WO2017118278A1 - 防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承 - Google Patents

防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017118278A1
WO2017118278A1 PCT/CN2016/111105 CN2016111105W WO2017118278A1 WO 2017118278 A1 WO2017118278 A1 WO 2017118278A1 CN 2016111105 W CN2016111105 W CN 2016111105W WO 2017118278 A1 WO2017118278 A1 WO 2017118278A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
dust
seal assembly
outer ring
ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/111105
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵联春
赵思澄
晏丽明
陈淑英
Original Assignee
上海斐赛轴承科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201620004862.6U external-priority patent/CN205350095U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610002646.2A external-priority patent/CN105465186A/zh
Application filed by 上海斐赛轴承科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海斐赛轴承科技有限公司
Publication of WO2017118278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017118278A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of special dustproof sealing assemblies and special rolling bearings, in particular to a dustproof sealing assembly and a bearing for preventing leakage of fluid from an outer ring sealing groove.
  • the bearing If the bearing is improperly sealed, the lubricant leaks a lot, the bearing works in lean or oil-free lubrication, and the bearing will quickly fail. If the bearing is improperly dust-proof, external foreign matter enters the bearing cavity and pollutes the bearing lubricant, which will be greatly reduced. The lubrication life of the bearing significantly reduces the fatigue life of the bearing. Therefore, dust and sealing have a decisive influence on the operational reliability and operating life of the rolling bearing.
  • Bearings are so strong that the bearings that work under such severe conditions have a greater centrifugal force than the normal operating conditions and therefore accumulate in the outer ring sealing slots, and the risk of lubricant leaking from the outer ring sealing slots is sharp Raise.
  • the current technical metal dust cover and skeleton rubber seal can not significantly reduce or even completely avoid the risk of leakage of lubricant from the outer lip, which has been confirmed by engineering practice, and the reason is not difficult to understand.
  • the metal dust cover relies on the elastic deformation of the beading portion of the outer edge during punching and the outer ring sealing groove to achieve the contact fit, but this is the contact fit between the metal material and the metal material, and the dust cover material is far more than the bearing outer ring.
  • the material is soft, the interference fit is not large, and the interference contact area is relatively small. Moreover, in order to make the punching rive easy and does not cause abnormal deformation of the portion other than the bead at the dust cover, the groove is separated in the circumference of the bead.
  • the skeleton rubber sealing ring relies on the elastic deformation of the outer lip rubber and the outer ring sealing groove to achieve the interference fit, but due to the elasticity of the rubber Very large, flexible, and also makes the leakage of lubricant from the outer ring sealing groove; for the metal ring of the micro-small bearing and the metal two-piece combination seal assembly, the lubricant also exists from the outer ring
  • the hidden danger of leaking the sealing groove is similar to the metal dust cover.
  • Figure 1 is a typical bearing outer ring seal groove shape, composed of three faces, the bottom face, the top face and the front face (also known as the slope face).
  • the current technology dust cover, skeleton rubber seal ring, and the collar are passed through
  • the elastic contact of the face is fixed with the outer ring, and forms a non-contact or contact seal pair with the sealing groove on the inner ring of the bearing or the inner ring, so that the whole bearing has a certain dustproof sealing effect.
  • the outer edge such as dust cover, collar, etc.
  • elastic material it is very soft, and no external force forces it to press on the three faces of the sealing groove. Therefore, there is no outer ring.
  • the sealing groove forms an effective elastic interference contact.
  • 2A is a dust cover of the prior art, which can be roughly divided into an outer edge, an inner edge and a middle portion between the two, and the outer edge can be subdivided into a bottom surface, a top surface and a front surface, respectively corresponding to the outer ring dustproof.
  • the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the groove are punched into the bearing outer ring sealing groove to form a sealed bearing with a dust cover as shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the bearing is composed of the outer ring 21, the inner ring 22 and the rolling body 23
  • the retainer 24, the lubricant 25, and the dust cover 26 are formed.
  • the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the outer edge of the dust cover are respectively in contact with the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the seal groove of the outer ring of the bearing.
  • the dustproof cover 26 is fixed to the bearing outer ring 21. Since the dust cover 26 and the bearing outer ring 21 are generally made of a metal material, their contact areas on the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the sealing groove are not large, the contact is not very solid, and the contact is not elastic.
  • FIG. 3A is a prior art skeleton type rubber sealing ring
  • FIG. 3B is a bearing for mounting the sealing ring.
  • the rubber of the skeleton rubber sealing ring head is mounted on the bearing outer ring by contact with the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the outer ring sealing groove.
  • this contact is a resilient interference contact because the rubber is an elastomer, but since the metal skeleton of the seal does not extend to the head (because it extends to the head, the entire seal cannot enter the seal groove from the groove of the seal groove) Inside, so, the contact force between the head of the seal ring and the elastic interference contact formed by the seal groove is not large.
  • the elastic interference contact will change due to the centrifugal force and the thermal expansion and contraction factors. Elastic interference with little contact force, even into a small gap, fluid The slip agent will enter the gap and leak out.
  • FIG. 4A shows a collar and a retaining ring combination seal used in the prior art micro-small bearing
  • FIG. 4B shows a micro-small bearing with the combined seal.
  • the combination sealing is adopted. It is not difficult to imagine that, like the bearing with dust cover in Figure 2B, due to the lack of elastic interference contact between the combined seal and the outer ring dust groove, the fluid lubricant in the bearing cavity leaks from the outer ring seal groove. Under special working conditions, it becomes inevitable.
  • a dust seal assembly and a bearing that prevent fluid from leaking from the outer ring seal groove, so that the fluid lubricant sealed inside the bearing under any severe working conditions does not leak from the outer ring seal groove It is very urgent and necessary that the fluid medium around the bearing does not penetrate into the bearing cavity from the outer ring sealing groove.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a dustproof seal assembly for preventing fluid from leaking from a bearing groove of a bearing outer ring, so as to solve the problem that the current metal dust cover, the skeleton type rubber seal ring and the like can not prevent the lubricant from being discharged.
  • Technical problem of leakage of bearing outer ring seal groove is to provide a dustproof seal assembly for preventing fluid from leaking from a bearing groove of a bearing outer ring, so as to solve the problem that the current metal dust cover, the skeleton type rubber seal ring and the like can not prevent the lubricant from being discharged.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing for preventing leakage of fluid from a bearing groove of a bearing outer ring, so as to solve the leakage of the lubricant from the outer ring seal groove of the current rolling bearing under certain working conditions and the resulting Leakage lubricants contaminate technical quality problems and safety issues that are several times, dozens of times lower in product and mainframe, bearing operational reliability and operating life.
  • the invention relates to a dustproof sealing assembly for preventing fluid from leaking from a sealing groove of a bearing outer ring, characterized in that: the dustproof sealing assembly is a single composite structure composed of an elastic material bonded to the outer edge of the metal dustproof cover. Or a combination of two or more parts axially concentrically combined, one of which is entirely made of an elastic material or the part is made of a metal material but bonded to the outer edge of the elastic material, inside Arranged, the other part is a collar, placed outside, and the remaining parts are centered.
  • the dustproof sealing assembly is characterized in that: the dustproof sealing assembly of the single composite structure, the metal dustproof cover comprises a pure metal dust cover with an inner edge of an "L" type crimping and an inner edge without
  • the metal crimping is a metal dustproof cover with a rubber sealing lip that bonds the rubber sealing lip by a vulcanization process
  • the elastic material bonded to the outer edge of the metal dustproof cover is preferably an oil-resistant rubber and bonded by a vulcanization process.
  • the dust seal assembly is characterized in that: the dust seal assembly of the combined structure comprises two parts of a flat washer and a metal dust cover made of an elastic material, and the flat washer has an inner dust cover and an outer shaft.
  • the selected elastic material is an oil resistant rubber.
