WO2017067591A1 - Appareil de communication et procédé pour faire fonctionner un appareil de communication - Google Patents

Appareil de communication et procédé pour faire fonctionner un appareil de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017067591A1
WO2017067591A1 PCT/EP2015/074384 EP2015074384W WO2017067591A1 WO 2017067591 A1 WO2017067591 A1 WO 2017067591A1 EP 2015074384 W EP2015074384 W EP 2015074384W WO 2017067591 A1 WO2017067591 A1 WO 2017067591A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication apparatus
antenna array
beam directivity
information
directivity pattern
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/074384
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English (en)
Inventor
Georgios ALEXANDROPOULOS
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201580083767.8A priority Critical patent/CN108141266B/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2015/074384 priority patent/WO2017067591A1/fr
Publication of WO2017067591A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017067591A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a communication apparatus and a method of operating such a communication apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a communication apparatus capable of beamforming and a method of operating such a communication apparatus.
  • Beamforming is a well-known and widely adopted signal processing technique for spatial filtering in multi-antenna communication systems (see, for instance, B. D. Van Veen and K. M. Buckley, "Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering," IEEE Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 4-24, Apr. 1988).
  • BF has been traditionally used for radiating/receiving energy to/from a specific location in space, or equivalently attenuating signal(s) to/from specific locations in space.
  • BF is one of the most popular techniques for the physical layer of emerging wireless communication systems operating in high-frequency bands, as for example microwave and millimeter wave bands, and it has been considered both for access and backhaul communications.
  • the popularity of BF in such systems is primarily due to the fact that it can be efficiently realized with large-sized phased antenna arrays that are able to offer a large BF gain, also known as large directional gain, with small and cheap individual antenna elements.
  • a large BF gain can be achieved when node A radiates energy to the direction of node B and the latter receives energy from the direction that node A radiates to it, and vice versa, i.e. when the beams at both ends of the wireless communication link are geometrically aligned.
  • network node A or B, or only their antenna arrays, move or change position/orientation their beams obtained from BF may stop being geometrically aligned to an acceptable level, which usually degrades the performance of their communication link.
  • This hard-alignment technique uses a set of candidate beam directivity patterns at any two communicating wireless network nodes and searches in a ping-pong fashion, i.e. in a multi-round fashion, between the nodes for the pair of beam directivity patterns maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of the communication link.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • a multi-antenna transmit network node estimates the positions of intended single-antenna receiver nodes in order to construct transmit BF vectors.
  • the position estimation of the receive nodes can be performed using either angle-of-arrival estimation techniques, global positioning systems (GPS) readings or location-based advertisement.
  • GPS global positioning systems
  • a one-sided beam search for wireless network nodes with large-sized antennas for wireless local area networks is described in IEEE, PHY/MAC complete proposal specification (TGad D0.1 ), IEEE 802.1 1-10/0433r2 Std., 2010. This method aims at establishing initial beam alignment between any two communicating network nodes.
  • a two-stage beam-search technique for wireless local area networks is included in IEEE 802.1 1 ad, Wireless LAN MAC and PHY specifications - amendment 3: Enhancements for very high throughput in the 60 GHz band, 2012. According to this technique, a coarse grained sector-level sweep is first performed, followed by a beam-level alignment phase. An exhaustive search over all possible transmission and reception directions is applied in each level.
  • one network node utilizes a set of predefined BF patterns or beam directivity patterns and its intended for communication receive node indicates which beam needs to be used.
  • the latter node informs the former one for which BF pattern to utilize by sending a feedback with the selected beam's entry in the codebook.
  • a steerable microwave backhaul multi-antenna transceiver architecture comprising of one or more sensors has been presented in US 2014/0347222.
  • the sensor(s) may output readings/measurements that can be used to adjust the phase and/or amplitude coefficients of the transceiver.
  • An apparatus and a method for maintaining beam alignment in a wireless communication system is provided in US 2014/0056256 A1. According to this method, the transmitting network node utilizes a set of predefined BF patterns or beam directivity patterns and when the quality of its communication link with a receiving network node falls below a certain threshold, the latter node feedbacks the preferred BF pattern that satisfies the quality requirement of their communication link.
  • any wireless device wishing to connect to a network possesses the positions of the APs of a network and utilizes its GPS data to connect to one of them.
  • the connection to the network is accomplished by the node wishing to connect to it by calculating the relative vector with one of the APs, and then sending a sounding packet to the chosen one. For this calculation, the wireless device obtains its position through GPS.
  • the chosen AP estimates the condition of its link with the wireless device, steers its beam towards to it and sends a packet to it to establish the desired connection.
  • US 2010/0124212A1 A very similar method for radio-frequency transmit and receive BF has been presented in US 2010/0124212A1 .
  • a wireless device wishing to connect to an AP of a network possesses a locating system that is comprised of a GPS and electronics compass.
