WO2017056265A1 - 免震ユニットおよび免震装置 - Google Patents
免震ユニットおよび免震装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017056265A1 WO2017056265A1 PCT/JP2015/077838 JP2015077838W WO2017056265A1 WO 2017056265 A1 WO2017056265 A1 WO 2017056265A1 JP 2015077838 W JP2015077838 W JP 2015077838W WO 2017056265 A1 WO2017056265 A1 WO 2017056265A1
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- Prior art keywords
- seismic isolation
- unit
- preload
- elastic body
- compression
- Prior art date
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 437
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 239
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 33
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/32—Belleville-type springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
- F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
- F16M11/20—Undercarriages with or without wheels
- F16M11/22—Undercarriages with or without wheels with approximately constant height, e.g. with constant length of column or of legs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/16—Housings; Caps; Mountings; Supports, e.g. with counterweight
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/08—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence pre-stressed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/0023—Purpose; Design features protective
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M2200/00—Details of stands or supports
- F16M2200/08—Foot or support base
Definitions
- This invention relates to a seismic isolation unit and a seismic isolation device for suppressing the transmission of shaking caused by an earthquake when an earthquake occurs to a structure or equipment.
- the seismic isolation unit or seismic isolation device is installed between the seismic isolation object and the foundation, and separates the seismic isolation object from the foundation when an earthquake occurs. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the transmission of earthquake vibrations from the base to the seismic isolation target, and to bring about the effect of mitigating the acceleration generated in the seismic isolation target when an earthquake occurs.
- a seismic isolation device including a support device and a damping device is attached between the seismic isolation target and the base (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 it is suggested to apply a spring apparatus to a seismic isolation apparatus.
- the elastic rigidity of the seismic isolation plastic damping device has a trigger function, uses mechanical elements that break when a large earthquake breaks, and uses seismic observation sensors
- a mechanism that activates the seismic isolation system an attempt is made to operate the seismic isolation system by releasing the connection between the base portion and the seismic isolation target only during an earthquake (for example, Patent Document 2). reference).
- the conventional seismic isolation device has a problem that it cannot be reused for repeated earthquakes or cannot be used at the time of a power failure because a power source is required to operate it.
- Patent Document 1 uses one spring held in one housing, and it is difficult to vary the magnitude of a trigger force depending on the direction.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to use it in many environments and in an environment without electricity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a seismic isolation unit and a seismic isolation device that can have rigidity.
- the seismic isolation unit includes a vibration-side connection portion connected to a structure that vibrates due to an earthquake and a seismic isolation unit that is connected to a seismic isolation target that is a target that does not transmit vibration and has a predetermined direction.
- a seismic isolation target connection portion positioned at a predetermined interval from the vibration side connection portion in the direction, and a movement restriction portion.
- the movement restricting portion is between the vibration side connecting portion and the seismic isolation target connecting portion, has a preload, and has an elastic body to which an external force in the seismic isolation direction is applied as pressure.
- the movement restriction portion does not change the interval when the external force is equal to or less than the preload, and allows the vibration side connection portion to move when the external force exceeds the preload with the interval changing.
- the base isolation device includes a vertical direction base isolation unit, a first direction base isolation unit, and a second direction base isolation unit.
- the vertical seismic isolation unit is a seismic isolation unit in which the seismic isolation target exists on the upper side and the vertical direction is the seismic isolation direction.
- the first direction seismic isolation unit is a seismic isolation unit that is connected to the seismic isolation target via the vertical direction seismic isolation unit and makes the first direction in the horizontal plane the seismic isolation direction.
- the second direction seismic isolation unit is a seismic isolation unit that is connected to the seismic isolation target via the vertical direction seismic isolation unit and sets the second direction different from the first direction in the horizontal plane to the seismic isolation direction.
- the movement restriction part of the vertical seismic isolation unit includes a tension side elastic body that is an elastic body to which an external force in a direction in which the interval is increased is applied as pressure, and a compression that is an elastic body in which an external force in a direction to be decreased is applied as pressure.
- Side elastic body The vertical seismic isolation unit includes a tension-side preload adjusting unit that changes the preload applied to the tension-side elastic body, and a compression-side preload adjusting unit that changes the preload applied to the compression-side elastic body.
- the preload of the compression side elastic body of the vertical seismic isolation unit is characterized by being larger than the vertical drag that supports the gravity acting on the seismic isolation target.
- the seismic isolation device is a seismic isolation unit connected to a seismic isolation object supported so as to be movable in the horizontal plane, with the first direction in the horizontal plane being the seismic isolation direction.
- a one-way seismic isolation unit, and a second direction seismic isolation unit that is a seismic isolation unit connected to the seismic isolation object, with a second direction different from the first direction in the horizontal plane as the seismic isolation direction
- a seismic isolation unit and a seismic isolation device that can be used many times and can be used in an environment without electricity, and can provide rigidity if the earthquake is isolated but not an earthquake.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the seismic isolation device shown in FIG. 5. It is a side surface schematic diagram of the seismic isolation apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 9. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram in the AA line shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating operation
- the seismic isolation unit is a first connection portion 41 that is a seismic isolation target connection portion that is connected to a seismic isolation target that is a target that does not transmit vibration, and a vibration side connection portion that is connected to a structure that vibrates due to an earthquake
- a preload spring unit 3 as a movement restricting unit and a damping device unit 5 are mainly provided. Between the 1st connection part 41 and the 2nd connection part 12, the preload spring unit 3 and the damping device part 5 are arrange
- the preload spring unit 3 includes two preloaded springs (hereinafter referred to as preload springs 8a and 8b), preload adjusting mechanisms 9a and 9b for adjusting the pressure applied to the preload springs 8a and 8b, and a preload spring. It mainly includes a housing 11 that separately accommodates 8a and 8b, and shafts 7b and 7c that transmit external forces to the preload springs 8a and 8b, respectively.
- the housing 11 has a cylindrical shape having two internal spaces separated by a partition wall 11a. Openings through which the shafts 7b and 7c pass are formed on both end faces of the casing 11 with the partition wall 11a interposed therebetween.
- the shaft 7 b is connected to the first connection portion 41.
- the shaft 7 c is connected to the second connection part 12.
- Preload springs 8a and 8b are disposed in the two internal spaces, respectively.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b are formed by stacking a predetermined number of disc springs whose outer shape is a truncated cone shape.
- the disc spring has a circular hole on the top side.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b are in a state where a natural length spring is contracted by applying a load in the main axis direction.
- the preload spring unit 3 has two housings for each of two internal spaces. Note that the openings provided in the housing 11 allow the shafts 7 b and 7 c to pass through, but the preload springs 8 a and 8 b do not come out of the housing 11.
- a plate-like pressure member 10b existing between the partition wall 11a and the preload spring 8a is connected to one end of the shaft 7c.
- the shaft 7c and the pressure member 10b cannot move toward the partition wall 11a, but can move toward the side where the preload spring 8a exists.
- the shaft 7c and the pressure member 10b move by further compressing the preload spring 8a, the length of the preload spring unit 3 becomes longer. Therefore, when an external force (tensile force) that increases the distance between the first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 12 in the seismic isolation direction is applied to the preload spring unit 3, an external force is applied to the preload spring 8a. Applied as pressure.
