WO2017159742A1 - 蓄電デバイスおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
蓄電デバイスおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017159742A1 WO2017159742A1 PCT/JP2017/010475 JP2017010475W WO2017159742A1 WO 2017159742 A1 WO2017159742 A1 WO 2017159742A1 JP 2017010475 W JP2017010475 W JP 2017010475W WO 2017159742 A1 WO2017159742 A1 WO 2017159742A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/74—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
- H01G11/76—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/72—Current collectors specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power storage device and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the electricity storage device has an electricity storage device element formed by laminating a positive electrode and a negative electrode formed by forming an electrode active material layer on a current collector via a separator, and each electrode is connected to the outside via a lead.
- the terminal is electrically connected to each other.
- electrical connection between each electrode and the lead can be achieved by welding the lead to a plain portion where the electrode active material layer of the current collector of each electrode is not formed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that one of the outer peripheral portions of each of a positive electrode uncoated portion where the electrode active material layer in the positive electrode current collector is not formed and a negative electrode uncoated region where the electrode active material layer in the negative electrode current collector is not formed.
- a secondary battery in which leads are coupled over a range of / 2 is disclosed. According to such a configuration, since the contact area between the current collector and the lead is large, the contact resistance between the current collector and the lead is reduced, thereby improving the current collection efficiency and the high output secondary battery. It is said that you can get.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a power storage device in which a plain portion and a lead in a current collector are resistance-welded through a convex portion formed on the lead. According to such a configuration, when resistance welding is performed by the welding electrode, desired electrical continuity is ensured, so that the welding current is stabilized, and as a result, sparks are generated in the welded part and the vicinity of the welded part. It is also said that welding defects such as variations in welding strength and discoloration of current collectors and leads due to abnormal heat generation can be suppressed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a sealed battery that is reduced with low welding energy by forming a slit in a lead and irradiating a high energy beam along a center line in the length direction of the slit. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 13 (1), the portion of the lead 95 where the slit 96 is formed is overlapped on the plain portion 94 of the current collector, and laser welding is performed in this state. As shown in (2), a joint 97 is formed along the peripheral edge of the slit 96 of the lead 95.
- 90 is an electrode body
- 91 is a separator
- 92 is a negative electrode
- 93 is a positive electrode.
- an object of the present invention is to reliably achieve electrical connection between the current collector and the lead in the electrode body with a small welding energy, and when electrically connecting the current collector and the lead, the separator Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electricity storage device and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the electricity storage device includes an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode each having an active material layer formed on a current collector are laminated via a separator, and at least one current collector of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is
- the power storage device has a plain part where the active material layer is not formed, and a joining part that joins the plain part and the lead is formed
- the lead connected to at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a recess at a position where the joint is formed, When viewed in plan from the thickness direction of the lead,
- the opening edge of the recess has a rectangular shape having a first width (w1) in one direction and a second width (w2) in the other direction perpendicular to the one direction (hereinafter referred to as “the circumscribed rectangle of the opening edge of the recess”).
- a rectangle having a fifth width (w5) in the one direction and a sixth width (w6) in the other direction (hereinafter, also referred to as “a circumscribed rectangle of the periphery of the bond portion”) is formed on the periphery of the bond portion.
- the first width (w1) and the fifth width (w5) satisfy a relationship of w5 ⁇ w1.
- the “lead” means a part or component that electrically connects the positive and negative electrodes and the positive and negative external terminals directly or indirectly.
- the metal constituting the plain portion and the metal constituting the lead are mixed in the joint portion.
- the said junction part is formed over the bottom face from the wall surface in the said recessed part of the said lead
- the first width (w1) and the fifth width (w5) satisfy a relationship of w1> w5.
- the periphery of the joint portion is surrounded by a rectangle circumscribing the opening edge of the recess when viewed in plan from the thickness direction of the lead.
- a plurality of the joint portions exist in a rectangle circumscribing the opening edge of the concave portion of the lead when viewed in plan from the thickness direction of the lead.
- an angle ⁇ formed by two imaginary straight lines extending along the wall surface of the recess is 0-2. It is preferably 62 rad.
- the depth D (mm) of the recess and the angle ⁇ (rad) satisfy the relationship of 0.25 ⁇ ( ⁇ + 1) / D.
- the method for producing an electricity storage device of the present invention includes an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode each having an active material layer formed on a current collector are laminated via a separator, and at least one of the current collectors includes the active material
- the welding is preferably laser welding.
- an angle ⁇ formed by two virtual straight lines extending along the wall surface of the recess is 0 to 2.62 rad. It is preferable that
- the electricity storage device of the present invention it is possible to reliably achieve electrical connection between the current collector and the lead in the electrode body with small welding energy, and when electrically connecting the current collector and the lead, The separator is not melted, and therefore a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be prevented.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the electricity storage device taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the electricity storage device taken along line VV in FIG. 3. It is sectional drawing for description which expands and shows the recessed part of a lead
- the electricity storage device of the present invention can be configured as, for example, a lithium ion capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery, or an electric double layer capacitor.
- a lithium ion capacitor hereinafter also referred to as “LIC”
- LIC lithium ion capacitor
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory perspective view showing a configuration of an example of an electricity storage device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the electricity storage device shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the electricity storage device shown in FIG. 1 cut in the X-axis direction.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the electricity storage device taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the electricity storage device taken along line VV in FIG.
- the electricity storage device 100 includes a metal exterior body 10, and the exterior body 10 contains an electrode body 20 and an electrolytic solution.
- an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis are illustrated as three axes orthogonal to each other.
- the exterior body 10 in the illustrated example has a flat rectangular box shape in which one side surface (an upper surface perpendicular to the Z direction in FIG. 1) is opened.
- the shape of the exterior body 10 is not particularly limited as long as it can accommodate an electrode body 20 and an electrolytic solution described later.
- the material of the exterior body 10 is, for example, aluminum, stainless steel, iron, or the like.
- the exterior body 10 is provided with a long rectangular sealing plate 30 so as to airtightly close the opening of the exterior body 10.
- the sealing plate 30 is joined to the exterior body 10 by welding, for example.
- the sealing plate 30 may be made of, for example, aluminum, stainless steel, or iron, but is preferably the same material as that of the exterior body 10.
- a long rectangular resin holder 50 having a circular opening 56 at the center is provided on the surface of the sealing plate 30.
