WO2017162196A1

WO2017162196A1 - Thermoelectric conversion module, novel internal combustion engine, novel electric motor and power generation method

Info

Publication number: WO2017162196A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/077953
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘光辰
Original assignee: 刘光辰
Priority date: 2016-03-23
Filing date: 2017-03-23
Publication date: 2017-09-28
Also published as: CN108028305A

Abstract

Published are a thermoelectric conversion module, a novel internal combustion engine, a novel electric motor and a power generation method. By means of changing a flow deflector of a traditional thermoelectric conversion module from a rigid flow deflector to a thermal stress resistant flow deflector (202), internal thermal stress of the thermoelectric module can be effectively released, thereby achieving the effects of extending the service life and expanding the application field of the thermoelectric conversion module. Furthermore, the thermoelectric conversion module is applied to an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, a temperature difference power generation apparatus made of the thermoelectric conversion module is added between a heating shell and a cooling system of the existing internal combustion engine and electric motor, which uses harmful thermal energy of the internal combustion engine and electric motor to generate power, thereby achieving the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. Moreover, the application of the thermoelectric module is spread to more fields of recycling of waste heat energy and harmful heat energy, and using the waste heat energy and the harmful heat energy to generate power can make waste profitable and change harm into treasure, thereby achieving the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Description

热电转换模块、新型内燃机、新型电机及发电方法技术领域 Thermoelectric conversion module, new internal combustion engine, new type of motor and power generation method

[0001] 本发明涉及温差发电、内燃机及电机技术领域。 [0001] The present invention relates to the field of thermoelectric power generation, internal combustion engines, and electric machines.

背景技术 Background technique

[0002] 依据 Peltier及 Seebeck效应发展的半导体致冷及温差发电技术，其核心为热电转换模块，也称热电材料、热电半导体等，可实现电能与热能间的双向转换，上述能量转换为全固态的能量转换方式，无需化学反应或流体介质，无运动部件、无噪音、无磨损、无介质泄露、无有害物质排放、体积小重量轻、移动方便、运行稳定、可靠性高、寿命长等优点。但现有热电转换模块的导热接触面（包括热面及冷面）都以烧结的平面的氧化铝陶瓷为主、其平面加工要求高、成本高。其内部的导流片均采用直板状金属（以铜为主）导流片，在温度骤变吋产生的热应力无法得到有效释放，为兼顾热电转换模块的寿命，导致模块尺寸及其内部半导体数量受限，最终导致热电转换模块的功率受限。且导流片与半导体的连接（如焊接）产生的材料间扩散将影响半导体材料的性能，又通过增加防扩散层的方式来抑制扩散，增加了模块的热阻，降低了效率。授权公告号为 CN 2779623 Y的中国专利文献公幵了一种基于设具曲弧面的致冷芯片结构，其对热电转换模块的改进在于导热接触面为曲面以及由可塑性强的金属基板代替了传统的氧化铝陶瓷基板，扩大了热电模块的应用范围，但该专利文献未提及对导流片有任何改进，仍然存在直板状金属导流片的热应力问题导致的模块寿命、尺寸与功率受限的问题，以及材料间的扩散问题及热阻和效率问题，且其增加的附着在基板整个表面的绝缘层也增加了模块的热阻。 [0002] The semiconductor refrigeration and thermoelectric power generation technology developed according to the Peltier and Seebeck effects, the core of which is a thermoelectric conversion module, also called a thermoelectric material, a thermoelectric semiconductor, etc., can realize bidirectional conversion between electric energy and thermal energy, and the above energy is converted into an all solid state. Energy conversion, no chemical reaction or fluid medium, no moving parts, no noise, no wear, no media leakage, no harmful emissions, small size, light weight, easy to move, stable operation, high reliability, long life, etc. . However, the thermal contact surfaces (including hot and cold surfaces) of the existing thermoelectric conversion modules are mainly sintered flat alumina ceramics, which have high planar processing requirements and high cost. The inner baffles are made of straight-plate metal (mainly copper) baffles, and the thermal stress generated during sudden temperature changes cannot be effectively released, which takes into account the life of the thermoelectric conversion module, resulting in module size and its internal semiconductor. The limited number ultimately results in limited power for the thermoelectric conversion module. Moreover, the diffusion between the materials of the baffle and the semiconductor (such as soldering) will affect the performance of the semiconductor material, and the diffusion prevention layer is used to suppress the diffusion, which increases the thermal resistance of the module and reduces the efficiency. The Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 2779623 Y discloses a cooling chip structure based on a curved surface, and the improvement of the thermoelectric conversion module is that the thermal contact surface is curved and replaced by a plastically strong metal substrate. The traditional alumina ceramic substrate expands the application range of the thermoelectric module, but the patent document does not mention any improvement to the baffle, and there are still module life, size and power caused by the thermal stress problem of the straight plate-shaped metal baffle. Restricted problems, as well as diffusion problems between materials and thermal resistance and efficiency issues, and their increased insulation attached to the entire surface of the substrate also increases the thermal resistance of the module.

[0003] 现有内燃机的效率较低，燃料燃烧后生成高温高压气体，高温高压气体的能量大致可分为高压气体和热能二部分，内燃机仅利用了其中的高压气体的部分能量驱动活塞对外做功即输出机械能，而热能没有利用；没有利用的热能又分为废热和有害热能二部分，其中废热为发动机排出的高温高压尾气，有害热能指燃料燃烧后将内燃机缸体温度升高的热能，而过高的内燃机缸体温度会妨害内燃机正常运行，从而而需要冷却***对内燃机缸体进行冷却，进而需要消耗能量或资源来驱动冷却***运行，而冷却***消耗的能量绝大部分直接或间接来自内燃机的机械能输出，从而降低了内燃机的有效机械能输出，降低了内燃机的效率。为满足有效机械能的输出，只能靠增加内燃机排气量的方式来增加内燃机的有效输出的机械能，而大排量的内燃机必然带来更高的排放污染。 [0003] The efficiency of the existing internal combustion engine is low, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated after the fuel is burned. The energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be roughly divided into two parts: high-pressure gas and heat energy. The internal combustion engine only uses part of the energy of the high-pressure gas to drive the piston to perform external work. That is, the mechanical energy is output, and the thermal energy is not utilized; the heat energy that is not utilized is divided into two parts: waste heat and harmful heat energy, wherein the waste heat is the high temperature and high pressure exhaust gas discharged from the engine, and the harmful heat energy refers to the heat energy that raises the temperature of the internal combustion engine cylinder after the fuel burns, and Excessive internal combustion engine cylinder temperature will hinder The gas turbine operates normally, and thus the cooling system is required to cool the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, thereby consuming energy or resources to drive the operation of the cooling system, and most of the energy consumed by the cooling system is directly or indirectly derived from the mechanical energy output of the internal combustion engine, thereby reducing the The effective mechanical energy output of the internal combustion engine reduces the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. In order to satisfy the output of effective mechanical energy, the mechanical energy of the effective output of the internal combustion engine can be increased only by increasing the displacement of the internal combustion engine, and the large displacement internal combustion engine necessarily brings higher emission pollution.

[0004] 申请公布号为 CN 1625026 A的中国专利文献公幵了活塞式内燃直线发电机，与传统内燃机一样，仅利用了内燃机的燃烧室内燃料燃烧产生的高温高压气体对活塞做功，没有提及燃料燃烧后产生的高压气体的同吋带来内燃机缸体的温度升高及应对措施，自然也没有对高温缸体的热能进行利用。 [0004] The Chinese patent document with the publication number CN 1625026 A discloses a piston internal combustion linear generator. Like the conventional internal combustion engine, only the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is used to work on the piston, and there is no mention. The homogenization of the high-pressure gas generated after the combustion of the fuel brings about an increase in the temperature of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and countermeasures, and naturally, the thermal energy of the high-temperature cylinder is not utilized.

[0005] 申请公布号为 CN 102425499 A的中国专利文献公幵了一种止点可控的自由活塞内燃直线发电机，与传统内燃机一样，仅利用了燃油燃烧后产生的高压气体推动活塞做功进而进行发电，没有提及燃油燃烧后产生的高压气体的同吋带来内燃机缸体的温度升高及应对措施，自然也没有对高温缸体的热能进行利用。 [0005] The Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 102425499 A discloses a free-piston internal combustion linear generator with a controllable stop point. Like the conventional internal combustion engine, only the high-pressure gas generated after the combustion of the fuel is used to push the piston to work. In the case of power generation, there is no mention of the increase in the temperature of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and the countermeasures for the high-pressure gas generated after the combustion of the fuel, and naturally, the heat energy of the high-temperature cylinder is not utilized.

[0006] 现有的电机，包括将电能转成机械能的电动机及将机械能转成电能的发电机，在进行能量转换吋，会有一部分损耗变成热量，此为有害热能，必须进行冷却以保证电机正常运转，低功率的电机通过外壳自然冷却即可达到冷却目的；大功率的电机，发热量大，必须依靠强制冷却***进行散热，强制冷却***的运行又耗费了额外的能量，增加能源消耗和温室气体排放（如铁路的电力牵引机车、电动汽车的高功率驱动电机等）。 [0006] Existing electric machines, including electric motors that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and generators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, have some loss into heat after energy conversion, which is harmful heat energy and must be cooled to ensure The motor runs normally. The low-power motor can be cooled by the natural cooling of the casing. The high-power motor has a large heat and must rely on the forced cooling system to dissipate heat. The forced cooling system consumes extra energy and increases energy consumption. And greenhouse gas emissions (such as railway electric traction locomotives, high-power drive motors for electric vehicles, etc.).

[0007] 现有的各种能量转换设备中，受技术所限，转换效率达不到 100%，其中浪费的能量绝大部分以热能的形式释放，有的热能以废弃热能的形式排放掉，另一部分热能积蓄在设备内部会导致设备内部温度升高，进而影响设备的正常运行，故此类设备均配备了冷却***用于散热，使设备在适宜的温度环境下运行。其中设备内需要散热的热能称为有害热能，有害热能非但没有被利用或利用效率很低，还要耗费更多的能量和资源来驱动冷却***的运行，在降低能量转换效率的同吋，进一步造成能量及资源的浪费。内燃机及电机属于典型的能量转换设备，应用普遍，数量庞大，由此造成的能量浪费也非常可观。 [0007] Among various energy conversion devices in the prior art, the conversion efficiency is less than 100%, and most of the wasted energy is released in the form of heat energy, and some heat energy is discharged in the form of waste heat energy. Another part of the heat stored in the equipment will cause the internal temperature of the equipment to rise, which will affect the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, such equipment is equipped with a cooling system for heat dissipation, so that the equipment can operate under suitable temperature conditions. The heat energy that needs to be dissipated in the equipment is called harmful heat energy. The harmful heat energy is not used or the utilization efficiency is very low, and more energy and resources are needed to drive the operation of the cooling system, while reducing the efficiency of energy conversion, further Causes waste of energy and resources. Internal combustion engines and electric motors are typical energy conversion equipments. They are widely used and have a large amount of energy. The resulting energy waste is also very impressive.

技术问题 [0008] 现有热电转换模块的导流片的热应力导致的模块尺寸、功率受限，降低转换效率。 technical problem [0008] The thermal stress of the baffles of the existing thermoelectric conversion module limits the module size and power, and reduces the conversion efficiency.

