WO2017077245A1 - Device for pyrolysis with shaking - Google Patents

Device for pyrolysis with shaking Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017077245A1
WO2017077245A1 PCT/FR2016/052853 FR2016052853W WO2017077245A1 WO 2017077245 A1 WO2017077245 A1 WO 2017077245A1 FR 2016052853 W FR2016052853 W FR 2016052853W WO 2017077245 A1 WO2017077245 A1 WO 2017077245A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
enclosure
outlet
pyrolysis
called
vibration means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/052853
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Fernandez De Grado
Philippe HAFFNER
Original Assignee
Haffner Energy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haffner Energy filed Critical Haffner Energy
Publication of WO2017077245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017077245A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of the production of gas by pyrolysis or gasification of organic material used in a solid or liquid form, this material may consist of biomass of plant or animal origin or animal or fossil as for example plastics or other products composed of hydrocarbons.
  • the invention particularly relates to a device for producing gas but also to the process for producing gas from organic material using said device.
  • the gasification of organic matter is one of the possible ways for its energy recovery, the other ways being combustion and methanisation.
  • the organic matter is always constituted mainly of molecules composed of Carbon C, Hydrogen H and Oxygen 0, possibly combined with water H20. If this organic material is subjected to a temperature of more than 150 ° C in the absence of oxygen, it undergoes a transformation called pyrolysis which breaks the carbon molecules.
  • the products obtained during this pyrolysis are solids (mineral ash plus residual carbon called Char), vapors that condense at ambient temperature and pressure (tars, oils) and synthesis gases, also called syngas, which remain gas at temperature. and ambient pressure (carbon monoxide, dihydrogen and gaseous elements that are economically undervaluable, such as carbon dioxide).
  • the pyrolysis tank is also gasified by the combination of carbon with oxygen and hydrogen, which produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane under ideal conditions.
  • the raw material is introduced into an enclosure in which it undergoes the pyrolysis and gasification steps during its displacement. Air is introduced locally into the enclosure to allow partial combustion of the tank and generate the energy required for endothermic gasification.
  • the gases produced are extracted either from the input side of the raw material (countercurrent logic) or from the ash outlet side (co-current logic).
  • the raw material is generally introduced in the upper part of the reactor to allow a descent of the material under the simple effect of gravity.
  • the material is transformed, the gases are emitted and circulate upwards or downwards.
  • an extraction of residual ash is located at the bottom of the equipment.
  • the transformation reaction of the raw material does not have constant kinetics .
  • Some raw material elements are quickly transformed into a few seconds and others require several minutes. These slow kinetic elements therefore keep longer a large size.
  • the feed rate of the material is determined as a function of the residence time required to transform the elements to the kinetics of the reactor. slower, that is, the larger items.
  • Patent application WO2013 / 006877 describes a reactor for gasification of biomass, in particular wood.
  • This reactor comprises a filling tank and a bed of ash placed under the filling tank.
  • the reactor is associated with a vibration means for detaching the biomass adhering to the filling tank. This means of vibration only vibrates the walls of the enclosure to detach the biomass and has a limited and local influence on the migration of all the biomass in the reactor.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce and operate a descending fixed-bed pyrolysis and gasification reactor whose production is much higher, without generating the rejection of slow kinetic elements. Description of the invention
  • the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a device and a method for pyrolysis and gasification of organic raw material composed of elements with heterogeneous transformation kinetics.
  • the invention relates to a pyrolysis or gasification device, comprising a sealed enclosure, comprising in its upper part at least one input called raw material input to be pyrolyzed or gasified, in its lower part at least one outlet called ash outlet, at the less a so-called gas outlet produced during the reaction, the sealed chamber being associated with at least one vibration means, able to vibrate said remarkable chamber in that it further comprises grinding media disposed in the chamber.
  • said device further comprises at least one selective stopping means comprising a perforated grid placed in the enclosure, so as to separate the latter into two zones, an upper zone adjacent to said material inlet and a lower zone adjacent to said ash outlet.
  • the term upper part refers to the upper half of said enclosure, by analogy, said lower part refers to the lower half of the enclosure.
  • said ash outlet is disposed at the low point of the enclosure.
  • said sealed enclosure is associated with a heating means adapted to heat the interior of said enclosure.
  • said enclosure comprises at least one input called reagents.
  • said vibration means is adapted to vibrate said enclosure in a direction forming a maximum angle of 30 ° relative to the vertical.
  • the enclosure due to the applied vibrations, moves between a high position and a low position.
  • This displacement follows a substantially vertical axis.
  • substantially vertical means that the angle between this axis and the vertical is in a range between 0 ° and 30 ° (i.e. "maximum angle”).
  • said angle is less than 20 ° and even more preferentially less than 10 °.
  • connections of the inputs and outputs to said enclosure are movably mounted and sealed relative thereto.
  • said vibration means is slaved to a regulating means for adjusting the frequency, the intensity and the duration of the vibrations generated.
  • vibration means comprises at least one flyweight fixed on a rotating shaft.
  • the vibration means comprises at least one connecting rod and at least one cam driven by a rotary motor.
  • the grinding media have at least 2 different sizes.
  • the present invention also relates to a pyrolysis or gasification process comprising a step of placing material for pyrolysis or gasifying inside a sealed enclosure, heating the contents of said enclosure to a temperature between 120 ° C and 700 ° C, characterized in that said enclosure is subjected to vibration.
  • the material to be pyrolyzed or gasified is introduced into the upper part of said enclosure, in that the product gas is collected in the upper part of said enclosure and in that the ash produced is collected in the part lower part of said enclosure.
  • the present invention also relates to a pyrolysis or gasification process using a device according to the invention.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the raw material advances in the reactor depending on its size which ensures that unpyrolyzed elements, therefore still large, will circulate slower than pyrolyzed elements, so smaller.
  • Another advantage is that the position of the grinding media in the reactor will be controlled by the action of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of the device according to the invention according to a general view Figure 2 shows an example of a vibration cycle.
  • FIG. 3 represents an example of a vibrating mechanism based on a cam and connecting rod.
  • the present invention relates to a device for pyrolysis and gasification of organic raw material based on the principle of stratification of heterogeneous elements by vibration.
  • the vibrated particles are distributed in the bed according to their size and density, which makes it possible to control the composition of the reactive bed over its entire height.
  • the Syngaz production device 1 comprises a sealed enclosure 2 fed by the inlet 3 placed in the high position.
  • the enclosure must be sufficiently tight so that the reactions that take place there are not controlled by a free oxidation, but it is necessary on the contrary that the lack of oxygen allows only marginal combustion. Thus, more than 90% of the raw material introduced can not react with oxygen involuntarily introduced into an enclosure that is not sufficiently tight.
  • this sealing is ensured for example by the use of a two-valve airlock at the inlet of the device, so that the raw material is first introduced into the airlock, then compacted so as to eliminate the outside air, then the outer valve is closed, then the inner valve is opened and the raw material falls into the reactor without outside air and therefore oxygen can also enter freely.
  • the material descends freely by gravity and heats up under the effect of the high temperature (more than 120 ° C) prevailing in the upper part of the enclosure.
