WO2017148826A1 - Dispositif de mesure de courant - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017148826A1
WO2017148826A1 PCT/EP2017/054379 EP2017054379W WO2017148826A1 WO 2017148826 A1 WO2017148826 A1 WO 2017148826A1 EP 2017054379 W EP2017054379 W EP 2017054379W WO 2017148826 A1 WO2017148826 A1 WO 2017148826A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
measuring device
magnetic field
current measuring
busbar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/054379
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philipp Steinberger
Daniel Steiner
Maximilian Rau
Original Assignee
Wöhner GmbH & Co. KG Elektrotechnische Systeme
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP16157903.2A external-priority patent/EP3211436A1/fr
Priority claimed from EP16157912.3A external-priority patent/EP3211437A1/fr
Application filed by Wöhner GmbH & Co. KG Elektrotechnische Systeme filed Critical Wöhner GmbH & Co. KG Elektrotechnische Systeme
Publication of WO2017148826A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017148826A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/205—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a current measuring device for non-contact current measurement of at least one electric current flowing through a busbar.
  • current transformer For current measurement in conventional single- or multi-phase power supply systems usually current transformer are used. These current transformers usually contain an iron core with two coils. However, such current transformers for current measurement are relatively large and also can only detect alternating currents and no direct currents. Moreover, such conventional current transformers have a comparatively high power consumption at a power of, for example, 2.5 watts. Conventional current transformers have a relatively low efficiency. In addition, conventional current transformers are relatively vulnerable to environmental influences, in particular to the influence of extraneous fields and to temperature fluctuations. Another disadvantage of conventional current transformers is that they can not readily be retrofitted to measure the current to an already existing or installed conductor. A current transformer has to measure the current in the
  • the current measuring device according to the invention for at least one busbar makes it possible to measure both direct and alternating currents in a single and / or multi-phase power supply system without contact.
  • the current measuring device can readily be retrofitted onto an already existing or routed busbar, in particular a power supply line, for a device without the relevant circuit or current path being interrupted.
  • the device according to the invention for non-contact current measurement thus enables subsequent assembly, also known as "retrofit”.
  • Another advantage of the current measuring device according to the invention is that it is insensitive to environmental influences, in particular with respect to the influence of external fields.
  • Another advantage of the current measuring device according to the invention is that it is insensitive to strong temperature fluctuations and high temperatures.
  • Another significant advantage of the current measuring device according to the invention is that its energy consumption is low.
  • Another advantage of the current measuring device according to the invention is that this current measuring device is particularly space-saving and can be used with smaller devices.
  • the magnetic field screen is designed such that it surrounds the conductor in an almost annular manner.
  • the magnetic field screen has several
  • these screen parts of the magnetic field screen are connected to one another in an articulated manner and enclose the current conductor almost completely except for the gap region.
  • the magnetic field screen has two opposite legs, wherein the open gap region of the magnetic field screen is located between the two parallel legs.
  • the two end sections of the tubular clamp-shaped magnetic field screen are bent outwards and run parallel to one another, the open gap region of the magnetic field screen being located between the two end sections.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor which in the
  • Cleavage region of the magnetic field screen is arranged, a GMR sensor.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor which is arranged in the gap region of the magnetic field screen, is a TMR sensor.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor, which is arranged in the gap region of the magnetic field screen is an AMR sensor.
  • a microcontroller for signal evaluation of a measurement signal emitted by the magnetoresistive sensor is arranged in the space enclosed by the magnetic field screen.
  • the magnetic field shield protects the microcontroller from external interference fields and / or from excessive field loading by the magnetic field generated by the at least one current conductor.
  • the bus bar enclosed by the magnetic field screen is a rigid bus bar with a specific cross section.
  • the bus bar enclosed by the magnetic field screen has a rectangular cross-section.
  • the umbrella parts of the multi-part magnetic field screen which are connected to one another in an articulated manner can be latched onto the at least one enclosed busbar.
  • the sensitivity axis of the magnetoresistive sensor runs parallel to magnetic field lines in the gap region of the magnetic field screen.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor detects a direct current flowing through the busbar and / or an alternating current flowing through the busbar and / or a pulsed current flowing through the busbar, including harmonics, without contact.
  • the at least one busbar conducts a current phase for a device connected to a power supply network.
  • the magnetic field screen has an amorphous metal with high permeability and low remanence.
  • the amorphous metal comprises a nickel-containing amorphous metal, in particular Supra 50 or Perm-alloy 80.
  • the magnetic field screen encloses at least two parallel busbars.
  • the two busbars arranged in parallel are traversed antiparallel by two different electrical currents, in particular by a forward and reverse current, wherein the magnetoresistive sensor detects a differential current intensity between the current strengths of the two electrical currents without contact.
  • the busbars arranged in parallel are flowed through in parallel by electrical currents flowing in the same direction, the magnetoresistive current flowing in the same direction Sensor detects a total current strength of the currents of the parallel-flowing electric currents without contact.
  • an evaluation unit which evaluates the sensory current intensities of the at least one busbar, a summation current intensity or a differential current intensity.
  • the device has a control unit which activates an actuator in dependence on an evaluation result supplied by the evaluation unit.
  • the evaluation unit transmits the evaluation result to an external controller.
