WO2017118155A1 - 一种有机光电材料及其用途 - Google Patents
一种有机光电材料及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017118155A1 WO2017118155A1 PCT/CN2016/102854 CN2016102854W WO2017118155A1 WO 2017118155 A1 WO2017118155 A1 WO 2017118155A1 CN 2016102854 W CN2016102854 W CN 2016102854W WO 2017118155 A1 WO2017118155 A1 WO 2017118155A1
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- 150000001987 diarylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPTDDWCXQQYKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyldichloromethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 OPTDDWCXQQYKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PWVDFPINYKVAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3C(=O)C=CC=C3C=C21 PWVDFPINYKVAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRTCKZIKGWZNCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=N1 YRTCKZIKGWZNCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- DYFFAVRFJWYYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DYFFAVRFJWYYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCCC WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadiene group Chemical group C=CC=CCCCC QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AMZZAYFAXRBZRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole 1,2,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound O1N=CN=C1.O1N=NC=C1 AMZZAYFAXRBZRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxatriazole Chemical compound C1=NN=NO1 CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiophenone Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- MHOZZUICEDXVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole Chemical compound C1=NC2=CC=NC2=N1 MHOZZUICEDXVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQGPLDBZHMVWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Chemical compound C1=NC2=CC=NC2=C1 RQGPLDBZHMVWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004322 quinolinols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MABNMNVCOAICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenophene Chemical compound C=1C=C[se]C=1 MABNMNVCOAICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCNIMLKGZSAJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]furan Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CO2 ONCNIMLKGZSAJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBDCNCCRPKTRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=N1 DBDCNCCRPKTRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940125670 thienopyridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002175 thienopyridine Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-anethole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XSPDXZISEYDDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazine;1,2,4-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1.C1=CN=NC=N1 XSPDXZISEYDDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of organic photoelectric materials, in particular to an organic compound having thermal excitation delayed fluorescence characteristics, a composition thereof, a mixture thereof and the use thereof in an organic electronic device, particularly in an organic electroluminescent device. .
- the invention further relates to an organic electronic device comprising such a compound, in particular an electroluminescent device, and its use in displays and illumination devices.
- OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
- fluorescent and phosphorescent based luminescent material systems have been developed.
- OLEDs using fluorescent materials have high reliability, but their internal electroluminescence quantum efficiency is limited to 25% under electrical excitation, because the branch ratio of the singlet excited state and the triplet excited state of excitons is 1. :3.
- OLEDs using phosphorescent materials have achieved nearly 100% internal electroluminescence quantum efficiency.
- the Roll-off effect that is, the luminous efficiency rapidly decreases with increasing current or brightness, which is particularly disadvantageous for high brightness applications.
- phosphorescent materials with practical use value are rhodium and platinum complexes, which are rare and expensive, and the synthesis of complexes is complicated, so the cost is also quite high.
- Adachi proposed the concept of reverse intersystem crossing, which can be achieved by using organic compounds, ie without using metal complexes. High efficiency compared to phosphorescent OLEDs. This concept has been achieved through a combination of materials such as: 1) using a composite exciplex, see Adachi et al, Nature Photonics, Vol 6, p 253 (2012); 2) using thermally excited delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials.
- TADF thermally excited delayed fluorescence
- dotted line in the structural formula represents a bond of an adjacent monomer in the organic compound
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 , Ar 6 or Ar 7 are the same or different and are selected from aromatic, heteroaromatic or non-aromatic ring systems having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, and are One or more R 1 substituted or unsubstituted, and R 1 may be the same or different when it occurs multiple times;
- R 1 is selected from H; D; a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, an alkoxy group or a thioalkoxy group; a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms; An oxy group, a thioalkoxy group or a silyl group; a substituted keto group having 1 to 20 C atoms; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms; and an aromatic having 2 to 10 carbon atoms Or heteroaryl; aryloxycarbonyl having 7 to 20 C atoms; cyano; carbamoyl; haloformyl; formyl; isocyano; isocyanate; thiocyanate; isothiocyanate an ester group; a hydroxyl group; nitro; CF 3; Cl; Br; F; cross-linking group; having 5 to 40 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;
- n 1 or 2;
- n 1 is 0 or 1
- X, Y, Q, Z, U are single bonds or bridged groups which are bonded to Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 or Ar 6 by a single bond or a double bond; wherein X, Y, At least one of Q is different from Z or U.
- the organic compound according to the present invention facilitates the obtaining of thermally excited delayed fluorescent TADF characteristics.
- thermal excitation delayed fluorescent TADF material see Adachi et al., Nature, Vol 492, 234, (2012)
- the triplet excitons of the organic compound can be Efficient illumination is achieved by reverse internal conversion to singlet excitons.
- TADF materials are obtained by electron donating (Donor) to electron-deficient or acceptor groups, i.e., having a distinct DA structure.
- the organic compound according to the present invention has a small ⁇ E(S 1 -T 1 ), and generally ⁇ E(S 1 -T 1 ) ⁇ 0.30 eV, preferably ⁇ 0.25 eV, more preferably ⁇ 0.20 eV, more Preferably, it is ⁇ 0.15 eV, preferably ⁇ 0.10 eV.
- the triplet level T 1 of an organic compound depends on the substructure of the compound having the largest conjugated system. Generally, T 1 decreases as the conjugated system increases. In certain preferred embodiments, the substructure of formula (1) has the largest conjugated system of formula (1a) below.
- the formula (1a) has no more than 36 ring atoms, preferably no more than 32, and most preferably no more than 28.
- the H atom or the bridging group CH 2 group on the NH may be substituted by the R 1 group, and R 1 may further preferably be: (1) a C1 to C10 alkyl group, particularly preferably as follows. Group: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl Base, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl , ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopen
- aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are considered to be especially in addition to the above-mentioned aryl and heteroaryl groups, but also to biphenylene, benzene terphenyl, anthracene, spirobifluorene, dihydrogen. Phenanthrene, tetrahydroanthracene and cis or trans fluorene.
- X, Y, Q, Z, U are the same or different and are selected from a single bond, a two bridged group or a triple bridged group;
- the second bridging group is selected from:
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the same meanings as R 1 .
- the three bridging groups are selected from:
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the same meanings as R 1 .
- the dotted line indicated by the above group indicates a bond bonded to the structural unit Ar 1 or Ar 2 or Ar 5 and Ar 3 or Ar 4 or Ar 6 .
- the two bridging groups are selected from:
- the three bridging groups are selected from:
- the two bridging groups are selected from:
- X, Y, and Q are single bonds, and Z and U are both
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 , Ar 6 or Ar 7 are the same or different and are selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic rings having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. .
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 or Ar 4 is an aromatic ring having 5 to 15 carbon atoms in the ring system; or
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 or Ar 4 is a heteroaromatic ring system having 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least one hetero atom in the ring system, and the total number of the carbon atoms and hetero atoms is not less than 4 .
- the hetero atom is selected from the group consisting of Si, N, P, O, S, Ge.
- the hetero atom is selected from the group consisting of Si, N, P, O, S.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 are the same or different and are selected from:
- X 1 is selected from CR 6 or N;
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 have the same meanings as R 1 .
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 are the same or different and are selected from:
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , and Ar 4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyridine, perylene or thiophene.
- Ar 5 , Ar 6 , and Ar 7 are the same or different and are selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic rings having 2 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Ar 5, Ar 6, Ar 7 are optionally selected from: C2 to C40 aryl or heteroaryl group, depending on the use which can be monovalent or divalent and may in each case is a group R 1 mentioned above and may be substituted with an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring bonded via any desired position of the aromatic, particularly preferably refers to the following group: benzene, naphthalene, pyrene, dihydro-pyrene, chrysene, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , benzopyrene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, thiopurine, pyrrole, pyrene, isoindole , carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,
- aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are considered to be especially in addition to the above-mentioned aryl and heteroaryl groups, but also to biphenylene, benzene terphenyl, anthracene, spirobifluorene, dihydrogen. Phenanthrene, tetrahydroanthracene and cis or trans fluorene.
- Ar 5 , Ar 6 , and Ar 7 are the same or different and are selected from:
- n 2 is 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.
- Ar 5 , Ar 6 , and Ar 7 are each selected from:
- At least one of Ar 5 , Ar 6 , Ar 7 includes an electron donating group, and/or at least one includes an electron withdrawing group.
- the electron donating group is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted:
- the electron withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of F, cyano or the following groups:
- n 3 is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- X 2 -X 9 are optionally selected from CR or N, and at least one is N;
- R is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkene, alkyne, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
- At least one of Ar 5 to Ar 7 contains an electron-donating group, and more preferably Ar 5 At least two of Ar- 7 contain an electron donating group.
- Examples of suitable substructures of the formula (1a) having electron-withdrawing properties are, but are not limited to:
- At least one of Ar 5 to Ar 7 contains an electron withdrawing group, and more preferably, Ar 5 to Ar 7 have at least one. Both contain an electron withdrawing group.
- Suitable examples of sub-structures of the general formula (1a) having electron-donating properties are not limited to:
- the organic compound has structural features as defined in formulas (2)-(5):
- the organic compound has the structural characteristics of formula (6)-(21):
- the organic compound has the following structural features:
- the organic compound has the structural features as shown in formula (6):
- the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of:
- the present invention also provides a high molecular polymer comprising structural features of the organic compound in a repeating unit.
- the high polymer is a non-conjugated high polymer wherein the structural unit as shown in the general formula (1) is on the side chain.
- the high polymer is a conjugated high polymer.
- the present invention also provides an organic photoelectric material comprising the organic compound or the high molecular polymer, and at least one organic functional material; the organic functional material is selected from a hole (also called a hole) injection or Transmission material (HIM/HTM), hole blocking material (HBM), electron injecting or transporting material (EIM/ETM), electron blocking material (EBM), organic host material (Host), singlet illuminant (fluorescent illuminant) ), a heavy illuminant (phosphorescent illuminant), an organic thermal excitation delayed fluorescent material (TADF material), particularly a luminescent organic metal complex, and an organic dye.