- the sealing plate 30 is provided with a safety valve 34 at the center portion thereof. The safety valve 34 is opened when the pressure inside the exterior body 10 rises to a predetermined value or more, and thereby the gas inside the exterior body 10 is released to the outside. By opening the safety valve 34, an increase in pressure inside the exterior body 10 is suppressed.
- Two rectangular terminal plates 40a and 40b are disposed on the surface of one end portion and the other end portion of the resin holder 50, respectively, so as to be separated from each other.
- one terminal board 40a is a negative terminal board and the other terminal board 40b is a positive terminal board.
- the material of the one terminal board 40a is, for example, copper or nickel.
- the material of the other terminal plate 40b is, for example, aluminum, and is preferably the same material as the sealing plate 30 and the exterior body 10.
- Each of the terminal plates 40a and 40b is provided with a bolt 80 protruding from the surface thereof, being fixed to the terminal plates 40a and 40b.
- the terminal plates 40a and 40b and the bolt 80 constitute external terminals.
- the terminal plates 40a and 40b, the resin holder 50 and the sealing plate 30 are each provided with a through hole 42 penetrating in the thickness direction, and an insulating plate 60 is provided in the through hole. Note that a gasket (not shown) may be provided in the through hole in order to enhance the sealing performance.
- the electrode body 20 shown in FIG. 5 is a wound type obtained by winding a laminate sheet in which a sheet-like positive electrode 13, a negative electrode 12, a lithium electrode (not shown), and a separator 11 are further laminated. However, it may be a laminated type in which laminated sheets are laminated.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode active material layer formed on a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector has a negative electrode uncoated region (not shown) in which the negative electrode active material layer is not formed. Examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include metals such as copper, stainless steel, and nickel.
- the positive electrode 13 has a positive electrode active material layer formed on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector has a positive electrode uncoated portion 14 on which no positive electrode active material layer is formed.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector include metals such as aluminum, stainless steel, and iron.
- the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector are collectively referred to as “electrode current collector”, and the negative electrode uncoated region and the positive electrode uncoated region are collectively referred to as “electrode uncoated region”.
- the electrode uncoated portion is formed along the long side direction at one end portion in the short side direction of the electrode current collector.
- the electrode current collector a porous foil or a non-porous foil is preferably used, and can be properly used according to the target electricity storage device 100.
- the lithium electrode has a structure in which a lithium metal foil is pressure-bonded on a lithium electrode current collector.
- a lithium metal foil is pressure-bonded on a lithium electrode current collector.
- the generated lithium ions are electrochemically doped into the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode 12 (including “intercalation”) through the electrolytic solution.
- the electrode body 20 is a power generation part of the electricity storage device 100.
- the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode 12 and the lithium metal are directly contacted and electrically connected to each other. It is also possible to dope with lithium ions.
- One terminal plate 40a is electrically connected to the negative electrode plain portion of the negative electrode current collector constituting the negative electrode 12.
- the terminal plate 40 a is connected to the negative electrode 12 of the electrode body 20 via a lead 64.
- the other terminal plate 40 b is electrically connected to the positive electrode plain portion 14 of the positive electrode 13 of the electrode body 20.
- the terminal plate 40 b is connected to the positive electrode 13 of the electrode body 20 via an internal terminal (not shown) and the lead 64.
- the electrical connection between the terminal plate 40b and the positive electrode uncoated portion 14 is such that the terminal plate 40b disposed on the upper surface (Z-axis direction) of the sealing plate 30 is electrically connected to the sealing plate 30 and leads to the sealing plate 30. It can also be carried out by electrically connecting the positive electrode uncoated region 14 via 64. Therefore, the terminal plate 40b may be configured to be electrically connected to the exterior body 10 and the sealing plate 30.
- the lead 64 has a recess 65 at a position where a joint portion 68 for joining the electrode uncoated portion and the lead 64 is formed.
- the thickness T of the lead 64 and the depth D of the recess 65 satisfy the relationship 0 ⁇ D ⁇ T.
- the material of the lead 64 include metals such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nickel, and iron.
- the thickness T of the lead 64 is preferably 0.5 mm to 6 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 4 mm, and particularly preferably 1.5 mm to 3 mm. If the thickness T of the lead 64 is less than 0.5 mm, the cross-sectional area of the lead 64 becomes small, which may result in high resistance. On the other hand, if the thickness T of the lead 64 exceeds 6 mm, the welding energy required for electrical connection between the lead 64 and the uncoated electrode portion becomes excessive, so that the separator 11 may melt and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 may be short-circuited. There is.
- the length of the lead 64 is preferably 30 to 100 mm, more preferably 35 mm to 90 mm, and particularly preferably 40 mm to 80 mm.
- the length of the lead 64 includes, for example, the length of a bent portion (hereinafter also referred to as “curved portion”) when bent in an L shape.
- the lead 64 in this example has a curved portion, and the curved portion of the lead 64 is electrically connected to the internal terminal.
- the length of the curved portion can be appropriately designed in consideration of the size, performance, and the like of the electricity storage device 100.
- the width of the lead 64 is appropriately set according to the width of the plain portion, but is preferably 3 to 20 mm, particularly preferably 5 to 15 mm from the viewpoint of connection resistance.
- the depth D of the recess 65 of the lead 64 is preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and particularly preferably 1 to 4 mm. If the depth D of the recess 65 is less than 0.5 mm, the welding energy required for electrical connection between the lead 64 and the electrode uncoated portion becomes excessive, so that heat is transferred from the lead 64 to the electrode current collector. There is a possibility that the separator 11 melts and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 are short-circuited. On the other hand, when the depth D of the recess 65 exceeds 5 mm, heat due to the welding energy is accumulated in the recess 65, and this heat is transferred to the electrode current collector via the lead 64. As a result, the separator 11 May melt and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 may be short-circuited.
- the shape of the recess 65 is not particularly limited, and various shapes can be adopted as shown in FIGS.
- Specific examples of the shape of the recess 65 include a rectangle, an ellipse, a dot, a waveform, a zigzag, a rhombus, and the like, and it is sufficient that one or more recesses 65 having these shapes are provided on the lead 64.
- Preferred shapes include a rectangle (FIG. 7 (a)) and a dot (FIG. 7 (e) and FIG. 7 (j)).
- the example shown in FIG. 7E and FIG. 7J is an example having a plurality of recesses 65, but the number of recesses 65 takes into account the number of joints to be formed, ease of manufacturing, and the like.