  • the invention provides a current measuring device with at least one annular magnetic field screen which, for the current measurement of an electric current flowing through at least one load through an associated busbar, without interrupting it, enclosing the at least one current conductor up to at least one gap area Busbar is mountable.
  • the invention provides an ammeter with a current measuring device according to the first aspect of the invention for measuring an electrical direct current flowing through the busbar and / or an alternating electrical current flowing through the busbar.
  • this current measuring device is designed as current measuring pliers.
  • this has an evaluation unit for output Evaluation of the measured current, a display unit for displaying the measured current and / or a transmitting unit for wireless transmission of the measured current to an external receiving unit of a mobile device, in particular a mobile device on.
  • this can be mounted on a current busbar of the busbar system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a possible exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention for non-contact current measurement
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a possible embodiment of a magnetic field screen used in the device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a current measuring principle which can be used in the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustration of the effect of a displacement of a magnetoresistive sensor, which can be used in the device according to the invention, in one direction together with the magnetic field screen of the device according to the invention
  • 5 is an illustration of the effect of a displacement of the magnetoresistive sensor, which is used in the invention
  • the device according to the invention can be used in one direction without a magnetic field screen;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of the magnetic field lines, in particular in a gap region between end sections of a U-shaped magnetic field screen, as can be used in the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement
  • 7 shows an illustration of a magnetic field shielding of an interference field, which is carried out by a magnetic field screen of the device according to the invention, for explaining the mode of operation of the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of an exemplary
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a hinged embodiment of the device according to the invention for non-contact current measurement in a busbar;
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the foldable embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 9 after mounting on a busbar;
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the foldable embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 9 after mounting on a busbar;
  • FIGS. 9, 10 are perspective views showing an internal structure of the foldable embodiment of the non-contact current measuring apparatus according to the invention shown in FIGS. 9, 10;
  • FIG. 12 shows a representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a device for non-contact current measurement that can be mounted on a power line; 13 shows a further embodiment of a device for non-contact current measurement; FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a magnetic field screen used in the device according to FIG. 13; FIG.
  • 16 is a sectional view of another possible device for non-contact current measurement
  • Fig. 17 is a further sectional view showing a
  • FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of a further variant of a device for non-contact current measurement
  • 19 is a perspective view of a variant of a
  • FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing an example of application of the non-contact current measurement device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 21 shows a further circuit diagram to illustrate a further example of application of the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement;
  • FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing an example of application of the non-contact current measurement device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 21 shows a further circuit diagram to illustrate a further example of application of the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement;
  • FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the non-contact current measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic perspective view of a possible embodiment of the embodiment variant of the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic perspective view of a possible embodiment of the embodiment variant of the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic perspective view of a possible embodiment of the embodiment variant of the device according to the invention for contactless current measurement shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 24 is a schematic representation of a possible further embodiment of the inventive device for non-contact current measurement.
  • Fig. 25 is an illustration of another embodiment of the inventive device for non-contact current measurement.
  • the current measuring device 1 for the non-contact current measurement of at least one electric current I flowing through a bus bar in the illustrated exemplary embodiment has a magnetic field screen 2 which comprises at least one current conductor or one current conductor. Rail 3 to a gap region 4 encloses and the enclosed space 5, in which the at least one
  • Busbar 3 is shielded against external interference.
  • the current conductor 3 is preferably a busbar, in particular a current busbar.
  • the busbar has a rectangular cross-section and is mechanically rigid.
  • the gap region 4 is located in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 between two end portions 2A, 2B of the clamp-shaped magnetic field shield 2, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the two end sections 2A, 2B of the tubular clamp-shaped magnetic field screen 2 are bent outwards and extend substantially parallel to one another, the open gap region 4 of the magnetic field screen 2 being located between the two end sections 2A, 2B.
  • the gap region 4 is shown in FIG. 1 surrounded by dashed lines. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the magnetic field screen 2 encloses the current conductor 3 almost annular except for the gap region. 4
  • the current I flowing through the current conductor or busbar 3 generates a magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field generated by the current conductor 3 when current I flows through it has in the gap region 4 of the magnetic field screen 2 linearized field lines with homogenized field strength.
  • the magnetic field lines MFL of the magnetic field generated are substantially perpendicular to the inner surfaces of the two end sections 2A, 2B of the magnetic field screen 2.
  • the magnetic field lines MFL are schematically indicated.
  • the inventive device 1 for non-contact current measurement has at least one magnetoresistive sensor 6, which is arranged in the gap region 4 and the existing there linearized and homogenized magnetic field whose field strength of the current I corresponds to the current flowing through the current conductor 1 3, detected ,
  • the current measuring device 1 according to the invention for non-contact has at least one magnetoresistive sensor 6, which is arranged in the gap region 4 and the existing there linearized and homogenized magnetic field whose field strength of the current I corresponds to the current flowing through the current conductor 1 3, detected ,
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 has a GMR sensor.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 comprises a TMR sensor or an AMR sensor.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 generates a measurement signal which is conducted via a signal line or a signal bus 7 to an evaluation unit 8, as shown in FIG.
  • the evaluation unit 8 evaluates the sensory current detected and can output the evaluation result via a line 9 to a control unit 10 in a possible embodiment.
  • the evaluation unit 8 and the control unit 10 may be integrated in a processor or microprocessor 11.