  • the AP broadcasts its position.
  • the device calculates the relative vector between its position and that of the AP, and then sends a sounding packet to it.
  • the AP estimates its channel condition with the wireless device, steers its beam towards it, and sends a packet to it to establish the desired connection.
  • a one-sided codebook-based beam search technique is generally not adequate for high-frequency wireless communication systems, where narrow beams are utilized at both communicating ends and need to be aligned as precisely as possible.
  • two-sided codebook-based beam alignment techniques the beam pair selection generally requires multi-round ping-pong exchanges of information between any two communicating wireless network nodes. This mode of operation results in high computational load and large overhead for ping-pong signaling.
  • the invention relates to a communication apparatus configured to communicate with another communication apparatus, wherein the communication apparatus comprises: an antenna array configured to define a beam directivity pattern for communicating with an antenna array of the other communication apparatus, wherein the antenna array is configured to adjust the beam directivity pattern on the basis of information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and/or information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus.
  • the information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus is based on an estimate of the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus computed by the communication apparatus or on data defining the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus provided by the other communication apparatus.
  • the antenna array is configured to adjust the beam directivity pattern on the basis of information provided by a control entity in communication with the communication apparatus, wherein the control entity is configured to select a beam directivity pattern for the antenna array of the communication apparatus and a beam directivity pattern for the antenna array of the other communication apparatus on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and/or the information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus.
  • the communication apparatus further comprises a position sensor configured to provide the information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus.
  • the communication apparatus further comprises a communication interface configured to transmit the information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus to the other communication apparatus and to receive from the other
  • the communication apparatus the information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus.
  • the communication interface is configured to operate at frequencies, which are lower than the frequencies employed for the beam directivity pattern. This allows ensuring a more reliable communication link due to the fact that, at lower communication frequencies the probability of beam misalignment is reduced.
  • the communication apparatus further comprises an estimator configured to estimate a quality measure of the communication channel defined by the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus, and wherein the antenna array is configured to adjust the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array of the communication apparatus in case the quality measure of the communication channel is smaller than a first quality measure threshold.
  • SNR is the preferred measure of quality of the communication channel between the communication apparatus and the other communication apparatus. Other quality measures of the communication channel are possible as well.
  • the communication apparatus further comprises a selector configured to select the beam directivity pattern on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and/or the information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus.
  • the selector is configured to select the beam directivity pattern from a database, in particular a look-up table, wherein the database contains a quality measure of the communication channel defined by the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus for a plurality of beam directivity patterns defined for a plurality of different positions of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and a plurality of different positions of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus.
  • the selector is configured to select the beam directivity pattern from the database by selecting the beam directivity pattern from those beam directivity patterns in the database, which are defined for a position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus being closest to a current position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus.
  • the distance between the current position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and a position defined in the database can be estimated using an Euclidean distance measure. Other distance measures are possible as well.
  • the selector is configured to select the beam directivity pattern from those beam directivity patterns in the database, which are associated with a quality measure of the communication channel being larger than a second quality measure threshold.
  • the communication apparatus is configured to transmit the information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and information about the selected beam directivity pattern to the other communication apparatus, if the quality measure of the communication channel is lower than the second quality measure threshold, using the beam directivity pattern from the database, which provides the largest quality measure of the communication channel for a current position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus.
  • the communication apparatus is configured to receive from the other communication apparatus the information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus and information about the beam directivity pattern selected by the other communication apparatus and wherein the selector is configured to select a beam directivity pattern from the database on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array of the other
  • the selector is configured to select the beam directivity pattern by selecting the beam directivity pattern from those beam directivity patterns in the database, which are defined for a position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus being closest to the current position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus and which are associated with a quality measure of the communication channel being larger than a third quality measure threshold.
  • the communication apparatus is configured to compute an optimized beam directivity pattern on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array of the communication apparatus, the information about the position of the antenna array of the other communication apparatus and the information about the beam directivity pattern selected by the other
  • the communication apparatus is further configured to store the optimized beam directivity pattern in the database.
  • the invention relates to a method of operating a
  • the method according to the second aspect of the invention can be performed by the communication apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention. Further features of the method according to the second aspect of the invention result directly from the functionality of the communication apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention and its different implementation forms.
  • the invention relates to a computer program comprising program code for performing the method according to the second aspect of the invention when executed on a computer.
