WO2017044471A1 - 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance - Google Patents
7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017044471A1 WO2017044471A1 PCT/US2016/050523 US2016050523W WO2017044471A1 WO 2017044471 A1 WO2017044471 A1 WO 2017044471A1 US 2016050523 W US2016050523 W US 2016050523W WO 2017044471 A1 WO2017044471 A1 WO 2017044471A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- thickness
- cold working
- ingot
- 7xxx series
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present application relates to armor components made of high strength aluminum, such as 7xxx series aluminum alloys, which may be employed in civil or military ballistic protection systems. It relates more particularly to armor components such as armor hull walls and add-on armor appliques in vehicles.
- Structures and vehicles are increasingly designed to protect their occupants from penetration of projectiles. These projectiles are typically metal, and may strike the structure at high speed, attempting to perforate the structure, and thereby inflicting damage to the occupants.
- the aim of an armor shield is to provide ballistic defeat of such projectiles or fragments.
- An armor panel has a front face, exposed to impacts and shocks, and a rear face. Upon impact on such armor panel, an armor piercing projectile can be completely stopped in the panel. However, some fragments may be violently ejected from the rear face of the panel, towards the vehicle interior.
- armor panels performances must comply with different requirements. Key requirements includes ballistic grade aluminum alloy should achieve a high combination of armor piercing (AP) resistance, fragment simulated particle (FSP) resistance, as well as spall resistance.
- AP armor piercing
- FSP fragment simulated particle
- AP resistance means achieving a predetermined armor piercing V50 ballistic limit using a piercing projectile, so called AP round. This characterizes the resistance to perforation.
- FSP resistance means achieving a predetermined V50 ballistic limit using another kind of projectile: FSP projectile, so-called FSP round, which is defined in M IL-DTL-46593B specification.
- FSP resistance characterizes the ability to withstand impacts that generate fragmented debris.
- V50 ballistic limit which has a speed dimension, is defined in MIL-STD-662F (1997) standard. The V50 ballistic limits shall be calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of an equal number of the highest partial and the lowest complete penetration impact velocities.
- V50 The specific V50 required at a given thickness, the amount of individual FSP tests to include in the calculation of a V50, and other material requirements can vary between different aluminum alloys.
- M IL-DTL-46027K enumerates the requirements for 5083, 5456, and 5059 aluminum alloys.
- Spall resistance as indicated within MIL-STD-662F (1997) means that, during ballistic tests conducted in accordance with this standard, no substantial detachment or delamination of a layer of material occurs in the area surrounding the location of the impact, either on the front or the rear surface of the armor.
- This pass-fail criterion for spalling and the related high-low impact velocity averaging used in a V50 evaluation facilitates the testing method but does not allow for further analysis into the amount of spall damage. Additionally such a testing method can require a sizable volume of metal which can hinder the ability to either rapidly prototype or sweep through a range of alloy chemistry, transformation routes, tempering options, etc... Consequently, in the present application, spall resistance is quantified using a spall resistance score.
- the combined targeted ballistic properties can be obtained through a multiple steps aging during the manufacturing process.
- a typical aging treatment is about 4 - 8 hours at about 110°C - 130°C, followed by about 12 - 20 hours at about 140°C - 160 °C.
- At least one dispersoid forming elements with a total content of dispersoid forming elements of at least 0.04 wt. %; the remainder substantially including aluminum, incidental elements, and impurities;
- the alloy product according to the invention can be prepared using a conventional melting process and by casting into an ingot form. During casting, the below described grain refiners may be added. After scalping and homogenizing at 460°C - 520 °C during 5 - 60 hours, the ingot is further hot worked, typically hot worked in several steps, to obtain a plate having a first thickness Tl. According to an embodiment, hot working is hot rolling or forging, and more preferably hot rolling.
- the cold worked plate having a second thickness T2 is then solution heat treated and quenched.