- a hole also called a hole injection or Transmission material (HIM/HTM
- HBM hole blocking material
- EIM/ETM electron injecting or transporting material
- EBM organic host material
- TADF material organic thermal excitation delayed fluorescent material
- organic functional materials are described in detail in, for example, WO2010135519A1, US20090134784A1, and WO2011110277A1, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the organic functional material may be a small molecule and a high polymer material.
- the organic optoelectronic material comprises the organic compound or the high molecular polymer, and a phosphorescent emitter.
- the organic compound or the high molecular polymer described herein may be used as a host, and the phosphorescent phosphor weight percentage ⁇ 30 wt%, preferably ⁇ 25 wt%, more preferably ⁇ 20 wt%.
- the organic optoelectronic material comprises the organic compound or the high molecular polymer, and a host material.
- the organic compound or the high molecular polymer described herein may be used as a light-emitting material in a weight percentage of ⁇ 30% by weight, preferably ⁇ 25% by weight, more preferably ⁇ 20% by weight, most preferably ⁇ 15% by weight.
- the organic optoelectronic material comprises the organic compound or the high molecular polymer, a phosphorescent emitter and a host material.
- the organic compound or the high molecular polymer described herein may be used as an auxiliary luminescent material, and its weight ratio to the phosphorescent emitter is from 1:2 to 2:1.
- the organic compound or the high molecular polymer has a T 1 higher than the phosphorescent emitter.
- the organic optoelectronic material comprises the organic compound or the high molecular polymer, and another TADF material.
- the subject material, phosphorescent material and TADF material are described in some detail below (but are not limited thereto).
- the example of the triplet host material is not particularly limited, and any metal complex or organic compound may be used as the host as long as its triplet energy is higher than that of the illuminant, particularly the triplet illuminant or the phosphorescent illuminant.
- metal complexes that can be used as the triplet host include, but are not limited to, the following general structure:
- M is a metal
- (Y 3 -Y 4 ) is a bidentate ligand, Y 3 and Y 4 are independently selected from C, N, O, P and S
- L is an ancillary ligand
- m is an integer, Its value is from 1 to the maximum coordination number of this metal
- m+n is the maximum coordination number of this metal.
- the metal complex that can be used as the triplet host has the following form:
- (O-N) is a two-tooth ligand in which the metal is coordinated to the O and N atoms.
- M can be selected from Ir and Pt.
- Examples of the organic compound which can be used as the host of the triplet state are selected from compounds containing a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group such as benzene, biphenyl, triphenyl, benzo, anthracene; compounds containing an aromatic heterocyclic group such as dibenzothiophene, Dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, carbazole, pyridinium, pyrrole dipyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, three Azole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, thiazide, dioxazin, hydrazine Anthracen
- the triplet host material can be selected from compounds comprising at least one of the following groups:
- R 1 -R 7 may be independently of one another selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkene, alkyne, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, when they are aromatic when aryl or heteroaryl group, Ar 2 are the same meaning as above 1 and Ar; n is an integer from 0 to 20; X 1 -X 8 is selected in CH or N; X 9 is selected from CR 1 R 2 or in NR 1 .
- the triplet emitter is a metal complex of the formula M(L)n, wherein M is a metal atom, and each occurrence of L may be the same or different and is an organic ligand. It is bonded to the metal atom M by one or more positional bonding or coordination, and n is an integer greater than 1, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. Alternatively, these metal complexes are coupled to a polymer by one or more positions, preferably by an organic ligand.
- the metal atom M is selected from a transition metal element or a lanthanide or a lanthanide element, preferably Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ru, Os, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy Re, Cu or Ag, with Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Pd or Pt being particularly preferred.
- the triplet emitter comprises a chelating ligand, ie a ligand, coordinated to the metal by at least two bonding sites, with particular preference being given to the triplet emitter comprising two or three identical or different pairs Tooth or multidentate ligand.
- Chelating ligands are beneficial for increasing the stability of metal complexes.
- Examples of the organic ligand may be selected from a phenylpyridine derivative, a 7,8-benzoquinoline derivative, a 2(2-thienyl)pyridine derivative, a 2(1-naphthyl)pyridine derivative, or a 2 benzene.
- a quinolinol derivative All of these organic ligands may be substituted, for example by fluorine or trifluoromethyl.
- the ancillary ligand may preferably be selected from the group consisting of acetone acetate or picric acid.
- the metal complex that can be used as the triplet emitter has the following form:
- M is a metal selected from transition metal elements or lanthanides or actinides
- Ar 1 may be the same or different at each occurrence, and is a cyclic group containing at least one donor atom, that is, an atom having a lone pair of electrons, such as nitrogen or phosphorus, through which a cyclic group is coordinated to a metal. Connection; Ar 2 may be the same or different each time it appears, is a cyclic group containing at least one C atom through which a cyclic group is attached to the metal; Ar 1 and Ar 2 are bonded by a covalent bond Together, each may carry one or more substituent groups, which may also be joined together by a substituent group, each of which may be the same or different, being an ancillary ligand, preferably a bidentate chelate ligand.
- Preferred is a monoanionic bidentate chelate ligand; m is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3, particularly preferably 3; n is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, in particular Priority is 0;
- Triplet emitters are also known as phosphorescent emitters.
- the triplet emitter is a metal complex of the formula M(L)n, wherein M is a metal atom, and each occurrence of L may be the same or different and is an organic ligand. It is bonded to the metal atom M by one or more positional bonding or coordination, and n is an integer greater than 1, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
- these metal complexes are coupled to a polymer by one or more locations, preferably It is through organic ligands.
- the metal atom M is selected from a transition metal element or a lanthanide or a lanthanide element, preferably Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ru, Os, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy Re, Cu or Ag, with Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Pd or Pt being particularly preferred.
- the triplet emitter comprises a chelating ligand, ie a ligand, coordinated to the metal by at least two bonding sites, with particular preference being given to the triplet emitter comprising two or three identical or different pairs Tooth or multidentate ligand.
- Chelating ligands are beneficial for increasing the stability of metal complexes.
- organic ligand examples may be selected from a phenylpyridine derivative, a 7,8-benzoquinoline derivative, a 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine derivative, a 2-(1-naphthyl)pyridine derivative, or 2-phenylquinoline derivative. All of these organic ligands may be substituted, for example by fluorine or trifluoromethyl.
- the ancillary ligand may preferably be selected from the group consisting of acetone acetate or picric acid.
- the metal complex that can be used as the triplet emitter has the following form:
- M is a metal selected from transition metal elements or lanthanides or actinides
- Ar1 may be the same or different at each occurrence, and is a cyclic group containing at least one donor atom, that is, an atom having a lone pair of electrons, such as nitrogen or phosphorus, through which a cyclic group is coordinated to a metal.
- Ar2 may be the same or different at each occurrence, and is a cyclic group containing at least one C atom through which a cyclic group is bonded to a metal; Ar1 and Ar2 are linked by a covalent bond, respectively Carrying one or more substituent groups, which may also be linked together by a substituent group; each occurrence of L may be the same or different and is an ancillary ligand, preferably a bidentate chelate ligand, preferably Monoanionic bidentate chelate ligand; m is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3, particularly preferably 3; n is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, particularly preferably 0 ;
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescent luminescent material is a third generation organic luminescent material developed after organic fluorescent materials and organic phosphorescent materials.
- Such materials generally have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference ( ⁇ Est), and triplet excitons can be converted into singlet exciton luminescence by anti-intersystem crossing. This can make full use of the singlet excitons and triplet excitons formed under electrical excitation.
- the quantum efficiency in the device can reach 100%.
- the material structure is controllable, the property is stable, the price is cheap, no precious metal is needed, and the application prospect in the OLED field is broad.
- the TADF material needs to have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference, preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.3 eV, and secondly ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.2 eV, preferably ⁇ Est ⁇ 0.1 eV.
- the TADF material has a relatively small ⁇ Est, and in another preferred embodiment, the TADF has a better fluorescence quantum efficiency.
- TADF luminescent materials can be found in the following patent documents: CN103483332(A), TW201309696(A), TW201309778(A), TW201343874(A), TW201350558(A), US20120217869(A1), WO2013133359(A1), WO2013154064( A1), Adachi, et.al. Adv. Mater., 21, 2009, 4802, Adachi, et. al. Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 2011, 083302, Adachi, et. al. Appl. Phys. Lett ., 101, 2012, 093306, Adachi, et. al. Chem.
- TADF luminescent materials are listed in the table below:
- the present invention also provides an organic photoelectric composition or ink comprising the organic compound or the high molecular polymer, and at least one organic solvent.
- the viscosity and surface tension of the ink are important parameters when used in the printing process. Suitable surface tension parameters for the ink are suitable for the particular substrate and the particular printing method.
- the ink according to the invention has a surface tension at an operating temperature or at 25 ° C in the range of from about 19 dyne/cm to 50 dyne/cm; more preferably in the range of from 22 dyne/cm to 35 dyne/cm; It is in the range of 25dyne/cm to 33dyne/cm.
- the ink according to the invention has a viscosity of about 1 cps at an operating temperature or at 25 ° C. To the range of 100 cps; preferably in the range of 1 cps to 50 cps; more preferably in the range of 1.5 cps to 20 cps; preferably in the range of 4.0 cps to 20 cps.
- the composition so formulated will facilitate ink jet printing.
- the viscosity can be adjusted by different methods, such as by selection of a suitable solvent and concentration of the functional material in the ink.
- the ink containing the organic compound or polymer according to the present invention can facilitate the adjustment of the printing ink to an appropriate range in accordance with the printing method used.
- the composition according to the present invention comprises the organic compound or polymer of the present invention in a weight ratio of from 0.3% to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 20% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 15% by weight.
