the design in the previous example (Fig. 14). Based on the set of non-zero pilot indices on the symbol m=1, a set of non-zero pilot indices on the symbol m=2, . . . , M can be determined. The set of non-zero pilot indices of the mth pilot OFDM symbol can be expressed as:

如果

或

in case

or

如果

in case

其中，D如图14的例子所定义，β的选择满足

表示向下取整。Where D is as defined in the example of Figure 14, and the choice of β is satisfied.

Indicates rounding down.

图15为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，D＝IFD_main＝3,

l₁＝1，N_L和N_R均为84。因此，在符号1上(即m＝1的符号上)直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号2上(即m＝2的符号上)直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

两个符号上两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，因为本例子中

因此需要使用两个符号上的导频序列联合进行等效信道增益的估计。Figure 15 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ = 2, ι = 0, D = IFD _main = 3,

l ₁ =1, N _L and N _R are both 84. Therefore, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 1 (ie, the symbol of m=1) are

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 2 (ie, the symbol of m=2) are

with

The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of the two pilot sequences on the two symbols are different, because in this example

Therefore, it is necessary to use the pilot sequences on the two symbols in combination to estimate the equivalent channel gain.

其中另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main的K倍小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成K个导频序列，所述K个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another scenario is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: if the first non-zero pilot The K times of the minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and K pilot sequences are generated on one symbol, and any two adjacent ones of the pilot sequences in the K pilot sequences The pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any two pilots of the K pilot sequences The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of the sequence are different.

具体而言，本申请实施例针对具有K个数字通道的***。归一化的等效信道相干带宽为

的场景下，在一个符号上生成并发送导频序列。该符号上的导频序列的设计可以类似于图14的例子中的设计。该导频OFDM符号的非零导频索引集合可以表示为：In particular, embodiments of the present application are directed to systems having K digital channels. The normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth is

In the scenario, a pilot sequence is generated and transmitted on one symbol. The design of the pilot sequence on this symbol can be similar to the design in the example of Figure 14. The set of non-zero pilot indices of the pilot OFDM symbol can be expressed as:

以及

as well as

其中，k＝2,3,...K；或

Where k=2,3,...K; or

以及

as well as

其中，k＝2,3,...K。

Where k = 2, 3, ... K.

其中，D＝IFD_main＝max(κ+1,2ι+2)，D'＝KD，

和

即所有通道所有非零导频所在子载波的镜像位置都为空子载波。此外，当

G为非负整数时，对任意满足0≤g≤G的整数g，可以设置D＝IFD_main+g，本申请实施例对此不作限定。Where D=IFD _main =max(κ+1,2ι+2), D'=KD,

with

That is, the mirror positions of all subcarriers where all non-zero pilots are located in all channels are empty subcarriers. In addition, when

图16为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，D＝IFD_main＝3，l₁＝1，N_L和N_R均为84，K＝2。两个数字通道采用同一个符号发送导频序列。为了表达的清晰性，将对两个数字通道分开示意。对于第一个数字通道，直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

对于第二个数字通道，直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

16 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ=2, ι=0, D=IFD _main =3, l ₁ =1, N _L and N _R are both 84 and K=2. The two digital channels use the same symbol to transmit the pilot sequence. For clarity of expression, the two digital channels will be shown separately. For the first digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are

with

For the second digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are

with

从图16中可以看出，非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展是分开的。在本例子中，非零导频在有效频带上是等间隔分布的，并且任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔不大于等效信道相干带宽，保证了频域选择性信道增益的估计的可靠性。As can be seen from Figure 16, the non-zero pilot is separate from the ICI extension and the MTI extension. In this example, the non-zero pilots are equally spaced over the effective frequency band, and the pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots is not greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, ensuring frequency domain selective channel gain. Estimated reliability.

其中另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main的K倍大于所述等效信道相干带宽，且所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，在N个符号上生成K个导频序列，其中，N小于或等于K，第n个符号上生成K_n个导频序列，n的取值为1,2,...,N，K_n小于或等于K₀，K₀为对等效信道相干带宽/IFD_main下取整，所述第n个符号上的K_n个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第n个符号上的K_n个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another scenario is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: if the first non-zero pilot The K times of the minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main is greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and is generated on N symbols K pilot sequences, where N is less than or equal to K, and k _n pilot sequences are generated on the nth symbol, and the values of n are 1, 2, ..., N, K _{n is} less than or equal to K ₀ , K ₀ is a rounding of the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth / IFD _main , and the prediction of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in each of the K _n pilot sequences on the _nth symbol The frequency interval is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and any two of the K _n pilot sequences on the _nth symbol The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of the frequency sequence are different.

具体而言，本申请实施例针对具有K个数字通道的***。归一化的等效信道相干带宽满足

的场景下，在N个符号上生成K个导频序列。首先确定每个符号上可以承载的数字通道的导频的最大值K₀，K₀为对等效信道相干带宽/IFD_main下取整，即

定义正整数集{K_n}，其中，K_n≤K₀，且K₁+K₂+...+K_N＝K。本申请实施例需要N个符号发送导频序列，符号n(Sym n)承载K_n个数字通道的导频序列。所述第n个符号上的K_n个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第n个符号上的K_n个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。In particular, embodiments of the present application are directed to systems having K digital channels. Normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth is satisfied

In the scenario, K pilot sequences are generated on N symbols. First, each symbol is determined on the digital channel can carry a maximum value K ₀ pilot, K ₀ is equivalent to the bandwidth of the channel coherence / IFD _main rounding, i.e.,

A positive integer set {K _n } is defined, where K _n ≤ K ₀ and K ₁ + K ₂ +... + K _N = K. The embodiment of the present application requires N symbols to transmit a pilot sequence, and the symbol n (Sym n) carries a pilot sequence of K _n digital channels. a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in each of the K _n pilot sequences on the nth symbol is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and is greater than or Equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two of the K _n pilot sequences on the nth symbol are different.

在本例子中，从节省开销的角度，N越小越好，并且可以尽量将导频序列集中在序号较小的符号上，例如K_n≤K_n-1。具体地，如K₀＝2，K＝5，则可以有N＝3，K₁＝2,K₂＝2,K₃＝1。In this example, from the perspective of cost saving, the smaller N is, the better, and the pilot sequence can be concentrated on the symbol with a smaller sequence number, for example, K _n ≤ K _n-1 . Specifically, if K ₀ = 2 and K = 5, there may be N = 3, K ₁ = 2, K ₂ = 2, and K ₃ = 1.

图17为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，K₀＝2，

K＝4，D＝IFD_main＝3，l₁＝1，N_L和N_R均为84，N＝2。对于任一个符号(例如Sym n)，其导频序列设计可以参考图16的例子的设计，其中，K₀＝2，K＝4，K₁＝2，K₂＝2。对于第一个符号，可以承载2个通道的导频序列，其中，第1个通道在直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

第2个通道在直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

对于第二个符号，可以承载2个通道的导频序列，其中，第3个通道在直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

第4个通道在直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

Figure 17 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ = 2, ι = 0, K ₀ = 2,

K=4, D=IFD _main = 3, l ₁ =1, N _L and N _R are both 84, N=2. For any symbol (e.g., Sym n), the pilot sequence design can refer to the design of the example of Figure 16, where K ₀ = 2, K = 4, K ₁ = 2, and K ₂ = 2. For the first symbol, a pilot sequence of 2 channels can be carried, wherein the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier of the first channel are respectively

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier of the second channel are respectively

with

For the second symbol, a pilot sequence of 2 channels can be carried, wherein the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier of the third channel are respectively

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier of the fourth channel are respectively

with

其中另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在MK个符号上生成MK个导频序列，每个数字通道在M个符号上生成M个导频序列，其中，M为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，每个数字通道的所述M个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another scenario is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: if the first non-zero pilot The minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and MK pilot sequences are generated on MK symbols, and each digital channel generates M pilot sequences on M symbols, where M is the pair IFD _main /the equivalent channel coherent bandwidth is rounded, the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in each pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, each digital channel The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two of the M pilot sequences are different.

的场景下，每个数字通道需在连续的M个符号上生成并发送导频序列，其中，M为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，即

因此，K个数字通道需要在MK个符号上生成MK个导频序列。每个数字通道的设计可以类似于图15的例子。In particular, embodiments of the present application are directed to systems having K digital channels. Normalized equivalent channel coherence bandwidth is satisfied

In the scenario, each digital channel needs to generate and transmit a pilot sequence on consecutive M symbols, where M is rounded to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, ie

Therefore, K digital channels need to generate MK pilot sequences on MK symbols. The design of each digital channel can be similar to the example of FIG.

