WO2017134060A1 - Method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017134060A1
WO2017134060A1 PCT/EP2017/052068 EP2017052068W WO2017134060A1 WO 2017134060 A1 WO2017134060 A1 WO 2017134060A1 EP 2017052068 W EP2017052068 W EP 2017052068W WO 2017134060 A1 WO2017134060 A1 WO 2017134060A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
person
radar
radar sensor
movement pattern
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/052068
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rachid Khlifi
Original Assignee
Audi Ag
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2017134060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017134060A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/411Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
    • G01S7/412Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/027Parking aids, e.g. instruction means
    • B62D15/0285Parking performed automatically
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/415Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/20Movements or behaviour, e.g. gesture recognition
    • G06V40/28Recognition of hand or arm movements, e.g. recognition of deaf sign language
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/0209Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9314Parking operations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9323Alternative operation using light waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93271Sensor installation details in the front of the vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93272Sensor installation details in the back of the vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93274Sensor installation details on the side of the vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle having a function for positioning the previously parked motor vehicle relative to a person, wherein depending on a position information of the person relative to the motor vehicle a Zielpose the motor vehicle, which allows a boarding of the person, and a to the Zielpose leading trajectory are determined and the motor vehicle is automatically moved along the trajectory in the Zielpose.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle.
  • driver assistance systems For modern motor vehicles, a large number of driver assistance systems have already been proposed, which evaluate input data that describe the driving situation and, if at least one action criterion occurs, carry out at least one measure to assist the driver.
  • Driver assistance systems for example so-called parking assistants, have also been described in particular with regard to parking and parking.
  • parking aids are known, which provide information based on data from ultrasonic sensors, in which direction from the motor vehicle obstacles are.
  • automatic parking and Ausparkhnen have already been proposed.
  • DE 10 2009 051 463 A1 describes a method for performing a parking operation of a motor vehicle, in which an external control device is used, which is designed for communication with a motor vehicle-side control device.
  • the transmitted signals are evaluated to determine location information about the driver's location and / or a destination specified by the driver, after which a Ausparkvorgang is feasible taking into account the location information.
  • a GPS sensor for example, an absolute position of the driver can be transmitted, it being possible to determine the position of the driver even more accurately by using environment sensors of the motor vehicle.
  • GPS receivers positioning by GPS receivers is dependent on coverage by satellites and the infrastructure. If no GPS reception is given, the location information can not be determined and communicated, for example within a parking garage. In addition, the accuracy of such position determinations is limited. If one considers the use of additional sensors, which is provided in the motor vehicle itself, a reliable determination is also mung position information to a person hardly possible because the recognition of the person is possible only with the highest effort.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for reliable and low-cost determination of a position information of a person in the automatic positioning of a motor vehicle, especially when Ausparken.
  • the invention proposes that the function is activated after detection of at least one predetermined movement pattern of the person in radar data of at least one radar sensor of the motor vehicle and determines the position information, in particular exclusively, from radar data of the person performing the movement pattern becomes.
  • the person requesting the function in particular the driver, by a movement pattern, for example a gesture, selects the function for radar sensors of the motor vehicle recognizably.
  • a movement pattern for example a gesture
  • the activation of the function also directly knows which object corresponds to the person so that the radar data can be used to provide extremely accurate, reliable position information derive the person, especially the driver.
  • the movement pattern is thus recognized as well as the source of the movement pattern, so that the position of the person can be determined and based on the ego position of the motor vehicle relative to the person an optimal trajectory for comfortable positioning of the person Motor vehicle or the driver's door relative to the external person under consideration of the obstacles in the environment of the motor vehicle can be calculated, with the comfortable positioning determined by the Zielpose. The person can then then comfortably open in particular the driver's door and get in.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • RF CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • a very low cost small radar sensor is possible, which can meet the space requirements significantly better and due to the short signal paths also has a very low signal-to-noise ratio and for high frequencies and larger, variable frequency bandwidths is suitable. Therefore, such small-sized radar sensors can also be used for short-range applications, for example in the range of 30 cm to 10 m.
  • CMOS transceiver chip and / or a package with CMOS transceiver chip and antenna on a common circuit board with a digital signal processing processor (DSP processor) or the functions of the signal processing processor in the CMOS Integrate transceiver chip. Similar integration is possible for control functions.
  • DSP processor digital signal processing processor
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention therefore provides that a radar sensor with a semiconductor chip that realizes at least one radar transceiver, in particular a CMOS chip, is used as the radar sensor. It is particularly preferred here if a control unit of the radar sensor and / or a digital signal processing component of the radar sensor are realized by the semiconductor chip and / or the semiconductor chip and an antenna arrangement of the radar sensor are realized as a package. In this way, not only an extremely small-scale radar sensor can be realized, which has a high signal-to-noise ratio due to short signal paths, but it can also be used with operating parameters that allow a highly accurate environment detection, especially in the vicinity.
  • the radar sensor with a frequency bandwidth of more than 2 GHz, in particular 4 GHz, and / or operating in a frequency band of 77 to 81 GHz.
  • High frequency bandwidths, in particular frequency bandwidths of 4 GHz, allow for excellent object identifiability and thus improved recognition of motion patterns as well as a more accurate determination of position information on a person performing the movement patterns.
  • a plurality of radar sensors are used whose coverage areas cover the surroundings of the motor vehicle in a 360 ° radius.
  • eight radar sensors can be used, which are concealed in the motor vehicle are installed, of which, for example, three in the front bumper, three in the rear bumper and two laterally, especially in the doors, are arranged.
  • These radar sensors are preferably wide-angle radar sensors which have an opening angle in the azimuth of more than 140 °, in particular more than 150 °. Overlap areas between the detection areas of the radar sensors can be used to plausibilize radar data against each other. By detecting the entire environment around the motor vehicle, the person or the movement pattern can be detected independently of the direction in which it is viewed from the motor vehicle.
  • the movement pattern is preferably a gesture to be carried out in particular with the arms.
  • gestures are preferably used which are to be understood unambiguously as an instruction to the driver assistance system, and consequently can only accidentally arise with a low probability.
  • the movement pattern is to be performed with more than one limb. In this way, it is possible to realize clear, easily identifiable movement patterns, in particular gestures, which can be recognized by the motor vehicle and are very unlikely to occur in a person's natural course of motion.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the monitoring of the presence of the movement pattern in Environment of the motor vehicle only when unlocked and / or switched on the motor vehicle, in particular after unlocking the motor vehicle by means of a remote control element occurs.
  • a remote control element for example a key
  • the function for suitably positioning the motor vehicle is thus always carried out only in the context of the unlocking / activation of the motor vehicle, so that it can not lead to accidental and / or caused by wrong people positioning maneuvers.
  • the duration of the monitoring is expediently limited, for example, by detecting a person in the driver's seat and / or until the ignition is switched on and / or until it is re-interlocked.
  • an indication signal in particular an optical and / or acoustic indication signal.
  • an indication signal for example, a unique sequence of tones can be output by the motor vehicle, which indicates to the person that the movement pattern has been understood and the function is activated, thus initiating the fully automatic positioning of the motor vehicle.
