WO2017042603A1 - Procédé permettant de déterminer la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids d'un polymère hydrosoluble de masse moléculaire élevée - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de déterminer la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids d'un polymère hydrosoluble de masse moléculaire élevée Download PDF

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WO2017042603A1
WO2017042603A1 PCT/IB2015/001893 IB2015001893W WO2017042603A1 WO 2017042603 A1 WO2017042603 A1 WO 2017042603A1 IB 2015001893 W IB2015001893 W IB 2015001893W WO 2017042603 A1 WO2017042603 A1 WO 2017042603A1
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polymer
molecular weight
exclusion chromatography
size exclusion
mobile phase
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PCT/IB2015/001893
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English (en)
Inventor
Stéphane JOUENNE
Matthieu LORIAU
Bruno Grassl
Nathalie ANDREU
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Total Sa
Universite De Pau Et Des Pays De L'adour
Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique - Cnrs -
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Priority to PCT/IB2015/001893 priority Critical patent/WO2017042603A1/fr
Publication of WO2017042603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017042603A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
    • B01D15/34—Size selective separation, e.g. size exclusion chromatography, gel filtration, permeation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/588—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
    • G01N30/78—Detectors specially adapted therefor using more than one detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
    • B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
    • B01D15/1864—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns
    • B01D15/1871—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns placed in series
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
    • G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
    • G01N2030/884—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds
    • G01N2030/885—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds involving polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
    • G01N30/74—Optical detectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an analytical method, in particular to a method for determining the weight- average molecular weight (M w ) of a water-soluble high molecular weight polymer.
  • EOR enhanced oil recovery
  • Water-flooding is the oldest method used to increase oil recovery.
  • water-flooding water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir and to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir and push it towards a production well.
  • water exhibits almost always a mobility (ratio between specific resistance to flow and fluid viscosity) higher that the oil phase. Therefore, water has a tendency to get into the paths of least resistance offered by the reservoir instead of pushing the oil phase.
  • a viscosity-enhancing high-molecular-weight polymer is added to the water to decrease the mobility ratio between water and oil, and in turn to improve macroscopic sweep efficiency.
  • the primary purpose of adding polymer is to increase the viscosity of the pushing water.
  • Acrylamide polymers are the most widely used synthetic polymers for application in polymer flooding. This is due in part because of cost and availability issues and because of their favorable chemical robustness and biological stability.
  • Polyacrylamide (PAM) is the simplest and most basic form of acrylamide polymers. Because pure polyacrylamide is neutral (not charged), it will adsorb by hydrogen bonding on negatively charged rock surfaces such as sands and sandstone pore surfaces. For these reasons, copolymers of acrylamide and sodium acrylate (called partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, HP AM) are more often favored for use in polymer flooding. This polymer is negatively charged.
  • the choice of the polymer depends on many parameters such as the reservoir characteristics (temperature, salinity, rock permeability, formation heterogeneity, maximum allowable injection pressure), the composition and properties of the oil contained in the reservoir. When all other factors are equal (such as polymer type and the brine solution into which the polymer is dissolved), as the molecular weight of the polymer increases, the polymer's viscosity enhancing ability increases when dissolved in a given brine.
  • polymers used in polymer waterflooding are polydispersed in molecular weight
  • polymer molecular weight distribution is an important factor relating to how a given polymer will function during a polymer flood.
  • good molecular weight distribution of such high molecular weight polymers data are not readily and widely available for the polymers that are normally used in polymer flooding, because the determination of a polymer's molecular weight distribution is relatively expensive and time consuming.
  • the characterization of the molecular weight averages and size distribution of a polydispersed polymer is generally accomplished using a Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) column coupled with a molecular weight sensitive detector, such as a light scattering photometer, in particular a Multi Angle Light Scattering (MALS) detector.
  • SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
  • MALS Multi Angle Light Scattering
  • SEC separates molecules based on their size by filtration through a gel.
  • the gel consists of spherical beads containing pores of a specific size distribution. Separation occurs when molecules of different sizes are included or excluded from the pores within the matrix. Small molecules diffuse into the pores and their flow through the column is retarded according to their size, while large molecules do not enter the pores and are eluted in the column's void volume. Consequently, molecules separate based on their size as they pass through the column and are eluted in order of decreasing molecular weight.
  • MALS allows the determination of the concentration of the polymer at any time, which is needed for calculating the molar mass of the polymer.
  • MALS allows the determination of the absolute molar mass and the average size of particles in solution by detecting how they scatter light.
  • multi angle refers to the detection of scattered light at different discrete angles as measured by a single detector moved over a range of particular angles or by an array of detectors fixed at specific angular locations. MALS measurements work by calculating the amount of scattered light at each angle detected.
  • This process overcomes the problems associated with low angle detectors (typically there is around ten times the noise at an angle of 11° or below compared to 90°) and allows a reliable and accurate measure of the light scattered.