- the preload spring 8a is an elastic body (tensile side elastic body) to which an external force in a direction in which the interval increases is applied as pressure.
- the shaft 7c is a tension side shaft that transmits an external force to the pressure member 10b.
- the pressure member 10b is a tensile force application unit that is connected to the tension side shaft and transmits the force from the tension side shaft as a pressure to the tension side elastic body.
- One end of the shaft 7b is connected to a plate-like pressurizing member 10d existing between the end portion having the opening of the housing 11 and the preload spring 8b.
- the shaft 7b and the pressure member 10d cannot move toward the end of the housing 11, but can move toward the side where the preload spring 8b exists.
- the shaft 7b and the pressure member 10d move by further compressing the preload spring 8b, the length of the preload spring unit 3 is shortened. Therefore, when an external force (compression force) is applied to the preload spring unit 3 in such a direction that the distance between the first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 12 in the seismic isolation direction is reduced, the external force is applied to the preload spring 8b. Applied as pressure.
- the preload spring 8b is an elastic body (compression side elastic body) to which an external force in a direction in which the interval is reduced is applied as pressure.
- the shaft 7b is a compression side shaft that transmits an external force to the pressure member 10d.
- the pressure member 10d is a compression force application unit that is connected to the compression side shaft and transmits the force from the compression side shaft to the compression side elastic body as pressure.
- the side where the pressure member contacts the spring on the side far from the opening of the housing is the tension side, and the side where the pressure member contacts the spring on the side near the opening of the housing is the compression side.
- the portion of the housing 11 including the partition wall 11a which is closer to the second connection portion 12 than the partition wall 11a, houses a preload spring 8a as a tension side elastic body, and is connected in the second connection in the seismic isolation direction.
- casing which has an opening in the end surface at the part 12 side.
- a portion of the housing 11 including the partition wall 11a on the first connection portion 41 side from the partition wall 11a houses a preload spring 8b as a compression side elastic body, and the first connection portion 41 on the side where the tension side housing does not exist.
- the tension-side casing and the compression-side casing are obtained by dividing one casing by a partition, and share the partition.
- the tension-side casing and the compression-side casing may be different casings in which the relative positional relationship is fixed.
- the end opposite to the end in contact with the pressure member 10d is in contact with the movable plate 10c.
- the position of the movable plate 10c can be adjusted by a pre-pressure adjusting mechanism 9b described later.
- the preload spring 8a the end opposite to the end in contact with the pressing member 10b is in contact with the movable plate 10a.
- the position of this movable plate 10a can also be adjusted by a pre-pressure adjusting mechanism 9a described later.
- the preload spring unit 3 is an extendable unit.
- Each of the preload adjusting mechanisms 9a and 9b as the preload adjusting unit is a mechanism for adjusting the preloads of the preload springs 8a and 8b by moving the movable plates 10a and 10c, respectively.
- the distance between the inner surface of the housing 11 and the movable plates 10a and 10c, that is, the lengths of the springs 8a and 8b changes.
- the lengths of the springs 8a and 8b have a linear relationship with the magnitude of pressure according to Hooke's law. Therefore, when the movable plates 10a and 10c are moved, the preload applied to the preload springs 8a and 8b changes.
- the pre-pressure adjusting mechanisms 9a and 9b can adopt any configuration as long as the movable plates 10a and 10c can be moved. For example, jacks or screws can be used. As a result, it is possible to change the preload at which the seismic isolation system starts to function even after installation.
- the preload can be set to a value that is appropriately larger than an external force applied to the seismic isolation target at normal times, such as a load due to wind or the like.
- the preload can be about twice the assumed maximum value of the external force generated during normal times.
- the preload adjusting mechanism 9a is a tension-side preload adjusting unit that changes the preload applied to the preload spring 8a that is a tensile elastic body.
- the preload adjusting mechanism 9b is a compression side preload adjusting unit that changes the preload applied to the preload spring 8b, which is a compression elastic body.
- the damping device section 5 as a vibration damping section generates a resistance force according to the moving speed and attenuates the input vibration. From a different point of view, the attenuator 5 generates a force that reduces the distance when the distance between the first connection part 41 and the second connection part 12 increases, and the distance decreases. Generates a force that increases the spacing.
- One end of the attenuation device unit 5 is connected to the first connection unit 41.
- the shaft 7 a of the damping device section 5 protrudes from the other end located on the opposite side to the one end connected to the first connection portion 41. The end portion of the shaft 7 a is connected to the support portion 42 of the second connection portion 12.
- Any known attenuation device can be applied to the attenuation device section 5. In addition, you may arrange
- the attenuation device part 5 when the attenuation device part 5 does not exist, it becomes an ideal seismic isolation, and the acceleration added to a seismic isolation object can be made smaller than the case where the attenuation device part 5 exists.
- the fluctuation of the distance between the structure moving with the ground and the seismic isolation object becomes large, and the fluctuation may be several meters.
- the attenuation device section 5 is for preventing this large displacement.
- Acceleration applied to the seismic isolation object can be suppressed when the damping action in the damping device 5 is small.
- the variation in the distance between the structure and the seismic isolation object becomes large.
- the damping action in the damping device section 5 is large, the variation in the interval is small, but the acceleration applied to the seismic isolation object is large.
- the attenuation characteristic of the attenuation device unit 5 is determined.
- the second connection portion 12 as the vibration side connection portion is a portion connected to a structure that vibrates due to an earthquake, but also has a function as a position rotation displacement adjustment mechanism.
- the second connection unit 12 includes a position displacement adjustment mechanism 13 and a rotational displacement adjustment mechanism 14.
- the position displacement adjusting mechanism 13 includes a support portion 42 that is a plate-like member, an intermediate plate portion 43 that is a plate-like member disposed at a distance from the support portion 42, and a space between the support portion 42 and the intermediate plate portion 43. And a distance adjusting member that changes the distance between the two.
- the distance between the support portion 42 and the intermediate plate portion 43 can be changed by the distance adjustment member.
- the distance adjusting member is, for example, a jack or a screw.
- the rotational displacement adjusting mechanism 14 includes an intermediate plate portion 43, a connection portion 44 spaced from the intermediate plate portion 43, and a spherical bearing that connects the intermediate plate portion 43 and the connection portion 44 at an arbitrary angle. Including.
- the connection portion 44 can be appropriately positioned and installed with respect to the structure with, for example, six degrees of freedom. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the reaction force caused by the restraint of the seismic isolation target by the connecting portion 44 from affecting an object having weak rigidity such as a precision device included in the seismic isolation target.
- the rotational displacement adjusting mechanism 14 may be disposed on the preload spring unit 3 side.
- the position displacement adjustment mechanism 13 and the rotational displacement adjustment mechanism 14 may be installed on the first connection portion 41 side, or may be installed on both the first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 12. If it says from a different viewpoint, at least any one of the 1st connection part 41 and the 2nd connection part 12 will connect with the connection part 44 as a connection member for contacting and connecting with the target object to connect. And a member for making the connection angle variable, such as a spherical bearing that functions as a connection position adjustment unit capable of adjusting the position and angle of the connection unit 44 with respect to the preload spring unit 3 as the movement restriction unit, and a distance adjustment member.