- the solution heat treatment is performed between 1 to 5 hours at 460°C - 480 °C and quenched typically to a temperature lower than 95°C.
- another cold working step is performed after SHT and quench to obtain a plate having a third thickness T3.
- This other cold working step can be a stretching. Said other cold working step gives rise to a plastic deformation for example up to 3%, typically between 1 and 3 %.
- the second thickness T2 is the final thickness of the armor component.
- the final thickness is the third thickness T3 of the plate obtained after the second cold working step and the final thickness of the armor component is lower than the second thickness T2.
- step g) includes at least a two step aging.
- this two-step aging includes :
- a second aging step of about 12-20 hours, and more preferably about 14-18 hours, at about 130°C to 180 °C and more preferably at about 145°C to 165 °C.
- aging is performed so that the total equivalent time at 150°C ranges between about 5h to about 50h, and more preferably from about lOh to about 40h.
- the total equivalent time t(eq) at 150°C is given by the expression :
- - t denotes the time, including heating and cooling steps ;
- Aging step is assumed to improve both AP and FSP resistance.
- the Zn content ranges between about 8.4 wt.% and about 10.5 wt.%, preferably between 8.5 wt.% and 9.5 wt.% and more preferably between 8.5 wt.% to 9 wt.% Trials have shown that such content resulted in the highest results in both AP and FSP ballistic tests and/or in an improvement of spall resistance score.
- the copper content ranges between about 1.2 wt.% and about 2 wt.%.
- Cu content lies between 1.5 wt.% and 1.9 wt.%.
- High AP and FSP resistances were obtained when copper and magnesium contents were approximately the same, i-e typically when 0.9 ⁇ Cu/Mg ⁇ 1.1.
- V50 (FSP 20mm) > 1633 T 2 - 1479 T + 1290 where T is the thickness plate (unit: inch) and the unit of V50 is feet/s;
- impurities mean elements that may be found in the alloy in minor amounts, but that are not intentionally added to the alloy. Those elements result from natural impurities in the individual alloy elements or from the manufacturing process.
- Fe and Si are the main impurities generally present in aluminum alloys.
- Fe content is preferably lower than 0.3 wt.%, and more preferably lower than 0.1 wt.%.
- Si content is preferably lower than 0.2 wt.%, and more preferably lower than 0.1 wt.%.
- incidental elements mean elements that may be optionally added to the alloy during the manufacturing process. Addition of such elements results from casting aids and deoxidizers. Titanium, Titanium boride (T1B2) or titanium carbide (TiC) are usual grain refiners. Deoxidizers may include Ca, Sr and Be. Preferably, the amount of the incidental elements Ca, Sr, Be, Br and C lies below 0.005 wt.%, that of Ti below 0.05 wt. %.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an armor component produced from a 7XXX series aluminum alloy consisting essentially of:
- At least one dispersoid forming elements with a total content of dispersoid forming elements of at least 0.04 wt. %;
- said 7xxx series aluminum alloy is cold worked with a thickness reduction from 0.5 to 15% (as defined previously, 0.5 ⁇ Xi ⁇ 15) before a solution heat treatment and is in the form of a plate having a final thickness of about 0.5 to about 3 inches so as to achieve an improved spall resistance compared to an armor component obtained with the same manufacturing process except that said manufacturing process does not comprise a cold working step before the solution heat treatment.
- Alloy plate products were made from alloys having the chemical compositions, in weight percent, shown in Table 1.
- each plate product ranges between 1.25 and 1.37 inches.
- samples A, B-l and B-2 were not submitted to cold working before SHT, whereas cold rolling before SHT was performed on samples B-3 and B-4, thereby reducing the thickness of the so called intermediate sample plate respectively by 2.9 % and 6.3 %.
- Samples B-3 and B-4 combine a low Zr content within a preferred range as well as a cold working step before solution heat treatment and quench.
