WO2017133516A1

WO2017133516A1 - Layout and structure of light condensing reflectors of tower-mounted light condensing system and tracking method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2017133516A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/072037
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘阳; 李维
Original assignee: 北京兆阳光热技术有限公司
Priority date: 2016-02-04
Filing date: 2017-01-22
Publication date: 2017-08-10
Also published as: CN107037830A; MA43093A1; AU2017215575A1; MA43093B1

Abstract

A layout and structure of light condensing reflectors of a tower-mounted light condensing system and a tracking method therefor are provided. The layout and structure of the light condensing reflectors of the tower-mounted light condensing system comprise a rotating apparatus (1) horizontally arranged around a receiving apparatus (3) and multiple reflective members (2) arranged on the rotating apparatus (1). Driven by the rotating apparatus (1), the reflective members (2) rotate and move, within a horizontal plane, taking a vertical line running through a central point of the receiving apparatus (3) as an axis, so that the reflective members (2) all track according to the solar azimuth angle. The reflective members (2) comprise a rotary shaft (6) and a reflector (7) fixedly connected to the rotary shaft (6). The rotary shaft (6) is tilted so as to form fixed angles with respect to a horizontal plane and a vertical plane. The rotary shaft (6) drives the reflector (7) to rotate, so that the reflector (7) tracks the solar zenith angle, and reflects incident light from the Sun into a receiving range of the receiving apparatus (3). The invention can reduce the complexity of reflector tracking structures, improving reliability thereof and reducing costs.

Description

一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构及其跟踪方法Arrangement structure of concentrating mirror of tower concentrating system and tracking method thereof

本申请要求于2016年02月04日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610078501.0、发明名称为“一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构及其跟踪方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims priority to the Chinese Patent Application submitted to the China Patent Office on February 4, 2016, the application number is 201610078501.0, and the invention titled "Arrangement Structure and Tracking Method of Condenser Mirrors for a Tower Concentrating System" The entire contents are hereby incorporated by reference.

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及聚光反射镜的布置结构，具体涉及一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构及其跟踪方法。The invention relates to an arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror, in particular to an arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system and a tracking method thereof.

背景background

太阳能塔式聚光集热电站一般由定日镜、高塔、位于高塔上的接收装置、传热储热***及发电机等部分组成，由于其聚光倍数高、接收装置可获得较高的集热温度，因而被广泛的推广应用。The solar tower type concentrating heat collecting power station is generally composed of heliostats, high towers, receiving devices located on the high towers, heat transfer heat storage systems and generators, etc., because of its high concentration ratio and high receiving device. The collector temperature is thus widely used.

其中，定日镜的布置结构一般为在大面积的场地上装有多台定日镜，多台定日镜排布形成定日镜镜场，由于镜场中的各定日镜所处位置不同，并且太阳所处空间位置在高度角和方位角两个维度中各自移动变化，为保证每个定日镜同步跟踪太阳移动，每台定日镜都各自独立采用双轴跟踪***，即对每台定日镜都各自配有两个维度的跟踪机构，从而使得所有定日镜能够各自跟踪太阳的高度角和方位角转动，将阳光反射到塔顶的汇聚点即接收装置。Among them, the arrangement of the heliostats is generally equipped with a plurality of heliostats on a large-area field, and a plurality of heliostats are arranged to form a heliostat mirror field, because the positions of the heliostats in the mirror field are different. And the spatial position of the sun moves in two dimensions of height and azimuth. To ensure that each heliostat synchronously tracks the sun's movement, each heliostat independently uses a two-axis tracking system, ie for each Each of the heliostats is equipped with two dimensions of tracking mechanism, so that all heliostats can track the elevation and azimuth rotation of the sun, and reflect the sunlight to the convergence point of the tower, that is, the receiving device.

一般情况下，塔式定日镜的跟踪驱动机构由一套绕垂直轴旋转的驱动装置和一套绕水平轴旋转的驱动装置构成，由于各定日镜在镜场中的位置都不相同，所以每个定日镜的两轴驱动装置的旋转角度均有不同，并且每个定日镜的两个轴的旋转角度又与太阳的方位角和高度角都相关联，所以控制信号相当复杂，需要随时进行复杂计算并向成千上万的定日镜的两轴发出不同的驱动控制信号。另外，这些定日镜跟踪机构需要有很高的跟踪精度以保证定日镜聚光角度的精度，还需要有很强的结构强度以保证定日镜镜片在大风环境中保持形状和角度不变及不被破坏，该双重要求大大增加了跟踪机构的成本。In general, the tracking drive mechanism of the tower heliostat is composed of a set of driving devices rotating around a vertical axis and a set of driving devices rotating around a horizontal axis. Since the positions of the heliostats in the mirror field are different, Therefore, the rotation angles of the two-axis driving devices of each heliostat are different, and the rotation angles of the two axes of each heliostat are associated with the azimuth and elevation angles of the sun, so the control signal is quite complicated. Need to perform complex calculations at any time and set them to thousands The two axes of the daylight emit different drive control signals. In addition, these heliostat tracking mechanisms require high tracking accuracy to ensure the accuracy of the heliostat focusing angle, and also require strong structural strength to ensure that the heliostat lens maintains its shape and angle in a high wind environment. And not being destroyed, this double requirement greatly increases the cost of the tracking agency.

技术内容Technical content

本发明的目的在于提供一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其可大幅简化反射镜跟踪机构的复杂程度，提高其可靠性、降低成本。It is an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system, which can greatly simplify the complexity of the mirror tracking mechanism, improve its reliability, and reduce cost.

本发明的目的在于提供一种聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法，其可大幅简化反射镜跟踪机构的复杂程度，提高其可靠性、降低成本。It is an object of the present invention to provide a tracking method for a concentrating mirror of a concentrating system, which can greatly simplify the complexity of the mirror tracking mechanism, improve reliability, and reduce cost.

本发明提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其包括接收装置周围水平布置的旋转装置和该旋转装置上布置的多个反射构件；并且所述反射构件在所述旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所有所述反射构件统一跟踪太阳的方位角；所述反射构件包含一个转轴或者是绕虚轴转动的转盘(为简化描述，下文中转轴包含真实转轴或者虚轴)，和与所述转轴相固接的反射镜，所述转轴与水平面和竖直平面均呈固定角度倾斜布置；其中，所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，只需一维旋转即可使得所述反射镜跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置的接收范围内。An arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system provided by the present invention, comprising: a rotating device horizontally arranged around the receiving device; and a plurality of reflecting members arranged on the rotating device; and the reflecting member is at the rotating device Rotating in the horizontal plane with the vertical line of the center point of the receiving device as an axis, so that all the reflecting members uniformly track the azimuth of the sun; the reflecting member comprises a rotating shaft or a rotating wheel rotating around the virtual axis (In order to simplify the description, the rotating shaft hereinafter includes a real rotating shaft or an imaginary axis), and a mirror fixed to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is disposed at a fixed angle with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane; wherein the rotating shaft drives The mirror is rotated so that only one dimensional rotation is required to cause the mirror to track the solar elevation angle and reflect solar incident light into the receiving range of the receiving device.

进一步地，所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角α，所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角β，所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角δ以及所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角η；通过入射光线向量

经所述反射镜反射的反射光线向量

所述反射镜的镜面中心的坐标点O以及三个不同的太阳光线对应的高度角度计算确定。Further, an angle α between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis, an angle β between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis, an angle δ between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis, and the mirror An angle η between the normal and the axis of rotation of the shaft; passing the incident ray vector

Reflected ray vector reflected by the mirror

The coordinate point O of the mirror center of the mirror and the height angle corresponding to three different solar rays are calculated and determined.

进一步地，通过三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线的高度角度h₁、 h₂、h₃，确定对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜的法向量

对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜的法向量

和对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜的法向量

Further, the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₁ is determined by three different height angles h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ from the sun rays in the south direction.

The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₂

And the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₃

通过

及

确定所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量

并且通过所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量

确定所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角α，所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角为β，所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角为δ；by

and

Determining the vector of the axis of rotation of the shaft

And a vector passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft

Determining an angle α between the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis, the angle of rotation of the rotating shaft and the longitudinal axis is β, and the angle of rotation of the rotating shaft with the vertical axis is δ;

再通过所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量

和对应任意太阳光线的高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量

确定所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角η。a vector passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft

And the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h of any sun ray

An angle η between a normal line of the mirror and an axis of rotation of the rotating shaft is determined.

进一步地，所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角α的计算公式为，Further, the calculation formula of the angle α between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis is

所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角β的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle β between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis is

所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角δ的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle δ between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis is

所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角η的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle η between the normal line of the mirror and the rotation axis of the rotating shaft is

其中，A为对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜的法向量

模的倒数，B为对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜的法向量

的模的倒数，C为对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜的法向量

的模的倒数，K为对应任意高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量

的模的倒数，E为转轴的旋转轴线的向量

的模。Where A is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₁

The reciprocal of the modulus, B is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₂

The reciprocal of the modulus, C is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₃

The reciprocal of the modulus, K is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to an arbitrary height angle h

The reciprocal of the mode, E is the vector of the axis of rotation of the shaft

Mould.