图18为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，

K＝2，D＝IFD_main＝3，l₁＝1，N_L和N_R均为84，M＝2。对于第1个数字通道，在符号1上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号2上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

对于第2个数字通道，在符号3上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号4上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

FIG. 18 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0,

K = 2, D = IFD _main = 3, l ₁ =1, N _L and N _R are both 84, M = 2. For the first digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 1 are

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 2 are respectively

with

For the second digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right of the DC subcarrier on symbol 3 are

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 4 are respectively

with

第二组设计方案中，第二类导频序列用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数，在一个符号上同时发送导频(包括非零导频和空导频)和数据，即在发送所述导频序列的符号上，还发送数据信号。为了较准确的估计ICI系数及MTI系数，导频间隔的选择原则为保证ICI扩展和MTI扩展不干扰非零导频，同时满足ICI扩展和MTI扩展之间互相不干扰，因此需要在非零导频之间***2κ+2ι+1个空导频。In the second set of design schemes, the second type of pilot sequence is used to estimate the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient, and the pilot (including non-zero pilot and null pilot) and data are simultaneously transmitted on one symbol, that is, the pilot is transmitted. On the symbol of the frequency sequence, a data signal is also transmitted. In order to accurately estimate the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient, the pilot interval selection principle is to ensure that the ICI extension and the MTI extension do not interfere with the non-zero pilot, while satisfying the mutual interference between the ICI extension and the MTI extension, and therefore need to be non-zero-guided. Insert 2κ+2ι+1 null pilots between the frequencies.

在本申请实施例中，导频序列可以由基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频，两个所述基本导频单元级联时，两个所述基本导频单元中的两个非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。In this embodiment of the present application, the pilot sequence may be generated by a basic pilot unit cascaded, where the basic pilot unit includes one non-zero pilot, and when the two basic pilot units are cascaded, two of the foregoing The pilot spacing of the two non-zero pilots in the basic pilot unit is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

具体地，可以定义两种基本导频单元，基本导频单元一：p₁＝[0_1×κ,1,0_1×κ,0_1×2ι+1]，基本导频单元二：p₂＝[0_1×2ι+1,0_1×κ,1,0_1×κ]，在基本导频单元中，1代表非零导频，0代表空导频。当然还可以对基本导频单元进行其他的设计，例如基本导频单元中可以包括更多个数的0，即零导频，本申请实施例对基本导频单元的形式不作限定。在下文的描述中可以任选一种基本导频单元，描述时以符号p进行说明。Specifically, two basic pilot units can be defined, the basic pilot unit one: p ₁ =[0 _1×κ , 1, 0 _1×κ , 0 _1×2ι+1 ], and the basic pilot unit 2: p ₂ =[0 _1×2ι+1 , 0 _1×κ , 1, 0 _1×κ ], in the basic pilot unit, 1 represents a non-zero pilot, and 0 represents a null pilot. It is of course possible to perform other design on the basic pilot unit. For example, the basic pilot unit may include a greater number of zeros, that is, zero pilot. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the form of the basic pilot unit. A basic pilot unit may be optionally selected in the following description, which is described by the symbol p.

第二组设计方案可以详细分为以下几种场景。其中一种场景为***具有单数字通道，根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述导频序列的长度小于或等于一个符号上导频可用信道带宽，在一个符号的直流载波的左侧的连续子载波组和右侧的连续子载波组上分别生成包括V个非零导频的导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，其中，V大于1。V的大小可以根据符号上导频可用信道带宽确定。V越大，对干扰的估计越准确。The second set of design schemes can be divided into the following scenarios in detail. One of the scenarios is that the system has a single digital channel, and generating a pilot sequence according to the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot may include: if the pilot sequence The length of the pilot is less than or equal to the pilot available channel bandwidth, and a pilot sequence including V non-zero pilots is generated on the contiguous subcarrier group on the left side of the DC carrier of one symbol and the contiguous subcarrier group on the right side, respectively. And a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, where V is greater than 1. The size of V can be determined based on the available channel bandwidth of the pilot on the symbol. The larger V, the more accurate the estimate of interference.

针对单数字通道***的场景。假设导频符号有2V个非零导频，直流子载波的左边和右边分别有V个，分别用

表示，其中

表示克罗内克(Kronecker)积，p为上文中的基本导频单元。该设计保证了非零导频之间有2κ+2ι+1个空导频的需求。直流子载波右边的非零导频集合用p^R表示，可以从

获取，直流子载波左边的非零导频集合用p^L表示，可以从

获取。对于基本导频单元一，有

对于基本导频单元二，有

A scenario for a single digital channel system. Suppose the pilot symbol has 2V non-zero pilots, and there are V left and right sides of the DC subcarrier, respectively.

Said that

Represents the Kronecker product, p is the basic pilot unit above. This design guarantees the requirement of 2κ+2ι+1 null pilots between non-zero pilots. The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is denoted by p ^R and can be derived from

Obtain, the non-zero pilot set to the left of the DC subcarrier is denoted by p ^L and can be obtained from

Obtain. For the basic pilot unit one, there is

For the basic pilot unit two, there is

通常，p^R和p^L可以放在任何两个满足以上条件的连续子载波组上。如果最左边或最右边的空导频0_1×κ与边带空子载波或者直流子载波旁边的空子载波相连，那么该空导频0_1×κ可以省略。In general, p ^R and p ^L can be placed on any two consecutive subcarrier groups that satisfy the above conditions. If the leftmost or rightmost null pilot 0 _{1×κ is} connected to the null subcarrier next to the sideband null subcarrier or the DC subcarrier, the null pilot 0 _1×κ may be omitted.

图19为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中κ＝2，ι＝0，2V＝4，基本导频单元采用基本导频单元一。因此，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

如此设计使得非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展被减弱，可以保证数据和导频不受ICI和MTI的干扰。FIG. 19 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0, 2V=4, and the basic pilot unit uses the basic pilot unit one. Therefore, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

This design allows non-zero pilot and ICI expansion and MTI extension to be attenuated, ensuring that data and pilots are not interfered with by ICI and MTI.

其中另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果K个数字通道的导频序列的总长度小于或等于一个符号上导频可用信道带宽，在一个符号上生成K个导频序列，所述K个导频序列中每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another scenario is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: if the K digital channels are guided The total length of the frequency sequence is less than or equal to the pilot available channel bandwidth on one symbol, and K pilot sequences are generated on one symbol, and any two adjacent non-zeros in each of the K pilot sequences The pilot interval of the pilot is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two of the K pilot sequences are different.

针对K个具有数字通道的***，在满足条件2(κ+ι+1)VK+2κ<min(N_L,N_R)或2(κ+ι+1)VK+K+2κ<min(N_L,N_R)，符号上同时发送有数据的场景下，对于每一个数字通道的导频序列，都可以采用类似上述2V个非零导频的设计(即图19的例子的设计)。For K systems with digital channels, satisfy the condition 2(κ+ι+1)VK+2κ<min(N _L ,N _R ) or 2(κ+ι+1)VK+K+2κ<min(N _L , N _R ), in the case where data is simultaneously transmitted on the symbol, a design similar to the above 2V non-zero pilots (ie, the design of the example of FIG. 19) can be used for the pilot sequence of each digital channel.

定义其中p代表两种基本导频单元的任意一种。非零导频集合p^R,(k)和p^L,(k)分别用

和

表示，对于基本导频单元一有

对于基本导频单元二有

导频向量{p^R,(k)}可以是[p^R,(1),p^R,(2),...,p^R,(K)]的级联，也可以是加入若干个空子载波(例如一个空子载波)的级联如[p^R,(1),0,p^R,(2),0,...,p^R,(K-1),0,p^R,(K)]。definition Where p represents any of the two basic pilot units. Non-zero pilot sets p ^{R, (k)} and p ^{L, (k)} respectively

with

Said that for the basic pilot unit one has

For the basic pilot unit two

The pilot vector {p ^R,(k) } may be a cascade of [p ^R,(1) , p ^R,(2) ,...,p ^R,(K) ], or may be added with several spaces. The concatenation of carriers (eg, a null subcarrier) such as [p ^R,(1) , 0,p ^R,(2) , 0,...,p ^R,(K-1) ,0,p ^{R,(K )} ].

对于不同的数字通道，其非零导频索引集合有以下相关关系：

(基本导频单元直接级联的情况)，或

(基本导频单元间加入一个空子载波的情况)。直流子载波右边的非零导频集合用p^R表示，可以从

获取，直流子载波左边的非零导频集合用p^L表示，可以从

获取。对于基本导频单元一，有

对于基本导频单元二，有

应理解，这里n表示符号n，在本申请实施例中仅占用一个符号，下角标处的n可以省略。For different digital channels, the non-zero pilot index set has the following correlation:

(in the case where the basic pilot unit is directly cascaded), or

(In the case of adding an empty subcarrier between basic pilot units). The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is denoted by p ^R and can be derived from

Obtain. For the basic pilot unit one, there is

For the basic pilot unit two, there is

It should be understood that n denotes the symbol n, and only one symbol is occupied in the embodiment of the present application, and n at the lower corner can be omitted.

如果最左边或最右边的空导频0_1×κ与边带空子载波或者直流子载波旁边的空子载波相连，那么该空导频0_1×κ可以省略。If the leftmost or rightmost null pilot 0 _{1×κ is} connected to the null subcarrier next to the sideband null subcarrier or the DC subcarrier, the null pilot 0 _1×κ may be omitted.