  • An additional or alternative possibility for notifying the person is an optical indication signal, for example a brief actuation of the hazard warning system and / or another illumination device of the motor vehicle.
  • the target pose can be determined in an optimization method such that the person can enter while taking a minimum distance by making use of a maximum available space.
  • an environment map is used with particular advantage, which also on the Radar sensors based, but also other environmental data of other environment sensors of the motor vehicle can take into account and / or can be based on a present digital map material.
  • an optimal target position and orientation can also be used in the context of the present invention.
  • the target pose and the trajectory are determined to maintain a minimum distance to the person. This means that when determining the target pose and the trajectory, a minimum distance to the person is used as a boundary condition in order to ensure the greatest possible safety of the person. Of course, such a minimum distance is expediently also observed to other persons, such as those, in particular by the radar sensor, observed. In this way, a very safe operation of the motor vehicle is given in the function for positioning.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle, comprising at least one radar sensor and a control device designed for carrying out the method according to the invention. All statements relating to the method according to the invention can be analogously applied to the motor vehicle according to the invention, so that the advantages mentioned can also be obtained therewith.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a radar sensor used in the motor vehicle according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. Fig. 3 is a first situation for explaining the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows a second situation for explaining the invention
  • Fig. 5 is a third situation for explaining the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows a fourth situation for explaining the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention. This has eight radar sensors 2, of which three are installed in the rear bumper, three in the front bumper and two in the doors of the motor vehicle.
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of the radar sensor 2 used in more detail. This is realized in semiconductor technology, here specifically CMOS technology, and is operated in a frequency band of 77 to 81 GHz with a frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz in order to deliver high-resolution radar data.
  • the radar sensor 2 has a housing 4, in which a printed circuit board 5 is supported, which carries a package 6, which is formed from a semiconductor chip 7 and an antenna arrangement 8 of the radar sensor 2.
  • the semiconductor chip 7, here a CMOS chip in addition to a radar transceiver 9, a control unit 10 of the radar sensor 2 and a digital signal processing component 1 1 (DSP) of the radar sensor 2 are realized.
  • DSP digital signal processing component 1 1
  • a central control unit 12 of the motor vehicle 1 which is also designed to carry out the method according to the invention, thus associated with a driver assistance system 13 with a function for positioning the previously parked motor vehicle 1 relative to a person.
  • the radar data are consequently evaluated at least in some operating states, in this case when the motor vehicle is unlocked, but not yet switched on (ignition off), in order to monitor whether a person is carrying out a predetermined movement pattern in the surroundings of the motor vehicle.
  • the radar data of the radar sensors 2 are high-resolution, the detection of individual limbs of people is easily possible, and thus a detection of movement patterns.
  • this is considered a trigger signal for the activation of the function for positioning the motor vehicle 1 relative to a person.
  • the person's positional information necessary therefor is determined from the radar data as that of the detected object that carried out the movement pattern, whereupon an aiming pose is determined in an optimization procedure that allows the person to get in via the driver's door as comfortably as possible.
  • an aiming pose is determined in an optimization procedure that allows the person to get in via the driver's door as comfortably as possible.
  • further objects / obstacles detected in the surroundings of the motor vehicle and / or otherwise known are taken into account.
  • These objects / obstacles are also taken into account in the subsequent planning of a trajectory which is intended to transfer the motor vehicle to the target pose.
  • a safety margin is maintained as a boundary condition to the person who has carried out the movement pattern and to other persons detected in the environment of the motor vehicle 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the motor vehicle 1 parked, so parked, in a parking garage 14, specifically here in a narrow gap between two other vehicles 15.
  • a person 16, here the driver of the motor vehicle 1 uses a Remote control element 17, here a key to unlock the motor vehicle 1.
  • the radar sensors 2 of the motor vehicle 1 are activated and their radar data are evaluated in the control unit 12 to the effect whether the predetermined movement pattern, here a gesture, in the environment of the motor vehicle 1 is detected.
  • the person 16 carries out the predetermined movement pattern with their arms 16a, which are only indicated here, which is detected in the control unit 12.
  • the functions for the automatic positioning of the motor vehicle 1 relative to the person 16 is activated, that is, it is on the one hand resulting from the radar data position information of the person 16 (which is already identified, since it has performed the movement pattern) as the basis for the calculation of the Zielpose and the trajectory taken, but on the other hand, the activation of the function is also acknowledged, in this case acoustically and optically by a brief illumination 18 of the hazard warning system of the motor vehicle 1 only hinted here.
  • the motor vehicle 1 has finally reached the target pose 20.
  • the person 16 can comfortably get in with maximum available space through the driver's door and must do this as short a route as possible.
  • the detection of the movement pattern and the determination of the position information of the person can be determined solely on the basis of the radar data of the radar sensors 2.
  • embodiments are also conceivable in which further sensors of the motor vehicle 1 support this determination, in particular in a plausibilizing manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

Method for operating a driver assistance system (13) of a motor vehicle (1) having a function for positioning the previously parked motor vehicle (1) relative to a person (16), wherein a target position (20) of the motor vehicle (1) which permits the person (16) to enter and a trajectory (19) leading to the target position (20) are determined as a function of position information of the person (16) relative to the motor vehicle (1), and the motor vehicle (1) is automatically moved along the trajectory (19) into the target position (20), wherein after the detection of at least one previously determined movement pattern of the person (16) in radar data of at least one radar sensor (2) of the motor vehicle (1) the function is activated and the position information is determined, in particular exclusively, from radar data of the person (16) implementing the movement pattern.

Description

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrerassistenzsystems eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Kraftfahrzeug  Method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrerassistenzsystems eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einer Funktion zum Positionieren des zuvor abgestellten Kraftfahrzeugs relativ zu einer Person, wobei in Abhängigkeit einer Positionsinformation der Person relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug eine Zielpose des Kraftfahrzeugs, die ein Einsteigen der Person erlaubt, sowie eine zu der Zielpose führende Trajektorie ermittelt werden und das Kraftfahrzeug automatisch entlang der Trajektorie in die Zielpose verfahren wird. Daneben betrifft die Erfindung ein Kraftfahrzeug. The invention relates to a method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle having a function for positioning the previously parked motor vehicle relative to a person, wherein depending on a position information of the person relative to the motor vehicle a Zielpose the motor vehicle, which allows a boarding of the person, and a to the Zielpose leading trajectory are determined and the motor vehicle is automatically moved along the trajectory in the Zielpose. In addition, the invention relates to a motor vehicle.