  • the dust seal assembly is characterized in that: the dust seal assembly of the combined structure comprises two parts of a metal ring and a metal ring which is bonded with an elastic material at the outer edge, and the retaining ring is outside the inner ring.
  • the axially concentric arrangement, preferably, the selected elastomeric material is an oil resistant rubber bonded by a vulcanization process.
  • the dust seal assembly is characterized in that: the dust seal assembly of the combined structure comprises three parts of a snap ring, a metal retaining ring and a flat washer made of an elastic material, and the flat washer is centered and the retaining ring is centered.
  • the collar is arranged concentrically in the outer axial direction.
  • the selected elastic material is oil resistant rubber.
  • the dust seal assembly is characterized in that: the outer edge is bonded with a metal dust cover of an elastic material, and the elastic material is bonded on one to all surfaces of the dust cover and the outer ring seal groove of the bearing, The bond strength is increased and the bond site can be extended to a curved surface where the dust cap does not contact the seal groove.
  • the dust seal assembly is characterized in that: the outer edge is bonded with a metal retaining ring of an elastic material, and the elastic material is bonded to one to all surfaces of the outer edge of the retaining ring and the bearing outer ring sealing groove and the collar.
  • the bonding portion may extend to the top of the retaining ring which is not in contact with the sealing groove and the collar.
  • one to all surfaces also referred to as partial or total surfaces, refers to any of the three, and may also refer to any two of the three.
  • a rolling bearing for preventing fluid from leaking from an outer ring sealing groove comprising a bearing outer ring, an inner ring, a rolling element, a retainer, a fluid lubricant and a dust seal assembly, wherein the dust seal assembly is as described
  • the rolling bearing is characterized in that the dustproof sealing assembly mounted thereon is the single composite structure, and the dustproof cover is fixed in the outer ring sealing groove by elastic deformation of the outer edge curling, and the outer edge of the dustproof cover is adhered.
  • the elastic material of the knot is sandwiched between the contact surface of the dust cover and the sealing groove to form a resilient interference contact.
  • the rolling bearing is characterized in that the dustproof sealing assembly mounted thereon is the combined structure, the flat washer made of elastic material is inside, the metal dust cover is outside, and the dust cover is curled by the outer edge.
  • the elastic deformation is fixed in the outer ring sealing groove, and the elastic material flat washer is interposed between the dust cover and the sealing surface of the sealing groove to form a elastic interference contact.
  • the rolling bearing is characterized in that the combined structure of the dustproof sealing assembly mounted thereon has a metal retaining ring which is bonded with an elastic material at the outer edge, and the outer side of the retaining ring is elastically deformed by the collar. It is fixed in the outer ring sealing groove, and the elastic material is interposed between the retaining ring and the sealing groove, the matching surface of the ring and the collar, forming a elastic interference contact.
  • the rolling bearing is characterized in that the dustproof sealing assembly mounted thereon is the combined structure, the flat washer made of elastic material is located inside, the collar is outside, the retaining ring is centered, and the three are elastic by the collar.
  • the deformation is fixed in the outer ring sealing groove, and the elastic material is interposed between the retaining ring and the sealing surface of the sealing groove to form a elastic interference contact.
  • the monomer composite dustproof seal assembly for preventing fluid leakage from the outer ring seal groove is bonded to the outer edge of the current metal dust cover.
  • the elastic material is preferably resistant to oil rubber, such as nitrile rubber, polyacrylate rubber, fluorine.
  • the bonding method is preferably vulcanization. Because the rubber is vulcanized on the outer edge of the dust cover, the selected metal dust cover is the same as the current metal dust cover in terms of material and structure, but the size of the outer edge is corresponding to the vulcanized adhesive rubber.
  • the size of the metal dust cover before hanging the glue is slightly smaller than the current metal dust cover, and the space thickness of the elastic material after being pressed and deformed is left,
  • the rubber is clamped between the top surface of the outer edge of the dust cover and the top surface of the seal groove, and the bottom surface of the outer edge of the dust cover and A resilient interference contact is formed between the bottom surface of the sealing groove, the front edge of the dust cover outer edge and the sealing groove slope surface, thereby preventing the lubricant in the bearing from leaking from the bearing outer ring sealing groove to the outside of the bearing and preventing the bearing outer fluid And the effect of fine dust entering the bearing cavity from the bearing outer ring sealing groove, thereby producing a rolling bearing that prevents fluid from leaking from the bearing outer ring sealing groove.
  • the dustproof sealing assembly of the combined structure for preventing fluid from leaking from the outer ring sealing groove comprises two parts of an axially concentrically arranged metal dust cover and a rubber washer, and the rubber gasket is first laid on the bottom surface of the bearing outer ring sealing groove, Then, a metal dust cover is placed, and after the metal dust cover is molded into the sealing groove, the rubber gasket is pressed and pressed between the dust cover and the sealing groove to form a elastic interference contact, thereby preventing the lubricant in the bearing from being blocked.
  • the bearing outer ring sealing groove leaks to the outside of the bearing and prevents the external fluid and fine dust from entering the bearing inner cavity from the bearing outer ring sealing groove, thereby preparing a rolling bearing for preventing fluid from leaking from the outer ring sealing groove.
  • the dust cover is a metal retaining ring, and the metal retaining ring is locked into the bearing outer ring sealing groove by a metal retaining ring.
  • the metal collar and the metal retaining ring seal assembly do not form a resilient interference contact with the bearing outer ring seal groove, and the fluid cannot be completely prevented from flowing out of the bearing outer ring seal groove. leakage.
  • the dustproof sealing assembly of the invention is also composed of a metal retaining ring and a retaining ring, but the outer edge of the metal retaining ring is vulcanized and bonded to the rubber, so that the metal retaining ring of the outer edge of the metal retaining ring is locked outside the bearing.
  • the rubber is pressed and pressed between the metal retaining ring and the sealing groove and between the metal retaining ring and the metal collar to form a resilient interference contact, which prevents the lubricant in the bearing from being sealed from the bearing outer ring.
  • the notch leaks outside the bearing and prevents the external fluid and fine dust from entering the bearing cavity from the bearing outer ring sealing groove, thereby producing a rolling bearing that prevents fluid from leaking from the outer ring sealing groove.
  • the elastic body needs to be bonded to the portion in contact with the outer ring seal groove, so that the dust seal assembly can be installed between the dust seal assembly and the bearing seal groove after being mounted on the outer ring of the bearing.
  • the bonding can also be extended to the dust seal assembly and the outer ring. The part where the seal groove does not touch.
  • the dust seal assembly of the present invention focuses on preventing leakage of fluid from the outer ring seal groove, that is, focusing on the seal pair formed between the dust seal assembly and the outer ring, and therefore does not exclude and restrict to improve the dust seal.
  • the metal dust cover mentioned in the dust seal assembly of the present invention includes a pure metal dust cover with an "L" type crimp at the inner edge and an "L" type curl at the inner edge. The inner edge of the rubber sealing lip is attached with a metal dust cover.
  • the sealing groove of the fixed dust seal assembly can be designed on both the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing at the same time as the axial space of the bearing allows, and the installation prevents the fluid from sealing the groove from the outer ring.
  • a leak-proof dust seal assembly and a dust seal assembly that prevents fluid from leaking from the inner ring seal groove can produce a rolling bearing with extremely high leakage resistance.
  • the invention prevents the dust seal assembly and the bearing from leaking from the outer ring sealing groove, and the dustproof seal
  • the steels used in the assembly include, but are not limited to, mild steel and stainless steel, and the elastic materials used include, but are not limited to, oil resistant rubber, oil resistant plastic, and oil resistant felt.
  • the present invention prevents the dust seal assembly and the bearing from leaking from the outer ring seal groove, and is suitable for all types, structures, sizes of dust seal assemblies and rolling bearings.