- the range is more preferably in the range of 0.5% to 10% by weight, most preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight.
- the at least one organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvents, particularly aliphatic chain/ring substituted aromatic solvents, or aromatic ketones, in accordance with the inks of the present invention.
- Solvent, or aromatic ether solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvents, particularly aliphatic chain/ring substituted aromatic solvents, or aromatic ketones, in accordance with the inks of the present invention.
- Solvent, or aromatic ether solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvents, particularly aliphatic chain/ring substituted aromatic solvents, or aromatic ketones, in accordance with the inks of the present invention.
- Solvent, or aromatic ether solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvents, particularly aliphatic chain/ring substituted aromatic solvents, or aromatic ketones, in accordance with the inks of the present invention.
- Solvent, or aromatic ether solvent is selected from the
- organic solvents suitable for the present invention are, but are not limited to, aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvents: p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1,4-di Methylnaphthalene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, p-methylisopropylbenzene, dipentylbenzene, tripentylbenzene, pentyltoluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-diethylbenzene, methylene Ethylbenzene, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, Di
- the at least one solvent may be selected from the group consisting of: an aliphatic ketone, for example, 2-nonanone, 3-fluorenone, 5-nonanone, 2-nonanone, 2, 5 -hexanedione, 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-indolone, phorone, di-n-pentyl ketone, etc.; or an aliphatic ether, for example, pentyl ether, hexyl ether, dioctyl ether, ethylene Dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether , tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and the like.
- an aliphatic ketone for example, 2-nonan
- the ink further comprises another organic solvent.
- another organic solvent include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, morpholine, Toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,4 dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1,2 dichloroethane, 3-phenoxytoluene, 1,1 , 1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydronaphthalene , decalin, hydrazine and/or mixtures thereof.
- the organic optoelectronic composition according to the invention is a solution.
- the organic optoelectronic composition according to the invention is a suspension.
- the organic photoelectric composition in the embodiment of the present invention may comprise 0.01 to 20% by weight of the organic compound according to the present invention or a mixture thereof, preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight, most preferably 0.25 to 5 wt% of an organic compound or a mixture thereof.
- the invention also provides the use of the organic compound or the high molecular polymer in an organic electronic device.
- the preparation method is particularly preferably a production method by printing or coating.
- suitable printing or coating techniques include, but are not limited to, inkjet printing, Nozzle Printing, typography, screen printing, dip coating, spin coating, blade coating, roller printing, torsion rolls. Printing, lithography, flexographic printing, rotary printing, spraying, brushing or pad printing, slit-type extrusion coating, etc. Preferred are gravure, inkjet and inkjet printing.
- the solution or suspension may additionally comprise one or more components such as surface active compounds, lubricants, wetting agents, dispersing agents, hydrophobic agents, binders and the like for adjusting viscosity, film forming properties, adhesion, and the like.
- the organic electronic device may be selected from, but not limited to, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), an organic photovoltaic cell (OPV), an organic light emitting cell (OLEEC), an organic field effect transistor (OFET), an organic light emitting field effect transistor, and an organic Lasers, organic spintronic devices, organic sensors and organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode), especially OLEDs.
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- OLED organic photovoltaic cell
- OFET organic field effect transistor
- OLED organic light emitting field effect transistor
- organic Lasers organic spintronic devices, organic sensors and organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode), especially OLEDs.
- the organic compound is preferably used in a light-emitting layer of an OLED device.
- the present invention also provides an organic electronic device comprising the organic compound and/or the high molecular polymer.
- such an organic electronic device comprises at least one cathode, an anode and a functional layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein the functional layer comprises at least one organic compound or polymer as described above.
- the organic electronic device is an organic light emitting diode (OLED), an organic photovoltaic cell (OPV), an organic light emitting cell (OLEEC), an organic field effect transistor (OFET), an organic light emitting field effect transistor, an organic laser, Organic spintronic devices, organic sensors or organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode), particularly preferred are organic electroluminescent devices such as OLED, OLEEC, organic light-emitting field effect transistors.
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- OLED organic photovoltaic cell
- OEEC organic light emitting cell
- OFET organic field effect transistor
- organic light emitting field effect transistor an organic laser
- Organic spintronic devices organic sensors or organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)
- organic electroluminescent devices such as OLED, OLEEC, organic light-emitting field effect transistors.
- the organic electronic device includes a light emitting layer
- the light emitting layer includes the organic compound or the high molecular polymer.
- the luminescent layer further comprises a phosphorescent emitter and/or a host material.
- a substrate an anode, at least one of the light-emitting layer, and a cathode are included.
- the substrate can be opaque or transparent.
- a transparent substrate can be used to make a transparent light-emitting component. See, for example, Bulovic et al. Nature 1996, 380, p29, and Gu et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, p2606.
- the substrate can be rigid or elastic.
- the substrate can be plastic, metal, semiconductor wafer or glass.
- the substrate has a smooth surface. Substrates without surface defects are a particularly desirable choice.
- the substrate is flexible, optionally in the form of a polymer film or plastic, having a glass transition temperature Tg of 150 ° C or higher, preferably more than 200 ° C, more preferably more than 250 ° C, preferably More than 300 ° C. Examples of suitable flexible substrates are poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene) (PEN).
- PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- PEN polyethylene glycol (2,6-na
- the anode can comprise a conductive metal or metal oxide, or a conductive polymer.
- the anode can easily inject holes into a hole injection layer (HIL) or a hole transport layer (HTL) or a light-emitting layer.
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the HOMO level or the valence band level of the illuminant in the luminescent layer or the p-type semiconductor material as the HIL or HTL or electron blocking layer (EBL) is less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, and most preferably less than 0.2 eV.
- anode material examples include, but are not limited to, Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and the like.
- suitable anode materials are known and can be readily selected for use by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the anode material can be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition process, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like.
- the anode is patterned. Patterned ITO conductive substrates are commercially available and can be used to prepare devices in accordance with the present invention.
- the cathode can include a conductive metal or metal oxide.
- the cathode can easily inject electrons into the EIL or ETL or directly into the luminescent layer.
- the work function of the cathode and the LUMO level of the illuminant or the n-type semiconductor material as an electron injection layer (EIL) or electron transport layer (ETL) or hole blocking layer (HBL) in the luminescent layer or
- EIL electron injection layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- HBL hole blocking layer
- the absolute value of the difference in conduction band energy levels is less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, and most preferably less than 0.2 eV.
- all materials which can be used as cathodes for OLEDs are possible as cathode materials for the devices of the invention.
- cathode material examples include, but are not limited to, Al, Au, Ag, Ca, Ba, Mg, LiF/Al, MgAg alloy, BaF 2 /Al, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, and the like.
- the cathode material can be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition process, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like.
- the OLED may further include other functional layers such as a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer.
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- EBL electron blocking layer
- EIL electron injection layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- HBL hole blocking layer
- the organic electronic device, the luminescent layer thereof, is prepared by the organic optoelectronic composition of the present invention.
- the organic electronic device has an emission wavelength of between 300 and 1000 nm, preferably between 350 and 900 nm, more preferably between 400 and 800 nm.
- the invention also provides for the use of the organic electronic device in various electronic devices, including, but not limited to, display devices, illumination devices, light sources, sensors, and the like.
- the invention further relates to an electronic device comprising an organic electronic device according to the invention, including, but not limited to, a display device, a lighting device, a light source, a sensor and the like.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the organic compound of the present invention contains four aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring conjugated units, and ⁇ E(S 1 -T 1 ) ⁇ 0.30 eV, which facilitates the realization of thermal excitation delayed fluorescence luminescence (TADF).
- the organic compound according to the present invention can be used as a TADF luminescent material, and by blending with a suitable host material, it is easy to improve its luminous efficiency and lifetime as an electroluminescent device, and provides a manufacturing cost low, high efficiency, long life, and low rolling. A solution for falling light-emitting devices.
- composition and the printing ink, or ink have the same meaning and are interchangeable.
- the subject material the matrix material, the Host or the Matrix material have the same meaning, and they are interchangeable.
- metal organic complexes metal organic complexes, metal organic complexes, and organometallic complexes have the same meaning and are interchangeable.
- an aromatic ring system or an aromatic group means a hydrocarbon group containing at least one aromatic ring, and includes a monocyclic group and a polycyclic ring system.
- a heteroaromatic or heteroaromatic group refers to a hydrocarbyl group (containing heteroatoms) comprising at least one heteroaromatic ring, including monocyclic groups and polycyclic ring systems.
- These polycyclic rings may have two or more rings in which two carbon atoms are shared by two adjacent rings, a fused ring. At least one of these rings of the polycyclic ring is aromatic or heteroaromatic.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems include not only aromatic or heteroaromatic systems, but also multiple aryl or heteroaryl groups may also be interrupted by short non-aromatic units ( ⁇ 10%).
- Non-H atoms preferably less than 5% of non-H atoms, such as C, N or O atoms).
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, etc., are also considered to be aromatic ring systems for the purposes of the present invention.
- examples of the aromatic group are: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, perylene, tetracene, anthracene, benzofluorene, triphenylene, anthracene, anthracene, and derivatives thereof.
- heteroaromatic groups are: furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, tetrazole, anthracene, anthracene Oxazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furopyrrol, furanfuran, thienofuran, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, pyridine, pyrazine, Pyridazine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, o-diazine, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, carbaidine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, and derivatives thereof.
- At least one of Ar 1 -Ar 4 comprises a non-aromatic ring system having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with R 1 .
- non-aromatic ring systems contain from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 3, carbon atoms in the ring system, and include not only saturated but also partially unsaturated cyclic systems which may be unsubstituted or grouped R 1 is mono- or polysubstituted, the groups R 1 may be the same or different in each occurrence, and may also contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably Si, N, P, O, S and/or Ge, in particular Preferred from Si, N, P, O and/or S. These may, for example, be cyclohexyl- or piperidine-like systems or ring-like octadiene ring systems. The term also applies to fused non-aromatic ring systems.