  • the evaluation of the sensory current detected in this embodiment after conversion of the analog measurement signal by digital Evaluation and control circuits.
  • the control unit 10 controls an actuator 13 via a control line 12 as a function of the evaluation result.
  • the actuator 13 may, for example, have a switching unit.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 of the current measuring device 1 shown in FIG. 1 has, in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of screen parts. These umbrella parts are hinged together in one possible embodiment and can enclose the conductor 3.
  • the magnetic field screen 2, as shown in Fig. 1, formed a tubular clamp.
  • the microprocessor or microcontroller 11 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged in the space enclosed by the magnetic field screen 2 and serves for the signal evaluation of a measurement signal output by the magnetoresistive sensor 6.
  • the magnetic field shield 2 protects the microcontroller 11 from external interference fields and excessive field loading by a foreign magnetic field and / or from the magnetic field generated by the current conductor 3.
  • an additional magnetic field shield 31 is preferably provided, which shields the sensor 6 from extraneous fields, as shown in FIG.
  • the current conductor 3 is a rigid conductor with a specific cross section, which is enclosed by the magnetic field screen 2. In one embodiment, the current conductor 3 is a current conductor with a rectangular cross-section. In one possible embodiment, the current conductor 3 is a current busbar of a busbar system. In one possible embodiment, the magnetic field screen 2 has a plurality of pivotally interconnected screen parts, which are mechanically latched onto the busbar 3. Alternatively, the magnetic field screen 2 can also enclose a printed conductor running on a printed circuit board or a printed conductor integrated in a printed circuit board.
  • the end portions 2A, 2B of the cup-shaped magnetic field shield 2 preferably protrude through two corresponding openings of the board on one side of the board, with an open gap region of the magnetic field shield 2 between the two protruding end portions and the magnetoresistive sensor on the first side Board is arranged in the open gap region 4.
  • an open gap region of the magnetic field shield 2 between the two protruding end portions and the magnetoresistive sensor on the first side Board is arranged in the open gap region 4.
  • the sensitivity axis of the magnetoresistive sensor 6 preferably runs parallel to the magnetic field lines MFL of the magnetic field present in the gap region 4 of the magnetic field screen 2.
  • the device 1 for contactless current measurement according to the invention is suitable both for DC measurement and for AC measurement.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 detects both a direct current (DC) flowing through the busbar 3 and an alternating current (AC) flowing through the current conductor 3 without contact.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 detects an electrical current signal of any shape, such as a pulsed current or a sawtooth current.
  • possible harmonics of the electrical current signal flowing through the busbar 3 are also detected by the magnetoresistive sensor 6. In one possible embodiment, these harmonics are determined by the evaluation unit 8. In one possible embodiment, the
  • Busbar 3 a current phase L to a device connected to a power supply device.
  • the device may be for example, to act an electric motor or the like.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 comprises an amorphous metal with high permeability and low remanence.
  • the amorphous metal comprises a nickel-containing amorphous metal, in particular Supra 50 or Permalloy 80.
  • These materials are nickel-iron alloys with different mixing ratios.
  • the so-called Supra 50 has a nickel content of about 50%.
  • the so-called Permalloy 80 or Mu metal in contrast, has a nickel content of about 80%.
  • the two materials (Supra 50, Permalloy 80) have similar magnetic properties in terms of permeability and coercive field strength, both
  • Substances or materials have a low remanence with high permeability.
  • the metals thereby receive the desired magnetic properties in the course of a heat treatment under a protective atmosphere.
  • Supra 50 in one possible embodiment has the following composition: 47.5% nickel, 0.5% Mn, 0.1% Si, 0.005% C, and 51.895% Fe.
  • Permalloy 80 has the following composition: 80% nickel, 0.5% Mn, 4.4% Mo, 0.3% Si and 14.8% Fe.
  • Supra 50 has a permeability ⁇ max) of 190,000, a coercive field strength (A / M) of about 2.8 and a saturation polarization (T) of 1.5.
  • Permalloy 80 has a higher permeability of about 250,000, a slightly lower coercive field strength (A / M) of 1.5 and a saturation polarization (T) of 0.8.
  • At least one further magnetic field screen 31 may be provided as shown in FIG. indicates, which additionally shields the magnetoresistive sensor 6, in particular against interference fields.
  • the current measuring device 1 allows non-contact current measurement without interruption of the current path to be measured.
  • the current measuring device 1 has a magnetic field screen 2, which can be mounted to the at least one current conductor 3 for current measurement of an electrical current flowing through at least one load through the associated current conductor or busbar 3 without interrupting the at least one current conductor 3 up to the gap region 4 is.
  • the current measuring device 1 is thus subsequently retrofitted to an existing or installed busbar 3 attachable or mountable without having to interrupt the flow of current within the conductor 3.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 a homogenization and linearization of the magnetic field within the gap region 4 is achieved.
  • the magnetic field shield 2 provides a shield against foreign or interference fields.
  • the device 1 for contactless current measurement according to the invention can be mounted on various current conductors or busbars with different cross sections, for example also on current conductors with a rectangular cross section, in particular on current busbars or the like.
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a variant of the current measuring device 1 according to the invention with a clamp-shaped magnetic field shield 2, which has two distal end portions 2A, 2B, which define a gap region 4, in which the magnetoresistive sensor 6 is located.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 consists of three screen parts 2-1, 2-2, 2-3.
