WO2017085883A1 - リレーの異常検出装置及びパワーコンディショナ - Google Patents
リレーの異常検出装置及びパワーコンディショナ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017085883A1 WO2017085883A1 PCT/JP2015/082782 JP2015082782W WO2017085883A1 WO 2017085883 A1 WO2017085883 A1 WO 2017085883A1 JP 2015082782 W JP2015082782 W JP 2015082782W WO 2017085883 A1 WO2017085883 A1 WO 2017085883A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
- G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a relay abnormality detection device and a power conditioner used for grid interconnection and the like.
- a distributed DC power supply equipped with solar cells, fuel cells, etc. is configured with a power conditioner that converts frequency and voltage into AC power adapted to the commercial system for use in connection with the commercial system. ing.
- the power conditioner converts DC power generated by a solar cell, a fuel cell, etc. into DC power having a predetermined voltage value, and converts DC power output from the DC / DC converter into AC power.
- a DC / AC inverter and an LC filter for removing high frequency components from the output waveform of the DC / AC inverter are provided.
- Power conditioners connected to solar cells, fuel cells, etc. are connected to the grid, and a ground fault or short circuit accident occurs, or planned power outages cause power transmission from the substation to the distribution lines.
- the system In the stopped state, that is, when an independent operation state is reached, the system is controlled by the controller of the power conditioner in order to prevent the influence on the operation of the division switch and to ensure safety during maintenance work of the distribution line etc.
- the interconnection relay is opened, and the distributed power source is disconnected from the distribution line.
- the distributed power source is switched from the distributed power source to the independent autonomous system that is disconnected from the commercial system or independent from the commercial system. Power is supplied.
- the power conditioner control device includes a current control block that controls the DC / AC inverter so that an alternating current synchronized with the phase of the commercial system is output from the DC / AC inverter during grid connection, and a stand-alone system when disconnected. Is provided with a voltage control block for controlling the DC / AC inverter so that a predetermined level of AC voltage is output.
- the voltage of the predetermined level is a voltage for a low-voltage consumer defined in Article 26 of the Electricity Business Act and Article 44 of the Enforcement Regulations of the Act, and is 101 ⁇ 6V with respect to the standard voltage 100V and 202 with respect to the standard voltage 200V. Voltage within ⁇ 20V.
- the contact points of the grid connection relay are normally in advance to prevent reverse charging and asynchronous charging to the commercial system. It is necessary to detect whether or not the system connection operation is in an abnormal state such as welding of the contact points of the grid connection relay, and it is necessary to prevent the transition from the grid connection operation to the independent operation. .
- Patent Document 1 includes a filter circuit that smoothes AC power from an inverter circuit, inverter circuit control means that controls the operation state of the inverter circuit, control means that controls connection or disconnection of a grid interconnection relay, , Connected between the filter circuit and the grid connection relay, for detecting the current flowing through the filter circuit, and for the grid connection when the inverter circuit is controlled to be stopped by the inverter circuit control means.
- a grid interconnection device having means for detecting an abnormality of the grid interconnection device based on the control state of the relay and the detection result of the current detection unit.
- the abnormality detection means determines whether or not the contact of the grid connection relay is welded based on whether or not reactive current is flowing from the commercial system to the capacitor of the filter circuit with the inverter circuit stopped. Is configured to do.
- Patent Document 2 when the commercial system is operating normally, the DC / AC inverter circuit is controlled to be in a stopped state, and the grid connection relay is controlled to be in an open state.
- the potential difference between the input side of the first grid connection relay and the output side of the second grid connection relay By detecting the potential difference between the output side of one grid connection relay and the input side of the second grid connection relay with a photocoupler, etc., before the inverter circuit and the commercial system are linked, A grid interconnection device that detects whether or not the grid interconnection relay or the second grid interconnection relay is welded has been proposed.
- the grid interconnection device is configured to operate the inverter circuit and perform the same detection operation when the commercial system fails.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a grid-connected inverter device that can safely start a grid-connected operation with a commercial system after confirming that both the switch for interconnection and the inverter circuit unit are normal. Yes.
- the grid-connected inverter device includes an inverter circuit unit that converts DC power supplied from a DC power source into AC power, an output voltage detector that detects an output voltage of the inverter circuit unit, an inverter circuit unit, and a commercial system.
- An interconnection switch for establishing interconnection, a system voltage detector for detecting a commercial system voltage, and a control circuit unit for controlling the inverter circuit unit and the interconnection switch are provided.
- the control circuit unit confirms the open circuit state of the interconnection switch based on the detection value of the output voltage detector
- the inverter circuit unit is started, and the detection value of the output voltage detector and the system voltage detector It is configured to perform control to close the interconnection switch when the detected value becomes substantially equal.
- the grid-connected inverter device short-circuits a current limiting resistor that consumes a current generated by a voltage difference between the inverter circuit unit and the commercial system and the current limiting resistor between the inverter circuit unit and the switching switch.