- a member for making the connection angle variable such as a spherical bearing that functions as a connection position adjustment unit capable of adjusting the position and angle of the connection unit 44 with respect to the preload spring unit 3 as the movement restriction unit, and a distance adjustment member.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example when the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1 is installed in one horizontal direction.
- FIG. 2 shows the seismic isolation unit installed in one horizontal direction, that is, the first direction, in this configuration example, another exemption is also provided in the direction intersecting the first direction in the horizontal plane, that is, in the second direction.
- Install a seismic unit (not shown).
- the second direction is preferably a direction orthogonal to the first direction in the horizontal plane. That is, the seismic isolation device which is the configuration example shown in FIG.
- the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1 connected to the seismic isolation target 1 with the second direction different from the first direction in the horizontal plane as the seismic isolation unit.
- two or more seismic isolation units may be installed in at least one of the first direction and the second direction.
- a plurality of seismic isolation units may be installed so as to sandwich the seismic isolation target. A greater seismic isolation effect can be obtained by increasing the number of seismic isolation units.
- the seismic isolation unit is installed between a horizontal plate-shaped seismic isolation layer 2 arranged at the lower part of the seismic isolation target 1 such as a building or a precision instrument, and the foundation 4 on the ground side. Is done.
- the seismic isolation object 1 exists on the seismic isolation layer 2.
- the seismic isolation unit is written larger than the actual size.
- a wall 4a is formed to protrude from the base 4 toward the seismic isolation layer 2 at the end where the seismic isolation unit of the seismic isolation layer 2 is installed.
- the wall part 2a protrudes toward the base part 4 side from the seismic isolation layer 2 in the position facing the wall part 4a.
- the seismic isolation unit is arrange
- a linear guide 6 is installed between the wall 2a and the foundation 4.
- the linear guide 6 is a guide mechanism that moves smoothly without restriction in the horizontal direction.
- a linear guide 6 is also installed between the wall 4a and the seismic isolation layer 2.
- a sliding bearing other than the linear guide may be used.
- laminated rubber, sliding bearings, rolling bearings, etc. may be used.
- the wall 2a and the wall 4a support the weights of the seismic isolation object 1 and the seismic isolation layer 2 via the horizontal linear guide 6.
- the seismic isolation target 1 and the seismic isolation layer 2 are alleviated by the seismic isolation unit.
- the seismic isolation layer 2 and the seismic isolation object 1 are isolated with respect to the vibration of the earthquake in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 3A shows the seismic isolation unit in a normal state before vibration due to the earthquake is applied.
- FIG. 3B shows a state in which an external force in the pulling direction indicated by the arrow 54 is applied to the base isolation unit in the base isolation direction.
- FIG. 3C shows a state in which an external force in the compression direction indicated by the arrow 56 is applied to the base isolation unit in the base isolation direction.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b are contracted, and the base 4 and the seismic isolation object 1 are separated and isolated.
- the damping device unit 5 attenuates the inputted seismic vibration. As a result, it is possible to suppress vibrations from the base portion 4 to the seismic isolation layer 2 by the seismic isolation unit.
- the seismic isolation unit After the earthquake, the pressure members 10b and 10d are returned to the initial positions before the earthquake by the restoring force of the preload springs 8a and 8b. As a result, the seismic isolation unit automatically returns to the normal state and can operate in the same manner when the next earthquake occurs. In addition, when an external force equal to or less than the preload is applied to the seismic isolation unit, the distance between the first connection part 41 and the second connection part 12 does not change, and the seismic isolation unit maintains high rigidity. The seismic isolation object 1 and the base 4 are connected.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b are designed to have a low spring constant so as not to affect the seismic isolation function. That is, the elastic coefficient of the preload spring unit 3 is preferably changed as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between load and displacement in the preload spring unit 3.
- the horizontal axis indicates the displacement of the interval between the first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 12 in the preload spring unit 3
- the vertical axis indicates the load applied to the preload spring unit 3.
- the upper side of the vertical axis shows the tensile load, and the lower side shows the compressive load.
- interval between the 1st connection part 41 and the 2nd connection part 12 makes a normal state a displacement zero.
- a spring having a low spring constant is preloaded and used as the preload springs 8a and 8b.
- the rigidity of the housing 11 is dominant when the load is smaller than the predetermined preload as shown in the region 15 of FIG. 4, and the increase or decrease of the displacement is extremely small with respect to the change of the load. .
- the load becomes larger than the predetermined preload as shown in the region 16 of FIG. 4, the spring constants of the preload springs 8a and 8b themselves are dominant, and the increase or decrease of the displacement is relative to the change of the load. Is getting bigger.
- the increase or decrease of the displacement is smaller than the determined threshold with respect to the change of the load, the interval between the first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 12 is regarded as not displaced.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b are less affected by the stiffness of the spring during an earthquake as the stroke is larger, and the seismic isolation performance can be improved.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b having a longer stroke are required and the seismic isolation unit becomes larger. Therefore, the configuration of the seismic isolation unit is determined comprehensively in consideration of the required specifications of acceleration for the seismic isolation target during an earthquake, the cost of the seismic isolation unit, and spatial constraints.
- the seismic isolation unit is connected to the second connection portion 12 that is a vibration side connection portion connected to a structure that vibrates due to an earthquake and the seismic isolation target that is a target that does not transmit vibration, and is in a predetermined direction.
- a first connection portion 41 that is a seismic isolation target connection portion that is located at a predetermined distance from the vibration side connection portion in a direction, and a preload spring unit 3 that is a movement restriction portion.
- the movement restricting portion is between the vibration side connection portion and the seismic isolation target connection portion, and has preload springs 8a and 8b, which are elastic bodies to which an external force in the seismic isolation direction is applied as pressure.
- the movement restriction portion does not change the interval when the external force is equal to or less than the preload, and allows the vibration side connection portion to move when the external force exceeds the preload with the interval changing.
- the first connection portion 41 that is the seismic isolation target connection portion is applied.
- the 2nd connection part 12 can move.
- the interval between the first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 12 is maintained by the preload spring unit 3.
- the preload spring unit 3 As a result, it is possible to obtain a seismic isolation unit capable of maintaining a high rigidity during normal operation while the seismic isolation function operates only when an earthquake occurs.
- the preload spring unit 3 uses preload springs 8a and 8b to which preload is applied, and does not have a device that particularly requires a power source. Therefore, the configuration is simpler than when a device that requires a power supply is used, and the occurrence probability of a failure can be reduced. Furthermore, the seismic isolation unit can be applied even in an environment where it is difficult to secure a power source such as a power outage or a mountain peak.
- the damping device 5 and the preload spring unit 3 are arranged in parallel in the seismic isolation direction.
- the length of the seismic isolation unit can be made shorter than the case where the damping device 5 and the preload spring unit 3 are arranged in series in the seismic isolation direction. Therefore, the seismic isolation unit according to the present embodiment can be easily applied even in an environment where the distance between the first connection part 41 and the second connection part 12, that is, the length of the base isolation unit in the base isolation direction cannot be made too long. it can.