  • the invention can be implemented in hardware and/or software.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a method of operating a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 3 shows a flow diagram illustrating the operation of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary coordinate system to describe the spatial relation between a communication apparatus according to an embodiment and another communication apparatus at different instants of time
  • Figure 5 shows a table of quality measures in the form of a SNR of a communication channel between a communication apparatus according to an embodiment and another communication apparatus for a plurality of beam directivity patterns and a plurality of positions/displacements of both communication apparatuses
  • Figure 6 shows an exemplary diagram illustrating five exemplary beam directivity patterns for a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 7 shows another exemplary diagram illustrating five exemplary beam directivity patterns for a communication apparatus according to an embodiment in communication with the communication apparatus of figure 6;
  • Figure 8 shows a flow diagram illustrating different steps of a first stage of operation taking place at a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 9 shows a flow diagram illustrating different steps of a second stage of operation taking place at a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 10 shows a flow diagram illustrating different steps of a third stage of operation taking place at a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 1 1 shows a flow diagram illustrating different steps of a fourth stage of operation taking place at a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 12 shows a diagram illustrating the signaling between a communication apparatus according to an embodiment and another communication apparatus in a first scenario
  • Figure 13 shows a diagram illustrating the signaling between a communication apparatus according to an embodiment and another communication apparatus in a second scenario
  • Figure 14 shows a diagram illustrating the signaling between a communication apparatus according to an embodiment and another communication apparatus in a third scenario
  • Figure 15 shows a diagram illustrating the signaling between a communication apparatus according to an embodiment and another communication apparatus in a fourth scenario.
  • a disclosure in connection with a described method may also hold true for a corresponding device or system configured to perform the method and vice versa.
  • a corresponding device may include a unit to perform the described method step, even if such unit is not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures.
  • the features of the various exemplary aspects described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a communication apparatus 100a according to an embodiment.
  • the communication apparatus 100a is configured to communicate with another communication apparatus 100b using BF.
  • the communication apparatus 100a comprises an antenna array 101 a configured to define a beam directivity pattern for communicating with an antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the antenna array 101 a is configured to adjust the beam directivity pattern on the basis of information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and/or information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the other communication apparatus 100b can be essentially identical to the communication apparatus 100a, i.e. the communication apparatus 100b can have the same or similar components as the communication apparatus 100a, which will be described in more detail further below.
  • the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus 100b which hereinafter will also be referred to as node 100a and node 100b, each can be mounted or supported in such a way that their respective position can be time dependent.
  • the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100 defines the shape and a central position of the beam directivity pattern for communicating with the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • a change of position of the communication apparatus 100a leads to a change of position of the antenna array 101 a, which, in turn, can lead to a change of the central position of its beam directivity pattern.
  • the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b is based on an estimate of the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b computed by the communication apparatus 100a or on data defining the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b provided by the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the antenna array 101 a is configured to adjust the beam directivity pattern on the basis of information provided by a control entity in communication with the communication apparatus 101 a, wherein the control entity is configured to select a beam directivity pattern for the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and a beam directivity pattern for the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and/or the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the communication apparatus 100a can further comprise a position sensor 102a configured to provide the information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a.
  • the communication apparatus 100a can further comprise a communication interface 103a configured to transmit the information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a to the other communication apparatus 100b and to receive from the other communication apparatus 100b the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the communication interface 103a is configured to operate at lower frequencies. This allows ensuring a more reliable communication link due to the fact that, at lower communication frequencies the probability of beam misalignment is reduced.
  • the communication apparatus 100a can further comprise an estimator 105a configured to estimate a quality measure of the communication channel defined by the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b and wherein the antenna array 101 a is configured to adjust the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a in case the quality measure of the communication channel is smaller than a first quality measure threshold.
  • the measure of quality of the communication channel between the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus 100b is the signal to noise ratio.
  • the communication apparatus 100a can further comprise a selector 107a configured to select the beam directivity pattern on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 101 a and/or the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the selector 107a is configured to select the beam directivity pattern from a database 109a, wherein the database 109a contains a quality measure of the communication channel defined by the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b for a plurality of beam directivity patterns defined for a plurality of different positions of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and a plurality of different positions of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the database 109a can contain a look-up table.
  • the database 109a can be part of the communication apparatus 100a, as shown in the embodiment of figure 1.
  • the database 109a can be an entity separate from the communication apparatus 100a, which can be accessed by both the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the selector 107a is configured to select the beam directivity pattern from the database 109a by selecting the beam directivity pattern from those beam directivity patterns in the database 109a, which are defined for a position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a being closest to a current position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a.
  • the selector 107a can be configured to determine a measure of closeness or distance using an Euclidean distance measure.
  • the selector 107a is configured to select the beam directivity pattern from those beam directivity patterns in the database 109a, which are associated with a quality measure of the communication channel being larger than a second quality measure threshold.
  • the second quality measure threshold can be equal to the first quality measure threshold.
  • the communication apparatus 100a is configured to transmit the information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and information about the selected beam directivity pattern to the other
  • the communication apparatus 100b using for instance the communication interface 103a, if the quality measure of the communication channel is lower than the second quality measure threshold, using the beam directivity pattern from the database 109a, which provides the largest quality measure of the communication channel for a current position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a.