进一步地，所述反射镜的镜面中心的坐标点O定义为，O(-H₀cotλsinb，-H₀cosλcosb，0)；Further, the coordinate point O of the mirror center of the mirror is defined as O(-H ₀ cotλsinb, -H ₀ cosλcosb, 0);

所述入射光线向量

的计算公式为，

The incident ray vector

The formula for calculating is

经所述反射镜反射的反射光线向量

的计算公式为，

Reflected ray vector reflected by the mirror

The formula for calculating is

所述对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜的法向量

的计算公式为，The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₁

The formula for calculating is

对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜的法向量

的计算公式为，The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₂

The formula for calculating is

对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜的法向量

的计算公式为，The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₃

The formula for calculating is

对应任意高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量

的计算公式为，Normal vector of the mirror corresponding to an arbitrary height angle h

The formula for calculating is

所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量

的计算公式为，Vector of the axis of rotation of the shaft

The formula for calculating is

其中，λ为所述反射镜的镜面中心点与所述反射镜在所述接收装置上形成的聚焦点的连线与水平面形成的角度，b为所述反射镜的镜面中心点与所述反射镜在所述接收装置上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向形成的角度，H₀为所述反射镜的镜面中心点与其在所述接收装置上形成的聚焦点的高度差，γ为太阳光线的方位角，h为任意太阳光线的高度角，h₁、h₂、h₃分别为三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线对应的高度角度。Where λ is the angle formed by the line center point of the mirror and the focal point of the mirror formed on the receiving device and the horizontal plane, b is the mirror center point of the mirror and the reflection An angle formed by a line connecting the projection point of the focus point formed on the receiving device on the horizontal plane with a true south direction, H ₀ being the mirror center point of the mirror and a focus point formed on the receiving device The height difference, γ is the azimuth of the sun's rays, h is the height angle of any solar ray, and h ₁ , h ₂ , and h ₃ are respectively three different height angles corresponding to the sun rays in the south direction.

进一步地，所述布置结构中的多个所述反射构件形成一个反射单元，所述反射单元在所述接收装置上形成一沿所述接收装置的高度方向延伸的线性光线。Further, a plurality of the reflective members in the arrangement form a reflection unit, and the reflection unit forms a linear ray extending in a height direction of the receiving device on the receiving device.

进一步地，所述反射单元中的多个所述转轴联动。Further, a plurality of the rotating shafts in the reflecting unit are linked.

进一步地，所述线性光线位于所述接收装置的接收范围内。Further, the linear light is located within a receiving range of the receiving device.

进一步地，在所述投影点由内至外的方向上形成至少一个环形布置区域，所述环形布置区域由多个所述反射单元绕所述投影点呈环形布置形成。Further, at least one annular arrangement area is formed in the direction from the inside to the outside of the projection point, the annular arrangement area being formed by a plurality of the reflection units being arranged in a ring shape around the projection point.

进一步地，所述环形布置区域为多个，并且多个所述环形布置区域在所述投影点由内至外的方向上呈间隔分布。Further, the annular arrangement area is plural, and a plurality of the annular arrangement areas are spaced apart in the direction from the inside to the outside of the projection point.

进一步地，多个所述反射单元在其所在的所述环形布置区域内呈均布。Further, a plurality of the reflecting units are uniformly distributed in the annular arrangement area in which they are located.

进一步地，所述旋转装置包括蓄水池和置于所述蓄水池中并漂浮覆盖在水面上的浮板，所述接收装置的中心点在水平面上的投影点位于所述蓄水池的中心处，所述浮板构造成在所述蓄水池内以所述接收装置的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心旋转移动的结构；所述反射构件布置在所述浮板上。Further, the rotating device includes a water storage tank and a floating plate placed in the water storage tank and floating on the water surface, and a projection point of a center point of the receiving device on a horizontal surface is located in the water storage tank Centered, the floating plate is configured to be rotationally moved within the reservoir at a projection point of a center point of the receiving device on a horizontal plane; the reflective member is disposed on the floating plate.

进一步地，所述蓄水池中还设置有换热管，所述换热管与汽轮机乏汽冷却管路连接。 Further, the water storage tank is further provided with a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is connected with the steam turbine steam cooling pipeline.

进一步地，所述旋转装置包括旋转板和以所述接收装置在水平面上的投影点为圆心布置的至少一条环形轨道，所述旋转板沿所述环形轨道以所述接收装置在水平面上的投影点为圆心旋转移动；所述反射构件布置在所述旋转板上。Further, the rotating device comprises a rotating plate and at least one annular track arranged at a center of a projection point of the receiving device on a horizontal plane, the rotating plate is projected along the circular track with the receiving device on a horizontal plane The point is a center of rotation movement; the reflection member is disposed on the rotating plate.

本发明提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法，基于上述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，所述塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法包括：根据太阳方位角度的变化实时调整所述旋转装置的旋转角度，使得所有反射构件统一旋转跟踪太阳方位角；根据太阳高度角度的变化调整所述转轴的旋转角度，通过所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，使得每个所述反射镜均跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置的接收范围内。The tracking method of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the present invention is based on the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system, and the tracking method of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system The method includes: adjusting a rotation angle of the rotating device in real time according to a change in azimuth angle of the sun, so that all the reflecting members uniformly rotate and track the sun azimuth; adjusting a rotation angle of the rotating shaft according to a change in a solar height angle, and driving the rotating shaft through the rotating shaft The mirrors are rotated such that each of the mirrors tracks the solar elevation angle and reflects solar incident light into the receiving range of the receiving device.

与现有技术相比，本发明提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，通过在接收装置周围水平布置旋转装置，并在该旋转装置上布置多个反射构件，所有反射构件在旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以接收装置的中心点的垂线为轴线(垂轴)旋转)，从而使得所有反射构件中的所有反射镜统一绕垂轴旋转，实时跟踪太阳方位角的变化，进而保证各反射镜、汇聚点及太阳方位角的相对关系不变。进一步地，可将各反射镜的聚光跟踪简化为太阳在固定方位角不变的情况下只发生高度角变化的一种单一变量跟踪(即各特定位置的反射镜在统一进行了绕垂轴旋转跟踪太阳方位角之后，其进一步的聚光跟踪角度只与太阳高度角的变化量有关，而不再与太阳方位角的变化有关)。因此，本发明所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构与传统的复杂结构有显著不同，其可以通过旋转装置带动所有反射镜统一绕垂轴旋转跟踪太阳方位角，并通过每个反射构件中的一个转轴(即为斜轴)分别带动相应转轴上的反射镜只进行一维旋转就能实时跟踪太阳高度角的变化，其中的绕垂轴旋转跟踪角度只与太阳方位角变化有关，斜轴旋转跟踪角度只与太阳高度角变化有关，其结构牢固可靠、控制简单，能大幅降低塔式聚光***的成本，提高其运行的可靠性。Compared with the prior art, the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the present invention, by arranging the rotating device horizontally around the receiving device, and arranging a plurality of reflecting members on the rotating device, all the reflecting members Rotating by the rotating device in the horizontal plane with the vertical line of the center point of the receiving device as the axis (vertical axis), so that all the mirrors in all the reflecting members rotate uniformly around the vertical axis, and track the change of the solar azimuth angle in real time. In turn, the relative relationship between the mirrors, the convergence point and the solar azimuth is unchanged. Further, the concentrating tracking of each mirror can be simplified to a single variable tracking in which only the height angle change occurs when the sun has a constant azimuth angle (that is, the mirrors at specific positions are uniformly wound around the vertical axis). After rotating the azimuth of the sun, its further concentrating tracking angle is only related to the amount of change in the solar elevation angle, and is no longer related to the change in the azimuth of the sun. Therefore, the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system of the present invention is significantly different from the conventional complicated structure, which can drive all the mirrors to rotate the tracking sun azimuth around the vertical axis by the rotating device, and pass One of the rotating shafts of each reflecting member (that is, the oblique axis) drives the mirror on the corresponding rotating shaft to perform only one-dimensional rotation to track the change of the solar height angle in real time, wherein the tracking angle of the vertical axis is only related to the azimuth of the sun. Related to the change, the oblique axis rotation tracking angle only changes with the sun height angle The structure is firm and reliable, and the control is simple, which can greatly reduce the cost of the tower concentrating system and improve the reliability of its operation.

在进一步的技术方案中，通过将反射单元中的多个转轴联动，保证了反射单元中的所有反射构件同步跟踪太阳转动。In a further technical solution, by interlocking the plurality of rotating shafts in the reflecting unit, it is ensured that all the reflecting members in the reflecting unit synchronously track the sun rotation.

在进一步的技术方案中，反射单元在接收装置上形成的沿接收装置的高度方向延伸的线性光线可位于接收装置的接收范围内，即该线性光线可完全被接收装置接收，避免线性光线延伸到接收装置之外造成的光照能量的损失。In a further technical solution, the linear light formed on the receiving device and extending along the height direction of the receiving device may be located within the receiving range of the receiving device, that is, the linear light may be completely received by the receiving device, preventing linear light from extending to Loss of illumination energy caused by the receiving device.

在进一步的技术方案中，通过将反射单元的布置结构设置为反射镜单元绕投影点呈环形布置，从而形成环形布置区域，使得反射单元的布置更加有序、规整，并能提高反射镜布置结构的整体聚光效果。In a further technical solution, the arrangement of the reflective unit is arranged such that the mirror unit is arranged in a ring shape around the projection point, thereby forming an annular arrangement area, so that the arrangement of the reflection unit is more orderly and regular, and the mirror arrangement structure can be improved. The overall spotlight effect.