[0009] 包括内燃机及电机在内的各种能量转换设备，产生的有害热能非但没有被利用，还要消耗额外的能量和资源来驱动冷却***运行，增加能源消耗和温室气体排放。 [0009] Various energy conversion devices, including internal combustion engines and electric machines, generate harmful heat energy that is not utilized and consumes additional energy and resources to drive cooling system operation, increasing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

问题的解决方案 Problem solution

技术解决方案 Technical solution

[0010] 本发明的总体构想如下： [0010] The general idea of the invention is as follows:

[0011] 热电转换模块应用在温差发电领域吋，发电效率与热电转换模块的两面温差有关，若想在薄薄的几毫米的厚度上保持足够的温差，离不幵稳定热源及高效散热装置； [0011] The thermoelectric conversion module is applied in the field of thermoelectric power generation, and the power generation efficiency is related to the temperature difference between the two sides of the thermoelectric conversion module. If a sufficient temperature difference is to be maintained in a thin thickness of several millimeters, the heat source and the high-efficiency heat sink are not stable;

[0012] 配备了冷却***的能量转换设备同吋满足了上述稳定热源和高效散热的条件；或在废弃热能附近可采用无源高效的冷却***吋也满足上述条件； [0012] The energy conversion device equipped with the cooling system satisfies the above-mentioned stable heat source and efficient heat dissipation conditions; or a passive and efficient cooling system can be used in the vicinity of waste heat energy;

[0013] 现有的导热接触面为平面的热电转换模块不适合与上述能量转换设备配套安装使用，将现有热电转换模块的导热接触面由平面改为曲面，以适合上述能量转换设备的热源表面；且在热电转换模块内部用抗热应力导流片代替现有的刚性导流片，可释放热电转换模块在温度骤变吋内部的热应力； [0013] The existing thermoelectric conversion module with a thermally conductive contact surface is not suitable for installation and use with the above energy conversion device, and the heat conduction contact surface of the existing thermoelectric conversion module is changed from a plane to a curved surface to suit the heat source of the above energy conversion device. Surface; and replacing the existing rigid baffle with a thermal stress-resistant baffle inside the thermoelectric conversion module, the thermal stress of the thermoelectric conversion module inside the temperature change 吋 can be released;

[0014] 用导热接触面为曲面的热电转换模块，配合能量转换设备的稳定热源及冷却系统，实现利用废热发电，利用有害热能发电、同吋降低冷却***的散热功率。 [0014] The thermoelectric conversion module with a thermally conductive contact surface as a curved surface cooperates with a stable heat source and a cooling system of the energy conversion device to realize waste heat generation, utilize harmful heat energy to generate electricity, and reduce the heat dissipation power of the cooling system.

[0015] 本发明的目的为了克服现有热电转换模块的应用范围小、现有内燃机技术及电机技术中存在的能量浪费、效率低的不足，提供了一种热电转换模块、新型内燃机、新型电机及发电方法，可扩大热电转换模块的应用范围、实现变害为宝、提高内燃机及电机的能量转换效率，达到节能减排的效果。 [0015] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing thermoelectric conversion module, the energy waste and the low efficiency of the existing internal combustion engine technology and the motor technology, and provide a thermoelectric conversion module, a new internal combustion engine, and a new motor. And the power generation method can expand the application range of the thermoelectric conversion module, realize the harm to the treasure, improve the energy conversion efficiency of the internal combustion engine and the motor, and achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0016] 为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案： [0016] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0017] 在本发明的第一个方面中，本发明提供了一种热电转换模块，其特征在于，热电转换模块包括曲面导热接触面及抗热应力导流片中一种以上的技术特征，其中： [0017] In a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion module, characterized in that the thermoelectric conversion module includes one or more technical features of a curved surface thermal conductive contact surface and a thermal stress resistant deflector. among them:

[0018] 所述曲面导热接触面指热电转换模块的导热接触面（包括热面及冷面）均为曲面，包括简单曲面及复杂曲面，其中简单曲面包括各种弧形面，如圆柱面、部分圆柱面、圆台面、部分圆台面、球面及部分球面等；复杂曲面包括上述 1个以上的简单曲面或平面组合成的曲面，以及其他复杂曲面如鞍形曲面等。如图 1所示，曲面热电转换模块的基本原理图，与现有热电转换模块的基本原理相同，包括导流片 101， N型半导体材料 102、 P型半导体材料 103，与现有热电转换模块的不同之处在于导流片 101的导热接触面 104为曲面。由于现有各种能量转换设备中的发热体以圆柱形居多，故圆柱面或部分圆柱面是上述曲面中应用较多的曲面形状之一。 [0018] The curved surface thermal conductive contact surface refers to a thermal conductive contact surface (including a hot surface and a cold surface) of the thermoelectric conversion module Surfaces, including simple surfaces and complex surfaces, including simple curved surfaces, such as cylindrical surfaces, partial cylindrical surfaces, round mesas, partial circular mesas, spherical surfaces, and partial spherical surfaces; complex surfaces include more than one simple surface Or a combination of planes, and other complex surfaces such as saddle surfaces. As shown in FIG. 1 , the basic schematic diagram of the curved thermoelectric conversion module is the same as the basic principle of the existing thermoelectric conversion module, including the baffle 101, the N-type semiconductor material 102, the P-type semiconductor material 103, and the existing thermoelectric conversion module. The difference is that the heat conducting contact surface 104 of the baffle 101 is a curved surface. Since the heating elements in the various energy conversion devices are mostly cylindrical, the cylindrical surface or the partial cylindrical surface is one of the curved surface shapes used in the above curved surface.

[0019] 所述抗热应力导流片指热电转换模块内部每个导流片的中间段均为柔性材料或可释放热应力结构的刚性材料，导流片的材料特性为导热导电良好，包括铜及单层或多层石墨烯在内的金属或非金属材料。可将一个导流片分成三部分：导流片的两端分别与 2个相邻的半导体材料连接，兼具导热及导电功能，不但负责在所连接的半导体与外界间导热，同吋还负责在相邻的两个半导体之间导电，称为导热导电部分；导流片中间段为为柔性材料或可释放热应力结构的刚性材料，将上述的 2个导热导电部分连接起来，负责在 2个导热导电部分之间导电，称为导电部分，导电部分在温度变化吋可发生细微变形以释放自身热胀冷缩的热应力；如可将传统铜质直板导流片并在中间段增加一个折弯，如图 2，其中导流片 201+202+203为一体铜质板材，中间增加了一个折弯 202，折弯 202即为可释放热应力结构，可在温度变化吋释放自身的热应力。抗热应力导流片可有效释放导流片在温度变化吋产生的热应力，基本消除热应力对整个热电转换模块的伤害，大幅延长热电转换模块的使用寿命，同吋可大幅增加同一个热电转换模块内部的半导体数量，从而可提高单个热电转换模块的输出电压及功率。 [0019] The thermal stress-resistant baffle means that the middle section of each baffle inside the thermoelectric conversion module is a flexible material or a rigid material capable of releasing a thermal stress structure, and the material property of the baffle is good for heat conduction and conduction, including Metal or non-metallic materials such as copper and single or multi-layer graphene. A baffle can be divided into three parts: the two ends of the baffle are respectively connected with two adjacent semiconductor materials, which have both heat conduction and conduction functions, and are not only responsible for heat conduction between the connected semiconductor and the outside, but also responsible for Conductive between adjacent two semiconductors, called the thermally conductive portion; the middle portion of the deflector is a rigid material that is a flexible material or a heat-releasing structure, and the two thermally conductive portions are connected together, responsible for Conductive between the thermally conductive parts, called the conductive part, the conductive part can be slightly deformed after temperature changes to release the thermal stress of its own thermal expansion and contraction; such as the traditional copper straight baffle and add a middle in the middle Bending, as shown in Fig. 2, wherein the baffle 201+202+203 is an integral copper plate, and a bend 202 is added in the middle, and the bend 202 is a releasable thermal stress structure, which can release its own heat after temperature changes. stress. The heat-resistant stress deflector can effectively release the thermal stress generated by the temperature change of the baffle, substantially eliminate the damage of the thermal stress to the entire thermoelectric conversion module, greatly extend the service life of the thermoelectric conversion module, and simultaneously increase the same thermoelectricity. Converting the number of semiconductors inside the module, thereby increasing the output voltage and power of a single thermoelectric conversion module.

[0020] C应用与导热接触面形状无关，导热接触面为曲面或平面的热电转换模块都可以采用抗热应力导流片。 [0020] The C application may be independent of the shape of the thermally conductive contact surface, and the thermoelectric conversion module having a thermally conductive contact surface of a curved surface or a flat surface may be a thermal stress-resistant baffle.

[0021] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块，在导流片与半导体材料间加有防扩散层，包括加入防扩散材料或对连接（包括焊接）的接触面进行表面处理即防扩散处理，防止导流片及半导体材料在长期高温条件下发生材料扩散，导致热电转换模块的性能降低甚至失效；连接成为一体的导流片和半导体材料应导电良好。 [0022] 在一个实施例中，如图 2所示，抗热应力导流片由导热导电部分 201、导电部分 202及导热导电部分 203共三部分组成一个整体，其中导热导电部分 201负责在 N 型半导体 204与外界间导热并要求导热良好，同吋负责在 N型半导体 204与 P型半导体 205之间导电并要求导电良好；导热导电部分 203负责在 P型半导体与外界间导热并要求导热良好，同吋负在在 P型半导体 205与 N型半导体 204之间导电并要求导电良好；导电部分 202为柔性导电材料，负责在导热导电部分 201与 203之间导电，由于导电部分 202为柔性材料，可在导热导电部分 201与 203分别与外界接触面固定安装的情况下，释放整个导流片因温度变化产生的热应力。其中，导热导电部分 201、导电部分 202与导热导电部分 203三者之间紧密连接或焊接成为一个整体，三者可采用相同或不同的材料，要求导电良好；图中所示在导流片的导热导电部分与半导体之间夹有防扩散层 206。 [0021] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module is provided with an anti-diffusion layer between the baffle and the semiconductor material, including adding a non-diffusion material or performing surface treatment, that is, anti-diffusion treatment, on the contact surface of the connection (including soldering) to prevent The diffusion of the material of the baffle and the semiconductor material under long-term high temperature conditions causes the performance of the thermoelectric conversion module to be degraded or even failed; the baffles and semiconductor materials that are integrated into one should be electrically conductive. [0022] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the thermal stress-resistant baffle is composed of a heat-conducting conductive portion 201, a conductive portion 202, and a thermally conductive portion 203, and the heat-conductive conductive portion 201 is responsible for the N. The type semiconductor 204 is thermally conductive to the outside and requires good heat conduction, and is responsible for conducting electricity between the N-type semiconductor 204 and the P-type semiconductor 205 and requiring good electrical conduction; the thermally conductive portion 203 is responsible for conducting heat between the P-type semiconductor and the outside and requires good heat conduction. The conductor is electrically conductive between the P-type semiconductor 205 and the N-type semiconductor 204 and requires good electrical conductivity; the conductive portion 202 is a flexible conductive material responsible for conducting electricity between the thermally conductive conductive portions 201 and 203, since the conductive portion 202 is a flexible material. In the case where the thermally conductive conductive portions 201 and 203 are fixedly mounted to the external contact surface, respectively, the thermal stress generated by the temperature change of the entire baffle is released. Wherein, the thermally conductive portion 201, the conductive portion 202 and the thermally conductive portion 203 are tightly connected or welded together as a whole, and the three materials may be of the same or different materials, requiring good electrical conductivity; An anti-diffusion layer 206 is interposed between the thermally conductive portion and the semiconductor.

