WO2017161614A1

WO2017161614A1 - Multiphase alternating current electric motor structure and driving circuit thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2017161614A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/079659
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘振韬
Original assignee: 刘振韬
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2016-04-19
Publication date: 2017-09-28
Also published as: CN205490006U

Abstract

A multiphase alternating current electric motor structure and a driving circuit thereof. The electric motor structure comprises a stator iron core and a stator coil unit wound thereon, wherein the stator coil unit is composed of two or more groups of stator coils separated from each other, not electrically connected and driven by respective full-bridge inverters. The driving circuit comprises the stator coil unit and a driving module thereof, wherein the driving module comprises a stator coil control module, a full-bridge inverter unit and the stator coil unit which are electrically connected successively, and the full-bridge inverters correspond to the stator coils on a one-to-one basis. According to this multiphase alternating current electric motor structure and the driving circuit thereof, an additional circuit is not needed for starting and speed adjustment, and the noise is low and the power consumption is small.

Description

说明书发明名称：一种多相交流电机结构及其驱动电路技术领域 Description: A multiphase AC motor structure and its drive circuit

[0001] 本发明涉及多相交流电机，具体涉及一种多相交流电机结构及其驱动电路。 [0001] The present invention relates to a multi-phase AC motor, and in particular to a multi-phase AC motor structure and a drive circuit thereof.

背景技术 Background technique

[0002] 目前应用最广泛的电机就是三相交流电机，三相交流电机分为交流同步电机，和感应式交流电机两种，其中感应式交流电机也称为交流异步电机。当前的三相交流电机是用三相交流电产生的交流电产生的旋转磁场来带动交流电机转子旋转的。三相交流电通过定子线圈单元来产生旋转磁场，定子线圈单元由三个嵌在电动机定子铁芯上线圈组成，一般分为星形 (Y)，三角形 (Δ)这两种连接方法, 具体结构如图 1〜2所示。但这种情况下，电机启动电流大，特别是大型电机，降压启动电路复杂庞大，而且电机的转速受限于交流电的周期，调速会比较困难。绕线式感应电机则采用在转子线圈串入启动电阻或频敏变阻器来实现电机的启动和控制正常运行吋的电机速度。但该电机的速度仍然会受限于交流电的周期，而且在转子线圈串入启动电阻或频敏变阻器的方法导致电机的结构很复杂。 [0002] At present, the most widely used motor is a three-phase AC motor. The three-phase AC motor is divided into an AC synchronous motor and an inductive AC motor. The inductive AC motor is also called an AC asynchronous motor. The current three-phase AC motor is a rotating magnetic field generated by an alternating current generated by three-phase alternating current to drive the rotor of the AC motor to rotate. The three-phase alternating current generates a rotating magnetic field through the stator coil unit. The stator coil unit is composed of three coils embedded in the stator core of the motor, and is generally divided into a star (Y) and a triangle (Δ). The specific structure is as follows. Figure 1-2 shows. However, in this case, the starting current of the motor is large, especially for large motors. The step-down starting circuit is complicated and large, and the speed of the motor is limited by the period of the alternating current, and the speed adjustment is difficult. Wound-type induction motors use a rotor coil with a start-up resistor or a frequency-sensitive varistor to achieve motor speed and motor speed. However, the speed of the motor is still limited by the period of the alternating current, and the method of inserting the starting resistor or the frequency sensitive varistor into the rotor coil results in a complicated structure of the motor.

[0003] 这里，我们现在要介绍一种结构简单，方便实施的电机结构方式，和与此结构方式相应的驱动电路。 [0003] Here, we will now introduce a motor structure that is simple in structure and convenient to implement, and a drive circuit corresponding to this structure.

技术问题 technical problem

[0004] 本发明需要解决的技术问题是，如何提供一种多相交流电机结构及其驱动电路，启动电路结构简单且调速方便，进一步还能扩展除三相外的其他多相交流电机结构。 [0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a multi-phase AC motor structure and a driving circuit thereof, the starting circuit has a simple structure and convenient speed regulation, and can further expand other multi-phase AC motor structures except three phases. .