在进一步的技术方案中，通过设置多个环形布置区域，且将该多个环形布置区域在投影点由内至外的方向上间隔分布，从而在相邻的两个环形区域之间预留通道，便于开展反射单元中的反射镜的日常清洗、维护等工作。In a further technical solution, a plurality of annular arrangement regions are disposed, and the plurality of annular arrangement regions are spaced apart from each other in an inner to outer direction of the projection point, thereby reserving a channel between the adjacent two annular regions. It is convenient to carry out daily cleaning and maintenance of the mirror in the reflection unit.

在进一步的技术方案中，通过将多个反射单元在其所在的环形布置区域内均布设置，从而简化反射镜单元的布置。In a further technical solution, the arrangement of the mirror units is simplified by arranging a plurality of reflecting units uniformly within the annular arrangement area in which they are located.

在进一步的技术方案中，通过采用蓄水池和置于蓄水池中的浮板作为旋转装置，可避免反射构件布置于地面上需要平整土地而造成的高额费用。In a further technical solution, by using the water reservoir and the floating plate placed in the water reservoir as a rotating device, it is possible to avoid the high cost caused by the fact that the reflecting member is disposed on the ground and the land needs to be leveled.

在进一步的技术方案中，通过在蓄水池中设置换热管，可利用蓄水池内部的相对低温的水冷却汽轮机乏汽。In a further technical solution, by providing a heat exchange tube in the reservoir, the relatively low temperature water inside the reservoir can be utilized to cool the turbine exhaust.

附图简要说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

在下文中将基于仅为非限定性的实施例并参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。其中： The invention will be described in more detail below on the basis of only non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. among them:

图1、2为本发明实施例一提供的塔式电站中的反射镜布置结构的结构示意图。1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a mirror arrangement structure in a tower power plant according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

图3为本发明实施例二提供的塔式电站中的反射镜布置结构的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a mirror arrangement structure in a tower power station according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

图4至6为本发明实施例三提供的塔式电站中的反射镜布置结构的结构示意图。4 to 6 are schematic structural views of a mirror arrangement structure in a tower power plant according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

图7为本发明实施例四提供的塔式电站中的反射镜布置结构的结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a mirror arrangement structure in a tower power station according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

附图说明：BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

1-旋转装置，2-反射构件，3-接收装置，4-蓄水池，5-浮板，6-转轴，7-反射镜，8-旋转轴线，9-法线21-第一反射单元，22-第二反射单元，23-第三反射单元，24-第四反射单元。1-rotating device, 2-reflecting member, 3-receiving device, 4-reservoir, 5-floating plate, 6-axis, 7-mirror, 8-turn axis, 9-normal 21-first reflecting unit 22-second reflection unit, 23-third reflection unit, 24-fourth reflection unit.

实施方式Implementation

为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

实施例一 Embodiment 1

如图1、2所示，本实施例提供的塔式电站中的反射镜布置结构，包括接收装置3周围水平布置的旋转装置1和由旋转装置1上布置的多个反射构件2；并且所述反射构件2在所述旋转装置1的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所述反射构件1 统一跟踪太阳的方位角；其中的反射构件2包括一个转轴6和与所述转轴6固接的反射镜7，所述转轴6与水平面和竖直平面均呈固定角度倾斜布置；其中，所述转轴6带动所述反射镜7旋转，使得所述反射镜7跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置3的接收范围内。如图2所示，其中的水平面为x轴和y轴形成的平面，其中的竖直平面为y轴与z轴形成的平面，入射光线b经反射镜7反射形成的反射光线c在接收装置3上形成聚光点，所有的反射镜7跟踪太阳高度角旋转时所反射的光线的汇聚点均位于接收装置3的接收范围内。As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the mirror arrangement structure in the tower power station provided by the embodiment includes a rotating device 1 horizontally arranged around the receiving device 3 and a plurality of reflecting members 2 arranged on the rotating device 1; The reflecting member 2 is rotationally moved in the horizontal plane with the vertical line of the center point of the receiving device 3 under the driving of the rotating device 1 so that the reflecting member 1 The azimuth of the sun is uniformly tracked; wherein the reflecting member 2 includes a rotating shaft 6 and a mirror 7 fixedly coupled to the rotating shaft 6, the rotating shaft 6 being disposed at a fixed angle with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane; wherein The rotating shaft 6 drives the mirror 7 to rotate, so that the mirror 7 tracks the solar elevation angle and reflects the solar incident light into the receiving range of the receiving device 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal plane is a plane formed by the x-axis and the y-axis, wherein the vertical plane is a plane formed by the y-axis and the z-axis, and the reflected light c formed by the incident light b reflected by the mirror 7 is at the receiving device. The condensing point is formed on the third, and the convergence point of the light reflected by all the mirrors 7 while tracking the rotation of the solar height angle is located within the receiving range of the receiving device 3.

本实施例提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，通过在接收装置3周围水平布置旋转装置1，并在该旋转装置1上布置多个反射构件2，通过水平布置的旋转装置1使得所有反射构件2均布置在同一水平基准面上，然后所有反射构件2在旋转装置1的带动下在水平面内以接收装置3上形成的反射构件2聚光光线的汇聚点为轴线(垂轴)统一旋转)，从而使得所有反射构件2中的所有反射镜7统一绕垂轴旋转，实时跟踪太阳方位角的变化，进而保证各反射镜7、汇聚点及太阳方位角的相对关系不变。The arrangement structure of the condensing mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the present embodiment, by arranging the rotating device 1 horizontally around the receiving device 3, and arranging a plurality of reflecting members 2 on the rotating device 1, through the horizontally arranged rotation The device 1 has all the reflecting members 2 arranged on the same horizontal reference surface, and then all the reflecting members 2 are driven by the rotating device 1 in the horizontal plane with the convergence point of the condensed light of the reflecting member 2 formed on the receiving device 3 as an axis ( The vertical axis) is uniformly rotated, so that all the mirrors 7 in all the reflecting members 2 are uniformly rotated around the vertical axis, and the change of the azimuth angle of the sun is tracked in real time, thereby ensuring that the relative relationship between the mirrors 7, the convergence point and the solar azimuth is not change.

进一步地，可将各反射镜7的聚光跟踪简化为太阳在固定方位角不变的情况下只发生高度角变化的一种单一变量跟踪(即各特定位置的反射镜7在统一进行了绕垂轴旋转跟踪太阳方位角之后，其进一步的聚光跟踪角度只与太阳高度角的变化量有关，而不再与太阳方位角的变化有关)。因此，本发明所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构与传统的复杂结构有显著不同，其可以通过旋转装置1带动所有反射镜7统一绕垂轴旋转跟踪太阳方位角，并通过每个反射构件2中的转轴6(即为斜轴)分别带动相应转轴6上的反射镜7实时跟踪太阳高度角的变化，其中的绕垂轴旋转跟踪角度只与太阳方位角变化有关，绕转轴6(斜轴)旋转跟踪角度只与太阳高度角变化有关，进而实现了多个反射镜7以一个垂轴为第一旋转轴线进行整体跟踪，反射镜7在以各自的转轴6(斜轴)为第二旋转轴线进行独立跟踪，即以一个垂轴和多个转轴6(即1+N个旋转轴，其中N为与反射镜7一一对应的转轴6的数量)完成了反射镜7的二维跟踪，其结构可靠、控制简单，能大幅降低塔式聚光***的成本，提高其运行的可靠性。Further, the condensing tracking of each mirror 7 can be simplified to a single variable tracking in which only the height angle change occurs when the sun is constant at a fixed azimuth angle (that is, the mirrors 7 at specific positions are uniformly wound. After the vertical axis rotation tracks the solar azimuth, its further concentrating tracking angle is only related to the amount of change in the solar elevation angle, and is no longer related to the change in the azimuth of the sun. Therefore, the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system of the present invention is significantly different from the conventional complicated structure, and the rotating mirror 1 can drive all the mirrors 7 to uniformly track the sun azimuth around the vertical axis. And through the rotating shaft 6 (that is, the oblique axis) in each of the reflecting members 2, respectively, the mirror 7 on the corresponding rotating shaft 6 is respectively used to track the change of the solar height angle in real time, wherein the tracking angle of the vertical axis rotation is only related to the change of the azimuth angle of the sun. The rotation tracking angle around the rotation axis 6 (oblique axis) is only related to the change of the solar height angle, thereby realizing a plurality of mirrors 7 as one The vertical axis is integrally tracked for the first axis of rotation, and the mirror 7 is independently tracked with the respective axis of rotation 6 (oblique axis) as the second axis of rotation, ie, a vertical axis and a plurality of rotation axes 6 (ie, 1+N rotations) The axis, wherein N is the number of the rotating shafts 6 corresponding to the mirrors 7 , completes the two-dimensional tracking of the mirror 7 , and has the advantages of reliable structure and simple control, which can greatly reduce the cost of the tower concentrating system and improve its operation. reliability.