图20为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中κ＝2，ι＝0，K＝2个数字信道，每个数字通道包含2V＝4个非零导频，两个数字通道的导频之间采用直接级联的模式。两个数字通道在时间上使用相同的导频符号。因此，针对第一个数字通道，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

针对第二个数字通道，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

如此设计使得非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展被减弱，可以保证数据和导频不受ICI和MTI的干扰。20 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0, K=2 digital channels, each digital channel includes 2V=4 non-zero pilots, pilots of two digital channels A direct cascading mode is used. The two digital channels use the same pilot symbols in time. Therefore, for the first digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

For the second digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

在本场景的另外一种情况下，即仍是在针对K个数字通道***，一个导频符号可以满足所有K个数字通道导频的场景中，符号上不发送数据的情况下。假设每个数字通道使用2V个非零导频。本申请实施例应用于以下条件：2(κ+ι+1)VK<min(N_L,N_R)(基本导频单元直接级联的情况)，或2(κ+ι+1)VK+K<min(N_L,N_R)(基本导频单元间加入空子载波的情况)。具体设计与发送数据的情况相类似。 In another case of this scenario, that is, in the case where one pilot symbol can satisfy all K digital channel pilots for K digital channel systems, no data is transmitted on the symbol. Assume that each digital channel uses 2V non-zero pilots. The embodiment of the present application is applied to the following conditions: 2(κ+ι+1)VK<min(N _L , N _R ) (in the case where the basic pilot unit is directly cascaded), or 2(κ+ι+1)VK+ K<min(N _L , N _R ) (in the case where a null subcarrier is added between basic pilot units). The specific design is similar to the case of sending data.

图21为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中κ＝2，ι＝0，K＝3个数字信道，每个数字通道包含2V＝8个非零导频，不同数字通道的导频向量{p^R,(k),p^L,(k)}通过5个空载波分离开。因此，针对第一个数字通道，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为p^L,(1)；直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为p^R,(1)。针对第二个数字通道，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为p^L,(2)；直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为p^R,(2)。针对第三个数字通道，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为p^L,(3)；直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为p^R,(3)。如此设计使得非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展被减弱，可以保证数据和导频不受ICI和MTI的干扰。FIG. 21 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0, K=3 digital channels, each digital channel includes 2V=8 non-zero pilots, pilot vectors of different digital channels {p ^R,(k) , p ^L,(k) } is separated by 5 empty carriers. Therefore, for the first digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is p ^{L, (1)} ; the set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is p ^{R, (1)} . For the second digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is p ^{L, (2)} ; the set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is p ^{R, (2)} . For the third digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is p ^{L, (3)} ; the set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is p ^{R, (3)} . This design allows non-zero pilot and ICI expansion and MTI extension to be attenuated, ensuring that data and pilots are not interfered with by ICI and MTI.

其中另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果K个数字通道的导频序列的总长度大于一个符号上导频可用信道带宽，在T个符号上生成K个导频序列，其中，T小于或等于K，第t个符号的导频可用信道带宽上生成K_t个导频序列，t的取值为1,2,...,T，K_t小于或等于K'₀，一个符号最多可传输K'₀个数字通道的导频序列，所述K个导频序列中每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第t个符号上的K_t个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another scenario is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: if the K digital channels are guided The total length of the frequency sequence is greater than the pilot available channel bandwidth on one symbol, and K pilot sequences are generated on T symbols, where T is less than or equal to K, and the pilot of the t-th symbol can generate K _t over the available channel bandwidth. The pilot sequence, where t has a value of 1, 2, ..., T, K _{t is} less than or equal to K' ₀ , a symbol can transmit a pilot sequence of up to K' ₀ digital channels, the K pilots a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in each pilot sequence in the sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and K _t guides on the t-th symbol The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the frequency sequence are different.

本申请实施例是针对具有K个数字通道的***，一个导频符号无法满足所有K个数字通道导频的场景。假设每个数字通道使用2V个非零导频，1个导频符号最多可以为K'₀个数字通道提供导频，其他子载波用来传输数据，因此，共需要

个符号承载导频，其中第t个符号为K_t数字通道提供导频，K₁+K₂+...+K_T＝K，K_t≤K'₀。对于每一个导频符号，采用图20类似的设计。The embodiment of the present application is directed to a system with K digital channels, where one pilot symbol cannot satisfy all K digital channel pilots. Assuming that each digital channel using pilot 2V nonzero, a pilot symbol may be provided up to the pilot to K _'0 digital channels, the other subcarriers used to transmit data, therefore, a total of

The symbols carry pilots, where the tth symbol provides a pilot for the K _t digital channel, K ₁ +K ₂ +...+K _T =K, K _t ≤K' ₀ . For each pilot symbol, a similar design to that of Figure 20 is employed.

图22为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中κ＝2，ι＝0，K＝4个数字信道，每个数字通道包含2V＝4个非零导频，每个导频符号为2个数字通道的设置导频。每个数字通道在符号上导频序列的设计如图22所示，在符号1上设计第一个数字通道的导频序列，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

在符号1上设计第二个数字通道的导频序列，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

在符号2上设计第三个数字通道的导频序列，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

在符号2上设计第四个数字通道的导频序列，直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

如此设计使得非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展被减弱，可以保证数据和导频不受ICI和MTI的干扰。FIG. 22 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0, K=4 digital channels, each digital channel includes 2V=4 non-zero pilots, and each pilot symbol is 2 Set the pilot for the digital channel. The design of the pilot sequence for each digital channel on the symbol is as shown in Fig. 22. The pilot sequence of the first digital channel is designed on symbol 1, and the set of non-zero pilots on the left side of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

Designing a pilot sequence for the second digital channel on symbol 1, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

Designing a pilot sequence for the third digital channel on symbol 2, the set of non-zero pilots to the left of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

Designing the pilot sequence of the fourth digital channel on symbol 2, the set of non-zero pilots on the left side of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

第三组设计方案中，第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益以及估计ICI系数和MTI系数，导频(包括非零导频和空导频)覆盖整个有效子载波范围。导频间隔的选择原则为保证ICI扩展和MTI扩展不干扰非零导频，同时满足ICI扩展和MTI扩展之间互相不干扰，因此需要在非零导频之间***2κ+2ι+1个空导频，这样，非零导频的ICI和MTI被减弱，并且不受ICI扩展和MTI扩展的影响。换而言之，发送设备在多个子载波上分别发送非零导频信号，任意两个相邻非零导频子载波之间至少有一个空子载波，该空子载波不发送信号，并且非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波也为一个空子载波。In the third set of designs, the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate the equivalent channel gain and estimate the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient, and the pilot (including non-zero pilot and null pilot) covers the entire effective subcarrier range. The pilot interval selection principle is to ensure that the ICI extension and the MTI extension do not interfere with the non-zero pilot, and that the ICI extension and the MTI extension do not interfere with each other, so it is necessary to insert 2κ+2ι+1 spaces between the non-zero pilots. Pilots, such that non-zero pilot ICI and MTI are attenuated and are not affected by ICI expansion and MTI expansion. In other words, the transmitting device separately transmits a non-zero pilot signal on multiple subcarriers, and at least one empty subcarrier between any two adjacent non-zero pilot subcarriers, the null subcarrier does not transmit a signal, and is not a zero pilot. The mirror subcarrier corresponding to the frequency subcarrier is also an empty subcarrier.

如果非零导频间的导频间隔小于或等于等效信道的相干带宽，由于在信道相干带宽内，信道基本不变，因此，通过一个符号可以满足信道估计的需求。否则，需要多个符号进行联合估计，使得联合后的相邻非零导频间隔小于或等于等效信道的相干带宽。If the pilot spacing between non-zero pilots is less than or equal to the coherent bandwidth of the equivalent channel, since the channel is substantially unchanged within the channel coherence bandwidth, the channel estimation requirement can be satisfied by one symbol. Otherwise, multiple symbols are needed for joint estimation such that the combined adjacent non-zero pilot spacing is less than or equal to the coherence bandwidth of the equivalent channel.

可以理解，第三组设计方案可以与第一组设计方案完全类似，只是将第一组设计方案中的第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main用第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI代替。 It can be understood that the third set of design schemes can be completely similar to the first set of design schemes, except that the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _main in the first set of design schemes uses the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance. IFD _{ICI, MTI} instead.

例如，具有单数字通道的***，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：For example, a system having a single digital channel, the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, including:

如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离；And if the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generating the pilot sequence on one symbol, any two adjacent ones of the pilot sequences The pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance;

如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在U个符号上分别生成U个导频序列，所述U个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，所述U个导频序列中的每个导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离其中，U为对IFD_ICI,MTI/等效信道相干带宽上取整。If the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, respectively generate U pilot sequences on the U symbols, and any two of the U pilot sequences The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of the pilot sequences are different, and the pilot spacing of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in each of the U pilot sequences is greater than or equal to the pilot interval. The second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, where U is rounded to the IFD _{ICI, MTI} / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth.

