WO2017085347A1 - Procédé, dispositif et système de surveillance et de caractérisation d'un module solaire photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Procédé, dispositif et système de surveillance et de caractérisation d'un module solaire photovoltaïque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017085347A1
WO2017085347A1 PCT/ES2016/070821 ES2016070821W WO2017085347A1 WO 2017085347 A1 WO2017085347 A1 WO 2017085347A1 ES 2016070821 W ES2016070821 W ES 2016070821W WO 2017085347 A1 WO2017085347 A1 WO 2017085347A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
voltage
measurement
intensity
values
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2016/070821
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Jose Carlos CAMPELO RIVADULLA
Tania Maria GARCIA SANCHEZ
Angel MOLINA GARCIA
Juan Jose SERRANO MARTIN
Emilio Gomez Lazaro
Original Assignee
Universidad Politecnica De Cartagena
Universitat Politècnica De València
Universidad De Castilla La Mancha
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Politecnica De Cartagena, Universitat Politècnica De València, Universidad De Castilla La Mancha filed Critical Universidad Politecnica De Cartagena
Publication of WO2017085347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017085347A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention is part of the photovoltaic energy sector, specifically in photovoltaic solar plants.
  • the object of the invention is the field determination of the state of the modules through the estimation of their voltage-intensity curve, without the need for laboratory tests, without modifying the production of electric power and therefore without altering the operation of the solar plant.
  • This invention is included within a real-time monitoring system of a line of solar panels for knowledge of the status of the modules, the detection of possible faults or malfunction, from the results obtained in the voltage-intensity curve .
  • This monitoring system uses a wireless sensor network to distribute the information.
  • CN103888075 establishes a system to measure voltage and intensity of a photovoltaic module using a rotary table that allows emulating solar conditions, but they are not measured in the field or in installations in operation.
  • a solution based on estimating the power generated by the cell based on temperature and irradiation levels and comparing it with predetermined values is offered in KR101245827. This contribution does not calculate values of the voltage-intensity curve in plant operation, but only offers a comparison between generated power and estimated power.
  • For photovoltaic modules with concentration in US2010066382 there is a solution that requires a light source and a concentration lens system, as well as output measuring instruments of the photovoltaic module. i In KR20140058481 pollution levels are estimated on the surfaces of photovoltaic modules, and in KR101026139 additional power sources are incorporated in case of lack of supply by the solar modules.
  • the comparison of data measured with production estimates or with the obtaining of voltage-intensity curves is based on the adjustment of solar module models that include implicit functions and that are not exempt from convergence problems and high computational cost.
  • an estimation of the parameters of the models based on field measurements is not proposed, but in most cases it is due to previous adjustments that do not include updating.
  • the most commonly used models are single diode and double diode models.
  • the invention allows obtaining in situ or in the field of voltage-intensity curves of photovoltaic solar modules without the need to disconnect the solar modules or face-to-face technical support.
  • it uses processes to estimate the voltage-intensity curves in which the problems of convergence and computational cost have been eliminated, so the requirements of the equipment to carry out the procedure are much lower and the execution times of the procedure They are totally despicable.
  • the device of the invention can be installed in each photovoltaic solar module autonomously and programmably.
  • a set of wireless nodes (one associated with each solar panel to be monitored) is deployed, operating in the form of a wireless network of sensors that allow real-time monitoring of the behavior of the photovoltaic installation.
  • This monitoring system carries out the necessary measures to track and obtain conclusions on the status, performance, operation and / or troubleshooting of photovoltaic modules.
  • the device of the invention measures the vacuum voltage, the short-circuit intensity and the voltage and intensity at the module working point, allowing, with the measurements taken at these three points, the complete estimation of the voltage-intensity curve to obtain a voltage-intensity curve characterized by the module, with a virtually instantaneous computation time.
  • the process of the invention requires a negligible execution time, it is applicable to any type of photovoltaic module, regardless of its technology and the configuration of the solar installation.
  • the device, the system and the method of the invention allow preventive maintenance of the solar installation, as well as the detection of failures or anomalies in the operation of the solar modules.
  • the time required by the method of the invention is milliseconds.
  • the maximum error in the estimation of the curve is between 5-8%, being applicable for both Silicon and Cadmium Telide modules.
  • the device comprises a microcontroller system with radio frequency (RF) stage included to form a wireless sensor network.