问题的解决方案 Problem solution

技术解决方案 Technical solution

[0005] 本发明的第一个上述技术问题这样解决，构建一种多相交流电机结构，包括定子铁芯及其上缠绕的定子线圈单元，其特征在于，所述定子线圈单元由二个以上的由各自全桥逆变器驱动的相互隔断不电连接的定子线圈组成。 [0006] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机结构，所述定子线圈单元由三组定子线圈组成[0005] The first technical problem of the present invention is solved by constructing a multi-phase AC motor structure including a stator core and a stator coil unit wound thereon, wherein the stator coil unit is composed of two or more The stator coils driven by the respective full-bridge inverters are mutually disconnected and not electrically connected. According to the multiphase AC motor structure provided by the present invention, the stator coil unit is composed of three sets of stator coils

，与传统一致。 , consistent with tradition.

[0007] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机结构，所述定子线圈单元由二组或四组定子线圈组成，与传统不一致。 According to the multiphase AC motor structure provided by the present invention, the stator coil unit is composed of two or four sets of stator coils, which is inconsistent with the conventional one.

[0008] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机结构，所述定子线圈单元中定子线圈是 2组、 3 组或 2与 3的任意倍数。 According to the multiphase AC motor structure provided by the present invention, the stator coils in the stator coil unit are any multiple of 2 groups, 3 groups or 2 and 3.

[0009] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机结构，所述交流电机是感应式交流电机。 According to the multiphase AC motor structure provided by the present invention, the AC motor is an inductive AC motor.

[0010] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机结构，所述交流电机是交流同步电机。 [0010] According to the multiphase AC motor structure provided by the present invention, the AC motor is an AC synchronous motor.

[0011] 本发明的另一个上述技术问题这样解决，构建一种多相交流电机的驱动电路，包括定子线圈单元及其驱动模块，其特征在于，所述驱动模块包括依次电连接的定子线圈控制模块、全桥逆变器单元和定子线圈单元；所述全桥逆变器单元由二个以上的全桥逆变器组成，所述定子线圈单元由二个以上的由各自全桥逆变器驱动的相互电隔断的定子线圈组成，所述全桥逆变器与所述定子线圈一一对应。 [0011] Another technical problem of the present invention is to solve the problem, and to construct a driving circuit for a multi-phase AC motor, comprising a stator coil unit and a driving module thereof, wherein the driving module comprises a stator coil control electrically connected in sequence Module, full-bridge inverter unit and stator coil unit; the full-bridge inverter unit is composed of two or more full-bridge inverters, and the stator coil unit is composed of two or more independent bridge inverters The driven stator coils are electrically separated from each other, and the full bridge inverters are in one-to-one correspondence with the stator coils.

[0012] 所述定子线圈控制模块是 FPGA(Field— Programmable Gate Array , 现场可编程门阵列)或其他具有类似功能的芯片（ IC)。 [0012] The stator coil control module is an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or other chip (IC) having similar functions.

[0013] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机的驱动电路，所述定子线圈控制模块包括与所述定子线圈单元电连接的数字驱动单元和与所述全桥逆变器单元和定子线圈单元电连接的反馈单元。 [0013] According to the driving circuit of the multi-phase AC motor provided by the present invention, the stator coil control module includes a digital driving unit electrically connected to the stator coil unit and electrically connected to the full-bridge inverter unit and the stator coil unit Connected feedback unit.

[0014] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机的驱动电路，所述定子线圈是 2组、 3组或 2与 3 的任意倍数。 [0014] According to the driving circuit of the multi-phase AC motor provided by the present invention, the stator coil is any combination of 2 groups, 3 groups or 2 and 3.

[0015] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机的驱动电路，该多相交流电机驱动电路还包括与所述定子线圈控制模块电连接的电机控制器。 [0015] According to the drive circuit of the multiphase AC motor provided by the present invention, the multiphase AC motor drive circuit further includes a motor controller electrically coupled to the stator coil control module.

[0016] 按照本发明提供的多相交流电机的驱动电路，所述交流电机是交流同步电机或感应式交流电机。 [0016] According to the driving circuit of the multiphase AC motor provided by the present invention, the AC motor is an AC synchronous motor or an inductive AC motor.