举一个具体的例子，本申请实施例针对单数字通道***，归一化等效信道相干带宽

IFD_ICI,MTI＝2(κ+ι+1)，ICI系数和MTI系数为时不变或时慢变的场景。对于非零导频索引集合J_NZP，定义ICI对应的子载波索引集合为J_ICI＝{J_NZP-κ,J_NZP-κ+1,…,J_NZP+κ}和MTI对应的子载波索引集合J_MTI＝J_mirror＝{J_NZPM-ι,J_NZPM-ι+1,...,J_NZPM+ι}。其中，导频设计需要满足

本设计可以应用基本导频单元p来设计(包括基本导频单元一p₁或基本导频单元二p₂)。对于直流子载波右边的导频设计，可以从第l₁(或l₁-1)个子载波开始重复p，直到最后一个有效子载波N_R。同理，直流子载波左边的导频设计，可以从第-l₁+β个子载波开始重复p，直到最后一个有效子载波-N_L。其中，对于第一类导频序列的导频设计，有

对于第二类导频序列的导频设计，任何没有使用的子载波都看作空子载波。As a specific example, the embodiment of the present application normalizes the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth for a single digital channel system.

IFD _{ICI, MTI} = 2 (κ + ι +1), the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient are time-invariant or time-varying scenarios. Non-zero pilot index set J _NZP, a subcarrier index is set corresponding to the defined ICI _{_{J ICI = {J NZP -κ,}} J NZP -κ + 1, ..., J NZP + κ} and MTI set corresponding to subcarrier index J _MTI =J _mirror ={J _NZPM -ι,J _NZPM -ι+1,...,J _NZPM +ι}. Among them, the pilot design needs to meet

This design can be designed using the basic pilot unit p (including the basic pilot unit-p ₁ or the basic pilot unit 2 p ₂ ). For the pilot design to the right of the DC subcarrier, p can be repeated from the l ₁ (or l ₁ -1) subcarriers until the last valid subcarrier N _R . Similarly, the left guide DC subcarrier frequency design, can be repeated from the first p -l ₁ + β subcarrier, until the last active subcarriers -N _L. Wherein, for the pilot design of the first type of pilot sequence, there is

For the pilot design of the second type of pilot sequence, any unused subcarriers are treated as empty subcarriers.

图23为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，N_L和N_R均为84，

可以发现，非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展被减弱，并且非零导频间距IFD_ICI,MTI＝6小于有效信道相干带宽。直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

FIG. 23 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ=2, ι=0, N _L and N _R are both 84,

It can be found that the non-zero pilot and ICI extension and MTI extension are attenuated, and the non-zero pilot spacing IFD _{ICI, MTI} = 6 is less than the effective channel coherence bandwidth. The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are respectively

with

针对具有单数字通道的***，有另外一种设计方案，该方案属于第四组设计方案。具体方法是根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，包括：在第一类符号上生成第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离；在所述第一类符号后的第二类符号上生成第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。For systems with a single digital channel, there is another design that belongs to the fourth set of designs. The specific method is to generate a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, including: generating a first type of pilot sequence on the first type of symbol, any two of the first type of pilot sequence a pilot interval of the adjacent non-zero pilot is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance; generating a first symbol on the second type of symbol after the first type of symbol And a second type of pilot sequence, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

具体地，如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个第一类符号上生成一个第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，且小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽；Specifically, if the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generate a first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol, the first type of pilot a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the sequence is greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, and less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth;

如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，在Y个符号上生成Y个第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述Y个第一类导频序列中的任意两个第一类导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，其中，Y为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整；If the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generate Y first type pilot sequences on Y symbols, any of the first type of pilot sequences a pilot interval of two adjacent non-zero pilots greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any two of the Y first-class pilot sequences The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots are different, wherein Y is rounded up on the coherent bandwidth of the IFD _main / equivalent channel;

在所述第一类符号后的第二类符号上生成第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Generating a second type of pilot sequence on the second type of symbol after the first type of symbol, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence is greater than or equal to The second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

应理解，本申请实施例适用于时不变或时慢变的ICI和MTI的场景及即时变化的ICI和MTI的场景时，设计也可以有所不同。两种场景下导频序列设计的不同之处在于一个传输帧内传输第二类导频序列的符号的个数。对于时时不变或时慢变的ICI和MTI场景，传输第一类导频序列的符号后面只需要一个传输第二类导频序列的符号；而对于即时变化的ICI和MTI的场景，即符号之间ICI系数和MTI系数变化明显的场景，传输第一类导频序列的符号后面的每一个符号都需要设置为传输第二类导频序列的符号。It should be understood that the design of the present application may be different when applied to scenes of ICI and MTI that are time-invariant or slow-changing, and scenes of ICI and MTI that change instantly. The difference in pilot sequence design in both scenarios is the number of symbols in the transmission frame that transmit the second type of pilot sequence. For ICI and MTI scenarios that change from time to time or from time to time, the symbols transmitting the first type of pilot sequence need only one symbol for transmitting the second type of pilot sequence; and for the scenes of ICI and MTI that change instantly, ie symbols In the scenario where the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient change significantly, each symbol following the symbol transmitting the first type of pilot sequence needs to be set to transmit the symbol of the second type of pilot sequence.

这是由于如果信道变化很慢，可以认为在一个传输帧中所有符号的等效信道是不变的，只需要通过一个符号就能计算出ICI和MTI，可以用同样的ICI和MTI对所有符号进行估计和补偿；如果信道变化很快，每个符号的信道都是时变的，所以每个符号都要分别进行ICI和MTI的估计和补偿。This is because if the channel changes very slowly, it can be considered that the equivalent channel of all symbols in a transmission frame is constant, only ICI and MTI can be calculated by one symbol, and all symbols can be used with the same ICI and MTI. Estimation and compensation are performed; if the channel changes very quickly, the channel of each symbol is time-varying, so each symbol is separately estimated and compensated for ICI and MTI.

图24示出了本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，

K＝1个数字通道，N_L和N_R均为84。第一个符号(符号1)为基于类似于图14的例子设计的传输第一类导频序列的符号，其中D＝IFD_main＝3,l₁＝1，符号1上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

第二个符号(符号2)为基于类似于图19的例子设计的传输第二类导频序列的符号，其中2V＝4个非零导频，符号2上直流子载波左侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

直流子载波右侧的非零导频的集合为

基本导频单元所占用的位置的集合为

FIG. 24 shows a specific example of the embodiment of the present application, wherein κ=2, ι=0,

K = 1 digital channel, N _L and N _R are both 84. The first symbol (symbol 1) is a symbol for transmitting a first type of pilot sequence based on an example similar to the example of Figure 14, where D = IFD _main = 3, l ₁ =1, the left side of the DC subcarrier on symbol 1 The set of non-zero pilots on the right side are

with

The second symbol (symbol 2) is a symbol for transmitting a second type of pilot sequence based on an example design similar to that of FIG. 19, where 2V=4 non-zero pilots, non-zero derivatives to the left of the DC subcarriers on symbol 2 The set of frequencies is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

The set of non-zero pilots to the right of the DC subcarrier is

The set of locations occupied by the basic pilot unit is

第三组设计方案的一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI的K倍小于或等于等效信道相干带宽，在一个符号上生成K个导频序列，所述K个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。A scenario of the third set of designs is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance may include: a second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _ICI, K times the _MTI being less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, generating K pilot sequences on one symbol, each pilot of the K pilot sequences a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the sequence is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the K pilots The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the sequence are different.

本申请实施例针对具有K个数字通道的***，归一化等效信道相干带宽

ICI系数和MTI系数为时不变或时慢变的场景。不同数字通道在同一个符号上发送导频序列，通过频分的方式区分开，即K个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，每个数字通道采用图24类似的单数字通道的设计。Embodiments of the present application normalize equivalent channel coherence bandwidth for systems with K digital channels

The ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient are scenes that are time-invariant or slow-changing. Different digital channels transmit pilot sequences on the same symbol and are distinguished by frequency division, that is, the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the K pilot sequences are different, and each digital channel A similar single digital channel design is used in Figure 24.

图25为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，

K＝2，N_L和N_R均为84。两个数字通道采用相同的符号分别发送导频。可以发现，非零导频与ICI扩展及MTI扩展被减弱，非零导频将不受ICI和MTI的影响，并且非零导频间距IFD_ICI,MTI小于有效信道相干带宽。对于第一个数字通道，直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

25 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0,

K = 2, N _L and N _R are both 84. The two digital channels use the same symbol to transmit pilots separately. It can be found that non-zero pilot and ICI extension and MTI extension are weakened, non-zero pilots will not be affected by ICI and MTI, and non-zero pilot spacing IFD _{ICI, MTI is} less than the effective channel coherence bandwidth. For the first digital channel, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are

with

第三组设计方案的另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI的K倍大于所述等效信道相干带宽，且所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，在W个符号上生成K个导频序列，其中，W小于或等于K，第w个符号上生成K_w个导频序列，w的取值为1,2,...,W，K_w小于或等于K”₀，K”₀为对等效信道相干带宽/IFD_ICI,MTI下取整，所述第w个符号上的K_w个导频序列中的每个导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述第w个符号上的K_w个导频序列中的任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同。Another scenario of the third set of design schemes is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot may include: The second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _ICI, K times of the _MTI is greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, MTI is} less than or equal to the said The effective channel coherence bandwidth, K pilot sequences are generated on W symbols, wherein W is less than or equal to K, K _w pilot sequences are generated on the wth symbol, and the value of w is 1, 2, ... , W, K _{w is} less than or equal to K" ₀ , K" ₀ is the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth / IFD _ICI, rounded under _MTI , each of the K _w pilot sequences on the _wth symbol a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the frequency sequence is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the wth The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences in the K _w pilot sequences on the symbol are different.