- a resistance short-circuiting switch that is configured to perform control to close the resistance short-circuiting switch at a predetermined timing after the control circuit unit closes the interconnection switch.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a power converter that can detect an abnormality of a switch disposed between a power converter and a terminal for independent operation.
- the power conversion device includes: a power conversion unit that converts power supplied from an external device into predetermined power; a first terminal connected between the power operation unit connected to a power system and the power conversion unit; A switch, a second switch connected between a terminal for independent operation connected to a load and the power conversion unit, a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage of the terminal for independent operation, and the power conversion unit And a controller for controlling the first switch and the second switch.
- the control unit outputs a control signal for opening the first switch and the second switch, respectively, and in a control state in which a predetermined voltage is output from the power conversion unit, An abnormality determination process for determining an abnormality of the second switch is executed based on the voltage of the terminal for independent operation detected by the voltage detection unit.
- the abnormality detection means of the grid interconnection device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is configured to detect the presence or absence of reactive current flowing from the commercial system to the filter circuit by stopping the inverter circuit during grid interconnection or disconnection. For this reason, when the commercial system has a power failure and starts independent operation, there has been a problem that an abnormality of the grid interconnection relay cannot be detected.
- a power generation system incorporating a single-phase AC generator is equipped with a distributed power source with a solar panel, and a power-supply switching relay with a normally open A contact and a normally closed B contact
- a self-supporting solar power generation system that supplies power in a complementary manner to a load, it is necessary to avoid power supply switching if it is in an abnormal state such that the contact of the power supply switching relay is welded.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a specific relay such as a grid interconnection relay or a power supply switching relay with high accuracy without increasing the component cost when a commercial system starts a self-sustained operation due to a power failure or the like. It is in the point which provides the abnormality detection apparatus and power conditioner of the relay which can detect abnormality of this.
- a first characteristic configuration of the abnormality detection device for a relay includes an inverter that converts DC power into AC power, as described in claim 1 of the claims, and An LC filter that removes high-frequency components from the output voltage of the inverter, and a grid-connected operation linked to a commercial system via a specific relay for grid connection and a self-sustained operation that supplies power to a stand-alone system via a relay for a stand-alone system
- the power conditioner is configured to be switchable to either a power supply from a commercial system or a power supply by a self-sustained operation via a specific relay for power supply switching.
- An abnormality detection device for a relay that detects an abnormality of the specific relay at the time of switching to operation, the commercial system voltage determination process for determining presence or absence of a commercial system voltage, and the commercial system voltage
- the abnormality determination of the specific relay is performed based on the presence / absence of an input current to the power conditioner in a state where the contact of the specific relay is controlled to be opened.
- the contact of the specific relay is controlled to open, and based on the presence or absence of the output current from the power conditioner And a second current determination process for determining abnormality of the specific relay.
- commercial system voltage determination processing is executed at the time of switching to independent operation, and the presence or absence of commercial system voltage is determined. At this time, if it is determined that there is a commercial grid voltage, the first current determination process is executed, and if it is determined that there is no commercial grid voltage, the second current determination process is executed.
- the abnormality of the grid connection relay is determined based on whether or not current flows from the commercial system to the power conditioner while the contact of a specific relay such as the grid connection relay is controlled to open. Whether or not there is is determined.
- whether or not there is an abnormality in the specific relay is determined based on whether or not current flows from the power conditioner to the load connected to the commercial system in a state where the contact of the specific relay is controlled to open. Done. Accordingly, it is possible to appropriately determine the abnormality of the specific relay while avoiding reverse charging or asynchronous charging to the commercial system.
- the first current determination process includes a capacitor capacitance C inv , an internal resistance R c , capacitor current i c, as free-standing system voltage e sd as a measurement value, in that it is configured to calculate the capacitor current i c which is calculated based on the equation [equation 1] below as the input current .
- the current value flowing into the capacitor of the LC filter is calculated by measuring the self-sustained system voltage esd using an existing voltage detection circuit that detects the output voltage of the self-supporting system and substituting the value into the formula [Equation 1]. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not current flows from the commercial system via the specific relay without providing a separate current detection circuit.
- the instantaneous value of the commercial system voltage becomes equal to the instantaneous value of the free-standing system voltage, and the change in the current flowing through the capacitor can be captured.
- the welding state of a specific relay can be determined from the change state of the electric current which flows into a capacitor
- the specific relay is not short-circuited, the current flowing through the capacitor becomes almost zero.
- s is a Laplace operator (Laplace variable).
- the first current determination process is configured such that the absolute value of the input current measured at a predetermined sampling period is The specific relay is determined to be abnormal when it is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value continuously for a plurality of times and the absolute value of the input current increases every time it is measured.
- the current value based on the value measured at a predetermined sampling period is a predetermined threshold value or more and the absolute value is increased a plurality of times, it is determined that the current from the commercial system flows into the capacitor constituting the LC filter.
- the second current determination process includes a capacitor capacitance C inv of the LC filter.