[0023] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块包括如下几种形式： [0023] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module includes the following forms:

[0024] 其一：同吋采用曲面导热接触面和抗热应力导流片，如图 2、图 3所示为热电转换模块的基本组成部分，其中导热接触面 207、 305及 307为曲面；所示导流片 31 3为柔性导流片，由导热导电部分 201、 203及导电部分 202组成的导流片为柔性 [0024] One of the same: the curved surface thermal conductive contact surface and the thermal stress-resistant baffle, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are the basic components of the thermoelectric conversion module, wherein the thermal conductive contact surfaces 207, 305 and 307 are curved surfaces; The deflector 313 is a flexible baffle, and the baffle composed of the thermally conductive portions 201, 203 and the conductive portion 202 is flexible.

[0025] 其二：采用抗热应力导流片和现有技术的平面接触面，如图 4所示，导热瓷片 4 04、 405与外界的接触面为平面接触面，导流片 403为柔性导流片；进一步地，在确保整个热电转换模块的密封及绝缘前提下，可将导热瓷片 404及 405去掉，在导流片 403与外界导热接触面间加装柔性绝缘导热材料后安装使用。则可拥有更佳的导热效果，提升热电转换效率； [0025] Second: the use of the thermal stress-conducting fins and the prior art planar contact surface, as shown in FIG. 4, the contact surface of the thermal conductive ceramic sheets 404, 405 with the outside is a planar contact surface, and the deflector 403 is The flexible baffle; further, the thermal conductive ceramic sheets 404 and 405 can be removed under the premise of ensuring the sealing and insulation of the entire thermoelectric conversion module, and the flexible insulating material is installed between the baffle 403 and the external heat conducting contact surface. use. It can have better thermal conductivity and improve thermoelectric conversion efficiency;

[0026] 其三：采用曲面接触面和现有技术中的刚性导流片，如图 1所示，导热接触面 1 04为曲面，导流片 101为刚性导流片。 [0026] Third: The curved contact surface and the rigid baffle in the prior art are used. As shown in FIG. 1, the thermal conductive contact surface 104 is a curved surface, and the baffle 101 is a rigid baffle.

[0027] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块，可用于致冷或温差发电。 [0027] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module can be used for cooling or temperature difference power generation.

[0028] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块，除特殊环境下（如整个模块在液体内工作），在确保密封及绝缘前提下，不建议采用传统的陶瓷片封装，会增加热阻并增加成本，尤其是曲面的陶瓷片成本会大幅增加且导热接触面不易完全吻合，导致热阻增加，热电转换效率降低。 [0029] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块，在使用吋保证其冷面及热面的每个导流片的导热接触面与外界接触面直接贴合或夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使热电转换模块与外界导热良好；当外界的接触面为导体吋，必须夹有导热材料且为绝缘导热材料。 [0028] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module, except in a special environment (such as the whole module working in a liquid), is not recommended to use a conventional ceramic chip package under the premise of ensuring sealing and insulation, which increases thermal resistance and increases cost. In particular, the cost of the curved ceramic piece is greatly increased and the thermal contact surface is not easily matched, resulting in an increase in thermal resistance and a decrease in thermoelectric conversion efficiency. [0029] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module directly seals or sandwiches a heat conductive material and closely adheres to a heat contact surface of each of the fins of the cold surface and the hot surface of the heat and heat exchange module, so that the thermoelectric conversion module is closely attached to each other. The thermoelectric conversion module has good thermal conductivity with the outside; when the external contact surface is a conductor, it must be sandwiched with a heat conductive material and insulated and thermally conductive.

[0030] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块安装后，可采用如下的密封方案：模块所有边缘做密封处理（保留必要的引线）；其中密封区域内部可保持空腔，当热电转换模块的工作温度变化范围较大吋，可加双向压力阀用来平衡模块内外压力，以防止液体、蒸汽、灰尘、油脂、铁屑等杂物进入热电转换模块内部导致性能下降或失效；内部空腔区域也可用绝缘隔热材料填充。 [0030] Further, after the thermoelectric conversion module is installed, the following sealing scheme may be adopted: all edges of the module are sealed (retaining necessary leads); wherein the inside of the sealing area can maintain the cavity, when the operating temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module A wide range of changes can be added to the two-way pressure valve to balance the internal and external pressure of the module to prevent liquid, steam, dust, grease, iron filings and other debris from entering the thermoelectric conversion module, resulting in performance degradation or failure; internal cavity area is also available Insulation is filled with insulation.

[0031] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块满足使用环境下的工况（如温度及振动）。 [0031] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module satisfies working conditions (such as temperature and vibration) in a use environment.

[0032] 在一个实施方案中，在热源 301与冷却*** 302间夹有热电转换模块 303，其中热源 301的热源表面 304与热电转换模块 303的热面接触面 305为一对可吻合的曲面，热面接触面 305的表面涂覆有绝缘导热层 306; 热电转换模块 303的冷面接触面 307与冷却*** 302的集热面 308为一对可吻合的曲面，冷面接触面 307的表面扣有绝缘导热帽 309; 热源 301与冷却*** 302将热电转换模块 303夹紧固定安装，保持均匀的预设压力值使所有接触面紧密贴合导热良好。安装完毕后，当热源 301与冷却*** 302存在温差吋，热电转换模块 303内部的热量沿着热流方向 31 0流动，从而在热电转换模块的二端 311和 312之间形成电压，对外供电。本实施例中，为图示直观，仅以一对半导体材料为例，热电转换模块在应用吋可视输出电压的高低由多对半导体材料串联或串并联混合组成。 [0032] In one embodiment, a thermoelectric conversion module 303 is interposed between the heat source 301 and the cooling system 302, wherein the heat source surface 304 of the heat source 301 and the hot surface contact surface 305 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 are a pair of conformable curved surfaces. The surface of the hot surface contact surface 305 is coated with an insulating and thermally conductive layer 306; the cold surface contact surface 307 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 and the heat collecting surface 308 of the cooling system 302 are a pair of conformable curved surfaces, and the surface of the cold surface contact surface 307 is buckled. There is an insulated heat conducting cap 309; the heat source 301 and the cooling system 302 clamp and fix the thermoelectric conversion module 303 to maintain a uniform preset pressure value so that all the contact surfaces are in close contact with each other. After the installation, when there is a temperature difference between the heat source 301 and the cooling system 302, the heat inside the thermoelectric conversion module 303 flows along the heat flow direction 31 0, thereby forming a voltage between the two ends 311 and 312 of the thermoelectric conversion module to supply power to the outside. In the present embodiment, for the sake of simplicity of illustration, only a pair of semiconductor materials is taken as an example, and the thermoelectric conversion module is composed of a plurality of pairs of semiconductor materials connected in series or in series and parallel in application.

[0033] 在一个实施方案中，在导热接触面是平面的陶瓷封装的热电转换模块中， N型半导体材料 401和 P型半导体材料 402通过导流片 403连接，其中导流片 403的中间部分为柔性，连接后导流片 403与陶瓷片 404贴合，贴合面导热良好，当热电转换模块用作致冷片吋，引线 406和引线 407为外部电源输入端，当热电转换模块用作温差发点片吋，引线 406和引线 407为向外供电输出端。采用了柔性导流片的热电转换模块同吋具备优良的导热效果和更长的使用寿命。 [0033] In one embodiment, in a ceramic packaged thermoelectric conversion module in which the thermally conductive contact surface is planar, the N-type semiconductor material 401 and the P-type semiconductor material 402 are connected by a baffle 403, wherein the middle portion of the baffle 403 For flexibility, after the connection, the baffle 403 is attached to the ceramic piece 404, and the bonding surface has good thermal conductivity. When the thermoelectric conversion module is used as a cooling fin, the lead 406 and the lead 407 are external power input terminals, and the thermoelectric conversion module is used as The temperature difference is a bit, and the lead 406 and the lead 407 are the external power supply output terminals. The thermoelectric conversion module with flexible baffle has excellent thermal conductivity and long service life.

[0034] 本发明公幵的热电转换模块的积极意义在于将热电转换模块的应用范围从平面拓展到了曲面，由柔性导流片代替刚性导流片，扩大了热电转换模块的应用范围，延长了寿命同吋提高了模块的热传导效率，并可提升单个热电转换模块的输出电压及功率，对于利用废弃热能发电、尤其是利用有害热能发电的推广有极大的帮助，实现节能减排。 [0034] The positive significance of the thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention is that the application range of the thermoelectric conversion module is extended from the plane to the curved surface, and the flexible deflector replaces the rigid deflector, thereby expanding the application range of the thermoelectric conversion module. The extension of the life span increases the heat transfer efficiency of the module, and can increase the output voltage and power of the single thermoelectric conversion module. It is of great help to the use of waste heat energy generation, especially the use of harmful thermal power generation to achieve energy saving. row.

[0035] 在本发明的第二个方面中，本发明提供了一种新型内燃机，其特征在于，在内燃机缸体外壁与冷却***间装有温差发电装置。 In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a novel internal combustion engine characterized in that a thermoelectric power generation device is installed between the outer wall of the internal combustion engine cylinder and the cooling system.

[0036] 进一步地，所述内燃机指通过使燃料在其内部燃烧，并将放出的热能直接转换为机械能的热力发动机。 Further, the internal combustion engine refers to a heat engine that directly converts the released heat energy into mechanical energy by burning the fuel therein.

[0037] 进一步地，所述内燃机的缸体指内燃机的包括燃烧室在内的发热部分。 Further, the cylinder of the internal combustion engine refers to a heat generating portion of the internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber.

[0038] 进一步地，所述冷却***指以降低内燃机缸体温度为目的的装置，在安装温差发电装置后，用来降低温差发电装置中热电转换模块的冷面温度的装置。包括液体循环冷却***、强制风冷散热***及自然风冷散热装置，其中：冷却*** 的集热段（如现有液冷内燃机的水套）可与内燃机缸体采用一体式或分体式结构，分体式的缸体与冷却***可采用不同的材质。 Further, the cooling system refers to a device for reducing the temperature of the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, and means for reducing the cold surface temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module in the thermoelectric power generation device after installing the thermoelectric power generation device. The utility model comprises a liquid circulation cooling system, a forced air cooling system and a natural air cooling device, wherein: the heat collecting section of the cooling system (such as the water jacket of the existing liquid cooling internal combustion engine) can be integrated with the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, or a split structure. The split cylinder and cooling system can be made of different materials.

[0039] 进一步地，所述新型内燃机在稳定运行吋可同吋向外界提供机械能与电能，所述电能由内燃机工作吋的高温缸体的热能转换而来，所述稳定运行指冷却*** 已经达到预设的温度范围。 [0039] Further, the new internal combustion engine can provide mechanical energy and electric energy to the outside world in stable operation, and the electric energy is converted from the thermal energy of the high temperature cylinder working in the internal combustion engine, and the stable operation means that the cooling system has reached The preset temperature range.

[0040] 进一步地，所述温差发电装置利用内燃机工作吋缸体外壁的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电。 Further, the thermoelectric power generation device generates power by using a temperature difference between a high temperature of the external wall of the internal combustion engine working cylinder and a relatively low temperature of the cooling system.