- the fourth column of table 2 shows the spall resistance score. This score is determined by the following method. As shown on Figure 1, on the rear surface, surrounding the site of impact b, is an area of material which was visibly affected by the ballistic strike and the partial or complete penetration by the FSP round into the plate. The boundary of this affected area is indicated on Figure 1 with the dotted line a. Along with any possible exit hole of the FSP round, any material plug and area of any delaminated material is included within the deformed area. The area also includes bulged or fractured material, which is still connected to the test plate. Radiating perpendicular from the direction of impact (i.e. along the rear surface) a length c is measured which represents the longest distance from the site of impact to the edge or boundary of the deformed area.
- This maximum length c is than doubled and from the new value 20 mm is subtracted, which corresponds to the diameter of the FSP round. The remaining total is divided by 20 mm, so as to get a dimensionless parameter, so-called Spall Resistance Score.
- the spall resistance score is 0 when only a plug is formed, and no significant lateral material is affected by the impact. Higher scores represent multiples of the impacting round diameter. A better score is as low as possible.
- Plate products B-3 and B-4 exhibit a better spall resistance than Plate products B-l and B-2;
- Plate product B-4 exhibits a better spall resistance than Plate product B-3.
- Alloy plate products were made from alloys having the chemical compositions, in weight percent, shown in Table 3.
- Alloys C, D and E have a chemistry according to the invention. Plate products were made using the following process according to the invention:
- Plate products had different thicknesses varying from 1.0" to 1.6" and were tested for their ballistic properties.
- Two ballistic tests have been carried out pursuant to U.S. military standard MIL-STD-662F (1997), namely the armor piercing test using 0.3 inch (7.62 mm) projectiles and the FSP test using 20 mm fragment simulating projectiles.
- Plate products C, D and E have combined high AP and FSP performances.
- all the preceding plate products meet the minimum required ballistic limits defined in US Military specification MIL-DTL 32375 for alloy 7085.
- examples 1 and 2 combining cold working before SHT together with a low amount of Zr, namely Zr ⁇ 0.08 wt. %, seems to significantly improve the spall resistance score, while maintaining a high resistance with respect to both AP and FSP rounds.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16844967.6A EP3394305B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
US15/758,316 US20180258517A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
BR112018003521A BR112018003521A2 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with improved fragmentation resistance |
CA2997667A CA2997667C (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
KR1020187009538A KR102611753B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xx-based alloy parts for defense applications with improved explosion resistance |
FIEP16844967.6T FI3394305T3 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
PL16844967.6T PL3394305T3 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
IL257432A IL257432B2 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2018-02-08 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562215842P | 2015-09-09 | 2015-09-09 | |
US62/215,842 | 2015-09-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017044471A1 true WO2017044471A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
Family
ID=58239938
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2016/050523 WO2017044471A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2016-09-07 | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180258517A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3394305B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102611753B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112018003521A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2997667C (en) |
FI (1) | FI3394305T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL257432B2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3394305T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017044471A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10835942B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | Shape Corp. | Warm forming process and apparatus for transverse bending of an extruded aluminum beam to warm form a vehicle structural component |
WO2021003528A1 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | Deakin University | Aluminium alloys |
US11072844B2 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2021-07-27 | Shape Corp. | Multi-stage aluminum alloy forming and thermal processing method for the production of vehicle components |
WO2023002441A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-26 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | Armour component produced from a 7xxx-series aluminium alloy |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5480498A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-01-02 | Reynolds Metals Company | Method of making aluminum sheet product and product therefrom |
US20060174980A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-08-10 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | High-strength, high toughness Al-Zn alloy product and method for producing such product |
US8206517B1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2012-06-26 | Alcoa Inc. | Aluminum alloys having improved ballistics and armor protection performance |