- the inverter When there is no commercial system voltage, the inverter is driven to output a predetermined independent system voltage esd from the power conditioner, and the measured output current i inv of the inverter and the independent system voltage esd are expressed by the following equation And the output current i sp from the power conditioner is calculated by the equation [Equation 2]. That is, when the contact of the specific relay is welded, the current flowing out from the power conditioner to the load connected to the commercial system is detected.
- the second current determination process includes a difference before and after the maximum value of the output current of the power conditioner. And when the absolute value of the output current of the power conditioner becomes smaller every time measurement is performed, the specific relay is determined to be abnormal. .
- the difference between the calculated maximum values of the output current of the power conditioner is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold continuously several times, and the absolute value of the output current of the power conditioner is measured every time measurement is performed.
- the peak value of the output current of the power conditioner is always a constant value.
- the abnormality detection processing unit controls the opening of all the contacts of the specific relay. After the first current determination process or the second current determination process is executed, the first current determination process or the second current determination process is executed every time the closing control is performed independently for each contact. It is in the point which is comprised.
- the number of contacts of the specific relay varies depending on whether the inverter output is single-phase or three-phase, and the result of each determination process described above varies depending on which contact is welded. That is, after opening control of all the contacts of the specific relay, the first current determination process and the second current determination process are executed, and when it is determined that the contacts are welded, it becomes clear that all the contacts are welded. Further, the first current determination process and the second current determination process are executed every time when the closing control is performed independently for each contact, and when it is determined that the contact is welded, the contact whose opening is controlled is welded. Becomes clear.
- the abnormality detection processing unit adds the result of the commercial system voltage determination process to the result. Based on the voltage setting process for setting the output voltage of the power conditioner at the time of abnormality detection to a different value and setting the reference voltage for abnormality determination of the specific relay to a different value, and the contact of the specific relay In a state where the opening is controlled, the abnormality determination of the specific relay is performed based on a magnitude relationship between a difference between the voltage on the power conditioner side and the voltage on the commercial system side and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage by a predetermined reliability coefficient. And a voltage determination process for performing the above-described operation is further performed before or after the first current determination process or the second current determination process.
- the commercial system voltage determination process is performed by a preset power conditioner. Based on the magnitude relationship between the value obtained by multiplying the independent power system voltage setting value by the predetermined reliability coefficient and the commercial system voltage, and the magnitude relation between the value obtained by multiplying the independent system frequency by the predetermined reliability coefficient and the commercial system frequency The configuration is such that the presence or absence of commercial system voltage is determined.
- the presence or absence of the commercial grid voltage can be accurately determined without causing erroneous determination due to noise or the like.
- the first characteristic configuration of the power conditioner according to the present invention is, as described in claim 9, a grid interconnection operation linked to a commercial grid via a grid interconnection specific relay, and a stand-alone grid relay.
- a control device capable of switching between independent operation for supplying power to the independent system via the power supply, or a control device capable of switching between power supply from the commercial system and power supply by the independent operation via a specific relay for power supply switching A single-phase or three-phase power conditioner that has the above-described first to eighth characteristic configuration is incorporated in the control device.
- the abnormality detection processing unit determines that the contact of the specific relay is welded, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenient situations such as reverse charging and asynchronous charging to the commercial system by avoiding independent operation. become.
- the second characteristic configuration of the power conditioner according to the present invention is that, as described in claim 10, power supply from a commercial system and power supply by a self-sustained operation via a specific relay having an A contact and a B contact for power supply switching.
- a single-phase or three-phase power conditioner provided with a control device that can be switched to any one of the above, a commercial system voltage determination process and a second current of the first characteristic configuration of the relay abnormality detection device described above
- the abnormality detection device that executes the determination processing and the voltage setting processing and voltage determination processing of the seventh characteristic configuration of the relay abnormality detection device described above is incorporated in the control device.
- an abnormality of a specific relay such as a grid interconnection relay or a power supply switching relay can be accurately performed without increasing the component cost. It is now possible to provide a relay abnormality detection device and a power conditioner capable of detecting the above.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a distributed power source including a power conditioner.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the on / off operation of the grid interconnection relay when an abnormality is detected.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing commercial system voltage determination processing.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an abnormality detection method for the grid interconnection relay.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the first current determination process.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the second current determination process when the threshold is equal to or greater than the determination threshold.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the second current determination process when it is equal to or less than the determination threshold.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of a distributed power supply showing another embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of a distributed power supply showing another embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of a distributed power supply showing another embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows another embodiment and is a flowchart showing a voltage determination process of a single-phase AC generator in the distributed power source of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing another embodiment and a method for detecting an abnormality of the A contact of the power supply switching relay in the distributed power source of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing another embodiment and a method for detecting an abnormality of the B contact of the power supply switching relay in the distributed power source of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a solar power generation device 1 which is an example of a distributed power source.
- the solar power generation device 1 includes a solar cell panel SP and a power conditioner PCS connected to the solar cell panel SP.