Für moderne Kraftfahrzeuge wurde bereits eine Vielzahl von Fahrerassistenzsystemen vorgeschlagen, welche Eingangsdaten, die die Fahrsituation beschreiben, auswerten und bei Eintritt wenigstens eines Maßnahmenkriteriums wenigstens eine Maßnahme zur Unterstützung des Fahrers durchführen. Insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf das Ein- und Ausparken wurden Fahrerassistenzsysteme beschrieben, beispielsweise sogenannte Parkassistenten. So sind beispielsweise Einparkhilfen bekannt, die basierend auf Daten von Ultraschallsensoren Hinweise geben, in welcher Richtung vom Kraftfahrzeug aus sich Hindernisse befinden. Auch automatische Einpark- und Ausparkhilfen wurden bereits vorgeschlagen. For modern motor vehicles, a large number of driver assistance systems have already been proposed, which evaluate input data that describe the driving situation and, if at least one action criterion occurs, carry out at least one measure to assist the driver. Driver assistance systems, for example so-called parking assistants, have also been described in particular with regard to parking and parking. For example, parking aids are known, which provide information based on data from ultrasonic sensors, in which direction from the motor vehicle obstacles are. Also automatic parking and Ausparkhilfen have already been proposed.
Viele dieser auf das Parken bezogenen Fahrerassistenzsysteme basieren auf einer Ultraschallsensorik. Ein Problem der Ultraschall-Technologie ist, dass keine gute Performance bei der Erfassung von statischen und dynamischen Hindernissen in größeren Reichweiten gegeben ist, so dass die Erweiterung der Parkfunktionen mit weiteren Szenarien, z. B. Erfassung von dynamischen Zielen in größerer Reichweite, durch die Leistungsfähigkeit der Ultraschallsensoren sehr stark begrenzt ist. Insbesondere können autonome Parkfunktionen nicht in vollem Umfang mit Ultraschallsensoren umgesetzt werden. Many of these parking-related driver assistance systems are based on ultrasonic sensors. A problem of the ultrasound technology is that there is no good performance in detecting static and dynamic obstacles in larger ranges, so that the extension of the parking functions with other scenarios, such. B. Detecting dynamic targets within a long range, is very limited by the performance of the ultrasonic sensors. In particular, autonomous Parking functions are not fully implemented with ultrasonic sensors.
Eine klassische Problemstellung bei Fahrerassistenzsystemen, die sich mit dem Ausparken bzw. einem sonstigen kurzzeitigen Bewegen zuvor abgestellter Kraftfahrzeuge durch entsprechende Fahreingriffe beschäftigen, ist, das Kraftfahrzeug so zu einer es anfordernden Person zu bewegen, dass diese möglichst einfach in das Kraftfahrzeug einsteigen kann. Ist beispielsweise das Kraftfahrzeug sehr eng eingeparkt, kann es durch einen Ausparkvorgang zum Fahrer als Person vollständig automatisch hinbewegt werden, beispielsweise an eine Stelle mit deutlich mehr Raum, an der sich die Tür des Kraftfahrzeugs problemlos öffnen lässt und somit auch ein Einsteigen leichter ermöglicht wird. A classic problem in driver assistance systems that deal with the Ausparken or other short-term moving previously parked vehicles by appropriate driving interventions, is to move the vehicle to a person requesting it, that they can get into the vehicle as easily as possible. If, for example, the motor vehicle is parked very tightly, it can be moved completely automatically by a parking operation to the driver as a person, for example, to a location with significantly more space at which the door of the motor vehicle can be opened easily and thus getting in easier.
DE 10 2009 051 463 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Durchführen eines Ausparkvorgangs eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei dem eine externe Steuerungsvorrichtung verwendet wird, die zur Kommunikation mit einer kraftfahrzeug- seitigen Steuerungseinrichtung ausgebildet ist. Im Rahmen der Kommunikation werden die übertragenen Signale zur Ermittlung einer Ortsinformation über den Aufenthaltsort des Fahrers und/oder einen vom Fahrer vorgegebenen Zielort ausgewertet, wonach ein Ausparkvorgang unter Berücksichtigung der Ortsinformation durchführbar ist. Hierbei kann beispielsweise durch Verwendung eines GPS-Sensors eine absolute Position des Fahrers übertragen werden, wobei es möglich ist, durch Nutzung von Umfeldsensoren des Kraftfahrzeugs die Position des Fahrers noch genauer zu bestimmen. DE 10 2009 051 463 A1 describes a method for performing a parking operation of a motor vehicle, in which an external control device is used, which is designed for communication with a motor vehicle-side control device. As part of the communication, the transmitted signals are evaluated to determine location information about the driver's location and / or a destination specified by the driver, after which a Ausparkvorgang is feasible taking into account the location information. In this case, for example, by using a GPS sensor, an absolute position of the driver can be transmitted, it being possible to determine the position of the driver even more accurately by using environment sensors of the motor vehicle.
Dabei treten jedoch einige Probleme auf. Zum einen ist die Ortung durch GPS-Empfänger abhängig von der Abdeckung durch Satelliten und von der Infrastruktur. Ist kein GPS-Empfang gegeben, kann auch die Ortsinformation nicht bestimmt und kommuniziert werden, beispielsweise innerhalb eines Parkhauses. Zudem ist die Genauigkeit solcher Positionsbestimmungen eingeschränkt. Betrachtet man die Verwendung zusätzlicher Sensorik, die im Kraftfahrzeug selbst vorgesehen ist, ist ebenso eine verlässliche Bestim- mung einer Positionsinfornnation zu einer Person kaum möglich, da die Erkennung der Person nur unter höchstem Aufwand möglich ist. However, there are some problems. On the one hand, positioning by GPS receivers is dependent on coverage by satellites and the infrastructure. If no GPS reception is given, the location information can not be determined and communicated, for example within a parking garage. In addition, the accuracy of such position determinations is limited. If one considers the use of additional sensors, which is provided in the motor vehicle itself, a reliable determination is also mung position information to a person hardly possible because the recognition of the person is possible only with the highest effort.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur verlässlichen und aufwandsarmen Ermittlung einer Positionsinformation einer Person bei der automatischen Positionierung eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere beim Ausparken, zu ermöglichen. The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for reliable and low-cost determination of a position information of a person in the automatic positioning of a motor vehicle, especially when Ausparken.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass die Funktion nach Detektion wenigstens eines vorbestimmten Bewegungsmusters der Person in Radardaten wenigstens eines Radarsensors des Kraftfahrzeugs aktiviert wird und die Positionsinformation, insbesondere ausschließlich, aus Radardaten der das Bewegungsmuster ausführenden Person ermittelt wird. To solve this problem, the invention proposes that the function is activated after detection of at least one predetermined movement pattern of the person in radar data of at least one radar sensor of the motor vehicle and determines the position information, in particular exclusively, from radar data of the person performing the movement pattern becomes.