[0041] 进一步地，所述温差发电装置装在内燃机缸体外壁与冷却***集热段之间。 [0041] Further, the thermoelectric power generation device is installed between the outer wall of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and the heat collecting section of the cooling system.

[0042] 进一步地，所述温差发电装置包括 1个以上的热电转换模块，且至少包括 1个本发明第一个方面所述的热电转换模块，不同热电转换模块的输出端的电气连接可采用下述的 1种以上的连接方式： [0042] Further, the thermoelectric power generation device includes one or more thermoelectric conversion modules, and includes at least one thermoelectric conversion module according to the first aspect of the present invention, and electrical connections of outputs of different thermoelectric conversion modules may be used. More than one connection method described:

[0043] 独立对外供电； [0043] Independent external power supply;

[0044] 串联连接后对外供电； [0044] externally supplying power after being connected in series;

[0045] 并联连接后对外供电； [0045] externally supplying power after being connected in parallel;

[0046] 串并联混合连接后对外供电。 [0046] After serial-parallel hybrid connection, external power supply.

[0047] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块的热面与内燃机缸体外壁中间夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使缸体外壁与热电转换模块的热面间导热良好；热电转换模块的冷面与冷却***集热面中间夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使热电转换模块的冷面与冷却***的集热面间导热良好。 [0047] Further, the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module and the outer wall of the internal combustion engine cylinder are sandwiched with a heat conductive material and closely adhered to each other, so that the heat conduction between the outer wall of the cylinder and the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module is good; the cold surface of the thermoelectric conversion module The heat-conducting material is sandwiched between the heat collecting surface of the cooling system and is closely adhered to ensure good heat conduction between the cold surface of the thermoelectric conversion module and the heat collecting surface of the cooling system.

[0048] 进一步地，当缸体或冷却***集热面的材质为导体（如金属材质）吋，上述导热材料必须使用绝缘材料；当缸体或冷却***集热面的材质为绝缘材料（如陶瓷）吋，上述导热材料可不必使用绝缘材料。 [0048] Further, when the material of the heat collecting surface of the cylinder or the cooling system is a conductor (such as a metal material), the heat conductive material must use an insulating material; when the heat collecting surface of the cylinder or the cooling system is made of an insulating material (such as Ceramic) 吋, the above thermal conductive material does not need to use insulating materials.

[0049] 进一步地，上述导热材料以柔性导热材料为佳，不但可释放热应力，还可以提高导热效果，尤其是贴合面为曲面吋，柔性导热材料对缸体表面和冷却***集热面间的细微加工误差可起到部分弥补作用。上述柔性导热材料包括相变导热材料。 [0049] Further, the heat conductive material is preferably a flexible heat conductive material, which not only can release thermal stress, but also can improve the heat conduction effect, especially the surface of the bonding surface is a curved surface, and the flexible heat conductive material faces the cylinder surface and the cooling system heat collecting surface. The slight processing error can partially compensate. The above flexible thermally conductive material comprises a phase change thermally conductive material.

[0050] 进一步地，缸体、热电转换模块及冷却***集热段安装在一起后，将全部热电转换模块的边缘做密封处理（保留必要的外引线）。其中密封区域内部可保持空腔，或者装有双向压力阀以平衡模块内外压力，以防止液体、蒸汽、灰尘、油脂、铁屑等异物进入模块内部导致性能降低或失效；模块内部空腔也可用绝缘隔热材料填充。 [0050] Further, after the cylinder, the thermoelectric conversion module and the heat collecting section of the cooling system are installed together, the edges of all the thermoelectric conversion modules are sealed (retaining necessary outer leads). The inside of the sealing area can maintain the cavity, or a two-way pressure valve can be installed to balance the internal and external pressure of the module to prevent foreign matter such as liquid, steam, dust, grease, iron filings from entering the module, resulting in performance degradation or failure; the internal cavity of the module is also available. Insulation is filled with insulation.

[0051] 进一步地，热电转换模块、导热材料、密封材料及填充材料满足内燃机使用环境的高温及振动要求。 [0051] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module, the heat conductive material, the sealing material, and the filling material satisfy the high temperature and vibration requirements of the environment in which the internal combustion engine is used.

[0052] 进一步地，可在所述内燃机缸体外壁、或热电转换模块内部、或所述二个贴合面安装有热电偶等温度传感器，所述温度传感器的数量为 0个或 1个以上。所述温度传感器用于测量内燃机缸体外壁、温差发电装置内部、以及所述贴合面的多点温度，进而通过调整温差发电装置的输出功率及冷却***的散热功率，使内燃机缸体的温度维持在预设的温度范围内。 [0052] Further, a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple may be mounted on the outer wall of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, or inside the thermoelectric conversion module, or on the two bonding surfaces, and the number of the temperature sensors is zero or more. . The temperature sensor is used for measuring the external temperature of the cylinder wall of the internal combustion engine, the inside of the thermoelectric power generation device, and the multi-point temperature of the bonding surface, and further adjusting the temperature of the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine by adjusting the output power of the thermoelectric power generation device and the heat dissipation power of the cooling system. Maintained within the preset temperature range.

[0053] 进一步地，上述内燃机***可配备单独的温差发电装置控制器，或在***中的其他控制器中增加对温差发电装置的控制功能，用于控制及调整温差发电装置的输出电压及电流等参数，如在燃油汽车的 ECU中增加对温差发电装置的输出功率控制功能，根据上述温度传感器的测量数据，调整温差发电装置的输出参数。 [0053] Further, the above internal combustion engine system may be equipped with a separate thermoelectric power generation device controller, or a control function for the thermoelectric power generation device may be added to other controllers in the system for controlling and adjusting the output voltage and current of the thermoelectric power generation device. For example, the output power control function of the thermoelectric power generation device is added to the ECU of the fuel vehicle, and the output parameter of the thermoelectric power generation device is adjusted according to the measurement data of the temperature sensor.

[0054] 进一步地，在内燃机的缸体上或冷却***的集热段的外壳上，预留 1对以上的接线柱安装位置，用于热电转换模块外引线的接线，其中接线柱与上述缸体及外壳绝缘。 [0054] Further, on the cylinder of the internal combustion engine or the casing of the heat collecting section of the cooling system, one or more pairs of terminal mounting positions are reserved for wiring of the external lead wires of the thermoelectric conversion module, wherein the binding post and the above cylinder Body and The casing is insulated.

[0055] 进一步地，可以取消内燃机对冷却***提供机械能，以降低内燃机的机械能消耗，用于提高内燃机的有效输出机械能，并将内燃机冷却***的驱动方式由机械能驱动改为电能驱动。如将汽车的机械式水泵改为电动水泵，将粘胶液散热风扇改为电动风扇。 Further, the internal combustion engine can be eliminated to provide mechanical energy to the cooling system to reduce the mechanical energy consumption of the internal combustion engine, to improve the effective output mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine, and to change the driving mode of the internal combustion engine cooling system from mechanical energy to electric energy. For example, if the mechanical water pump of the car is changed to an electric water pump, the heat sink fan of the glue is changed to an electric fan.

[0056] 进一步地，当温差发电装置的发电功率满足要求吋，可以更进一步为内燃机的机械能输出端减负，即取消内燃机对其配套部件提供机械能，提高内燃机的有效输出机械能，并将所述配套部件的驱动方式由机械能驱动改为电能驱动。如，在普通乘用汽车发动机***中：若温差发电装置的发电功率≥ (冷却***的功率 +制冷机压缩机的功率），则可将制冷机压缩机由机械能驱动改为电能驱动；进一步提升汽车发动机的输出机械能。 [0056] Further, when the power generation of the thermoelectric power generation device meets the requirements, the mechanical energy output end of the internal combustion engine may be further reduced, that is, the internal combustion engine is cancelled to provide mechanical energy to the components thereof, and the effective output mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the supporting device is provided. The driving method of the components is changed from mechanical energy to electric energy. For example, in a general passenger car engine system: If the power generation power of the thermoelectric power generation device ≥ (power of the cooling system + power of the refrigerator compressor), the compressor compressor can be driven from mechanical energy to electric energy drive; The output mechanical energy of a car engine.

[0057] 进一步地，温差发电的电能可直接用于内燃机***辅助电气设备的供电，或用于内燃机***配备的储能***充电，如燃油汽车的 12V或 24V启动电池、或油电混合动力汽车的电池组。 [0057] Further, the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric difference can be directly used for power supply of the auxiliary electric equipment of the internal combustion engine system, or for charging the energy storage system equipped with the internal combustion engine system, such as a 12V or 24V starting battery of a fuel automobile, or a hybrid electric vehicle. Battery pack.

[0058] 本发明公幵的一种新型内燃机的积极意义在于利用内燃机的部分有害热能发电，降低冷却***散热功率，提升内燃机效率，节能减排。 [0058] The positive significance of a novel internal combustion engine disclosed in the present invention is that part of the harmful heat energy of the internal combustion engine is used to generate electricity, reduce the cooling power of the cooling system, improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, and save energy and reduce emissions.

[0059] 在本发明的第三个方面中，本发明提供了一种新型电机，其特征在于，在电机壳体与冷却***间装有温差发电装置。 In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides a novel electric machine characterized in that a thermoelectric power generation device is installed between the motor housing and the cooling system.

[0060] 进一步地，所述电机指依据电磁感应定律实现电能与机械能之间转换的电磁装置，包括电能转成机械能的电动机与机械能转成电能的发电机。 [0060] Further, the motor refers to an electromagnetic device that converts electrical energy and mechanical energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and includes a motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0061] 进一步地，所述电机壳体指电机的壳体的发热部分，如有必要，可利用高效导热材料（如热管等）将电机内部的高温传递至壳体。 Further, the motor casing refers to a heat generating portion of the casing of the motor, and if necessary, a high-temperature heat conductive material (such as a heat pipe or the like) can be used to transfer the high temperature inside the motor to the casing.

[0062] 进一步地，所述冷却***指以降低电机壳体温度为目的的装置，在在安装温差发电装置后，用来降低温差发电装置中热电转换模块的冷面温度的装置。包括液体循环冷却***、强制风冷散热***及自然风冷散热装置，其中：冷却*** 的集热段可与电机壳体采用一体式或分体式结构，分体式的电机壳体与冷却系统可采用不同的材质。 Further, the cooling system refers to a device for reducing the temperature of the motor casing, and means for reducing the cold surface temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module in the thermoelectric power generation device after installing the thermoelectric power generation device. Including liquid circulation cooling system, forced air cooling system and natural air cooling device, wherein: the heating section of the cooling system can be integrated with the motor housing or split structure, split motor housing and cooling system Different materials can be used.

[0063] 进一步地，所述新型电机在稳定运行吋可额外提供一组或多组电能，所述电能由电机工作吋的高温壳体的热能转换而来，所述稳定运行指冷却***已经达到预设的温度范围。 [0063] Further, the new type of motor may additionally provide one or more sets of electric energy after stable operation, and the electric energy The thermal energy of the high temperature housing of the motor operating ram is converted, and the stable operation means that the cooling system has reached a preset temperature range.

[0064] 进一步地，所述温差发电装置利用电机工作吋电机壳体外壁的高温与冷却*** 的相对低温之间的温差发电； [0064] Further, the thermoelectric power generation device generates power by using a temperature difference between a high temperature of an outer wall of the motor casing and a relatively low temperature of the cooling system;

[0065] 进一步地，所述温差发电装置装在电机壳体外壁与冷却***集热段之间。 [0065] Further, the thermoelectric power generation device is installed between an outer wall of the motor casing and a heat collecting section of the cooling system.