- DC power generated by the solar panel SP is supplied to the power conditioner PCS via a DC circuit breaker and a surge absorber (not shown).
- Power conditioner PCS is given a DC / DC converter 2 for boosting the power DC voltage to a predetermined DC link voltage V dc by solar panels SP, the DC link voltage V dc boosted by the DC / DC converter 2 DC / AC inverter 3 for converting the AC voltage into the AC voltage, LC filter 4 for removing harmonics from the AC voltage output from the DC / AC inverter 3, and control for controlling the DC / DC converter 2 and the DC / AC inverter 3
- the apparatus 5 etc. are provided.
- the AC power converted by the power conditioner PCS is connected to the commercial system 100 via the grid connection relay Ry1 and supplied to the AC load R uw , and is disconnected from the commercial system 100 due to a power failure of the commercial system 100 or the like. Then, power is supplied to the self-supporting load R sd via the self-supporting system relay Ry2.
- the grid interconnection relay Ry1 is the specific relay of the present invention.
- the contacts of the grid interconnection relay Ry1 are indicated by S u and S w
- the two contacts of the independent grid relay Ry2 are indicated by S sd .
- the control device 5 of the power conditioner PCS includes a microcomputer, a memory, peripheral circuits including an input / output circuit including an AD converter, and the like, and a control program stored in the memory is stored by a CPU incorporated in the microcomputer. The desired function is realized by being executed.
- the converter control unit 5a that controls the boost switch of the DC / DC converter 2
- the inverter control unit 5b that controls the switch constituting the bridge of the DC / AC inverter 3
- the abnormality in the grid interconnection relay Ry1 Each control block that functions as the detected abnormality detection processing unit 5 c is embodied as the control device 5.
- the converter control unit 5a monitors the input voltage, input current, and output voltage to the DC / DC converter 2 and executes MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control for operating the solar cell panel SP at the maximum power point.
- the DC / DC converter 2 is boosted to output a predetermined DC link voltage V dc to the DC / AC inverter 3.
- the inverter control unit 5b is configured to control the inverter 3 so as to perform grid-connected operation via the grid interconnection relay Ry1, or to control the inverter 3 so as to operate independently via the independent grid relay Ry2. Has been.
- the inverter control unit 5b includes a current control block that controls the output current of the inverter 3 so as to synchronize with the phase of the commercial system voltage during grid connection operation, and a voltage control that supplies AC power of a predetermined voltage to the independent system when disconnected.
- a block and functional blocks such as an isolated operation detection block for detecting whether or not the system is in an isolated operation state during grid interconnection operation are provided.
- the abnormality detection processing unit 5c detects whether there is an abnormality in the grid interconnection relay Ry1 during the transition from grid interconnection operation to independent operation, and detects that a contact welding abnormality has occurred in the grid interconnection relay Ry1. Then, the alarm display indicating the failure is turned on, and the independent operation control by the inverter control unit 5b is stopped. That is, the abnormality detection processing unit 5c functions as the abnormality detection device of the present invention.
- a monitor signal of the output current i inv detected by a current transformer provided downstream of the inductor L constituting the LC filter 4 is input to the AD conversion unit of the control device 5.
- a monitor signal of the independent system voltage esd of the power conditioner PCS detected by a resistance voltage dividing circuit provided on the upstream side of the independent system relay Ry2 is input to the AD converter of the control device 5, and the system interconnection
- a monitor signal of the commercial system voltage e uw detected by a resistance voltage dividing circuit provided on the downstream side of the relay Ry1 is input to the AD converter of the control device 5.
- the independent system voltage e sd and the independent system frequency f sd of the power conditioner PCS are obtained, and the commercial system voltage e uw and the commercial system frequency f Grid are obtained.
- the inverter control unit 5b closes the grid interconnection relay Ry1 and performs grid interconnection operation when the generated power of the solar panel SP reaches a value that enables interconnection with the commercial system, and generates power of the solar panel SP. Or the isolated operation detection block detects that it is in the isolated operation state, the system interconnection relay Ry1 is opened and disconnected from the commercial system.
- the inverter control unit 5b When the inverter control unit 5b is disconnected from the commercial system due to the single operation state and the generated power of the solar panel SP is a value sufficient for the independent operation, the inverter control unit 5b activates the abnormality detection processing unit 5c. Abnormality detection of the interconnection relay Ry1 is performed.
- the inverter control unit 5b activates the inverter 3 and closes the independent grid relay Ry2 to operate independently.
- the detection processing unit 5c determines that the grid interconnection relay Ry1 is abnormal, the DC / AC inverter 3 is stopped without closing the independent grid relay Ry2.
- the abnormality detection processing executed in the abnormality detection processing unit 5c includes contact control processing for opening or closing the contact of the grid interconnection relay Ry1, commercial system voltage determination processing, output voltage setting processing for the inverter 3, Current determination processing and voltage determination processing are included.