- Such a recess 65 has a first width w1 in one direction (X-axis direction in the drawing) and one direction at the opening edge of the recess 65 when viewed in plan from the thickness direction of the lead 64 (Y-axis direction in the drawing).
- a rectangle 69 (a circumscribed rectangle of the recess opening edge) 69 having a second width w2 in the other direction (Z-axis direction in the drawing) perpendicular to is formed.
- the number of the recesses 65 is one and the shape of the opening edge of the recess 65 is rectangular, the opening edge of the recess 65 coincides with the circumscribed rectangle 69 of the recess opening edge.
- One direction related to the first width w1 means a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the lead 64 extends
- the other direction related to the second width w2 means a direction in which the lead 64 extends.
- the shape of the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 is not particularly limited, but is formed so as to fit in the recess 65.
- Specific shapes of the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 include, for example, a rectangle, an ellipse, a dot, a waveform, a zigzag, and a rhombus, as shown in (k) to (q) of FIG.
- the bottom surface 67 only needs to have one or more of the above shapes in the recess 65.
- Particularly preferable shapes include a rectangle (FIG. 8 (k)), an ellipse (FIG. 8 (l)), and a dot (FIG. 8 (m), FIG. 8 (q)).
- the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 has a third width w3 in one direction (X direction in the drawing) and a peripheral edge of the bottom surface 67 when viewed from the thickness direction of the lead 64 (Y-axis direction in the drawing).
- a rectangle 71 having a fourth width w4 in the other direction (hereinafter also referred to as “a circumscribed rectangle of the bottom surface of the recess”) 71 may be formed in a circumscribed state.
- the one direction related to the third width w3 and the other direction related to the fourth width w4 are the same as the one direction related to the first width w1 and the other direction related to the second width w2, respectively.
- the first width w1 of the circumscribed rectangle 69 at the recess opening edge of the lead 64 and the third width w3 of the circumscribed rectangle 71 at the bottom of the recess preferably satisfy the relationship of w3 ⁇ w1, and satisfy the relationship of w3 ⁇ w1.
- 7 shows specific examples of the shape of the opening edge of the recess 65 and the shape of the bottom surface 67, respectively.
- the cross-sectional shape when the concave portion 65 is cut in the thickness direction of the lead 64 may be such that the back surface of the portion where the concave portion 65 is located is flat, as shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C, a protrusion may be provided on the back surface of the portion where the recess 65 is located, but from the viewpoint of electrical connection between the lead 64 and the electrode plain portion. Therefore, it is preferable to be flat. The reason is that since the thickness of the portion (thin portion) forming the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 is small, the joint portion 68 can be easily alloyed and reliable electrical connection can be achieved. .
- FIG. 9 (a) to (d) on the left side show a state before the joint portion 68 is formed, and (e) to (h) on the right side show a state where the joint portion 68 is formed.
- an angle ⁇ (hereinafter also simply referred to as “angle ⁇ ”) formed by two virtual lines extending along the wall surface 66 of the recess 65 is 0 to 2.62 rad. It is preferable that it is 0.35 to 1.92 rad.
- angle ⁇ is too small, when the joining portion 68 is formed, heat due to the welding energy is accumulated in the recess 65, and thus this heat is transferred to the electrode current collector via the lead 64, As a result, the separator 11 may melt and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 may be short-circuited.
- the angle ⁇ when the angle ⁇ is excessive, the welding energy required for electrical connection between the lead 64 and the uncoated electrode portion is excessive, and therefore the separator 11 may melt and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 may be short-circuited. There is. Furthermore, press molding that can be manufactured at low cost becomes difficult, and it is necessary to perform expensive cutting, which makes mass production difficult.
- the inclinations of the two virtual lines may be the same as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C, or may be different from each other as shown in FIG. 9D. Are preferably identical to each other.
- the depth D (mm) and the angle ⁇ (rad) of the recess 65 satisfy the relationship of 0.25 ⁇ ( ⁇ + 1) / D.
- the value of ( ⁇ + 1) / D is less than 0.25, since the depth D of the recess 65 is relatively excessive, the welding energy required for electrical connection between the lead 64 and the electrode uncoated region is excessive. Therefore, the separator 11 may melt and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 may be short-circuited.
- the joint portion 68 that electrically joins the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 of the lead 64 and the uncoated electrode portion may be formed from the wall surface 66 to the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 as shown in FIG. In this way, when the joint portion 68 is formed from the wall surface 66 to the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 and the upper surface of the joint portion 68 forms a curved surface, the position at which the wall surface 66 changes from a flat surface to a curved surface is determined. It is the peripheral position of the bottom surface. That is, in FIG.
- the joint portion 68 may be formed only on the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 as shown in FIG.
- the third width w3 of the circumscribed rectangle 71 on the bottom surface of the recess in the lead 64 and the fifth width w5 of the circumscribed rectangle 72 on the periphery of the joint satisfy the relationship of w3 ⁇ w5.
- the joining portion 68 is preferably configured by mixing the metal constituting the lead 64 and the metal constituting the electrode uncoated portion. Specifically, in the joint portion 68 related to the positive electrode 13, the positive electrode uncoated portion 14 of the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode 13 and the lead 64 are joined by welding to form an alloy, thereby forming the joint portion 68. Yes.
- the alloyed component in the joint 68 of the positive electrode 13 is preferably alloyed with a metal including a metal derived from aluminum, a metal derived from stainless steel, a metal derived from iron, and a metal derived from nickel.
- the negative electrode uncoated portion of the negative electrode current collector in the negative electrode 12 and the lead 64 are joined together by welding to form an alloy.
- the alloyed component in the joint 68 according to the negative electrode 12 is preferably alloyed with a metal including a metal derived from copper, a metal derived from nickel, a metal derived from stainless steel, and a metal derived from iron.
- a metal derived from copper a metal derived from copper
- a metal derived from nickel a metal derived from stainless steel
- a metal derived from iron a metal derived from iron.
- the planar shape of the joint portion 68 is not particularly limited, the joint portion 68 is formed so as to be accommodated in the recess 65, and when viewed in plan from the thickness direction of the lead 64 (Y-axis direction in the drawing), the peripheral edge of the joint portion 68 is the opening edge of the recess. Is surrounded by a circumscribed rectangle 69.
- Specific examples of the planar shape of the joint 68 include a rectangle, an ellipse, a dot, a waveform, a zigzag, and a rhombus, as shown in FIGS. 11 (r) to (x). It suffices if one or more joining portions 68 are formed in the recess 65.