EP2662467A1 (en) * | 2012-04-22 | 2013-11-13 | Kaiser Aluminum Fabricated Products, LLC | Ultra-thick high strength 7xxx series aluminum alloy products and methods of making such products |
US20140248177A1 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2014-09-04 | Alcoa Inc. | 6xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8608876B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2013-12-17 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | AA7000-series aluminum alloy products and a method of manufacturing thereof |
AU2008333796B2 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2013-08-22 | Arconic Inc. | Improved aluminum-copper-lithium alloys |
US20120138195A1 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Constellium Rolled Products Ravenswood, Llc | method for improved manufacturing of thick aluminium-copper rolled products |
MX2017007074A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2018-02-09 | Arconic Inc | Methods of continuously casting new 6xxx aluminum alloys, and products made from the same. |
-
2016
- 2016-09-07 CA CA2997667A patent/CA2997667C/en active Active
- 2016-09-07 WO PCT/US2016/050523 patent/WO2017044471A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-07 FI FIEP16844967.6T patent/FI3394305T3/en active
- 2016-09-07 PL PL16844967.6T patent/PL3394305T3/en unknown
- 2016-09-07 EP EP16844967.6A patent/EP3394305B1/en active Active
- 2016-09-07 KR KR1020187009538A patent/KR102611753B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-09-07 US US15/758,316 patent/US20180258517A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-07 BR BR112018003521A patent/BR112018003521A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2018
- 2018-02-08 IL IL257432A patent/IL257432B2/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5480498A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-01-02 | Reynolds Metals Company | Method of making aluminum sheet product and product therefrom |
US20060174980A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-08-10 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | High-strength, high toughness Al-Zn alloy product and method for producing such product |
US8206517B1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2012-06-26 | Alcoa Inc. | Aluminum alloys having improved ballistics and armor protection performance |
US20140248177A1 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2014-09-04 | Alcoa Inc. | 6xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same |
EP2662467A1 (en) * | 2012-04-22 | 2013-11-13 | Kaiser Aluminum Fabricated Products, LLC | Ultra-thick high strength 7xxx series aluminum alloy products and methods of making such products |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10835942B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | Shape Corp. | Warm forming process and apparatus for transverse bending of an extruded aluminum beam to warm form a vehicle structural component |
US11072844B2 (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2021-07-27 | Shape Corp. | Multi-stage aluminum alloy forming and thermal processing method for the production of vehicle components |
WO2021003528A1 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | Deakin University | Aluminium alloys |
WO2023002441A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-26 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | Armour component produced from a 7xxx-series aluminium alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180258517A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
FI3394305T3 (en) | 2023-06-16 |
KR102611753B1 (en) | 2023-12-07 |
IL257432B2 (en) | 2023-05-01 |
EP3394305A4 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
EP3394305A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
IL257432B1 (en) | 2023-01-01 |
BR112018003521A2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
IL257432A (en) | 2018-04-30 |
CA2997667A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
KR20180084036A (en) | 2018-07-24 |
EP3394305B1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
CA2997667C (en) | 2023-11-28 |
PL3394305T3 (en) | 2023-08-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2118327B9 (en) | Al-mg alloy product suitable for armour plate applications | |
EP3114245B1 (en) | A 7xxx alloy for defence applications with a balanced armor piercing-fragmentation performance | |
CA2997667C (en) | 7xxx alloy components for defense application with an improved spall resistance | |
KR101437243B1 (en) | Methods of aging aluminum alloys to achieve improved ballistics performance | |
RU2549030C2 (en) | Cheap alpha-beta titanium alloy with good ballistic and mechanical properties | |
US8747580B1 (en) | Aluminum alloys having improved ballistics and armor protection performance | |
KR20240012514A (en) | Armor elements manufactured from 7XXX-series aluminum alloy | |
Jena | Ballatic studies on aluminium 7017 alloy |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16844967 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 257432 Country of ref document: IL |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11201801306Y Country of ref document: SG |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2997667 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15758316 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112018003521 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20187009538 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020187009538 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2016844967 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112018003521 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20180223 |