- Abnormality detection processing unit 5c all the contacts S u of the system interconnection relay Ry1, with contacts after opening controlled S w executes the current determination processing and voltage judgment processing described later determines whether or not welded , and it is configured to execute the current determination processing and voltage judgment processing whenever the closing control for each contact S u or S w.
- each check time and delay time T dly are 200 msec. Is set to Such an open / close control sequence for the grid interconnection relay Ry1 is the contact control processing step described above.
- the delay time T dly can be changed to an appropriate time depending on the type of grid interconnection relay.
- FIG. 3 shows a welding determination preparation flow of the grid interconnection relay Ry1 that executes the above-described commercial system voltage determination processing step and voltage setting processing step.
- E * sd. rms is a command value of the effective value of the output voltage during the self-sustaining operation
- x is a reliability coefficient set to a value in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 in order to ensure the accuracy of determination.
- x 0.5 Is set to
- the independent system frequency f sd is set to the same value as the commercial system frequency f Grid .
- the command value E * sd. rms is set to a value of 40 V, which is lower than the rated output voltage effective value of 100 V during self-sustaining operation.
- the commercial system voltage is measured for at least one cycle (20 msec. If the commercial system frequency is 50 Hz), the absolute value
- the commercial system voltage may be measured for a plurality of periods, and the average of the absolute values
- the product of the commercial system frequency f Grid , the independent system frequency f sd and the reliability coefficient x is compared.
- the value of the reliability coefficient x is a coefficient for ensuring the reliability of judgment. The closer the value is to 1, the more easily affected by noise, but the more severe it can be judged. It becomes a bad judgment.
- an intermediate value of 0.5 is preferably used.
- step S4 it is determined that there is a commercial system voltage when both of the two formulas [Equation 3] are established, and it is determined that there is no commercial system voltage when neither of them is established.
- Steps S3 and S4 described above are the predetermined relationship between the value obtained by multiplying the preset output voltage setting value of the power conditioner PCS by a predetermined reliability coefficient and the commercial system voltage, and the independent system frequency with the predetermined reliability coefficient.
- This is a commercial system voltage determination processing step for determining the presence or absence of the commercial system voltage based on the magnitude relationship between the value multiplied by the commercial system frequency.
- the preset output voltage setting value of the power conditioner PCS may be a rated voltage value required during independent operation, or a dedicated voltage value for detecting an abnormality lower than the rated voltage value. Good. Even when the commercial system voltage and the rated voltage of the independent operation are different values, the presence or absence of the commercial system voltage can be accurately determined by appropriately setting the output voltage set value and the reliability coefficient.
- Equation [3] by checking not only the commercial system voltage but also the commercial system frequency, it is possible to accurately determine the presence or absence of the commercial system voltage without causing erroneous determination due to noise or the like. .
- the reference value E chk for performing contact welding determination in the voltage determination processing is the effective value E uw.
- the delay time T chk that is set to rms and determines the difference between the independent system voltage and the commercial system voltage is set to the reciprocal of the commercial system frequency (S5).
- the command value of the output voltage of the power conditioner PCS when an abnormality is detected is set (S6), and the reference value E chk for determining contact welding is determined as the independent system voltage.
- the effective value E sd.rms is set, and the delay time T chk at this time is set to the reciprocal of the independent system frequency (S7).
- Steps S5 to S7 described above are voltage setting processing steps.
- E * sd.rms is the command value of the effective value of the autonomous system voltage
- ⁇ sd is the phase angle of the autonomous system voltage.
- the commercial system voltage determination process step for determining the presence or absence of the commercial system voltage is executed, and based on the result of the commercial system voltage determination process step, the power setting PCS is self-supporting in the voltage setting process step.
- the system voltage and the reference voltage E chk for determining the abnormality of the grid connection relay Ry1 are set to different values.
- the power conditioner PCS is controlled by the control device 5 so as to shift to a self-sustained operation when the commercial system loses power. However, the commercial system voltage may be temporarily lowered to recover soon. In such a case, if the grid connection relay Ry1 is welded, an inconvenient situation such as reaching an asynchronous input state may occur, and the power conditioner PCS may be damaged.
- the commercial system voltage determination process is executed before the voltage setting process, and the reference value for determining the abnormality of the independent grid voltage of the power conditioner PCS and the grid connection relay Ry1 is changed according to the result.
- the reference value for determining the abnormality of the independent grid voltage of the power conditioner PCS and the grid connection relay Ry1 is changed according to the result.
- the self-sustained system voltage of the power conditioner PCS is set to 0 V and the value of the commercial system voltage is set to a reference value, the accuracy of the power conditioner PCS is not increased. It is possible to perform welding determination of high-contact.
- FIG. 4 shows a welding determination flow of the contacts of the grid interconnection relay Ry1.