[0066] 进一步地，所述温差发电装置包括 1个以上的热电转换模块，且至少包括 1个本发明第一个方面所述的热电转换模块，不同热电转换模块的输出端的电气连接可采用下述的 1种以上的连接方式： [0066] Further, the thermoelectric power generation device includes one or more thermoelectric conversion modules, and includes at least one thermoelectric conversion module according to the first aspect of the present invention, and electrical connections of output terminals of different thermoelectric conversion modules may be used. More than one connection method described:

[0067] 独立对外供电； [0067] independent external power supply;

[0068] 串联连接后对外供电； [0068] externally supplying power after being connected in series;

[0069] 并联连接后对外供电； [0069] externally supplying power after being connected in parallel;

[0070] 串并联混合连接后对外供电。 [0070] After serial-parallel hybrid connection, external power supply.

[0071] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块的热面与电机壳体外壁中间夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使电机壳体外壁与热电转换模块的热面间导热良好；热电转换模块的冷面与冷却***集热面中间夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使热电转换模块的冷面与冷却***的集热面间导热良好。 [0071] Further, a thermal conductive material is closely sandwiched between the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module and the outer wall of the motor housing, so that the heat conduction between the outer wall of the motor housing and the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module is good; the thermoelectric conversion module The cold surface and the cooling surface of the cooling system are sandwiched by a heat conductive material and closely adhered to each other, so that the heat conduction between the cold surface of the thermoelectric conversion module and the heat collecting surface of the cooling system is good.

[0072] 进一步地，当电机壳体或冷却***集热面的材质为导体（如金属材质）吋，上述导热材料必须使用绝缘材料；当电机壳体或冷却***集热面的材质为绝缘材料（如陶瓷）吋，上述导热材料可不必使用绝缘材料。 [0072] Further, when the material of the motor casing or the cooling surface of the cooling system is a conductor (such as a metal material), the heat conductive material must use an insulating material; when the heat collecting surface of the motor casing or the cooling system is made of a material Insulating materials (such as ceramics) 吋, the above thermal conductive materials do not need to use insulating materials.

[0073] 进一步地，上述导热材料以柔性导热材料为佳，不但可释放热应力，还可以提高导热效果，尤其是贴合面为曲面吋，柔性导热电机壳体表面和冷却***集热面间的细微加工误差可起到部分弥补作用。上述柔性导热材料包括相变导热材料。 [0073] Further, the heat conductive material is preferably a flexible heat conductive material, which not only can release thermal stress, but also can improve heat conduction effect, in particular, the surface of the bonding surface is a curved surface, the surface of the flexible heat conductive motor shell and the heat collecting surface of the cooling system. The slight processing error can partially compensate. The above flexible thermally conductive material comprises a phase change thermally conductive material.

[0074] 进一步地，电机壳体、热电转换模块及冷却***集热段安装在一起后，将全部热电转换模块的边缘做密封处理（保留必要的外引线）。其中密封区域内部可保持空腔，或装有双向压力阀以平衡模块内外压力，以防止液体、蒸汽、灰尘、油脂、铁屑等异物进入热电转换模块内部导致性能降低或失效；模块内部空腔也可用绝缘隔热材料填充。 [0075] 进一步地，热电转换模块、导热材料、密封材料及填充材料满足电机使用环境的高温及振动要求。 [0074] Further, after the motor casing, the thermoelectric conversion module and the heat collecting section of the cooling system are installed together, the edges of all the thermoelectric conversion modules are sealed (retaining necessary outer leads). The inside of the sealing area can maintain a cavity, or a two-way pressure valve can be installed to balance the internal and external pressure of the module to prevent foreign matter such as liquid, steam, dust, grease, iron filings from entering the thermoelectric conversion module, resulting in performance degradation or failure; It can also be filled with insulating and insulating materials. [0075] Further, the thermoelectric conversion module, the heat conductive material, the sealing material and the filling material satisfy the high temperature and vibration requirements of the motor use environment.

[0076] 进一步地，可在所述电机壳体外壁、或热电转换模块内部、或所述二个贴合面安装有热电偶等温度传感器，所述温度传感器的数量为 0个或 1个以上。所述温度传感器用于测量电机壳体外壁、温差发电装置内部、以及所述贴合面的多点温度，进而通过调整温差发电装置的输出功率及冷却***的散热功率，使电机壳体的温度维持在预设的温度范围内。 [0076] Further, a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple may be mounted on the outer wall of the motor casing, or inside the thermoelectric conversion module, or the two bonding surfaces, and the number of the temperature sensors is 0 or 1 the above. The temperature sensor is used for measuring the outer wall of the motor casing, the inside of the thermoelectric power generation device, and the multi-point temperature of the bonding surface, and further adjusting the output power of the thermoelectric power generation device and the heat dissipation power of the cooling system to make the motor housing The temperature is maintained within a preset temperature range.

[0077] 进一步地，上述电机***可配备单独的温差发电装置控制器，或在***中的其他控制器中增加对温差发电装置的控制功能，用于控制及调整温差发电装置的输出电压及电流等参数，如在电动汽车的 VCU中增加对温差发电装置的输出功率控制功能，根据上述温度传感器的测量数据，调整温差发电装置的输出参数 [0077] Further, the above motor system may be equipped with a separate thermoelectric power generation device controller, or a control function for the thermoelectric power generation device may be added to other controllers in the system for controlling and adjusting the output voltage and current of the thermoelectric power generation device. Such parameters, such as increasing the output power control function of the thermoelectric power generation device in the VCU of the electric vehicle, adjusting the output parameters of the thermoelectric power generation device according to the measurement data of the above temperature sensor

[0078] 进一步地，在电机壳体上或冷却***的集热段的外壳上，预留 1对以上的接线柱安装位置，用于热电转换模块外引线的接线，其中接线柱与上述电机壳体及外壳绝缘。 [0078] Further, on the motor housing or on the outer casing of the heat collecting section of the cooling system, one or more pairs of terminal mounting positions are reserved for wiring of the outer leads of the thermoelectric conversion module, wherein the binding posts and the above electric The casing and the casing are insulated.

[0079] 本发明公幵的一种新型电机的积极意义在于利用电机的部分有害热能发电，降低冷却***散热功率，提升电机效率，节能减排。 [0079] The positive significance of a new type of motor disclosed in the present invention is to utilize part of the harmful heat energy of the motor to generate electricity, reduce the cooling power of the cooling system, improve the efficiency of the motor, and save energy and reduce emissions.

[0080] 在本发明的第四个方面中，本发明提供了一种发电方法，其特征在于，在热源表面与冷却***间装有温差发电装置，利用热源表面的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电。其中， [0080] In a fourth aspect of the invention, the invention provides a power generation method, characterized in that a thermoelectric power generation device is installed between a surface of a heat source and a cooling system, and a high temperature of the surface of the heat source and a relatively low temperature of the cooling system are utilized. The difference between the power generation. among them,

[0081] 所述热源的热能包括废弃热能及有害热能，其中：废弃热能指无法利用或不再使用的、直接废弃的热能，如太阳能、汽车的高温尾气、汽车的冷却***排放掉的热能；有害热能指能量转换设备运行吋释放的热能，该热能必须通过冷却 ***进行散热，才能维持能量转换设备自身或相关设备正常运转。如汽车发动机燃料燃烧并对活塞做功后的热能不但不能利用，若不降温，还会对发动机自身造成伤害。进一步地，所述有害热能也包括由于温度太高而不能直接利用的热能，必须通过冷却***将上述热能的温度降低至预设范围内，才能对上述热能加以利用。 [0082] 进一步地，当热源没有一个有形的热源表面吋（如太阳能、排出的热气等），可以使用热能收集设备制成有形的热源表面，再加以利用，如用太阳光照射铝板，铝板的背面就是热源表面。 [0081] The thermal energy of the heat source includes waste heat energy and harmful heat energy, wherein: waste heat energy refers to direct-disposal heat energy that cannot be utilized or is no longer used, such as solar energy, high-temperature exhaust gas of a car, and heat energy discharged from a cooling system of a car; Harmful heat refers to the heat energy released by the energy conversion equipment. The heat must be dissipated through the cooling system to maintain the energy conversion equipment itself or related equipment. For example, if the fuel of a car engine burns and the work of the piston is not used, the heat will not be used. If it does not cool down, it will cause damage to the engine itself. Further, the harmful heat energy also includes thermal energy that cannot be directly utilized due to the temperature being too high, and the heat energy must be reduced to a preset range by a cooling system to utilize the heat energy. [0082] Further, when the heat source does not have a tangible heat source surface 吋 (such as solar energy, exhausted hot gas, etc.), the tangible heat source surface can be made using a heat energy collecting device, and then utilized, such as illuminating the aluminum plate with sunlight, the aluminum plate The back side is the heat source surface.

[0083] 进一步地，所述冷却***，指以降低热源表面温度为目的的装置，在安装温差发电装置后，用来降低温差发电装置中热电转换模块的冷面温度的装置。包括液体循环冷却***、强制风冷散热***、自然风冷散热装置及热管等。 Further, the cooling system refers to a device for reducing the surface temperature of the heat source, and means for reducing the cold surface temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module in the thermoelectric power generation device after installing the temperature difference power generating device. Including liquid circulation cooling system, forced air cooling system, natural air cooling and heat pipe.

[0084] 进一步地，在利用废弃热能和温差发电装置发电吋，需因地制宜，根据周围环境加装廉价高效的冷却***，为提升发电量及降低冷却***能耗，尽量选用高效低能耗或高效零能耗的冷却***，也可用热管等高效无源导热设备将热量带走或引至冷却***处。如高速行驶的运载工具，其迎风面、侧面、以及底部的空隙都是高效免费的自然风冷***；在水中或水下设备中，设备外壳就是高效且免费的冷却***。 [0084] Further, in the use of waste heat energy and thermoelectric power generation devices, it is necessary to adjust the environment according to the local environment, and install a cheap and efficient cooling system according to the surrounding environment. In order to increase the power generation and reduce the energy consumption of the cooling system, try to use high efficiency, low energy consumption or high efficiency. Energy-saving cooling systems can also take heat away or lead to the cooling system with efficient passive heat-conducting equipment such as heat pipes. For high-speed vehicles, the windward, side, and bottom voids are efficient and free natural air cooling systems; in water or underwater equipment, the equipment enclosure is an efficient and free cooling system.

[0085] 所述温差发电装置安装在上述热能的热源表面与冷却***之间，利用热源表面的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电。 [0085] The thermoelectric power generation device is installed between the heat source surface of the thermal energy and the cooling system, and generates electricity by using a temperature difference between a high temperature of the heat source surface and a relatively low temperature of the cooling system.

[0086] 所述温差发电装置包括 1个以上的热电转换模块，且至少包括 1个本发明第一个方面所述的热电转换模块，不同热电转换模块的输出端的电气连接可采用下述的 1种以上的连接方式： [0086] The thermoelectric power generation device includes one or more thermoelectric conversion modules, and includes at least one thermoelectric conversion module according to the first aspect of the present invention. The electrical connection of the output ends of different thermoelectric conversion modules may be as follows: More than one connection method:

[0087] 独立对外供电； [0087] independent external power supply;

[0088] 串联连接后对外供电； [0088] externally supplying power after being connected in series;

[0089] 并联连接后对外供电； [0089] externally supplying power after being connected in parallel;

[0090] 串并联混合连接后对外供电。 [0090] After serial-parallel hybrid connection, external power supply.