- the organic compound according to the invention is a small molecular material.
- small molecule refers to a molecule that is not a polymer, oligomer, dendrimer, or blend.
- the molecular weight of the small molecule is ⁇ 4000 g/mol, preferably ⁇ 3000 g/mol, more preferably ⁇ 2000 g/mol, most preferably ⁇ 1500 g/mol.
- the polymer that is, the polymer, includes a homopolymer, a copolymer, and a block copolymer.
- the high polymer also includes a dendrimer.
- Dendrimers and Dendrons Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2002, Ed. George R. Newkome, Charles. N. Moorefield, Fritz Vogtle.
- Conjugated polymer is a polymer whose main chain is mainly composed of a backbone atoms of sp C 2 hybrid orbital, well-known examples are: polyacetylene, polyacetylene and poly (phenylene vinylene), the main The C atom on the chain can also be substituted by other non-C atoms, and is still considered a conjugated polymer when the sp 2 hybrid on the backbone is interrupted by some natural defects.
- the conjugated high polymer also includes an aryl amine, an aryl phosphine and other heteroarmotics, and an organometallic complexes in the main chain. )Wait.
- the solubility of the organic small molecule compound is ensured by the substituent R 1 on the units of the formulae (1) to (21) and optionally on the unit additionally present.
- substituents can also promote solubility if other substituents are present.
- the structural units of the general formulae (1) to (21) are suitable for various functions in organic small molecule compounds depending on the substitution pattern. Therefore, they are preferably used as the main skeleton of the small molecule compound or as an illuminant. In particular, which substituents are particularly suitable for which functions are described by the substituents X and Y and Q.
- the substituent R 1 has an influence on the electronic properties of the units of the general formulae (1) to (21).
- the energy level of the organic compound material can be obtained by quantum calculation, for example, by TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) by Gaussian 09W (Gaussian Inc.), and the specific simulation method can be found in WO2011141110.
- TD-DFT time-dependent density functional theory
- Gaussian 09W Gaussian Inc.
- the semi-empirical method “Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1" (Charge 0/Spin Singlet) is used to optimize the molecular geometry, and then the energy structure of the organic molecule is determined by TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) method.
- TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91 and the base group "6-31G(d)” (Charge 0/Spin Singlet).
- the HOMO and LUMO levels are calculated according to the following calibration formula, and S 1 , T 1 and the resonance factor f(S 1 ) are used directly.
- HOMO(eV) ((HOMO(G) ⁇ 27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
- HOMO (G) and LUMO (G) are direct calculation results of Gaussian 09W, the unit is Hartree.
- the results are shown in Table 1:
- the value of ⁇ E(S 1 -T 1 ) is not more than 0.12 eV, and the delayed fluorescent luminescence condition of less than 0.30 eV is satisfied.
- the delayed fluorescent luminescent material of the D-A architecture is labeled with Ref 1 :
- a, cleaning of the conductive glass substrate when used for the first time, can be washed with a variety of solvents, such as chloroform, ketone, isopropyl alcohol, and then UV ozone plasma treatment;
- cathode LiF / Al (1nm / 150nm) in a high vacuum (1 ⁇ 10 -6 mbar) in the thermal evaporation;
- the device is encapsulated in a nitrogen glove box with an ultraviolet curable resin.
- the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of each OLED device are characterized by characterization equipment while recording important parameters such as efficiency, lifetime and external quantum efficiency.
- the luminous efficiency and lifetime of OLED1 are more than three times that of OLED Ref1 (corresponding to the host material (Ref1)), and the luminous efficiency of OLED3 (corresponding to the host material (3)) is OLED Ref1. 4 times, and the lifetime is more than 6 times, especially the maximum external quantum efficiency of OLED 3 is more than 12%. It can be seen that the OLED device prepared by using the organic mixture of the invention has greatly improved luminous efficiency and lifetime, and the external quantum efficiency is also significantly improved.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种有机光电材料及其用途。该有机光电材料包括如式(1)所示结构特征的有机化合物,该有机化合物具有较小的ΔE(S1-T1),便于得到具有较好的热激发延迟荧光特性,从而实现OLED器件的高效率以及长寿命。所述的化合物,其合成过程相对简单,成本低,因而具有巨大的应用潜力和应用范围。本发明还涉及包含有该有机化合物的混合物,组合物(印刷油墨)及有机电子器件,特别是电致发光器件。
Description
本发明涉及有机光电材料领域,尤其涉及一种具有热激发延迟荧光特性的有机化合物,包含其的组合物、混合物及其在有机电子器件中的应用,特别是在有机电致发光器件中的应用。本发明还涉及一种包含有此化合物的有机电子器件,特别是电致发光器件,及其在显示器及照明装置中的应用。
有机电致发光材料的多样性以及可合成性,为实现大面积新型显示器件奠定了坚实的基础。为了提高有机发光二极管(OLED)的发光效率,目前,基于荧光和磷光的发光材料体系已被开发出来。使用荧光材料的OLED具有可靠性高的特点,但其在电气激发下其内部电致发光量子效率被限制为25%,这是因为激子的单重激发态和三重激发态的分支比为1:3。与此相反,使用磷光材料的OLED已经取得了几乎100%的内部电致发光量子效率。但磷光OLED有一显著的问题,就是Roll-off效应,即发光效率随电流或亮度的增加而迅速降低,这对高亮度的应用尤为不利。
迄今为止,有实际使用价值的磷光材料是铱和铂配合物,这种原材料稀有而昂贵,配合物的合成很复杂,因此成本也相当高。为了克服铱和铂配合物的原材料稀有和昂贵,及其合成复杂的问题,Adachi提出反向内部转换(reverse intersystem crossing)的概念,这样可以利用有机化合物,即不利用金属配合物,实现了可与磷光OLED相比的高效率。此概念已经通过各种材料组合得以实现,如:1)利用复合受激态(exciplex),参见Adachi等,Nature Photonics,Vol 6,p253(2012);2)利用热激发延迟荧光(TADF)材料,参见Adachi et al.,Nature,Vol 492,234,(2012)。但现有具有TADF的有机化合物大多采用供电子(Donor)与缺电子或吸电子(Acceptor)基团相连的方式,从而引起最高占有轨道(HOMO)与最低未占有轨道(LUMO)电子云分布完全分离,缩小有机化合物单重态(S1)与三重态(T1)的能级差(ΔE(S1-T1)),这对发光效率及稳定性都有不良的影响。至今,一系列的红光与绿光TADF材料已经被开发出来,取得比较高的发光效率,但蓝光TADF发光材料比较缺,而且所有TADF材料的OLED器件的性能,特别是寿命离实用尚有一定的差距。
因此,现有技术,特别是TADF材料解决方案还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种有机化合物,旨在解决现有的电致磷光发光材料成本高、高亮度下效率滚降快、寿命短的问题,以及解决TADF有机发光材料荧光量子产率低、寿命短的问题。
一种如式(1)所示结构特征的有机化合物:
其中,结构通式中的虚线代表在此有机化合物中的相邻单体的一个键;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar6或Ar7相同或不同的任选自具有2~40个碳原子的芳香族、杂芳香族或者非芳香族环系,且被一个或多个R1取代或者未取代,,R1在多次出现时可以是相同或不同;
R1任选自H;D;具有1~20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基;具有3~20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基或甲硅烷基;具有1~20个C原子的取代的酮基基团;具有2~20个C原子的烷氧基羰基;具有2~10个碳原子的芳基或杂芳基;具有7~20个C原子的芳氧基羰基;氰基;氨基甲酰基;卤甲酰基;甲酰基;异氰基;异氰酸酯基;硫氰酸酯基;异硫氰酸酯基;羟基;硝基;CF3;Cl;Br;F;可交联的基团;具有5~40个成环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系;具有5~40个成环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基;其中,多个R1之间可以彼此键合形成单环或多环的脂肪族或芳族环;
n为1或2;
n1为0或1;