Erfindungsgemäß wird mithin vorgeschlagen, dass die Person, die die Funktion anfordert, insbesondere also der Fahrer, durch ein Bewegungsmuster, beispielsweise eine Geste, die Funktion für Radarsensoren des Kraftfahrzeugs erkennbar anwählt. Nachdem im Kraftfahrzeug jedoch bekannt ist, von welchem durch die Radarsensoren detektierten Objekt das Bewegungsmuster ausging, ist mit der Aktivierung der Funktion auch unmittelbar bekannt, welches Objekt der Person entspricht, so dass die Radardaten genutzt werden können, um eine äußerst genaue, verlässliche Positionsinformation für die Person, insbesondere den Fahrer, herzuleiten. Ist aber die hochgenaue, verlässliche Positionsinformation erst bekannt, lässt sich eine geeignete, das Einsteigen des Fahrers erlaubende Zielpose, umfassend eine Zielposition und eine Zielorientierung, genauso ermitteln wie eine Trajektorie, die das Kraftfahrzeugs von der aktuellen Abstellposition, insbesondere Parkposition, in die Zielpose überführt. Dabei werden bei der Trajektorienberechnung selbstverständlich auch andere, insbesondere ebenso über die Radarsensoren detektierte dynamische und/oder statische Objekte, allgemein Hindernisse, berücksichtigt, wie dies im Stand der Technik grundsätzlich bekannt ist. Durch Auswertung der Radardaten des wenigstens einen Radarsensors wird also das Bewegungsmuster genauso erkannt wie die Quelle des Bewe- gungsmusters, so dass sich die Position der Person bestimmen lässt und anhand der Ego-Position des Kraftfahrzeugs relativ zu der Person eine optimale Trajektorie zur komfortablen Positionierung des Kraftfahrzeugs bzw. der Fahrertür relativ zur extern befindlichen Person unter Betrachtung der Hindernisse im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs berechnet werden kann, wobei sich die komfortable Positionierung durch die Zielpose bestimmt. Die Person kann dann anschließend komfortabel insbesondere die Fahrertür öffnen und einsteigen. According to the invention, it is therefore proposed that the person requesting the function, in particular the driver, by a movement pattern, for example a gesture, selects the function for radar sensors of the motor vehicle recognizably. However, since it is known in the motor vehicle from which object detected by the radar sensors the movement pattern originated, the activation of the function also directly knows which object corresponds to the person so that the radar data can be used to provide extremely accurate, reliable position information derive the person, especially the driver. However, if the highly accurate, reliable position information is first known, it is possible to determine a suitable target pose that allows the driver to board, comprising a target position and a target orientation, as well as a trajectory that transfers the motor vehicle from the current parking position, in particular park position, to the target pose , In the trajectory calculation, of course, other dynamic and / or static objects, in particular also detected via the radar sensors, in general obstacles, are taken into account, as is basically known in the prior art. By evaluating the radar data of the at least one radar sensor, the movement pattern is thus recognized as well as the source of the movement pattern, so that the position of the person can be determined and based on the ego position of the motor vehicle relative to the person an optimal trajectory for comfortable positioning of the person Motor vehicle or the driver's door relative to the external person under consideration of the obstacles in the environment of the motor vehicle can be calculated, with the comfortable positioning determined by the Zielpose. The person can then then comfortably open in particular the driver's door and get in.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird mit besonderem Vorteil ausgenutzt, dass inzwischen Technologien existieren, mit denen kleinbauende, hochauflösende Radarsensoren auf Halbleiterbasis geschaffen werden können, die in Kraftfahrzeugen hervorragend auch im Nahbereich eingesetzt werden können, um möglichst genaue Informationen über statische und dynamische Objekte im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs zu ermitteln und mithin auch geeignet sind, um Bewegungsmuster in den Radardaten zu detektieren und hochgenaue Positionsinformationen der Person, die das Bewegungsmuster durchführt, zu ermitteln. In the present invention is exploited with particular advantage that meanwhile technologies exist with which small-sized, high-resolution radar sensors can be created on a semiconductor basis, which can be used excellently in motor vehicles at close range to the most accurate information about static and dynamic objects in the environment of the motor vehicle and thus are also suitable for detecting movement patterns in the radar data and for determining highly accurate position information of the person performing the movement pattern.
Die Realisierung von Radarkomponenten auf Halbleiterbasis erwies sich lange Zeit als schwierig, da teure Spezialhalbleiter, insbesondere GaAs, benötigt wurden. Es wurden kleinere Radarsensoren vorgeschlagen, deren gesamtes Radar-Frontend auf einem einzigen Chip in SiGe-Technologie realisiert ist, ehe auch Lösungen in der CMOS-Technologie bekannt wurden. Solche Lösungen sind Ergebnis der Erweiterung der CMOS-Technologie auf Hochfrequenzanwendungen, was oft auch als RF-CMOS bezeichnet wird. Ein solcher CMOS-Radarchip ist äußerst kleinbauend realisiert und nutzt keine teuren Spezialhalbleiter, bietet also vor allem in der Herstellung deutliche Vorteile gegenüber anderen Halbleitertechnologien. Eine beispielhafte Realisierung eines 77 GHz-Radar-Transceivers als ein CMOS-Chip ist in dem Artikel von J Lee et al., „A Fully Integrated 77-GHz FMCW Radar Transceiver in 65-nm CMOS Technology", IEEE Journal of Solid State Cir- cuits 45 (2010), S. 2746-2755, beschrieben. The realization of semiconductor-based radar components has long proved difficult, as expensive specialty semiconductors, particularly GaAs, have been required. Smaller radar sensors have been proposed, whose entire radar frontend is realized on a single chip in SiGe technology before solutions in CMOS technology became known. Such solutions are the result of extending CMOS technology to high frequency applications, often referred to as RF CMOS. Such a CMOS radar chip is realized extremely compact and does not use expensive special semiconductors, thus offers significant advantages over other semiconductor technologies, especially in the production. An exemplary realization of a 77 GHz radar transceiver as a CMOS chip is described in the article by J Lee et al., "A Fully Integrated 77 GHz FMCW Radar Transceiver in 65 nm CMOS Technology ", IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits 45 (2010), pp. 2746-2755.
Nachdem zudem vorgeschlagen wurde, den Chip und die Antenne in einem gemeinsamen Package zu realisieren, ist ein äußerst kostengünstiger kleiner Radarsensor möglich, der Bauraumanforderungen deutlich besser erfüllen kann und aufgrund der kurzen Signalwege auch ein sehr niedriges Signal- Zu-Rausch-Verhältnis aufweist sowie für hohe Frequenzen und größere, variable Frequenzbandbreiten geeignet ist. Daher lassen sich derartige, kleinbauende Radarsensoren auch für Kurzreichweiten-Anwendungen, beispielsweise im Bereich von 30 cm bis 10 m, einsetzen. After it has also been proposed to realize the chip and the antenna in a common package, a very low cost small radar sensor is possible, which can meet the space requirements significantly better and due to the short signal paths also has a very low signal-to-noise ratio and for high frequencies and larger, variable frequency bandwidths is suitable. Therefore, such small-sized radar sensors can also be used for short-range applications, for example in the range of 30 cm to 10 m.
Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, einen solchen CMOS-Transceiver- Chip und/oder ein Package mit CMOS-Transceiver-Chip und Antenne auf einer gemeinsamen Leiterplatte mit einem digitalen Signalverarbeitungsprozessor (DSP-Prozessor) vorzusehen oder die Funktionen des Signalverarbeitungsprozessors ebenso in den CMOS-Transceiver-Chip zu integrieren. Eine ähnliche Integration ist für Steuerungsfunktionen möglich. It has also been proposed to provide such a CMOS transceiver chip and / or a package with CMOS transceiver chip and antenna on a common circuit board with a digital signal processing processor (DSP processor) or the functions of the signal processing processor in the CMOS Integrate transceiver chip. Similar integration is possible for control functions.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung sieht mithin vor, dass als Radarsensor ein Radarsensor mit einem wenigstens einen Radartransceiver realisierenden Halbleiterchip, insbesondere einem CMOS-Chip, verwendet wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist es hierbei, wenn durch den Halbleiterchip auch eine Steuereinheit des Radarsensors und/oder eine digitale Signalverarbeitungskomponente des Radarsensors realisiert werden und/oder der Halbleiterchip und eine Antennenanordnung des Radarsensors als ein Package realisiert sind. Auf diese Weise lässt sich nicht nur ein äußerst kleinbauender Radarsensor realisieren, der ein hohes Signal- zu-Rausch-Verhältnis aufgrund kurzer Signalwege aufweist, sondern es kann auch mit Betriebsparametern gearbeitet werden, die eine hochgenaue Umfelderfassung, insbesondere auch im Nahbereich, erlauben. A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention therefore provides that a radar sensor with a semiconductor chip that realizes at least one radar transceiver, in particular a CMOS chip, is used as the radar sensor. It is particularly preferred here if a control unit of the radar sensor and / or a digital signal processing component of the radar sensor are realized by the semiconductor chip and / or the semiconductor chip and an antenna arrangement of the radar sensor are realized as a package. In this way, not only an extremely small-scale radar sensor can be realized, which has a high signal-to-noise ratio due to short signal paths, but it can also be used with operating parameters that allow a highly accurate environment detection, especially in the vicinity.
In diesem Kontext ist es besonders zweckmäßig, wenn der Radarsensor mit einer Frequenzbandbreite von mehr als 2 GHz, insbesondere von 4 GHz, und/oder in einem Frequenzband von 77 bis 81 GHz betrieben wird. Hohe Frequenzbandbreiten, insbesondere Frequenzbandbreiten von 4 GHz, erlauben eine hervorragende Objektrennfähigkeit und somit eine verbesserte Erkennung von Bewegungsmustern sowie eine genauere Bestimmung von Positionsinformationen zu einer die Bewegungsmuster durchführenden Person. In this context, it is particularly expedient if the radar sensor with a frequency bandwidth of more than 2 GHz, in particular 4 GHz, and / or operating in a frequency band of 77 to 81 GHz. High frequency bandwidths, in particular frequency bandwidths of 4 GHz, allow for excellent object identifiability and thus improved recognition of motion patterns as well as a more accurate determination of position information on a person performing the movement patterns.
Vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn mehrere Radarsensoren verwendet werden, deren Erfassungsbereiche das Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs in einem 360°- Radius abdecken. Beispielsweise können acht Radarsensoren verwendet werden, die verdeckt im Kraftfahrzeug verbaut sind, von denen beispielsweise drei im vorderen Stoßfänger, drei im hinteren Stoßfänger und zwei seitlich, insbesondere in den Türen, angeordnet sind. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei diesen Radarsensoren um Weitwinkel-Radarsensoren, die einen Öffnungswinkel im Azimut von mehr als 140°, insbesondere mehr als 150°, aufweisen. Überlappungsbereiche zwischen den Erfassungsbereichen der Radarsensoren können genutzt werden, um Radardaten gegeneinander zu plausibilisieren. Durch die Erfassung des gesamten Umfelds rund um das Kraftfahrzeug kann die Person bzw. das Bewegungsmuster unabhängig von der Richtung, in der sie sich vom Kraftfahrzeug aus gesehen befindet, detek- tiert werden. It is also advantageous if a plurality of radar sensors are used whose coverage areas cover the surroundings of the motor vehicle in a 360 ° radius. For example, eight radar sensors can be used, which are concealed in the motor vehicle are installed, of which, for example, three in the front bumper, three in the rear bumper and two laterally, especially in the doors, are arranged. These radar sensors are preferably wide-angle radar sensors which have an opening angle in the azimuth of more than 140 °, in particular more than 150 °. Overlap areas between the detection areas of the radar sensors can be used to plausibilize radar data against each other. By detecting the entire environment around the motor vehicle, the person or the movement pattern can be detected independently of the direction in which it is viewed from the motor vehicle.
Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, ist das Bewegungsmuster bevorzugt eine insbesondere mit den Armen auszuführende Geste. Hierbei werden bevorzugt Gesten verwendet, die eindeutig als Anweisung an das Fahrerassistenzsystem zu verstehen sind, mithin nur mit einer geringen Wahrscheinlichkeit versehentlich entstehen können. Beispielsweise kann in diesem Kontext vorgesehen werden, dass das Bewegungsmuster mit mehr als einer Gliedmaße auszuführen ist. Auf diese Weise lassen sich eindeutige, gut identifizierbare Bewegungsmuster, insbesondere Gesten, realisieren, die von dem Kraftfahrzeug erkannt werden können und im natürlichen Bewegungsablauf einer Person nur sehr unwahrscheinlich vorkommen. As already mentioned, the movement pattern is preferably a gesture to be carried out in particular with the arms. In this case, gestures are preferably used which are to be understood unambiguously as an instruction to the driver assistance system, and consequently can only accidentally arise with a low probability. For example, it may be provided in this context that the movement pattern is to be performed with more than one limb. In this way, it is possible to realize clear, easily identifiable movement patterns, in particular gestures, which can be recognized by the motor vehicle and are very unlikely to occur in a person's natural course of motion.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Überwachung auf das Vorliegen des Bewegungsmusters im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs nur bei entriegeltem und/oder eingeschaltetem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere nach Entriegeln des Kraftfahrzeugs mittels eines Fernbedienelements, erfolgt. Mithin muss keine ständige Überwachung des Umfelds des Kraftfahrzeugs auf Personen, die das Bewegungsmuster ausführen, erfolgen, sondern die Bewegungsmustererkennung wird in einen unmittelbaren Kontext mit dem Herannahen einer berechtigten Person, die das Kraftfahrzeug entriegeln und/oder einschalten kann, gesetzt. Solange das Kraftfahrzeug durch ein Fernbedienelement, beispielsweise einen Schlüssel, entriegelt ist, wird auch versucht, zu erkennen, ob eine Person das Bewegungsmuster ausführt, wobei in Reaktion der Ausparkvorgang vorgenommen wird. Die Funktion zum geeigneten Positionieren des Kraftfahrzeugs wird also immer nur im Kontext mit der Entriegelung/Aktivierung des Kraftfahrzeugs durchgeführt, so dass es nicht zu versehentlichem und/oder durch falsche Personen ausgelösten Positionierungsmanövern kommen kann. Die Dauer der Überwachung wird dabei zweckmäßig begrenzt, beispielsweise durch das Detektieren einer Person im Fahrersitz und/oder bis zum Einschalten der Zündung und/oder bis zum erneuten Verriegeln. A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the monitoring of the presence of the movement pattern in Environment of the motor vehicle only when unlocked and / or switched on the motor vehicle, in particular after unlocking the motor vehicle by means of a remote control element occurs. Thus, there is no need to constantly monitor the environment of the motor vehicle for persons performing the movement pattern, but the movement pattern recognition is set in an immediate context with the approach of an authorized person who can unlock and / or switch on the motor vehicle. As long as the motor vehicle is unlocked by a remote control element, for example a key, an attempt is also made to detect whether a person is executing the movement pattern, in which case the parking operation is carried out. The function for suitably positioning the motor vehicle is thus always carried out only in the context of the unlocking / activation of the motor vehicle, so that it can not lead to accidental and / or caused by wrong people positioning maneuvers. The duration of the monitoring is expediently limited, for example, by detecting a person in the driver's seat and / or until the ignition is switched on and / or until it is re-interlocked.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist es ferner, wenn die Aktivierung der Funktion durch ein Hinweissignal angezeigt wird, insbesondere ein optisches und/oder akustisches Hinweissignal. Beispielsweise kann eine eindeutige Tonfolge durch das Kraftfahrzeug ausgegeben werden, die der Person anzeigt, dass das Bewegungsmuster verstanden wurde und die Funktion aktiviert ist, mithin das vollautomatische Positionieren des Kraftfahrzeugs beginnt. Eine zusätzliche oder alternative Möglichkeit zur Benachrichtigung der Person ist ein optisches Hinweissignal, beispielsweise ein kurzes Betätigen der Warnblinkanlage und/oder einer sonstigen Beleuchtungseinrichtung des Kraftfahrzeugs. Somit ist die Person vorteilhafterweise über den Erfolg ihrer Bedienhandlung informiert. It is also particularly expedient if the activation of the function is indicated by an indication signal, in particular an optical and / or acoustic indication signal. For example, a unique sequence of tones can be output by the motor vehicle, which indicates to the person that the movement pattern has been understood and the function is activated, thus initiating the fully automatic positioning of the motor vehicle. An additional or alternative possibility for notifying the person is an optical indication signal, for example a brief actuation of the hazard warning system and / or another illumination device of the motor vehicle. Thus, the person is advantageously informed about the success of their operating action.