  • Figure 1 shows the bearing outer ring seal groove
  • 2A and 2B are respectively the current technology dust cover and the bearing with the dust cover
  • 3A and 3B are respectively the current technical sealing ring and the bearing with the sealing ring
  • 4A and 4B are respectively the current technical collar, the retaining ring combination seal and the bearing with the seal
  • 5A and 5B are dustproof sealing components for partially and completely bonding rubber of the outer edge of the dustproof cover, respectively.
  • Figure 6 shows the bearing with the outer edge of the dust cover bonded to the rubber dust seal assembly.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B show a dustproof seal assembly in which the outer edge and the inner edge of the dust cover are bonded with rubber.
  • Figure 8 shows the bearing with the rubber dust seal assembly bonded to the outer edge and the inner edge of the dust cover.
  • Figure 9 is a dust seal assembly composed of a dust cover and a rubber flat washer
  • Figure 10 shows the bearing with dust cover and rubber flat washer dust seal assembly
  • 11A and 11B are respectively a dust seal assembly composed of a retaining ring of a collar and an outer edge partially and completely bonding rubber.
  • Figure 12 shows the bearing of the dust seal assembly consisting of the retaining ring of the rubber ring and the outer edge of the rubber.
  • Figure 13 is a dust seal assembly composed of a collar, a retaining ring and a rubber flat washer.
  • Figure 14 shows the bearing of the dust seal assembly consisting of a collar, a retaining ring and a rubber flat washer.
  • the fluid or colloid penetrates into the bearing cavity from the outside through the small gap existing between the sealing component and the outer ring sealing groove, and leaks from the bearing cavity, which not only jeopardizes the running reliability and operating life of the bearing, but also acts on the host or The product brings harm. In serious cases, it may even endanger the safe operation of certain types of main engines such as elevators and thus endanger personal safety. Therefore, it has attracted great attention from relevant engineering fields.
  • the present invention provides a dust seal assembly for preventing leakage of fluid from an outer ring seal groove and a bearing using the same, the basic idea of which is a contact area between the dust cover and the outer ring seal groove of the prior art.
  • the slight gap between the seals prevents the leakage of fluid lubricants in the bearings, such as grease, from the leaks or external fluids from the inside to the bearing cavity, thus preventing some possible hidden dangers caused by lubricant leakage or external foreign matter infiltrating into the bearing. And hazards.
  • Embodiment 1 The dustproof sealing component of the outer edge of the dustproof cover bonding rubber
  • a dustproof sealing assembly is partially bonded to the outer edge of the dustproof cover.
  • the partial bonding means that at least one of the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the outer edge of the dustproof cover is bonded to the oil resistant rubber by a vulcanization process.
  • the bonding surface can be enlarged to the bevel portion of the dust cover, but the adhesive of the bevel surface and the bevel portion of the dust cover does not have a chance to contact the outer ring dust groove of the bearing, as shown in Fig. 5A.
  • the dust seal assembly formed by the bottom surface of the dust cover and the beveled surface is rubber-like.
  • the dust seal assembly is similar in design to the current technical dust cover, except that the bottom surface and the inclined surface of the outer edge of the dust cover are vulcanized.
  • the process is bonded with oil-resistant rubber.
  • the dust-proof seal assembly is pressed into the outer ring seal groove of the bearing through the die, except that the dust seal assembly is pressed into the outer ring seal groove of the bearing, due to the bottom surface.
  • Hanging glue forms a elastic interference contact with the bottom surface of the dust-proof groove, and the fluid lubricant sealed in the inner cavity of the bearing cannot pass through the elastic interference contact area, so there is no chance to leak from the outer ring sealing groove.
  • the external environment in which the bearing operates has a fluid medium through which the fluid medium cannot penetrate into the bearing cavity.
  • the dust seal assembly is a rubber seal member which is all bonded to the outer edge of the dust cover. All the adhesive fingers are bonded to the oil-resistant rubber by the vulcanization process on the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the outer edge of the dust cover. In order to increase the bonding strength, the adhesive surface can be enlarged to the bevel portion of the dust cover, but the adhesive of the bevel and the bevel portion of the dust cover does not have a chance to contact the outer ring dust groove of the bearing.
  • the dust seal assembly is similar in design to the current technology dust cover, except that the oil seal rubber is bonded to the outer edge of the dust cover by a vulcanization process, and the dust seal assembly passes the same as the current technology dust cover.
  • the die is pressed into the outer ring sealing groove of the bearing, but after the dust seal assembly is pressed into the sealing groove of the outer ring of the bearing, the outer edge of the dustproof groove forms a elastic interference contact with the bottom surface, the top surface and the front surface of the dustproof groove.
  • the fluid lubricant sealed in the bearing cavity cannot pass through these elastic interference contact areas, so there is no chance to leak from the outer ring sealing groove.
  • the bearing works in the external environment with fluid medium, the fluid medium cannot pass through these.
  • the elastic interference contact area penetrates into the bearing cavity.
  • Embodiment 2 the bearing of the rubber dustproof seal assembly is bonded by the outer edge of the dust cover
  • the bearing shown in FIG. 6 includes a bearing outer ring 61, an inner ring 62, a rolling element 63, a retainer 64, a grease 65 and a dust seal assembly 66.
  • the dust seal assembly 66 is the dust cover of the first embodiment.
  • the dust-tight sealing component of the edge-bonding rubber is a dust-proof sealing component which is bonded to the bottom surface of the outer edge of the dust-proof cover as shown in FIG. 5A, and the dust-proof sealing component 66 is pressed into the outer ring 61 by the die. In the groove, an interference contact is formed on the bottom surface, the top surface, and the front surface.
  • Embodiment 3 the dustproof sealing component of the outer edge and the inner edge of the dustproof cover are bonded with rubber
  • the current technical dust cover is an "L" type bead at the inner edge, and the bead and the inner ring of the bearing or the sealing groove form a dust seal pair, but the dust seal pair It can only be non-contact, and the ability and effect of dustproof sealing is limited.
  • the inner edge of the dust cover can be removed, and the oil-resistant rubber can be bonded by the vulcanization process at the inner edge.
  • These rubber sealing lips can be combined with the inner ring of the bearing.
  • the edge or the sealing groove forms a labyrinth and contact seal.
  • the glue should be attached to the outer edge of the dust cover. Therefore, in order to simultaneously improve the dustproof sealing ability between the dust seal assembly and the bearing outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing, it is necessary to simultaneously bond the rubber to the outer edge and the inner edge of the dust cover by a vulcanization process, if the bearing is not large, The glue can be attached to the side of the dust cover.
  • Figure 7A shows the dust-proof seal assembly with the inner and outer edges of the dust cover bonded to the rubber, but the rubber is not bonded to the middle, which is suitable for the dust seal assembly with a relatively large size.
  • Figure 7B shows the dust cover.
  • the dust seal assembly of the side-body bonded rubber is suitable for a dust seal assembly of a small size.
  • the dust cap has no inner edge crimping and is instead a rubber sealing lip.
  • the dustproof sealing assembly is punched into the bearing outer ring sealing groove through the die, and forms an elastic interference contact between the outer edge of the dustproof cover and the bearing outer ring sealing groove, and the rubber sealing lip and the inner ring rib at the inner edge of the dustproof cover A contact seal is formed between them.
  • the bearing with the outer edge and the inner edge of the dust cover is bonded to the rubber dust seal assembly.
  • the bearing shown in FIG. 8 includes an outer ring 81, an inner ring 82, rolling elements 83, a retainer 84, a grease 85, and a dust seal assembly 86, 86 which are the one side of the dust cover described in the third embodiment of FIG. A rubber dust seal assembly.
  • the dust seal assembly 86 is pressed into the seal groove of the outer ring 81 through the mold, and forms a elastic interference contact with the seal groove surface of the outer ring 81 at the outer edge of the dust cover of the dust seal assembly 86, thereby preventing the bearing from being worn.
