WO2017181341A1 - 隔声通流且强化传热的声学超材料单元、复合结构及制备 - Google Patents

隔声通流且强化传热的声学超材料单元、复合结构及制备 Download PDF

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WO2017181341A1
WO2017181341A1 PCT/CN2016/079655 CN2016079655W WO2017181341A1 WO 2017181341 A1 WO2017181341 A1 WO 2017181341A1 CN 2016079655 W CN2016079655 W CN 2016079655W WO 2017181341 A1 WO2017181341 A1 WO 2017181341A1
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acoustic
sound insulation
structural unit
flow
acoustic metamaterial
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PCT/CN2016/079655
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄礼范
王术光
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黄礼范
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Priority to US16/626,962 priority Critical patent/US11862136B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/079655 priority patent/WO2017181341A1/zh
Publication of WO2017181341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181341A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/075—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise or impact
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • G10K11/04—Acoustic filters ; Acoustic resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0867—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having acoustic absorption means on the visible surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an acoustic super material structural unit capable of improving sound heat diffusion rate and accelerating convective heat transfer efficiency and an array composite structure containing the same, which is suitable for fabricating a structure with light and low-frequency sound insulation effect and can guarantee A structural shell, sound insulation board, sound insulation cover or muffler that passes through a sufficient amount of heat flow, air flow or liquid flow belongs to the field of materials.
  • the thermal energy power equipment such as steam engine, internal combustion engine, gas turbine, large-sized motor, computer mainframe, electrical equipment and refrigeration equipment have high requirements for heat dissipation and flow, so as to ensure the normal operation of the equipment, and they also need to be reduced. Noise to reduce noise pollution to the environment.
  • the common solution in the prior art is to add a heat dissipation flow device to the structural housing or the covered sound insulation cover (the Chinese patents are: CN2411327Y, CN1710239A) , CN200943422Y, CN104153695A, CN204099057U).
  • these additional heat sinking devices include longer flow lines, and even power units such as fans or pumps need to be installed on the lines to enhance convection.
  • These piping and power equipment not only add to system complexity and manufacturing maintenance costs, but also create piping and mechanical noise.
  • Another low-cost solution that is easy to implement is to use a common perforated plate or grid plate with a large enough aperture area to make a housing or sound insulation cover, but these structures are in the middle and low frequency bands where the electromechanical noise energy is dominant (such as below 1000 Hz). The sound insulation effect is very poor.
  • Micro-perforated plates with a diameter of less than 1 mm are lined with a certain interval of the back plate, which can design a high sound insulation at medium and high frequencies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

一种隔声通流且强化传热的声学超材料结构单元（1），其包括边框（2）、在所述的边框（2）内设置有约束体（3），在边框（2）的上下表面的至少一个表面上覆盖有薄膜（6）；所述约束体（3）和薄膜（6）上均设置有至少一个孔（4,7）。以及，一种含有声学超材料结构单元的声学超材料复合板和复合结构，以及调频方法和装配方法，所述结构单元既能在宽频带内具有优于普通穿孔板或微穿孔板的隔声能力，又可以保证足量热流、气流或液流能够顺利通过；并且通过自身结构在声波激励下产生的单元局域振动，提高孔两侧流体介质的热量扩散速率以及加快对流换热效率。该声学超材料结构单元及其阵列复合结构具有装配工艺简单、工作性能稳定的特点。

Description

隔声通流且强化传热的声学超材料单元、复合结构及制备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔声、通流且能够提高热量扩散速率以及加快对流换热效率的声学超材料结构单元及含有其的阵列复合结构，适用于制作结构轻薄、低频隔声效果好且能够保证足量热流、气流或液流顺利通过的结构壳体、隔声板、隔声罩或***，属于材料领域。
背景技术
热能动力设备如：蒸汽机、内燃机、燃气涡轮机等、大型电机、计算机主机、电气设备和制冷设备等的壳体结构对散热通流的要求很高，以保证设备的正常运行，同时它们还需要降低噪声，以减少对环境的噪声污染。
为了调和散热通流和隔声降噪之间的矛盾，现有技术的常用解决方案是在结构壳体或包覆的隔声罩上增加散热通流装置(中国公开的专利有：CN2411327Y，CN1710239A，CN200943422Y，CN104153695A，CN204099057U)。然而，这些附加的散热通流装置包括较长的通流管路，甚至为了增强对流需要在管路上安装风扇或泵机等动力设备。这些管路和动力设备不仅增加了***复杂性和制造维护成本，而且还会产生管路和机械噪声。另一种实施方便的低成本方案是采用孔隙面积足够大的普通穿孔板或格栅板制作壳体或隔声罩，但这些结构在机电噪声能量占主的中、低频段(如1000赫兹以下)的隔声效果非常差。
直径小于1毫米的微穿孔板衬以一定间隔的背板，可以在中、高频设计出较高的隔声量，其工作机理:微穿孔板与背板间的空腔构成一组亥姆霍兹共振吸声体(Helmholtz Resonant Absorber)，当穿孔中入射声波的频率与亥姆霍兹共振吸声体的特征频率一致，气流与空腔结构共振摩擦，导致大量声能转为热能耗散，提高该共振频率的吸声效果。受限于工作机理，若欲采用微穿孔板结构实现满意的降噪效果，背板结构不可或缺(中国公开的专利有：CN101645263B,CN202986208U,CN102543061B,CN102077272B,