- the seismic isolation unit according to the present invention is particularly effective when applied to a precision instrument such as a telescope or an optical instrument as a seismic isolation target.
- a precision instrument such as a telescope or an optical instrument as a seismic isolation target.
- the seismic isolation unit according to the present invention it is possible to connect a structure including a precision instrument to the ground firmly so as not to affect the operation of a precision instrument such as a telescope, for example, an observation operation.
- a precision instrument such as a telescope
- an observation operation In case of an earthquake, it can be isolated. That is, it is possible to suppress the vibration caused by the earthquake from being transmitted to the precision instrument.
- the social infrastructure such as the power grid will be damaged in the event of an earthquake, and there may be a situation where sufficient power cannot be supplied to the seismic isolation unit.
- the seismic isolation unit according to the present invention is composed of only mechanical elements such as the preload spring unit 3 and can be used at all times regardless of whether or not power is supplied. Further, by providing the position displacement adjusting mechanism 13 and the rotational displacement adjusting mechanism 14 which are connection position adjusting units, the seismic isolation target is supported without being affected by the reaction force, so that precision equipment with weak rigidity can also be isolated. Can be targeted.
- the seismic isolation device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention can be used for seismic isolation with respect to observation equipment installed on a large telescope mount, for example.
- the seismic isolation device is connected to the first connection part 24 that is a vibration side connection part connected to a structure that vibrates due to an earthquake and the seismic isolation object that is an object that does not transmit vibration.
- a second connection portion 22 including a top plate 23 to be formed, a Z-direction preload spring unit 20 and a Z-direction damping device portion 18 disposed between the first connection portion 24 and the second connection portion 22, and an X-direction preload spring.
- a seismic isolation object such as an observation device exists above the top plate 23.
- the seismic isolation object may be in direct contact with the top plate 23, or another member may be present therebetween.
- One end of each of the X-direction preload spring unit 19a, the Y-direction preload spring unit 19b, the X-direction damping device portion 17a, and the Y-direction damping device portion 17b is connected to the second connection portion 22, and the other end is connected to the horizontal first connection portion 30. (Not shown).
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the seismic isolation device viewed from the direction indicated by the arrow 61 in FIG. 5
- FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the seismic isolation device viewed from the direction indicated by the arrow 62 in FIG.
- the X direction is one direction in the horizontal plane
- the Y direction is a direction orthogonal to the X direction in the horizontal plane
- the Z direction is the vertical direction.
- the Z-direction preload spring unit 20, the X-direction preload spring unit 19a, and the Y-direction preload spring unit 19b each have basically the same configuration as the preload spring unit 3 of the seismic isolation device in the first embodiment.
- the Z direction attenuating device unit 18, the X direction attenuating device unit 17a, and the Y direction attenuating device unit 17b each have the same configuration as the attenuating device unit 5 of the seismic isolation device in the first embodiment.
- the first connecting portion 24 is formed by connecting a lower cylinder 24b having flanges on both sides in series under an upper cylinder 24a having a flange on the upper side.
- the upper cylinder 24a is connected and fixed to the structure.
- One end of the Z-direction attenuator 18 is connected to the flange of the upper cylinder 24a.
- the lower end of the lower cylinder 24b is closed by a bottom plate 24c.
- the lower cylinder 24b and the bottom plate 24c are for transmitting force between the Z-direction preload spring unit 20 and the structure to which the upper cylinder 24a is connected.
- One end of the shaft 7b of the Z-direction preload spring unit 20 is connected to the inner surface of the lower cylinder of the bottom plate 24c.
- a portion having a length of about 70% below the Z-direction preload spring unit 20 is accommodated in the first connection portion 24 inside the first connection portion 24.
- the 1st connection part 24 is installed so that the part below the flange of the 1st connection part 24 may be arrange
- the second connecting portion 22 includes a top plate 23, a position displacement adjusting mechanism 13 and a rotational displacement adjusting mechanism 14 similar to those in the first embodiment, and a horizontal seismic isolation unit connecting portion 31 that connects the rod-like member and the plate-like member.
- a horizontal seismic isolation unit in the X direction and the Y direction is connected to the horizontal seismic isolation unit connection portion 31.
- one end of the X-direction preload spring unit 19a, the X-direction damping device portion 17a, the Y-direction preload spring unit 19b, and the Y-direction damping device portion 17b is connected to the horizontal seismic isolation unit connection portion 31.
- the horizontal seismic isolation unit connecting portion 31 is connected to the support portion 42 to which one end of the shaft 7c of the Z-direction preload spring unit 20 is connected, and the relative positional relationship with the support portion 42 is fixed.
- the two X-direction preload spring units 19a are arranged in parallel with each other with the second connecting portion 22 interposed therebetween with the X-axis direction as the seismic isolation direction.
- Preload adjusting mechanisms 21 are installed at both ends of the X direction preload spring unit 19a in the seismic isolation direction. In the pre-pressure adjusting mechanism 21, the applied pressure is changed by changing the lengths of the shafts 7b and 7c.
- the X-direction damping device portion 17a has a main axis direction similar to the X-direction preload spring unit 19a, and when viewed from the X-axis direction as shown in FIGS.
- the connecting member 32 At one end of the X-direction damping device portion 17a on the side far from the Z-direction preload spring unit 20, there is a connecting member 32 that is bent so as to surround the X-direction damping device portion 17a.
- the connecting member 32 is connected to a connecting member 34 (not shown) that also connects the connecting member 33 connected to one end of the X-direction preload spring unit 19a on the side other than the second connecting portion 22.
- the two Y-direction preload spring units 19b are arranged in parallel to each other with the Y-axis direction as the seismic isolation direction and the second connecting portion 22 interposed therebetween.
- Preload adjusting mechanisms 21 are installed at both ends in the seismic isolation direction of the Y direction preload spring unit 19b.
- the Y-direction damping device 17b has a Y-axis direction that is the main axis direction as in the Y-direction preload spring unit 19b, and when viewed from the Y-axis direction as shown in FIGS. It is arranged at a position overlapping the central axis of the Z-direction preload spring unit 20.
- the connecting member 35 bent so as to surround the Y-direction damping device portion 17b.
- the connecting member 35 is connected to a member 37 common to the connecting member 36 connected to one end of the Y-direction preload spring unit 19b on the side other than the second connecting portion 22.
- the seismic isolation device includes a vertical direction seismic isolation unit, a first direction seismic isolation unit, and a second direction seismic isolation unit.
- the vertical direction seismic isolation unit, the first direction seismic isolation unit, and the second direction seismic isolation unit may each have the same configuration as the seismic isolation unit disclosed in the first embodiment.
- the vertical direction seismic isolation unit includes at least a first connection portion 24 and a Z-direction preload spring unit 20.
- the first direction seismic isolation unit includes at least an X-direction preload spring unit 19a.
- the second direction seismic isolation unit includes at least a Y-direction preload spring unit 19b.
- the vertical direction seismic isolation unit, the first direction seismic isolation unit, and the second direction seismic isolation unit each have a Z direction attenuator unit 18, an X direction attenuator unit 17a, and a Y direction attenuator unit 17b.