  • the inner grease 85 leaks outward from the sealing groove of the outer ring 81; at the same time, the rubber sealing lip of the inner edge portion of the dustproof cover of the dust seal assembly 86 forms a labyrinth contact seal with the rib of the inner ring 82 of the bearing, which is large.
  • the amplitude increases the dust-tight sealing ability of the bearing inner ring seal pair.
  • Dustproof The bearing of the one-piece body-bonded rubber dust seal assembly on the cover side also has the ability to prevent fluid or dust media outside the bearing from penetrating into the interior of the bearing.
  • Embodiment 5 dustproof sealing component composed of dustproof cover and rubber flat washer
  • the dust seal assembly comprises a dust cover and a rubber flat washer, the dust cover is outside, the rubber flat washer is placed inside, the two are kept axially concentric, and the outer diameter of the rubber flat washer is not less than the outer diameter.
  • the diameter of the rib of the ring is 0.5 mm, which is not greater than the sum of the top diameter of the outer ring seal groove, the width of the two groove tops, and the length of the two slope faces.
  • the dust cover is fixed in the outer ring seal groove, and the rubber flat washer is also fixed at the same time.
  • the elastic interference contact is formed at the contact portion of the dust cover, the rubber flat washer and the bearing outer ring seal groove.
  • Embodiment 6 the bearing of the dust seal assembly using the dust cover and the rubber flat washer
  • the bearing includes an outer ring 101, an inner ring 102, a rolling element 103, a retainer 104, a grease 105, and a dust seal assembly 106.
  • the dust seal assembly 106 is made of rubber as described in the fifth embodiment.
  • the gasket 1061 and the dust cover 1062 are composed.
  • the outer diameter of the rubber flat washer 1061 is not less than the diameter of the rib of the outer ring plus 0.5 mm, not larger than the diameter of the outer ring seal groove top, the width of the two groove tops, and the length of the two slope faces.
  • the rubber flat washer 1061 and the bearing outer ring 101 are axially concentrically placed in the bearing outer ring sealing groove, and then the dust cover 1062 is punched into the bearing outer ring sealing groove by the mold, and the rubber flat washer 1061 is clamped.
  • a resilient interference contact is formed between the dust cap 1062 and the seal groove of the outer ring 101, thereby preventing the grease 105 in the bearing from leaking out of the seal groove of the bearing outer ring 101.
  • Embodiment 7 a dustproof sealing assembly composed of a retaining ring of a rubber ring and a rubber edge of the outer edge
  • the retaining ring and the retaining ring are sealed, and the retaining ring is placed in the sealing groove.
  • the collar is fixed in the outer ring sealing groove, and the retaining ring is fixed in the sealing groove, and the retaining ring has the effect of dustproof sealing.
  • the fluid lubricant sealed inside the bearing leaks from the bearing groove of the bearing outer ring under severe working conditions.
  • the present invention passes the vulcanization at the outer edge of the retaining ring. Process bonding oil resistant rubber.
  • 11A is a dust seal assembly composed of a retaining ring of a rubber ring and a rubber edge on the outer edge of the outer edge.
  • the retaining ring is located inside and the collar is outside, and the two are axially concentric.
  • the dust seal assembly is mounted on the outer ring of the bearing. After the middle, the rubber adhered to the bottom surface of the retaining ring forms a resilient interference contact with the bottom surface of the outer ring seal groove.
  • Figure 11B is a dust seal assembly composed of a retaining ring of a rubber ring and a bottom edge, a top surface and an outer surface which are bonded with rubber.
  • the retaining ring is located inside and the retaining ring is outside, and the two axial axes are concentric, and the dust seal assembly is installed.
  • the rubber adhered to the bottom surface of the retaining ring forms a resilient interference contact with the bottom surface of the outer ring seal groove.
  • the rubber and the collar and the sealing groove which are bonded to the top surface of the retaining ring form elastic interference contact.
  • Embodiment 8 is a bearing of a dust seal assembly composed of a rubber ring and a rubber ring
  • the bearing includes an outer ring 121, an inner ring 122, rolling elements 123, a retainer 124, a grease 125, and a dust seal assembly 126, wherein the dust seal assembly 126 is as shown in FIG. 11A of the seventh embodiment.
  • the utility model comprises a retaining ring 1261 and a collar 1262 which bond rubber at the outer edge, and the collar 1262 fixes itself and the retaining ring 1261 in the sealing groove of the outer ring 121 by elastic deformation, the part where the outer edge of the retaining ring is glued, and the outer ring
  • the sealing groove of 121 forms a resilient interference contact such that the grease 125 within the bearing does not have a chance to leak from the sealing groove of the bearing outer ring 121.
  • Embodiment 9 dustproof sealing assembly composed of a collar, a retaining ring and a rubber flat washer
  • the dustproof sealing assembly is composed of a collar, a retaining ring and a rubber flat washer.
  • the rubber flat washer is located inside and the collar is outside, and the retaining ring is arranged concentrically in the center axial direction, and is placed in the bearing sealing groove. It is a rubber flat washer, retaining ring, and retaining ring.
  • the retaining ring is fixed in the outer ring sealing groove by elastic deformation, and the retaining ring and the rubber flat washer are also fixed in the outer ring sealing groove, and the retaining ring and the rubber A resilient interference contact is formed between the gasket and the rubber gasket and the bottom surface of the outer ring seal groove.
  • Embodiment 10 a bearing of a dust seal assembly composed of a collar, a retaining ring and a rubber flat washer
  • the bearing includes an outer ring 141, an inner ring 142, rolling elements 143, a retainer 144, a grease 145, and a dust seal assembly 146, wherein the dust seal assembly 146 is flattened by rubber as described in the ninth embodiment.
  • the gasket 1461, the retaining ring 1462, the collar 1463, the collar 1463 fixes itself, the retaining ring 1462 and the rubber flat washer 1461 in the sealing groove of the outer ring 141 by elastic deformation, the retaining ring 1462 and the rubber washer 1461, the rubber washer 1461 and A resilient interference contact is formed between the bottom surfaces of the outer ring 141 and the resilient interference contact prevents leakage of the grease 145 from the sealing groove of the bearing outer ring 141.