  • the number of shielding parts 2-i can vary with different design variants and applications.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is formed in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 tube clamp-shaped. Alternatively, the magnetic field screen 2 can also u be formed, as shown for example in Fig. 6 schematically.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor is a GMR sensor.
  • the GMR layered structure of the GMR sensor 6 reduces its electrical resistance as soon as it is exposed to an external magnetic field.
  • an electric current I flows to a load 14, wherein in the interior
  • the magnetic field is generated.
  • the magnetic field has linearized field lines with homogenized field strength.
  • the GMR sensor 6 is arranged and is exposed to the linearized and homogenized magnetic field.
  • Fig. 3 thus is the magnetoresistive sensor
  • the magnetic field H has a field strength which corresponds to the current intensity I of the electrical current I flowing through in the main circuit 17.
  • the voltage fluctuation IC produced on the magnetoresistive sensor 6 as a result of the change in resistance can be supplied as a measuring signal to the evaluation unit 8 via the internal measuring line 7.
  • the analog measurement signal is first converted into a digital signal by means of an ADC and subsequently evaluated by the evaluation unit 8.
  • the load Au shown in FIG. 3 may, for example, be an electrical appliance, for example an electric motor or the like.
  • a current phase L of the power supply network can be applied to the load 14. As can be seen from Fig.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 detects the magnetic field H generated by the current I without contact.
  • a current measurement without any intervention in the main circuit 17 can be achieved. If the busbar 3 of the main circuit 17 is already present or laid, a contactless current measurement of the device 1 according to the invention can take place without interrupting the current flow. An existing system with power lines can therefore without interrupting the flow of current or the operation of the system readily with one or more devices 1 for non-contact
  • the magnetic field H is linearized around the magnetoresistive sensor 6 and homogenized.
  • the region in which the magnetoresistive sensor 6 is arranged is shown in dashed lines in FIGS. 4, 5.
  • a displacement of the magnetoresistive sensor 6 in the gap region 4 in the y-direction in the presence of a magnetic field shield 2 results in a maximum deviation of 4%.
  • a shift of a magnetoresistive sensor 6 without the presence of a magnetic field screen 2 with the same displacement a deviation of up to 20% result, as is apparent from the diagram of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a device 1 for non-contact current measurement.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is U-shaped.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 surrounds a current conductor 3 in a U-shape and has two end sections 2A, 2B which define a gap region 4. In this gap region 4, the magnetoresistive sensor 6 of the current measuring device 1 is placed or arranged.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the magnetic field lines MFL caused by a current flow through the current conductor 3.
  • the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2 is placed around the measured conductor 3.
  • the magnetic field lines MFL of the magnetic field H are linearized in the interior of the U-shape. Siert.
  • the arrangement according to the invention also offers field homogenization. While the field strength without the presence of a magnetic field screen 2 decreases indirectly proportionally to the conductor spacing (l / R), as can be seen in FIG. 5, the field strength in the gap region 4 is compensated by the magnetic field screen 2, as can be seen for example from the diagram according to FIG ,
  • Measuring device 1 with a clamp-shaped or ring-shaped magnetic field screen 2 is that a shielding takes place in front of external fields or interference fields.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a shield by the magnetic field screen 2 in front of an interference field.
  • a strong, symmetrical interference field can be generated by a different current conductor installed nearby.
  • Fig. 7 shows a
  • Source of interference SQ for example, a current conductor which generates an annular disturbing magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 largely shields the inner space 5 from the magnetic interference field.
  • the field lines which, without the presence of the magnetic field screen 2, would run undefined through a magnetoresistive sensor 6 provided in the gap region 4 are diverted by means of the magnetic field shield 2 via its legs, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 thus differentiates the interference field (derived perpendicular to the magnetoresistive sensor, non-sensitive sensor axis) from a measuring field (horizontal to the sensor, sensitive sensor axis).
  • FIG. 8 shows schematically a view of an exemplary embodiment of the device 1 for contactless current measurement according to the invention. In Fig.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 in the illustrated embodiment clamp-shaped and has three shield parts 2-1, 2-2, 2-3.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 has two end sections 2A, 2B, which define a gap region 4, in which a magnetoresistive sensor 6 is arranged.
  • Magnetic field screen 2 encloses an inner space 5, in which at least one busbar 3 is arranged.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 encloses a busbar 3 with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the busbar 3 may be a busbar.
  • the shield parts 2-i of the magnetic field screen 2 are closely connected to one another and allow snapping the magnetic field shield 2 onto an existing rail, in particular current busbars, as shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 which may consist of an amorphous metal with high permeability and low remanence, is for example annular.
  • the annular magnetic field shield 2 may be contained within a plastic housing 18.
  • the plastic housing 18 can be formed symmetrically for the particular application.
  • the plastic housing 18, in which the annular magnetic field screen 2 is located with its articulated magnetic field parts is formed such that the current measuring device 1 can be placed on a busbar 9 and then latched onto it.
  • the contour of the plastic housing 18 is designed such that the current measuring device 1 both on a
  • Round conductor for example, with a cross section of up to 300 mm 2
  • a current busbar for example, up to 30 x 4 mm
  • the current measuring module shown in FIG. 9 is preferably universally applicable and not device-bound.