  • the communication apparatus 100a is configured to receive from the other communication apparatus 100b the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b and information about the beam directivity pattern selected by the other communication apparatus 100b and wherein the selector 107a is configured to select a beam directivity pattern from the database 109a on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b and the information about the beam directivity pattern selected by the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the selector 107a is configured to select the beam directivity pattern by selecting the beam directivity pattern from those beam directivity patterns in the database 109a, which are defined for a position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a being closest to the current position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a and which are associated with a quality measure of the communication channel being larger than a third quality measure threshold.
  • the third quality measure threshold can be equal to the first quality measure threshold and/or the second quality measure threshold.
  • the communication apparatus 100a is further configured to compute an optimized beam directivity pattern on the basis of the information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus 100a, the information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication apparatus 100b and the information about the beam directivity pattern selected by the other communication apparatus 100b.
  • the communication apparatus 100a is further configured to store the optimized beam directivity pattern in the database 109a.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a method 200 of operating a communication apparatus 100a.
  • the method 200 comprises a step 201 of using an antenna array 101 a of the communication apparatus or node 100a configured to define a beam directivity pattern for communicating with an antenna array 101 b of another communication apparatus or node 100b.
  • the method 200 further comprises a step 203 of adjusting the beam directivity pattern on the basis of information about the position of the antenna array 101 a of the communication node 100a and/or information about the position of the antenna array 101 b of the other communication node 100b.
  • each node 100a, 100b when the performance of the communication link between the nodes 100a, 100b becomes unacceptable, i.e. lower than a desired performance level (reference sign 301 of figure 3), each node 100a, 100b can obtain its position information or the position information of its antenna array 101 a, 101 b (reference sign 303 of figure 3). Then, based on a master-slave fashion, the nodes 100a, 100b can exchange their position information or the position information of their antenna array 101 a, 101 b together with their utilized beam directivity pattern (predefined or computed; reference sign 305 of figure 3). Under the aforementioned fashion, each node 100a, 100b can search in the commonly available database (e.g. look-up table) for the predefined beam directivity pattern yielding acceptable level of beam alignment, i.e.
  • the commonly available database e.g. look-up table
  • each node 100a, 100b makes use of the information available to it, namely from the phase of BF information exchange, position of the other node or this node's antenna array, to design the optimum beam directivity pattern steering to it. This position information is utilized together with the latter optimum beam directivity pattern as well as the resulting performance indicator to enrich/update the commonly available database 109a with the precomputed performance indicators (reference sign 309 of figure 3).
  • the present invention can be implemented using hardware and software modules for: i) measuring the position/displacement of the communicating network nodes 100a, 100b and/or their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b; ii) reliably exchanging control communication signals including BF information, comprising of the latter position information together with the utilized beam directivity patterns (predefined or computed) from the nodes 100a, 100b; and iii) for providing the database 109a, in particular look-up table, with the performance indicators for the link between them for different combinations of predefined beam directivity patterns for both nodes 100a, 100b and preplaced positions/displacements of the nodes 100a, 100b and/or their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b.
  • each node 100a, 100b and/or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b can be accomplished with one or more instruments/sensors, such as the position sensor 102a, which can comprise highly accurate special purpose devices, GPS devices, displacement sensor(s) and/or electronical compasses, attached to each node 100a, 100b and/or their antenna array 101 a, 101 b.
  • the exchange of BF information including, e.g. the utilized beam directivity pattern and position/displacement of the node 100a, 100b and/or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b, between the network nodes 100a, 100b wishing to communicate can be
  • a dedicated low-frequency conventional transceiver system such as the communication interface 103a described above, can be used.
  • this transceiver system consists of one antenna or antenna array with a wider beam width than that of the highly directive antenna array 101 a, 101 b in order to ensure a reliable exchange of control communication signals carrying the aforementioned BF information.
  • both communicating network nodes 100a, 100b hold a common database 109a, in particular look-up table, containing the performance indicators described before.
  • this common database 109a can be constructed during an initial calibration phase or enriched/updated over certain periods of time.
  • dedicated software can be deployed in order to enrich/update the database, in particular look-up table, 109a according to certain objectives (e.g. increased resolution of the look-up table aiming at adapting to changing environmental conditions).
  • the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus can be, for instance, two fixed-position multi-antenna network nodes operating in a wireless environment including a LOS component providing a high-frequency communication link, for example in a microwave or millimeter wave frequency band.
  • a LOS component providing a high-frequency communication link, for example in a microwave or millimeter wave frequency band.
  • both nodes 100a, 100b first monitor their position information.
  • the nodes 100a, 100b can exchange in a master-slave fashion their position information together with their utilized beam directivity pattern.
  • the latter BF information such as utilized beam directivity pattern and coordinates, or relative coordinates, of the node 100a, 100b to communicate and/or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b, is used by each node 100a, 100b in order to search in the commonly available look-up table 109a for the beam directivity pattern yielding acceptable level of beam alignment, i.e. desired performance level.