发明的有益效果 Advantageous effects of the invention

有益效果 Beneficial effect

[0017] 本发明提供的多相交流电机结构及其驱动电路，突破常规定子线圈星型或三角形接法，与现有技术相比，具有以下优势： [0017] The multiphase AC motor structure and its driving circuit provided by the invention break through the conventional stator coil star or triangle The connection method has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0018] 1、定子线圈没有公共端点的，互不影响； [0018] 1. The stator coils have no common end points and do not affect each other;

[0019] 2、每个绕组使用全桥逆变器； [0019] 2. Each winding uses a full bridge inverter;

[0020] 3、算法简单，实现所有的绕组全部用平滑的纯正弦波来驱动； [0020] 3, the algorithm is simple, to achieve all the windings are driven by a smooth pure sine wave;

[0021] 4、启动和调速均无需额外电路； [0021] 4. No additional circuitry is required for startup and speed regulation;

[0022] 5、噪音低，功耗小。 [0022] 5. Low noise and low power consumption.

对附图的简要说明 Brief description of the drawing

附图说明 DRAWINGS

[0023] 图 1是传统三相交流电机中定子线圈的星形连接结构示意图； 1 is a schematic view showing a star connection structure of a stator coil in a conventional three-phase AC motor;

[0024] 图 2是传统三相交流电机中定子线圈的三角形连接结构示意图； 2 is a schematic view showing a triangular connection structure of a stator coil in a conventional three-phase AC motor;

[0025] 图 3是本发明优选实施例的三相交流电机结构中的独立定子线圈连接方式示意图； 3 is a schematic view showing a connection mode of independent stator coils in a three-phase AC motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] 图 4是与图 3所示三相交流电机结构对应的驱动电路的电路结构示意图； 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a drive circuit corresponding to the structure of the three-phase AC motor shown in FIG. 3;

[0027] 图 5是图 3中任一相的全桥逆变器驱动电路结构示意图； 5 is a schematic structural view of a full-bridge inverter driving circuit of any phase in FIG. 3;

[0028] 图 6是图 5所示全桥逆变器的控制信号与输出电压之间的真值表示意图； 6 is a schematic diagram of a truth table between a control signal and an output voltage of the full-bridge inverter shown in FIG. 5;

[0029] 图 7是本发明优选实施例的二相交流电机结构中的独立定子线圈连接方式示意图； 7 is a schematic view showing a connection mode of independent stator coils in a two-phase AC motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] 图 8是本发明优选实施例的四相交流电机结构中的独立定子线圈连接方式示意图。 8 is a schematic view showing a connection mode of independent stator coils in a four-phase AC motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

实施该发明的最佳实施例 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

本发明的最佳实施方式 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0031] 下面结合附图和具体实施例进一步对本发明进行详细说明。 [0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] 本发明优选实施例的三相感应式交流电机，电机定子结构如图 3，配置了三组没有公共端点的独立的定子线圈，互补干扰，转子和普通感应式交流电机无异；定子部分驱动***框图如图 4，全桥逆变器单元使用三个全桥逆变器驱动三相感应式交流电机，某一相的全桥逆变器驱动电路结构图如图 5。按照这种结构设计的电机，可以实现定子线圈单元中所有的定子线圈都用平滑的纯正弦波来驱动，使电机的定子线圈具有最小电力谐波，达到最大的驱动效率。另外，该电机使用了一个功能强大的高速 FPGA同吋驱动三个全桥逆变器。 FPGA由电机控制器控制， FPGA内部包括数字驱动单元和反馈回路单元，反馈回路单元外接转速或转矩传感器。 [0032] A three-phase inductive AC motor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stator structure of the motor is shown in FIG. 3, three sets of independent stator coils without common terminals are arranged, complementary interference, and the rotor and the common inductive AC motor are the same; Part of the drive system block diagram is shown in Figure 4. The full-bridge inverter unit uses three full-bridge inverters to drive a three-phase inductive AC motor. The structure diagram of the full-bridge inverter drive circuit of a phase is shown in Figure 5. According to the motor designed in this structure, all the stator coils in the stator coil unit can be driven by a smooth pure sine wave, so that the stator coil of the motor has the minimum power harmonics to achieve the maximum driving efficiency. In addition, the electricity The machine uses a powerful high-speed FPGA to drive three full-bridge inverters. The FPGA is controlled by a motor controller. The FPGA includes a digital drive unit and a feedback loop unit. The feedback loop unit is connected to an external speed or torque sensor.