  • the current measuring device 1 can also be mounted in a system during operation, without passing through the busbar 3, 9 To interrupt current flow. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, this is hinged on a busbar 3 and a current busbar 9 can be placed and mounted there.
  • the current measuring device 1 has a shutter mechanism 19, so that the current measuring device is fixedly mounted after placing on the current busbar 9.
  • the shutter mechanism 19 is designed such that it can then be released again in order to remove the current measuring device 1 from the busbar 3 or the current busbar 9.
  • Fig. 9 shows the placement of the current measuring device 1 on a Stromomsei rail 9 before closing the shutter mechanism 19.
  • Fig. 10 shows the folding current measuring device 1 after placement on the current busbar 9 and successful closure of the shutter mechanism 19.
  • the housing 18 of the folding current measuring device 1 has a geometric shape that can be adapted to the current collecting rail 9.
  • the closure mechanism 19 can be snapped onto the current busbars 9 or busbars 3 of different sizes, similar to a ski boot, and can be adapted to the size of the busbar 3. After snapping and
  • the foldable current measuring device 1 preferably sits firmly on the current collecting rail 9. After releasing the closing mechanism 19, the foldable current measuring device 1 can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the current collecting rail 9 to another location and then closed again. Alternatively, the shutter mechanism 19 may be fully opened and the foldable current measuring device 1 mounted and mounted on another rail of the busbar system for measuring the current flowing therethrough.
  • FIG. 11 shows the hinged current measuring device 1 with the housing 18 partially opened.
  • the tube-shaped magnetic field screen 2 present within the housing 18 can be seen with its two end sections 2A, 2B, which define a gap region 4.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 is also located in this gap region 4.
  • a microcontroller 11 for signal evaluation of a measurement signal output by the magnetoresistive sensor 6.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is preferably designed such that it protects the microcontroller 11 from external interference fields and an excessive field load due to the magnetic field generated by the at least one bus bar 3.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is made up of a plurality of magnetic field parts 2-i, which can be connected to one another in an articulated manner.
  • the shape of the magnetic field screen 2 can vary depending on the application.
  • FIG. 12 shows, for example, a magnetic field screen 2 with a plurality of magnetic field screen members 2-i connected in an articulated manner. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 has eleven magnetic field shield members 2-1 to 2-11, which are hinged together. Multiple links 2-i may form a magnetic field part of the magnetic field screen 2.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 shown in FIG. 12 can be integrated in an electrically insulating housing 18, which has a closure mechanism 19.
  • the magnetic field shield 2 encloses the busbar 3 almost completely.
  • the positioning of the magnetoresistive sensor 6 is provided in a gap region 4. This gap region 4 is used for field linearization and field homogenization. In the gap region 4, the magnetoresistive sensor 6 detects the relevant magnetic field for the measurement and is shielded there as best as possible against external field effects.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 contained in the housing 18 has a plurality of uniformly spaced screen parts which are each separated by a gap region, wherein a sensor 6 is provided in each gap region and supplies a measurement signal.
  • a sensor 6 is provided in each gap region and supplies a measurement signal.
  • three sensors 6 have a distance angle of 120 ° and provide three measurement signals, which are averaged.
  • FIG. 13 shows a device 1 for contactless current measurement.
  • the current measuring device 1 has an electrically insulating plastic housing 20, which consists of two housing shells 20A, 20B.
  • FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of the current measuring device 1 according to FIG. 13 after removal of the upper housing shell 20A. It can be seen in Fig. 14, a magnetic field 2, the possibly. encloses with an insulating jacket surrounding conductor 3 U-shaped. In the gap region 4 of the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2 is a magnetoresistive sensor 6, as shown in Fig. 14 can be seen.
  • FIG. 15 shows the embodiment variant of the current measuring device 1 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 13, 14 after removal of both housing shells 20A, 20B.
  • the GMR sensor 6 is located on a plastic carrier 21 with slots 22A, 22B into which the distal end sections 2A, 2B of the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2 can be inserted.
  • the embodiment variant illustrated in FIGS. 13, 14, 15 thus also permits retrospective mounting on an already existing power line or an already existing current path without having to interrupt the current flow to be measured. Therefore, an existing plant or an existing power supply system during operation can be retrofitted with an inventive current measuring device 1 for current measurement.
  • the current measuring device 1, as shown in the embodiment according to Figures 14, 15, 16, is not device-bound and can, for example, for all current-carrying conductor with a suitable cross-section (for example, up to 16 mm 2 ) for measuring a current I (for example, up to 100 A AC) be set.
  • the current measuring device 1 can measure both direct and alternating current.
  • the current measuring device 1 may be configured to measure a direct current of up to 150 amperes and an alternating current of up to 100 amperes.
  • the current conductor 3 is located in flexible guides of the housing 20, which can adjust to different cables or current conductor cross sections and thus ensure a central placement of the current conductor 3 within the housing 20.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 may be cast in the upper housing shell 20A of the housing 20 and be inserted into the two slots 22A, 22B of the support plate 21 when the current measuring device 1 is mounted on the current conductor 3.
  • the magnetoresistive sensor 6 provided on the carrier plate 21 supplies an analogue measurement signal.