  • the carbon chains of the material undergo a reduction transformation which creates vapors or gases which are extracted from the reactor by one or more gas outlets, for example the outlet 51 at the top and the outlet 52 in the lower part.
  • This transformation also generates a solid component composed of carbon, called the tank which descends by gravity.
  • reagents can be advantageously injected by a reagent inlet 6.
  • This reagent is typically oxygen which will ensure a partial combustion of the raw material. This combustion ensures the production of energy that warms the interior of the chamber and allows the pyrolysis reaction in the upper part of the reactor and gasification at the bottom.
  • the residue of the raw material transformation is mainly ash that is discharged through an outlet of ash 4.
  • the mass included in the chamber is subjected to regular vertical shaking with a displacement amplitude of a few mm to a few cm.
  • the elements present in the chamber move relative to each other. Larger items move up from the smaller items. Conversely, the smallest elements are positioned at the bottom.
  • the action of shaking is associated with grinding media introduced in a sustainable manner in one enclosure.
  • grinding media is intended to mean a solid particle having a volume of between 0.5 and 500 ml, preferably between 1 and 250 ml, and a density of between 1000 and 10000 kg / m3.
  • thermolysis media have a major mechanical role according to the invention, namely that they accelerate the thermolysis reaction by a fragmentation action of the raw material particles. Indeed, under the effect of the heat prevailing in the chamber, the material has on the surface particles of raw material is transformed, emits vapors and becomes fragile. Thanks to the action of the grinding media, this friable surface is crushed and unhooked. Then the underlayer of material is released and subjected in turn to the heat of the enclosure; it is then transformed by thermolysis. This mechanical action by grinding media is essential to improve the thermolysis compared to the prior art.
  • These media are, for example, ceramic or metal balls made of molybdenum or austenitic steel with a diameter of between 2 cm and 10 cm. These beads are present in the reactor permanently. Under the effect of the contribution of material to pyrolyze, these media are driven down without being pyrolyzed. With each jolt applied, these media go back to find at their equilibrium level. Thus, by design, the guarantee that these grinding media do not descend to the low level of ash evacuation.
  • These grinding media are not necessarily all the same size, so some, the largest, are used in the upper part, and the others, smaller, in the lower part. These grinding media provide the additional advantage of greatly increasing the thermal inertia and the thermal conduction in the reactor, as well as that of increasing the crumbling of the elements of material because these media play the role of small hammers set in motion at each jolt applied to the speaker.
  • a selective stop means is placed in the enclosure at a certain level and its function is to stop all items larger than a certain size.
  • this means may be a perforated grid having holes of a defined diameter (e.g., 4cm).
  • a defined diameter e.g. 4cm.
  • the material retained has a larger size in the upper floors to install a vertical distribution of the material according to its decreasing size from top to bottom.
  • grinding media of different sizes can be introduced between the stages formed by the selective stop means.
  • the sizes are chosen so as to ensure that above each selective stop means a part of the grinding media is retained, these being larger than the size of the perforations provided in this stop means.
  • these shaking can change the particle size of the bed in the enclosure, including accelerate the migration of small elements down and slow down that of large elements.
  • a small element of very porous raw material for example an element of 1 cm in diameter, will be quickly transformed, reduced in size and become gas and ash after traveling a little way in the enclosure.
  • a large element of low porous raw material for example an element 10cm in diameter, will be more slowly transformed and, if the bed circulates homocinetic downwards, it may end up with the ashes before being completely gasified.
  • the reflex to slow down the flow of the device to ensure the transformation of all elements, even large, before their evacuation with ashes, has the effect of limiting production because, perhaps, only 10% of the initial raw material.
  • the flow of production is increased because the large elements are raised in the bed and therefore have an increased residence time compared to the average residence time of the entire bed of material, to leave them more of transformation time.
  • the shaking or vibrations created in the material can be characterized by at least 3 parameters, as shown in Figure 2:
  • the frequency of action 1 / T for example, of 0.1 Hz is an action triggered every 10 seconds
  • the intensity of action I for example, an uprising of the enclosure of 10 cm
  • the duration of the action D for example, the displacement of the enclosure and its return to the low position must be carried out in 100 ms.
  • the optimal setting depends on the nature of the raw material (eg a corn cob is more porous and less dense than a wood chip, also the characteristics "frequency, intensity, duration" will be different between these two materials.
  • the device according to the invention will advantageously comprise temperature measuring means arranged at different altitudes within the enclosure. For example in the form of thermocouples inserted into the thimbles penetrating the enclosure.
  • temperature measuring means arranged at different altitudes within the enclosure.
  • thermocouples inserted into the thimbles penetrating the enclosure.
  • connections of the various inputs and outputs are preferably designed so as to mechanically support the vibrations applied and not to transmit them to the rest of the equipment of the installation.
  • connections can be made in a flexible material.
  • They can also be designed with a free vertical sliding and waterproof so that when the vibrations are applied, the relative movement of the parts of the connection maintains tightness and prevents downstream vibration transmission.
  • the characteristics "frequency, intensity, duration" are not fixed by design, but obey a regulation whose setpoint can be defined according to the raw material used, its initial particle size distribution, the temperature of pyrolysis that we will apply,
  • the regulation of said characteristics is coupled to the temperature measuring means arranged at different altitudes within the enclosure.
  • the shaking means is obtained by the use of rotating flyweights (not shown) connected to a rotating shaft by means of a motor (preferably electric).
  • the rotating masses create an imbalance in the shaking means, so that at each turn made by the mechanism, the enclosure, to which the shaking means is attached, is shaken.
  • the masses in play are obviously dimensioned according to the mass of the enclosure charged with matter.
  • the shaking means 22 is obtained by the use of one or more cams 23 mechanically associated with a set of connecting rods 24 which amplify the movement of the cams subjected to a rotation by means of a motor 25. With each rotation of the cam, the enclosure is lifted and then released suddenly, which causes the appearance of a jolt in the enclosure, making it possible to trace the large elements of matter, as described above.
  • the enclosure can be seated on springs 26 so as to absorb the variations potential energy during the movement and limit the mechanical wear of the assembly.
  • a suitable design of the connecting rod makes it possible to transform a large vertical stroke, with little effort on the side of the cam, into a short stroke but with a great effort (the mass of the enclosure filled with material) on the connection side. with the speaker.
  • the invention also relates to a purification method using the device, the means and the configurations described above.
  • the pyrolysis can be carried out according to the co-current mode (the gases are extracted in the lower part) or in the countercurrent mode (the gases are extracted in the upper part).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pyrolysis or gasification device (1) comprising a sealed chamber (2) including at least one inlet (3), referred to as the inlet for raw material (10) to be pyrolysed or gasified, in the top portion of said chamber, at least one outlet (4), referred to as the fly ash outlet, in the bottom portion of said chamber, and at least one outlet (51, 52), referred to as the outlet for gas produced during the reaction. The sealed chamber (2) is associated with at least one vibration means (20) capable of vibrating said chamber (2). Said pyrolysis or gasification device is characterized in that it also includes grinding media arranged in the chamber (2).