ICI系数和MTI系数为时不变或时慢变的场景，在W个符号上生成K个导频序列。首先确定每个符号上可以承载的数字通道的导频的最大值K”₀，K”₀为对等效信道相干带宽/IFD_ICI,MTI下取整，即

定义正整数集{K_w}，其中，K_w≤K₀，且K₁+K₂+...+K_W＝K。本申请实施例需要N个符号发送导频序列，符号n(Sym n)承载K_n个数字通道的导频序列。每个符号上导频序列的设计与图25的例子的设计相类似。Embodiments of the present application normalize equivalent channel coherence bandwidth for systems with K digital channels

A scenario in which the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient are time-invariant or slow-temporal, and K pilot sequences are generated on W symbols. First, determine the maximum value of the pilot of the digital channel that can be carried on each symbol K" ₀ , K" ₀ is the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth / IFD _ICI, rounded under _MTI , ie

A positive integer set {K _w } is defined, where K _w ≤K ₀ and K ₁ +K ₂ +...+K _W =K. The embodiment of the present application requires N symbols to transmit a pilot sequence, and the symbol n (Sym n) carries a pilot sequence of K _n digital channels. The design of the pilot sequence on each symbol is similar to the design of the example of Figure 25.

从节省开销的角度，W越小越好。优选地，W在满足条件下取最小值。例如，如果K”₀＝2，K＝5。优选的设计是K₁＝2，K₂＝2,K₃＝1,W＝3。From the perspective of saving overhead, the smaller the W, the better. Preferably, W takes a minimum value when the condition is satisfied. For example, if the _{K "0 = 2, K =} 5. Preferred design is _{_{K 1 = 2, K 2 =}} 2, K 3 = 1, W = 3.

图26为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，K”₀＝1，K＝2，K₁＝K₂＝1，W＝2，N_L和N_R均为84。第一个数字通道在第一个符号(符号1)上发送，直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

第二个数字通道在第二个符号上发送(符号2)，直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

Figure 26 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ = 2, ι = 0, K" ₀ =1, K = 2, K ₁ = K ₂ =1, W = 2, N _L and N _R Both are 84. The first digital channel is transmitted on the first symbol (symbol 1), and the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are respectively

with

The second digital channel is transmitted on the second symbol (symbol 2), and the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier are respectively

with

第三组设计方案的另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_ICI,MTI大于所述等效信道相干带宽，且所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，在K个A类符号上分别生成K个A类导频序列，在K个B类符号上分别生成K个B类导频序列，其中，所述A类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔小于或等于所述等效信道相干带宽，且大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述B类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Another scenario of the third set of design schemes is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot may include: The second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{ICI, the MTI is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, K class A pilot sequences are respectively generated on K class A symbols, and K class B pilot sequences are respectively generated on K class B symbols, wherein any two adjacent ones of the class A pilot sequences The pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is less than or equal to the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth and greater than or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, any two of the B-type pilot sequences The pilot interval of the adjacent non-zero pilot is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance.

ICI系数和MTI系数为时不变或时慢变的场景。Embodiments of the present application normalize equivalent channel coherence bandwidth for systems with K digital channels

The ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient are scenes that are time-invariant or slow-changing.

本申请实施例总共使用2K个导频符号发送导频序列，例如奇数号符号为A类符号，偶数号符号为B类符号。其中，对于数字通道k，在第2k-1个符号采用类似于图14的设计，在第2k个符号采用类似于图23的设计。第2k-1个符号的导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，第2k-1个符号加第2k个符号的导频序列用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数。The embodiment of the present application uses a total of 2K pilot symbols to transmit a pilot sequence, for example, the odd number symbol is a class A symbol, and the even number symbol is a class B symbol. Wherein, for the digital channel k, a design similar to that of FIG. 14 is employed at the 2k-1th symbol, and a design similar to that of FIG. 23 is employed at the 2kth symbol. The pilot sequence of the 2k-1th symbol is used to estimate the equivalent channel gain, and the 2k-1th symbol plus the pilot sequence of the 2kth symbol is used to estimate the ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient.

图27为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，K＝2，N_L和N_R 均为84。本例子共采用4个符号，其中前两个符号用于数字通道1，后两个符号用于数字通道2。符号1和符号3采用类似于图14的设计，并满足D＝IFD_main；符号2和符号4采用类似于图23的设计，并满足D＝IFD_ICI,MTI。对于数字通道1，在符号1上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号2上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

对于数字通道2，在符号3上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和在符号4上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

Figure 27 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, wherein κ = 2, ι = 0, K = 2, and N _L and N _R are both 84. This example uses a total of 4 symbols, the first two symbols for digital channel 1, and the last two symbols for digital channel 2.

Symbols

1 and 3 adopt a design similar to that of Fig. 14 and satisfy D = IFD _main ;

symbols

2 and 4 adopt a design similar to that of Fig. 23 and satisfy D = IFD _{ICI, MTI} . For digital channel 1, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right of the DC subcarrier on symbol 1 are

with

For digital channel 2, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right of the DC subcarrier on symbol 3 are

with The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 4 are respectively

with

第三组设计方案的另一种场景为***具有K个数字通道，其中，K大于或等于2，所述根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，生成导频序列，可以包括：如果所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离IFD_main大于所述等效信道相干带宽，对于K个数字通道的每个数字通道，在X个连续的A类符号上生成X个A类导频序列，其中，X为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，在X个连续的A类符号后的一个B类符号上生成一个B类导频序列，每个数字通道的所述X个A类导频序列中的任意两个A类导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同，所述A类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第一非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述B类导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述第二非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Another scenario of the third set of design schemes is that the system has K digital channels, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and the generating a pilot sequence according to the minimum anti-interference distance of the non-zero pilot may include: The first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance IFD _{main is} greater than the equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and for each digital channel of the K digital channels, X class A pilot sequences are generated on X consecutive class A symbols Where X is rounded to the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherence bandwidth, and a Class B pilot sequence is generated on a Class B symbol after X consecutive Class A symbols, the X of each digital channel The subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two class A pilot sequences in the class A pilot sequence are different, and the pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the class A pilot sequence are greater than Or equal to the first non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the B-type pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the second non-zero pilot minimum Anti-interference distance.

ICI系数和MTI系数为时不变或时慢变的场景。本申请实施例共使用(X+1)K个导频符号，其中，为对IFD_main/等效信道相干带宽上取整，即

对每个数字通道采用X+1个符号，其中前X个连续的符号(A类符号)采用类似于图14的设计，第X+1个符号采用类似于图23的设计。前X个连续的符号的导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，X+1个符号的导频序列用于估计ICI系数和MTI系数。Embodiments of the present application normalize equivalent channel coherence bandwidth for systems with K digital channels

The ICI coefficient and the MTI coefficient are scenes that are time-invariant or slow-changing. In the embodiment of the present application, (X+1)K pilot symbols are used, where the IFD _main / equivalent channel coherent bandwidth is rounded, that is,

X+1 symbols are used for each digital channel, with the first X consecutive symbols (Class A symbols) employing a design similar to that of Figure 14, and the X+1 symbols employing a design similar to Figure 23. The pilot sequences of the first X consecutive symbols are used to estimate the equivalent channel gain, and the pilot sequences of X+1 symbols are used to estimate the ICI coefficients and the MTI coefficients.

每一个数字通道的X+1个符号有两种配置方式。第一种，每一个数字通道的X+1个符号连续分配，因此，第k个数字通道分配的符号索引可表示为(k-1)(M+1)+1:k(M+1)。第二种，每一个数字通道的前X个(类似于图14的设计)连续的符号一个接一个放置，K个数字通道全部放置完后，再一个接一个的放置每个数字通道的第X+1个(类似于图23的设计)符号,因此，第k个数字通道分配的符号索引可表示为(k-1)M+1:kM和KM+k。There are two ways to configure X+1 symbols for each digital channel. First, the X+1 symbols of each digital channel are continuously allocated. Therefore, the symbol index assigned by the kth digital channel can be expressed as (k-1)(M+1)+1:k(M+1) . Second, the first X (similar to the design of Figure 14) consecutive symbols of each digital channel are placed one after another. After all the K digital channels are placed, one by one are placed. The X+1th (similar to the design of Fig. 23) symbol of the digital channel, therefore, the symbol index assigned by the kth digital channel can be expressed as (k-1) M+1: kM and KM+k.