X,Y,Q,Z,U为单键或桥联基,它们与Ar1,Ar2,Ar3,Ar4,Ar5或Ar6以单键或双键相连;其中,X,Y,Q中至少有一个不同于Z或U。
按照本发明的有机化合物,便于得到热激发延迟荧光TADF特性。按照热激发延迟荧光TADF材料(参见Adachi et al.,Nature,Vol 492,234,(2012))的原理,当有机化合物的Δ(S1-T1)足够小时,该有机化合物的三线态激子可以通过反向内部转换到单线态激子,从而实现高效发光。一般来说,TADF材料通过供电子(Donor)与缺电子或吸电子(Acceptor)基团相连而得,即具有明显的D-A结构。
按照本发明的有机化合物,具有较小的ΔE(S1-T1),一般的ΔE(S1-T1)≤0.30eV,较好是≤0.25eV,更好是≤0.20eV,更更好是≤0.15eV,最好是≤0.10eV。
通常,有机化合物的三线态能级T1取决于化合物中具有最大共轭体系的分结构。一般地,T1随共轭体系的增大而递减。在某些优先的实施方案中,化学式(1)中的分结构,如下通式(1a)具有最大的共轭体系。
优选地,通式(1a)在去除取代基的情况下,其环原子数不超过36个,较好为不超过32个,最好为不超过28个。
在另一些优先的实施例中,通式(1a)在去除取代基的情况下,其T1≥2.0eV,较优是T1≥2.2eV,更优是T1≥2.4eV,更更优是T1≥2.6eV,最优是T1≥2.7eV。
对于本发明的目的,其中NH上的H原子或桥联基CH2基团可以被R1基团取代,R1可进一步优选于:(1)C1~C10烷基,特别优选是指如下的基团:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、环丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、正己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基和辛炔基;(2)C1~C10烷氧基,特别优选的是指甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,异丁氧基,仲丁氧基,叔丁氧基或者2-甲基丁氧基;(3)C2~C10芳基或杂芳基,取决于用途其可以是一价或二价的,在每一情况下也可以被上述提及的基团R1取代并可以通过任何希望的位置与芳香族或杂芳香环连接,特别优选的是指以下的基团:苯、萘、蒽、嵌二萘、二氢芘、屈、茈、萤蒽、丁省、戊省、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、硫芴、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、恶唑、苯并恶唑、萘并恶唑、蒽并恶唑、菲并恶唑、异恶唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、吡嗪、二氮蒽、1,5-二氮杂萘、氮咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-***、1,2,4-***、苯并***、1,2,3-恶二唑、1,2,4-恶二唑、1,2,5-恶二唑、1,3,4-恶二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑。1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、中氮茚和苯并噻二唑。用于本发明的目的,芳香和杂芳族环系认为特别是除上述提及的芳基和杂芳基之外,还指亚联苯基、亚三联苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、四氢芘和顺式或者反式茚并芴。
在其中一个实施例中,X,Y,Q,Z,U相同或不同的任选自单键、二桥联基或三桥联基;
所述二桥联基任选自:
其中,R3、R4与R5的定义同R1。上述基团所示虚线键表示与结构单元Ar1,Ar2,Ar3,Ar4键合的键。
所述三桥联基任选自:
其中,其中,R4、R5与R6的定义同R1。上述基团所示虚线键表示与结构单元Ar1或Ar2或Ar5以及Ar3或Ar4或Ar6键合的键。
在其中一个实施例中,所述二桥联基任选自:
所述三桥联基任选自:
在其中一个实施例中,所述二桥联基任选自:
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar6或Ar7相同或不同的任选自具有2~20个碳原子的芳香族环或杂芳香族环。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3或Ar4为芳香族环,该芳香族环的环系中包含5~15个碳原子;或,
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3或Ar4为杂芳香环系,该杂芳香环的环系中包含2~15个碳原子和至少一个杂原子,所述碳原子和杂原子的总数不小于4。
在其中一个实施例中,所述杂原子任选自Si、N、P、O、S、Ge。
在其中一个实施例中,所述杂原子任选自Si、N、P、O、S。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4相同或不同的任选自:
其中,X1任选自CR6或N;
Y1任选自CR7R8,SiR9R10,NR11或,C(=O),S,或O;
R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11的定义同R1。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4相同或不同的任选自:
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4相同或不同的任选自:苯、萘、蒽、菲、吡啶、嵌二萘或噻吩。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar5、Ar6、Ar7相同或不同的任选自具有2~40个碳原子的芳香族环或杂芳香族环。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar5、Ar6、Ar7分别任选自:C2到C40芳基或杂芳基,取决于用途其可以是一价或二价的,在每一情况下也可以被上述提及的基团R1取代并可以通过任何希望的位置与芳香族或杂芳香环连接,特别优选的是指以下的基团:苯、萘、嵌二萘、二氢芘、屈、茈、丁省、戊省、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、硫芴、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、恶唑、苯并恶唑、萘并恶唑、蒽并恶唑、菲并恶唑、异恶唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、吡嗪、1,5-二氮杂萘、氮咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-***、1,2,4-***、苯并***、1,2,3-恶二唑、1,2,4-恶二唑、1,2,5-恶二唑、1,3,4-恶二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑。
1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、中氮茚和苯并噻二唑。用于本发明的目的,芳香和杂芳族环系认为特别是除上述提及的芳基和杂芳基之外,还指亚联苯基、亚三联苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、四氢芘和顺式或者反式茚并芴。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar5、Ar6、Ar7相同或不同的任选自:
n2为1或2或3或4。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar5、Ar6、Ar7分别任选自:
在其中一个实施例中,Ar5、Ar6、Ar7中至少有一个包括供电子基,和/或至少有一个包括吸电子基。
在其中一个实施例中,所述供电子基任选自取代或未取代的如下基团:
在其中一个实施例中,所述吸电子基任选自F,氰基或如下基团:
其中,n3为1,2,3或4;
X2-X9分别任选自CR或N,并且至少有一个是N;
Z1、Z2、Z3分别任选自N(R)、C(R)2、Si(R)2、O、C=N(R)、C=C(R)2、P(R)、P(=O)R、S、S=O、SO2或无,但至少有一个不是无;
R任选自:氢、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯、炔、芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基。
作为优选的,按照通式(1)的有机化合物,当按通式(1a)的分结构具有吸电子特性时,Ar5~Ar7至少有一个包含一供电子基,更优先的是Ar5~Ar7至少有两个包含有一供电子基。
合适的具有吸电子特性的按通式(1a)的分结构的例子有,但不限于:
按照通式(1)的化合物,当按通式(1a)的分结构具有供电子特性时,Ar5~Ar7至少有一个包含一吸电子基,更优先的是Ar5~Ar7至少有两个包含有一吸电子基。
合适的具有供电子特性的按通式(1a)的分结构的例子,但不限于:
在其中一个实施例中,所述的有机化合物具有如式(2)-(5)的结构特征:
在其中一个实施例中,所述的有机化合物具有如式(6)-(21)结构特征:
在其中一个实施例中,所述的有机化合物具有如下结构特征:
在其中一个实施例中,所述的有机化合物具有如式(6)所示结构特征:
在其中一个实施例中,所述的有机化合物任选自:
本发明还提供一种高分子聚合物,其重复单元中包括所述的有机化合物的结构特征。在某些实施例中,所述的高聚物是非共轭高聚物,其中如通式(1)所示的结构单元在侧链上。在另一个优先的实施例中,所述的高聚物是共轭高聚物。
本发明还提供一种有机光电材料,包括所述的有机化合物或所述的高分子聚合物,以及至少一种有机功能材料;所述有机功能材料选自空穴(也称电洞)注入或传输材料(HIM/HTM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、电子注入或传输材料(EIM/ETM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)、有机主体材料(Host)、单重态发光体(荧光发光体)、重态发光体(磷光发光体),有机热激发延迟荧光材料(TADF材料)特别是发光有机金属络合物,及有机染料。例如在WO2010135519A1、US20090134784A1和WO2011110277A1中对各种有机功能材料有详细的描述,特此将此3专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。有机功能材料可以是小分子和高聚物材料。
作为优选的,所述有机光电材料包括所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物,以及一种磷光发光体。这里所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物可以作为主体,磷光发光体重量百分比
≤30wt%,较好是≤25wt%,更好是≤20wt%。
作为优选的,所述有机光电材料包括所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物,以及一种主体材料。这里所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物可以作为发光材料,其重量百分比≤30wt%,较好是≤25wt%,更好是≤20wt%,最好是≤15wt%。
作为优选的,所述有机光电材料包括所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物,一种磷光发光体和一种主体材料。这里所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物可以作为辅助发光材料,其与磷光发光体的重量比为从1:2到2:1。进一步优选的,所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物的T1高于所述磷光发光体。
在其中一个实施例中,所述有机光电材料包括所述有机化合物或所述高分子聚合物,和另一种TADF材料。
下面对主体材料,磷光发光材料及TADF材料作一些较详细的描述(但不限于此)。
(1)主体材料(TripletHost):
三重态主体材料的例子并不受特别的限制,任何金属络合物或有机化合物都可能被用作为主体,只要其三重态能量比发光体,特别是三重态发光体或磷光发光体更高。可用作三重态主体(Host)的金属络合物的例子包括(但不限于)如下的一般结构:
M是一金属;(Y3-Y4)是一两齿配体,Y3和Y4独立地选自C,N,O,P和S;L是一个辅助配体;m是一整数,其值从1到此金属的最大配位数;m+n是此金属的最大配位数。
在一个优先的实施方案中,可用作三重态主体的金属络合物有如下形式:
(O-N)是一两齿配体,其中金属与O和N原子配位。
在某一个实施方案中,M可选于Ir和Pt。
可作为三重态主体的有机化合物的例子选自包含有环芳香烃基的化合物,例如苯、联苯、三苯基、苯并、芴;包含有芳香杂环基的化合物,如二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃、二苯并硒吩、呋喃、噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并硒吩、咔唑、吲哚咔唑、吡啶吲哚、吡咯二吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、***类、恶唑、噻唑、恶二唑、恶***、二恶唑、噻二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、三嗪类、恶嗪、恶噻嗪、恶二嗪、吲哚、苯并咪唑、吲唑、恶唑、二苯并恶唑、苯异恶唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、异喹啉、邻二氮杂萘、喹唑啉、喹喔啉、萘、酞、蝶啶、氧杂蒽、吖啶、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、苯并呋喃吡啶、呋喃并吡啶、苯并噻吩吡啶、噻吩吡啶、苯并硒吩吡啶和硒吩苯并二吡啶;包含有2至10环结构的基团,它们可以是相同或不同类型的环芳香烃基团或芳香杂环基团,并彼此直接或通过至少一个以下的基团连结在一起;如氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、硅原子、磷原子、硼原子、链结构单元和脂肪环基团。其中,每个Ar