Claims (1)

  1. CN102842303B,CN104700827A,CN105065337A,CN105222474A；美国专利：US6868940B1,US20110100749A1,US008381872B2,US008469145B2)。而背板结构的存在又不可避免地影响到散热通流的效果。
    此外，2014年，美国物理联合会期刊《AIP Advances》公开了一种用于建筑居室的通气隔声窗(2014年，Sang-Hoon Kin等，Air Transparent Soundproof Window，AIP Advances 4,117123.；美国专利：US20160071507A1)。该隔声窗基于与微穿孔板类似的空腔共振耗能原理提高隔声量，是由带圆柱孔的共振腔室声学单元构成的阵列结构。其中，用于通流的孔直径最大为50毫米，硬质亚克力材料制作的共振腔室声学单元的边长为150毫米，厚度为40毫米，最低阶共振频率在1000赫兹附近，能够实现比微穿孔板更好的中、低频隔声效果。然而，若欲实现更低频段的有效隔声，其结构尺寸将做得非常大，难以用于对空间尺寸要求高的场合。更重要的是，透过该孔的流量降低了各频段的隔声效果，尤其是对于波长大于孔径的低频声波。
    声学超材料(Acoustic Metamaterial)，尤其是薄膜型声学超材料(2008年，Z.Yang等，Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterial with Negative Dynamic Mass，Physical Review Letters 101,204301.)的出现使得人们可以利用厚度和晶格尺寸小于声波波长两个数量级的轻薄结构有效隔离低频声波的传播，即可用厘米级结构阻隔波长为米级的百赫兹噪声。薄膜型声学超材料基于局域共振原理(2000年，Zhengyou Liu等，Locally Resonant Sonic Materials，Science 289,1734.)，其典型结构包括三种基本单元，即硬质框架、弹性薄膜以及配重质量块。其工作机理在于硬质框架分隔出单个不连通小区域，内部的配重质量块在入射声波激励下产生强烈振动，进而促使弹性薄膜产生***振振动模式，使得整体区域的法向振动位移求和为零，从而实现对入射声波的全部反弹，减少透射侧的声能。基于此原理的薄膜型声学超材料专利均要求整体结构不透气(中国公开的专利有：CN1664920A，CN102237079A，CN101908338B，CN103594080A，CN103810991A，CN103996395A，CN105118496A，美国专利：US007395898B2，US20130087407A1，US20140339014A1，US20150047923A1)。这必然限制了该类声学超材料应
PCT/CN2016/079655 2016-04-19 2016-04-19 隔声通流且强化传热的声学超材料单元、复合结构及制备 WO2017181341A1 (zh)

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CN108775091A (zh) * 2018-08-06 2018-11-09 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 一种复合局域共振超构材料隔音板
CN109404478A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-01 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 振子单元以及基于它的非线性声学超材料元胞结构
CN111284422A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-16 现代自动车株式会社 具有声学超结构的减振装置
CN115424602A (zh) * 2022-07-31 2022-12-02 苏州声学产业技术研究院有限公司 刚度可调节超构材料隔音板
US11580947B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2023-02-14 Industrial Technology Research Institute Soundproof member

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JP6510653B2 (ja) * 2015-08-21 2019-05-08 富士フイルム株式会社 防音構造
WO2018101124A1 (ja) * 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 富士フイルム株式会社 防音構造
WO2018101164A1 (ja) * 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 富士フイルム株式会社 防音構造
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US11227573B2 (en) * 2018-10-26 2022-01-18 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Acoustic panel with acoustic unit layer
CA3099284A1 (fr) * 2020-11-13 2022-05-13 Safran Aircraft Engines Revetement de traitement acoustique comprenant un metaporeux ordonne replie
CN112378071A (zh) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-19 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 降噪组件、风管和空调***
CN112687252A (zh) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-20 浙江大学 调控夹层板结构低频隔声性能的装置及其参数确定方法
CN112863471A (zh) * 2021-01-14 2021-05-28 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 隔声装置
KR20220129275A (ko) * 2021-03-16 2022-09-23 현대자동차주식회사 진동 저감 장치
CN113314089A (zh) * 2021-06-22 2021-08-27 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种具有低频宽带隔声功能的隔声结构
CN114242027B (zh) * 2022-01-28 2024-04-16 西北工业大学 一种基于多孔材料的复合吸声超构表面

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CN115424602A (zh) * 2022-07-31 2022-12-02 苏州声学产业技术研究院有限公司 刚度可调节超构材料隔音板

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