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PYROLYSE AVEC SECOUSSES  PYROLYSIS DEVICE WITH SHOCKS
Domaine de l' invention Field of the invention
La présente invention entre dans le domaine de la production de gaz par pyrolyse ou gazéification de matière organique utilisée sous une forme solide ou liquide, cette matière pouvant être constituée de biomasse d'origine ma oritairement végétale ou animale ou fossile comme par exemple des plastiques ou d'autres produits composés d ' hydrocarbures . The present invention is in the field of the production of gas by pyrolysis or gasification of organic material used in a solid or liquid form, this material may consist of biomass of plant or animal origin or animal or fossil as for example plastics or other products composed of hydrocarbons.
L'invention concerne particulièrement un dispositif de production de gaz mais également le procédé de production de gaz à partir de matière organique utilisant ledit dispositif. Etat de la technique  The invention particularly relates to a device for producing gas but also to the process for producing gas from organic material using said device. State of the art
La gazéification de la matière organique est l'une des voies possibles pour sa valorisation énergétique, les autres voies étant la combustion et la méthanisat ion . The gasification of organic matter is one of the possible ways for its energy recovery, the other ways being combustion and methanisation.
La matière organique est toujours constituée majoritairement de molécules composées de Carbone C, d'Hydrogène H et d'Oxygène 0, éventuellement combinée à de l'eau H20. Si cette matière organique est soumise à une température de plus de 150°C en absence d'oxygène, elle subit une transformation dite de pyrolyse qui casse les molécules carbonées. Les produits obtenus lors de cette pyrolyse sont des solides (cendres minérales plus carbone résiduel appelé Char) , des vapeurs qui se condensent à température et pression ambiante (goudrons, huiles) et des gaz de synthèse, également appelés syngaz, qui restent gaz à température et pression ambiante (Monoxyde de carbone, Dihydrogène et des éléments gazeux peu valorisables économiquement, comme le Dioxyde de carbone) . Le char produit par la pyrolyse subit aussi une gazéification par association de carbone avec de l'oxygène et de l'hydrogène qui produit du Monoxyde de carbone, du Dihydrogène et du Méthane dans des conditions idéales. The organic matter is always constituted mainly of molecules composed of Carbon C, Hydrogen H and Oxygen 0, possibly combined with water H20. If this organic material is subjected to a temperature of more than 150 ° C in the absence of oxygen, it undergoes a transformation called pyrolysis which breaks the carbon molecules. The products obtained during this pyrolysis are solids (mineral ash plus residual carbon called Char), vapors that condense at ambient temperature and pressure (tars, oils) and synthesis gases, also called syngas, which remain gas at temperature. and ambient pressure (carbon monoxide, dihydrogen and gaseous elements that are economically undervaluable, such as carbon dioxide). The pyrolysis tank is also gasified by the combination of carbon with oxygen and hydrogen, which produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane under ideal conditions.
Selon l'état de l'art actuel des procédés de gazéification de matière organique, la production de syngaz fait notamment appel à la technologie suivante:  According to the current state of the art of organic matter gasification processes, the production of syngas uses in particular the following technology:
Dans un procédé de type co-courant ou contre-courant à pyrolyse dite lente, la matière première est introduite dans une enceinte dans laquelle elle subit les étapes de pyrolyse et de gazéification au cours de son déplacement. De l'air est introduit localement dans l'enceinte afin de permettre une combustion partielle du char et de générer l'énergie nécessaire à la gazéification endothermique . Les gaz produits sont extraits soit du côté de l'entrée de la matière première (logique de contre-courant) soit du côté de la sortie des cendres (logique de co-courant) .  In a so-called co-current or counter-current process with a so-called slow pyrolysis, the raw material is introduced into an enclosure in which it undergoes the pyrolysis and gasification steps during its displacement. Air is introduced locally into the enclosure to allow partial combustion of the tank and generate the energy required for endothermic gasification. The gases produced are extracted either from the input side of the raw material (countercurrent logic) or from the ash outlet side (co-current logic).
Lors de cette opération, la matière première est généralement introduite en partie haute du réacteur afin de permettre une descente de la matière sous le simple effet de la gravité. Au cours de la descente de ce lit, la matière se transforme, les gaz sont émis et circulent vers le haut ou vers le bas. A la fin de la descente, une extraction des cendres résiduelles est implantée en bas de l'équipement.  During this operation, the raw material is generally introduced in the upper part of the reactor to allow a descent of the material under the simple effect of gravity. During the descent of this bed, the material is transformed, the gases are emitted and circulate upwards or downwards. At the end of the descent, an extraction of residual ash is located at the bottom of the equipment.
Cette solution traditionnelle présentent notamment le défaut suivant:  This traditional solution has the following flaw:
Lors de la progression de la matière à travers le réacteur, en fonction de la granulométrie de la matière première, de sa nature et de la température à laquelle elle est soumise, la réaction de transformation de la matière première n'a pas une cinétique constante. Certains éléments de matière première sont rapidement transformés en quelques secondes et d'autres nécessitent plusieurs minutes. Ces éléments à cinétique lente gardent donc plus longtemps une taille importante. During the progression of the material through the reactor, depending on the particle size of the raw material, its nature and the temperature to which it is subjected, the transformation reaction of the raw material does not have constant kinetics . Some raw material elements are quickly transformed into a few seconds and others require several minutes. These slow kinetic elements therefore keep longer a large size.
Ainsi, au fur et à mesure de l'avancement du lit, évidemment compensé par un apport permanent de matière neuve en partie haute, la granulométrie dans le lit évolue: les éléments à cinétique lente descendent entourés de cendres générée par la transformation des éléments à cinétique rapide qui ont donc déjà été transformés.  Thus, as the progress of the bed, obviously compensated by a permanent supply of new material in the upper part, the grain size in the bed changes: slow kinetic elements descend surrounded by ash generated by the transformation of the elements to fast kinetics that have already been transformed.
Comme le temps de séjour dans le réacteur est défini afin de ne rejeter que des cendres, la vitesse d'avancement de la matière, donc la production du réacteur, est déterminée en fonction du temps de séjour nécessaire pour transformer les éléments à la cinétique la plus lente, c'est-à-dire les éléments les plus gros.  Since the residence time in the reactor is defined in order to reject only ash, the feed rate of the material, thus the production of the reactor, is determined as a function of the residence time required to transform the elements to the kinetics of the reactor. slower, that is, the larger items.
On connaît de la demande de brevet WO2013/006877 qui décrit un réacteur de gazéification de la biomasse, en particulier du bois. Ce réacteur comporte une cuve de remplissage et un lit de cendres placé sous la cuve de remplissage. Par ailleurs, le réacteur est associé à un moyen de vibration permettant le détachement de la biomasse adhérant à la cuve de remplissage. Ce moyen de vibration ne fait vibrer que les parois de l'enceinte pour détacher la biomasse et n'a qu'une influence limitée et locale sur la migration de l'ensemble de la biomasse dans le réacteur.  Patent application WO2013 / 006877 describes a reactor for gasification of biomass, in particular wood. This reactor comprises a filling tank and a bed of ash placed under the filling tank. Furthermore, the reactor is associated with a vibration means for detaching the biomass adhering to the filling tank. This means of vibration only vibrates the walls of the enclosure to detach the biomass and has a limited and local influence on the migration of all the biomass in the reactor.