[0091] 进一步地，所述热电转换模块的热面与热源表面中间夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使热源表面与热电转换模块的热面间导热良好；热电转换模块的冷面与冷却 ***集热面中间夹有导热材料并紧密贴合，使热电转换模块的冷面与冷却*** 的集热面间导热良好。 [0091] Further, a thermal conductive material is closely sandwiched between the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module and the surface of the heat source, so that the heat conduction between the surface of the heat source and the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module is good; the cold surface and the cooling system of the thermoelectric conversion module The heat collecting surface is sandwiched between the heat collecting surface and closely adhered to make the heat conduction between the cold surface of the thermoelectric conversion module and the heat collecting surface of the cooling system good.

[0092] 进一步地，当热源表面或冷却***集热面的材质为导体（如金属材质）吋，上述导热材料必须使用绝缘材料；当热源表面或冷却***集热面的材质为绝缘材料（如陶瓷）吋，上述导热材料可不必使用绝缘材料。 [0093] 进一步地，上述导热材料以柔性导热材料为佳，不但可释放热应力，还可以提高导热效果，尤其是贴合面为曲面吋，柔性导热材料对热源表面和冷却***集热面间的细微加工误差可起到部分弥补作用。上述柔性导热材料包括相变导热材料。 [0092] Further, when the heat source surface or the heat collecting surface of the cooling system is made of a conductor (such as a metal material), the heat conductive material must use an insulating material; when the heat source surface or the heat collecting surface of the cooling system is made of an insulating material (such as Ceramic) 吋, the above thermal conductive material does not need to use insulating materials. [0093] Further, the heat conductive material is preferably a flexible heat conductive material, which not only can release thermal stress, but also can improve the heat conduction effect, in particular, the bonding surface is a curved surface, and the flexible heat conductive material faces the heat source surface and the cooling system heat collecting surface. The subtle processing error can partially compensate. The above flexible thermally conductive material includes a phase change thermally conductive material.

[0094] 进一步地，热源表面、热电转换模块及冷却***集热段安装在一起后，将全部热电转换模块的边缘做密封处理（保留必要的外引线）。其中密封区域内部可保持空腔，或装有双向压力阀以平衡模块内外压力，以防止液体、蒸汽、灰尘、油脂、铁屑等异物进入热电转换模块内部导致性能降低或失效；模块内部空腔也可用绝缘隔热材料填充。 [0094] Further, after the heat source surface, the thermoelectric conversion module, and the heat collecting section of the cooling system are installed together, the edges of all the thermoelectric conversion modules are sealed (retaining the necessary outer leads). The inside of the sealing area can maintain a cavity, or a two-way pressure valve can be installed to balance the internal and external pressure of the module to prevent foreign matter such as liquid, steam, dust, grease, iron filings from entering the thermoelectric conversion module, resulting in performance degradation or failure; It can also be filled with insulating and insulating materials.

[0095] 进一步地，热电转换模块、导热材料、密封材料及填充材料的工作温度范围覆盖热源表面及冷却***的温度范围。 [0095] Further, the operating temperature range of the thermoelectric conversion module, the heat conductive material, the sealing material, and the filling material covers the temperature range of the heat source surface and the cooling system.

[0096] 进一步地，温差发电装置的安装满足热源及其附属设备工作吋的振动环境。 [0096] Further, the installation of the thermoelectric power generation device satisfies the vibration environment of the working device of the heat source and its accessory equipment.

[0097] 进一步地，可在所述热源表面、或热电转换模块内部、或所述二个贴合面安装有热电偶等温度传感器，所述温度传感器的数量为 0个或 1个以上。所述温度传感器用于测量热源表面、温差发电装置内部、以及所述贴合面的多点温度，进而通过调整温差发电装置的输出功率及冷却***的散热功率，使电机壳体的温度维持在预设的温度范围内。 Further, a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple may be mounted on the surface of the heat source, or inside the thermoelectric conversion module, or on the two bonding surfaces, and the number of the temperature sensors is zero or more. The temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the heat source surface, the inside of the thermoelectric power generation device, and the multi-point temperature of the bonding surface, and further maintain the temperature of the motor casing by adjusting the output power of the thermoelectric power generation device and the heat dissipation power of the cooling system. Within the preset temperature range.

[0098] 进一步地，上述发电***可配备单独的温差发电装置控制器，或在相关***中的其他控制器中增加对温差发电装置的控制功能，用于控制及调整温差发电装置的输出电压及电流等参数。如在电动汽车的 VCU中增加对温差发电装置的输出功率控制功能，根据上述温度传感器的测量数据，调整温差发电装置的输出参数。 [0098] Further, the power generation system may be equipped with a separate thermoelectric power generation device controller, or may add a control function to the thermoelectric power generation device in other controllers in the related system, for controlling and adjusting the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation device and Current and other parameters. For example, in the VCU of an electric vehicle, an output power control function for the thermoelectric power generation device is added, and the output parameter of the thermoelectric power generation device is adjusted based on the measurement data of the temperature sensor.

[0099] 进一步地，在热源表面或冷却***的集热段的外壳上，预留 1对以上的接线柱安装位置，用于热电转换模块外引线的接线，其中接线柱与上述热源表面及外壳绝缘。 [0099] Further, on the heat source surface or the outer casing of the heat collecting section of the cooling system, one or more pairs of terminal mounting positions are reserved for wiring of the outer lead of the thermoelectric conversion module, wherein the binding post and the heat source surface and the outer casing insulation.

[0100] 进一步地，以现有能量转换设备的能流示意图和采用本发电方法后的能流示意图的对比来阐述本发点方法的积极意义。 [0100] Further, the positive significance of the method of the present invention is illustrated by comparing the energy flow diagram of the existing energy conversion device with the energy flow diagram after the present power generation method.

[0101] 如图 5所示，为现有能量转换设备的能量流动示意图：能量转换设备 501工作吋，初始能量 502送入能量转换设备 501，受技术所限，有一部分废弃能量 503，有一部分有害热能 504，将能量转换设备 501输出的能量中分出一部分冷却***驱动能量 505用于驱动冷却***运转，剩下的能量为能量转换设备 501的输出能量 5 06，冷却***驱动能量 505用于驱动冷却*** 507运转，冷却*** 507与设备热源表面 508通过热交换，将设备热源表面 508冷却，变成冷却***热能 509; 对于废弃能量 503，可通过废能回收装置回收废能 510，剩余废弃能量 511彻底排放掉；对于冷却***热能 509，可通过热能回收装置回收废热 512，其余废弃热能 513彻底排放掉。 [0101] As shown in FIG. 5, it is a schematic diagram of energy flow of an existing energy conversion device: The energy conversion device 501 works 吋 The initial energy 502 is sent to the energy conversion device 501, which is limited by technology, has a part of the waste energy 503, and has a part of the harmful heat energy 504. The energy output from the energy conversion device 501 is divided into a part of the cooling system driving energy 505 for driving the cooling system. The remaining energy is the output energy of the energy conversion device 501, the cooling system driving energy 505 is used to drive the cooling system 507 to operate, and the cooling system 507 and the device heat source surface 508 are cooled by heat exchange to cool the device heat source surface 508. The cooling system heat energy 509; for the waste energy 503, the waste energy 510 can be recovered by the waste energy recovery device, and the remaining waste energy 511 is completely discharged; for the cooling system heat energy 509, the waste heat 512 can be recovered by the heat energy recovery device, and the remaining waste heat energy 513 is completely eliminated. Emitted.

[0102] 如图 6所示，为利用有害热能发电的能量转换设备的能流图：能量转换设备 601 工作吋，初始能量 602送入能量转换设备 601，受技术所限，有一部分废弃能量 6 03，有一部分有害热能 604，将能量转换设备 601输出的能量中分出一部分冷却 ***驱动能量 605用于驱动能量冷却***运转，剩下的能量为能量转换设备 601 的输出能量 606，冷却***驱动能量 605用于驱动冷却*** 607运转，冷却*** 60 7的集热面与设备热源表面之间加入了温差发电装置 614，冷却*** 607通过热交换，将温差发电装置 614的冷面冷却，进而将设备热源表面冷却，变成冷却*** 热能 609; 与现有技术一样，对于废弃能量 603，可通过非能回收装置回收废能 6 10，剩余废弃能量 611彻底排放掉；对于冷却***热能 609，可通过热能回收装置回收废热 612，其余废弃热能 613彻底排放掉； [0102] As shown in FIG. 6, the energy flow diagram of the energy conversion device for generating electricity using harmful thermal energy: The energy conversion device 601 operates, and the initial energy 602 is sent to the energy conversion device 601, which is limited by technology, and has a part of waste energy 6 03, a part of the harmful heat energy 604, a part of the energy output from the energy conversion device 601 is divided into a cooling system driving energy 605 for driving the energy cooling system to operate, and the remaining energy is the output energy 606 of the energy conversion device 601, the cooling system is driven The energy 605 is used to drive the cooling system 607 to operate. A temperature difference generating device 614 is added between the heat collecting surface of the cooling system 60 7 and the heat source surface of the device. The cooling system 607 cools the cold surface of the thermoelectric power generating device 614 by heat exchange, and then The surface of the heat source of the device is cooled to become the thermal energy of the cooling system 609; as in the prior art, for the waste energy 603, the waste energy 6 10 can be recovered by the non-recovery device, and the remaining waste energy 611 is completely discharged; for the cooling system heat energy 609, The waste heat 612 is recovered by the heat recovery device, and the remaining waste heat is 613 Drained;

[0103] 与现有技术不同的是，冷却*** 607的集热面与设备热源表面 608之间的温差导致温差发电装置 614工作，吸收热能，输出电能 615供利用，根据能量守恒原理，设备热源表面 608的热能不变的情况下，温差发电装置消耗了一部分热能转成了电能 615，所以温差发电装置的冷面的温度比设备热源表面 608的温度低，也就是冷却***集热面的温度比原来的设备热源表面 508的温度低，所以可用更低散热功率的冷却*** 607代替原来的冷却*** 507 ; [0103] Unlike the prior art, the temperature difference between the heat collecting surface of the cooling system 607 and the heat source surface 608 of the device causes the thermoelectric power generating device 614 to operate, absorb heat energy, and output electrical energy 615 for utilization. According to the principle of energy conservation, the device heat source When the thermal energy of the surface 608 is constant, the thermoelectric power generation device consumes a part of the thermal energy and is converted into the electric energy 615. Therefore, the temperature of the cold surface of the thermoelectric power generation device is lower than the temperature of the heat source surface 608 of the device, that is, the temperature of the heat collecting surface of the cooling system. The temperature of the original device heat source surface 508 is lower than that of the original device, so the cooling system 607 with lower heat dissipation power can be used instead of the original cooling system 507;

[0104] 冷却***热能 609也随之降低，比原来的冷却***热能 509减少的部分为 616，从而导致最终的废弃热能 613比原来的废弃热能 513降低； [0104] The cooling system thermal energy 609 is also reduced, and the portion of the cooling system 509 that is reduced by the original cooling system is 616, resulting in a lower final waste heat 613 than the original waste heat 513;

[0105] 低散热功率的冷却*** 607的重量体积和成本比原来的冷却*** 507都有所减少 [0106] 低散热功率的冷却*** 607只需更低的冷却***驱动能量 605即可驱动，相比较原来的冷却***驱动能量 505，节省的冷却***驱动能量 617，节省的冷却*** 驱动能量 617转为增加的设备输出能量 618。 [0105] The cooling capacity of the cooling system 607 with low heat dissipation power is reduced compared to the original cooling system 507. [0106] The cooling system 607 with low heat dissipation power can be driven only by the lower cooling system driving energy 605, compared with the original cooling system driving energy 505, the saved cooling system driving energy 617, and the saved cooling system driving energy 617 rpm. Energy 618 is output for the added device.