[0033] 本发明优选实施例中的某一相全桥逆变器，结构如图 5所示，通过四个场效应管 Ql， Q2, Q3和 Q4的栅极驱动，输出电机驱动信号 Vu，提供给接在端子 J5上的对应定子线圈。为了达到最好的幵关效率，所有的逆变器都以栅极信号驱动，单级模式运行。 [0033] A phase full-bridge inverter in a preferred embodiment of the present invention has a structure as shown in FIG. 5, and is driven by the gates of four FETs Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 to output a motor drive signal Vu. A corresponding stator coil is provided to the terminal J5. In order to achieve the best efficiency, all inverters are driven by the gate signal and operate in single-stage mode.

[0034] 本发明优选实施例的三相感应式交流电机具体工作原理如下： [0034] The specific working principle of the three-phase inductive AC motor of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0035] 通过栅极驱动的每个逆变器被 FPGA对应的一组 4个数字引脚驱动。为了让驱动绕组的信号能是完全平滑的纯正弦波，这里采用正弦脉冲宽度调制方法，在每个周期传送恒定振幅但脉宽占空比变化的 PWM信号给每一组 H桥逆变器。占空比变化的正弦波 PWM信号在每个绕组上流动，这样在绕组上的电压波形就类似 AC信号，并且为了达到最好的幵关效率，所有的逆变器都以栅极信号驱动，单级模式运行。三相感应式交流电机中功能强大的高速 FPGA，内嵌 CORDIC正弦算法，用 32数据位来确定角度，其范围为 0〜360度。角度的正弦值 (从 +1.0到 -1.0 )通过 24位数据来表示，最小精确到 2秒，数据的符号决定了流过绕组的电流的方向，通过一个 24位乘 24位的乘法器，将角度正弦值的 24位数据与幵关频率相乘，将得出 PWM信号的占空比。按照固定的吋间间隔，把一个恒定值和累计的角度值相加，一个恒定的单级调制正弦波就产生了，改变这个恒定值或者吋间间隔，将导致正弦波频率的改变。 [0035] Each inverter driven by the gate is driven by a set of 4 digital pins corresponding to the FPGA. In order to make the signal of the drive winding a completely smooth pure sine wave, a sinusoidal pulse width modulation method is used to transmit a PWM signal of constant amplitude but varying pulse width duty cycle to each group of H-bridge inverters in each cycle. A duty cycle varying sinusoidal PWM signal flows across each winding such that the voltage waveform across the winding resembles an AC signal, and all inverters are driven by the gate signal for best efficiency. Single-level mode operation. A powerful high-speed FPGA in a three-phase inductive AC motor with a CORDIC sinusoidal algorithm that uses 32 data bits to determine the angle, ranging from 0 to 360 degrees. The sine of the angle (from +1.0 to -1.0) is represented by 24-bit data, with a minimum accuracy of 2 seconds. The sign of the data determines the direction of the current flowing through the winding, through a 24-bit by 24-bit multiplier. The 24-bit data of the angular sine is multiplied by the gate frequency to derive the duty cycle of the PWM signal. A constant single-stage modulated sine wave is generated by adding a constant value to the accumulated angular value according to a fixed inter-turn interval. Changing this constant value or the inter-turn interval will result in a change in the sine wave frequency.

[0036] 在该实施例中，为了驱动三相感应式交流电机，通过把 32位满刻度值 1/3与角度值相加，得到落后于第一相绕组 120度的第二相绕组相位电流的正弦波数据，同样通过把 32位满刻度值 2/3与角度值相加，得到落后于第一相绕组 240度的第三相绕组相位电流的正弦波数据，按照这个顺序，电流先后流进各相绕组，从而带动电机转动，实现完美同步。 [0036] In this embodiment, in order to drive the three-phase inductive AC motor, by adding the 32-bit full scale value 1/3 to the angle value, the phase current of the second phase winding that is 120 degrees behind the first phase winding is obtained. The sine wave data is also obtained by adding the 32-bit full scale value 2/3 to the angle value to obtain sinusoidal data of the phase current of the third phase winding which is 240 degrees behind the first phase winding. According to this sequence, the current flows sequentially. Into each phase winding, which drives the motor to rotate, achieving perfect synchronization.