图28为本申请实施例的一个具体的例子，其中，κ＝2，ι＝0，

K＝2，X＝2，N_L和N_R均为84，共需要6个符号。符号1、符号2、符号4和符号5采用类似于图14的设计，并满足D＝IFD_main；符号3和符号6采用类似于图23的设计，并满足D＝IFD_ICI,MTI。对于数字通道1，在符号1上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号2上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号3上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

对于数字通道2，在符号4上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号5上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

在符号6上直流子载波左侧和右侧的非零导频的集合分别为

和

28 is a specific example of an embodiment of the present application, where κ=2, ι=0,

K=2, X=2, N _L and N _R are both 84, and a total of 6 symbols are required. Symbol 1, Symbol 2, Symbol 4, and Symbol 5 adopt a design similar to that of FIG. 14 and satisfy D=IFD _main ;

Symbols

3 and 6 adopt a design similar to that of FIG. 23 and satisfy D=IFD _{ICI, MTI} . For digital channel 1, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right of the DC subcarrier on symbol 1 are

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 3 are respectively

with

For digital channel 2, the set of non-zero pilots on the left and right of the DC subcarrier on symbol 4 are

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 5 are respectively

with

The set of non-zero pilots on the left and right sides of the DC subcarrier on symbol 6 are respectively

with

应理解，在本申请的部分实施例中，ι＝0，其是指***中存在MTI，MTI的扩展长度为0，即MTI只在非零导频的子载波的镜像位置处存在，亦即只考虑对MTI非零导频的子载波的镜像位置的一个子载波的干扰。It should be understood that, in some embodiments of the present application, ι=0, which means that there is an MTI in the system, and the extended length of the MTI is 0, that is, the MTI exists only at the mirror position of the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot, that is, Only interference with one subcarrier of the mirrored position of the subcarrier of the MTI non-zero pilot is considered.

还应理解，在本申请的部分实施例中，任意两个导频序列的非零导频对应的子载波不同是指任意两个导频序列的非零导频的索引index不重叠。It should also be understood that in some embodiments of the present application, the difference of the subcarriers corresponding to the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences means that the index indices of the non-zero pilots of any two pilot sequences do not overlap.

下面通过与现有的导频序列设计方案对比***的误比特率(Bit Error Ratio，BER)性能来说明本申请实施例可以达到的效果。考虑下行OFDM***，***框图如图29所示。下行OFDM***包括64发送天线，4个接收天线；信道采用第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，3GPP)的空间信道模型(Spatial Channel Model，SCM)，2簇20径，第二个簇相对第一簇的时延为80ns，功率降低9dB；模拟端波束成形(beamforming)码本第一簇的主方向；单个数字通道；调制模式为16QAm；OFDM的DFT点数为256，子载波间隔为1.44MHz，信号带宽为250MHz，其中168个子载波为有效子载波；收、发端相噪的独立用分布，其功率谱密度满足模型

其中PSD(0)＝-60dBc/Hz，PSD(100k)＝-70dBc/Hz；收、发端频偏独立同分布，大小为±1ppm；收、发端IQ不平衡独立同分布，满足最大幅度不平衡为4dB，最大相位不平衡为5°；非线性功率失真参照IEEE 802.11ad，大小为9dB；移动速度为10km/h，***信噪比(Signal Noise Ratio)SNR＝10dB；一个发送帧大小为7个OFDM符号。The effect that the embodiment of the present application can achieve is described by comparing the bit error ratio (BER) performance of the system with the existing pilot sequence design. Consider the downlink OFDM system, the system block diagram is shown in Figure 29. The downlink OFDM system includes 64 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas; the channel adopts the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Spatial Channel Model (SCM), 2 clusters 20 paths, and the second cluster The delay of the first cluster is 80 ns, the power is reduced by 9 dB; the main direction of the first cluster of the beamforming codebook is simulated; the single digital channel; the modulation mode is 16QAm; the DFT point of OFDM is 256, and the subcarrier spacing is 1.44MHz, the signal bandwidth is 250MHz, of which 168 subcarriers are effective subcarriers; the independent distribution of phase and noise of the receiving and transmitting ends, and the power spectral density satisfies the model

Among them, PSD(0)=-60dBc/Hz, PSD(100k)=-70dBc/Hz; the frequency offsets of the receiving and transmitting ends are independent and identically distributed, and the size is ±1ppm; the IQ of the receiving and transmitting ends is independent and identically distributed, satisfying the maximum amplitude imbalance. 4dB, maximum phase imbalance is 5°; nonlinear power distortion refers to IEEE 802.11ad, size is 9dB; moving speed is 10km/h, system signal-to-noise ratio (Signal Noise Ratio) SNR=10dB; one transmission frame size is 7 OFDM symbols.

***非编码条件下的BER曲线如图30所示。可以看出，在强RFD条件下，现有的方案***受到了严重的影响，性能较差；本申请实施例的导频序列的设计方案，充分考虑了各个强RFD的相互影响，可以更有效的对抗强RFD，可以保证通信的可靠性。同时，本方案也可以降低设备的开销。The BER curve under non-coding conditions of the system is shown in FIG. It can be seen that under the condition of strong RFD, the existing scheme system is seriously affected and the performance is poor. The design scheme of the pilot sequence in the embodiment of the present application fully considers the mutual influence of each strong RFD, and can be more effective. The strong RFD can guarantee the reliability of communication. At the same time, this solution can also reduce the overhead of the device.

针对接收端，本申请实施例还提供了一种传输导频信号的方法，可以包括：接收导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；根据所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。For the receiving end, the embodiment of the present application further provides a method for transmitting a pilot signal, which may include: receiving a pilot sequence, where pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are based on Determining the spread length of the interference in the radio frequency distortion condition, the pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, and the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the non-zero pilot subcarrier The carrier is a null subcarrier; the equivalent channel gain is estimated according to the pilot sequence or at least two types of interference under the condition of estimating radio frequency distortion.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波也为空子载波。Optionally, as an embodiment, the subcarriers adjacent to the left and right of the mirror subcarriers corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot are also null subcarriers.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，是根据***的等效信道相干带宽生成的，所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的干扰影响第一阈值。Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, which is generated according to an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, where the pilot interval causes interference to interfere with non-zero pilots. A threshold.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference in a radio frequency distortion condition, where the pilot interval causes the impact of the at least two types of interference on a non-zero pilot to be less than a first threshold. And the pilot spacing is such that an effect of the at least two interferences relative to one another is less than a second threshold.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述接收导频序列，包括：在第一类符号上接收第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；在第二类符号上接收第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；所述根据所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，包括：根据所述第一类导频序列估计等效信道增益。根据所述第二类导频序列估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。Optionally, as an embodiment, the receiving a pilot sequence includes: receiving, on a first type of symbol, a first type of pilot sequence, where any two adjacent non-zero derivatives in the first type of pilot sequence The first pilot spacing of the frequency causes the interference to have a lesser impact on the non-zero pilot than the first threshold; the second type of pilot sequence is received on the second type of symbol, any two adjacent to the second type of pilot sequence The second pilot interval of the non-zero pilot is such that the influence of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold; Estimating the equivalent channel gain or estimating at least two types of interference based on the pilot sequence, including estimating an equivalent channel gain based on the first type of pilot sequence. At least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions are estimated based on the second type of pilot sequence.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence is generated by concatenating a plurality of basic pilot units, where the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰 MTI扩展长度，所述少两种干扰包括ICI和MTI。Optionally, as an embodiment, the extended length includes inter-carrier interference ICI extended length and image interference. The MTI extends the length, and the two types of interference include ICI and MTI.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离是根据所述射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的。Optionally, as an embodiment, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, the non-zero The pilot minimum anti-interference distance is determined according to the extended length of the interference under the radio frequency distortion condition.

上文中结合图7至图30，详细描述了根据本申请实施例的传输导频信号的方法，下面将结合图31至图32，详细描述根据本申请实施例的传输导频信号的设备。The method for transmitting a pilot signal according to an embodiment of the present application is described in detail above with reference to FIG. 7 to FIG. 30. Hereinafter, an apparatus for transmitting a pilot signal according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 31 to FIG.

图31示出了根据本申请实施例的传输导频信号的设备2600的示意性框图。如图31所示，该设备2600包括：FIG. 31 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 2600 for transmitting pilot signals in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 31, the device 2600 includes:

处理模块2610，用于确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，所述导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的；The processing module 2610 is configured to determine a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, where the pilot interval is determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions;

所述处理模块2610还用于根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述导频序列的非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；The processing module 2610 is further configured to generate the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, where a pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is zero pilot, the guide The mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot of the frequency sequence is an empty subcarrier;

发送模块2620，用于发送所述处理模块2610生成的所述导频序列。The sending module 2620 is configured to send the pilot sequence generated by the processing module 2610.