  • the commonly available look-up table 109a includes the performance indicators for the link between the communicating network nodes 100a, 100b for different combinations of predefined beam directivity patterns for both nodes 100a, 100b and preplaced positions/displacements of the nodes 100a, 100b and/or their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b.
  • the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus can be, for instance, two fixed-position multi-antenna network nodes operating in a wireless environment including a LOS component providing a high- frequency communication link, for example in a microwave or millimeter wave frequency band
  • a LOS component providing a high- frequency communication link
  • both nodes 100a, 100b first monitor their position/displacement information but do not exchange it with each other.
  • each network node 100a, 100b can utilize its own measured position/displacement information together with an estimate or prediction of the position/displacement of the other node 100a, 100b (e.g.
  • node movement prediction using wind information available from weather forecast in order to find in the common available look-up table 109a, which includes the performance indicators for the link between the nodes 100a, 100b for different combinations of predefined beam directivity patterns for both nodes 100a, 100b and preplaced positions/displacements of the nodes 100a, 100b and/or their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b, an adequate beam directivity pattern yielding an acceptable level of beam alignment, i.e. a desired performance level.
  • the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus 100b can be implemented in form of multi-antenna network nodes 100a, 100b wishing to communicate through a high-frequency wireless link with a LOS component and can be configured to periodically monitor the performance of their communication link (e.g. the SNR value).
  • the performance of the communication link becomes unacceptable, i.e. lower than a desired performance level
  • both nodes 100a, 100b measure their position/displacement or the position/displacement of their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b and exchange this information.
  • Each network node 100a, 100b utilizes the position/displacement information of the node wishing to communicate with in order to design the optimum beam directivity pattern steering to it.
  • the communication apparatus 100a and the other communication apparatus 100b can be implemented in form of two multi-antenna network nodes 100a, 100b communicating through a high-frequency wireless communication link, for example a microwave or millimeter wave link, with a LOS component.
  • the nodes 100a, 100b can move on fixed route trajectories and each node 100a, 100b can possess a certain number of predefined beam directivity patterns.
  • each node 100a, 100b measures its position or the position of its antenna array 101 a, 101 b and forwards it, in particular using a dedicated low-frequency transceiver system, such as the communication interface 103a, to a network control entity maintaining the look-up table 109a with the performance indicators for the link between the communicating nodes 100a, 100b for different combinations of predefined beam directivity patterns for both nodes 100a, 100b and preplaced positions of the nodes 100a, 100b or their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b on the fixed route trajectories.
  • a dedicated low-frequency transceiver system such as the communication interface 103a
  • the network control entity searches in the look-up table 109a for a pair of beam directivity patterns yielding an acceptable performance, and then forwards the identifier of the respective beam directivity pattern to each of the nodes 100a, 100b allowing each node 100a, 100b to adopt the corresponding beam directivity pattern.
  • the communication apparatus 100a is implemented in the form of a node A and the other communication apparatus 100b is implemented in the form of a node B, wherein node A is considered as the master node and node B as the slave node and both nodes lie in the two-dimensional space as illustrated in figure 4.
  • node A is considered as the master node
  • node B as the slave node and both nodes lie in the two-dimensional space as illustrated in figure 4.
  • An extension of this implementation example to three-dimensional space is straightforward.
  • Each node 100a, 100b is considered to be mounted on a pole and both poles are assumed to sway due to wind or ground vibration. As a result of pole sway, both network nodes 100a and 100b move in arbitrary directions, but within specific displacement limits that depend on the material and structure of the poles.
  • Both network nodes 100a and 100b deploy one or more instruments/sensors for position/displacement monitoring, such as the position sensor 102a, as well as an extra low-frequency conventional transceiver system, such as the communication interface 103a, for exchanging BF information, e.g. utilized beam directivity patterns and position/displacement of the nodes 100a, 100b.
  • BF information e.g. utilized beam directivity patterns and position/displacement of the nodes 100a, 100b.
  • the exemplary coordinate system shown in figure 4 with the origin defined by the position of the master node 100a is adopted.
  • the (0,0) point of the two-dimensional coordinate system in figure 4 is the position point M 0 (A) of master node 100a
  • the position of slave node 100b is defined by point M 0 (B) with coordinates (0,c/ 0 )-
  • the position of node 100a in the two-dimensional coordinate system of figure 4 is given by the coordinates of point M t (A)
  • the position of node 100b is given by the coordinates of point M t (B)
  • d t represents the distance of the nodes at this time instant t.
  • each node 100a, 100b in order for each node 100a, 100b to calculate the direction to the other node, i.e. the direction to steer a beam, the coordinates of the position of both nodes 100a, 100b are needed at each node as well as the original distance of the nodes 100a, 100b, i.e. d 0 .