- the vertical seismic isolation unit is a seismic isolation unit in which the seismic isolation target exists on the upper side and the vertical direction is the seismic isolation direction.
- the first direction seismic isolation unit is a seismic isolation unit that is connected to the seismic isolation target via the vertical direction seismic isolation unit and changes the first direction (X direction) in the horizontal plane to the seismic isolation direction.
- the second direction seismic isolation unit is a seismic isolation unit that is connected to the seismic isolation target via the vertical direction seismic isolation unit and sets the second direction (Y direction) different from the X direction within the horizontal plane to the seismic isolation direction.
- the Z-direction preload spring unit 20 which is a movement restricting portion of the vertical seismic isolation unit includes a tension-side elastic body (for example, the preload spring 8a in FIG. 8) which is an elastic body to which an external force in a direction in which the interval is increased is applied as pressure, A compression-side elastic body (for example, the preload spring 8b in FIG.
- the vertical seismic isolation unit includes a preload adjusting mechanism 9a as a tension-side preload adjusting unit that changes the preload applied to the preload spring 8a, and a preload adjusting mechanism as a compression side preload adjusting unit that changes the preload applied to the preload spring 8b. 9b.
- the preload of the preload spring 8b which is the compression side elastic body of the vertical seismic isolation unit, is larger than the vertical drag that supports the gravity acting on the seismic isolation target.
- the first direction seismic isolation unit and the second direction seismic isolation unit are connected in contact with an object that connects at least one of the vibration side connection part and the seismic isolation target connection part.
- a connection position adjusting unit capable of adjusting the position and angle of the connection member with respect to the movement restricting unit.
- the first direction seismic isolation unit and the second direction seismic isolation unit vibration-side connection portion may each include a position displacement adjustment mechanism 13 and a rotation displacement adjustment mechanism 14 as shown in FIG. .
- the vertical seismic isolation unit may not have the connection member and the connection position adjustment unit. When the vertical seismic isolation unit is elongated in the main axis direction as in the second embodiment, it is desirable to provide the connection member and the connection position adjustment unit in the seismic isolation target connection unit.
- the vertical seismic isolation unit can realize a seismic isolation function for vibrations in the vertical direction.
- the 1st direction seismic isolation unit can implement
- the second direction seismic isolation unit can realize a seismic isolation function for vibration in the second direction intersecting the first direction in the horizontal plane.
- the seismic isolation function can be realized in the vertical direction and the direction along the three directions in the horizontal plane.
- FIG. 8A shows the seismic isolation device in a normal state before the vibration due to the earthquake is applied.
- FIG. 8B shows a state in which the tensile stress indicated by the arrow 54 is applied to the seismic isolation direction which is the vertical direction with respect to the seismic isolation device.
- FIG. 8C shows a state in which the compressive stress indicated by the arrow 56 is applied to the base isolation device in the base isolation direction.
- the first connecting portion 24 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is a cylinder having a flange and a bottom, but in FIG. 8, the configuration of the vertical seismic isolation unit is simplified and described in the same manner as the preload spring unit shown in FIG. is doing.
- the X-direction preload spring unit 19a, the Y-direction preload spring unit 19b, the X-direction damping device section 17a, and the Y-direction damping device section 17b actually overlap with the second connection section 22 as a vertical range. In FIG. 8, it is written so as to exist below the second connecting portion 22 for the sake of simplicity.
- damping apparatus part 18 When the 2nd connection part 22 moves relatively with respect to the 1st connection part 24 in this way, the shaft 7a of the Z direction attenuation
- damping apparatus part 18 will be pulled by the 2nd connection part 22 side, Z direction
- the damping device 18 generates a damping force that prevents the displacement of the shaft 7a.
- This distance L2 is a distance between the position of the top plate 23 in the normal state indicated by the line segment 51 and the position of the top plate 23 indicated by the line segment 53 in FIG. And if the 2nd connection part 22 moves so that it may approach relatively with respect to the 1st connection part 24, it will move to the direction which goes to the Z direction attenuation
- the input acceleration and impact on the seismic isolation target can be reduced by the operation of the vertical seismic isolation unit against the vertical thrust force and gravity force applied to the structure during an earthquake. it can.
- the pressure member 10b is returned to the initial position before the earthquake by the restoring force of the preload springs 8a and 8b of the Z direction preload spring unit 20.
- the seismic isolation device automatically returns to the normal state.
- the preload springs 8a and 8b are not deformed, and the seismic isolation device maintains the high rigidity and the seismic isolation target and the base portion. Connect between the two.
- the preload of the preload spring 8b that contracts when an external force in the compression direction is applied is set to an appropriate preload in the vertical direction in consideration of the influence of the weight of the seismic isolation target.
- the preload spring 8b is a value obtained by adding a vertical drag that supports the gravity of the seismic isolation target.
- the preload of the preload spring 8a on the side that contracts when an external force in the pulling direction as shown in FIG. 8B is applied is a value of only an appropriate preload in the vertical direction.
- seismic isolation units are provided not only in the Z-axis direction but also in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction (three-axis direction). Therefore, seismic isolation functions can be provided in all directions.
- a damping device unit and a preload spring unit that attenuate vibrations in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are combined, but the damping device is in two of the three directions.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a seismic isolation unit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. What is displayed in the center of FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the seismic isolation unit, and what is displayed on both sides of the schematic front view is a side view of the seismic isolation unit. A joint 38 corresponding to the first connection portion or the second connection portion is connected to both ends of the seismic isolation unit.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation and structure of the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG.
- the seismic isolation unit has basically the same configuration as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1, and can obtain the same effects.
- the following two points are different from the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG.
- Preload spring units 27a and 27b and a damping device section 26 are arranged in a straight line in the seismic isolation direction between the vibration side connection portions located at both ends of the seismic isolation unit and the seismic isolation target connection portion. That point.
- a preload spring 28a that contracts when an external force in the tensile direction is applied to the seismic isolation unit and an external force in the compression direction are applied as shown in FIG.
- a preload spring 28b that contracts when applied.
- the seismic isolation unit is arranged so that two preload spring units 27a and 27b are arranged in a straight line with the damping device portion 26 interposed therebetween.
- Each preload spring unit 27a, 27b includes housings 29e, 29f and preload springs 28a, 28b disposed inside the housings 29e, 29f, respectively.
- the interlocking pressure unit 25 (see FIG. 12) is arranged so that the preload springs 28a and 28b can be pushed from the same side of the two preload springs 28a and 28b, for example, from the end located on the left side in FIG.
- the interlocking pressure unit 25 connects the spring pressure unit 25b existing inside the housing 29e, the spring pressure unit 25c present inside the housing 29f, and the spring pressure unit 25b and the spring pressure unit 25c. Connecting arm portion 25a.
- the spring pressing part 25b exists between the end part 29a on the side where the damping device part 26 of the housing 29e does not exist and the preload spring 28a.
- the spring pressurization part 25c exists between the end part 29c on the side where the damping device part 26 of the housing 29f exists and the preload spring 28b.
- Each of the spring pressure units 25b and 25c has three protrusions respectively protruding from three openings provided in the axial direction of the housing.
- the connecting arm portion 25a is three plate-like members that connect the protrusions of the spring pressing portions 25b and 25c.