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Abstract

防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件（66，86，106，126，146）和轴承，该防尘密封组件（66，86，106，126，146）的典型结构是在现有防尘盖卷边部分的底面、顶面和前面至少有一处粘挂耐油性弹性材料，将该防尘密封组件（66，86，106，126，146）冲压入轴承外圈（61，81，101，121，141）密封槽中后，由于弹性材料的存在，防尘密封组件（66，86，106，126，146）和密封槽形成弹性过盈接触，从而可以防止轴承内部的流体润滑剂（65，85，105，125，145）从外圈密封槽口泄露、轴承周围的流体从外圈密封槽口侵入轴承内腔，大幅度提高了轴承的防尘密封性能，从而显著提高轴承的运行可靠度和运行寿命，对外圈旋转轴承、高加/减速工况条件下运行的轴承效果尤其显著，非常具有工程实际意义。

Description

防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承 技术领域
本发明涉及特种防尘密封组件和特种滚动轴承技术领域，特别涉及防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承。
背景技术
如果轴承密封不当，润滑剂大量泄漏，轴承在贫油或无油润滑状态下工作，轴承将很快失效；如果轴承防尘不当，外部异物进入轴承内腔，污染轴承润滑剂，将大幅度降低轴承的润滑寿命，从而显著降低轴承的疲劳寿命，因此说，防尘和密封对滚动轴承的运行可靠度和运行寿命具有决定性的影响。
在轴承的防尘密封方面，相关领域的理论研究者和工程技术人员已经做了大量的努力，通过设计迷宫结构、多唇密封、接触式乃至重接触式密封，基本能够避免润滑剂从防尘密封件与轴承内圈组成的密封副处泄漏。但随着主机向更高速、极限化方向发展，工程实际中，发现润滑脂从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的案例越来越多，尤以外圈旋转轴承、高加/减速环境下工作的轴承为甚，在这样苛刻工况下工作的轴承，相比正常工况，润滑剂受到更大的离心力并因此向外圈密封槽口集聚，润滑剂从外圈密封槽口处泄漏的风险急剧升高。现行技术金属防尘盖和骨架式橡胶密封圈都不能显著降低甚至完全避免润滑剂从外唇口泄漏的风险，这已经被工程实际所证实，原因也不难理解。金属防尘盖，依靠冲压时外缘卷边部位的弹性变形和外圈密封槽口实现接触配合，但这是金属材料和金属材料之间的接触配合，且防尘盖材质远比轴承外圈材质软，接触配合的过盈量不大，过盈接触面积也比较小，而且，为了使冲压铆合容易和不引起防尘盖处卷边以外部位的异常变形，在卷边圆周等分开槽，所有这些，都为润滑剂从外圈密封槽口泄露埋下隐患；骨架式橡胶密封圈，依靠外唇口橡胶的弹性变形和外圈密封槽口实现过盈配合，但是，由于橡胶的弹性很大，柔韧性很好，也使润滑剂从外圈密封槽口的泄漏成为可能；针对微小型轴承的金属挡圈加金属卡圈的2件组合式密封组件，润滑剂同样存在从外圈密封槽口泄露的隐患，具体原因与金属防尘盖类似。
由于流体，尤其是存在一定黏度的润滑油和润滑脂，在金属表面的爬附效应很强，如上分析原因，在轴承外圈旋转、高加/减速等特殊工况下，现行防尘密封组件金属防尘盖、骨架式橡胶密封圈、金属挡圈加金属卡圈组合件等都难以阻挡其从轴承外圈密封槽口处往外渗漏，这也已经被工程实践所证 实。渗漏的润滑剂不仅污染主机和在制品，而且大幅度降低了轴承的运行可靠度、成几倍、几十倍地缩短了轴承的使用寿命。因此，发明一种能够阻止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承具有非常重要的工程实际意义。
图1是典型的轴承外圈密封槽形状，由三个面组成，底面、顶面和前面(又称斜坡面)，现行技术防尘盖、骨架式橡胶密封圈、卡圈就是通过与这三个面的弹性接触从而与外圈固定在一起，与轴承内圈挡边或内圈上的密封槽形成非接触式或接触式密封副，从而使整套轴承具有一定的防尘密封效果。但由于外缘处不带弹性材料(如防尘盖、卡圈等)或虽带弹性材料但非常柔软，没有外力强迫其压牢在密封槽的三个面上，因此，都没有与外圈密封槽形成有效的弹性过盈接触。
图2A为现有技术防尘盖，大体可分为外缘、内缘和介于两者之间的中部，外缘又可以细分为底面、顶面及前面，分别对应于外圈防尘槽的底面、顶面和前面，将防尘盖冲压入轴承外圈密封槽中，形成如图2B所示的带防尘盖密封轴承，该轴承由外圈21、内圈22、滚动体23、保持器24、润滑剂25、防尘盖26所组成，可以看出防尘盖外缘卷边的底面、顶面和前面分别与轴承外圈密封槽的底面、顶面和前面形成接触，从而将防尘盖26与轴承外圈21固定在一起。由于防尘盖26与轴承外圈21一般都是金属材料，它们在密封槽底面、顶面、前面的接触，其接触区域并不会很大，接触也不会非常实落，其接触并非弹性过盈，再加上制造误差的存在，沿圆周方向总体呈现接触的情况下，在局部极有可能存在间隙，而且在轴承旋转过程中，由于离心力和热胀冷缩效应，非工作状态下相接触的这些部位，在工作状态下也极有可能出现脱离接触，形成间隙，由于注入轴承内腔的流体润滑剂比如润滑脂，其基础油具有黏性，爬附性很强，就会从这些微小间隙中不断渗漏，严重危及轴承的运行可靠度、运行寿命、在制品和主机的性能，对电梯等某些主机，这种渗漏还有可能危及运行及人身安全。
图3A为现有技术骨架式橡胶密封圈，图3B为装此密封圈的轴承，骨架式橡胶密封圈头部的橡胶通过与外圈密封槽底面、顶面和前面的接触安装在轴承外圈上，这个接触由于橡胶是弹性体，是弹性过盈接触，但由于密封圈的金属骨架并没有延伸到头部(因为延伸到头部的话，整个密封圈就无法从密封槽槽口进入密封槽里面了)，所以，密封圈头部与密封槽形成的弹性过盈接触的接触力是不大的，在运转过程中，受离心力和热胀冷缩因素的影响，弹性过盈接触就会变成接触力很小的弹性过盈，甚至变为微小间隙，流体润 滑剂就会乘隙而入，渗漏出来。
图4A为现有技术微小型轴承采用的卡圈、挡圈组合密封，图4B为带该组合密封的微小型轴承。为防止冲压防尘盖和骨架式橡胶密封圈时的力导致微小型轴承的外圈变形和精度变化，故而采用此组合密封。不难想象，同图2B带防尘盖的轴承一样，由于组合密封和外圈防尘槽之间并没有形成弹性过盈接触，轴承内腔流体润滑剂从外圈密封槽口的泄露在一些特殊工况条件下，就变得不可避免。
因此，提供一种防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承，使得轴承在任何苛刻的工况条件下密封在内的流体润滑剂都不会从外圈密封槽口泄露，轴承周边的流体介质也不会从外圈密封槽口渗入轴承内腔，就显得十分迫切和必要。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种防止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，以解决现行金属防尘盖、骨架式橡胶密封圈等防尘密封组件不能阻止润滑剂从轴承外圈密封槽渗漏的技术问题。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种防止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承，以解决现行滚动轴承在一定工况条件下存在的润滑剂从外圈密封槽渗漏以及由此引发的渗漏润滑剂污染在制品和主机、轴承运行可靠度和运行寿命成几倍、几十倍降低的技术质量问题和安全问题。
本发明是一种防止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，其特征在于：所述防尘密封组件是由金属防尘盖外缘粘结弹性材料组成的单体复合结构，或是由两个或两个以上零件轴向同心组合而成的组合结构，其中一个零件完全由弹性材料制成或该零件由金属材料制成但在其外缘粘结弹性材料，靠内布置，另一个零件为卡圈，靠外布置，剩余零件居中布置。
所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的单体复合结构的防尘密封组件，金属防尘盖包括内缘为“L”型卷边的纯金属防尘盖和内缘不带金属卷边而是通过硫化工艺粘结橡胶密封唇的带橡胶密封唇金属防尘盖，金属防尘盖外缘粘结的弹性材料，较优地，为耐油橡胶，通过硫化工艺粘结。
所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括弹性材料制成的平垫圈和金属防尘盖两个零件，平垫圈靠内防尘盖靠外轴 向同心布置，较优地，所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶。
所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括卡圈和外边缘处粘结弹性材料的金属挡圈两个零件，挡圈靠内卡圈靠外轴向同心布置，较优地，所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶，通过硫化工艺粘结。