Vorzugsweise kann die Zielpose in einem Optimierungsverfahren derart bestimmt werden, dass die Person unter Zurücklegung eines minimalen Weges unter Ausnutzung eines maximal verfügbaren Raums einsteigen kann. Hierzu wird mit besonderem Vorteil eine Umfeldkarte genutzt, die auch auf den Radarsensoren basiert, jedoch auch weitere Umfelddaten weiterer Umfeld- sensoren des Kraftfahrzeugs berücksichtigen kann und/oder auf einer vorliegendem digitalem Kartenmaterial basieren kann. Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, eine Auswahl möglicher Zielposen relativ zur Position der Person vorzugeben, von denen eine mögliche, beispielsweise anhand der Umfeldkarte, ausgewählt wird. Im Stand der Technik bereits bekannte Möglichkeiten zur Ermittlung einer optimalen Zielposition und -Orientierung können auch im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eingesetzt werden. Preferably, the target pose can be determined in an optimization method such that the person can enter while taking a minimum distance by making use of a maximum available space. For this purpose, an environment map is used with particular advantage, which also on the Radar sensors based, but also other environmental data of other environment sensors of the motor vehicle can take into account and / or can be based on a present digital map material. However, it is also conceivable to specify a selection of possible target poses relative to the position of the person, of which one possible, for example, on the basis of the environment map, is selected. In the prior art already known ways to determine an optimal target position and orientation can also be used in the context of the present invention.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Zielpose und die Trajektorie zur Einhaltung eines Mindestabstands zu der Person bestimmt werden. Das bedeutet, bei der Ermittlung der Zielpose und der Trajektorie wird als Randbedingung ein Mindestabstand zu der Person herangezogen, um eine größtmögliche Sicherheit der Person zu ermöglichen. Selbstverständlich wird ein solcher Mindestabstand zweckmäßig auch zu anderen Personen, so solche, insbesondere auch durch den Radarsensor, detektiert wurden, eingehalten. Auf diese Weise ist ein äußerst sicherer Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs in der Funktion zum Positionieren gegeben. It is particularly preferred if the target pose and the trajectory are determined to maintain a minimum distance to the person. This means that when determining the target pose and the trajectory, a minimum distance to the person is used as a boundary condition in order to ensure the greatest possible safety of the person. Of course, such a minimum distance is expediently also observed to other persons, such as those, in particular by the radar sensor, observed. In this way, a very safe operation of the motor vehicle is given in the function for positioning.
Neben dem Verfahren betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Kraftfahrzeug, aufweisend wenigstens einen Radarsensor und ein zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgebildetes Steuergerät. Sämtliche Ausführungen bezüglich des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lassen sich analog auf das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug übertragen, so dass auch mit diesem die genannten Vorteile erhalten werden können. In addition to the method, the invention also relates to a motor vehicle, comprising at least one radar sensor and a control device designed for carrying out the method according to the invention. All statements relating to the method according to the invention can be analogously applied to the motor vehicle according to the invention, so that the advantages mentioned can also be obtained therewith.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigen: Further advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and with reference to the drawings. Showing:
Fig. 1 eine Prinzipskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs, 1 is a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle according to the invention,
Fig. 2 einen im Kraftfahrzeug gemäß Fig. 1 verwendeten Radarsensor, Fig. 3 eine erste Situation zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßenFIG. 2 shows a radar sensor used in the motor vehicle according to FIG. 1, FIG. Fig. 3 is a first situation for explaining the invention
Verfahrens, process
Fig. 4 eine zweite Situation zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 4 shows a second situation for explaining the invention
Verfahrens,  process
Fig. 5 eine dritte Situation zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 5 is a third situation for explaining the invention
Verfahrens und  Procedure and
Fig. 6 eine vierte Situation zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 6 shows a fourth situation for explaining the invention
Verfahrens.  Process.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs 1 . Dieses weist acht Radarsensoren 2 auf, von denen drei im hinteren Stoßfänger, drei im vorderen Stoßfänger und zwei in den Türen des Kraftfahrzeugs verbaut sind. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention. This has eight radar sensors 2, of which three are installed in the rear bumper, three in the front bumper and two in the doors of the motor vehicle.