需要说明的是，水平布置的旋转装置1为所有的反射构件2提供一个布置的水平基准面，但各个反射构件2布置在旋转装置1上的竖直方向的高度可根据实际情况错位布置，从而有效地降低反射构件2的阴影遮挡相邻的其他反射构件2的反射镜面。It should be noted that the horizontally arranged rotating device 1 provides an arrangement of horizontal reference faces for all the reflecting members 2, but the heights of the respective reflecting members 2 disposed on the rotating device 1 in the vertical direction may be misaligned according to actual conditions, thereby The shadow of the reflecting member 2 is effectively lowered to block the mirror surface of the adjacent other reflecting member 2.

实施例二 Embodiment 2

如图3所示，本实施例提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其包括接收装置3周围水平布置的旋转装置和该旋转装置上布置的多个反射构件2；并且所述反射构件2在所述旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所有所述反射构件2统一跟踪太阳的方位角；所述反射构件2包含一个转轴6和与所述转轴6固接的反射镜7，所述转轴6与水平面和竖直平面均呈固定角度倾斜布置；其中，所述转轴6带动所述反射镜7旋转，使得所述反射镜7跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射聚集至所述接收装置3上的同一聚光点处。As shown in FIG. 3, the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the embodiment includes a rotating device horizontally arranged around the receiving device 3 and a plurality of reflecting members 2 arranged on the rotating device; The reflecting member 2 is rotationally moved in a horizontal plane with a vertical line of a center point of the receiving device 3 under the driving of the rotating device, so that all the reflecting members 2 uniformly track the azimuth of the sun; the reflection The member 2 comprises a rotating shaft 6 and a mirror 7 fixed to the rotating shaft 6, the rotating shaft 6 being arranged at a fixed angle with respect to the horizontal plane and the vertical plane; wherein the rotating shaft 6 drives the mirror 7 to rotate, The mirror 7 is caused to track the solar elevation angle and to reflect the solar incident light to the same spotlight point on the receiving device 3.

其中，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ以及所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η；可通过入射光线向量

经所述反射镜7反射的反射光线向量

所述反射镜7的镜面中心的坐标点O以及三个不同的太阳光线对应的高度角度计算确定。为便于计算，具体地，可以通过三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线的高度角度h₁、h₂、h₃(由于所有反射构件2在旋转装置的带动下统一绕接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转跟踪方位角时，可以将太阳光线视为来自于正南方向以使得太阳光线方位角γ为0，因此，在计算转轴6的布置位置时，可选取不同的来自正南方向的太阳光线的高度角，以方便计算)，确定对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜7的法向量

对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜7的法向量

和对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜7的法向量

并通过

及

确定所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的向量

开且通过所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的向量

确定所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角为β，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角为δ；再通过所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的向量

和对应任意太阳光线的高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量

确定所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η。The angle α between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the horizontal axis x, the angle β between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y, the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z An angle δ and an angle η between the normal 9 of the mirror 7 and the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6;

Reflected ray vector reflected by the mirror 7

The coordinate point O of the mirror center of the mirror 7 and the height angle corresponding to three different solar rays are calculated and determined. For ease of calculation, in particular, three different height angles h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ from the south-right direction of the solar ray may be passed (since all the reflective members 2 are unanimously wound around the center of the receiving device 3 by the rotating device) When the vertical line is rotated by the axis to track the azimuth, the solar ray can be regarded as coming from the south direction so that the solar ray azimuth γ is 0. Therefore, when calculating the arrangement position of the rotating shaft 6, different from the south can be selected. Determining the elevation angle of the sun ray to facilitate calculation), determining the normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₁

The normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₂

And the normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₃

And passed

and

Determining the vector of the axis of rotation 8 of the spindle 6

a vector that opens and passes through the axis of rotation 8 of the spindle 6

Defining the angle α between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the transverse axis x, the angle of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y are β, and the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 is clamped with the vertical axis z The angle is δ; the vector passing through the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6

An angle η between the normal 9 of the mirror 7 and the axis of rotation 8 of the spindle 6 is determined.

为获得转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ以及所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η的具体计算公式，可设定横轴x，表示东西方向，纵轴y，表示南北方向，竖轴z，表示垂直于水平面的方向。并设定λ为所述反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的连线与水平面形成的角度，b为所述反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向形成的角度，H₀为所述反射镜7的镜面中心点与其在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的高度差，γ为太阳光线的方位角，h为任意太阳光线的高度角，h₁、h₂、h₃分别为三个不同的来自正南方向光线对应的高度角度，并设定反射镜7的镜面中心的坐标点O为，O(-H₀cotλsinb，-H₀cosλcosb，0)。并根据上述参数确定以下变量：In order to obtain an angle α between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the transverse axis x, the angle of rotation β of the rotating shaft 6 with the longitudinal axis y, the angle Δ between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z And a specific calculation formula of the angle η between the normal line 9 of the mirror 7 and the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6 can set the horizontal axis x, representing the east-west direction, and the vertical axis y, indicating the north-south direction, the vertical axis z , indicating the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. And λ is an angle formed by a line connecting the mirror center point of the mirror 7 and a focus point of the mirror 7 formed on the receiving device 3 to a horizontal plane, and b is a mirror center of the mirror 7. An angle formed by a line connecting the point of the projection point of the focusing point formed on the receiving device 3 on the horizontal surface with the south direction, and H ₀ is the mirror center point of the mirror 7 The height difference of the focus point formed on the receiving device 3, γ is the azimuth angle of the solar ray, h is the height angle of any solar ray, and h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ are respectively three different light rays from the south direction. The height angle and the coordinate point O of the mirror center of the mirror 7 are set to be O(-H ₀ cot λsinb, -H ₀ cosλcosb, 0). And determine the following variables based on the above parameters:

入射光线向量

的计算公式为，

Incident ray vector

The formula for calculating is

经反射镜7反射的反射光线向量

的计算公式为，

Reflected ray vector reflected by mirror 7

The formula for calculating is

对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜7的法向量

的计算公式为：The normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₁

The calculation formula is:

对应高度角h₂的反射镜7的法向量

的计算公式为：Normal vector of mirror 7 corresponding to height angle h ₂

The calculation formula is:

对应高度角h₃的反射镜7的法向

的计算公式为：Normal direction of mirror 7 corresponding to height angle h ₃

The calculation formula is:

对应任意高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量

The formula for calculating is

转轴6的旋转轴线8的向量

的计算公式为：Vector of the axis of rotation 8 of the shaft 6

The calculation formula is:

根据上述参数获得转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ以及所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η的具体计算计算公式如下：Obtain an angle α between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the horizontal axis x according to the above parameters, the angle β between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y, the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z The specific calculation formula of the angle δ and the angle η between the normal 9 of the mirror 7 and the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6 is as follows:

转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle α between the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the horizontal axis x is

转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle β between the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y is

转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle δ between the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z is

反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle η between the normal line 9 of the mirror 7 and the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6 is

其中，A为对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜7的法向量

模的倒数，B为对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜7的法向量

的模的倒数，C为对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜7的法向量

的模的倒数，K为对应任意太阳光线高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量

的模的倒数，E为转轴6的旋转轴线8的向量

的模。Where A is the normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₁

The reciprocal of the modulus, B is the normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₂

The reciprocal of the modulus, C is the normal vector of the mirror 7 corresponding to the height angle h ₃

The reciprocal of the modulus, K is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h of any solar ray

The reciprocal of the mode, E is the vector of the axis of rotation 8 of the shaft 6

Mould.

需要说明的是，上述公式计算得到的α、β、δ、η的值均为计算值，因此α、β、δ、η的值处于合理的误差范围(例如±2°)内，也应落入本发明保护的范围之内。It should be noted that the values of α, β, δ, and η calculated by the above formula are all calculated values, so the values of α, β, δ, and η are within a reasonable error range (for example, ± 2°), and should also fall. It is within the scope of the protection of the present invention.

为明确转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ以及所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η的具体数值，本实施例通过以下具体实施方式给出了不同参数下对应的α、β、δ及η的值。In order to clarify the angle α between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the transverse axis x, the angle of rotation β of the rotating shaft 6 with the longitudinal axis y, the angle Δ between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z And a specific numerical value of the angle η between the normal line 9 of the mirror 7 and the rotation axis 8 of the rotating shaft 6, the present embodiment gives the corresponding α, β, δ and η under different parameters by the following specific embodiments. Value.

首先，若反射镜7的镜面中心点与其在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的高度差H₀为44m，反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的连线与水平面形成的角度λ为14.8°。所述反射构件在所述旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所有所述反射构件统一跟踪太阳的方位角；所述需要旋转的角度等于太阳的方位角。First, if the height difference H ₀ of the mirror center point of the mirror 7 and its focus point formed on the receiving device 3 is 44 m, the mirror center point of the mirror 7 and the mirror 7 are on the receiving device 3. The angle λ formed by the line connecting the focal point and the horizontal plane is 14.8°. The reflecting member is rotationally moved in a horizontal plane with a vertical line of a center point of the receiving device 3 under the driving of the rotating device, so that all the reflecting members uniformly track the azimuth of the sun; The angle is equal to the azimuth of the sun.