  • a microcontroller 11 may be integrated in the carrier plate 21, which communicates via a data interface 23 with an external controller of the system and / or generates control signals to one or more actuators 13 of the relevant system.
  • Figures 16, 17 show another device 1 for non-contact current measurement.
  • the current conductor 3 is a conductor track running on a circuit board 24.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is U-shaped or clamp-shaped and has two end sections 2A, 2B which define a gap region 4.
  • the gap region 4 is a magnetoresistive sensor 6, for example, a GMR sensor.
  • the board 24 has in the illustrated embodiment, two openings 24 A, 24 B through which the clamp-shaped magnetic field 2 is performed, wherein it surrounds the conductor 3 on the lower side of the printed circuit board 24 and wherein the two end portions 2A, 2B of the magnetic field 2 on the upper side of the printed circuit board 24 to the open gap region 4.
  • FIG. 17 shows a further current measuring device 1, in the case of a current conductor 3 mounted on a printed circuit board 24.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is U-shaped, with the two legs of the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2 passing through two corresponding openings 24 A, 24 B of the printed circuit board 24 are passed and define the end portions of the two legs of the open gap region 4, in which the magnetoresistive sensor 6 is located.
  • the current conductor 3 is located on the lower side of the printed circuit board 24, while the magnetoresistive sensor 6 is located on the opposite upper side of the printed circuit board 24.
  • the current conductor 3 consists for example of an electrically conductive copper track.
  • the copper track itself is enclosed by the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2, the magnetic field lines MFL running along the sensitivity axis of the magnetoresistive sensor 6.
  • the current conductor 3 is located on one side of the board 24. In an alternative variant, the current conductor 3 can also run integrated within the printed circuit board 24.
  • An advantage of the variants illustrated in FIGS. 16, 17 is that the current measuring device 1 can be mounted without having to interrupt the current flow through the current conductor 3. When using the current measuring device 1 thus no separation of the current path or circuit must be done on the board.
  • the variant shown in Figures 16, 17 for use with a circuit board allows a particularly space-saving integration of the current measuring unit 1 for a circuit board of a switching device.
  • the device 1 for contactless current measurement also allows both the measurement of a DC DC and the measurement of an AC or AC current signal, which on a Track of a circuit board 24 of the device flows.
  • the openings 24A, 24B are preferably already produced during the production of the printed circuit board, for example at predetermined measuring points.
  • current measuring devices 1 can be attached either temporarily or permanently to the various measuring points of the printed circuit board 24.
  • the variant shown in Fig. 17 with a U-shaped magnetic field 2 allows the two legs of the magnetic field 2 subsequently pass through existing openings 24 A, 24 B to temporarily or permanently attach a current measuring device 1 to the printed circuit board 24 for current measurement.
  • the current measuring device 1 has a plastic holder 25 for use with printed circuit boards. Due to the mechanical fixation of the exchangeable or retrofittable current measuring device 1, the magnetic field screen 2 is pressed or pressed into the existing plastic holder 25.
  • FIG. 18 shows the upper side of a printed circuit board 24 with a plastic holder 25 provided therein into which the two end sections 2A, 2B of the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2 are pressed for mechanical fixation.
  • 19 shows the lower side of the corresponding printed circuit board 24 and the plastic holder with the base section of the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2.
  • the U-shaped magnetic field screen 2 encloses the printed conductor 3 extending on the lower side of the board 24, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 20 shows a switching arrangement in which several current measuring devices 1 according to the invention for non-contact
  • a load or device 14 is supplied with current phases of a multi-phase power supply network.
  • the power supply network has three phases LI, L2, L3 and a neutral conductor N.
  • the device or the load 14 is connected to the power supply network via power supply lines 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and the neutral 3-4.
  • a current measuring device 1 according to the invention for non-contact current measurement is provided or mounted on each busbar 3-i.
  • the current measuring device 1 can also be provided on further lines, for example a PE conductor.
  • These current measuring devices 1-i can also be retrofitted to the already existing corresponding power supply line 3-i without interrupting the power supply for the load or the device 14.
  • the current measuring devices 1-i supply current measured values or current signals 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 in the illustrated embodiment to an evaluation unit 8, which evaluates the current measured values and makes the evaluation results available to a control unit 10.
  • the evaluation unit 8 and the control unit 10 are integrated, for example, in a microprocessor 11 or other data processing unit.
  • the control unit 10 can, for example, control one or more actuators 13 of the system or the supplied device 14 itself, for example by changing device parameters of the device 14.
  • a current phase L x can also be provided via a plurality of parallel lines 3-i are guided, which are enclosed by the magnetic field 2 of the current measuring device 1.
  • Fig. 21 shows another application example of a plant using current measuring devices 1 for non-contact current measurement according to the invention.
  • a load or a device 14 is supplied with power at three current phases LI, L2, L3 via power supply lines 3-1, 3-2, 3-3.
  • a current measuring device 1-i which supplies current measuring signals or current measured values to an associated evaluation unit 8-i.
  • magnetic field screens 2-i of the respective current measuring devices 1-i enclose a single conductor to measure the electric current Li flowing therein.
  • a current phase Li can also have multiple parallel power lines or busbars may be provided.
  • the switching arrangement according to FIG. 21 has a summation current measuring device 1-4.
  • This summation current measuring device has a magnetic field screen 2-4, which encloses all three power supply lines 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, as indicated in Fig. 21 graphically.