Nachdem es sich um Weitwinkel-Radarsensoren 2 handelt, wie die angedeuteten Erfassungsbereiche 3 anzeigen, ist eine Erfassung des Umfelds des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 in einen 360°-Radius möglich. After it is a wide-angle radar sensors 2, as indicated by the indicated detection areas 3, a detection of the environment of the motor vehicle 1 in a 360 ° radius is possible.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Aufbau des verwendeten Radarsensors 2 genauer. Dieser ist in Halbleitertechnologie, hier konkret CMOS-Technologie, realisiert und wird in einem Frequenzband von 77 bis 81 GHz mit einer Frequenzbandbreite von 4 GHz betrieben, um hochauflösende Radardaten zu liefern. Der Radarsensor 2 weist ein Gehäuse 4 auf, in dem eine Leiterplatte 5 gehaltert ist, die ein Package 6 trägt, das aus einem Halbleiterchip 7 sowie einer Antennenanordnung 8 des Radarsensors 2 gebildet ist. Durch den Halbleiterchip 7, hier einen CMOS-Chip, sind neben einem Radartransceiver 9 auch eine Steuereinheit 10 des Radarsensors 2 und eine digitale Signalverarbeitungskomponente 1 1 (DSP) des Radarsensors 2 realisiert. Bei aktivierten Radarsensoren 2 werden die Radardaten der Radarsensoren 2, vgl. Fig. 1 , an ein zentrales Steuergerät 12 des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 geliefert, welches auch zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgebildet ist, mithin einem Fahrerassistenzsystem 13 mit einer Funktion zum Positionieren des zuvor abgestellten Kraftfahrzeugs 1 relativ zu einer Person zugeordnet ist. Seitens des Steuergeräts 12 werden die Radardaten mithin zumindest in manchen Betriebszuständen, vorliegend bei entriegeltem Kraftfahrzeug, jedoch noch nicht eingeschaltetem Kraftfahrzeug (Zündung aus), ausgewertet, um zu überwachen, ob im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs eine Person ein vorbestimmtes Bewegungsmuster ausführt. Nachdem die Radardaten der Radarsensoren 2 hochauflösend sind, ist die Erkennung einzelner Gliedmaßen von Personen problemlos möglich, mithin auch eine Detektion von Bewegungsmustern. Wird das vorbestimmte Bewegungsmuster in einem Zeitraum, in dem das Kraftfahrzeug 1 entriegelt, aber die Zündung noch ausgeschaltet ist, festgestellt, gilt dies als Triggersignal für die Aktivierung der Funktion zur Positionierung des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 relativ zu einer Person. Die Positionsinformationen der Person, die hierfür notwendig sind, werden aus den Radardaten als die des detektierten Objekts, dass das Bewegungsmuster ausgeführt hat, ermittelt, woraufhin in einem Optimierungsverfahren eine Zielpose bestimmt wird, die ein möglichst komfortables Einsteigen der Person über die Fahrertür erlaubt. Bereits hierbei werden bevorzugt weitere im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs detektierte und/oder anderweitig bekannte Objekte/Hindernisse berücksichtigt. Diese Objekte/Hindernisse werden auch bei der nun folgenden Planung einer Trajektorie in Betracht gezogen, die das Kraftfahrzeug in die Zielpose überführen soll. Dabei wird als Randbedingung zu der Person, die das Bewegungsmuster ausgeführt hat, sowie zu anderen detektierten Personen im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 ein Sicherheitsabstand eingehalten. Fig. 2 shows the structure of the radar sensor 2 used in more detail. This is realized in semiconductor technology, here specifically CMOS technology, and is operated in a frequency band of 77 to 81 GHz with a frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz in order to deliver high-resolution radar data. The radar sensor 2 has a housing 4, in which a printed circuit board 5 is supported, which carries a package 6, which is formed from a semiconductor chip 7 and an antenna arrangement 8 of the radar sensor 2. By the semiconductor chip 7, here a CMOS chip, in addition to a radar transceiver 9, a control unit 10 of the radar sensor 2 and a digital signal processing component 1 1 (DSP) of the radar sensor 2 are realized. When radar sensors 2 are activated, the radar data of the radar sensors 2, cf. Fig. 1, to a central control unit 12 of the motor vehicle 1, which is also designed to carry out the method according to the invention, thus associated with a driver assistance system 13 with a function for positioning the previously parked motor vehicle 1 relative to a person. On the part of the control unit 12, the radar data are consequently evaluated at least in some operating states, in this case when the motor vehicle is unlocked, but not yet switched on (ignition off), in order to monitor whether a person is carrying out a predetermined movement pattern in the surroundings of the motor vehicle. After the radar data of the radar sensors 2 are high-resolution, the detection of individual limbs of people is easily possible, and thus a detection of movement patterns. If the predetermined movement pattern in a period in which the motor vehicle 1 is unlocked, but the ignition is still off, found, this is considered a trigger signal for the activation of the function for positioning the motor vehicle 1 relative to a person. The person's positional information necessary therefor is determined from the radar data as that of the detected object that carried out the movement pattern, whereupon an aiming pose is determined in an optimization procedure that allows the person to get in via the driver's door as comfortably as possible. Already in this case, further objects / obstacles detected in the surroundings of the motor vehicle and / or otherwise known are taken into account. These objects / obstacles are also taken into account in the subsequent planning of a trajectory which is intended to transfer the motor vehicle to the target pose. In this case, a safety margin is maintained as a boundary condition to the person who has carried out the movement pattern and to other persons detected in the environment of the motor vehicle 1.
Dies sei anhand der Fig. 3 bis 6 nun näher erläutert. This will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.
Fig. 3 zeigt das Kraftfahrzeug 1 geparkt, also abgestellt, in einem Parkhaus 14, hier konkret in einer engen Lücke zwischen zwei weiteren Kraftfahrzeugen 15. Eine Person 16, hier der Fahrer des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 , nutzt ein Fernbedienelement 17, hier einen Schlüssel, um das Kraftfahrzeug 1 zu entriegeln. Mit dieser Entriegelung werden auch die Radarsensoren 2 des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 aktiviert und ihre Radardaten werden im Steuergerät 12 dahingehend ausgewertet, ob das vorbestimmte Bewegungsmuster, hier eine Geste, in der Umgebung des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 detektiert wird. Fig. 3 shows the motor vehicle 1 parked, so parked, in a parking garage 14, specifically here in a narrow gap between two other vehicles 15. A person 16, here the driver of the motor vehicle 1, uses a Remote control element 17, here a key to unlock the motor vehicle 1. With this unlocking the radar sensors 2 of the motor vehicle 1 are activated and their radar data are evaluated in the control unit 12 to the effect whether the predetermined movement pattern, here a gesture, in the environment of the motor vehicle 1 is detected.
In der Situation der Fig. 4 führt die Person 16 mit ihren hier nur angedeuteten Armen 16a das vorbestimmte Bewegungsmuster durch, was im Steuergerät 12 erkannt wird. Die Funktionen zur automatischen Positionierung des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 relativ zu der Person 16 wird aktiviert, das bedeutet, es wird zum einen die sich aus den Radardaten ergebende Positionsinformation der Person 16 (die ja bereits identifiziert ist, da sie das Bewegungsmuster durchgeführt hat) als Grundlage für die Berechnung der Zielpose und der Trajektorie hergenommen, zum anderen aber wird die Aktivierung der Funktion auch quittiert, vorliegend akustisch sowie optisch durch ein kurzes Aufleuchten 18 der hier nur angedeuteten Warnblinkanlage des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 . In the situation of FIG. 4, the person 16 carries out the predetermined movement pattern with their arms 16a, which are only indicated here, which is detected in the control unit 12. The functions for the automatic positioning of the motor vehicle 1 relative to the person 16 is activated, that is, it is on the one hand resulting from the radar data position information of the person 16 (which is already identified, since it has performed the movement pattern) as the basis for the calculation of the Zielpose and the trajectory taken, but on the other hand, the activation of the function is also acknowledged, in this case acoustically and optically by a brief illumination 18 of the hazard warning system of the motor vehicle 1 only hinted here.