当反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向(正南方向为0°)形成的角度b为30°，三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线对应的高度角度h₁为15°，h₂为45°、h₃为75°时，通过上述公式计算得到转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α为35.27°，转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β为68.26°，转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ为63.69°，所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η为36.74°。当反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向(正南方向为0°)形成的角度b为60°，三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线对应的高度角度h₁为15°，h₂为45°、h₃为75°时，通过上述公式计算得到转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α为17.19°，转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β为77.71°，转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ为78.16°，所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η为42.84°。An angle b formed between the line center point of the mirror 7 and the projection point of the focus point of the mirror 7 formed on the receiving device 3 on the horizontal plane and the south direction (0° in the south direction) For 30°, when three different height angles h ₁ corresponding to the sun rays from the south direction are 15°, h ₂ is 45°, and h ₃ is 75°, the rotation axis 8 and the horizontal axis of the rotating shaft 6 are calculated by the above formula. The angle α of the axis x is 35.27°, the angle β between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y is 68.26°, and the angle δ between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z is 63.69°, the mirror The angle η between the normal 9 of the 7 and the axis of rotation 8 of the spindle 6 is 36.74°. An angle b formed between the line center point of the mirror 7 and the projection point of the focus point of the mirror 7 formed on the receiving device 3 on the horizontal plane and the south direction (0° in the south direction) 60°, when three different height angles h ₁ corresponding to the sun rays in the south direction are 15°, h ₂ is 45°, and h ₃ is 75°, the rotation axis 8 and the horizontal axis of the rotating shaft 6 are calculated by the above formula. The angle α of the axis x is 17.19°, the angle β between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y is 77.71°, and the angle δ between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z is 78.16°, the mirror The angle η between the normal 9 of the 7 and the axis of rotation 8 of the spindle 6 is 42.84°.

当反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向(正南方向为0°)形成的角度b为90°，三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线对应的高度角度h₁为15°，h₂为45°、h₃为75°时，通过上述公式计算得到转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α为7.01°，转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β为89.77°，转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ为82.98°，所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η为45.35°。An angle b formed between the line center point of the mirror 7 and the projection point of the focus point of the mirror 7 formed on the receiving device 3 on the horizontal plane and the south direction (0° in the south direction) For 90°, when three different height angles h ₁ corresponding to the sun rays in the south direction are 15°, h ₂ is 45°, and h ₃ is 75°, the rotation axis 8 and the horizontal axis of the rotating shaft 6 are calculated by the above formula. The angle α of the axis x is 7.01°, the angle β between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y is 89.77°, and the angle δ between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z is 82.98°, the mirror The angle η between the normal 9 of the 7 and the axis of rotation 8 of the spindle 6 is 45.35°.

由上述的具体实施方式可以看出，通过上述公式确定的转轴6的旋转轴线8分别与横轴x、纵轴y、竖轴z的夹角，并通过其夹角确定的转轴6的位置，在光路模拟中，对应位置的转轴6上的反射镜7可将光线完全聚集于接收装置3上，且同一反射镜7在转轴6的带动下旋转至不同位置时，其均可在接收装置3上形成同一聚光点。从而验证了上述公式的正确性。As can be seen from the above specific embodiment, the rotation of the rotating shaft 6 determined by the above formula The angle between the axis of rotation 8 and the horizontal axis x, the longitudinal axis y, and the vertical axis z, respectively, and the position of the rotating shaft 6 determined by the angle thereof, in the optical path simulation, the mirror 7 on the rotating shaft 6 corresponding to the position can illuminate the light When the same mirror 7 is completely assembled on the receiving device 3 and the same mirror 7 is rotated to a different position by the rotation shaft 6, it can form the same light collecting point on the receiving device 3. This verifies the correctness of the above formula.

本实施例中，以反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向(正南方向为0°)形成的角度b为30°，反射镜7的镜面中心点与其在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的高度差H₀为44m，反射镜7的镜面中心点与所述反射镜7在所述接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的连线与水平面形成的角度λ为14.8°为例，并定义当太阳高度角度为h＝0时，转轴6处于起始位置，并计算得出起始角度θ；经计算得出当太阳高度角度h₁为15°时，转轴6从起始角度θ旋转32.03°后，太阳入射光经反射镜7反射后在接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的位置未发生变化；当太阳高度角度h₂为45°时，转轴6从起始角度θ旋转72.43°后，太阳入射光经反射镜7反射后在接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的位置未发生变化；当太阳高度角度h₃为75°时，转轴6从起始角度θ旋转77.98°后，太阳入射光经反射镜7反射后在接收装置3上形成的聚焦点的位置未发生变化。因此，可以确定，当转轴6按本发明提供的计算公式得出的转轴6的旋转轴线8与横轴x的夹角α，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与纵轴y的夹角β，所述转轴6的旋转轴线8与竖轴z的夹角δ以及所述反射镜7的法线9与所述转轴6的旋转轴线8的夹角η进行布置后，随太阳高度角度的变化，只需使得转轴6进行旋转即可实现将不同太阳高度角度下的太阳光均反射至接收装置3的接收范围内，从而实现了通过转轴6旋转即可使得反射镜7跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至接收装置3的接收范围内，进而实现了二轴旋转跟踪。In this embodiment, the line connecting the mirror center point of the mirror 7 and the projection point of the mirror 7 formed on the receiving device 3 on the horizontal plane is in the south direction (the south direction is 0°). The angle b formed is 30°, the height difference H ₀ of the mirror center point of the mirror 7 and its focus point formed on the receiving device 3 is 44 m, and the mirror center point of the mirror 7 is at the mirror 7 The angle λ formed by the line connecting the focus point formed on the receiving device 3 and the horizontal plane is 14.8°, and defines that when the sun height angle is h=0, the rotating shaft 6 is at the starting position, and the starting point is calculated. The angle θ is calculated as the position of the focus point formed on the receiving device 3 after the sun incident light is reflected by the mirror 7 after the sun axis height angle h ₁ is 15° and the rotation axis 6 is rotated by 32.03° from the starting angle θ. No change; when the sun height angle h ₂ is 45°, the position of the focus point formed on the receiving device 3 after the sun incident light is reflected by the mirror 7 does not change after the rotating shaft 6 is rotated 72.43° from the starting angle θ. When the sun height angle h ₃ is 75°, the rotating shaft 6 is rotated from the starting angle θ After 77.98°, the position of the focus point formed on the receiving device 3 after the incident light of the sun is reflected by the mirror 7 does not change. Therefore, it can be determined that when the rotating shaft 6 is obtained by the calculation formula provided by the present invention, the angle of rotation α of the rotating shaft 6 and the horizontal axis x are α, the angle between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis y, After the angle δ between the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 and the vertical axis z and the angle η between the normal 9 of the mirror 7 and the axis of rotation 8 of the rotating shaft 6 are arranged, as the angle of the sun is changed, It is only necessary to rotate the rotating shaft 6 to reflect the sunlight at different solar height angles into the receiving range of the receiving device 3, so that the rotation of the rotating shaft 6 enables the mirror 7 to track the solar elevation angle and the sun. The incident light is reflected into the receiving range of the receiving device 3, thereby achieving two-axis rotational tracking.

实施例三 Embodiment 3

如图4至6所示，本实施例提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其包括接收装置3周围水平布置的旋转装置和该旋转装置上布置的多个反射构件；并且所述反射构件在所述旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所有所述反射构件统一跟踪太阳的方位角；所述反射构件包含一个转轴和与所述转轴固接的反射镜，所述转轴与水平面和竖直平面均呈固定角度倾斜布置；其中，所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，使得所述反射镜跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置3的接收范围内。As shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 , the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the embodiment includes a rotating device horizontally arranged around the receiving device 3 and a plurality of reflecting members arranged on the rotating device; And the reflecting member is rotationally moved in a horizontal plane with a vertical line of a center point of the receiving device 3 in the horizontal plane, such that all of the reflecting members uniformly track the azimuth of the sun; the reflecting member a rotating shaft and a mirror fixed to the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is disposed at a fixed angle with respect to a horizontal plane and a vertical plane; wherein the rotating shaft drives the mirror to rotate, so that the mirror tracks the sun height The angle reflects the solar incident light into the receiving range of the receiving device 3.

其中，所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角为α，所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角为β，所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角为δ，所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角为η，其中，α，β，δ及η的计算公式在实施例中已经给出，在此不再赘述。Wherein the angle between the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis is α, the angle of rotation of the rotating shaft with the longitudinal axis is β, and the angle between the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis is δ, the reflection The angle between the normal of the mirror and the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft is η, wherein the calculation formulas of α, β, δ and η have been given in the embodiment, and will not be described herein.

其中，多个反射构件形成一个反射单元，反射单元在接收装置3上形成一沿接收装置3的高度方向延伸的线性光线，反射单元中的多个转轴可联动连接，从而保证反射单元中的所有反射构件在转轴的带动下同步旋转，以跟踪太阳高度角。其中的线性光线应位于接收装置3的接收范围内，即该线性光线可完全被接收装置3接收，避免线性光线延伸到接收装置3之外造成的光照能量的损失。Wherein, the plurality of reflecting members form a reflecting unit, and the reflecting unit forms a linear light extending in the height direction of the receiving device 3 on the receiving device 3, and the plurality of rotating shafts in the reflecting unit are connected in linkage, thereby ensuring all the reflection units The reflecting member is synchronously rotated by the rotating shaft to track the solar height angle. The linear light therein should be located within the receiving range of the receiving device 3, that is, the linear light can be completely received by the receiving device 3, avoiding the loss of the luminous energy caused by the linear light extending outside the receiving device 3.