L'invention permet de réaliser et de faire fonctionner un réacteur de pyrolyse et gazéification de type lit fixe descendant dont la production est bien supérieure, sans générer le rejet des éléments à cinétique lente . Description de l'invention The invention makes it possible to produce and operate a descending fixed-bed pyrolysis and gasification reactor whose production is much higher, without generating the rejection of slow kinetic elements. Description of the invention
La présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique en proposant un dispositif et un procédé de pyrolyse et gazéification de matière première organique composée d'éléments à cinétique de transformation hétérogène. The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a device and a method for pyrolysis and gasification of organic raw material composed of elements with heterogeneous transformation kinetics.
Ainsi, l'invention concerne dispositif de pyrolyse ou gazéification, comportant une enceinte étanche, comprenant dans sa partie haute au moins une entrée dite entrée de matière première à pyrolyser ou gazéifier, dans sa partie basse au moins une sortie dite sortie de cendres, au moins une sortie dite de gaz produits durant la réaction, l'enceinte étanche étant associée à au moins un moyen de vibration, apte à faire vibrer ladite enceinte remarquable en ce qu'il comprend en outre des média de broyage disposés dans l'enceinte.  Thus, the invention relates to a pyrolysis or gasification device, comprising a sealed enclosure, comprising in its upper part at least one input called raw material input to be pyrolyzed or gasified, in its lower part at least one outlet called ash outlet, at the less a so-called gas outlet produced during the reaction, the sealed chamber being associated with at least one vibration means, able to vibrate said remarkable chamber in that it further comprises grinding media disposed in the chamber.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit dispositif comprend en outre au moins un moyen d'arrêt sélectif comprenant une grille perforée placée dans l'enceinte, de sorte à séparer cette dernière en deux zones, une zone supérieure adjacente à ladite entrée de matière et une zone inférieure adjacente à ladite sortie de cendres .  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said device further comprises at least one selective stopping means comprising a perforated grid placed in the enclosure, so as to separate the latter into two zones, an upper zone adjacent to said material inlet and a lower zone adjacent to said ash outlet.
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le terme partie haute fait référence à la moitié supérieure de ladite enceinte, par analogie, ladite partie basse fait référence à la moitié inférieure de l'enceinte. In the context of the present invention, the term upper part refers to the upper half of said enclosure, by analogy, said lower part refers to the lower half of the enclosure.
Préfèrentiellement , ladite sortie de cendres est disposée au point bas de l'enceinte. Preferably, said ash outlet is disposed at the low point of the enclosure.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ladite enceinte étanche est associée à un moyen de chauffage apte à chauffer l'intérieur de ladite enceinte. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ladite enceinte comprend au moins une entrée dite de réactifs. According to a preferred embodiment, said sealed enclosure is associated with a heating means adapted to heat the interior of said enclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, said enclosure comprises at least one input called reagents.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit moyen de vibration est apte à faire vibrer ladite enceinte dans une direction formant un angle maximum de 30° par rapport à la verticale .  According to a preferred embodiment, said vibration means is adapted to vibrate said enclosure in a direction forming a maximum angle of 30 ° relative to the vertical.
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, l'enceinte, par le fait des vibrations appliquées, se déplace entre une position haute et une position basse. Ce déplacement suit un axe sensiblement vertical. Dans le cadre de l'invention, le terme « sensiblement vertical » entend signifier que l'angle entre cet axe et la verticale est compris dans une plage entre 0° et 30° (i.e. « angle maximum ») . Préfèrentiellement , ledit angle est inférieur à 20° et encore plus préfèrentiellement inférieur à 10°.  In the context of the present invention, the enclosure, due to the applied vibrations, moves between a high position and a low position. This displacement follows a substantially vertical axis. In the context of the invention, the term "substantially vertical" means that the angle between this axis and the vertical is in a range between 0 ° and 30 ° (i.e. "maximum angle"). Preferably, said angle is less than 20 ° and even more preferentially less than 10 °.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les connexions des entrées et sorties à ladite enceinte sont montées mobiles et étanches par rapport à celle-ci.  According to a preferred embodiment, the connections of the inputs and outputs to said enclosure are movably mounted and sealed relative thereto.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit moyen de vibration est asservi à un moyen de régulation permettant d'ajuster la fréquence, l'intensité et la durée des vibrations générées.  According to a preferred embodiment, said vibration means is slaved to a regulating means for adjusting the frequency, the intensity and the duration of the vibrations generated.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, moyen de vibration comprend au moins une masselotte fixée sur un arbre tournant.  According to a preferred embodiment, vibration means comprises at least one flyweight fixed on a rotating shaft.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le moyen de vibration comprend au moins une bielle et au moins une came mue par un moteur rotatif.  According to a preferred embodiment, the vibration means comprises at least one connecting rod and at least one cam driven by a rotary motor.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les média de broyage ont au moins 2 tailles différentes.  According to a preferred embodiment, the grinding media have at least 2 different sizes.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de pyrolyse ou gazéification comprenant une étape consistant à placer de la matière à pyrolyser ou à gazéifier à l'intérieur d'une enceinte étanche, à chauffer le contenu de ladite enceinte à une température comprise entre 120 °C et 700°C, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte est soumise à des vibrations. The present invention also relates to a pyrolysis or gasification process comprising a step of placing material for pyrolysis or gasifying inside a sealed enclosure, heating the contents of said enclosure to a temperature between 120 ° C and 700 ° C, characterized in that said enclosure is subjected to vibration.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la matière à pyrolyser ou gazéifier est introduite dans la partie supérieure de ladite enceinte, en ce que le gaz produit est recueilli dans la partie supérieure de ladite enceinte et en ce que les cendres produites sont recueillies dans la partie inférieure de ladite enceinte.  According to a preferred embodiment, the material to be pyrolyzed or gasified is introduced into the upper part of said enclosure, in that the product gas is collected in the upper part of said enclosure and in that the ash produced is collected in the part lower part of said enclosure.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de pyrolyse ou gazéification mettant en œuvre un dispositif selon l'invention.  The present invention also relates to a pyrolysis or gasification process using a device according to the invention.
L'avantage de l'invention consiste en ce que la matière première avance dans le réacteur en fonction de sa taille ce qui garantit que des éléments non pyrolysés, donc encore de grande taille, circuleront moins vite que des éléments pyrolysés, donc plus petits.  The advantage of the invention is that the raw material advances in the reactor depending on its size which ensures that unpyrolyzed elements, therefore still large, will circulate slower than pyrolyzed elements, so smaller.
Ainsi le temps de séjour de chaque élément à un niveau donné du réacteur est spontanément adapté à la valeur requise pour garantir une réduction de taille suite à la pyrolyse en cours.  Thus the residence time of each element at a given level of the reactor is spontaneously adapted to the value required to ensure a reduction in size following the pyrolysis in progress.
Un autre avantage est que la position des média de broyage dans le réacteur sera contrôlée par l'action de 1 ' invention .  Another advantage is that the position of the grinding media in the reactor will be controlled by the action of the invention.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention sont décrits ci-après selon des solutions possibles de réalisation de l'invention.  Other advantages and characteristics of the invention are described below according to possible solutions for carrying out the invention.