  • the position of a network node 100a, 100b can be defined as the position of the center of its antenna array 101 a, 101 b and distances refer to the distances between the centers of the antennas arrays 101 a, 101 b of the nodes 100a, 100b. Even if one or more instruments/sensors monitoring position/displacement and/or one or more instruments measuring the distance between the nodes 100a, 100b are not attached to the centers of the antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b of the nodes 100a, 100b, but to other portions of the nodes 100a, 100b or the poles supporting the nodes 100a, 100b, the positions of the centers of the antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b can be still calculated, as can be appreciated from the following example.
  • the position of the center of the antenna array 101 a of the master network node 100a is given by the coordinates (a,b). Since the shape of the structure of the node 100a is known, i.e. the geometry of the node 100a as a whole, any movement/displacement of node 100a from the initial point (0,0) can be translated to a movement/displacement of the center of its antenna array 101 a.
  • both the master node 100a and the slave node 100b can maintain in their memory a look-up table, such as the look-up table 109a described above, with the SNR performance indicators for the link between the nodes 100a, 100b for all combinations of predefined beam directivity patterns for both nodes 100a, 100b and preplaced positions/displacements of them and/or their antenna arrays 101 a, 101 b.
  • a look-up table such as the look-up table 109a described above
  • an exemplary look-up table ⁇ for K predefined beam directivity patterns for both nodes 100a, 100b as well as M preplaced positions/displacements in the x-axis and N preplaced positions in the y-axis of both nodes 100a and 100b is given in the table shown in figure 5.
  • the number of predefined beam directivity patterns and/or the number of preplaced positions/displacements can be different between the nodes 100a, 100b.
  • notations X e (A) and X e (B) represent the e-th preplaced position/displacement in the x-axis for node 100a and 100b, respectively, and Y C (A) and Y C (B) denote the c-th preplaced position/displacement in the y-axis for node 100a and 100b, respectively, with e e ⁇ 1 ,2,...,M ⁇ and c e ⁇ 1 ,2, ...,N ⁇ .
  • notations b cost (A) and b cost (B) represent the n-th predefined beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 a, 101 b of node 100a and 100b, respectively, with n e ⁇ 1 ,2, ...,K ⁇ .
  • the look-up table ⁇ 109a commonly available to both nodes 100a and 100b is constructed in an initial calibration phase, where both nodes 100a, 100b are placed at M different positions/displacements along the x-axis and N different
  • the SNR performance of the wireless communication link between the nodes 100a, 100b is measured for different combinations of positions/displacements and predefined beam directivity patterns of the nodes 100a, 100b.
  • the number of entries in the lookup table 109a will increase with the number of the aforementioned combinations.
  • a look- up table 109a with an increased size translates consequently to an increased resolution in terms of SNR performance indicators for different positions/displacements and predefined beam directivity patterns.
  • the size of the commonly available look-up table 109a can depend on the application and more specifically: / ' ) an increased resolution in specific angular sectors can be required in some applications (see e.g.
  • the look-up table 109a instead of being hosted in the nodes 100a, 100b can be hosted on a network control entity with increased storage and big data recovery capabilities); / ' / ' ) the size of the look-up table 109a can be kept reasonable for extreme positions/displacements and whenever a position/displacement not included in the look-up table 109a occurs (in this case one or more threshold values on how close the measured positions/displacements are to the available preplaced positions/displacements can be used), beam alignment can be accomplished by exchanging the actual measured positions/displacements of the nodes 100a, 100b between the nodes 100a, 100b; and / ' / ) the content of a fixed-size look-up table 109a is periodically updated in order to dynamically capture the environment where the two network nodes 100a, 100b are operating.
  • beam misalignment is considered to occur when the instantaneous SNR value of the wireless communication link between the master node 100a and the slave node 100b falls below a minimum SNR threshold h , i.e. a first quality measure threshold.
  • This threshold can depend on the particular application and reveals the required level of quality of service of the communication link.
  • one or both of the nodes 100a, 100b can measure the SNR performance at each time instant t, and obtain an estimate g t for the instantaneous SNR performance.
  • a feedback from the latter node to the former with the estimated SNR value g t is provided in an embodiment.
  • This feedback operation can take place either with: / ' ) conventional feedback of the g t value, possibly a quantized version of it; or with / ' / ' ) dedicated signals in a time-division-duplexing system from the receiving node to the transmitting one in order for the latter to estimate the SNR value of their communication link.
  • the g t value can be exchanged using the communication interface 103a to ensure a reliable exchange.
  • the master node 100a initiates a set of actions when g t ⁇ y t and then, if needed, a set of actions from the slave node 100b follows. If still g t ⁇ y t , a final set of actions from master node 100a can be used.
  • the following three stages for achieving an acceptable level of beam alignment between the communicating network nodes 100a and 100b can be used: i) Master Recovery 1 (MR1 ) Stage; ii) Slave Recovery (SR) Stage; and iii) Master Recovery 2 (MR2) Stage.