- Preferred shapes include a rectangle (FIG.
- FIG. 11 (r) an ellipse (FIG. 11 (s)), and a dot (FIG. 11 (t), FIG. 11 (x)).
- the number of the junction parts 68 is the dimension of a recessed part 65, the number, the ease of manufacture, etc. It is possible to set appropriately in consideration.
- Such a joint portion 68 has a fifth width w5 in one direction (X-axis direction in the drawing) and the other on the periphery of the joint portion 68 when viewed from the thickness direction of the lead 64 (Y-axis direction in the drawing).
- a rectangle (a circumscribed rectangle around the periphery of the joint) 72 having a sixth width w6 in the direction (Z-axis direction in the figure) is formed in a circumscribed state.
- the contour of the plane of the joint portion 68 coincides with the circumscribed rectangle on the periphery of the joint portion.
- the one direction related to the fifth width w5 and the other direction related to the sixth width w6 are the same as the one direction related to the first width w1 and the other direction related to the second width w2, respectively.
- the shape of the joint portion 68 shown in FIG. 11 may be combined in any way with each shape of the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the shape of the recess 65 and the bottom surface 67 shown in FIG. 7A may be combined with the shape of the joint 68 shown in FIG. 11T and FIG. 11X, and FIG. You may combine the shape of the recessed part 65 and the bottom face 67 which are shown, and the shape of the junction part 68 shown in FIG.11 (w).
- the thickness d of the joint portion 68 is the distance from the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 in the lead 64 to the interface between the lead 64 and the electrode uncoated portion.
- the metal constituting the lead 64 and the metal constituting the electrode plain portion are mixed and integrated at the joint portion 68, but the portion other than the joint portion 68 in the lead 64 and the electrode plain portion is the lead 64 and the electrode plain portion.
- the thickness d of the joint 68 is the distance from the surface of the joint 68 (the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65) to the interface with the electrode uncoated portion.
- the thickness d of the joint portion 68 is, for example, 0.2 to 1 mm.
- the first width w1 of the circumscribed rectangle 69 at the opening edge of the recess in the lead 64 and the fifth width w5 of the circumscribed rectangle 72 at the periphery of the joint satisfy the relationship of w5 ⁇ w1. Yes, preferably satisfying w5 ⁇ w1. That is, by satisfying the condition that the value of w1 / w5 is 1 or more, preferably more than 1, the necessary welding energy does not become excessive, and the joint portion 68 can be formed with appropriate welding energy. The melting of the separator 11 can be suppressed, and the electrical connection between the electrode uncoated portion and the lead 64 can be reliably achieved.
- the power storage device 100 of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, through the following steps (1) to (8).
- a lead 64 having a thin portion formed by having a recess 65 is prepared.
- the thickness of the thin portion is preferably 0.2 to 2.5 mm.
- a gasket is attached so as to cover the inside of the through hole 42 through which the terminal formed on the sealing plate 30 is led out, an internal terminal is attached to the through hole 42, and the resin holder 50 is attached to the surface of the sealing plate 30.
- the terminal boards 40a and 40b and the bolt 80 are electrically connected.
- the terminal plates 40a and 40b and one end of the internal terminal are welded.
- the other end of the internal terminal and one end of the lead 64 are welded. (6) As shown in FIG.
- the thin portion due to the concave portion 65 of the lead 64 is superimposed on the positive electrode plain portion 14 of the positive electrode 13 in the electrode body 20, and the positive uncoated portion 14 of the electrode body 20 is placed on the thin portion due to the concave portion 65.
- the joining portion 68 is formed by joining by welding. Laser welding is preferable for welding the lead 64 and the positive electrode uncoated portion 14. Since laser welding can be performed without contact, maintenance of the apparatus is easy. As a result, since there is almost no deterioration of the apparatus, there is no maintenance cost, so the manufacturing cost is low. Further, the negative electrode uncoated portion of the negative electrode 12 in the electrode body 20 and the lead 64 are joined in the same manner as described above.
- the electrode body 20 is accommodated in the exterior body 10, and the exterior body 10 and the sealing plate 30 are welded.
- the electrolytic solution is injected from the safety valve 34, and the safety valve 34 is welded to the sealing plate 30 to assemble the electricity storage device 100.
- the electricity storage device 100 can be manufactured. According to such a manufacturing method, the joining portion 68 can be easily formed even if the welding energy is small and there is no heat distortion. As a result, it is possible to suppress the separator 11 from being melted by heat energy.
- the lead 64 has the concave portion 65 at the position where the joint portion 68 is formed, the first width (w1) in the circumscribed rectangle 69 of the concave opening edge, and the circumscribed rectangle of the joint portion periphery.
- the fifth width (w5) at 72 satisfies the relationship of w5 ⁇ w1. Therefore, when joining the lead 64 and the electrode uncoated portion, it is possible to suppress the thermal burn to the recess 65 due to the bonding energy, and the metal constituting the bottom surface 67 of the recess 65 and the metal constituting the electrode uncoated portion. Therefore, the required joint portion 68 can be reliably formed.
- the joining energy is small, melting of the separator 11 due to heat transfer can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the electricity storage device 100 of the present invention, electrical connection between the electrode current collector and the lead 64 in the electrode body 20 can be reliably achieved with small welding energy, and the electrode current collector and the lead can be electrically connected. Therefore, the separator 11 is not melted when the connection is made, and a short circuit between the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 12 can be prevented.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made.
- the present invention includes substantially the same configuration (for example, a configuration having the same function, method and result, or a configuration having the same purpose and effect) as the configuration described in the above embodiment.
- the present invention also includes a configuration in which a non-essential part of the configuration described in the above embodiment is replaced with another configuration.
- the present invention includes a configuration that achieves the same effects as the configuration described in the above embodiment or a configuration that can achieve the same object.
- the present invention includes a configuration obtained by adding a known technique to the configuration described in the above embodiment.
- said embodiment is an example in which both a positive electrode and a negative electrode have a plain part
- the structure in which any one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode has a plain part may be sufficient.
- the lead connected to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode only needs to have a recess at the position where the joint is formed.
- the power storage device of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made.
- the above embodiment is an example configured as a lithium ion capacitor
- the power storage device of the present invention may be configured as a lithium ion secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor.
- Example 1 (S1) Production of negative electrode: A slurry for negative electrode containing graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder was prepared. This negative electrode slurry was applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of a copper porous foil by a die coater and dried. At this time, on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material layer was formed so that the negative electrode uncoated portion was formed along one side of the short side direction of the current collector along the long side direction.