所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括卡圈、金属挡圈和弹性材料制成的平垫圈三个零件，平垫圈靠内、挡圈居中、卡圈靠外轴向同心布置，较优地，所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶。
所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述外缘粘结弹性材料的金属防尘盖，弹性材料粘结在防尘盖与轴承外圈密封槽相接触的一个至全部表面上，为提高粘结强度，粘结部位可延伸至防尘盖并不与密封槽相接触的折弯表面上。
所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述外缘粘结弹性材料的金属挡圈，弹性材料粘结在挡圈外缘与轴承外圈密封槽和卡圈相接触的一个至全部表面上，为提高粘结强度，粘结部位可延伸至挡圈并不与密封槽和卡圈接触的顶部上。接触表面有三个，前、顶、底。因此，一个至全部表面，也可称为部分或全部表面，是指三个中的任意一个，也可以指三个中的任意两个。
一种防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承，包括轴承外圈、内圈、滚动体、保持器、流体润滑剂和防尘密封组件，其特征在于，防尘密封组件是所述的防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，该防尘密封组件通过与外圈密封槽口的径向或/和轴向过盈接触安装在轴承外圈上。
所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是所述的单体复合结构，防尘盖通过外缘卷边的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，防尘盖外缘粘结的弹性材料夹衬在防尘盖与密封槽的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是所述的组合结构，弹性材料制成的平垫圈靠内、金属防尘盖靠外，防尘盖通过外缘卷边的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，弹性材料平垫圈夹衬在防尘盖与密封槽的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件所述的组合结构，外边缘处粘结弹性材料的金属挡圈靠内，卡圈靠外，两者靠卡圈的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，弹性材料夹衬在挡圈与密封槽、档圈与卡圈的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是所述的组合结构，弹性材料制成的平垫圈靠内、卡圈靠外、挡圈居中，三者靠卡圈的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，弹性材料夹衬在挡圈与密封槽的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
防止流体从外圈密封槽渗漏的单体复合防尘密封组件，是在现行金属防尘盖外缘处粘结弹性材料，弹性材料优选耐油橡胶，比如丁晴橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、氟橡胶等，粘结方式优选硫化。因为要在防尘盖外缘硫化粘结橡胶，因此，所选金属防尘盖尽管在材料和结构形式上同现行金属防尘盖一样，但外缘部位的尺寸要因硫化粘结橡胶而进行相应调整，比如，在外圈密封槽尺寸不变的情况下，金属防尘盖挂胶前的尺寸就要比现行金属防尘盖略小，已留出弹性材料受压变形后的厚度的空间，以保证硫化工艺简单高效和该防尘密封组件通过冲压方式压装入轴承外圈密封槽中后，橡胶夹在防尘盖外缘顶面和密封槽顶面之间、防尘盖外缘底面和密封槽底面之间、防尘盖外缘前面和密封槽斜坡面之间，形成弹性过盈接触，起到阻止轴承内润滑剂从轴承外圈密封槽口往轴承外渗漏和阻止轴承外流体和微细粉尘从轴承外圈密封槽口进入轴承内腔的效果，从而制得防止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承。
防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括轴向同心布置的金属防尘盖和橡胶垫圈两个零件，橡胶垫圈先铺衬在轴承外圈密封槽底面上，然后放入金属防尘盖，金属防尘盖模压入密封槽中后，橡胶垫圈就被挤压贴实在防尘盖和密封槽之间，形成弹性过盈接触，起到阻止轴承内润滑剂从轴承外圈密封槽口往轴承外泄漏和阻止轴承外流体和微细粉尘从轴承外圈密封槽口进入轴承内腔的效果，从而制得防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承。
防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的组合结构的防尘密封组件，对微小型轴承，为避免防尘盖冲压引起的轴承外圈和整套轴承的精度劣化问题，现行技术往往不采用卷边式防尘盖，而是采用金属挡圈，并用金属卡圈将金属挡圈锁入轴承外圈密封槽中。金属卡圈加金属挡圈密封组件，与轴承外圈密封槽之间没有形成弹性过盈接触，就不能完全阻止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口往外 渗漏。本发明防尘密封组件，同样由金属卡圈和挡圈组成，但在金属挡圈的外缘通过硫化粘结橡胶，这样，在金属卡圈将外缘挂胶的金属挡圈锁入轴承外圈密封槽中后，橡胶就被挤压贴实在金属挡圈与密封槽之间以及金属挡圈和金属卡圈之间，形成弹性过盈接触，起到阻止轴承内润滑剂从轴承外圈密封槽口往轴承外泄漏和阻止轴承外流体和微细粉尘从轴承外圈密封槽口进入轴承内腔的效果，从而制得防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承。
本发明防尘密封组件，弹性体需粘结在和外圈密封槽相接触的部位，这样，在防尘密封组件安装在轴承外圈上后，才能在防尘密封组件和轴承密封槽之间形成弹性过盈接触，从而防止流体润滑剂从外圈密封槽口处往外渗漏，当然，为了提高粘结强度和粘结工艺方便，也可将粘结延伸到防尘密封组件上和外圈密封槽并不接触的部位。
本发明防尘密封组件，着眼于防止流体从外圈密封槽口处渗漏，即着眼于防尘密封组件与外圈之间形成的密封副，因此，并不排斥和限制为提高防尘密封组件与内圈之间形成的密封副的防尘密封能力而采取的各种技术措施和手段。例如，本发明防尘密封组件中所提到的金属防尘盖就包括了内缘处带“L”型卷边的纯金属防尘盖和内缘处不带“L”型卷边而带橡胶密封唇的内缘挂胶金属防尘盖。
也可依照上述阻止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件的技术原理，制得阻止流体从内圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，这时，需要在内圈上开设固定防尘密封组件所需要的密封槽，需要制作内缘粘结弹性材料的防尘密封组件，使防尘密封组件安装入轴承内圈密封槽中后，在防尘密封组件和内圈密封槽之间形成弹性过盈接触，从而防止流体从内圈密封槽口处渗漏，当轴承安装阻止流体从内圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件时，就制得防止流体从内圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承。如果轴承防渗漏性能要求极高，在轴承轴向空间允许的情况下，可以同时在轴承外圈和内圈上设计加工固定防尘密封组件的密封槽，同时安装阻止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和阻止流体从内圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，就可制得防渗漏性能极高的滚动轴承。
本发明阻止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承，防尘密封 组件中用到的钢材包括但不限于低碳钢和不锈钢，用到的弹性材料包括但不限于耐油橡胶、耐油塑料、耐油毛毡。
本发明阻止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承，适合与所有类型、结构、尺寸的防尘密封组件和滚动轴承。
附图说明
图1为轴承外圈密封槽
图2A、图2B分别为现行技术防尘盖及带该防尘盖的轴承
图3A、图3B分别为现行技术密封圈及带该密封圈的轴承
图4A、图4B分别为现行技术卡圈、挡圈组合密封及带该密封的轴承
图5A、图5B分别为防尘盖外缘局部及全部粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件