可以进一步被取代,取代基可选为氢、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯、炔、芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基。
在一个优先的实施方案中,三重态主体材料可选于包含至少一个以下基团的化合物:
R1-R7可相互独立地选于如下的基团:氢,烷基,烷氧基,氨基,烯,炔,芳烷基,杂烷基,芳基和杂芳基,当它们是芳基或杂芳基时,它们与上述的Ar1和Ar2意义相同;n是一个从0到20的整数;X1-X8选于CH或N;X9选于CR1R2或NR1。
在下面列出合适的三重态主体材料的例子:
(2)磷光发光材料
磷光发光材料也称三重态发光体。在一个优先的实施方案中,三重态发光体是有通式M(L)n的金属络合物,其中M是一金属原子,L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一有机配体,它通过一个或多个位置键接或配位连接到金属原子M上,n是一个大于1的整数,较好选是1,2,3,4,5或6。可选地,这些金属络合物通过一个或多个位置联接到一个聚合物上,最好是通过有机配体。
在一个优先的实施方案中,金属原子M选于过渡金属元素或镧系元素或锕系元素,优先选择Ir,Pt,Pd,Au,Rh,Ru,Os,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Re,Cu或Ag,特别优先选择Os,Ir,Ru,Rh,Re,Pd或Pt。
优先地,三重态发光体包含有螯合配体,即配体,通过至少两个结合点与金属配位,特别优先考虑的是三重态发光体包含有两个或三个相同或不同的双齿或多齿配体。螯合配体有利于提高金属络合物的稳定性。
有机配体的例子可选自苯基吡啶衍生物,7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物,2(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生物,2(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物,或2苯基喹啉衍生物。所有这些有机配体都可能被取代,例如被含氟或三氟甲基取代。辅助配体可优先选自乙酸丙酮或苦味酸。
在一个优先的实施方案中,可用作三重态发光体的金属络合物有如下形式:
其中M是一金属,选于过渡金属元素或镧系元素或锕系元素;
Ar1每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个施主原子,即有一孤对电子的原子,如氮或磷,通过它环状基团与金属配位连接;Ar2每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个C原子,通过它环状基团与金属连接;Ar1和Ar2由共价键联接在一起,可各自携带一个或多个取代基团,它们也可再通过取代基团联接在一起,L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个辅助配体,优选于双齿螯合配体,最好是单阴离子双齿螯合配体;m是1,2或3,优先地是2或3,特别优先地是3;n是0,1或2,优先地是0或1,特别优先地是0;
三重态发光体也称磷光发光体。在一个优先的实施方案中,三重态发光体是有通式M(L)n的金属络合物,其中M是一金属原子,L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一有机配体,它通过一个或多个位置键接或配位连接到金属原子M上,n是一个大于1的整数,较好选是1,2,3,4,5或6。可选地,这些金属络合物通过一个或多个位置联接到一个聚合物上,最好
是通过有机配体。
在一个优先的实施方案中,金属原子M选于过渡金属元素或镧系元素或锕系元素,优先选择Ir,Pt,Pd,Au,Rh,Ru,Os,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Re,Cu或Ag,特别优先选择Os,Ir,Ru,Rh,Re,Pd或Pt。
优先地,三重态发光体包含有螯合配体,即配体,通过至少两个结合点与金属配位,特别优先考虑的是三重态发光体包含有两个或三个相同或不同的双齿或多齿配体。螯合配体有利于提高金属络合物的稳定性。
有机配体的例子可选自苯基吡啶衍生物,7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物,2-(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生物,2-(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物,或2-苯基喹啉衍生物。所有这些有机配体都可能被取代,例如被含氟或三氟甲基取代。辅助配体可优先选自乙酸丙酮或苦味酸。
在一个优先的实施方案中,可用作三重态发光体的金属络合物有如下形式:
其中M是一金属,选于过渡金属元素或镧系元素或锕系元素;
Ar1每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个施主原子,即有一孤对电子的原子,如氮或磷,通过它环状基团与金属配位连接;Ar2每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个C原子,通过它环状基团与金属连接;Ar1和Ar2由共价键联接在一起,可各自携带一个或多个取代基团,它们也可再通过取代基团联接在一起;L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一个辅助配体,优选于双齿螯合配体,最好是单阴离子双齿螯合配体;m是1,2或3,优先地是2或3,特别优先地是3;n是0,1或2,优先地是0或1,特别优先地是0;
一些三重态发光体的材料极其应用的例子可在下述专利文件和文献中找到:WO 200070655,WO 200141512,WO 200202714,WO 200215645,EP 1191613,EP 1191612,EP 1191614,WO 2005033244,WO 2005019373,US 2005/0258742,WO 2009146770,WO 2010015307,WO 2010031485,WO 2010054731,WO 2010054728,WO 2010086089,WO2010099852,WO 2010102709,US 20070087219 A1,US 20090061681 A1,US 20010053462 A1,Baldo,Thompson et al.Nature 403,(2000),750-753,US 20090061681 A1,US 20090061681 A1,Adachi et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.78(2001),1622-1624,J.Kido et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.65(1994),2124,Kido et al.Chem.Lett.657,1990,US 2007/0252517 A1,Johnson et al.,JACS 105,1983,1795,Wrighton,JACS 96,1974,998,Ma et al.,Synth.Metals 94,1998,245,US 6824895,US 7029766,US 6835469,US 6830828,US 20010053462 A1,WO 2007095118 A1,US 2012004407A1,WO 2012007088A1,WO2012007087A1,WO 2012007086A1,US 2008027220A1,WO 2011157339A1,CN 102282150A,WO 2009118087A1。特此将上述列出的专利文件和文献中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
(3)TADF材料
传统有机荧光材料只能利用电激发形成的25%单线态激子发光,器件的内量子效率较低(最高为25%)。尽管磷光材料由于重原子中心强的自旋-轨道耦合增强了系间穿越,可以有效利用电激发形成的单线态激子和三线态激子发光,使器件的内量子效率达到100%。但磷光
材料昂贵,材料稳定性差,器件效率滚降严重等问题限制了其在OLED中的应用。热激活延迟荧光发光材料是继有机荧光材料和有机磷光材料之后发展的第三代有机发光材料。该类材料一般具有小的单线态-三线态能级差(ΔEst),三线态激子可以通过反系间穿越转变成单线态激子发光。这可以充分利用电激发下形成的单线态激子和三线态激子。器件内量子效率可达到100%。同时材料结构可控,性质稳定,价格便宜无需要贵金属,在OLED领域的应用前景广阔。
TADF材料需要具有较小的单线态-三线态能级差,较好是ΔEst<0.3eV,次好是ΔEst<0.2eV,最好是ΔEst<0.1eV。在一个优先的实施方案中,TADF材料有比较小的ΔEst,在另一个优先的实施方案中,TADF有较好的荧光量子效率。一些TADF发光的材料可在下述专利文件中找到:CN103483332(A),TW201309696(A),TW201309778(A),TW201343874(A),TW201350558(A),US20120217869(A1),WO2013133359(A1),WO2013154064(A1),Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,21,2009,4802,Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,98,2011,083302,Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,101,2012,093306,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,11392,Adachi,et.al.Nature Photonics,6,2012,253,Adachi,et.al.Nature,492,2012,234,Adachi,et.al.J.Am.Chem.Soc,134,2012,14706,Adachi,et.al.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed,51,2012,11311,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,9580,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2013,10385,Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3319,Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3707,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3038,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3766,Adachi,et.al.J.Mater.Chem.C.,1,2013,4599,Adachi,et.al.J.Phys.Chem.A.,117,2013,5607,特此将上述列出的专利或文章文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面的表中列出一些合适的TADF发光材料的例子:
本发明还提供一种有机光电组合物或油墨,包括所述的有机化合物或所述的高分子聚合物,以及至少一种有机溶剂。
用于印刷工艺时,油墨的粘度,表面张力是重要的参数。合适的油墨的表面张力参数适合于特定的基板和特定的印刷方法。
在一个优选的实施方案中,按照本发明的油墨在工作温度或在25℃下的表面张力约在19dyne/cm到50dyne/cm范围;更好是在22dyne/cm到35dyne/cm范围;最好是在25dyne/cm到33dyne/cm范围。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,按照本发明的油墨在工作温度或25℃下的粘度约在1cps
到100cps范围;较好是在1cps到50cps范围;更好是在1.5cps到20cps范围;最好是在4.0cps到20cps范围。如此配制的组合物将便于喷墨印刷。
粘度可以通过不同的方法调节,如通过合适的溶剂选取和油墨中功能材料的浓度。按照本发明的包含有所述地有机化合物或高聚物的油墨可方便人们将印刷油墨按照所用的印刷方法在适当的范围调节。一般地,按照本发明的组合物包含本发明的有机化合物或高聚物的重量比为0.3%~30wt%范围,较好的为0.5%~20wt%范围,更好的为0.5%~15wt%范围,更更好的为0.5%~10wt%范围,最好的为1%~5wt%范围。
在一些实施例中,按照本发明的油墨,所述的至少一种的有机溶剂选自基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂,特别是脂肪族链/环取代的芳族溶剂、或芳族酮溶剂,或芳族醚溶剂。