- a slurry for positive electrode was prepared by adding activated carbon powder, acetylene black, a fluoroacrylic binder, and carboxymethylcellulose to water and dispersing. This positive electrode slurry was applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum porous foil by a die coater and dried. At this time, on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer was formed such that the positive electrode uncoated portion was formed at one end portion in the short side direction of the current collector along the long side direction.
- a first separator and a second separator each made of a cellulose / rayon mixed nonwoven fabric were prepared. And the positive electrode was arrange
- the negative electrode was laminated on the second separator so that the negative electrode uncoated portion protruded from the other edge side extending along the long side direction of the second separator.
- the electrode laminated body was comprised.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were disposed so that the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer face each other with the second separator interposed therebetween.
- the electrode laminate was wound from one end of the electrode laminate so that the negative electrode was inside the stainless steel core rod.
- a lithium electrode current collector is formed by crimping a lithium electrode current collector of a copper porous foil on the lithium metal foil to the surface of the first separator with a gap from the end of winding of the positive electrode.
- a wound electrode body was prepared by fixing the body to the first separator with tape. Next, the outer peripheral surface including the end of the electrode body was covered with a polypropylene film and fixed with tape. After the stainless steel core rod formed the electrode body, it was extracted and the electrode body was pressed to form a flat wound electrode body. At this time, it adjusted so that a lithium electrode might be located in the flat part of a flat wound-type electrode body.
- the negative electrode plain portion and the negative electrode lead were electrically connected to each other by superimposing a negative electrode lead having a nickel plating on the surface of the copper substrate on the negative electrode plain portion of the obtained electrode body and joining them by laser welding. Further, the negative electrode lead was electrically connected by joining to a copper negative electrode terminal plate plated with nickel by laser welding.
- the positive electrode plain portion of the electrode body is overlapped with the thin portion of the concave portion of the aluminum L-shaped positive electrode lead, and the two joint portions are formed by laser welding at two locations. And the positive electrode lead were electrically connected. Furthermore, the positive electrode lead was electrically connected by joining to a positive electrode terminal plate made of aluminum by laser welding.
- the negative electrode terminal plate and the positive electrode terminal plate are integrated with the aluminum sealing plate via the polypropylene resin holder by insert resin molding.
- the dimensions of the sealing plate are 15 mm (vertical) ⁇ 150 mm (horizontal) ⁇ 1.5 mm (thickness).
- the positive electrode lead has an L-shape, and has an L-shaped long side length of 50 mm, a short side length of 20 mm, a length of 70 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm.
- the contour of the recess has a rectangular shape of 3 mm ⁇ 24 mm, and a thin portion having a thickness of 1 mm is formed at the bottom.
- corner which two virtual straight lines extended to the side surface of a recessed part make is 0.7 rad.
- the positive electrode lead has a rectangular recess near the center of the long side.
- the circumscribed rectangle of the opening edge of the recess coincides with the contour of the recess
- the first width w1 is 3 mm
- the second width w2 is 24 mm
- the depth D of the recess is 2 mm
- the wall angle ⁇ is 0.7 rad.
- Each of the obtained joints has a rectangular shape and is formed from the bottom surface of the concave portion of the positive electrode lead to the wall portion, and the aluminum constituting the positive electrode lead and the aluminum constituting the positive electrode uncoated portion are mixed and integrated. It is constituted by becoming.