图6为采用防尘盖外缘粘结橡胶防尘密封组件的轴承
图7A、图7B为防尘盖外缘和内缘均粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件
图8为采用防尘盖外缘和内缘均粘结橡胶防尘密封组件的轴承
图9为防尘盖和橡胶平垫圈组成的防尘密封组件
图10为采用防尘盖和橡胶平垫圈防尘密封组件的轴承
图11A、11B分别为卡圈与外缘局部及全部粘结橡胶的挡圈组成的防尘密封组件
图12为采用卡圈与外缘粘结橡胶的挡圈组成的防尘密封组件的轴承
图13为卡圈、挡圈、橡胶平垫圈组成的防尘密封组件
图14为采用卡圈、挡圈、橡胶平垫圈组成的防尘密封组件的轴承
具体实施方式
在轴承外圈旋转、存在高的加速/减速等苛刻工况条件下，由于离心力的影响，轴承内的润滑脂或润滑脂中的基础油会往轴承外圈密封槽口处聚集，并因为流体润滑剂的粘附性和爬附性而从外圈密封槽口渗出或泄露，导致轴承提前失效。当然在轴承周边存在外部流体介质的情况下，这些流体介质也极有可能从轴承外圈密封槽口处渗入轴承内腔，一旦发生，污染轴承内腔的润滑剂，同样会导致轴承早期失效。流体或胶体通过密封组件同外圈密封槽之间存在的微小间隙从外部渗入轴承内腔或从轴承内腔泄露出来，不仅会危及轴承的运行可靠度和运行寿命，而且还会对主机或在制品带来危害，严重时，甚至会危及到电梯等某些类型主机的安全运行并进而危及人身安全，因此，已经引起相关工程领域的高度重视。
本发明提供一种防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和采用这种密封组件的轴承，其基本思路就是在类似现行技术防尘盖和外圈密封槽之间的接触区域布置弹性体，比如橡胶，使防尘密封组件和外圈密封槽在底面、顶面和前面三个面至少一个面之间形成弹性过盈接触，从而彻底堵塞防尘密封组件同外圈密封槽之间的微小间隙，杜绝轴承内流体润滑剂如润滑脂从此处的泄露或外部流体从此处往轴承内腔的渗入，从而杜绝因润滑剂泄露或外部异物渗入轴承而引发的一些列可能的隐患及危害。
以下结合附图，详细说明本发明。
实施例一，防尘盖外缘粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件
如图5A所示，为防尘盖外缘局部粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件，局部粘结指在防尘盖外缘的底面、顶面和前面至少有一处通过硫化工艺粘结耐油橡胶，当然，为增加粘结强度，可以将粘结面扩大到防尘盖斜面部分，但防尘盖斜面及斜面部分的粘胶并无机会和轴承外圈防尘槽接触，图5A给出的是防尘盖底面和斜面粘结橡胶形成的防尘密封组件，该防尘密封组件在设计上同现行技术防尘盖非常相似，所不同的就是在防尘盖外缘的底面和斜面上通过硫化工艺粘结了耐油橡胶，该防尘密封组件和现行技术防尘盖一样，通过冲模压入轴承外圈密封槽中，只不过该防尘密封组件压入轴承外圈密封槽中后，由于底面挂胶，和防尘槽底面形成弹性过盈接触，密封在轴承内腔的流体润滑剂由于无法通过该弹性过盈接触区域，因此没有机会从外圈密封槽口处泄露，同理，如果轴承工作的外部环境有流体介质，流体介质同样无法通过该弹性过盈接触区域渗入轴承内腔。
如图5B所示，为防尘盖外缘全部粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件，全部粘结指在防尘盖外缘的底面、顶面和前面全部通过硫化工艺粘结耐油橡胶，当然，为增加粘结强度，可以将粘胶面扩大到防尘盖斜面部分，但防尘盖斜面及斜面部分的粘胶并无机会和轴承外圈防尘槽接触。该防尘密封组件在设计上同现行技术防尘盖非常相似，所不同的就是在防尘盖外缘通过硫化工艺粘结了耐油橡胶，该防尘密封组件和现行技术防尘盖一样，通过冲模压入轴承外圈密封槽中，只不过该防尘密封组件压入轴承外圈密封槽中后，由于外缘挂胶，和防尘槽底面、顶面、前面均形成弹性过盈接触，密封在轴承内腔的流体润滑剂由于无法通过这些弹性过盈接触区域，因此没有机会从外圈密封槽口处泄露，同理，如果轴承工作的外部环境有流体介质，流体介质同样无法通过这些弹性过盈接触区域渗入轴承内腔。
实施例二，采用防尘盖外缘粘结橡胶防尘密封组件的轴承
图6所示轴承，包括轴承外圈61、内圈62、滚动体63、保持器64、润滑脂65和防尘密封组件66，防尘密封组件66就是实施例一所述的防尘盖外缘粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件，本实施采用的是图5A所示的在防尘盖外缘底面粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件，防尘密封组件66通过模具压入外圈61的密封槽中，在底面、顶面、前面形成过盈接触，但由于防尘密封组件66在底面挂胶，因此，与外圈61密封槽的底面形成的是弹性过盈接触，由于该弹性过盈接触的存在，该轴承即便运行在非常苛刻的工况环境下，润滑脂65也没有可能从轴承外圈61的密封槽处往轴承外泄漏，从而保证了轴承乃至主机的运行可靠度和运行寿命。
实施例三，防尘盖外缘和内缘均粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件
现行技术防尘盖，如图2A所示，在内缘处，是一个“L”型卷边，该卷边和轴承内圈挡边或密封槽形成防尘密封副，但该防尘密封副只能是非接触式的，防尘密封的能力和效果有限。为了提高其与轴承内圈之间的防尘密封能力，可以将防尘盖内缘的卷边拿掉，在内缘处通过硫化工艺粘结耐油橡胶，这些橡胶密封唇可以与轴承内圈挡边或密封槽形成迷宫式、接触式密封。如实施例一和实施例二所述，为提高防尘密封组件与轴承外圈之间的防尘密封能力，需在防尘盖外缘挂胶。因此，为同时提高防尘密封组件与轴承外圈和轴承内圈之间的防尘密封能力，需要同时在防尘盖外缘和内缘通过硫化工艺粘结橡胶，如果轴承不是很大，就可以在防尘盖一侧通体挂胶。
图7A给出了防尘盖内缘和外缘均粘结橡胶，但中部没有粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件，适合于尺寸比较大的防尘密封组件；图7B给出了防尘盖一侧通体粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件，适合于尺寸不大的防尘密封组件。从图7A和7B可以看出，防尘盖没有了内缘卷边，取而代之的是橡胶密封唇。该防尘密封组件通过模具冲入轴承外圈密封槽中，在防尘盖外缘和轴承外圈密封槽间形成弹性过盈接触，在防尘盖内缘橡胶密封唇和内圈挡边之间形成接触式密封。
实施例四，采用防尘盖外缘和内缘均粘结橡胶防尘密封组件的轴承
图8所示轴承，包括外圈81、内圈82、滚动体83、保持器84、润滑脂85和防尘密封组件86，86就是实施例三图7B所述的防尘盖一侧通体粘结橡胶的防尘密封组件。防尘密封组件86通过模具压入外圈81的密封槽中，并在防尘密封组件86的防尘盖外缘挂胶处与外圈81的密封槽面形成弹性过盈接触，从而防止轴承内的润滑脂85从外圈81的密封槽处往外渗漏；同时防尘密封组件86的防尘盖内缘部位的橡胶密封唇与轴承内圈82的挡边间形成迷宫式接触密封，大幅度提高了轴承内圈密封副的防尘密封能力。采用防尘 盖一侧通体粘结橡胶防尘密封组件的轴承同样具有阻止轴承外面的流体或粉尘介质渗入轴承内部的能力。
实施例五，防尘盖和橡胶平垫圈组成的防尘密封组件
如图9所示，该防尘密封组件包括一个防尘盖和一个橡胶平垫圈，防尘盖靠外，橡胶平垫圈靠里，两者保持轴向同心，橡胶平垫圈的外径不小于外圈的挡边直径加上0.5毫米，不大于外圈密封槽槽顶直径、2个槽顶宽度、2个斜坡面长度之和，该防尘密封组件往轴承外圈密封槽中的安装顺序如下：先将橡胶平垫圈放入轴承外圈密封槽中，然后用模具冲入防尘盖，这时，防尘盖在把自己固定在外圈密封槽中的同时，也把橡胶平垫圈固定在防尘盖和轴承外圈密封槽之间，并在防尘盖、橡胶平垫圈、轴承外圈密封槽三者的接触部位形成弹性过盈接触。
实施例六，采用防尘盖和橡胶平垫圈防尘密封组件的轴承
如图10所示，轴承包括外圈101、内圈102、滚动体103、保持器104、润滑脂105、防尘密封组件106，其中防尘密封组件106如实施例五所述，由橡胶平垫圈1061和防尘盖1062组成，橡胶平垫圈1061的外径不小于外圈的挡边直径加上0.5毫米，不大于外圈密封槽槽顶直径、2个槽顶宽度、2个斜坡面长度之和。装配时，先将橡胶平垫圈1061与轴承外圈101轴向同心放入轴承外圈密封槽中，然后用模具将防尘盖1062冲入轴承外圈密封槽中，橡胶平垫圈1061被夹持在防尘盖1062和外圈101的密封槽之间，形成弹性过盈接触，从而防止轴承内的润滑脂105从轴承外圈101的密封槽处泄漏出来。
实施例七，卡圈与外缘粘结橡胶的挡圈组成的防尘密封组件
对微小型轴承密封，为避免防尘盖或骨架式橡胶密封圈压入外圈密封槽中时引起的外圈变形和精度劣化，采用挡圈加卡圈的密封方式，挡圈放入密封槽中后放入卡圈，卡圈在将自身固定在外圈密封槽中的同时，将挡圈固定在密封槽中，挡圈起到防尘密封的效果。这样的防尘密封组件，在苛刻的工况条件下，轴承内密封的流体润滑剂会从轴承外圈密封槽处渗漏出来，为避免这种风险，本发明在挡圈的外缘通过硫化工艺粘结耐油橡胶。