- the self-sustained operation is activated (S11)
- the above-described contact control processing step is executed (S12). If it is determined by the commercial system voltage determination process that there is a commercial system voltage (S13, Y), whether or not there is an input current to the power conditioner PCS while the contact of the grid interconnection relay Ry1 is controlled to open. Based on this, a first current determination process (S14) for determining abnormality of the grid interconnection relay Ry1 is executed.
- the capacitor capacity C inv of the LC filter 4 the internal resistance R c , the capacitor current i c , and the self-sustained system voltage esd serving as a measurement value are based on the following formula [Equation 5].
- the calculated capacitor current ic is calculated as the input current. Note that s is a Laplace operator (Laplace variable).
- the first current determination process is continuously performed at least three times in order to determine the change state of the absolute value
- the threshold value I c.chk can be determined by the following equation [Equation 6]. However, P sd. “rated” is the rated output power during the autonomous operation, “E * sd.rms” is the command value of the effective value of the autonomous system voltage, “y” is a reliability coefficient, and is a positive number of y ⁇ 1.
- the predetermined sampling period T s may be any sampling period that satisfies the condition of the reciprocal of the maximum switching frequency of the switching elements constituting the inverter.
- step S14 in order to determine the change state of the absolute value
- the capacitor capacity C inv of the LC filter 4 the internal resistance R c , the self-sustained system voltage e sd , the capacitor current i c , and the output current i inv of the inverter serving as a measurement value are expressed by the following formula: the output current i sp power conditioner PCS is calculated based on [Equation 7] is configured to calculate an output current to a load connected to the grid.
- the inverter 3 is driven power from conditioner PCS predetermined autonomous system voltage e sd is output, formula from autonomous system voltage e sd and the measured inverter current i inv [Equation 5] I c obtained by the above is substituted into the equation [Equation 7] to calculate the output current i sp from the power conditioner PCS.
- self-supporting system voltage e sd is a value detected by the resistance voltage dividing circuit for detecting an output voltage e sd inverter.
- the second current determination process is performed by the maximum value I sp. Of the output current i sp of the power conditioner PCS .
- a predetermined threshold value I sp I sp. If it is greater than or equal to chk and if the absolute value
- the determination process may be repeated a plurality of times in consideration of erroneous detection due to noise and in order to reliably detect the change state.
- the difference between the calculated maximum values of the output current of the power conditioner PCS is a predetermined threshold value or more continuously several times and the absolute value of the instantaneous output current i sp
- the rated power P sd When the error flag is set, an abnormality display is turned on on the display panel of the inverter PCS.
- the rated value is 1.5 kW
- the threshold value I sp. chk 2A
- the sampling period is set to 0.5T sd (see FIG. 6).
- the independent system frequency is 50 Hz
- the sampling period is 10 msec. It becomes.
- step S15 the maximum value I sp of the output current i sp.
- the change state of max is the threshold value I sp. If the condition that the condition that the value is less than chk and the value tends to increase is not satisfied is continued for a predetermined time (for example, several cycles), the commercial system is not connected to a load or is connected to a light load.
- the state is determined (S15, N), and the process proceeds to the voltage determination process in step S17. Note that the determination process may be repeated a plurality of times in consideration of erroneous detection due to noise and in order to reliably detect the change state.
- the effective values of the stand- alone system voltage esd and the commercial system voltage e uw of the power conditioner PCS are measured during a predetermined delay time n ⁇ T chk (n is a positive integer) (S17).
- and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage E chk set in the voltage setting processing step by a predetermined reliability coefficient z is determined (S18).
- the reliability coefficient z 0.5 If z is a positive number of z ⁇ 1, the absolute value of the difference
- the comparison value 20V ( 40 ⁇ 0.5) becomes smaller than rms
- 40V.
- the reliability coefficient z 0.5 (z is a positive number of z ⁇ 1). Then, the absolute value of the difference
- the comparison value 50V ( 100 ⁇ 0.5) is smaller than rms
- 100V.
- step S18 the absolute value of the difference
- step S20 the state of the error flag is determined. If the error flag is set (S20, Y), it is determined that the corresponding relay contact is welded, and accordingly the display panel of the power conditioner PCS is abnormal. An abnormality handling process such as turning on the display is executed (S21).
- Step S20 unless confirmed set of error flags (S20, N), all the contacts S u of the system interconnection relay Ry1, S w is opened controlled conditions, closing control for each contact S u or S w
- the processes from step S12 to step S22 are repeated until each abnormality determination process is completed in each of the three states.
- the delay time T chk only needs to be set to a plurality of periods, and is not limited to three periods.
- circuit elements for detecting the output voltage, output current, and commercial system voltage of the power conditioner PCS are originally circuit elements necessary for controlling the power conditioner PCS, in order to determine the welding of the grid interconnection relay Ry2. There is no need to prepare a separate sensor or circuit element.
- the contact point of the grid interconnection relay Ry1 can be surely connected regardless of whether or not the AC load R uw is connected and whether or not there is a commercial grid voltage. It is possible to detect whether or not there is a welding abnormality.
- the present invention has been described by taking the case where the output of the power conditioner PCS is a single phase as an example.