适合本发明的有机溶剂的例子有,但不限于:基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂:对二异丙基苯、戊苯、四氢萘、环己基苯、氯萘、1,4-二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、二戊苯、三戊苯、戊基甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二乙苯、间二乙苯、对二乙苯、1,2,3,4-四甲苯、1,2,3,5-四甲苯、1,2,4,5-四甲苯、丁苯、十二烷基苯、二己基苯、二丁基苯、对二异丙基苯、1-甲氧基萘、环己基苯、二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、1-甲基萘、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3-二丙氧基苯、4,4-二氟二苯甲烷、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、二苯甲烷、2-苯基吡啶、3-苯基吡啶、N-甲基二苯胺、4-异丙基联苯、α,α-二氯二苯甲烷、4-(3-苯基丙基)吡啶、苯甲酸苄酯、1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、2-异丙基萘、二苄醚等;基于酮的溶剂:1-四氢萘酮,2-四氢萘酮,2-(苯基环氧)四氢萘酮,6-(甲氧基)四氢萘酮,苯乙酮、苯丙酮、二苯甲酮、及它们的衍生物,如4-甲基苯乙酮、3-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-甲基苯丙酮、3-甲基苯丙酮、2-甲基苯丙酮,异佛尔酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、葑酮、2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮;芳族醚溶剂:3-苯氧基甲苯、丁氧基苯、苄基丁基苯、对茴香醛二甲基乙缩醛、四氢-2-苯氧基-2H-吡喃、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、1,4-苯并二噁烷、1,3-二丙基苯、2,5-二甲氧基甲苯、4-乙基本***、1,2,4-三甲氧基苯、4-(1-丙烯基)-1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、缩水甘油基苯基醚、二苄基醚、4-叔丁基茴香醚、反式-对丙烯基茴香醚、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1-甲氧基萘、二苯醚、2-苯氧基甲醚、2-苯氧基四氢呋喃、乙基-2-萘基醚、戊醚c己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二***、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚;酯溶剂:辛酸烷酯、癸二酸烷酯、硬脂酸烷酯、苯甲酸烷酯、苯乙酸烷酯、肉桂酸烷酯、草酸烷酯、马来酸烷酯、烷内酯、油酸烷酯等。
进一步,按照本发明的油墨,所述的至少一种的有溶剂可选自:脂肪族酮,例如,2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮等;或脂肪族醚,例如,戊醚、己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二***、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚等。
在另一些实施方案中,所述的油墨进一步包含有另一种有机溶剂。另一种有机溶剂的例子包括(但不限于):甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、氯苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、苯甲醚、吗啉、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,4二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、1,2二氯乙烷、3-苯氧基甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢萘、萘烷、茚和/或它们的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,按照本发明的有机光电组合物是一溶液。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,按照本发明的有机光电组合物是一悬浮液。
本发明实施例中的有机光电组合物中可以包括0.01至20wt%的按照本发明的有机化合物或其混合物,较好的是0.1至15wt%,更好的是0.2至10wt%,最好的是0.25至5wt%的有机化合物或其混合物。
本发明还提供所述的有机化合物或所述的高分子聚合物在有机电子器件中的应用。尤其是作为涂料或印刷油墨在制备有机电子器件时的用途,该制备的方法特别优选的是通过打印或涂布的制备方法。
其中,适合的打印或涂布技术包括(但不限于)喷墨打印,喷印(Nozzle Printing),活版印刷,丝网印刷,浸涂,旋转涂布,刮刀涂布,辊筒印花,扭转辊印刷,平版印刷,柔版印刷,轮转印刷,喷涂,刷涂或移印,狭缝型挤压式涂布等。首选的是凹版印刷,喷印及喷墨印刷。溶液或悬浮液可以另外包括一个或多个组份例如表面活性化合物,润滑剂,润湿剂,分散剂,疏水剂,粘接剂等,用于调节粘度,成膜性能,提高附着性等。有关打印技术,及其对有关溶液的相关要求,如溶剂及浓度,粘度等,的详细信息请参见Helmut Kipphan主编的《印刷媒体手册:技术和生产方法》(Handbook of Print Media:Technologies and Production Methods),ISBN 3-540-67326-1。
所述的有机电子器件可选于,但不限于,有机发光二极管(OLED),有机光伏电池(OPV),有机发光电池(OLEEC),有机场效应管(OFET),有机发光场效应管,有机激光器,有机自旋电子器件,有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)等,特别是OLED。本发明实施例中,优选将所述有机化合物用于OLED器件的发光层。
本发明还提供一种有机电子器件,包括所述的有机化合物和/或所述的高分子聚合物。
一般的,此种有机电子器件至少包含一个阴极,一个阳极及位于阴极和阳极之间的一个功能层,其中所述的功能层中至少包含一种如上所述的有机化合物或高聚物。
在其中一个实施例中,该有机电子器件为有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机光伏电池(OPV)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机场效应管(OFET)、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器,有机自旋电子器件,有机传感器或有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode),特别优选的是有机电致发光器件,如OLED,OLEEC,有机发光场效应管。
在其中一个实施例中,该有机电子器件包括发光层;
所述发光层包括所述的有机化合物或所述的高分子聚合物。
在其中一个实施例中,所述发光层还包括磷光发光体和/或主体材料。
在以上所述的有机电子器件,特别是OLED中,包括一基片,一阳极,至少一所述发光层,一阴极。
基片可以是不透明或透明。一个透明的基片可以用来制造一个透明的发光元器件。例如可参见,Bulovic等Nature 1996,380,p29,和Gu等,Appl.Phys.Lett.1996,68,p2606。基片可以是刚性的或弹性的。基片可以是塑料,金属,半导体晶片或玻璃。最好是基片有一个平滑的表面。无表面缺陷的基片是特别理想的选择。在一个优选的实施方案中,基片是柔性的,可选于聚合物薄膜或塑料,其玻璃化温度Tg为150℃以上,较好是超过200℃,更好是超过250℃,最好是超过300℃。合适的柔性基片的例子有聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)和聚乙二醇(2,6-萘)(PEN)。
阳极可包括一导电金属或金属氧化物,或导电聚合物。阳极可以容易地注入空穴到空穴注入层(HIL)或空穴传输层(HTL)或发光层中。在其中一个实施例中,阳极的功函数和发光层中的发光体或作为HIL或HTL或电子阻挡层(EBL)的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV,较好是小于0.3eV,最好是小于0.2eV。阳极材料的例子包括但不限于:Al、Cu、Au、Ag、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)等。其他合适的阳极材料是已知的,本领域普通技术人员可容易地选择使用。阳极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积,如一合适的物理气相沉积法,包括射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。在某些实施例中,阳极是图案结构化的。图案化的ITO导电基板可在市场上买到,并且可以用来制备根据本发明的器件。
阴极可包括一导电金属或金属氧化物。阴极可以容易地注入电子到EIL或ETL或直接到发光层中。在一个的实施例中,阴极的功函数和发光层中发光体或作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV,较好是小于0.3eV,最好是小于0.2eV。原则上,所有可用作OLED的阴极的材料都可能作为本发明器件的阴极材料。阴极材料的例子包括但不限于:Al、Au、Ag、Ca、Ba、Mg、LiF/Al、MgAg合金、BaF2/Al、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO等。阴极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积,如一合适的物理气相沉积法,包括射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。
OLED还可以包含其他功能层,如空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、电子注入层(EIL)、电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)。适合用于这些功能层中的材料在上面及在WO2010135519A1、US20090134784A1和WO2011110277A1中有详细的描述,特此将此3篇专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述有机电子器件,其发光层是通过本发明的有机光电组合物制备而成。
所述有机电子器件,其发光波长在300到1000nm之间,较好的是在350到900nm之间,更好的是在400到800nm之间。
本发明还提供所述有机电子器件在各种电子设备中的应用,包括,但不限于,显示设备,照明设备,光源,传感器等等。
本发明还涉及包含有按照本发明的有机电子器件的电子设备,包括,但不限于,显示设备,照明设备,光源,传感器等等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的有机化合物包含有四个芳香环或杂芳香环共轭单元,其ΔE(S1-T1)≤0.30eV,便于实现热激发延迟荧光发光(TADF)特性。按照本发明的有机化合物可作为TADF发光材料,通过与合适的主体材料配合,便于提高其作为电致发光器件的发光效率及寿命,提供了一种制造成本低、效率高、寿命长、低滚降的发光器件的解决方案。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的有机光电材料及其用途作进一步详细的说明。
在本发明中,组合物和印刷油墨,或油墨具有相同的含义,它们之间可以互换。
在本发明中,主题材料,基质材料,Host或Matrix材料具有相同的含义,它们之间可以互换。
在本发明中,金属有机络合物,金属有机配合物,有机金属配合物具有相同的含义,可以互换。
在本发明中,芳香环系或芳族基团指至少包含一个芳环的烃基,包括单环基团和多环的环***。杂芳香环系或杂芳族基团指包含至少一个杂芳环的烃基(含有杂原子),包括单环基团和多环的环***。这些多环的环可以具有两个或多个环,其中两个碳原子被两个相邻的环共用,即稠环。多环的这些环种,至少一个是芳族的或杂芳族的。对于本发明的目的,芳香族或杂芳香族环系不仅包括芳香基或杂芳香基的体系,而且,其中多个芳基或杂芳基也可以被短的非芳族单元间断(<10%的非H原子,优选小于5%的非H原子,比如C、N或O原子)。因此,比如9,9'-螺二芴,9,9-二芳基芴,三芳胺,二芳基醚等体系,对于该发明目的同样认为是芳香族环系。
具体地,芳族基团的例子有:苯、萘、蒽、菲、二萘嵌苯、并四苯、芘、苯并芘、三亚苯、苊、芴、及其衍生物。
具体地,杂芳族基团的例子有:呋喃、苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、吡咯、吡唑、***、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、噻唑、四唑、吲哚、咔唑、吡咯并咪唑、吡咯并吡咯、噻吩并吡咯、噻吩并噻吩、呋喃并吡咯、呋喃并呋喃、噻吩并呋喃、苯并异噁唑、苯并异噻唑、苯并咪唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、嘧啶、三嗪、喹啉、异喹啉、邻二氮萘、喹喔啉、菲啶、伯啶、喹唑啉、喹唑啉酮、及其衍生物。
在本发明的某些实施例中,Ar1-Ar4至少有一个包含一个未被取代或是被R1取代的具有2-20个碳原子的非芳香族环系。
对于本发明的目的,非芳香族环系在环系中包含1-10优选1-3个碳原子,且不仅包括饱和而且包括部分不饱和的环状体系,它们可以未被取代或被基团R1单或多取代,所述基团R1在每一次出现中可以相同或者不同,并且还可以包含一个或多个杂原子,优选Si、N、P、O、S和/或Ge,特别优选自Si、N、P、O和/或S。这些例如可以是类环己基或类哌啶体系,也可以是类环辛二烯环状体系。该术语同样适用于稠合的非芳香环系。
按照本发明的有机化合物是一种小分子材料。
本发明中所定义的术语“小分子”是指不是聚合物,低聚物,树枝状聚合物,或共混物的分子。小分子的分子量≤4000克/摩尔,较好是≤3000克/摩尔,更好是≤2000克/摩尔,最好是≤1500克/摩尔。
高聚物,即Polymer,包括均聚物(homopolymer),共聚物(copolymer),镶嵌共聚物(block copolymer)。另外在本发明中,高聚物也包括树状物(dendrimer),有关树状物的合成及应用请参见Dendrimers and Dendrons,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,2002,Ed.George R.Newkome,Charles N.Moorefield,Fritz Vogtle.。
共轭高聚物(conjugated polymer)是一高聚物,它的主链backbone主要是由C原子的sp2杂化轨道构成,著名的例子有:聚乙炔polyacetylene和poly(phenylene vinylene),其主链上的C原子的也可以被其他非C原子取代,而且当主链上的sp2杂化被一些自然的缺陷打断时,仍然被认为是共轭高聚物。另外在本发明中共轭高聚物也包括主链上包含有芳基胺(aryl amine)、芳基磷化氢(aryl phosphine)及其他杂环芳烃(heteroarmotics)、有机金属络合物(organometallic complexes)等。