以接收装置3的中心点在水平面上形成的投影点为圆心，由内至外的方向上形成至少一个环形布置区域，该环形布置区域由多个反射单元绕该投影点呈环形布置形成。其中的环形布置区域可以为多个，该多个环形布置区域在该投影点由内至外的方向上呈间隔分布。反射单元中的所有反射构件在旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得每个反射单元中的所有反射构件同步跟踪太阳的方位角，从而将太阳光线聚集于接收装置中，并在接收装置3上形成一沿接收装置3的高度方向延伸的线性光线。 The projection point formed on the horizontal plane by the center point of the receiving device 3 is centered, and at least one annular arrangement area is formed from the inside to the outside, and the annular arrangement area is formed by a plurality of reflection units arranged in a ring shape around the projection point. There may be a plurality of annular arrangement regions, and the plurality of annular arrangement regions are spaced apart in the direction from the inside to the outside of the projection point. All of the reflective members in the reflecting unit are rotationally moved in the horizontal plane with the vertical line of the center point of the receiving device 3 under the driving of the rotating device, so that all the reflecting members in each reflecting unit synchronously track the azimuth of the sun. Thereby, the solar rays are concentrated in the receiving device, and a linear light extending in the height direction of the receiving device 3 is formed on the receiving device 3.

在本实施例中的其中一个实施方式中，多个反射单元在其所在的环形布置区域内可呈均布，可在相邻的两个环形布置区域之间形成环形通道，便于工人或机器在该环形通道中通过，进而可方便反射单元的日常清洗及维护。In one of the embodiments, the plurality of reflecting units may be evenly distributed in the annular arrangement area in which they are located, and an annular passage may be formed between the adjacent two annular arrangement areas, so that the worker or the machine can be The annular passage passes through, thereby facilitating daily cleaning and maintenance of the reflecting unit.

为便于理解本实施例的反射镜布置结构中反射单元的聚光形式，为方便描述，将图4、图5中的反射单元分别标示为第一反射单元21、第二反射单元22。如图4所示，第一反射单元21中的多个反射构件中的多个反射镜反射的太阳光线均汇聚于接收装置3上，第二反射单元22中的多个反射构件中的多个反射镜反射的太阳光线均汇聚于接收装置3上。如图5所示，第一反射单元21中的多个反射构件中的多个反射镜反射的太阳光线分别在接收装置3上形成不同聚焦点；其中，反射构件中靠近投影点Q的一端的反射镜反射的光线聚集至接收装置3下端部，即接收装置3的B处；反射构件中远离投影点Q的一端的反射镜反射的光线聚集至接收装置3的上端部，即接收装置3的A处；而第一反射单元21中的其他反射构件中的反射镜则将太阳光线反射聚集于接收装置3上位于A与B之间的区域内。同理，第二反射单元22中靠近投影点Q的一端的反射镜反射的光线聚集至接收装置3下端部；第二反射单元22中远离投影点Q的一端的反射镜反射的光线聚集至接收装置3的上端部；而第二反射单元22中的其他反射反射构件中的反射镜则将太阳光线反射聚集于接收装置3上位于接收装置3下端部与上端部之间的区域内。In order to facilitate the understanding of the condensing form of the reflecting unit in the mirror arrangement structure of the present embodiment, the reflecting units in FIGS. 4 and 5 are respectively denoted as the first reflecting unit 21 and the second reflecting unit 22 for convenience of description. As shown in FIG. 4, the solar rays reflected by the plurality of mirrors in the plurality of reflective members in the first reflecting unit 21 are all concentrated on the receiving device 3, and the plurality of reflecting members in the second reflecting unit 22 are plural. The sunlight reflected by the mirror is concentrated on the receiving device 3. As shown in FIG. 5, the solar rays reflected by the plurality of mirrors in the plurality of reflecting members in the first reflecting unit 21 respectively form different focusing points on the receiving device 3; wherein, in the reflecting member, near one end of the projection point Q The light reflected by the mirror is collected to the lower end of the receiving device 3, that is, at the B of the receiving device 3; the light reflected by the mirror at one end of the reflecting member away from the projection point Q is collected to the upper end portion of the receiving device 3, that is, the receiving device 3 At A, the mirrors in the other reflective members in the first reflecting unit 21 reflect the sun's rays on the receiving device 3 in the region between A and B. Similarly, the light reflected by the mirror near the end of the projection point Q in the second reflection unit 22 is concentrated to the lower end of the receiving device 3; the light reflected by the mirror at the end of the second reflecting unit 22 away from the projection point Q is collected to receive The upper end of the device 3; and the mirrors of the other reflective and reflective members of the second reflecting unit 22 reflect the sun's rays on the receiving device 3 in the region between the lower end and the upper end of the receiving device 3.

综上可知，经反射单元反射的光线可在接收装置3上形成一沿接收装置3的高度方向延伸的线性光线，且该线性光线位于接收装置3的接收范围内。即该线性光线可完全被接收装置3接收，避免线性光线延伸到接收装置3之外造成的光照能量的损失。最优的情况下，该线性光线的两个端点恰好分别为A点、B点。In summary, the light reflected by the reflecting unit can form a linear light extending along the height direction of the receiving device 3 on the receiving device 3, and the linear light is located within the receiving range of the receiving device 3. That is, the linear light can be completely received by the receiving device 3, avoiding the loss of the illumination energy caused by the linear light extending beyond the receiving device 3. In the optimal case, the two endpoints of the linear ray are exactly point A and point B, respectively.

另外，如图6所示，为保证所有反射单元在接收装置3上形成的光线均位于接收装置3的接收范围内，靠近投影点Q的环形区域内的反射单元中的反射构件的数量应较少，而远离投影点Q的环形区域中的反射单元中的反射构件的数量应较多。如图6所示，第三反射单元23中的反射构件的数量应多于第一反射单元21中的反射构件的数量；第四反射单元24中的反射构件的数量应多于第二反射单元22中的反射构件的数量。即，从投影点Q由内至外的方向上分布的不同环形布置区域中布置的反射单元中的反射构件的数量次逐渐增大。In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, to ensure the light formed by all the reflecting units on the receiving device 3 The lines are all located within the receiving range of the receiving device 3, the number of reflecting members in the reflecting unit in the annular region near the projection point Q should be small, and the number of reflecting members in the reflecting unit in the annular region away from the projected point Q There should be more. As shown in FIG. 6, the number of reflective members in the third reflective unit 23 should be greater than the number of reflective members in the first reflective unit 21; the number of reflective members in the fourth reflective unit 24 should be greater than that of the second reflective unit The number of reflective members in 22. That is, the number of the reflection members in the reflection units arranged in the different annular arrangement regions distributed from the inside to the outside in the direction from the projection point Q gradually increases.

实施例四 Embodiment 4

如图7所示，本实施例提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其包括接收装置3周围水平布置的旋转装置和该旋转装置上布置的多个反射构件2；并且所述反射构件2在所述旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置3的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所有所述反射构件2统一跟踪太阳的方位角；所述反射构件2包含一个转轴和与所述转轴固接的反射镜，所述转轴与水平面和竖直平面均呈固定角度倾斜布置；其中，所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，使得所述反射镜跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置3的接收范围内。As shown in FIG. 7, the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the embodiment includes a rotating device horizontally arranged around the receiving device 3 and a plurality of reflecting members 2 arranged on the rotating device; The reflecting member 2 is rotationally moved in a horizontal plane with a vertical line of a center point of the receiving device 3 under the driving of the rotating device, so that all the reflecting members 2 uniformly track the azimuth of the sun; the reflection The member 2 includes a rotating shaft and a mirror fixed to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is disposed at a fixed angle with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane; wherein the rotating shaft drives the mirror to rotate, so that the mirror tracks The solar elevation angle reflects solar incident light into the receiving range of the receiving device 3.

其中的多个反射构件的布置结构在实施例二中已具体描述，在此不再赘述。本实施例着重描述旋转装置的具体结构。The arrangement of the plurality of reflective members is specifically described in the second embodiment, and details are not described herein again. This embodiment focuses on the specific structure of the rotating device.

在本实施例的其中一个实施中，旋转装置包括旋转板和以接收装置3的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心布置的至少一条环形轨道，其中的旋转装置可布置于平整的地面上，其中环形轨道可为多个，多个环形轨道上分别布置旋转板。其中的旋转装置还可布置于温室大棚的顶部，其中的环形轨道可间隔布置于温室大棚的顶部，并在环形轨道上布置旋转板，在利用温室大棚作为旋转装置的支撑件时，还可利用透过旋转装置的太阳光为温室大棚的农作物提供生长所需的光照。In one of the embodiments of the present embodiment, the rotating device comprises a rotating plate and at least one annular track arranged at a center of a projection point of the center point of the receiving device 3 on a horizontal plane, wherein the rotating device can be arranged on a flat ground, The annular track may be a plurality of, and the rotating plates are respectively arranged on the plurality of circular tracks. The rotating device can also be arranged on the top of the greenhouse, The circular track in the middle can be arranged at the top of the greenhouse, and the rotating plate is arranged on the circular track. When the greenhouse is used as the support of the rotating device, the sunlight passing through the rotating device can also be used to provide the greenhouse greenhouse crop. The light needed to grow.