- the dimensions of the surface of the joint are 1 mm ⁇ 11 mm, and the distance between the two joints is 1 mm.
- a rectangle having a fifth width w5 of 1 mm and a sixth width w6 of 23 mm circumscribes the periphery of the two joints. Is surrounded by a circumscribed rectangle of the opening edge of the recess.
- the electrode body after 100,000 charge / discharge cycles was confirmed, but there was no short circuit.
- the value of w1 / w5 is less than 1 (that is, w1 ⁇ w5). Therefore, during laser welding, thermal energy is applied to the outside of the recess, and the lead is melted in the entire thickness direction. Excessive heat energy was necessary. For this reason, heat was transferred to the first separator and the second separator through the lead and the positive electrode current collector, and the first separator and the second separator were melted.
- a short circuit was confirmed in the electrode body after 100,000 charge / discharge cycles.
- the lithium ion capacitor C5 since a plurality of metal powder spatters adhered to the electrode body after welding, a short circuit was confirmed in the electrode body after 100,000 charge / discharge cycles.
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Abstract
Description
具体的に説明すると、図13(1)に示すように、集電体における無地部94上にリード95におけるスリット96が形成された部分を重ね合わせ、この状態でレーザー溶接することにより、図13(2)に示すように、リード95のスリット96の周縁部に沿って接合部97が形成される。図13において、90は電極体、91はセパレータ、92は負極、93は正極である。
しかしながら、上記の密閉電池においては、接合部97は、リード95のスリット96の周縁部を溶かしながら形成されるため、接合部97を構成する金属量が少なく、無地部94とリード95との電気的接続を確実に達成することが困難であり、高抵抗となる傾向にあった。
前記正極および前記負極の少なくとも一方に接続された前記リードは、前記接合部が形成された位置に凹部を有し、
前記リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、
前記凹部の開口縁には、一方向の第1の幅(w1)および前記一方向に垂直な他方向の第2の幅(w2)を有する矩形(以下、「凹部開口縁の外接矩形」ともいう。)が外接しており、
前記接合部の周縁には、前記一方向の第5の幅(w5)および前記他方向の第6の幅(w6)を有する矩形(以下、「接合部周縁の外接矩形」ともいう。)が外接しており、
前記第1の幅(w1)および前記第5の幅(w5)が、w5≦w1の関係を満たすこと特徴とする。
なお、本明細書において「リード」とは、正負の各電極と正負の各外部端子とを、直接的又は間接的に、電気的に接続する部位又は部品を意味する。
また、前記接合部は、前記リードの前記凹部における壁面から底面にわたって形成されていることが好ましい。
また、前記第1の幅(w1)および前記第5の幅(w5)が、w1>w5の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
また、前記リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、前記接合部の周縁は、前記凹部の開口縁に外接する矩形に囲まれていることが好ましい。
また、前記リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、前記接合部は、前記リードの前記凹部の開口縁に外接する矩形内に複数存在することが好ましい。
また、前記凹部を前記第1の幅(w1)の方向に沿って前記リードの厚み方向に切断した断面において、前記凹部の壁面に沿って伸びる2つの仮想直線のなす角θが0~2.62radであることが好ましい。
また、前記凹部の深さD(mm)および前記角θ(rad)は、0.25≦(θ+1)/Dの関係を満たすことが好ましい。
また、リチウムイオンキャパシタとして構成されていることが好ましい。
凹部を有することにより肉薄部が形成されているリードを準備する工程と、
前記凹部の肉薄部に、前記無地部を溶接によって接合することにより、前記接合部を形成する工程とを有することを特徴とする。
また、前記凹部を前記リードが伸びる方向と垂直な方向に沿って前記リードの厚み方向に切断した断面において、前記凹部の壁面に沿って伸びる2つの仮想直線のなす角θが0~2.62radであることが好ましい。
本発明の蓄電デバイスは、例えばリチウムイオンキャパシタ、リチウムイオン二次電池、または電気二重層キャパシタとして構成することができる。
以下、本発明の蓄電デバイスを、リチウムイオンキャパシタ(以下、「LIC」ともいう。)として実施した場合について説明する。
この蓄電デバイス100は、金属製の外装体10を有し、この外装体10の内部には、電極体20および電解液が収容されている。図面では、互いに直交する3つの軸として、X軸、Y軸、およびZ軸を図示している。図示の例の外装体10は、一側面(図1では、Z方向に垂直な上面)が開口した扁平な矩形の箱型のものである。但し、外装体10の形状は、後述する電極体20および電解液を収容することができれば、特に限定されない。外装体10の材質は、例えばアルミニウム、ステンレス、鉄等である。
封口板30の表面には、中央部分に円形の開口56を有する長尺な矩形の樹脂ホルダー50が設けられている。また、封口板30には、その中央部分に安全弁34が設けられている。安全弁34は、外装体10の内部の圧力が所定値以上に上昇した場合に開弁し、これにより、外装体10の内部のガスが外部に放出される。安全弁34の開弁により、外装体10の内部の圧力が上昇することが抑制される。
端子板40a,40bの各々には、その表面から突出するボルト80が、端子板40a,40bに固定されて設けられている。この例においては、端子板40a,40bおよびボルト80が外部端子を構成している。
また、端子板40a,40b、樹脂ホルダー50および封口板30には、それぞれを厚み方向に貫通する貫通孔42が設けられ、この貫通孔には、絶縁板60が設けられている。なお、密閉性を強化するために、ガスケット(図示せず)が貫通孔に設けられていてもよい。
負極12は、負極集電体上に負極活物質層が形成されてなり、負極集電体は、負極活物質層が形成されていない負極無地部(図示省略)を有する。負極集電体の材質としては、例えば、銅、ステンレス、ニッケルなどの金属が挙げられる。
正極13は、正極集電体上に正極活物質層が形成されてなり、正極集電体は、正極活物質層が形成されていない正極無地部14を有する。正極集電体の材質としては、例えば、アルミニウム、ステンレス、鉄などの金属が挙げられる。
以下において、負極集電体および正極集電体を総称して「電極集電体」といい、負極無地部および正極無地部を総称して「電極無地部」という。)。なお、図5に示す電極体20において、電極無地部は、電極集電体の短辺方向の片端部に長辺方向に沿って形成されている。
リチウム極は、リチウム極集電体上にリチウム金属箔が圧着された構造を有する。リチウム極集電体と、負極12を構成する負極集電体の負極無地部とを電気的に接続することによって、電解液に溶解してリチウムイオンが生成する。生成したリチウムイオンは、電解液を介して電気化学的に負極12の負極活物質層にドープ(「インターカレート」を含む。)される。その結果、負極12の電位を下げることができる。電極体20は、蓄電デバイス100の発電部分となる。なお、リチウム極と負極12の負極無地部とを電気的に接続すること以外に、負極12の負極活物質層とリチウム金属とを直接接触させて電気的に接続することによって、負極活物質層にリウチムイオンをドープすることも可能である。
リード64の材質は、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、ステンレス、ニッケル、鉄などの金属が挙げられる。
リード64の長さは、30~100mmが好ましく、35mm~90mmがより好ましく、40mm~80mmが特に好ましい。尚、リード64の長さは、例えばL字状に曲がっている場合には、曲がった部分(以下、「曲部」ともいう。)の長さも含む。