Les descriptions font référence aux figures suivantes en annexe :  The descriptions refer to the following figures in the appendix:
- la figure 1 représente un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention selon une vue générale la figure 2 représente un exemple de cycle de vibration . FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of the device according to the invention according to a general view Figure 2 shows an example of a vibration cycle.
la figure 3 représente un exemple de mécanisme vibrant à base de came et bielle.  FIG. 3 represents an example of a vibrating mechanism based on a cam and connecting rod.
Exposé d'un mode de réalisation Presentation of an embodiment
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de pyrolyse et gazéification de matière première organique reposant sur le principe de stratification d'éléments hétérogènes par vibration. Les particules vibrées se répartissent dans le lit selon leur taille et leur densité, ce qui permet de contrôler la composition du lit réactif sur toute sa hauteur. The present invention relates to a device for pyrolysis and gasification of organic raw material based on the principle of stratification of heterogeneous elements by vibration. The vibrated particles are distributed in the bed according to their size and density, which makes it possible to control the composition of the reactive bed over its entire height.
Selon l'invention, afin de permettre la production de gaz synthétique, dit Syngaz, à partir de matière première organique, un réacteur est nécessaire. Ce réacteur est une enceinte fermée dans laquelle de la matière première est introduite par le haut. Comme représenté sur la figure 1, le dispositif 1 de production de Syngaz comprend une enceinte étanche 2 alimentée par l'entrée 3 placée en position haute.  According to the invention, in order to allow the production of syngas synthetic gas, from organic raw material, a reactor is required. This reactor is a closed chamber in which raw material is introduced from above. As shown in FIG. 1, the Syngaz production device 1 comprises a sealed enclosure 2 fed by the inlet 3 placed in the high position.
L'enceinte doit être suffisamment étanche pour que les réactions qui s'y effectuent ne soient pas commandées par une oxydation libre, mais il faut au contraire que le manque d'oxygène n'autorise qu'une combustion marginale. Ainsi, plus de 90% de la matière première introduite ne peut pas réagir avec de l'oxygène involontairement introduit dans une enceinte qui ne serait pas suffisamment étanche .  The enclosure must be sufficiently tight so that the reactions that take place there are not controlled by a free oxidation, but it is necessary on the contrary that the lack of oxygen allows only marginal combustion. Thus, more than 90% of the raw material introduced can not react with oxygen involuntarily introduced into an enclosure that is not sufficiently tight.
Concrètement, cette étanchéité est assurée par exemple par l'utilisation d'un sas à deux vannes à l'entrée de l'appareil, de sorte que la matière première est d'abord introduite dans le sas, puis compactée de façon à éliminer l'air extérieur, puis la vanne extérieure est fermée, puis la vanne intérieure est ouverte et la matière première tombe dans le réacteur sans que de l'air extérieur et donc de l'oxygène puisse aussi entrer librement. Concretely, this sealing is ensured for example by the use of a two-valve airlock at the inlet of the device, so that the raw material is first introduced into the airlock, then compacted so as to eliminate the outside air, then the outer valve is closed, then the inner valve is opened and the raw material falls into the reactor without outside air and therefore oxygen can also enter freely.
Ensuite, la matière descend librement par gravité et se réchauffe sous l'effet de la forte température (plus de 120°C) qui règne dans la partie haute de l'enceinte. Ainsi, par manque d'oxygène, les chaînes carbonées de la matière subissent une transformation de réduction qui crée des vapeurs ou gaz qui sont extraits du réacteur par une ou plusieurs sorties de gaz, par exemple la sortie 51 en partie haute et la sortie 52 en partie basse.  Then, the material descends freely by gravity and heats up under the effect of the high temperature (more than 120 ° C) prevailing in the upper part of the enclosure. Thus, for lack of oxygen, the carbon chains of the material undergo a reduction transformation which creates vapors or gases which are extracted from the reactor by one or more gas outlets, for example the outlet 51 at the top and the outlet 52 in the lower part.
Si les gaz sont extraits en partie haute, on parle de lit à contre-courant; si les gaz sont extraits en partie basse, on parle de lit à co-courant .  If the gases are extracted in the upper part, it is called countercurrent bed; if the gases are extracted in the lower part, it is called co-current bed.
Cette transformation génère aussi un composant solide composé de carbone, appelé le char qui descend par gravité.  This transformation also generates a solid component composed of carbon, called the tank which descends by gravity.
Dans l'enceinte, après cette première étape de pyrolyse, des réactifs peuvent être avantageusement injectés par une entrée de réactif 6. Ce réactif est typiquement de l'oxygène qui va assurer une combustion partielle de la matière première. Cette combustion assure la production d'une énergie qui réchauffe l'intérieur de l'enceinte et permet la réaction de pyrolyse en partie haute du réacteur et la gazéification en partie basse.  In the chamber, after this first pyrolysis step, reagents can be advantageously injected by a reagent inlet 6. This reagent is typically oxygen which will ensure a partial combustion of the raw material. This combustion ensures the production of energy that warms the interior of the chamber and allows the pyrolysis reaction in the upper part of the reactor and gasification at the bottom.
En partie basse de l'enceinte, le résidu de la transformation de matière première est principalement des cendres qui sont évacuées par une sortie de cendres 4.  In the lower part of the enclosure, the residue of the raw material transformation is mainly ash that is discharged through an outlet of ash 4.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la masse comprise dans l'enceinte est soumise à un secouage vertical régulier avec une amplitude de déplacement de quelques mm à quelques cm. Sous l'effet de ce secouage, les éléments présents dans l'enceinte se déplacent les uns par rapport aux autres. Les éléments les plus gros remontent par rapport aux éléments les plus petits. Inversement, les éléments les plus petits se positionnent en partie basse. According to one embodiment of the invention, the mass included in the chamber is subjected to regular vertical shaking with a displacement amplitude of a few mm to a few cm. Under the effect of this shaking, the elements present in the chamber move relative to each other. Larger items move up from the smaller items. Conversely, the smallest elements are positioned at the bottom.
D'autre part, l'action des secousses est associée à des média de broyage introduits de façon durable dans 1 ' enceinte .  On the other hand, the action of shaking is associated with grinding media introduced in a sustainable manner in one enclosure.
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le terme « média de broyage » entend désigner une particule solide de volume compris entre 0.5 et 500 ml, préfèrentiellement entre 1 et 250 ml, et une densité comprise entre 1000 et 10000 kg/m3.  In the context of the present invention, the term "grinding media" is intended to mean a solid particle having a volume of between 0.5 and 500 ml, preferably between 1 and 250 ml, and a density of between 1000 and 10000 kg / m3.