其中，旋转板沿环形轨道以接收装置3的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心旋转移动，其中的反射构件2布置在该旋转板上。通过布置在地面上的环形轨道为旋转板提供基础平台，并利用旋转板绕以接收装置3在水平面上的投影点在水平面内旋转移动，使得旋转板上的所有反射构件2同步统一绕以接收装置3的中心点在水平面上的投影点在水平面内旋转移动，从而使得旋转板上的所有反射构件2同步统一跟踪太阳方位角。同时，通过调节反射构件2中的转轴的转动带动反射镜旋转跟踪太阳高度角，从而使得所有反射构件2中的反射镜同步跟踪太阳方位角和高度角，进而提升接收装置3接收的太阳光能量。Wherein, the rotating plate is rotationally moved along the circular orbit with a projection point of the center point of the receiving device 3 on a horizontal plane, wherein the reflecting member 2 is disposed on the rotating plate. The rotating platform is provided with a foundation platform by an annular track disposed on the ground, and is rotated in a horizontal plane by a rotating plate wound with a projection point of the receiving device 3 on a horizontal surface, so that all the reflecting members 2 on the rotating plate are synchronously wound to receive The projection point of the center point of the device 3 on the horizontal plane is rotationally moved in the horizontal plane, so that all the reflecting members 2 on the rotating plate synchronously track the sun azimuth. At the same time, by adjusting the rotation of the rotating shaft in the reflecting member 2, the mirror rotates and tracks the solar elevation angle, so that the mirrors in all the reflecting members 2 synchronously track the solar azimuth and the elevation angle, thereby improving the solar energy received by the receiving device 3. .

传统的塔式电站中的反射镜布置结构通常将由大规模阵列的反射构件2组成的镜场布置于地面上，为保证阵列布置的大规模反射构件2的统一跟踪太阳，提高其跟踪精度，需要将反射构件2统一布置在平整的土地上，但实际环境中由于地势的不同，大面积范围的地面多凸凹不平，需要对地面进行平整处理，极大地增加了反射构件2的布置成本。为此，在本实施例其中一个实施方式中，如图6所示，其中的旋转装置包括蓄水池4和置于蓄水池4中并漂浮覆盖在水面上的浮板5，接收装置3的中心点在水平面上的投影点位于所述蓄水池4的中心处，浮板5构造成在蓄水池4内以接收装置3的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心旋转移动，反射构件2布置在所述浮板5上。The mirror arrangement in the conventional tower power station usually arranges the mirror field composed of the large-scale array of the reflection members 2 on the ground, and in order to ensure the uniform tracking of the sun by the large-scale reflection member 2 of the array arrangement, the tracking accuracy is improved. The reflective member 2 is uniformly arranged on the flat land, but in the actual environment, due to the different topography, the ground in a large area is uneven, and the ground is required to be leveled, which greatly increases the arrangement cost of the reflective member 2. To this end, in one embodiment of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the rotating device includes a water storage tank 4 and a floating plate 5 placed in the water storage tank 4 and floating on the water surface, the receiving device 3 The projection point of the center point on the horizontal plane is located at the center of the reservoir 4, and the floating plate 5 is configured to rotate in the reservoir 4 with the projection point of the center point of the receiving device 3 on the horizontal plane as a center, and the reflection The member 2 is arranged on the floating plate 5.

另外，为充分利用蓄水池4的资源，还可在蓄水池4中设置换热管，将换热管与汽轮机乏汽冷却管路连接，利用蓄水池4中温度相对较低的温度冷却汽轮机排汽。还可在蓄水池4内设置供氧装置，以保证蓄水池4中的生物的生长，从而提高该蓄水池4的综合利用效率。 In addition, in order to make full use of the resources of the reservoir 4, a heat exchange tube may be disposed in the reservoir 4 to connect the heat exchange tube to the turbine exhaust steam cooling line, and the temperature in the reservoir 4 is relatively low. Cool the steam exhaust of the turbine. An oxygen supply device may also be provided in the reservoir 4 to ensure the growth of the organisms in the reservoir 4, thereby improving the overall utilization efficiency of the reservoir 4.

采用蓄水池4为反射构件2的布置提供平台，并通过在蓄水池4中布置覆盖于水面上的浮板5，通过该浮板5可避免蓄水池4内的水分蒸发，还可为反射构件2的布置提供一个旋转平台，同时还可保证所有反射构件2均处于同一基准面内。浮板5绕以接收装置3的中心点在水面上形成的投影点为圆心作旋转移动，从而带动位于浮板5上的所有反射构件2同步绕以接收装置3的中心点在水面上形成的投影点为圆心作旋转移动，以使得所有反射构件2跟踪太阳方位角。同时，通过调节反射构件2中的转轴的转动带动反射镜旋转跟踪太阳高度角，从而使得所有反射构件2中的反射镜同步跟踪太阳方位角和高度角，进而提升接收装置3接收的太阳光能量。The reservoir 4 is used to provide a platform for the arrangement of the reflective member 2, and by arranging a floating plate 5 covering the water surface in the reservoir 4, the evaporation of water in the reservoir 4 can be avoided by the floating plate 5, and A rotating platform is provided for the arrangement of the reflective members 2, while also ensuring that all of the reflective members 2 are all within the same reference plane. The floating plate 5 is rotated about a projection point formed on the water surface by the center point of the receiving device 3, thereby driving all the reflecting members 2 located on the floating plate 5 to be synchronously wound to form a center point of the receiving device 3 on the water surface. The projection point is a rotational movement of the center of the circle such that all of the reflection members 2 track the solar azimuth. At the same time, by adjusting the rotation of the rotating shaft in the reflecting member 2, the mirror rotates and tracks the solar elevation angle, so that the mirrors in all the reflecting members 2 synchronously track the solar azimuth and the elevation angle, thereby improving the solar energy received by the receiving device 3. .

实施例五Embodiment 5

本实施例提供了一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法，基于权利要求实施例一至实施例四中任一所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，该塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法包括：The embodiment provides a method for tracking a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system, and the arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The tracking method of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system includes:

根据太阳方位角度的变化实时调整所述旋转装置的旋转角度，使得所有反射构件统一旋转跟踪太阳方位角；Adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating device in real time according to the change of the azimuth angle of the sun, so that all the reflecting members uniformly rotate and track the sun azimuth;

根据太阳高度角度的变化调整所述转轴的旋转角度，通过所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，使得每个所述反射镜均跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置的接收范围内。Adjusting a rotation angle of the rotating shaft according to a change in a solar height angle, and rotating the mirror by the rotating shaft, so that each of the mirrors tracks a solar elevation angle and reflects solar incident light to the receiving device Within the scope.

本实施例提供的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法，其通过旋转装置带动所有反射镜统一绕垂轴旋转跟踪太阳方位角，并通过每个反射构件中的转轴(即为斜轴)分别带动相应转轴上的反射镜实时跟踪太阳高度角的变化，其中的绕垂轴旋转跟踪角度只与太阳方位角变化有关，绕斜轴旋转跟踪角度只与太阳高度角变化有关，进而实现了多个反射镜以一个绕垂轴为第一旋转轴线进行整体跟踪，反射镜在以各自的转轴(即为斜轴)为第二旋转轴线进行独立跟踪，即以一个垂轴和多个转轴(即 1+N个旋转轴，其中N为与反射镜一一对应的转轴的数量)完成了反射镜的二维跟踪，其结构可靠、控制简单，能大幅降低塔式聚光***的成本，提高其运行的可靠性。The tracking method of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system provided by the embodiment is that the rotating device drives all the mirrors to rotate around the vertical axis to track the solar azimuth angle, and passes through the rotating shaft in each reflecting member (ie, is inclined The axis respectively drives the mirror on the corresponding rotating shaft to track the change of the solar height angle in real time, wherein the tracking angle around the vertical axis is only related to the change of the azimuth angle of the sun, and the tracking angle around the oblique axis is only related to the change of the solar height angle, thereby realizing The plurality of mirrors are integrally tracked with a first axis of rotation about a vertical axis, and the mirrors are independently tracked with respective axes of rotation (ie, oblique axes) as a second axis of rotation, ie, a vertical axis and a plurality of shafts (which is 1+N rotating axes, where N is the number of rotating shafts corresponding to the mirror one by one) completes the two-dimensional tracking of the mirror, and the structure is reliable and the control is simple, which can greatly reduce the cost of the tower concentrating system and improve its Reliability of operation.