この例のリード64は曲部を有しており、リード64の曲部は内部端子と電気的に接続される。このような曲部を有することにより、内部端子との接続が確実に達成されるうえ、リード64と内部端子との接続面積が大きくなるため、接続抵抗を小さくすることができる。曲部の長さは、蓄電デバイス100のサイズ、性能等を考慮し適宜設計することが可能である。
リード64の幅は、無地部の幅に応じて適宜に設定されるが、接続抵抗の点から、3~20mmが好ましく、5~15mmが特に好ましい
凹部65の深さDが0.5mm未満であると、リード64と電極無地部との電気的接続に要する溶接エネルギーが過大となるため、リード64から電極集電体に伝熱し、その結果、セパレータ11が溶融して正極13と負極12とが短絡する虞がある。一方、凹部65の深さDが5mmを超えると、溶接エネルギーによる熱が凹部65内に籠って蓄熱するため、この熱がリード64を介して電極集電体に伝熱し、その結果、セパレータ11が溶融して正極13と負極12とが短絡する虞がある。
なお、図7には、それぞれ凹部65の開口縁の形状および底面67の形状の具体例を図示しているが、図8に示す底面67の形状と、図7に示す凹部65の開口縁の形状とをいかように組み合わせてもよい。
図9において、左側の(a)~(d)は接合部68が形成される前の状態を示し、右側の(e)~(h)は接合部68が形成された状態を示す。
上記2つの仮想直線の各々の傾きは、図9の(a)~(c)に示すように互いに同一であってもよく、図9の(d)に示すように、互いに異なっていてもよいが、互いに同一であることが好ましい。
このように、接合部68が合金化されたものであることにより、確実な電気的接続を図ることができると共に、異種金属同士における電位が生じなくなって腐食が生じにくく、低抵抗化を図ることができる。
また、図11に示す接合部68の形状は、図7および図8に示す凹部65の底面67の各形状といかように組み合わせてもよい。例えば、図7(a)に示す凹部65および底面67の形状と、図11(t)や図11(x)に示す接合部68の形状とを組合せてよもく、図7(c)に示す凹部65および底面67の形状と、図11(w)に示す接合部68の形状を組合せてもよい。
接合部68の厚みdは、例えば0.2~1mmである。
(2)封口板30に形成された端子を導出する貫通孔42の内側を被覆するようにガスケットを装着し、貫通孔42に内部端子を装着すると共に、樹脂ホルダー50を封口板30の表面に形成する。
(3)端子板40a,40bとボルト80とを電気的に接続する。
(4)端子板40a,40bと、内部端子の一端とを溶接する。
(5)内部端子の他端とリード64の一端とを溶接する。
(6)図12に示すように、電極体20における正極13の正極無地部14に、リード64における凹部65による肉薄部を重ね、凹部65による肉薄部に、電極体20の正極無地部14を溶接によって接合することにより、接合部68を形成する。リード64と正極無地部14との溶接は、レーザー溶接が好ましい。レーザー溶接は、非接触で溶接できるため、装置のメンテナンスがしやすい。その結果、装置の劣化が殆ど無いためメンテナンスコストがかからないので製造コストが安価になる。
また、電極体20における負極12の負極無地部とリード64とを、上記と同様にして接合する。
(7)外装体10に電極体20を収容し、外装体10と封口板30とを溶接する。
(8)電解液を安全弁34から注入し、安全弁34を封口板30に溶接して蓄電デバイス100を組み立てる。
このような製造方法によれば、熱籠りが無く、溶接エネルギーが小さくても容易に接合部68を形成することができる。その結果、熱エネルギーによってセパレータ11が溶融することを抑制することができる。
従って、本発明の蓄電デバイス100によれば、小さい溶接エネルギーで電極体20における電極集電体とリード64との電気的接続を確実に達成することができ、電極集電体とリードとを電気的に接続する際に、セパレータ11が溶融することがなく、正極13と負極12との短絡を防止することができる。
また、上記の実施形態は、正極および負極の両方が無地部を有する例であるが、正極および負極のいずれか一方が無地部を有する構成であってもよい。
また、正極および負極の両方が無地部を有する場合には、正極および負極のいずれか一方に接続されたリードが、接合部が形成された位置に凹部を有するものであればよい。
(1)負極の製造:
黒鉛粉体と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン粉末とを含む負極用スラリーを調製した。この負極用スラリーを、銅製多孔箔からなる負極集電体の両面に、ダイコーターによって塗工して乾燥した。このとき、負極集電体の両面において、負極無地部が集電体の短辺方向の片端部に長辺方向に沿って形成されるよう、負極活物質層を形成した。
活性炭粉末と、アセチレンブラックと、フッ素アクリル系バインダーと、カルボキシメチルセルロースとを、水に添加して分散することにより、正極用スラリーを調製した。この正極用スラリーを、アルミニウム製多孔箔からなる正極集電体の両面に、ダイコーターによって塗工して乾燥した。このとき、正極集電体の両面において、正極無地部が集電体の短辺方向の片端部に長辺方向に沿って形成されるよう、正極活物質層を形成した。
それぞれセルロース/レーヨン混合不織布よりなる第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータを用意した。
そして、第1のセパレータの表面における2つのリチウム極の間に、正極を配置した。このとき、正極無地部が第1のセパレータの長辺方向に沿って伸びる一方の縁側から突出するよう配置した。次いで、正極上に、第2のセパレータを、正極無地部が当該第2のセパレータの長辺方向に沿って伸びる一方の縁側から突出するよう積層した。即ち、第2のセパレータは、第1のセパレータと略同じ位置に配置した。次いで、第2のセパレータ上に、負極を、負極無地部が第2のセパレータの長辺方向に沿って伸びるもう一方の縁側から突出するよう積層した。このようにして、電極積層体を構成した。ここで、正極活物質層および負極活物質層が第2のセパレータを介して互いに対向するよう、正極および負極を配置した。この電極積層体を、ステンレス製の芯棒に対し、負極が内側となるよう当該電極積層体の一端から捲回した。次いで、正極の巻終わりと間隔を開けた状態で、第1のセパレータの表面に、リチウム金属箔上に銅製多孔箔のリチウム極集電体を圧着してリチウム極を構成し、リチウム極集電体を第1のセパレータにテープで固定することにより、捲回状の電極体を作製した。次いで電極体の捲き終わりを含む外周面をポリプロピレンフィルムで覆い、テープで固定した。ステンレス製の芯棒は電極体を形成した後、抜き取り、電極体をプレスして扁平状の巻回型電極体を形成した。この時、リチウム極が扁平状の巻回型電極体の平坦部分に位置するように調整した。
正極リードは、L字状の形状を有し、L字の長辺の長さが50mm、短辺の長さ20mm、長さが70mm、幅が10mm、厚みが3mmのものである。レーザー溶接前の正極リードにおいて、凹部の輪郭は3mm×24mmの矩形形状であり、底部には厚さ1mmの肉薄部が形成されている。そして、前記凹部を正極リードの幅方向に沿って正極リードの厚み方向に切断した断面において、凹部の側面に伸びる2つの仮想直線がなす角は0.7radである。
一方、レーザー溶接後においても、正極リードは、長辺の中央近傍に矩形の凹部を有する。正極リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、凹部開口縁の外接矩形は当該凹部の輪郭と一致し、第1の幅w1は3mm、第2の幅w2は24mm、凹部の深さDは2mm、壁部の角度θは0.7radである。
得られた接合部の各々は、表面が矩形の形状を有し、正極リードの凹部の底面から壁部にわたって形成され、正極リードを構成するアルミニウムと正極無地部を構成するアルミニウムとが混合し一体化することによって構成されている。この接合部の表面の寸法は、それぞれ1mm×11mmで、2つの接合部の離間距離は1mmである。正極リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、2つの接合部の周縁には、第5の幅w5が1mmで第6の幅w6が23mmである矩形が外接しており、また、接合部の周縁は凹部開口縁の外接矩形によって囲まれている。
また、w1/w5の値は3.0、(θ+1)/Dの値は0.85であった。
また、電極体における第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータを目視で確認した結果、溶融していないことが確認された。
15mm(幅)×150mm(長さ)×100mm(高さ)のアルミニウム製の外装体内に、電極体を配置した。角型外装容器の開口を封口板で封口し、レーザー溶接により固定した。次いで、封口板に形成された孔から、プロピレンカーボネートに1モル/Lの濃度でLiPF6が溶解された電解液を注入した。その後、封口板に形成された孔に、アルミニウム性の安全弁を溶接した。このようにして、捲回角型のリチウムイオンキャパシタS1を製造した。
正極リードおよび接合部の寸法を下記表1に従って変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして捲回角型のリチウムイオンキャパシタS2~S7およびリチウムイオンキャパシタC1~C4を製造した。
また、電極体における第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータを目視で確認した結果、リチウムイオンキャパシタS2~S7については溶融していないことが確認されたが、リチウムイオンキャパシタC1~C4については溶融していることが確認された。
負極無地部と負極リードとの接合および正極無地部と正極リードとの接合において、レーザー溶接の代わりに抵抗溶接を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして捲回角型のリチウムイオンキャパシタC5を製造した。