Ces média ont un rôle mécanique majeur selon l'invention, à savoir qu'ils accélèrent la réaction de thermolyse par une action de fragmentation des particules de matière première. En effet, sous l'effet de la chaleur régnant dans l'enceinte, la matière présente en surface des particules de matière première se transforme, émet des vapeurs et se fragilise. Grâce à l'action des média de broyage, cette surface friable est écrasée et décrochée. Alors la sous-couche de matière est libérée et soumise à son tour à la chaleur de l'enceinte; elle se transforme alors par thermolyse. Cette action mécanique par des média de broyage est indispensable pour améliorer la thermolyse par rapport à l'art antérieur.  These media have a major mechanical role according to the invention, namely that they accelerate the thermolysis reaction by a fragmentation action of the raw material particles. Indeed, under the effect of the heat prevailing in the chamber, the material has on the surface particles of raw material is transformed, emits vapors and becomes fragile. Thanks to the action of the grinding media, this friable surface is crushed and unhooked. Then the underlayer of material is released and subjected in turn to the heat of the enclosure; it is then transformed by thermolysis. This mechanical action by grinding media is essential to improve the thermolysis compared to the prior art.
Ces média sont, par exemple, des billes de céramique ou de métal en molybdène ou en acier austénitique d'un diamètre compris entre 2 cm et 10 cm. Ces billes sont présentes dans le réacteur de façon permanente. Sous l'effet de l'apport de matière à pyrolyser, ces média sont entraînés vers le bas sans pouvoir être pyrolysés. A chaque secousse appliquée, ces média remontent jusqu'à se retrouver à leur niveau d'équilibre. On obtient ainsi, par conception, la garantie que ces média de broyage ne descendent pas jusqu'au niveau bas d'évacuation des cendres . These media are, for example, ceramic or metal balls made of molybdenum or austenitic steel with a diameter of between 2 cm and 10 cm. These beads are present in the reactor permanently. Under the effect of the contribution of material to pyrolyze, these media are driven down without being pyrolyzed. With each jolt applied, these media go back to find at their equilibrium level. Thus, by design, the guarantee that these grinding media do not descend to the low level of ash evacuation.
Ces média de broyage n'ont pas forcément tous la même taille, de sorte que certains, les plus gros, sont utilisés en partie supérieure, et les autres, plus petits, en partie inférieure. Ces média de broyage apportent l'avantage supplémentaire d'augmenter fortement l'inertie thermique et la conduction thermique dans le réacteur, ainsi que celui d'augmenter l'effritement des éléments de matière car ces média jouent le rôle de petits marteaux mis en mouvement à chaque secousse appliquée à l'enceinte.  These grinding media are not necessarily all the same size, so some, the largest, are used in the upper part, and the others, smaller, in the lower part. These grinding media provide the additional advantage of greatly increasing the thermal inertia and the thermal conduction in the reactor, as well as that of increasing the crumbling of the elements of material because these media play the role of small hammers set in motion at each jolt applied to the speaker.
Selon une variante de l'invention, il est avantageux d'empêcher la migration vers la sortie des cendres de certains éléments de matière première, ou de média de broyage en utilisant un moyen d'arrêt sélectif. Ce moyen d'arrêt est placé dans l'enceinte à un certain niveau et a pour fonction de stopper tous les éléments plus gros qu'une certaine taille. Par exemple, ce moyen peut être une grille perforée présentant des trous d'un diamètre défini (e.g. 4cm) . Ainsi, seuls les éléments plus petits peuvent la traverser et poursuivre leur migration vers le bas de l'enceinte. L'avantage de cette solution est qu'il est physiquement impossible que de gros éléments de matière qui sont très long à pyrolyser puissent sortir avec les cendres, et éventuellement boucher cette sortie de cendres. De plus, ces moyens d'arrêt sélectif garantissent le maintien des média de broyage à leur altitude de travail.  According to a variant of the invention, it is advantageous to prevent the migration towards the outlet of the ashes of certain elements of raw material, or of grinding media by using a selective stop means. This stop means is placed in the enclosure at a certain level and its function is to stop all items larger than a certain size. For example, this means may be a perforated grid having holes of a defined diameter (e.g., 4cm). Thus, only the smaller elements can cross and continue their migration down the enclosure. The advantage of this solution is that it is physically impossible for large elements of matter that are very long to pyrolyze to come out with the ashes, and possibly plug this outlet of ash. In addition, these selective stop means guarantee the maintenance of the grinding media at their working altitude.
Selon une variante de l'invention, il est avantageux de constituer plusieurs étages séparés par des moyens d'arrêt sélectif, tel qu'indiqué plus haut, en ajoutant la contrainte que les perforations des moyens d'arrêt sélectif sont plus grandes pour les étages supérieurs. Ainsi, la matière retenue a une plus grosse taille dans les étages supérieurs permettant d'installer une répartition verticale de la matière selon sa taille décroissante du haut vers le bas . According to a variant of the invention, it is advantageous to constitute several stages separated by selective stop means, as indicated above, by adding the constraint that the perforations of the selective stop means are larger for the upper floors. Thus, the material retained has a larger size in the upper floors to install a vertical distribution of the material according to its decreasing size from top to bottom.
De plus, des média de broyage de différentes tailles peuvent être introduits entre les étages formés par les moyens d'arrêt sélectif. Les tailles sont choisies de façon à garantir qu'au-dessus de chaque moyen d'arrêt sélectif, une partie des médias de broyage est retenue, ceux-ci étant plus gros que la taille des perforations ménagées dans ce moyen d'arrêt. Ainsi, on dispose d'une répartition des média de broyage selon leur taille décroissante du haut vers le bas.  In addition, grinding media of different sizes can be introduced between the stages formed by the selective stop means. The sizes are chosen so as to ensure that above each selective stop means a part of the grinding media is retained, these being larger than the size of the perforations provided in this stop means. Thus, there is a distribution of the grinding media according to their decreasing size from top to bottom.
Ainsi, ces secouages permettent de modifier la granulométrie du lit dans l'enceinte, notamment d'accélérer la migration des petits éléments vers le bas et de ralentir celle des gros éléments.  Thus, these shaking can change the particle size of the bed in the enclosure, including accelerate the migration of small elements down and slow down that of large elements.
La différence entre gros et petit est relative c'est- à-dire qu'il n'y a pas de valeur de taille précise, du type "les éléments de 5cm de diamètre remontent à telle hauteur", car dans un lit de composition donnée, la stratification par secouage dépend de la granulométrie du lit avant secouage. Or la granulométrie avant secouage dépend de la granulométrie initiale introduite dans le réacteur, et surtout de sa modification durant la pyrolyse et gazéification.  The difference between large and small is relative that is to say that there is no value of precise size, of the type "the elements of 5cm of diameter go up to such a height", because in a bed of composition given, the shaking stratification depends on the granulometry of the bed before shaking. But the granulometry before shaking depends on the initial particle size introduced into the reactor, and especially its modification during pyrolysis and gasification.
Ainsi, un petit élément de matière première très poreuse, par exemple un élément de 1cm de diamètre, sera rapidement transformé, réduit en taille et deviendra du gaz et de la cendre après avoir parcouru peu de chemin dans 1 ' enceinte . Inversement, un gros élément de matière première peu poreuse, par exemple un élément de 10cm de diamètre, sera plus lentement transformé et, si le lit circule de manière homocinét ique vers le bas, il risque de se retrouver avec les cendres avant d'être complètement gazéifié. Thus, a small element of very porous raw material, for example an element of 1 cm in diameter, will be quickly transformed, reduced in size and become gas and ash after traveling a little way in the enclosure. Conversely, a large element of low porous raw material, for example an element 10cm in diameter, will be more slowly transformed and, if the bed circulates homocinetic downwards, it may end up with the ashes before being completely gasified.