- the present invention has a three-phase output of the power conditioner PCS and the grid interconnection relay Ry1.
- the present invention can also be applied to a case where the contact is composed of three contacts of S u , S v and S w .
- the abnormality detection device for the grid interconnection relay Ry1 has been described by taking the distributed power source including the solar cell panel SP and the power conditioner PCS connected to the solar cell panel SP as an example.
- the power generation device incorporated in the power source is not limited to the solar cell panel SP, and may be any power generation device such as a wind power generation device or a fuel cell.
- the present invention can be applied even to a distributed power source in which a secondary battery Bat such as a lithium ion battery is connected to a DC bus voltage via a bidirectional DC / DC converter 2 ′. it can.
- a secondary battery Bat such as a lithium ion battery
- a bidirectional DC / DC converter 2 ′ it can.
- the configuration is such that the power generated by the solar cell panel SP is charged to the secondary battery Bat via the bidirectional DC / DC converter 2 'and the DC power charged to the secondary battery Bat is supplied to the independent system at night. Can be incorporated into the abnormality detection device for the grid interconnection relay Ry1.
- the power generation system 200 in which the single-phase AC generator G is incorporated is provided with a distributed power source including a solar panel SP, and includes a normally open A contact and a normally closed B contact.
- the abnormality detection apparatus for the grid interconnection relay according to the present invention can also be incorporated into a self-sustained photovoltaic power generation system that complementarily feeds the load R uw of the stand-alone system with the feed switching relay Ry3.
- the power generated by the single-phase AC generator G is supplied to the load Ruw exclusively through the normally closed contact B at night.
- the power generation of the solar panel SP is performed exclusively through the normally open contact A. Electric power is configured to be supplied to the load R uw .
- the abnormality detection device of the specific relay described above causes the power supply switching relay Ry3 to Abnormalities can be detected. That is, the power supply switching relay Ry3 is the specific relay of the present invention.
- a power supply system from the single-phase AC generator G is referred to as a commercial system.
- the second current determination process (S33), the same process as described with reference to FIG. 4 is performed.
- the voltage determination process is executed.
- the effective value of the output voltage e sd of the power conditioner PCS and the commercial system voltage e uw is measured during a predetermined delay time (S34), and the absolute value
- and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage E chk set in the voltage setting processing step by a predetermined reliability coefficient z is determined (S35).
- step S35 the absolute value of the difference
- step S37 the state of the error flag is determined. If the error flag is set (S37, Y), it is determined that the corresponding relay contact is welded, and accordingly, the display panel of the power conditioner PCS is abnormal. An abnormality handling process such as turning on the display is executed (S38).
- step S37 As long as the error flag is set and not confirmed in step S37 (S37, N), all the A contact S u of the power supply switching relay Ry3, S w is opened controlled conditions, closing each contact A S u or S w The processes from step S32 to step S39 are repeated until each abnormality determination process is completed in each of the three controlled states.
- the welding determination process for the B contact of the power supply switching relay Ry3 is executed.
- the power supply switching relay is based on the presence or absence of the output current from the power conditioner PCS.
- a second current determination process (S42) for determining abnormality of Ry3 is executed.
- the same process as described with reference to FIG. 4 is performed.
- the current isp is detected in the second current determination process (S42, Y)
- step S42 When the current isp is not detected in step S42 (S42, N), the voltage determination process in steps S43 and S44 is executed.
- the effective value of the output voltage e sd of the power conditioner PCS and the commercial system voltage e uw is measured during a predetermined delay time (S43), and the absolute value
- and a value obtained by multiplying the reference voltage E chk set in the voltage setting processing step by a predetermined reliability coefficient z is determined (S44).
- step S44 the absolute value of the difference
- step S47 the state of the error flag is determined. If the error flag is set (S47, Y), it is determined that the corresponding relay contact is welded, and accordingly, the display panel of the power conditioner PCS is abnormal. An abnormality handling process such as turning on the display is executed (S48).
- opening control of all contacts of a specific relay means “opening control of all normally open contacts A” or “opening control of all normally closed contacts B” It does not mean that the normally open contact A and the normally closed contact B are simultaneously controlled to be opened.
- the plurality of embodiments described above are merely examples of an abnormality detection method and a power conditioner for a specific relay according to the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by the description. Needless to say, the specific circuit configuration and the abnormality detection algorithm can be changed and designed as appropriate.