- the three protrusions of the spring pressing portions 25b and 25c are provided at an angle of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction.
- the three openings of the housings 29e and 29f are also provided at an angle of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction.
- the circumferential widths of the three openings of the housings 29e and 29f are constant in the axial direction so that the three protrusions of the spring pressing portions 25b and 25c can move in the axial direction.
- the connecting arm portion 25a transmits the force applied to the spring pressurization unit 25b to the spring pressurization unit 25c, and transmits the force applied to the spring pressurization unit 25c to the spring pressurization unit 25b.
- the spring pressing portions 25b and 25c move in conjunction with each other while maintaining a predetermined interval by the connecting arm portion 25a.
- the seismic isolation unit shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 is provided between the vibration side connection portion and the seismic isolation target connection portion when an external force exceeding the preload of the preload springs 28a and 28b is applied.
- a movement restriction unit for changing the interval is provided.
- the movement restricting portion is disposed on one side in the seismic isolation direction with respect to the housing 29e as a tension-side housing that houses a preload spring 28a serving as a tension-side elastic body, and serves as a compression-side elastic body.
- a housing 29f as a compression housing for housing the preload spring 28b.
- the movement restricting unit includes a spring pressing unit 25b as a tensile force applying unit that applies pressure to the preload spring 28a.
- the movement restricting unit has a spring pressurizing unit 25c as a compressive force applying unit that applies pressure to the preload spring 28b. Further, the movement restricting portion has a connecting arm portion 25a that has a predetermined length and connects the spring pressing portion 25b and the spring pressing portion 25c.
- the seismic isolation unit is disposed between the casing 29e and the casing 29f, and generates a force in a direction to reduce the spacing when the spacing between the vibration side connection portion and the seismic isolation target connection portion is increased.
- a damping device section 26 is provided as a vibration damping section for generating a force in the direction of increasing the interval when the distance decreases.
- FIG. 12A shows the seismic isolation unit in a normal state before the vibration due to the earthquake is applied.
- FIG. 12B shows a state in which an external force in the compression direction indicated by the arrow 56 is applied to the base isolation unit in the base isolation direction.
- FIG. 12C shows a state in which an external force in the tensile direction indicated by the arrow 54 is applied to the base isolation unit in the base isolation direction.
- the spring pressurizing unit 25b when the external force is equal to or less than the applied pressure, the spring pressurizing unit 25b is pressed against the end 29a by the pressurizing spring 28a, and the spring pressurizing unit 25c is the pressurizing spring. It is in a state of being pressed against the end 29c by 28b. Therefore, the length of the base isolation direction of the seismic isolation unit is the normal length.
- the damping device portion 26 between the spring unit 27a and the spring unit 27b has a damping force indicated by a white arrow in the direction of suppressing the movement of the bus unit 27a. work.
- the damping device portion 26 between the spring unit 27a and the spring unit 27b has a damping force indicated by a white arrow in the direction in which the movement of the bus unit 27a is suppressed.
- the seismic isolation unit maintains rigidity as a structural member as shown in FIG. 12 (A) against disturbances such as daily winds, and FIG. As shown in FIG. 12C, the attenuator 26 operates and can absorb vibration energy caused by an earthquake.
- the damping device section 26 and the preload spring units 27a and 27b are arranged in series in the seismic isolation direction.
- the width of the seismic isolation unit in the direction perpendicular to the seismic isolation direction can be made smaller than when the damping device 26 and the preload spring units 27a and 27b are arranged in parallel in the seismic isolation direction as shown in FIG. Therefore, the seismic isolation unit according to the present embodiment can be easily applied even in an environment in which the width in the direction perpendicular to the seismic isolation direction cannot be so wide.
- the preload spring units 27a and 27b and the damping device section 26 are arranged in a straight line, it is possible to eliminate forces and moments resulting from the displacement of the positions of the preload spring units 27a and 27b and the damping device section 26.
- a plurality of seismic isolation units shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 can be prepared, and these seismic isolation units can be assembled as a set constituting one seismic isolation system. Therefore, the seismic isolation unit can be transported individually, while the seismic isolation system can be easily installed and assembled.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the seismic isolation unit and corresponds to FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 13 basically has the same configuration as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1, and can obtain the same effects.
- the seismic isolation unit is different from the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1 in that the elastic body constituting the preload spring unit 3 is not a disc spring but a coil spring 68. Even when such a coil spring 68 is used, the same operation as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1 can be performed.
- the seismic isolation unit can basically obtain the same effects as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. Further, as the elastic body constituting the preload spring unit 3, a spring having any other configuration such as a leaf spring or a wire spring may be used instead of the coil spring 68. In this case, the same effect as that obtained when the coil spring 68 is used can be obtained.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the seismic isolation unit, which corresponds to FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- the seismic isolation unit basically has the same configuration as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1, and the same effect can be obtained.
- the point which is not provided with the attenuation device part 5 differs from the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. Even with the seismic isolation unit having such a configuration, the same operation as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 1 can be performed.
- the seismic isolation unit can basically obtain the same effects as the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG.
- the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 14 can suppress the acceleration applied to the seismic isolation target as an ideal seismic isolation.
- interval between the 1st connection part 41 and the 2nd connection part 12, ie, the structure which moves with a ground, and a seismic isolation object becomes large.
- the seismic isolation unit shown in FIG. 14 can be employed when such large fluctuations can be tolerated.
- the preload spring unit discloses a configuration including two elastic bodies, but the number of elastic bodies constituting the preload spring unit is not limited to two, and one There may be. Alternatively, the number of elastic bodies constituting the preload spring unit may be three or more.
- This invention is advantageously applied particularly to seismic isolation systems for precision equipment.