[0107] 本发明公幵的一种发电方法的积极意义在于利用有害热能或废弃热能发电，实现变害为宝及变废为宝，在输入能量保持不变的情况下： [0107] The positive significance of a power generation method of the present invention is to use harmful heat energy or waste heat to generate electricity, and to realize the transformation into treasure and turn waste into treasure, while the input energy remains unchanged:

[0108] 1 . 可额外提供一份电能； [0108] 1. An additional piece of electrical energy can be provided;

[0109] 2. 可增加设备的输出能量，即提高了能量转换设备的效率； [0109] 2. The output energy of the device can be increased, that is, the efficiency of the energy conversion device is improved;

[0110] 3. 可降低冷却***的散热功率，即降低冷却***的重量、体积和成本； [0110] 3. The cooling power of the cooling system can be reduced, that is, the weight, volume and cost of the cooling system are reduced;

[0111] 4. 在移动式能量转换设备上，降低冷却***重量体积，意味着自身减重，可进一步提高设备的整体能量输出率，如可增加续航，甚至可降低隐形成本和社会资源如降低搬运成本、减小占地面积等； [0111] 4. On the mobile energy conversion device, reducing the weight of the cooling system means that the weight loss itself can further improve the overall energy output rate of the device, such as increasing the battery life, and even reducing the hidden cost and social resources such as reduction. Handling costs, reducing floor space, etc.

[0112] 5. 经过发电后的最终废弃热能温度降低后，可延长周边设备的使用寿命（因高温下设备容易老化），或降低周边设备的耐热值而降低采购成本。 [0112] 5. After the final waste heat energy temperature after power generation is lowered, the service life of the peripheral equipment can be prolonged (the equipment is easily deteriorated due to high temperature), or the heat resistance value of the peripheral equipment can be lowered to reduce the procurement cost.

[0113] 提高了能量转换设备的效率后，在满足应用的前提下，可降低输入能量，更少能量的使用同吋意味着更低的排放污染，即实现节能减排。鉴于能量转换设备在当前的社会保有量数字庞大，此发明有重大意义。 [0113] After the efficiency of the energy conversion device is improved, the input energy can be reduced under the premise of satisfying the application, and the use of less energy means lower emission pollution, that is, energy saving and emission reduction. In view of the huge number of energy conversion devices in the current social holdings, this invention is of great significance.

发明的有益效果 Advantageous effects of the invention

有益效果 Beneficial effect

[0114] 本发明公幵的热电转换模块的积极意义在于将热电转换模块的应用范围从平面拓展到了曲面，由抗热应力导流片代替刚性导流片，扩大了热电转换模块的应用范围，延长了寿命同吋提高了模块的热传导效率，并可提升单个热电转换模块的输出电压及功率，使大规模利用废弃热能发电、尤其是利用有害热能发电成为可能，实现节能减排。 [0114] The positive significance of the thermoelectric conversion module disclosed in the present invention is that the application range of the thermoelectric conversion module is extended from a plane to a curved surface, and the heat-resistant baffle replaces the rigid baffle, thereby expanding the application range of the thermoelectric conversion module. Extending the life span increases the heat transfer efficiency of the module, and can increase the output voltage and power of a single thermoelectric conversion module, making it possible to use waste heat energy for large-scale generation, especially using harmful heat to generate electricity, and achieve energy saving and emission reduction.

[0115] 本发明公幵的新型内燃机、新型电机及发电方法，利用前述的热电转换模块技术，可以利用内燃机、电机及其他能量转换设备的有害热能及废弃热能发电。其中利用有害热能发电同吋可降低冷却***的散热能耗，一增一减，显著提升能量转换效率，变害为宝，效果显著；利用废弃热能发电，由于配合了廉价的冷却***，实现变废为宝。现在及将来很长一段吋间内，内燃机、电机及其他产生废弃热能及有害热能的能量转换设备仍将被大规模应用，在带来经济效益和社会效益的同吋，实现节能减排。 [0115] The novel internal combustion engine, the novel electric motor, and the power generation method disclosed by the present invention can utilize the above-described thermoelectric conversion module technology to generate electricity by utilizing harmful heat energy of the internal combustion engine, the electric motor, and other energy conversion devices, and waste heat energy. The use of harmful thermal energy to generate electricity can reduce the heat dissipation energy consumption of the cooling system, increase or decrease, significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency, and become a treasure, and the effect is remarkable; using waste heat power generation, due to the integration of an inexpensive cooling system, the realization of the change Waste is treasure. Now and in the future, internal combustion engines, motors and others Energy conversion equipment that generates waste heat energy and harmful heat energy will still be applied on a large scale, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction at the same time bringing economic and social benefits.

对附图的简要说明 Brief description of the drawing

附图说明 DRAWINGS

[0116] 图 1是曲面热电转换模块示意图； 1 is a schematic view of a curved thermoelectric conversion module;

[0117] 图 2是包含抗热应力导流片的曲面热电转换模块示意图； 2 is a schematic view of a curved thermoelectric conversion module including a thermal stress-resistant baffle;

[0118] 图 3是包含抗热应力导流片的曲面热电转换模块工作示意图； [0118] FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of a curved thermoelectric conversion module including a thermal stress-resistant baffle;

[0119] 图 4是包含抗热应力导流片的平面热电转换模块示意图； 4 is a schematic diagram of a planar thermoelectric conversion module including a thermal stress-resistant baffle;

[0120] 图 5是现有能量转换设备能流示意图； [0120] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of energy flow of a conventional energy conversion device;

[0121] 图 6是利用有害热能发电的能量转换设备能流示意图。 [0121] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of energy flow of an energy conversion device that utilizes harmful thermal energy to generate electricity.

实施该发明的最佳实施例 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

本发明的最佳实施方式 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0122] 一种包含抗热应力导流片的曲面热电转换模块热电转换模块的工作示意图，如图 3所示，此处仅以包含一对半导体材料的热电转换模块为例，热源 301与冷却 ***集热段 302中间夹有热电转换模块 303，其中热源表面 304与热电转换模块 30 3的热面接触面 305为一对可吻合的曲面，热面接触面 305的表面涂覆有绝缘导热层 306; 热电转换模块 303的冷面接触面 307与冷却***集热面 308为一对可吻合的曲面，冷面接触面 307的表面扣有绝缘导热帽 309; ***工作吋，热能从热面流向冷面，热能流动方向 310，在热电转换模块 303的两端 311和 312间产生电动势，可对外发电。其中热电转换模块 303的导热接触面 305及 307为曲面，热电转换模块 303的导流片 313为抗热应力导流片，在热电转换模块 303的温度发生变化吋，抗热应力导流片 313的中间段可发生形变，可有效释放热电转换模块 303内部的热应力。 [0122] A working schematic diagram of a thermoelectric conversion module of a curved thermoelectric conversion module including a thermal stress-resistant baffle, as shown in FIG. 3, here only a thermoelectric conversion module including a pair of semiconductor materials is taken as an example, the heat source 301 and the cooling A thermoelectric conversion module 303 is interposed between the heat collecting section 302 of the system, wherein the hot surface 304 of the heat source surface 304 and the hot surface of the thermoelectric conversion module 30 3 are a pair of conformable curved surfaces, and the surface of the hot surface contact surface 305 is coated with an insulating and thermally conductive layer. 306; the cold surface contact surface 307 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 and the cooling system heat collecting surface 308 are a pair of conformable curved surfaces, and the surface of the cold surface contact surface 307 is fastened with an insulating and heat conducting cap 309; the system works, heat energy flows from the hot surface The cold surface, the thermal energy flow direction 310, generates an electromotive force between the two ends 311 and 312 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303, and can generate electricity externally. The heat conducting contact surfaces 305 and 307 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 are curved surfaces, and the deflector 313 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 is a thermal stress-resistant deflector. After the temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 changes, the thermal stress-resistant deflector 313 The middle section can be deformed to effectively release the thermal stress inside the thermoelectric conversion module 303.

本发明的实施方式 Embodiments of the invention

[0123] 下面根据附图以及具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，这些附图及实施例仅出于说明本发明的目的，而不是用来限制本发明的范围。本领域内的技术人员可根据本发明所述的原理并通过适当的变换和替代实现更多的功能或拓展本发明的应用范围。 [0123] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the drawings and embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Within the field The skilled person can implement more functions or extend the scope of application of the present invention in accordance with the principles of the present invention and by appropriate transformations and substitutions.

[0124] 实施例 1，一种包含抗热应力导流片的曲面热电转换模块热电转换模块的工作示意图，如图 3所示，此处仅以包含一对半导体材料的热电转换模块为例，热源 301与冷却***集热段 302中间夹有热电转换模块 303，其中热源表面 304与热电转换模块 303的热面接触面 305为一对可吻合的曲面，热面接触面 305的表面涂覆有绝缘导热层 306; 热电转换模块 303的冷面接触面 307与冷却***集热面 308为一对可吻合的曲面，冷面接触面 307的表面扣有绝缘导热帽 309; ***工作吋，热能从热面流向冷面，热能流动方向 310，在热电转换模块 303的两端 311和 312 间产生电动势，可对外发电。其中热电转换模块 303的导热接触面 305及 307为曲面，热电转换模块 303的导流片 313为抗热应力导流片，在热电转换模块 303的温度发生变化吋，抗热应力导流片 313的中间段可发生形变，可有效释放热电转换模块 303内部的热应力。 [0124] Embodiment 1, a schematic diagram of a working operation of a thermoelectric conversion module of a curved thermoelectric conversion module including a thermal stress-resistant baffle, as shown in FIG. 3, here, for example, a thermoelectric conversion module including a pair of semiconductor materials is taken as an example. A thermoelectric conversion module 303 is interposed between the heat source 301 and the cooling system heat collecting section 302. The hot surface 305 of the heat source surface 304 and the thermoelectric conversion module 303 is a pair of conformable curved surfaces, and the surface of the hot surface contact surface 305 is coated with The insulating heat conducting layer 306; the cold surface contact surface 307 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 and the cooling system heat collecting surface 308 are a pair of conformable curved surfaces, and the surface of the cold surface contact surface 307 is fastened with an insulating heat conducting cap 309; The hot surface flows to the cold surface, and the thermal energy flows in the direction 310, and an electromotive force is generated between the both ends 311 and 312 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 to generate electricity externally. The heat conducting contact surfaces 305 and 307 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 are curved surfaces, and the deflector 313 of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 is a thermal stress-resistant deflector. After the temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module 303 changes, the thermal stress-resistant deflector 313 The middle section can be deformed to effectively release the thermal stress inside the thermoelectric conversion module 303.