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Abstract
Description
|euw|=0 < 0.5×40=20
fGrid =0 < 0.5×50=25
|euw|=141 > 0.5×40=20
fGrid =50 > 0.5×50=25
自立運転が起動されると(S11)、上述の接点制御処理ステップが実行される(S12)。商用系統電圧判定処理により商用系統電圧が有ると判定されていると(S13,Y)、系統連系用リレーRy1の接点が開成制御された状態で、パワーコンディショナPCSへの入力電流の有無に基づいて系統連系用リレーRy1の異常判定を行なう第1電流判定処理(S14)が実行される。
上述の実施形態では、パワーコンディショナPCSの出力が単相である場合を例に本発明を説明したが、本発明はパワーコンディショナPCSの出力が三相であり、系統連系用リレーRy1の接点がSu,Sv,Swの3接点で構成される場合も適用可能である。
2:DC/DCコンバータ
3:DC/ACインバータ
4:LCフィルタ
5:制御装置
5a:コンバータ制御部
5b:インバータ制御部
5c:異常検出処理部
PCS:パワーコンディショナ
Ry1:系統連系用リレー(特定リレー)
Ry2:自立系統用リレー
Ry3:給電切替リレー(特定リレー)
Su,Sw:接点
Claims (10)
- 直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータと前記インバータの出力電圧から高周波成分を除去するLCフィルタを備え、系統連系用の特定リレーを介して商用系統と連系する系統連系運転と自立系統用リレーを介して自立系統に給電する自立運転との何れかに切替可能に構成され、または給電切替用の特定リレーを介して商用系統からの給電と自立運転による給電との何れかに切替可能に構成されたパワーコンディショナに組み込まれ、自立運転への切替時に前記特定リレーの異常を検出するリレーの異常検出装置であって、
商用系統電圧の有無を判定する商用系統電圧判定処理と、
前記商用系統電圧判定処理により商用系統電圧が有ると判定されると、前記特定リレーの接点が開成制御された状態で、前記パワーコンディショナへの入力電流の有無に基づいて前記特定リレーの異常判定を行なう第1電流判定処理と、
前記商用系統電圧判定処理により商用系統電圧が無いと判定されると、前記特定リレーの接点が開成制御された状態で、前記パワーコンディショナからの出力電流の有無に基づいて前記特定リレーの異常判定を行なう第2電流判定処理と、
を実行する異常検出処理部を備えているリレーの異常検出装置。 - 前記第1電流判定処理は、所定のサンプリング周期で計測した前記入力電流の絶対値が複数回連続して所定の閾値以上であり、且つ、計測する度に前記入力電流の絶対値が大きくなる場合に、前記特定リレーが異常であると判定する請求項2記載のリレーの異常検出装置。
- 前記第2電流判定処理は、前記パワーコンディショナの出力電流の最大値の前後の差分を求め、複数回連続して所定の閾値以上であり、且つ、計測する度に前記パワーコンディショナの出力電流の絶対値が小さくなる場合に、前記特定リレーが異常であると判定する請求項4記載のリレーの異常検出装置。
- 前記異常検出処理部は、前記特定リレーの全接点を開成制御した後に前記第1電流判定処理または前記第2電流判定処理を実行するとともに、一接点毎に単独で閉成制御する度に前記第1電流判定処理または前記第2電流判定処理を実行するように構成されている請求項1から5の何れかに記載のリレーの異常検出装置。
- 前記異常検出処理部は、
前記商用系統電圧判定処理の結果に基づいて、異常検出時の前記パワーコンディショナの出力電圧を異なる値に設定するとともに、前記特定リレーの異常判定のための基準電圧を異なる値に設定する電圧設定処理と、
前記特定リレーの接点が開成制御された状態で、前記パワーコンディショナ側の電圧と商用系統側の電圧との差分と、前記基準電圧に所定の信頼係数を掛けた値との大小関係に基づいて前記特定リレーの異常判定を行なう電圧判定処理と、
を前記第1電流判定処理または前記第2電流判定処理の前または後にさらに実行するように構成されている請求項1から6の何れかに記載のリレーの異常検出装置。 - 前記商用系統電圧判定処理は、予め設定されたパワーコンディショナの自立系統電圧設定値に所定の信頼係数を掛けた値と、商用系統電圧との大小関係、及び、自立系統周波数に所定の信頼係数を掛けた値と、商用系統周波数との大小関係に基づいて、商用系統電圧の有無を判定するように構成されている請求項1から7の何れかに記載のリレーの異常検出装置。
- 系統連系用の特定リレーを介して商用系統と連系する系統連系運転と、自立系統用リレーを介して自立系統に給電する自立運転とを切替可能な制御装置、または給電切替用の特定リレーを介して商用系統からの給電と自立運転による給電との何れかに切替可能な制御装置を備えている単相または三相のパワーコンディショナであって、
請求項1から8の何れかに記載のリレーの異常検出装置が前記制御装置に組み込まれているパワーコンディショナ。 - 給電切替用のA接点及びB接点を備えた特定リレーを介して商用系統からの給電と自立運転による給電との何れかに切替可能な制御装置を備えている単相または三相のパワーコンディショナであって、
請求項1記載の商用系統電圧判定処理及び第2電流判定処理と、
請求項7記載の電圧設定処理及び電圧判定処理と、
を実行する異常検出装置が前記制御装置に組み込まれているパワーコンディショナ
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US9970988B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
US20170168115A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
JPWO2017085883A1 (ja) | 2017-11-16 |
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