特别是通过在通式(1)~(21)单元上和任选在另外存在的单元上的取代基R1,保证了有机小分子化合物的溶解度。如果存在其他的取代基,这些取代基也可以促进溶解度。
取决于取代型式,通式(1)~(21)的结构单元适合于有机小分子化合物中的各种各样的功能。因此,它们优选可用作小分子化合物的主要骨架或者作为发光体。特别是通过取代基X和Y和Q描述了哪些化合物特别适用于哪些功能。取代基R1对通式(1)~(21)单元的电子特性产生影响。
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进行说明。
实施例1
15-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪基-2-yl)-5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入4.98g,10mmol5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑、0.36g,15mmol氢化钠,100ml四氢呋喃,在N2气氛中,室温下搅拌30min,分批加入2.97g,11mmol2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪于60℃反应12小时,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去氢化钠,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷溶解,除去其中的杂质。用甲苯/乙醇重结晶,得产品固体粉末15-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪基-2-yl)-5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑6.2g。MS(ASAP)=729.3。
实施例2
5,10-二苯基-15-(4'-(11-苯基吲哚[3,2-b]并咔唑-5(11H)-yl)-[1,1'-二苯基]-4-yl)-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入4.98g,10mmol5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑、6.2g,11mmol5-(4'-溴-[1,1'-二苯基]-4-yl)-11-苯基-5,11-二氢吲哚[3,2-b]咔唑、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.26g,1mmol18-冠醚-6,3.0g,15mmol碘化亚铜和150ml邻二氯苯,在N2气氛中,160℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。用二氯甲烷、乙醇重结晶,得产品5,10-二苯基-15-(4'-(11-苯基吲哚[3,2-b]并咔唑-5(11H)-yl)-[1,1'-二苯基]-4-yl)-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑8.0g,MS(ASAP)=981.2。
实施例3
15-(3-(4-([1,1':3',1”-四苯基]-5'-yl)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪基-2-yl)苯基)-5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入4.98g,10mmol5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑、5.94g,11.0mmol2-([1,1':3',1”-四苯基]-5'-yl)-4-(3-溴苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.26g,1mmol18-冠醚-6,3.0g,15mmol碘化亚铜和150ml邻二氯苯,在N2气氛中,160℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。用甲苯/石油醚混合溶剂重结晶,得产品白色固体粉末15-(3-(4-([1,1':3',1”-四苯基]-5'-yl)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪基-2-yl)苯基)-5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑7.8g。MS(ASAP)=958.1。
实施例4
4,4'-二(5,10-二苯基-5,10-二氢-15H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑-15-yl)-1,1'-二苯
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入4.98g,10mmol5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑、1.56g,5mmol 4,4'-二溴-1,1'-连二苯、2.4g,25mmol叔丁醇钠,0.44g,2mmolPd(OAc)2,150ml甲苯,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去叔丁醇钠,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷溶解,除去其中
的杂质。用二氧六烷重结晶,得产品固体粉末4,4'-二(5,10-二苯基-5,10-二氢-15H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']并二咔唑-15-yl)-1,1'-二苯4.0g。MS(ASAP)=1145.3。
实施例5
15-(4-(二苯并[b,d]呋喃-4-yl)苯基)-5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入4.98g,10.0mmol5,10-二苯基-10,15-二氢-5H-吡咯[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑、3.54g,11.0mmol 4-(4-溴苯基)二苯并[b,d]呋喃、2.4g,25mmol叔丁醇钠,0.44g,2mmolPd(OAc)2,150ml甲苯,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去叔丁醇钠,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用三氯甲烷溶解,除去其中的杂质。用二氧六烷、乙醇重结晶,得产品固体粉末4,4'-二(5,10-二苯基-5,10-二氢-15H-吡咯并[3,2-c:4,5-c']二咔唑-15-yl)-1,1'-二苯6.0g。MS(ASAP)=740.4。
有机化合物材料的能级可通过量子计算得到,比如利用TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)通过Gaussian09W(Gaussian Inc.),具体的模拟方法可参见WO2011141110。首先用半经验方法“Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)来优化分子几何结构,然后有机分子的能量结构由TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)方法算得“TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91”与基组“6-31G(d)”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)。HOMO和LUMO能级按照下面的校准公式计算,S1,T1和谐振因子f(S1)直接使用。
HOMO(eV)=((HOMO(G)×27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LUMO(G)×27.212)-2.0041)/1.385
其中HOMO(G)和LUMO(G)是Gaussian 09W的直接计算结果,单位为Hartree。结果如表一所示:
表一
材料 | HOMO[eV] | LUMO[eV] | T1[eV] | S1[eV] | ΔEST |
(1) | -5.22 | -2.91 | 2.31 | 2.35 | 0.03 |
(2) | -5.16 | -2.46 | 2.73 | 2.85 | 0.12 |
(3) | -5.13 | -2.92 | 2.32 | 2.32 | 0.01 |
(4) | -5.18 | -2.62 | 2.74 | 2.75 | 0.01 |
(5) | -5.11 | -2.54 | 2.75 | 2.82 | 0.06 |
Ref1 | -5.08 | -3.14 | 1.90 | 1.91 | 0.01 |
其中,ΔE(S1–T1)的值不大于0.12eV,满足小于0.30eV的延迟荧光发光条件。
与上述延荧光发光材料进行比较的是D-A体系结构的延迟荧光发光材料以Ref 1标记:
OLED器件的制备:
具有ITO/NPD(35nm)/5%(1)~(5):mCP(15nm)/TPBi(65nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(150nm)/阴极的OLED器件的制备步骤如下:
a、导电玻璃基片的清洗:首次使用时,可用多种溶剂进行清洗,例如氯仿、酮、异丙醇进行清洗,然后进行紫外臭氧等离子处理;
b、HTL(35nm),EML(15nm),ETL(65nm):在高真空(1×10-6毫巴,mbar)中热蒸镀而成;
c、阴极:LiF/Al(1nm/150nm)在高真空(1×10-6毫巴)中热蒸镀而成;
d、封装:器件在氮气手套箱中用紫外线硬化树脂封装。
各OLED器件的电流电压(J-V)特性通过表征设备来表征,同时记录重要的参数如效率,寿命及外部量子效率。经检测,OLED1(对应主体材料(1))的发光效率和寿命都是OLED Ref1(对应主体材料(Ref1))的3倍以上,OLED3(对应主体材料(3))的发光效率是OLED Ref1的4倍,而寿命是6倍以上,特别是OLED3的最大外部量子效率达到12%以上。可见,采用本发明的有机混合物制备的OLED器件,其发光效率和寿命均得到大大提高,且外部量子效率也得到明显提高。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (22)
- 一种如式(1)所示结构特征的有机化合物:其中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar6或Ar7相同或不同的任选自具有2~40个碳原子的芳香族、杂芳香族或者非芳香族环系,且被一个或多个R1取代或者未取代;R1任选自:H;D;具有1~20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基;具有3~20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基或甲硅烷基;具有1~20个C原子的取代的酮基基团;具有2~20个C原子的烷氧基羰基;具有2~10个碳原子的芳基或杂芳基;具有7~20个C原子的芳氧基羰基;氰基;氨基甲酰基;卤甲酰基;甲酰基;异氰基;异氰酸酯基;硫氰酸酯基;异硫氰酸酯基;羟基;硝基;CF3;Cl;Br;F;可交联的基团;具有5~40个成环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系;具有5~40个成环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基;n为1或2;n1为0或1;X,Y,Q,Z,U为单键或桥联基,它们与Ar1,Ar2,Ar3,Ar4,Ar5或Ar6以单键或双键相连;其中,X,Y,Q中至少有一个不同于Z或U。
- 根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,Ar5、Ar6、Ar7中至少有一个包括供电子基,和/或至少有一个包括吸电子基。
- 一种高分子聚合物,其特征在于,其重复单元中包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的有机化合物的结构特征。
- 一种有机光电材料,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的有机化合物或权利要求15所述的高分子聚合物,以及至少一种有机功能材料;所述有机功能材料选自空穴注 入材料,空穴传输材料,电子传输材料,电子注入材料,电子阻挡材料,空穴阻挡材料,发光体,主体材料和有机染料。
- 一种有机光电组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的有机化合物或权利要求15所述的高分子聚合物,以及至少一种有机溶剂。
- 权利要求1-14任一项所述的有机化合物或权利要求15所述的高分子聚合物在有机电子器件中的应用。
- 一种有机电子器件,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的有机化合物和/或权利要求15所述的高分子聚合物。
- 根据权利要求19所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,该有机电子器件为有机发光二极管、有机光伏电池、有机发光电池、有机场效应管、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器,有机自旋电子器件,有机传感器或有机等离激元发射二极管。
- 根据权利要求19所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,该有机电子器件包括发光层;所述发光层包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的有机化合物或权利要求15所述的高分子聚合物。
- 根据权利要求21所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述发光层还包括磷光发光体和/或主体材料。
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