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Abstract
Description
<免震ユニットの構成>
図1を参照して、本発明の実施の形態1に係る免震ユニットを説明する。
次に、図1に示した免震ユニットの適用例を、図2を参照しながら説明する。図2には、図1に示した免震ユニットを水平方向の一方向に設置した場合の構成例を示している。なお、図2では水平方向の一方向すなわち第1方向に設置した免震ユニットを示しているが、この構成例では水平面内において第1方向と交差する方向すなわち第2方向にも、別の免震ユニット(図示しない)を設置する。第2方向は、水平面内において、好ましくは第1方向と直交する方向である。つまり、図2に示した構成例である免震装置は、水平面内の第1方向を免震方向にして、水平面内で移動可能に支持されている免震対象1に接続される図1に示した免震ユニットである第1方向免震ユニットと、水平面内で第1方向と異なる第2方向を免震方向にして、免震対象1に接続される図1に示した免震ユニットである第2方向免震ユニットとを備える。このような免震装置では、第1方向および第2方向のどちらか少なくとも一方で、2つ以上の免震ユニットを設置してもよい。この場合、免震対象を挟むように複数の免震ユニットを設置してもよい。免震ユニットの数を増やすことにより、より大きな免震効果を得ることができる。
次に、図3および図4を参照しながら本実施形態に係る免震ユニットの動作を説明する。図3(A)は、地震による振動が加えられる前の通常状態での免震ユニットを示す。図3(B)は、免震ユニットに対して免震方向に矢印54に示す引張り方向の外力が加えられた状態を示す。また、図3(C)は、免震ユニットに対して免震方向に矢印56で示す圧縮方向の外力が加えられた状態を示す。
免震ユニットは、地震により振動する構造物に接続される振動側接続部である第2接続部12と、振動を伝えない対象である免震対象に接続され、決められた方向である免震方向に振動側接続部から決められた間隔を隔てて位置する免震対象接続部である第1接続部41と、移動制約部である予圧バネユニット3とを備える。移動制約部は、振動側接続部と免震対象接続部の間にあって、予圧が加えられており、免震方向の外力が圧力として加えられる弾性体である予圧バネ8a、8bを有する。移動制約部は、外力が予圧以下である場合には間隔を変化させず、外力が予圧を超える場合に間隔が変化して振動側接続部が移動することを可能にする。
<免震装置の構成>
図5~図7を参照して、本発明の実施の形態2に係る免震装置を説明する。本実施形態に係る免震装置は、例えば大型望遠鏡の架台上に設置される観測機器に対する免震に使用され得る。図5~図7に示すように、免震装置は、地震により振動する構造物に接続される振動側接続部である第1接続部24と、振動を伝えない対象である免震対象に接続される天板23を含む第2接続部22と、第1接続部24と第2接続部22の間に配置されたZ方向予圧バネユニット20およびZ方向減衰装置部18と、X方向予圧バネユニット19aと、X方向減衰装置部17aと、Y方向予圧バネユニット19bと、Y方向減衰装置部17bとを主に備える。観測機器などの免震対象は、天板23の上方に存在する。免震対象は、天板23と直接に接触してもよいし、間に別の部材が存在してもよい。X方向予圧バネユニット19a、Y方向予圧バネユニット19b、X方向減衰装置部17a、Y方向減衰装置部17bは、それぞれ一端が第2接続部22に接続され、他端が水平第1接続部30(図示せず)に接続される。なお、図6は図5の矢印61で示す方向から見た免震装置の平面模式図であり、図7は図5の矢印62で示す方向から見た免震装置の側面模式図である。なお、X方向が水平面内の1方向であり、Y方向が水平面内でX方向と直交する方向であり、Z方向が鉛直方向である。
次に、図8を参照しながら本実施形態に係る免震装置の動作を説明する。図8(A)は、地震による振動が加えられる前の通常状態での免震装置を示す。図8(B)は、免震装置に対して鉛直方向である免震方向に矢印54に示す引張り応力が加えられた状態を示す。また、図8(C)は、免震装置に対して免震方向に矢印56に示す圧縮応力が加えられた状態を示す。
<免震ユニットの構成>
図9~図12を参照して、本発明の実施の形態3に係る免震ユニットを説明する。本実施形態に係る免震ユニットは、例えば大型望遠鏡を搭載する架台と地盤との間に適用される。図9は本発明の実施の形態3に係る免震ユニットの模式図である。図9の中央に表示されているのは免震ユニットの正面模式図であり、正面模式図の両側に表示されているのは免震ユニットの側面図である。免震ユニットの両端には、それぞれ第1接続部または第2接続部に対応する継手38が接続されている。図10は図9に示した免震ユニットの平面模式図である。図11は図10のA-A線における断面模式図である。図12は図9に示した免震ユニットの動作および構造を説明するための模式図である。
次に、図12を参照しながら本実施形態に係る免震ユニットの動作を説明する。図12(A)は、地震による振動が加えられる前の通常状態での免震ユニットを示す。図12(B)は、免震ユニットに対して免震方向に矢印56に示す圧縮方向の外力が加えられた状態を示す。また、図12(C)は、免震ユニットに対して免震方向に矢印54に示す引張方向の外力が加えられた状態を示す。図12(A)に示すように、外力が与圧力以下の場合は、バネ加圧部25bは与圧バネ28aにより端部29aに押し付けられた状態であり、バネ加圧部25cは与圧バネ28bにより端部29cに押し付けられた状態である。そのため、免震ユニットの主軸方向の長さは通常時の長さになる。
免震ユニットでは、免震方向に、減衰装置部26と予圧バネユニット27a、27bとが直列に配置されている。この場合、減衰装置部26と予圧バネユニット27a、27bとを図1等に示すように免震方向に並列に配置する場合より、免震ユニットの免震方向に対する垂直方向の幅を小さくできる。そのため、免震方向に対して垂直方向の幅をあまり広くできないような環境でも本実施形態に係る免震ユニットを容易に適用できる。
<免震ユニットの構成及び動作>
図13を参照して、本発明の実施の形態4に係る免震ユニットを説明する。なお、図13は免震ユニットの模式図であり、実施の形態1での図1に対応する。図13に示す免震ユニットは、基本的には図1に示した免震ユニットと基本的には同様の構成を備え、同様の効果を得ることができる。免震ユニットは、予圧バネユニット3を構成する弾性体が皿バネではなくコイルバネ68である点が図1に示した免震ユニットと異なっている。このようなコイルバネ68を用いた場合であっても、図1に示した免震ユニットと同様の動作を行うことができる。
免震ユニットでは、基本的に図1に示した免震ユニットと同様の効果を得ることができる。また、予圧バネユニット3を構成する弾性体としては、コイルバネ68に代えて、例えば板バネ、線バネなどの他の任意の構成のバネを用いてもよい。この場合も、コイルバネ68を用いた場合と同様の効果を得ることができる。
<免震ユニットの構成及び動作>
図14を参照して、本発明の実施の形態5に係る免震ユニットを説明する。なお、図14は免震ユニットの模式図であり、実施の形態1での図1に対応する。図14に示すように、免震ユニットは基本的には図1に示した免震ユニットと同様の構成を備え、同様の効果を得ることができる。減衰装置部5を備えていない点が、図1に示した免震ユニットと異なっている。このような構成の免震ユニットによっても、図1に示した免震ユニットと同様の動作を行うことができる。
免震ユニットでは、基本的に図1に示した免震ユニットと同様の効果を得ることができる。なお、減衰装置部が存在しないため、図14に示した免震ユニットでは理想免震となって免震対象に加わる加速度を抑制できる。ただし、第1接続部41と第2接続部12との間の間隔、すなわち地盤とともに移動する構造物と免震対象との間隔の変動は大きくなる。図14に示した免震ユニットは、このような大きな変動が許容できる場合に採用し得る。なお、第1接続部41と第2接続部12との間の間隔が狭いと、構造物が免震対象にぶつかることになるため、第1接続部41と第2接続部12との間の間隔は想定される変動幅より十分大きく設定する。
Claims (14)
- 地震により振動する構造物に接続される振動側接続部と、
振動を伝えない対象である免震対象に接続され、決められた方向である免震方向に前記振動側接続部から決められた間隔を隔てて位置する免震対象接続部と、
前記振動側接続部と前記免震対象接続部の間にあって、予圧が加えられており、前記免震方向の外力が圧力として加えられる弾性体を有し、前記外力が前記予圧以下である場合には前記間隔を変化させず、前記外力が前記予圧を超える場合に前記間隔が変化して前記振動側接続部が移動することを可能にする移動制約部と、
を備えた免震ユニット。 - 前記移動制約部は、前記間隔が大きくなる向きの前記外力が圧力として加えられる前記弾性体である引張側弾性体と、前記間隔が小さくなる向きの前記外力が圧力として加えられる前記弾性体である圧縮側弾性体とを有する、請求項1に記載の免震ユニット。
- 前記弾性体に加える前記予圧を変更する予圧調整部を備える、請求項1に記載の免震ユニット。
- 前記引張側弾性体に加える前記予圧を変更する引張側予圧調整部と、
前記圧縮側弾性体に加える前記予圧を変更する圧縮側予圧調整部とを備える、請求項2に記載の免震ユニット。 - 前記移動制約部は、
前記引張側弾性体を収納し、前記免震方向の一端に、前記引張側弾性体が出ることがない大きさの開口を有する引張側筐体と、
前記引張側筐体の前記開口が存在しない側に存在し、前記圧縮側弾性体を収納し、前記引張側筐体が存在しない側の前記免震方向の一端に前記圧縮側弾性体が出ることがない大きさの開口を有する圧縮側筐体と、
前記引張側筐体の前記開口を通る引張側軸と、
前記引張側弾性体の前記免震方向での前記開口から遠い側で前記引張側弾性体と接触し、前記引張側軸と接続されて前記引張側軸からの力を圧力として前記引張側弾性体に伝える引張力印加部と、
前記圧縮側筐体の前記開口を通る圧縮側軸と、