因此，在本申请实施例的设备，为导频序列分配非零导频载波的同时，还为其分配零导频载波，非零导频的导频间隔设计基于不被不干扰的原则，使非零导频载波和数据受到干扰的影响明显减弱，从而使得***受射频失真的影响较小，提升***的性能。Therefore, in the device of the embodiment of the present application, the pilot sequence is allocated a non-zero pilot carrier, and a zero pilot carrier is also allocated thereto, and the pilot interval design of the non-zero pilot is based on the principle of not being interfered. The influence of non-zero pilot carrier and data is significantly reduced, which makes the system less affected by RF distortion and improves system performance.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，所述处理模块2610根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, the pilot interval is such that the impact of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the processing module 2610 is configured according to the guide Generating the pilot sequence at a frequency interval, including:

根据所述导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽，生成所述导频序列。The pilot sequence is generated based on the pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送模块2620具体用于在相应的符号上发送所述导频序列；所述发送模块2620还用于：在所述符号上还发送数据信号。Optionally, as an embodiment, the sending module 2620 is specifically configured to send the pilot sequence on a corresponding symbol; the sending module 2620 is further configured to: further send a data signal on the symbol.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述导频序列包括第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第一导频间隔，所述第二类导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第二导频间隔，所述处理模块2610根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence includes a first type of pilot sequence and a second type of pilot sequence, where the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, the first class a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is a first pilot interval, and the second type of pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference in a radio frequency distortion condition, the second The pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot-like sequence is the second pilot interval, and the processing module 2610 generates the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, including:

所述发送模块2620具体用于： The sending module 2620 is specifically configured to:

可选地，作为一个实施例，其特征在于，所述导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence is generated by concatenating a plurality of basic pilot units, where the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度。Optionally, as an embodiment, the extended length includes an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a mirror interference MTI extension length.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述处理模块2610确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，包括：Optionally, as an embodiment, the processing module 2610 determines a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, including:

应注意，本申请实施例中，处理模块2610可以由处理器实现，发送模块2620可以由收发器实现。如图31所示，传输导频信号的设备2700可以包括处理器2710、收发器2720和存储器2730。其中，存储器2730可以用于存储处理器2710执行的代码等。It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the processing module 2610 may be implemented by a processor, and the sending module 2620 may be implemented by a transceiver. As shown in FIG. 31, the device 2700 that transmits the pilot signals can include a processor 2710, a transceiver 2720, and a memory 2730. The memory 2730 can be used to store code and the like executed by the processor 2710.

设备2700中的各个组件通过总线***2740耦合在一起，其中总线***2740除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。The various components in device 2700 are coupled together by a bus system 2740, which in addition to the data bus includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.

图31所示的设备2600或图32所示的接收端2700能够实现前述图7至图30的实施例中所实现的各个过程，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。The device 2600 shown in FIG. 31 or the receiving end 2700 shown in FIG. 32 can implement the various processes implemented in the foregoing embodiments of FIG. 7 to FIG. 30. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein again.

应理解，在本申请实施例中，该处理器2710可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，简称为“CPU”)，该处理器2710还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the processor 2710 may be a central processing unit ("CPU"), and the processor 2710 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs). , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, and the like. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.

该存储器2720可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器2710提供指令和数据。存储器2720的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器2720还可以存储设备类型的信息。The memory 2720 can include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to the processor 2710. A portion of the memory 2720 can also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 2720 can also store information of the device type.

该总线***2730除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线***2730。The bus system 2730 may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus. However, for clarity of description, various buses are labeled as bus system 2730 in the figure.

在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器2710中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器2720，处理器2710读取存储器2720中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。In the implementation process, each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 2710 or an instruction in a form of software. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented as a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like. The storage medium is located in the memory 2720, and the processor 2710 reads the information in the memory 2720 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

本申请实施例还提供了一种传输导频信号的设备(接收端)。该设备包括：The embodiment of the present application further provides a device (receiving end) for transmitting a pilot signal. The device includes:

接收模块，用于接收导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；a receiving module, configured to receive a pilot sequence, where pilot intervals of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence are determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions, where any of the pilot sequences a pilot between two adjacent non-zero pilots is a zero pilot, and a mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is an empty subcarrier;

处理模块，用于根据所述接收模块接收的所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。 And a processing module, configured to estimate an equivalent channel gain or estimate at least two types of interference under the radio frequency distortion condition according to the pilot sequence received by the receiving module.

换而言之，接收模块可以用于接收导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于1，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；处理模块可以用于根据所述接收模块接收的所述导频序列估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。In other words, the receiving module may be configured to receive a pilot sequence, where a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to 1, and any two phases in the pilot sequence a pilot between the non-zero pilots of the neighbor is a zero pilot, and the mirrored subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot is an empty subcarrier; the processing module may be configured to use the pilot received according to the receiving module The sequence estimates the equivalent channel gain or estimates at least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions.

在本申请实施例中，为***分配非零导频载波的同时，还为***分配零导频载波，非零导频的导频间隔设计基于不被不干扰的原则，使非零导频载波和数据受到干扰的影响明显减弱，从而使得***受射频失真的影响较小，能够更准确的估计等效信道增益或估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，提升***的性能。In the embodiment of the present application, when the system allocates a non-zero pilot carrier, the system also allocates a zero pilot carrier, and the pilot interval design of the non-zero pilot is based on the principle of not being interfered, so that the non-zero pilot carrier is used. The influence of the interference on the data is significantly weakened, so that the system is less affected by the radio frequency distortion, and the system can more accurately estimate the equivalent channel gain or estimate at least two kinds of interference under the condition of radio frequency distortion, thereby improving the performance of the system.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，是根据***的等效信道相干带宽生成的，所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值。Optionally, as an embodiment, the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, which is generated according to an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, where the pilot interval causes interference to have less impact on non-zero pilots. A threshold.

其中，所述接收模块还用于在接收所述导频序列的符号上，还接收数据信号。The receiving module is further configured to receive a data signal on the symbol of receiving the pilot sequence.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述接收模块具体用于在第一类符号上接收第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；在第二类符号上接收第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；所述处理模块具体用于：根据所述第一类导频序列估计等效信道增益。根据所述第二类导频序列估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰。Optionally, as an embodiment, the receiving module is specifically configured to receive, on a first type of symbol, a first type of pilot sequence, where any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the first type of pilot sequence The first pilot interval is such that the effect of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold; the second type of pilot sequence is received on the second type of symbols, any two adjacent non-zero of the second type of pilot sequence The second pilot interval of the pilot is such that the effect of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold; The module is specifically configured to: estimate an equivalent channel gain according to the first type of pilot sequence. At least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions are estimated based on the second type of pilot sequence.

可选地，作为一个实施例，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度，所述少两种干扰包括ICI和MTI。Optionally, as an embodiment, the extended length includes an inter-carrier interference ICI extended length and a mirrored interference MTI extended length, where the two types of interference include ICI and MTI.

应注意，本申请实施例中，接收模块可以由收发器实现，处理模块可以由处理器实现。传输导频信号的设备可以包括处理器、收发器和存储器。其中，存储器可以用于存储处理器执行的代码等。It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present application, the receiving module may be implemented by a transceiver, and the processing module may be implemented by a processor. The device that transmits the pilot signal can include a processor, a transceiver, and a memory. Among them, the memory can be used to store code executed by the processor and the like.

设备中的各个组件通过总线***耦合在一起，其中总线***除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。The various components in the device are coupled together by a bus system, wherein the bus system includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data bus.

发送端的传输导频信号的设备能够实现前述图7至图30的实施例中所实现的各个过程，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。The device for transmitting the pilot signal at the transmitting end can implement the various processes implemented in the foregoing embodiments of FIG. 7 to FIG. 30. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein again.

本申请各个实施例可以应用于终端设备中。终端设备可以经无线接入网(Radio Access Network，RAN)与一个或多个核心网进行通信，终端设备可以指用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。接入终端可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，未来5G网络中的终端设备等。Various embodiments of the present application can be applied to a terminal device. The terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks via a Radio Access Network (RAN), and the terminal device can refer to a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user equipment. The access terminal may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), with wireless communication. Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in future 5G networks, and the like.

本申请各个实施例也可以应用于网络设备中。网络设备可以是用于与终端设备进行通信的设备，例如，可以是GSM***或CDMA中的基站(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)，也可以是WCDMA***中的基站(NodeB，NB)，还可以是LTE***中的演进型基站(Evolutional Node B，eNB或eNodeB)，或者该网络设备可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G网络中的网络侧设备或未来演进的PLMN网络中的网络设备等。Various embodiments of the present application can also be applied to network devices. The network device may be a device for communicating with the terminal device, for example, may be a base station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS) in the GSM system or CDMA, or may be a base station (NodeB, NB) in the WCDMA system, or may be An evolved base station (Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or the network device may be a relay station, an access point, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, and a network side device in a future 5G network or a future evolved PLMN network. Network devices, etc.