  • Each device comprises two relays that are used to measure the open circuit voltage and the short-circuit current during normal module operation. These measurements of vacuum voltage (open circuit voltage) and short circuit current are made in a few seconds, and to avoid transients, a capacitor can be placed at the output of the module. The measurement can be carried out at predetermined time intervals, or at the request of a control center if any anomaly is detected in the set of a linear formed by several modules.
  • the device can also measure the temperature of the solar panel and the voltage and current during normal operation of the panel.
  • the control center has the measure of the solar radiation in the solar garden
  • measurements can be made in the device to have characterizing voltage-intensity curves with different values of solar radiation.
  • the device can also incorporate means of measuring solar radiation.
  • all the modules or solar panels of a linear can have the device, so that it can be measured and known in a very short time, and during the normal operation of the solar garden, the characteristics and performance that are obtained from each of the modules or solar panels of all the linear solar garden.
  • the device can be integrated into the module or panel junction box during the manufacturing of the module, which results in a solar panel that can be called intelligent, since it can know its performance during panel operation without disconnecting it. With a very low cost during the manufacturing process, you can have a very high added value by being able to control each of the solar panels of a solar garden at all times.
  • the device can work in installations of a single module or panel, few modules or solar panels or in installations of solar gardens of any dimension. Taking into account that the sending of data by the nodes or radio communication means incorporated in the device to the information collection points (network sinks or reception means located in a control center) will be done at intervals minutes, there is no problem regarding the simultaneity of sending data and / or collapse of nodes / media or sinks / reception media. This property favors the implementation of the proposed solution even in the case of plants with a high number of modules and therefore with a high number of possible nodes to be located in each photovoltaic panel.
  • the device of the invention can be used as a measuring device of different operating points of voltage-intensity curves of a module or solar panel to estimate, in real time, in the field and without disconnection of the module or solar panel , the voltage-intensity curve characterized by the module or solar panel, the performance of the module or solar panel, detect possible failures in the module or solar panel and be able to perform preventive maintenance of the installation.
  • the device measures the open circuit voltage, the short circuit intensity and the voltage and intensity at a working point.
  • the data can be sent to a control center where the operation of the modules is estimated and, if necessary, generate a warning to change or repair any module.
  • the device can be part of the module or solar panel, since it can be integrated into the module or panel junction box and the module or panel temperature sensor can be placed near it.
  • the measure of solar radiation available in the solar garden can be used. Measurement sensors can be a wireless sensor network, but can also be implemented in a wired manner.
  • the system of the invention allows data to be sent to a control center to determine at the linear level the module or panel that does not work correctly.
  • the procedure and the device comprise the measurement of climatological variables, such as temperature and solar radiation, as well as the measurement of electrical variables, such as voltage and module intensity.
  • a basic embodiment of the process of the invention is defined in claim 1.
  • a basic embodiment of the device of the invention is defined in claim 8.
  • a basic embodiment of the system of the invention is defined in claim 14.
  • the dependent claims define additional features of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of a device of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of a linear panel or module provided with the device of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows voltage-intensity curves in relative magnitudes
  • the abscissa axis represents the module voltage per unit (pu) with respect to the standard conditions, 1000W / m 2 at 25 e C;
  • the ordinate axis represents the module intensity per unit (pu) with respect to the standard conditions, 1000W / m 2 at 25 e C.
  • V 0 Vacuum voltage measurement
  • Vele Characteristic voltage-intensity curve
  • V 0 vacuum voltage measurement
  • Vr, Ir an estimated point of work represented by an asterisk ( * ) on the curve;
  • This estimated work point (Vr, Ir) is estimated from the measurements of radiation (G) and temperature (T)
  • V t -I t Theoretical voltage-intensity curve (V t -I t ), determined by the technical specifications of the module (1); in this curve is the maximum power point of the module
  • Vacuum Relay (1 1 0 , 12 0 )
  • the invention relates to a method, device and system for monitoring and characterizing the state of a photovoltaic solar module (1) which involves: measuring a vacuum voltage (V 0 ) of the module (1); measure a short circuit current (Ice) of the module (1); measure a voltage and intensity at a working point (Vi, h) of the module (1); estimate a voltage-intensity curve from the measurement of vacuum voltage (V 0 ), the measurement of short-circuit intensity (Ice) and the measurement of voltage and intensity at a working point (Vi, h).