最后需要说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施方式对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施方式记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施方式技术方案的精神和范围。 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or the equivalents of the technical features are replaced by the equivalents of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，包括接收装置周围水平布置的旋转装置和该旋转装置上布置的多个反射构件；并且所述反射构件在所述旋转装置的带动下在水平面内以所述接收装置的中心点的垂线为轴线旋转移动，使得所有所述反射构件统一跟踪太阳的方位角；An arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system, comprising: a rotating device horizontally disposed around the receiving device; and a plurality of reflecting members disposed on the rotating device; and the reflecting member is in the rotation Rotating and moving in the horizontal plane with the vertical line of the center point of the receiving device in the horizontal plane, so that all the reflecting members uniformly track the azimuth of the sun;

所述反射构件包含一个转轴和与所述转轴相固接的反射镜，所述转轴与水平面和竖直平面均呈固定角度倾斜布置；The reflecting member comprises a rotating shaft and a mirror fixedly coupled to the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is inclined at a fixed angle with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane;

其中，所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，使得所述反射镜跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置的接收范围内。Wherein the rotating shaft drives the mirror to rotate such that the mirror tracks the solar height angle and reflects the solar incident light into the receiving range of the receiving device.
根据权利要求1所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角α，所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角β，所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角δ以及所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角η；通过入射光线向量
经所述反射镜反射的反射光线向量
所述反射镜的镜面中心的坐标点O以及三个不同的太阳光线对应的高度角度计算确定。The arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to claim 1, wherein an angle α between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis, and a rotation axis of the rotating shaft and a longitudinal axis are clamped An angle β, an angle δ between the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis, and an angle η between the normal of the mirror and the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft;
Reflected ray vector reflected by the mirror
The coordinate point O of the mirror center of the mirror and the height angle corresponding to three different solar rays are calculated and determined.
根据权利要求2所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，通过三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线的高度角度h₁、h₂、h₃，确定对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜的法向量
对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜的法向量
和对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜的法向量
The arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the correspondence is determined by three different height angles h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ from the south ray direction Normal vector of the mirror at height angle h ₁
The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₂
And the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₃

通过
及
确定所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量
并且通过所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量
确定所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角α，所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角为β，所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角为δ；by
and
Determining the vector of the axis of rotation of the shaft
And a vector passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft
Determining an angle α between the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis, the angle of rotation of the rotating shaft and the longitudinal axis is β, and the angle of rotation of the rotating shaft with the vertical axis is δ;

再通过所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量
和对应任意太阳光线的高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量
确定所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角η。a vector passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft
And the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h of any sun ray
An angle η between a normal line of the mirror and an axis of rotation of the rotating shaft is determined.
根据权利要求3所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，The arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to claim 3, characterized in that

所述转轴的旋转轴线与横轴的夹角α的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle α between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the horizontal axis is

所述转轴的旋转轴线与纵轴的夹角β的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle β between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis is

所述转轴的旋转轴线与竖轴的夹角δ的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle δ between the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the vertical axis is

所述反射镜的法线与所述转轴的旋转轴线的夹角η的计算公式为，The calculation formula of the angle η between the normal line of the mirror and the rotation axis of the rotating shaft is

其中，A为对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜的法向量模的倒数，B为对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜的法向量
的模的倒数，C为对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜的法向量
的模的倒数，K为对应任意高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量
的模的倒数，E为转轴的旋转轴线的向量
的模。Where A is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₁ The reciprocal of the modulus, B is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₂
The reciprocal of the modulus, C is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₃
The reciprocal of the modulus, K is the normal vector of the mirror corresponding to an arbitrary height angle h
The reciprocal of the mode, E is the vector of the axis of rotation of the shaft
Mould.
根据权利要求4所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，The arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to claim 4, wherein

所述反射镜的镜面中心的坐标点O定义为 The coordinate point O of the mirror center of the mirror is defined as

O(-H₀cotλsin b，-H₀cosλcos b，0)；O(-H ₀ cotλsin b, -H ₀ cosλcos b,0);

所述入射光线向量
的计算公式为，The incident ray vector
The formula for calculating is

经所述反射镜反射的反射光线向量
的计算公式为，Reflected ray vector reflected by the mirror
The formula for calculating is

所述对应高度角度h₁的所述反射镜的法向量
的计算公式为，The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₁
The formula for calculating is

对应高度角度h₂的所述反射镜的法向量
的计算公式为，The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₂
The formula for calculating is

对应高度角度h₃的所述反射镜的法向量
的计算公式为，The normal vector of the mirror corresponding to the height angle h ₃
The formula for calculating is

对应任意高度角度h的所述反射镜的法向量
的计算公式为，Normal vector of the mirror corresponding to an arbitrary height angle h
The formula for calculating is

所述转轴的旋转轴线的向量
的计算公式为，Vector of the axis of rotation of the shaft
The formula for calculating is

其中，λ为所述反射镜的镜面中心点与所述反射镜在所述接收装置上形成的聚焦点的连线与水平面形成的角度，b为所述反射镜的镜面中心点与所述反射镜在所述接收装置上形成的聚焦点在水平面上的投影点的连线与正南方向形成的角度，H₀为所述反射镜的镜面中心点与其在所述接收装置上形成的聚焦点的高度差，γ为太阳光线的方位角，h为任意太阳光线的高度角，h₁、h₂、h₃分别为三个不同的来自正南方向太阳光线对应的高度角度。 Where λ is the angle formed by the line center point of the mirror and the focal point of the mirror formed on the receiving device and the horizontal plane, b is the mirror center point of the mirror and the reflection An angle formed by a line connecting the projection point of the focus point formed on the receiving device on the horizontal plane with a true south direction, H ₀ being the mirror center point of the mirror and a focus point formed on the receiving device The height difference, γ is the azimuth of the sun's rays, h is the height angle of any solar ray, and h ₁ , h ₂ , and h ₃ are respectively three different height angles corresponding to the sun rays in the south direction.
根据权利要求1所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述布置结构中的多个所述反射构件形成一个反射单元，所述反射单元在所述接收装置上形成一沿所述接收装置的高度方向延伸的线性光线。The arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said reflecting members in said arranging structure form a reflecting unit, said reflecting unit being at said receiving A linear light extending in the height direction of the receiving device is formed on the device.
根据权利要求6所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述反射单元中的多个所述转轴联动。The arrangement of the concentrating mirrors of the tower concentrating system according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of the rotating shafts of the reflecting unit are linked.
根据权利要求6所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述线性光线位于所述接收装置的接收范围内。The arrangement of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system according to claim 6, wherein the linear ray is located within a receiving range of the receiving device.
根据权利要求6所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，在所述投影点由内至外的方向上形成至少一个环形布置区域，所述环形布置区域由多个所述反射单元绕所述投影点呈环形布置形成。The arrangement structure of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to claim 6, wherein at least one annular arrangement area is formed in the direction from the inside to the outside of the projection point, the annular arrangement area being A plurality of the reflective units are formed in a circular arrangement around the projection point.
根据权利要求9所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述环形布置区域为多个，并且多个所述环形布置区域在所述投影点由内至外的方向上呈间隔分布。The arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system according to claim 9, wherein the annular arrangement area is plural, and a plurality of the annular arrangement areas are from the inside to the projection point The outer directions are spaced apart.
根据权利要求9所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，多个所述反射单元在其所在的所述环形布置区域内呈均布。The arrangement of concentrating mirrors of a tower concentrating system according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of said reflecting units are uniformly distributed in said annular arrangement region in which they are located.
根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述旋转装置包括蓄水池和置于所述蓄水池中并漂浮覆盖在水面上的浮板，所述接收装置的中心点在水平面上的投影点位于所述蓄水池的中心处，所述浮板构造成在所述蓄水池内以所述接收装置的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心旋转移动的结构；Arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the rotating device comprises a reservoir and is placed in the reservoir and floats a floating plate covering the surface of the water, a projection point of the center point of the receiving device on a horizontal plane is located at the center of the reservoir, the floating plate being configured to be in the reservoir at the center of the receiving device The projection point of the point on the horizontal plane is a structure in which the center of the circle rotates and moves;

所述反射构件布置在所述浮板上。The reflective member is disposed on the floating plate.
根据权利要求12所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述蓄水池中还设置有换热管，所述换热管与汽轮机乏汽冷却管路相连。 The arrangement of the concentrating mirror of the tower concentrating system according to claim 12, wherein the water storage tank is further provided with a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube and the steam turbine steam cooling pipeline Connected.
根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，其特征在于，所述旋转装置包括旋转板和以所述接收装置的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心布置的至少一条环形轨道，所述旋转板沿所述环形轨道以所述接收装置的中心点在水平面上的投影点为圆心旋转移动；Arrangement structure of a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said rotating means comprises a rotating plate and a center point of said receiving means is on a horizontal plane The projection point is at least one annular track arranged by the center of the circle, and the rotating plate rotates along the circular track at a projection point of the center point of the receiving device on a horizontal plane;

所述反射构件布置在所述旋转板上。The reflective member is disposed on the rotating plate.
一种塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1至14所述的塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的布置结构，所述塔式聚光***的聚光反射镜的跟踪方法包括：A method for tracking a concentrating mirror of a tower concentrating system, characterized in that the arrangement of concentrating mirrors based on the tower concentrating system according to claims 1 to 14, the tower concentrating system The tracking method of the concentrating mirror includes:

根据太阳方位角度的变化实时调整所述旋转装置的旋转角度，使得所有反射构件统一旋转跟踪太阳方位角；Adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating device in real time according to the change of the azimuth angle of the sun, so that all the reflecting members uniformly rotate and track the sun azimuth;

根据太阳高度角度的变化调整所述转轴的旋转角度，通过所述转轴带动所述反射镜旋转，使得每个所述反射镜均跟踪太阳高度角并将太阳入射光反射至所述接收装置的接收范围内。 Adjusting a rotation angle of the rotating shaft according to a change in a solar height angle, and rotating the mirror by the rotating shaft, so that each of the mirrors tracks a solar elevation angle and reflects solar incident light to the receiving device Within the scope.