[0125] 实施例 2，一种包含抗热应力导流片的平面热电转换模块示意图，如图 4所示，此处仅以包含 2对半导体材料的热电转换模块为例， N型半导体材料 401与 P型半导体材料 402通过导流片 403连接起来，导热瓷片 404与 405与导流片 403紧密贴合，导热良好，引线 406及引线 407为热电转换模块的引出线。其中，导流片 403为抗热应力导流片，热电转换模块的导热接触面均为平面。作为更优选的实施方案，在确保整个热电转换模块的密封及与外界绝缘前提下，可将导热瓷片 405及 405去掉，在导流片 403与外界导热接触面间加装柔性绝缘导热材料后安装使用。则可拥有更佳的导热效果，提升热电转换效率。 [0125] Embodiment 2, a schematic diagram of a planar thermoelectric conversion module including a thermal stress-resistant baffle, as shown in FIG. 4, here only a thermoelectric conversion module including two pairs of semiconductor materials, an N-type semiconductor material 401 The P-type semiconductor material 402 is connected through the baffle 403, and the thermal conductive ceramic sheets 404 and 405 are closely adhered to the baffle 403, and the heat conduction is good. The lead wires 406 and the lead wires 407 are the lead wires of the thermoelectric conversion module. The baffle 403 is a thermal stress-resistant baffle, and the thermal conductive contact surfaces of the thermoelectric conversion module are all flat. As a more preferred embodiment, the thermal conductive ceramic sheets 405 and 405 can be removed under the premise of ensuring the sealing of the entire thermoelectric conversion module and the external insulation, and the flexible insulating and thermally conductive material is added between the baffle 403 and the external heat conducting contact surface. Installation and use. It can have better thermal conductivity and improve thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0126] 实施例 3，应用在铁路电力牵引机车上，利用铁路电力牵引机车的超高功率电机的有害热能发电。在铁路电力机车的超高功率电机的发热外壳与冷却***间加入温差发电装置，其中温差发电装置全部采用本发明所述的热电转换模块，利用电机外壳的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电。所发电能可用于给电力机车的空调或照明供电，也可给电池***充电，更方便的是就近给电机的各种弱电控制装置供电。 [0126] Embodiment 3, which is applied to a railway electric traction locomotive, uses the harmful heat energy of the ultra high power motor of the railway electric traction locomotive to generate electricity. A thermoelectric power generation device is added between the heating casing of the ultra-high power motor of the railway electric locomotive and the cooling system, wherein the thermoelectric conversion device adopts the thermoelectric conversion module according to the invention, and uses the high temperature of the motor casing and the relative low temperature of the cooling system. Temperature difference power generation. The power generation can be used to power the air conditioner or lighting of the electric locomotive, and also to charge the battery system. It is more convenient to supply power to various weak electric control devices of the motor.

[0127] 实施例 4，应用在油电混合动力汽车上，利用发动机缸体的高温与冷却***之间的温差发电。在发动机的缸体外壁与冷却***间加入温差发电装置，其中温差发电装置全部采用本发明所述的热电转换模块，利用发动机的缸体的高温与冷却***之间的温差发电。所发电能可用于给电池***充电。并可取消发动机对水泵或散热风扇的机械能输出，提升车辆的驱动扭矩及延长纯电续航历程。 [0127] Embodiment 4, applied to a hybrid electric vehicle, utilizing a high temperature and cooling system of an engine block The temperature difference between the two generations. A thermoelectric power generation device is added between the outer wall of the cylinder of the engine and the cooling system, wherein the thermoelectric conversion device adopts the thermoelectric conversion module according to the present invention, and generates electricity by using a temperature difference between the high temperature of the cylinder of the engine and the cooling system. The generated energy can be used to charge the battery system. It can cancel the mechanical energy output of the engine to the water pump or the cooling fan, improve the driving torque of the vehicle and extend the pure electric life.

[0128] 实施例 5，应用在燃油发电机上，利用燃油发电机中的内燃式发动机缸体的高温与冷却***的温差发电。在发动机的缸体外壁与冷却***间加入温差发电装置，其中温差发电装置全部采用本发明所述的热电转换模块，利用发动机的缸体的高温与冷却***之间的温差发电。可降低冷却***的散热功率使设备减重；可用于给冷却***提供能量，降低发动机驱动冷却***的能量，提高发电量，提高油电转换效率。 [0128] Embodiment 5 is applied to a fuel generator to generate electricity by using a high temperature of an internal combustion engine block in a fuel generator and a temperature difference of a cooling system. A thermoelectric power generation device is incorporated between the outer wall of the cylinder of the engine and the cooling system, wherein the thermoelectric conversion device of the present invention uses the thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention to generate electricity by using a temperature difference between the high temperature of the cylinder of the engine and the cooling system. The cooling power of the cooling system can be reduced to reduce the weight of the equipment; it can be used to supply energy to the cooling system, reduce the energy of the engine-driven cooling system, increase the power generation, and improve the efficiency of oil-electricity conversion.

[0129] 虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。 The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the preferred embodiments and specific embodiments thereof, which may be modified or modified based on the present invention, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art . Therefore, such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

工业实用性 Industrial applicability

[0130] 热电转换有着非常多的优点，但由于热电转换模块内部的热应力无法有效释放，导致模块尺寸及功率受限，平面接触面也限制了热电转模块的应用场合。经过本发明的曲面导热接触面及柔性导流片对传统热电转换模块的改造，彻底解决了上述问题，从而导致可利用随处可见的废弃热能及有害热能发电，节能减排效果显著。 [0130] Thermoelectric conversion has many advantages, but since the thermal stress inside the thermoelectric conversion module cannot be effectively released, the module size and power are limited, and the planar contact surface also limits the application of the thermoelectric conversion module. The curved heat conduction contact surface and the flexible baffle of the present invention completely solve the above problems by modifying the conventional thermoelectric conversion module, thereby causing the waste heat energy and harmful heat energy to be generated everywhere, and the energy saving and discharging effect is remarkable.

序列表自由内容 Sequence table free content

[0131] 无。 [0131] None.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

[权利要求 1] 一种热电转换模块，其特征在于，导流片为抗热应力导流片，所述抗热应力导流片指导流片的中间段为柔性材料或可释放热应力结构的刚性材料，导流片的材料特性为导热导电良好，包括铜及单层或多层石墨烯在内的金属或非金属材料。 [Claim 1] A thermoelectric conversion module, wherein the baffle is a thermal stress-resistant baffle, and the thermal stress-guiding baffle guides the middle portion of the flow sheet as a flexible material or a heat-releasing structure Rigid material, the material properties of the baffle are good thermal conductivity, including copper and single or multi-layer graphene metal or non-metal materials.

[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的热电转换模块，其特征在于，导流片的导热接触面覆盖有绝缘导热层或装有绝缘导热帽，同一热电转换模块或相互串并联链接的热电转换模块的多个绝缘导热帽之间可采用刚性或微柔性连接。 [Claim 2] The thermoelectric conversion module according to claim 1, wherein the heat conducting contact surface of the baffle is covered with an insulating heat conducting layer or an insulating heat conducting cap, the same thermoelectric conversion module or a thermoelectric line connected in series and in parallel A rigid or slightly flexible connection can be used between the plurality of insulated and thermally conductive caps of the conversion module.

[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的热电转换模块，其特征在于，无基板。 [Claim 3] The thermoelectric conversion module according to claim 1, wherein there is no substrate.

[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的热电转换模块，其特征在于，导热接触面为曲面。 [Claim 4] The thermoelectric conversion module according to claim 1, wherein the heat conductive contact surface is a curved surface.

[权利要求 5] —种新型内燃机，其特征在于，在内燃机缸体外壁与冷却***间装有温差发电装置，其中： [Claim 5] A novel internal combustion engine characterized in that a thermoelectric power generation device is installed between an outer wall of the internal combustion engine cylinder and a cooling system, wherein:

所述内燃机指通过使燃料在其内部燃烧，并将放出的热能直接转换为机械能的热力发动机； The internal combustion engine refers to a heat engine that directly converts the released heat energy into mechanical energy by burning the fuel inside thereof;

所述温差发电装置利用内燃机工作吋缸体外壁的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电； The thermoelectric power generation device uses the temperature difference between the high temperature of the external wall of the internal combustion engine working cylinder and the relative low temperature of the cooling system to generate electricity;

所述温差发电装置包括 1个以上的热电转换模块，且至少包括 1个权利要求 1-4任意一项所述的热电转换模块。 The thermoelectric power generation device includes one or more thermoelectric conversion modules, and includes at least one thermoelectric conversion module according to any one of claims 1-4.

[权利要求 6] —种新型电机，其特征在于，在电机壳体与冷却***间装有温差发电装置，其中： [Claim 6] A novel electric machine characterized by comprising a thermoelectric power generation device between a motor housing and a cooling system, wherein:

所述电机指依据电磁感应定律实现电能与机械能之间转换的电磁装置，包括电能转成机械能的电动机与机械能转成电能的发电机；温差发电装置利用电机工作吋电机壳体外壁的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电； The motor refers to an electromagnetic device that converts electrical energy and mechanical energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction, including a motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and a mechanical energy that is converted into electrical energy; the thermoelectric power generating device utilizes the high temperature of the motor casing and the outer wall of the motor casing. Power generation between the relatively low temperatures of the cooling system;

所述温差发电装置包括 1个以上的热电转换模块，且至少包括 1个权利要求 1-4任意一项所述的热电转换模块。 [权利要求 7] —种发电方法，其特征在于，在热源表面与冷却***间装有温差发电装置，利用热源表面的高温与冷却***的相对低温之间的温差发电，其中： The thermoelectric power generation device includes one or more thermoelectric conversion modules, and includes at least one thermoelectric conversion module according to any one of claims 1 to 4. [Claim 7] A power generation method, characterized in that a thermoelectric power generation device is installed between a surface of a heat source and a cooling system, and a temperature difference is generated between a high temperature of a surface of the heat source and a relative low temperature of the cooling system, wherein:

所述热源的热能包括废弃热能及有害热能，其中：废弃热能指无法利用或不再使用的、直接废弃的热能；有害热能指能量转换设备运行吋释放的热能，该热能必须通过冷却***进行散热，才能维持能量转换设备自身或相关设备正常运转，所述有害热能也包括由于温度太高而不能直接利用的热能，必须通过冷却***将上述热能的温度降低至预设范围内，才能对上述热能加以利用； The heat energy of the heat source includes waste heat energy and harmful heat energy, wherein: waste heat energy refers to direct waste heat energy that cannot be utilized or is no longer used; harmful heat energy refers to heat energy released by the energy conversion device after operation, and the heat energy must be dissipated through the cooling system. In order to maintain the normal operation of the energy conversion device itself or related equipment, the harmful heat energy also includes thermal energy that cannot be directly utilized due to the temperature being too high, and the temperature of the thermal energy must be lowered to a preset range by the cooling system to be able to perform the above thermal energy. Use it;

所述冷却***，指以降低热源表面温度为目的的装置，在安装温差发电装置后，用来降低温差发电装置中热电转换模块的冷面温度的装置所述温差发电装置包括 1个以上的热电转换模块，且至少包括 1个权利要求 1-4任意一项所述的热电转换模块。 The cooling system refers to a device for reducing the surface temperature of the heat source, and the device for reducing the cold surface temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module in the thermoelectric power generation device after installing the thermoelectric power generation device, the thermoelectric power generation device including one or more thermoelectric devices And a conversion module comprising at least one thermoelectric conversion module according to any one of claims 1-4.