  • the device has: a measuring device to measure a vacuum voltage (V 0 ), to measure a short circuit intensity (Ice) and to measure a voltage (Vi) and intensity (h) at a working point of the module (1 ).
  • the monitoring system performs the measurements in each of the photovoltaic modules of interest and transmits them to a control center (2) that centralizes the measurements provided by the devices and estimates voltage-intensity curves from the measurements received, providing users and administrators of the solar garden monitoring information to track, characterize and know the status of each of the modules, the identification of anomalies and their performance, without the need for human intervention or disconnection of the modules
  • Figure 1 shows a device of the invention comprising the measurement of open circuit voltage, or vacuum voltage (V 0 ), short circuit intensity (Ice) and module temperature (1).
  • the device can also measure the voltage (Vi) and intensity (h) with load, which would correspond, for example to the working point (Vi, h).
  • the device may comprise a microcontroller (1 C) which, in turn, may comprise means of communication via radio (1W), to send the measured data to a control center (2).
  • the control center (2) comprises reception means (22) for receiving data and measurements from the solar garden. Solar radiation can be measured through sensors located in the solar garden. The measurement of these data allows obtaining three key points to be able to define the voltage-intensity curve characterized by the photovoltaic module (1). These three points can be the open circuit voltage or vacuum voltage (V 0 ), the short-circuit current (Ice), as well as the voltage and intensity at a working point (Vi, h).
  • Vl The voltage-intensity curves (Vl) estimated from these three points are detailed in Figure 3.
  • the open circuit voltage (V 0 ) and the short circuit current (Ice) define the points corresponding to the cut with the X and Y axes; also, figure 3 shows the voltage and intensity at a working point (Vi, h) theoretically coinciding with the maximum power point of the module (1).
  • Figure 3 shows curves with different values of solar radiation (G) and temperatures (T) that represent the operation of the module at different powers. These curves also show the differences between theoretical work points and estimated work points based on temperature and radiation values.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method of characterizing a photovoltaic solar module (1) comprising:
  • the procedure may include:
  • 3c obtain values of representative parameters of module operation (1) from the comparison with the theoretical voltage-intensity curve (V t -I t ); 4a) determine an operating status of the module (1) based on the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1).
  • the operating status of the module (1) under operating conditions may be selected from:
  • 5a1) normal, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are within acceptable operating values under the operating conditions; 5a2) alert, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are close to exceeding acceptable operating values under the operating conditions;
  • the procedure may comprise: 6a) maintaining a module operation (1) when the operating state is normal;
  • 6b) monitor a module operation (1) when the operating state is alert; 6c) stop a module operation (1) when the operating state is stopped.
  • the procedure may include sending measurement data taken to a control center (2).
  • the procedure can be executed in the field.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a device for characterizing a photovoltaic solar module (1) comprising:
  • intensity measurement means (1 1) configured to obtain a short-circuit intensity measurement (Ice) of the module (1);
  • the voltage measurement means (1 V) and the intensity measurement means (1 1) are configured to obtain a working voltage measurement (Vi) of the module (1) and a working intensity measurement (h ) of the module (1), at a work point during operation of the module (1).
  • the device may comprise:
  • a vacuum relay (1 1 0 , 1 2 0 ) configured to connect / disconnect a vacuum circuit (10o);
  • the vacuum relay (1 1 0 , 1 2 0 ) can comprise a vacuum contactor (1 1 0 ) and a vacuum control (1 2 0 );
  • a short circuit relay (1 1 cc, 1 cc) configured to connect / disconnect a short circuit circuit (10cc);
  • the short-circuit relay (1 1 cc, 1 2cc) can comprise a short-circuit contactor (1 1 cc) and a short-circuit control (12 C c);
  • temperature measuring means (1 T) of the module (1) 13. means of measuring solar radiation (1 R);
  • a microcontroller (1 C) comprising radio communication means (1 W) configured to send measurement data taken in the module (1).
  • the microcontroller (1 C) can be configured to take measurements of vacuum voltage (V 0 ) and short circuit current (Ice) during normal module operation.
  • the microcontroller (1 C) can be connected to the vacuum circuit (1 0o) and the short circuit circuit (10cc).
  • the microcontroller (1 C) can send opening / closing commands to the vacuum control (12 0 ) and the short circuit command (12 C c) so that the vacuum contactor (1 1 0 ) and the short circuit contactor (1 1 ce) open / close the vacuum circuit (10o) and the short circuit (1 0cc).