[0037] 图 6给出了 FPGA给到 H桥逆变器的控制信号和逆变器桥输出到马达的相电压之间的真值关系，其中： V ^V -V u [0037] FIG. 6 shows the true value relationship between the control signal sent by the FPGA to the H-bridge inverter and the phase voltage of the inverter bridge output to the motor, where: V ^V -V u

[0038] 本发明对于不同类型的多相电机，只要它的相与相之间的角度是相同的，都可以可采用同样的方法来驱动，二相电机定子线圏具体结构如图 7所示，四相电机定子线圈具体结构如图 8所示。这也是本发明重要的结构创新点。 [0038] The present invention is applicable to different types of multi-phase motors as long as the phases between the phases are the same. The same method can be used to drive. The specific structure of the stator winding of the two-phase motor is shown in Fig. 7. The specific structure of the stator coil of the four-phase motor is shown in Fig. 8. This is also an important structural innovation of the present invention.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明权利要求的涵盖范围。 The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

[权利要求 1] 一种多相交流电机结构，包括定子铁芯及其上缠绕的定子线圈单元，其特征在于，所述定子线圈单元由二组以上的由各自全桥逆变器驱动的相互隔断不电连接的定子线圈组成。 [Claim 1] A multi-phase AC motor structure comprising a stator core and a stator coil unit wound thereon, wherein the stator coil unit is driven by two or more groups of respective full-bridge inverters It is composed of stator coils that are not electrically connected.

[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述多相交流电机结构，其特征在于，所述定子线圈单元由二组定子线圈组成。 [Claim 2] The multiphase AC motor structure according to claim 1, wherein the stator coil unit is composed of two sets of stator coils.

[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述多相交流电机结构，其特征在于，所述定子线圈单元由三组定子线圈组成。 [Claim 3] The multiphase AC motor structure according to claim 1, wherein the stator coil unit is composed of three sets of stator coils.

[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 2或 3所述多相交流电机结构，其特征在于，所述定子线圈单元中的定子线圈数量是 2与 3的任意倍数。 [Claim 4] The multiphase AC motor structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the number of stator coils in the stator coil unit is an arbitrary multiple of 2 and 3.

[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 4所述多相交流电机结构，其特征在于，所述交流电机是感应式交流电机。 [Claim 5] The multiphase AC motor structure according to claim 4, wherein the AC motor is an inductive AC motor.

[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 4所述多相交流电机结构，其特征在于，所述交流电机是交流同步电机。 [Claim 6] The multiphase AC motor structure according to claim 4, wherein the AC motor is an AC synchronous motor.

[权利要求 7] —种多相交流电机的驱动电路，包括定子线圈单元及其驱动模块，其特征在于，所述驱动模块包括依次电连接的定子线圈控制模块、全桥逆变器单元和定子线圈单元；所述全桥逆变器单元由二个以上的全桥逆变器组成，所述定子线圈单元由二个以上的由各自全桥逆变器驱动的相互电隔断的定子线圈组成，所述全桥逆变器与所述定子线圈一一对应。 [Claim 7] A driving circuit for a multi-phase AC motor, comprising a stator coil unit and a driving module thereof, wherein the driving module comprises a stator coil control module, a full-bridge inverter unit and a stator electrically connected in sequence a coil unit; the full-bridge inverter unit is composed of two or more full-bridge inverters, and the stator coil unit is composed of two or more stator coils electrically separated by respective full-bridge inverters. The full bridge inverter has a one-to-one correspondence with the stator coils.

[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述多相交流电机的驱动电路，其特征在于，所述定子线圈控制模块包括与所述定子线圈单元电连接的数字驱动单元和与所述全桥逆变器单元和定子线圈单元电连接的反馈单元。 [Claim 8] The driving circuit of the multiphase AC motor according to claim 7, wherein the stator coil control module includes a digital driving unit electrically connected to the stator coil unit and the full bridge inverter A feedback unit electrically connected to the stator unit and the stator coil unit.

[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 8所述多相交流电机的驱动电路，其特征在于，该多相交流电机驱动电路还包括与所述定子线圈控制模块电连接的电机控制器。 [Claim 9] The drive circuit of the multi-phase AC motor according to claim 8, wherein the multi-phase AC motor drive circuit further includes a motor controller electrically connected to the stator coil control module.

[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 7〜9任一项所述多相交流电机的驱动电路，其特征在于 [Claim 10] The driving circuit of the multiphase AC motor according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that

，所述交流电机是交流同步电机或感应式交流电机。 The AC motor is an AC synchronous motor or an inductive AC motor.