图11A为卡圈和外缘底面粘结橡胶的挡圈组成的防尘密封组件，挡圈靠里，卡圈靠外，两者轴向同心，该防尘密封组件安装在轴承外圈密封槽中后，挡圈底面粘结的橡胶和外圈密封槽底面形成弹性过盈接触。
图11B为卡圈和外缘底面、顶面、外面均粘结橡胶的挡圈组成的防尘密封组件，挡圈靠里，卡圈靠外，两者轴向同心，该防尘密封组件安装在轴承外圈密封槽中后，挡圈底面粘结的橡胶和外圈密封槽底面形成弹性过盈接触， 挡圈外面和顶面粘结的橡胶和卡圈、密封槽形成弹性过盈接触。
实施例八，采用卡圈与外缘粘结橡胶挡圈组成的防尘密封组件的轴承
如图12所示，轴承包括外圈121、内圈122、滚动体123、保持器124、润滑脂125、防尘密封组件126，其中防尘密封组件126如实施例七的图11A所示，包括外缘处粘结橡胶的挡圈1261和卡圈1262，卡圈1262依靠弹性变形将自己和挡圈1261固定在外圈121的密封槽中，在挡圈外缘挂胶的部位，和外圈121的密封槽形成弹性过盈接触，从而使轴承内的润滑脂125没有机会从轴承外圈121的密封槽处渗漏。
实施例九，卡圈、挡圈、橡胶平垫圈组成的防尘密封组件
如图13所示，防尘密封组件由卡圈、挡圈、橡胶平垫圈组成，橡胶平垫圈靠里、卡圈靠外，挡圈居中轴向同心布置，放入轴承密封槽中的先后顺序是橡胶平垫圈、挡圈、卡圈，卡圈依靠弹性变形将自己固定在轴承外圈密封槽中的同时，也将挡圈、橡胶平垫圈固定在外圈密封槽中，并且，挡圈与橡胶垫圈、橡胶垫圈与外圈密封槽底面之间形成弹性过盈接触。
实施例十，采用卡圈、挡圈、橡胶平垫圈组成的防尘密封组件的轴承
如图14所示，轴承包括外圈141、内圈142、滚动体143、保持器144、润滑脂145、防尘密封组件146，其中防尘密封组件146如实施例九所述，由橡胶平垫圈1461、挡圈1462、卡圈1463组成，卡圈1463依靠弹性变形将自己、挡圈1462和橡胶平垫圈1461固定在外圈141的密封槽中，挡圈1462与橡胶垫圈1461、橡胶垫圈1461与外圈141密封槽底面之间形成弹性过盈接触，该弹性过盈接触可以阻止润滑脂145从轴承外圈141的密封槽处渗漏。
上述实施例为与现行技术对比方便，均采用单列深沟球轴承，实际上，本发明防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件以及轴承所采用的技术原理和方案适合于所有类型、所有材料、所有尺寸、所有工艺方法成型的滚动轴承，还可以根据需要，对轴承的一侧采用本发明所述其中一种防尘密封组件，另一侧采用另外一种防尘密封组件。
以上公开的仅为本申请的几个具体实施例，但本申请并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化，都应落在本申请的保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种防止流体从轴承外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，其特征在于：所述防尘密封组件包括由金属防尘盖外缘粘结弹性材料组成的单体复合结构，或是由两个或两个以上零件轴向同心组合而成的组合结构，其中一个零件完全由弹性材料制成或该零件由金属材料制成但在其外缘粘结弹性材料，以使轴承防尘密封组件和轴承外圈密封槽在底面、顶面和前面三个面至少一个面之间形成弹性过盈接触，堵塞彼此之间的微小间隙。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的防尘密封组件，其特征在于：由两个或两个以上零件轴向同心组合而成的组合结构，其由弹性材料制成的零件或外缘粘结弹性材料的零件靠内布置，另一个零件为卡圈，靠外布置，剩余零件居中布置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的单体复合结构的防尘密封组件，金属防尘盖包括内缘为“L”型卷边的纯金属防尘盖和内缘不带金属卷边而是通过硫化工艺粘结橡胶密封唇的带橡胶密封唇金属防尘盖，金属防尘盖外缘粘结的弹性材料，为耐油橡胶，通过硫化工艺粘结。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括弹性材料制成的平垫圈和金属防尘盖两个零件，平垫圈靠内防尘盖靠外轴向同心布置，所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括卡圈和外边缘处粘结弹性材料的金属挡圈两个零件，挡圈靠内卡圈靠外轴向同心布置，
    所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶，通过硫化工艺粘结。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述的组合结构的防尘密封组件，包括卡圈、金属挡圈和弹性材料制成的平垫圈三个零件，平垫圈靠内、挡圈居中、卡圈靠外轴向同心布置，所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶。
  7. 根据权利要求1或3所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述外缘粘结弹性材料的金属防尘盖，弹性材料粘结在防尘盖与轴承外圈密封槽相接触的部分或全部表面上，粘结部位可延伸至防尘盖并未与密封槽相接触的折弯表面上。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的防尘密封组件，其特征是：所述外缘粘结弹性材料的金属挡圈，弹性材料粘结在挡圈外缘与轴承外圈密封槽和卡圈相接触的一个至全部表面上，粘结部位可延伸至挡圈并未与密封槽和卡圈接触的顶部上。
  9. 一种防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的滚动轴承，包括轴承外圈、内圈、滚动体、保持器、流体润滑剂和防尘密封组件，其特征在于，防尘密封组件 是权利要求1所述的防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件，该防尘密封组件通过与外圈密封槽口的径向或/和轴向过盈接触安装在轴承外圈上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是权利要求1、3、7任何一项所述的单体复合结构，防尘盖通过外缘卷边的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，防尘盖外缘粘结的弹性材料夹衬在防尘盖与密封槽的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是权利要求1、2、4任何一项所述的组合结构，弹性材料制成的平垫圈靠内、金属防尘盖靠外，防尘盖通过外缘卷边的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，弹性材料平垫圈夹衬在防尘盖与密封槽的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是权利要求1、2、5、8任何一项所述的组合结构，外边缘处粘结弹性材料的金属挡圈靠内，卡圈靠外，两者靠卡圈的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，弹性材料夹衬在挡圈与密封槽、档圈与卡圈的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，安装其上的防尘密封组件是权利要求1、2、6任何一项所述的组合结构，弹性材料制成的平垫圈靠内、卡圈靠外、挡圈居中，三者靠卡圈的弹性变形固定在外圈密封槽中，弹性材料夹衬在挡圈与密封槽的贴合面之间，形成弹性过盈接触。
  14. 如权利要求10至13中任何一项的滚动轴承，其特征在于，所选弹性材料为耐油橡胶，通过硫化工艺粘结。
PCT/CN2016/111105 2016-01-06 2016-12-20 防止流体从外圈密封槽口渗漏的防尘密封组件和轴承 WO2017118278A1 (zh)

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CN109333280A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-02-15 锐奇控股股份有限公司 一种新型模具电磨
CN111408999A (zh) * 2019-01-08 2020-07-14 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 压板法兰及具有该压板法兰的角磨机
CN114215845A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-03-22 中山市盈科轴承制造有限公司 一种轴承密封结构

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