以上において、正極無地部と正極リードとの抵抗溶接は、直径3.5mmの溶接電極によって正極無地部および正極リードを挟み込むことによって行った。また、得られた接合部は、表面の形状が直径3.3mmの円形であり、接合部周辺には凹部が無くなっていた。
また、電極体における第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータを目視で確認した結果、溶融していないことが確認された。しかし、抵抗溶接を行った箇所の近傍においては、第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータには金属粉のスパッタが複数付着していることが確認された。
実施例1(S1)~実施例7(S7)および比較例1(C1)~比較例5(C5)に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタに対し、25℃の環境下で10Aの定電流で電圧が3.8Vになるまで充電し、その後、3.8Vの定電圧を印加する定電流-定電圧充電を0.5時間行い、次いで、10Aの定電流でセル電圧が2.2Vになるまで放電した。次いで、この3.8V-2.2Vの充放電の操作を繰り返し、10万回目の放電後に、リチウムイオンキャパシタを角形外装容器から取り出し、電極体の短絡の有無を確認した。その結果を下記表1に示す。
リチウムイオンキャパシタC1~C4においては、w1/w5の値が1未満(即ち、w1<w5)であるため、レーザー溶接の際に、熱エネルギーが凹部の外側にかかり、リードを厚み方向全体にわたって溶解させなければならず、過大な熱エネルギーが必要であった。このため、リードおよび正極集電体を介して第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータに伝熱し、第1のセパレータおよび第2のセパレータが溶融した。その結果、リチウムイオンキャパシタC1~C4については、10万回充放電サイクル後の電極体において短絡が確認された。
リチウムイオンキャパシタC5においては、溶接後の電極体には金属の粉体のスパッタが複数付着していたため、10万回充放電サイクル後の電極体において短絡が確認された。
11 セパレータ
12 負極
13 正極
14 正極無地部
20 電極体
30 封口板
34 安全弁
40a,40b 端子板
42 貫通孔
50 樹脂ホルダー
56 開口
60 絶縁板
64 リード
65 凹部
66 壁面
67 底面
68 接合部
69 凹部開口縁の外接矩形
71 凹部底面の外接矩形
72 接合部周縁の外接矩形
80 ボルト
90 電極体
91 セパレータ
92 負極
93 正極
94 無地部
95 リード
96 スリット
97 接合部
100 蓄電デバイス
D 凹部の深さ
d 接合部の厚み
W1 第1の幅
W2 第2の幅
W3 第3の幅
W4 第4の幅
W5 第5の幅
W6 第6の幅
Claims (12)
- それぞれ集電体上に活物質層が形成された正極および負極がセパレータを介して積層された電極体を備え、前記正極および前記負極の少なくとも一方の集電体は、前記活物質層が形成されていない無地部を有し、前記無地部とリードとを接合する接合部が形成された蓄電デバイスであって、
前記正極および前記負極の少なくとも一方に接続された前記リードは、前記接合部が形成された位置に凹部を有し、
前記リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、
前記凹部の開口縁には、一方向の第1の幅(w1)および前記一方向に垂直な他方向の第2の幅(w2)を有する矩形が外接しており、
前記接合部の周縁には、前記一方向の第5の幅(w5)および前記他方向の第6の幅(w6)を有する矩形が外接しており、
前記第1の幅(w1)および前記第5の幅(w5)が、w5≦w1の関係を満たすこと特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 前記無地部を構成する金属と前記リードを構成する金属とが前記接合部において混合していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記接合部は、前記リードの前記凹部における壁面から底面にわたって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記第1の幅(w1)および前記第5の幅(w5)が、w1>w5の関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、前記接合部の周縁は、前記凹部の開口縁に外接する矩形に囲まれていることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記リードの厚み方向から平面視したとき、前記接合部は、前記リードの前記凹部の開口縁に外接する矩形内に複数存在することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項5のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記凹部を前記第1の幅(w1)の方向に沿って前記リードの厚み方向に切断した断面において、前記凹部の壁面に沿って伸びる2つの仮想直線のなす角θが0~2.62radであることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項6のいずれかに蓄電デバイス。
- 前記凹部の深さD(mm)および前記角θ(rad)は、0.25≦(θ+1)/Dの関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- リチウムイオンキャパシタとして構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
- それぞれ集電体上に活物質層が形成された正極および負極がセパレータを介して積層された電極体を備え、前記集電体の少なくとも一方は、前記活物質層が形成されていない無地部を有し、前記無地部とリードとを接合する接合部が形成された蓄電デバイスの製造方法であって、
凹部を有することにより肉薄部が形成されているリードを準備する工程と、
前記凹部による前記肉薄部に、前記無地部を溶接によって接合することにより、前記接合部を形成する工程とを有することを特徴とする蓄電デバイスの製造方法。 - 前記溶接がレーザー溶接であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蓄電デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記凹部を前記リードが伸びる方向と垂直な方向に沿って前記リードの厚み方向に切断した断面において、前記凹部の壁面に沿って伸びる2つの仮想直線のなす角θが0~2.62radであることを特徴とする請求項10または請求項11に蓄電デバイスの製造方法。
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JP2019207749A (ja) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池 |
JP7037728B2 (ja) | 2018-05-28 | 2022-03-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池 |
CN111293268A (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-16 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 电池 |
CN111293268B (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2022-03-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 电池 |
CN112563681A (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-26 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
US11646475B2 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-05-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
CN112563681B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-05-12 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
US12009552B2 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2024-06-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
CN115428253A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-12-02 | Tdk株式会社 | 蓄电器件用电极、蓄电器件和二次电池 |
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CN108604505A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
KR20180110086A (ko) | 2018-10-08 |
JPWO2017159742A1 (ja) | 2018-10-18 |
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