此外，本申请的各个方面或特征可以实现成方法、装置或使用标准编程和/或工程技术的制品。本申请中使用的术语“制品”涵盖可从任何计算机可读器件、载体或介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可以包括，但不限于:磁存储器件(例如，硬盘、软盘或磁带等)，光盘(例如，压缩盘(Compact Disk，CD)、数字通用盘(Digital Versatile Disk，DVD)等)，智能卡和闪存器件(例如，可擦写可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EPROM)、卡、棒或钥匙驱动器等)。另外，本文描述的各种存储介质可代表用于存储信息的一个或多个设备和/或其它机器可读介质。术语“机器可读介质”可包括但不限于，无线信道和能够存储、包含和/或承载指令和/或数据的各种其它介质。Furthermore, various aspects or features of the present application can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used in this application encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, the computer readable medium may include, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (eg, a hard disk, a floppy disk, or a magnetic tape, etc.), such as a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (Digital Versatile Disk, DVD). Etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (eg, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), cards, sticks or key drivers, etc.). Additionally, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, without limitation, a wireless channel and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, and/or carrying instructions and/or data.

应理解，本文中涉及的第一、第二、第三、第四以及各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。It is to be understood that the first, second, third, fourth, and various numerical numbers referred to herein are merely for convenience of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。It should be understood that the term "and/or" herein is merely an association relationship describing an associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which may indicate that A exists separately, and A and B exist simultaneously. There are three cases of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual object is an "or" relationship.

应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。It should be understood that, in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence numbers of the foregoing processes does not mean the order of execution sequence, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be applied to the embodiment of the present application. The implementation process constitutes any limitation.

本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the solution. A person skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present application.

所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的***、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。A person skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the system, the device and the unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.

在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的***、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the unit is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be another division manner, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another The coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the points shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.

所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。The functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application, which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including The instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。 The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application. It should be covered by the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

一种传输导频信号的方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for transmitting a pilot signal, comprising:

确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，所述导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的；Determining a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, the pilot interval being determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions;

根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述导频序列的非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；Generating the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, where a pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is a zero pilot, and the pilot sequence is non-zero pilot The mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier is an empty subcarrier;

发送所述导频序列。The pilot sequence is transmitted.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波为空子载波。The method according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent subcarriers on the left and right of the mirror subcarrier corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot are empty subcarriers.
根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述导频间隔使得干扰对所述非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，所述根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain, and the pilot interval is such that the influence of interference on the non-zero pilot is less than a first threshold. Generating the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, including:

根据所述导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽，生成所述导频序列。The pilot sequence is generated based on the pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system.
根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions, the pilot intervals such that the at least two interference pairs are non-zero pilots The impact is less than the first threshold, and the pilot spacing is such that the effects of the at least two interferences are less than a second threshold.
根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送所述导频序列，包括：The method according to claim 4, wherein said transmitting said pilot sequence comprises:

在相应的符号上发送所述导频序列；Transmitting the pilot sequence on a corresponding symbol;

所述方法还包括：The method further includes:

在所述符号上还发送数据信号。A data signal is also transmitted on the symbol.
根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频序列包括第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第一导频间隔，所述第二类导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第二导频间隔，所述根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pilot sequence comprises a first type of pilot sequence and a second type of pilot sequence, and the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain. And a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the first type of pilot sequence is a first pilot interval, and the second type of pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of radio frequency distortion conditions. Interference, the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence is a second pilot interval, and the generating the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval includes:

生成所述第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列根据所述第一导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽生成，所述第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；Generating the first type of pilot sequence, the first type of pilot sequence being generated according to the first pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, the first pilot interval causing interference to non-zero pilots The impact is less than the first threshold;

生成所述第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列根据所述第二导频间隔生成，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；Generating the second type of pilot sequence, the second type of pilot sequence is generated according to the second pilot interval, and the second of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence The pilot interval is such that the influence of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold;

所述发送所述导频序列，包括：The transmitting the pilot sequence includes:

在第一类符号上发送所述第一类导频序列；Transmitting the first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol;

在第二类符号上发送所述第二类导频序列。The second type of pilot sequence is transmitted on a second type of symbol.
根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pilot sequence is generated by concatenating a plurality of basic pilot units, and the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot.
根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the extended length comprises an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a picture interference MTI extension length.
根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，包括： The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the determining a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence comprises:

根据所述射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；Determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the extended length of the interference under the radio frequency distortion condition;

根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，确定所述导频间隔，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离。Determining, according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to a minimum of the non-zero pilot Anti-interference distance.
一种传输导频信号的设备，其特征在于，包括：An apparatus for transmitting a pilot signal, comprising:

处理模块，用于确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，所述导频间隔是根据射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度确定的；a processing module, configured to determine a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, where the pilot interval is determined according to an extended length of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions;

所述处理模块还用于根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，所述导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频之间的导频为零导频，所述导频序列的非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波为空子载波；The processing module is further configured to generate the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, where a pilot between any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is a zero pilot, the pilot The mirrored subcarrier corresponding to the subcarrier of the non-zero pilot of the sequence is an empty subcarrier;

发送模块，用于发送所述处理模块生成的所述导频序列。And a sending module, configured to send the pilot sequence generated by the processing module.
根据权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，所述非零导频的子载波对应的镜像子载波左右分别相邻的子载波为空子载波。The device according to claim 10, wherein the subcarriers adjacent to each other of the mirror subcarriers corresponding to the subcarriers of the non-zero pilot are empty subcarriers.
根据权利要求10或11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，所述处理模块根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：The apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said pilot sequence is used for estimating an equivalent channel gain, said pilot interval such that the influence of interference on a non-zero pilot is less than a first threshold, said processing The module generates the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, including:

根据所述导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽，生成所述导频序列。The pilot sequence is generated based on the pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system.
根据权利要求10或11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值。The apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of interference under radio frequency distortion conditions, the pilot intervals such that the at least two interference pairs are non-zero pilots The impact is less than the first threshold, and the pilot spacing is such that the effects of the at least two interferences are less than a second threshold.
根据权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述发送模块具体用于在相应的符号上发送所述导频序列；The device according to claim 13, wherein the sending module is specifically configured to send the pilot sequence on a corresponding symbol;

所述发送模块还用于：The sending module is further configured to:

在所述符号上还发送数据信号。A data signal is also transmitted on the symbol.
根据权利要求10或11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导频序列包括第一类导频序列和第二类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列用于估计等效信道增益，所述第一类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第一导频间隔，所述第二类导频序列用于估计射频失真条件下的至少两种干扰，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔为第二导频间隔，所述处理模块根据所述导频间隔生成所述导频序列，包括：The apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the pilot sequence comprises a first type of pilot sequence and a second type of pilot sequence, and the first type of pilot sequence is used to estimate an equivalent channel gain. And a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the first type of pilot sequence is a first pilot interval, and the second type of pilot sequence is used to estimate at least two types of radio frequency distortion conditions. Interference, the pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence is a second pilot interval, and the processing module generates the pilot sequence according to the pilot interval, including :

生成所述第一类导频序列，所述第一类导频序列根据所述第一导频间隔和***的等效信道相干带宽生成，所述第一导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值；Generating the first type of pilot sequence, the first type of pilot sequence being generated according to the first pilot interval and an equivalent channel coherence bandwidth of the system, the first pilot interval causing interference to non-zero pilots The impact is less than the first threshold;

生成所述第二类导频序列，所述第二类导频序列根据所述第二导频间隔生成，所述第二类导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的第二导频间隔使得干扰对非零导频的影响小于第一阈值，并且所述第二导频间隔使得所述至少两种干扰相互之间的影响小于第二阈值；Generating the second type of pilot sequence, the second type of pilot sequence is generated according to the second pilot interval, and the second of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the second type of pilot sequence The pilot interval is such that the influence of the interference on the non-zero pilot is less than the first threshold, and the second pilot interval is such that the influence of the at least two interferences relative to each other is less than the second threshold;

所述发送模块具体用于：The sending module is specifically configured to:

在第一类符号上发送所述第一类导频序列；Transmitting the first type of pilot sequence on a first type of symbol;

在第二类符号上发送所述第二类导频序列。The second type of pilot sequence is transmitted on a second type of symbol.
根据权利要求10至15中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导频序列由多个基本导频单元级联生成，所述基本导频单元中包括一个非零导频。 The apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the pilot sequence is generated by concatenating a plurality of basic pilot units, and the basic pilot unit includes a non-zero pilot.
根据权利要求10至16中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述扩展长度包括载波间干扰ICI扩展长度和镜像干扰MTI扩展长度。The apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 16, wherein the extended length comprises an inter-carrier interference ICI extension length and a picture interference MTI extension length.
根据权利要求10至17中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述处理模块确定导频序列中任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔，包括：The apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein the processing module determines a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence, including:

根据所述射频失真条件下干扰的扩展长度，确定非零导频最小抗干扰距离；Determining a non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance according to the extended length of the interference under the radio frequency distortion condition;

根据所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离，确定所述导频间隔，所述导频序列中的任意两个相邻的非零导频的导频间隔大于或等于所述非零导频最小抗干扰距离。 Determining, according to the non-zero pilot minimum anti-interference distance, a pilot interval of any two adjacent non-zero pilots in the pilot sequence is greater than or equal to a minimum of the non-zero pilot Anti-interference distance.