In der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Situation kurz darauf wurde die Trajektorie 19 bereits ermittelt und das Kraftfahrzeug 1 fährt diese Trajektorie ersichtlich ab, um zur hier nur angedeuteten Zielpose 20 zu gelangen. Dabei wird ein Mindestabstand von der Person 16 und gegebenenfalls detektierten weiteren Personen eingehalten. In the situation shown in Fig. 5 shortly thereafter, the trajectory 19 has already been determined and the motor vehicle 1 travels this trajectory apparent to get to the here indicated only target 20. In this case, a minimum distance from the person 16 and optionally detected other persons is maintained.
In der Situation der Fig. 6 hat das Kraftfahrzeug 1 schließlich die Zielpose 20 erreicht. Die Person 16 kann komfortabel mit maximalem zur Verfügung stehenden Freiraum durch die Fahrertür einsteigen und muss hierzu einen möglichst kurzen Weg zurücklegen. In the situation of FIG. 6, the motor vehicle 1 has finally reached the target pose 20. The person 16 can comfortably get in with maximum available space through the driver's door and must do this as short a route as possible.
Es sei an dieser Stelle angemerkt, dass die Erkennung des Bewegungsmusters sowie die Ermittlung der Positionsinformation der Person allein auf Grundlage der Radardaten der Radarsensoren 2 ermittelt werden kann. Es sind jedoch auch Ausführungsbeispiele denkbar, in denen weitere Sensoren des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 diese Ermittlung, insbesondere plausibilisierend, unterstützen. It should be noted at this point that the detection of the movement pattern and the determination of the position information of the person can be determined solely on the basis of the radar data of the radar sensors 2. However, embodiments are also conceivable in which further sensors of the motor vehicle 1 support this determination, in particular in a plausibilizing manner.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1 . Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrerassistenzsystems (13) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ) mit einer Funktion zum Positionieren des zuvor abgestellten Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ) relativ zu einer Person (16), wobei in Abhängigkeit einer Positionsinformation der Person (16) relativ zu dem Kraftfahrzeug (1 ) eine Zielpose (20) des Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ), die ein Einsteigen der Person (16) erlaubt, sowie eine zu der Zielpose (20) führende Trajektorie (19) ermittelt werden und das Kraftfahrzeug (1 ) automatisch entlang der Trajektorie (19) in die Zielpose (20) verfahren wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 1 . Method for operating a driver assistance system (13) of a motor vehicle (1) having a function for positioning the previously parked motor vehicle (1) relative to a person (16), wherein the person (16) relative to the motor vehicle (1) depends on position information a target pose (20) of the motor vehicle (1) that allows the person (16) to enter and a trajectory (19) leading to the target pose (20) and the motor vehicle (1) automatically along the trajectory (19) the target pose (20) is moved, characterized
dass die Funktion nach Detektion wenigstens eines vorbestimmten Bewegungsmusters der Person (16) in Radardaten wenigstens eines Radarsensors (2) des Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ) aktiviert wird und die Positionsinformation, insbesondere ausschließlich, aus Radardaten der das Bewegungsmuster ausführenden Person (16) ermittelt wird.  the function is activated after detection of at least one predetermined movement pattern of the person (16) in radar data of at least one radar sensor (2) of the motor vehicle (1) and the position information, in particular exclusively, is determined from radar data of the person (16) executing the movement pattern.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass als Radarsensor (2) ein Radarsensor (2) mit einem wenigstens einen Radartransceiver (9) realisierenden Halbleiterchip (7), insbesondere einem CMOS-Chip, verwendet wird.  in that a radar sensor (2) having a semiconductor chip (7), in particular a CMOS chip, which realizes at least one radar transceiver (9) is used as the radar sensor (2).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3. The method according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass durch den Halbleiterchip (7) auch eine Steuereinheit (10) des Radarsensors (2) und/oder eine digitale Signalverarbeitungskomponente (1 1 ) des Radarsensors (2) realisiert werden und/oder der Halbleiterchip (7) und eine Antennenanordnung (8) des Radarsensors (2) als ein Package (6) realisiert sind.  a control unit (10) of the radar sensor (2) and / or a digital signal processing component (11) of the radar sensor (2) are realized by the semiconductor chip (7) and / or the semiconductor chip (7) and an antenna arrangement (8) of the Radar sensor (2) are realized as a package (6).
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Radarsensor (2) mit einer Frequenzbandbreite von mehr als 2 GHz, insbesondere von 4 GHz, und/oder in einem Frequenzband von 77 bis 81 GHz betrieben wird. characterized, the radar sensor (2) is operated with a frequency bandwidth of more than 2 GHz, in particular of 4 GHz, and / or in a frequency band of 77 to 81 GHz.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass mehrere Radarsensoren (2) verwendet werden, deren Erfassungsbereiche (3) das Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ) in einem 360°- Radius abdecken. in that a plurality of radar sensors (2) are used whose coverage areas (3) cover the surroundings of the motor vehicle (1) in a 360 ° radius.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Bewegungsmuster eine insbesondere mit den Armen (16a) auszuführende Geste ist und/oder das Bewegungsmuster mehr als ein Bewegungssegment umfasst und/oder mit mehr als einer Gliedmaße auszuführen ist. in that the movement pattern is a gesture to be carried out in particular with the arms (16a) and / or the movement pattern comprises more than one movement segment and / or is to be executed with more than one limb.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Überwachung auf das Vorliegen des Bewegungsmusters im Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ) nur bei entriegeltem und/oder eingeschaltetem Kraftfahrzeug (1 ), insbesondere nach Entriegeln des Kraftfahrzeugs (1 ) mittels eines Fernbedienelements (17), erfolgt. the monitoring of the presence of the movement pattern in the surroundings of the motor vehicle (1) takes place only when the motor vehicle (1) is unlocked and / or switched on, in particular after unlocking the motor vehicle (1) by means of a remote control element (17).
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Aktivierung der Funktion durch ein Hinweissignal angezeigt wird, insbesondere ein optisches und/oder akustisches Hinweissignal. the activation of the function is indicated by an indication signal, in particular an optical and / or acoustic indication signal.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Zielpose (20) in einem Optimierungsverfahren derart bestimmt werden, dass die Person (16) unter Zurücklegung eines minimalen Weges unter Ausnutzung eines maximal verfügbaren Raums einstei- gen kann, und/oder die Zielpose (20) und die Trajektohe (19) zur Einhaltung eines Mlndestabstands zu der Person (16) bestimmt werden. in that the target pose (20) is determined in an optimization procedure in such a way that the person (16) sets in by taking a minimum distance while making use of a maximum available space. gene, and / or the Zielpose (20) and the Trajektohe (19) for maintaining a minimum distance to the person (16) can be determined.
Kraftfahrzeug (1 ), aufweisend wenigstens einen Radarsensor (2) und ein zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche ausgebildetes Steuergerät (12). Motor vehicle (1), comprising at least one radar sensor (2) and a control device (12) designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2017/052068 2016-02-02 2017-01-31 Method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle WO2017134060A1 (en)

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