  • the evaluation unit 8-4 evaluates the signal measured by the magnetoresistive sensor 6 of the summation current measuring device 1-4, which corresponds to the total current of the three current phases LI, L2, L3.
  • the various evaluation units 8-i are connected to a common central control unit 10, which actuators 13 of the system and the device 14 as a function of the measured total current and in the various
  • the magnetic field screen 2 is designed such that it is suitable for enclosing either one bus bar, two busbars or a plurality of busbars simultaneously and latching on them.
  • the current measuring device 1 can be used both as a summation current measuring device and as a single-flow measuring device.
  • a current measuring device 1 may also be suitable for enclosing two busbars in order to measure their currents.
  • the current measuring device 1 can thus be used flexibly for various applications.
  • the various current measuring devices 1-i can be either permanently mounted permanently on the existing busbars or temporarily.
  • the signal transmission from the current measuring device 1-i to the associated evaluation unit 8-i takes place wirelessly via a radio interface.
  • the various current measuring devices 1-i each have a transmitter or transceiver for measuring signal transmission.
  • Fig. 22 shows a further embodiment of the current measuring device according to the invention for non-contact current measurement.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 encloses two busbars 3-1, 3-2, to which a load 14 is connected.
  • a return current II flows via the first busbar 3-1 and a return current 12 via the second busbar 3-2.
  • Both busbars 3-1, 3-2 are enclosed by the unlocked magnetic field screen 2, in whose gap region a magnetoresistive sensor 6 is provided , which supplies measuring signals to the evaluation unit 8 of the device 1.
  • the current measuring device 1 measures the differential current between the forward and reverse flow.
  • the control unit 10 automatically opens an actuator contained in the electric circuit, in particular a switching unit 13, in order to interrupt the electrical circuit.
  • the two parallel busbars 3-1, 3-2 are traversed in antiparallel by two different electrical currents II, 12, in particular by a forward and reverse current, wherein the magnetoresistive sensor 6 has a differential current intensity between the two Amperages of the two electrical currents II, 12 detected without contact.
  • the evaluation unit 8 evaluates the measured differential current.
  • the control unit 10 controls the actuator 13 as a function of the differential current intensity by automatically opening it when a preset adjustable threshold value is exceeded.
  • FIG. 23 shows schematically the magnetic field screen 2 of the current measuring device 1 for the current measuring device shown in FIG. 22.
  • the two busbars 3-1, 3-2 for the outward and return current are essentially parallel to one another, in particular in the region of the magnetic field screen 2 surrounding them.
  • FIG. 24 shows a further embodiment of the current measuring device 1 according to the invention for contactless current measurement. solution.
  • the microprocessor 11 has a transceiver or transmitter 26.
  • the measurement result delivered by the evaluation unit 8 is transmitted by the transmitter 26 via a wireless interface to a transceiver or receiver 27 of a mobile terminal 28, which has a display unit 29.
  • the mobile terminal 28 is, for example, a mobile device or mobile phone.
  • the wireless radio link is, for example, an NFC radio link or a Blue Tooth link.
  • the transceiver 26 wirelessly transmits the measured current values of the electric current I flowing through the bus bar 3 to the
  • Transceiver 27 of the mobile device 28 of a user The transmitted current values are displayed on the display unit or the display of the mobile device 28 to the user.
  • the current measuring device 1 has a mechanical device for latching the magnetic field screen 2 onto the at least one power line 3 to be measured.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 can be snapped onto one or more bus bars 3 of different cross-section and different cross-sectional shape.
  • the cross-section of the respective busbar 3 is additionally detected or detected during latching and derived therefrom, which desired amperage has to flow through the relevant current conductor within the system during normal operation.
  • Mobile device 28 of the user transmitted and displayed on the display unit 29.
  • the currently measured busbar 3 has a cross section of 16 mm 2 , through which a nominal current AC of, for example, 100 amperes or a direct current intensity DC of, for example, 150 amperes rated current should flow.
  • a nominal current AC of, for example, 100 amperes or a direct current intensity DC of, for example, 150 amperes rated current should flow.
  • a nominal current AC of, for example, 100 amperes or a direct current intensity DC of, for example, 150 amperes rated current should flow.
  • a nominal current AC of, for example, 100 amperes or a direct current intensity DC of, for example, 150 amperes rated current should flow.
  • both the measured current and the target current are displayed.
  • the difference between the target current and the current measured current can be displayed.
  • the current measuring device 1 can be moved after placement on the power line or busbar 3 by means of a carriage along the busbar 3 to sequentially perform several current measurements at different or points of the busbar 3.
  • an encoding is provided on the busbar 3 in order to determine the current position of the current measuring device 1 on the busbar. If the power line or the busbar covers, for example, several meters in length, the current measuring device 1 automatically detects the position of the current measuring device 1 when the current measuring device 1 is moved by a position detection unit of the current measuring device 1 when the current measuring device 1 is displaced.
  • the current measuring device 1 additionally has a drive unit in order to connect the current measuring device 1 by means of a
  • 25 shows another embodiment of the current measuring device 1.
  • two semicircular rubber hoses or rubber rings 30 A, 3 OB are stretched in the circular magnetic field screen 2 in order to place the magnetic field screen 2 on the current conductor 3.