  • indices are used in the exchanged signals between nodes 100a and 100b in order to indicate either pure control communication signals including BF information (utilized beam directivity pattern and coordinates, or relative coordinates, of the node 100a, 100b or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b) or data signals including data and/or the aforementioned BF information.
  • BF information utility beam directivity pattern and coordinates, or relative coordinates, of the node 100a, 100b or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b
  • data signals including data and/or the aforementioned BF information.
  • b s (A) and b s (B) with s e ⁇ 1 ,2, ...,K ⁇ denote the selected predefined beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 a, 101 b of node A and B, respectively, yielding an acceptable SNR performance level (with, as already mentioned above, K denoting the number of elements of the set of available BF patterns).
  • the beam directivity pattern of the antenna array 101 a, 101 b of node 100a and 100b designed so as to steer towards the respective other node is denoted by b op t (A) and b op t (B) , respectively.
  • g max denotes the maximum SNR performance that is measured at one of the nodes 100a, 100b at a particular time instant using all available predefined beam directivity patterns.
  • master node 100a estimates the instantaneous SNR value g t , and only when g t ⁇ h the following actions follow (reference sign 801 of figure 8). Whenever g t ⁇ h , master node 100a obtains its current
  • position/displacement information (reference sign 803 of figure 8) from its one or more instruments/sensors, such as the position sensor 102a, and finds the preplaced position/displacement in its look-up table 109a that is closest to its current
  • One way to compute the closest preplaced position/displacement is to make use of a Euclidean distance measure.
  • the latter preplaced position/displacement is used together with the BF information (utilized beam directivity pattern and position/displacement) for the slave node 100b from the previous time slot in order for master node 100a to search in the look-up table 109a for a predefined beam directivity pattern yielding g t ⁇ y t (reference sign 807 of figure 8).
  • master node 100a can perform a sequential scanning with all available beam directivity patterns and use the first one meeting the SNR requirement or the one yielding the maximum SNR performance.
  • master node 100a can utilize it to send data to the slave node 100b (reference signs 809 and 81 1 of figure 8). Otherwise, master node 100a can utilize its predefined beam directivity pattern yielding maximum SNR performance for the intended communicating link to send data to slave node 100b together with its BF information (reference signs 809 and 813 of figure 8), such as utilized beam directivity pattern for node 100a and its position/displacement information obtained from its one or more instruments/sensors.
  • the BF information mentioned in the context of reference sign 813 can be sent by means of the
  • the data mentioned in the context of reference sign 813 can be send using the antenna array 101 a at high frequencies.
  • B bits are needed for the exchange of BF information between the communicating nodes 100a, 100b, wherein
  • the slave node 100b can enter the SR stage and follow the set of actions shown in figure 9. Initially, the slave node 100b obtains its current position/displacement information from its one or more
  • node 100b can utilize the position/displacement information received from master node 100a to find the preplaced position/displacement available in its look-up table that is closest to the current position of node 100a.
  • These preplaced positions/displacements for both nodes 100a, 100b are used together with the information for the predefined beam directivity pattern selected by master node 100a in order for slave node 100b to search in the lookup table for a predefined beam directivity pattern yielding g t ⁇ y t (reference sign 905 of figure 9).
  • the slave node 100b utilizes it to send data to the master node 100a (reference signs 909 and 91 1 of figure 9). Otherwise, the slave node 101 b makes use of the position/displacement information received from the master node 100a to design the optimum beam directivity pattern steering to it (reference sign 913 of figure 9). If the utilization of this optimized beam directivity pattern by the slave node 100b results in g t ⁇ h , this beam directivity pattern is used to send data to the master node 100a (reference signs 915 and 919 of figure 9).
  • this optimized beam directivity pattern together with the position/displacement information of the slave node 100b and the value g t is stored in the look-up table in order to enrich/update the look-up table of node 100b and is also sent to the master node 100a for the same purpose (reference sign 917 of figure 9).
  • this information can be send using the communication interface 103a operating at lower frequencies to ensure a reliable exchange.
  • this information can be send using the antenna array 101 a operating at higher frequencies, because g t ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4 h - If the utilization of the optimized beam directivity pattern by the slave node 100b still yields g t ⁇ h , the slave node 100b can still utilize this beam directivity pattern to send data to the master node 100a as well as the optimum beam directivity pattern information together the position/displacement information of slave node 100b (reference signs 915 and 919 of figure 9).
  • the BF information is preferably send using the communication interface 103a operating at lower frequencies.
  • the BF information can be sent without the value g t or can include a predefined value, e.g. "0", used for this case.
  • the master node 100a receives data and BF information from the slave node 100b, such as the optimal beam directivity pattern as well as position/displacement information of node 100b.