  • the device can incorporate the capacitor (1 0C) between output terminals (1 S) of the module (1) -
  • the time interval between measurements can be set in an initial configuration Of the device.
  • the interval can also be determined by a control center (2) that determines the operating status of the module (1) based on the measurements recorded for that module (1).
  • the control unit (2) comprises receiving means (22) of the measurements taken in the module (1) and can comprise storage means (21) for storing the measurements taken in a module (1) during a given period.
  • the Control center (2) can order that measurements be taken in shorter time intervals to monitor the operation of the module more closely and act in a manner appropriate to the observed deviation.
  • the invention also comprises an interconnection of devices such as that described in a linear solar panel.
  • Each module (1) or panel can incorporate a measuring device to be able to have controlled and measured at all times the characteristics of the linear set and to detect as quickly as possible, failures that penalize the energy obtained each of the modules (1) included in a linear.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a characterization system of a photovoltaic solar module (1) comprising the device as described above.
  • the system comprises a control center (2) comprising:
  • V c- lc characteristic voltage-intensity curve
  • the process means (23) may comprise:
  • comparison means (231) configured to compare:
  • Vc-lc the characteristic voltage-intensity curve
  • 16a1 b the measurement of working voltage (Vi) and the measurement of working intensity (h); 16a1 c) and combinations thereof;
  • the system forms a monitoring system that, depending on the needs, can monitor both a line and a solar garden as a whole. It will allow greater control and monitoring of the operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels, of the state in which they are found, of possible failures or anomalies, as well as of the generation of their electrical energy.

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé, un dispositif et un système de surveillance et de caractérisation d'un module (1) solaire photovoltaïque qui impliquent de: mesurer une tension de vide (V0) du module (1 ); mesurer une intensité de court-circuit (Icc) du module (1 ); mesurer une tension et une intensité en un point de travail (V1,l1) du module (1 ); estimer une courbe tension-intensité à partir de la mesure de tension de vide (V0), de la mesure d'intensité de court-circuit (Icc) et de la mesure de tension et intensité en un point de travail (V1,l1). Le dispositif comprend: un matériel de mesure servant à mesurer une tension de vide (V0), une intensité de court-circuit (Icc) et une tension (V1) et intensité (l1) en un point de travail du module (1 ). Le système de surveillance transmet les mesures à une centrale de contrôle (2) qui centralise les mesures des dispositifs et estime les courbes tension-intensité sur la base des mesures reçues.
PCT/ES2016/070821 2015-11-20 2016-11-18 Procédé, dispositif et système de surveillance et de caractérisation d'un module solaire photovoltaïque WO2017085347A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201531691A ES2578940B2 (es) 2015-11-20 2015-11-20 Procedimiento, dispositivo y sistema de monitorización y caracterización de un módulo solar fotovoltaico
ESP201531691 2015-11-20

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WO2017085347A1 true WO2017085347A1 (fr) 2017-05-26

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110595742B (zh) * 2019-09-18 2021-07-30 广东产品质量监督检验研究院（国家质量技术监督局广州电气安全检验所、广东省试验认证研究院、华安实验室） 一种机械载荷对光伏组件性能长期潜在影响的检测方法

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EP1398687A2 (fr) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-17 Solarnet GmbH Procedé et dispositif pour surveiller le fonctionnement d'une installation photovoltaique
WO2012075172A2 (fr) * 2010-11-30 2012-06-07 Ideal Power Converters Inc. Systèmes, procédés, et dispositifs de réseaux photovoltaïques, et diagnostic et surveillance améliorés
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US6111767A (en) * 1998-06-22 2000-08-29 Heliotronics, Inc. Inverter integrated instrumentation having a current-voltage curve tracer
EP1398687A2 (fr) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-17 Solarnet GmbH Procedé et dispositif pour surveiller le fonctionnement d'une installation photovoltaique
WO2012075172A2 (fr) * 2010-11-30 2012-06-07 Ideal Power Converters Inc. Systèmes, procédés, et dispositifs de réseaux photovoltaïques, et diagnostic et surveillance améliorés
US20120242320A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Fischer Kevin C Automatic Generation And Analysis Of Solar Cell IV Curves
CN204145415U (zh) * 2014-08-01 2015-02-04 苏州德睿科仪仪器设备有限公司 光伏电池性能衰减监测***

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ES2578940A1 (es) 2016-08-02

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