  • FIG. 25 is particularly suitable for busbars 3 with a smaller cross section, to which the current measuring device 1 can be placed.
  • the current measuring device 1 can be integrated according to a further aspect of the invention in a separate current measuring device, in particular a clamp meter.
  • This ammunition measuring device can supply a direct electrical current flowing through the busbar 3 and / or through the
  • Busbar 3 to measure flowing AC electrical current.
  • the current measuring device is switched between two operating modes manually or automatically, wherein in a first operating mode, a DC current flowing through the busbar 3 DC and in a second operating mode, a current flowing through the busbar 3 AC is measured by the current measuring device.
  • this current measuring device has an integrated evaluation unit 8 for evaluating the measured current intensity.
  • the current measuring device preferably has a display unit for displaying the current intensity measured at the busbar 3.
  • the power meter can also have a transmitting unit for wireless transmission of the measured current to an external receiving unit of the mobile device, such as a mobile device.
  • the current measuring device 1 according to the invention can be firmly mounted on an already existing busbar 3 and supply current measuring signals to a central control of the system.
  • the current measuring device 1 according to the invention is characterized by a very high efficiency of almost 100%, i. with a very low power loss.
  • An existing system can be retrofitted with one or more current measuring devices 1 according to the invention without the
  • the current measuring device 1 has a magnetoresistive Sensor 6, which requires only a very small space within a gap region 4. Accordingly, the current measuring device 1 according to the invention can be implemented in a particularly space-saving manner and, in particular, does not require any relatively large current measuring coils, in particular Rogowski coils.
  • the current measuring device 1 can be calibrated automatically by means of a predetermined reference current, which is supplied by a reference current source of the current measuring device 1.
  • the magnetic field screen 2 can enclose an additional reference current line, through which the predetermined reference current IREF flows for calibrating the current measuring device 1. The calibration can be carried out in a further calibration operating mode.
  • the current measuring device 1 latched onto the power line 3 has its own
  • the current measuring device 1 allows a non-contact current measurement with a high measuring accuracy.
  • the current measuring device according to the invention or the current measuring device 1 can measure the current intensity of 100 amperes with a measuring accuracy of less than 1 ampere.
  • the current measuring device 1 according to the invention is suitable both for summation current measurement and for differential current measurement.
  • the magnetic field shield 2 of the current measuring device 1 encloses two power lines, through which two different currents flow.
  • switching is made between a summation current measurement and a differential current measurement by means of an input unit of the current measuring device or the current measuring device 1.
  • the current measuring device 1 according to the invention is suitable for measuring various current signals, in particular one
  • the evaluation unit 8 of the current measuring device 1 according to the invention evaluates harmonics of the flowing current in order to detect possible operating states of the connected device or the associated power supply unit.
  • the evaluation unit 8 determines a local frequency spectrum of the standard current to be transmitted to the load 14.
  • the microprocessor 11 has a data interface for transmitting measured data and evaluation results to an external central control of the installation.
  • the current measuring device or the current measuring device 1 has an internal signal or data memory for recording the evaluation results, which can be read out via a data interface.
  • the evaluation unit 8 recognizes a critical or conspicuous state, the measurement signals and / or the evaluation results for a predetermined period of time can be recorded in the data memory of the measuring device 1 in order subsequently to be able to carry out a precise analysis of the possible error case.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure de courant (1) destiné à une barre conductrice (3). Le dispositif de mesure de courant (1) comprend : un blindage magnétique (2) en forme de bague ou de bride de tuyau qui peut être monté sur la barre conductrice (3) de façon à entourer la barre conductrice à l'exception d'une zone interstitielle (4) pour mesurer le courant électrique (I) circulant à travers la barre collectrice sans interrompre la barre collectrice (3). Le blindage magnétique (2) comprend une pluralité d'éléments de blindage qui sont reliés entre eux de manière articulée et qui entourent la barre collectrice (3). Le blindage magnétique (2) comporte deux parties d'extrémité (2a, 2b) qui sont pliées vers l'extérieur et qui s'étendent en parallèle. La région interstitielle (4) du blindage magnétique (2) est située entre les deux parties d'extrémité (2a, 2b). Au moins un capteur magnéto-résistif (6) est disposé dans la zone interstitielle (4), lequel est adapté pour détecter un champ magnétique homogénéisé et linéarisé, présent dans la zone interstitielle (4), dont l'intensité correspond à l'intensité du courant électrique (I) circulant à travers la barre collectrice (3).
PCT/EP2017/054379 2016-02-29 2017-02-24 Dispositif de mesure de courant WO2017148826A1 (fr)

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EP16157903.2 2016-02-29
EP16157903.2A EP3211436A1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 Dispositif de mesure de courant sans contact
EP16157912.3 2016-02-29
EP16157912.3A EP3211437A1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 Dispositif de mesure de courant

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RU2762518C1 (ru) * 2021-06-03 2021-12-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук" Широкополосный датчик переменного тока на тонкой ферромагнитной пленке
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CN118130856A (zh) * 2024-05-06 2024-06-04 山东省计量科学研究院 一种建筑消防设备的非接触性电流检测装置

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CN118130856A (zh) * 2024-05-06 2024-06-04 山东省计量科学研究院 一种建筑消防设备的非接触性电流检测装置

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