  • This BF information can include the g t value measured from node 100b. In the case that this value is included, this means that an acceptable level of beam alignment has been achieved in the SR stage.
  • the action followed by master node 100a within the MR2 stage, when an acceptable level of beam alignment has been achieved in the SR stage, is shown in figure 10.
  • master node 100a proceeds with decoding the data received from the slave node 100b (reference sign 1001 of figure 10) and keeps the BF information received from slave node 100b together with its BF information from the MR1 stage shown in figure 8, such as the selected predefined beam directivity pattern, the value g t and position/displacement information of the node 100a, to enrich/update its lookup table 109a.
  • Figure 1 1 shows the steps followed by the master node 100a within the MR2 stage according to an embodiment, when the g t value measured from node 100b is not received (or the value for this is a predefined one, e.g. 0).
  • the master node 100a utilizes the position/displacement information received from slave node 100b to design the optimum beam directivity pattern steering to it (reference signs 1 101 and 1 103 of figure 1 1 ).
  • node 100a measures g t for this beam (reference sign 1 105 of figure 1 1 ).
  • the master node 100a makes use of this optimum BF pattern together with its position/displacement information and the previously measured g t as well as the received BF information for slave node 100b in order to enrich/update its look-up table 109a (reference sign 1 107 of figure 1 1 ). Then, the master node 100a uses the optimum beam directivity pattern steering to slave node 100b to send data to the slave node 100b (reference sign 1 109 of figure 1 1 ), including information about the optimum beam directivity pattern determined by the master node 100a., the value g t and position/displacement information of master node 100a, in order for slave node 100b to enrich/update its look-up table. In case node 100a has not moved from its previous position, i.e. its position in the MR1 stage, information about its unchanged position does not have to be sent in step 1 109 of figure 1 1 once more to node 100b.
  • Figure 12 illustrates the signaling between master node 100a and slave node 100b according to an embodiment when an acceptable level of beam alignment is achieved requiring only the actions within the MR1 stage 1201 at master node 100a.
  • Figure 13 illustrates the signaling when an acceptable level of beam alignment is achieved with the actions within the MR1 stage 1301 at the master node 100a and the SR stage 1303 at the slave node 100b.
  • Figure 13 refers to the case where after the MR1 stage 1301 the available information in the look-up table of slave node 100b is used in the SR stage 1303 and results in an acceptable level of beam alignment.
  • figure 15 depicts the signaling when an acceptable level of beam alignment is achieved with the actions of all three stages, namely the MR1 stage 1501 , the SR stage 1503 and the MR2 stage 1505. Contrary to the SR stage 1403 in figure 14, in the SR stage 1503 of figure 15 the g t value is not sent. Rather in the MR2 stage 1505 of figure 15 the g t value and the optimal beam directivity pattern for the master node 100a are sent to the slave node 100b.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide amongst others the following advantages in dealing with beam misalignment in high-frequency wireless communication networks operating in a wireless environment with a LOS component.
  • beam alignment between communicating multi-antenna network nodes 100a, 100b can be achieved in at most three control communication stages.
  • the performance level of beam alignment will depend on the LOS conditions of the wireless communication channel between any two communicating network nodes 100a, 100b.
  • an optimum BF requires perfect channel state information at both communicating nodes 100a, 100b and according to this the nodes utilize the dominant left and right singular vectors of the channel matrix.
  • each control communication signal exchanged by the communicating nodes 100a, 100b includes BF information, such as information about the utilized beam directivity pattern and coordinates of the node 100a, 100b and/or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b of one of the communicating nodes 100a, 100b.
  • embodiments of the invention channel estimation techniques for high-frequency wireless communication systems employing antenna arrays with much less radio-frequency chains than antenna elements, e.g. large-sized phased-arrays with few or even one radio- frequency chains, and requiring a large number of training symbols are avoided.
  • the complexity of the mode of operation for beam alignment according to embodiments of the invention deriving from the exchange of BF information, such as utilized beam directivity pattern and position/displacement of the node 100a, 100b and/or its antenna array 101 a, 101 b, between the network nodes 100a, 100b is low, since at most three control communication stages are utilized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de communication (100a) configuré pour communiquer avec un autre appareil de communication (100b). L'appareil de communication comprend un réseau d'antennes (101a) configuré de façon à définir un diagramme de directivité de faisceau pour communiquer avec un réseau d'antennes (101b) de l'autre appareil de communication (100b). Le réseau d'antennes (101a) est configuré pour régler le diagramme de directivité de faisceau sur la base des informations relatives à la position du réseau d'antenne (101a) de l'appareil de communication (100a) et/ou des informations concernant la position du réseau d'antennes (101b) de l'autre appareil de communication (100b).
PCT/EP2015/074384 2015-10-21 2015-10-21 Appareil de communication et procédé pour faire fonctionner un appareil de communication WO2017067591A1 (fr)

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