前記圧縮側弾性体の前記免震方向での前記開口から近い側で前記圧縮側弾性体と接触し、前記圧縮側軸と接続されて前記圧縮側軸からの力を圧力として前記圧縮側弾性体に伝える圧縮力印加部とを有する、請求項2または4に記載の免震ユニット。 - 前記振動側接続部と前記免震対象接続部の間の前記間隔が大きくなる際に前記間隔を小さくする向きの力を発生させ、前記間隔が小さくなる際に前記間隔を大きくする向きの力を発生させる振動減衰部を備える、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニット。
- 前記免震方向に、前記振動減衰部と前記移動制約部とが並列に配置されている、請求項6に記載の免震ユニット。
- 前記免震方向に、前記振動減衰部と前記移動制約部とが直列に配置されている、請求項6に記載の免震ユニット。
- 前記移動制約部は、
前記引張側弾性体を収納する引張側筐体と、
前記引張側筐体に対して前記免震方向の一方の側に配置され、前記圧縮側弾性体を収納する圧縮側筐体と、
前記引張側筐体と前記圧縮側筐体との間に配置され、前記振動側接続部と前記免震対象接続部の間の前記間隔が大きくなる際に前記間隔を小さくする向きの力を発生させ、前記間隔が小さくなる際に前記間隔を大きくする向きの力を発生させる振動減衰部と、
前記引張側筐体の前記振動減衰部が存在しない側と前記引張側弾性体との間に存在し、前記引張側弾性体へ圧力を加える引張力印加部と、
前記圧縮側筐体の前記振動減衰部が存在する側と前記圧縮側弾性体との間に存在し、前記圧縮側弾性体へ圧力を加える圧縮力印加部と、
決められた長さを有して前記引張力印加部と前記圧縮力印加部とをつなぐアームと、を有する、請求項2または4に記載の免震ユニット。 - 前記振動側接続部および前記免震対象接続部の少なくともいずれか一方は、
接続する対象物に接触して接続されるための接続部材と、
前記移動制約部に対する前記接続部材の位置および角度を調整可能な接続位置調整部とを有する、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニット。 - 前記免震対象が上側に存在し、鉛直方向を前記免震方向にする請求項2、4、5、9のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニットである鉛直方向免震ユニットと、
前記鉛直方向免震ユニットを介して前記免震対象に接続され、水平面内の第1方向を前記免震方向にする請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニットである第1方向免震ユニットと、
前記鉛直方向免震ユニットを介して前記免震対象に接続され、水平面内で前記第1方向と異なる第2方向を前記免震方向にする請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニットである第2方向免震ユニットとを備え、
前記鉛直方向免震ユニットは、前記引張側弾性体に加える前記予圧を変更する引張側予圧調整部と、前記圧縮側弾性体に加える前記予圧を変更する圧縮側予圧調整部とを有し、
前記鉛直方向免震ユニットの前記圧縮側弾性体の前記予圧は、前記免震対象に働く重力を支える垂直抗力よりも大きいことを特徴とする免震装置。 - 前記鉛直方向免震ユニット、前記第1方向免震ユニットおよび前記第2方向免震ユニットの前記振動側接続部は、前記振動側接続部を接続する対象物に接触して接続されるための接続部材と、前記移動制約部に対する前記接続部材の位置および角度を調整可能な接続位置調整部とを有する、請求項11に記載の免震装置。
- 前記鉛直方向免震ユニット、前記第1方向免震ユニットおよび前記第2方向免震ユニットは、前記振動側接続部と前記免震対象接続部の間の前記間隔が大きくなる際に前記間隔を小さくする向きの力を発生させ、前記間隔が小さくなる際に前記間隔を大きくする向きの力を発生させる振動減衰部を有する、請求項11または12に記載の免震装置。
- 水平面内の第1方向を前記免震方向にして、水平面内で移動可能に支持されている前記免震対象に接続される請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニットである第1方向免震ユニットと、
水平面内で前記第1方向と異なる第2方向を前記免震方向にして、前記免震対象に接続される請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の免震ユニットである第2方向免震ユニットとを備えた免震装置。
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- 2015-09-30 JP JP2017527393A patent/JP6309170B2/ja active Active
- 2015-09-30 US US15/763,256 patent/US10443677B2/en active Active
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US10151108B2 (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2018-12-11 | Willis Construction Company | System, apparatus and methods for precast architectural panel connections |
US10087625B2 (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2018-10-02 | Willis Construction Company | System, apparatus and methods for precast architectural panel connections |
US10900226B1 (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2021-01-26 | Willis Construction Company | System, apparatus and methods for precast architectural panel connections |
US11619061B1 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2023-04-04 | University Of Puerto Rico | System for controlling structural vibrations of a multi-story vertical structure |
US11511967B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2022-11-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Base isolation apparatus, lifting apparatus, and base isolation unit |
JP2019158023A (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | カヤバ システム マシナリー株式会社 | 連結装置 |
US10954685B1 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-03-23 | Southeast University | Self-centering cable with metal-based energy-dissipation |
WO2020084848A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-04-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 免震ユニットおよび免震装置 |
JPWO2020084848A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-02-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 免震ユニットおよび免震装置 |
US11401726B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2022-08-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Base isolation unit and base isolation apparatus |
CN111779150A (zh) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 广州大学 | 一种具有自复位功能的调频放大质量阻尼器 |
CN112096662A (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-18 | 黄斌 | 一种高性能聚合物管材的消音环保水泵组件 |
JP7460287B2 (ja) | 2020-12-23 | 2024-04-02 | 青木あすなろ建設株式会社 | 免震制動装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6309170B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 |
EP3358214A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
US20180283487A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
US10443677B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
JPWO2017056265A1 (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
EP3358214A4 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
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