Le réflexe de ralentir le débit de l'appareil afin de garantir la transformation de tous les éléments, même les gros, avant leur évacuation avec les cendres, a pour conséquence de limiter la production à cause, peut-être, de 10% seulement de la matière première initiale.  The reflex to slow down the flow of the device to ensure the transformation of all elements, even large, before their evacuation with ashes, has the effect of limiting production because, perhaps, only 10% of the initial raw material.
Grâce à l'invention, le débit de la production est augmenté, car les gros éléments sont remontés dans le lit et ont donc un temps de séjour accru par rapport au temps de séjour moyen de tout le lit de matière, afin de leur laisser plus de temps de transformation.  Thanks to the invention, the flow of production is increased because the large elements are raised in the bed and therefore have an increased residence time compared to the average residence time of the entire bed of material, to leave them more of transformation time.
Inversement, les petits éléments descendent plus vite sous l'effet du secouage et cela évite que de trop petits éléments s'accumulent en partie intermédiaire du réacteur, causant un bouchage partiel du lit du réacteur ce qui perturberait l'extraction des gaz produits.  Conversely, the small elements descend more quickly under the effect of shaking and this prevents too small elements accumulate in the intermediate portion of the reactor, causing a partial blockage of the reactor bed which would disrupt the extraction of the gases produced.
Le secouage ou les vibrations créé (es) dans la matière peuvent être caractérisés par au moins 3 paramètres, comme indiqué sur la figure 2: The shaking or vibrations created in the material can be characterized by at least 3 parameters, as shown in Figure 2:
- la fréquence d'action 1/T, par exemple, de 0.1 Hz soit une action déclenchée toutes les 10 secondes,  the frequency of action 1 / T, for example, of 0.1 Hz is an action triggered every 10 seconds,
l'intensité de l'action I, par exemple, un soulèvement de l'enceinte de 10 cm,  the intensity of action I, for example, an uprising of the enclosure of 10 cm,
- la durée de l'action D, par exemple, le déplacement de l'enceinte et son retour en position basse doit être effectué en 100 ms .  the duration of the action D, for example, the displacement of the enclosure and its return to the low position must be carried out in 100 ms.
Le paramétrage optimal dépend de la nature de la matière première (par exemple une rafle de maïs est plus poreuse et moins dense qu'une plaquette de bois, aussi les caractéristiques "fréquence, intensité, durée" seront différentes entre ces deux matières. The optimal setting depends on the nature of the raw material (eg a corn cob is more porous and less dense than a wood chip, also the characteristics "frequency, intensity, duration" will be different between these two materials.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, il est avantageux de contrôler la position des média de broyage à l'intérieur de l'enceinte afin d'éviter notamment une position trop haute ou trop basse par rapport à la matière à traiter. A cet effet, le dispositif selon l'invention comprendra avantageusement des moyens de mesure de la température disposés à différentes altitudes à l'intérieur de l'enceinte. Par exemple sous la forme de thermocouples insérés dans des doigts de gant pénétrant dans l'enceinte. Ainsi, si la température varie de façon anormale on pourra en déduire une répartition hétérogène des média de broyage et de la matière à traiter au niveau de la zone de prise de température et adapter les vibrations en conséquence. Par exemple, si les média de broyage sont regroupés dans une zone en absence de matière, les réactions endothermiques n'ont plus lieu et la température n'est plus conforme.  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous to control the position of the grinding media inside the enclosure in order to avoid in particular a position that is too high or too low relative to the material to be treated. For this purpose, the device according to the invention will advantageously comprise temperature measuring means arranged at different altitudes within the enclosure. For example in the form of thermocouples inserted into the thimbles penetrating the enclosure. Thus, if the temperature varies abnormally we can deduce a heterogeneous distribution of the grinding media and the material to be treated at the temperature setting zone and adjust the vibrations accordingly. For example, if the grinding media are grouped in an area in the absence of material, the endothermic reactions no longer take place and the temperature is no longer consistent.
Tout autre moyen permettant la visualisation de la répartition des éléments dans l'enceinte peut être avantageusement mis en œuvre dans le cadre de l'invention.  Any other means for viewing the distribution of the elements in the enclosure can be advantageously implemented in the context of the invention.
Les connexions des différentes entrées et sorties sont préfèrentiellement conçues de façon à supporter mécaniquement les vibrations appliquées et à ne pas les transmettre au reste des équipements de l'installation.  The connections of the various inputs and outputs are preferably designed so as to mechanically support the vibrations applied and not to transmit them to the rest of the equipment of the installation.
Par exemple et préfèrentiellement les connexions peuvent être réalisées dans une matière flexible.  For example and preferably the connections can be made in a flexible material.
Elles peuvent aussi être conçues avec un glissement vertical libre et étanche de sorte que quand les vibrations sont appliquées, le mouvement relatif des pièces de la connexion maintient l'étanchéité et empêche la transmission de vibration en aval. They can also be designed with a free vertical sliding and waterproof so that when the vibrations are applied, the relative movement of the parts of the connection maintains tightness and prevents downstream vibration transmission.
Selon une variante de l'invention, les caractéristiques "fréquence, intensité, durée" ne sont pas figées par conception, mais obéissent à une régulation dont la consigne peut être définie selon la matière première utilisée, sa distribution granulométrique de départ, la température de pyrolyse que l'on va appliquer,  According to a variant of the invention, the characteristics "frequency, intensity, duration" are not fixed by design, but obey a regulation whose setpoint can be defined according to the raw material used, its initial particle size distribution, the temperature of pyrolysis that we will apply,
Avantageusement la régulation desdites caractéristiques est couplée aux moyens de mesure de la température disposés à différentes altitudes à l'intérieur de l'enceinte. Advantageously, the regulation of said characteristics is coupled to the temperature measuring means arranged at different altitudes within the enclosure.
Selon une variante de l'invention, le moyen de secouage est obtenu par l'utilisation de masselottes tournantes (non représentées) reliées à un arbre tournant grâce à un moteur (préfèrentiellement électrique) . Les masses tournantes créent un balourd dans le moyen de secouage, de sorte qu'à chaque tour effectué par le mécanisme, l'enceinte, à laquelle le moyen de secouage est attaché, subit une secousse. Les masses en jeu sont évidemment dimensionnées en fonction de la masse de l'enceinte chargée de matière.  According to a variant of the invention, the shaking means is obtained by the use of rotating flyweights (not shown) connected to a rotating shaft by means of a motor (preferably electric). The rotating masses create an imbalance in the shaking means, so that at each turn made by the mechanism, the enclosure, to which the shaking means is attached, is shaken. The masses in play are obviously dimensioned according to the mass of the enclosure charged with matter.
Selon une autre variante de l'invention, comme représenté sur la figure 3, le moyen de secouage 22 est obtenu par l'utilisation d'une ou plusieurs cames 23 associées mécaniquement à un jeu de bielles 24 qui amplifient le mouvement des cames soumises à une rotation par le biais d'un moteur 25. A chaque rotation de la came, l'enceinte est soulevée puis relâchée brusquement, ce qui cause l'apparition d'une secousse dans l'enceinte, permettant de faire remonter les gros éléments de matière, tel que décrit plus haut. L'enceinte peut être assise sur des ressorts 26 de façon à absorber les variations d'énergie potentielle lors du déplacement et limiter l'usure mécanique de l'ensemble. According to another variant of the invention, as represented in FIG. 3, the shaking means 22 is obtained by the use of one or more cams 23 mechanically associated with a set of connecting rods 24 which amplify the movement of the cams subjected to a rotation by means of a motor 25. With each rotation of the cam, the enclosure is lifted and then released suddenly, which causes the appearance of a jolt in the enclosure, making it possible to trace the large elements of matter, as described above. The enclosure can be seated on springs 26 so as to absorb the variations potential energy during the movement and limit the mechanical wear of the assembly.
Une conception adaptée de la bielle permet de transformer une grande course verticale, avec faible effort du côté de la came, en un déplacement de faible course mais avec un effort important (la masse de l'enceinte remplie de matière) du côté de la connexion avec l'enceinte.  A suitable design of the connecting rod makes it possible to transform a large vertical stroke, with little effort on the side of the cam, into a short stroke but with a great effort (the mass of the enclosure filled with material) on the connection side. with the speaker.
L'invention concerne également un procédé d'épuration utilisant le dispositif, les moyens et les configurations décrits ci-dessus.  The invention also relates to a purification method using the device, the means and the configurations described above.
Notamment, la pyrolyse peut être effectuée selon le mode de co-courant (les gaz sont extraits en partie basse) soit selon le mode de contre-courant (les gaz sont extraits en partie haute) .  In particular, the pyrolysis can be carried out according to the co-current mode (the gases are extracted in the lower part) or in the countercurrent mode (the gases are extracted in the upper part).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif (1) de pyrolyse ou gazéification, comportant une enceinte étanche (2), comprenant dans sa partie haute au moins une entrée (3) dite entrée de matière première à pyrolyser ou gazéifier (10), dans sa partie basse au moins une sortie (4) dite sortie de cendres, au moins une sortie (51, 52) dite de gaz produits durant la réaction, l'enceinte étanche (2) étant associée à au moins un moyen de vibration (20), apte à faire vibrer ladite enceinte (2) caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des média de broyage disposés dans l'enceinte (2) . 1 - Device (1) for pyrolysis or gasification, comprising a sealed enclosure (2), comprising in its upper part at least one inlet (3) called the raw material inlet to be pyrolyzed or gasified (10), in its lower part at least an outlet (4) called ash outlet, at least one outlet (51, 52) called gas outlet produced during the reaction, the sealed enclosure (2) being associated with at least one vibration means (20), capable of making vibrate said enclosure (2) characterized in that it further comprises grinding media arranged in the enclosure (2).
2 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre au moins un moyen d'arrêt sélectif comprenant une grille perforée (7) placée dans l'enceinte (2), de sorte à séparer cette dernière en deux zones, une zone supérieure adjacente à ladite entrée de matière (3) et une zone inférieure adjacente à ladite sortie de cendres (4) . 3 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte étanche2 - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises at least one selective stopping means comprising a perforated grid (7) placed in the enclosure (2), so as to separate the latter into two zones , an upper zone adjacent to said material inlet (3) and a lower zone adjacent to said ash outlet (4). 3 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sealed enclosure
(2) est associée à un moyen de chauffage apte à chauffer l'intérieur de ladite enceinte (2) . 4 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte comprend au moins une entrée (6) dite de réactifs. (2) is associated with heating means capable of heating the interior of said enclosure (2). 4 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said enclosure comprises at least one inlet (6) called reagents.
5 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de vibration (20) est apte à faire vibrer ladite enceinte dans une direction formant un angle maximum de 30° par rapport à la verticale . 6 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les connexions des entrées (3, 6) et sorties (4, 51, 52) à ladite enceinte (2) sont montées mobiles et étanches par rapport à celle-ci. 5 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said vibration means (20) is capable of causing said enclosure to vibrate in a direction forming a maximum angle of 30° relative to the vertical. 6 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connections of the inputs (3, 6) and outputs (4, 51, 52) to said enclosure (2) are mounted movable and sealed relative to it .
7 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de vibration (20) est asservi à un moyen de régulation (21) permettant d'ajuster la fréquence, l'intensité et la durée des vibrations générées. 7 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said vibration means (20) is slaved to a regulation means (21) making it possible to adjust the frequency, intensity and duration of the vibrations generated.
8 - Dispositif selon l'un des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de vibration (20) comprend au moins une masselotte fixée sur un arbre tournant . 8 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration means (20) comprises at least one flyweight fixed on a rotating shaft.
9 - Dispositif selon l'un des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de vibration comprend au moins une bielle (24) et au moins une came (23) mue par un moteur rotatif. 9 - Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the vibration means comprises at least one connecting rod (24) and at least one cam (23) driven by a rotary motor.
10 - Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que lesdits média de broyage ont au moins 2 tailles différentes. 10 - Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said grinding media have at least 2 different sizes.
11 - Procédé de pyrolyse ou gazéification caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9. 11 - Pyrolysis or gasification process characterized in that it comprises the use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 9.
PCT/FR2016/052853 2015-11-04 2016-11-03 Device for pyrolysis with shaking WO2017077245A1 (en)

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FR1560556A FR3043090B1 (en) 2015-11-04 2015-11-04 PYROLYSIS DEVICE WITH SHAKERS
FR1560556 2015-11-04

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US940493A (en) * 1909-05-10 1909-11-16 John Jacob Astor Vibratory disintegrator for gas-producers.
DE493601C (en) * 1925-11-27 1930-03-10 Jean Raoul Francois Marius Las Gas generator with reverse pulling direction for wood gasification
EP0101143A2 (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-02-22 Chester D. Rogers Conversion of biomass into combustible gas
WO1986002940A1 (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-05-22 James David Willis Gasification methods and apparatus
EP0997196A2 (en) * 1998-10-06 2000-05-03 QED International Limited Method of and apparatus for grinding material
WO2013006877A1 (en) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Rep Renewable Energy Products Gmbh Device and method for gasifying biomass

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US940493A (en) * 1909-05-10 1909-11-16 John Jacob Astor Vibratory disintegrator for gas-producers.
DE493601C (en) * 1925-11-27 1930-03-10 Jean Raoul Francois Marius Las Gas generator with reverse pulling direction for wood gasification
EP0101143A2 (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-02-22 Chester D. Rogers Conversion of biomass into combustible gas
WO1986002940A1 (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-05-22 James David Willis Gasification methods and apparatus
EP0997196A2 (en) * 1998-10-06 2000-05-03 QED International Limited Method of and apparatus for grinding material
WO2013006877A1 (en) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Rep Renewable Energy Products Gmbh Device and method for gasifying biomass

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FR3043090A1 (en) 2017-05-05

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