  • the amount of light scattered is then related to the molar mass.
  • a SEC column coupled to a MALS detector and a Differential Refractive Index detector allows the determination of the weight-average molecular weight of a polydispersed polymer.
  • Elongational flow occurs each time the fluid experiences an acceleration, for example, during the passage through a contraction or through the succession of contractions enlargements of a porous medium.
  • polymer is subjected to elongation in the porous material of the chromatography column, pre-column filters or frits or in the upstream or downstream tubings and fittings.
  • high molecular weight polymer chains can be degraded during the analysis.
  • the object of the present invention is a method for determining the weight- average molecular weight of a water-soluble high molecular weight polymer, said method comprising the following steps:
  • the flow rate of said mobile phase is lower than 0.20 mL/min, in particular is from 0.05 mL/min to 0.20 mL/min, more particularly from 0.10 mL/min to 0.15 mL/min.
  • the Size Exclusion Chromatography column is further connected to a Differential Refractometer.
  • the polymer has a weight- average molecular weight higher than 10 6 g/mol, in particular higher than 5.10 6 g/mol, in particular higher than 7.5.10 6 , more particularly higher than 10.10 6 g/mol.
  • the polymer is a polyacrylamide or a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, a polyoxyethylene, a poly(styrenesulfonic acid), a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonate, or of acrylic acid, acrylamide and acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonate and N-vinylpyrrolidone or of acrylamide, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonate and N-vinylpyrrolidone.
  • the mobile phase of the Size Exclusion Chromatography column contains a buffering agent leading to a pH higher than 6, in particular a pH of 8.
  • the buffering agent is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)- 1,3 -propanediol or N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine.
  • the salinity of the mobile phase is from 18 g/L to 26 g/L.
  • the Size Exclusion Chromatography column is packed with particles having a size above 30 ⁇ . In one particular embodiment, the Size Exclusion Chromatography column is packed with a bed of spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 35 ⁇ diameter, with dimensions of 8.0 x 300 mm.
  • the Size Exclusion Chromatography column is composed of a set of two Size Exclusion Chromatography columns connected in series, the first column being packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 13 ⁇ and the second column being packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 35 ⁇ , each bed having a dimension of 8.0 x 300 mm.
  • Figure 1 shows the variation of the area of the pic of the MALS signal with respect to the flow rate of the polymer.
  • Figure 2 shows the variation of molar mass of the polymer with a polymer flow rate of 0.1 mL/min.
  • Figure 3 shows the variation of molar mass of the polymer with a polymer flow rate of 0.15 mL/min.
  • Figure 4 shows the variation of molar mass of the polymer with a polymer flow rate of 0.25 mL/min.
  • Figure 5 shows the variation of molar mass of the polymer with a polymer flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.
  • Figure 6 shows the variation of molar mass of Polyacrylamide (PAM) with a polymer flow rate of 0.1 mL/min.
  • the method of the invention is used for determining the weight- average molecular weight and the associated molecular weight distribution of a water-soluble high molecular weight polymer. It can be applied to any water-soluble high molecular weight polymer susceptible to mechanical degradation during SEC analysis, in particular synthetic flexible polymers (i.e. very long molecules sparsely branched and un-crosslinked)).
  • Mechanical degradation refers to the chemical process in which the activation energy of polymer chain scission is supplied by the mechanical action on the polymer chain and bond rupture occurs, thereby leading to shorter polymer chains. Longer molecules are more susceptible to mechanical degradation, accompanying more rapid degradation.
  • high-molecular weight polymers are polymers having a weight- average molecular weight equal to or higher than 10 s g/mol.
  • the polymer may have a weight- average molecular weight higher than 10 6 g/mol, in particular higher than 5.10 6 g/mol, in particular higher than 7.5.10 6 , more particularly higher than 10.10 5 g/mol.
  • the weight- average molecular weight M w takes into account the molecular weight of a chain in determining contributions to the molecular weight average.
  • M w can be determined by using a MALS and DRI detectors, as described below.
  • the polymer may be a monodisperse polymer or a polydisperse polymer.
  • high-molecular weight polymers are chosen among water-soluble polymers, i.e. polymers which are able to dissolve completely in water.
  • the method of the invention applies in particular to high-molecular weight polymers used in EOR, in particular in waterflooding or conformance treatments, but also to polymers used in other fields, such as textile, pharmaceutical, automotive, etc.
  • Synthetic polymers include polyacrylamide (PAM) or partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), polyoxyethylene, poly(styrenesulfonic acid), copolymers of acrylamide and acrylamidomethylpropane-isulfonate, or of acrylic acid, acrylamide and acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonate and N-vinylpyrrolidone or of acrylamide, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonate and N vinylpyrrolidonea, etc.
  • PAM polyacrylamide
  • HPAM partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
  • the method of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the flow rate of said mobile phase is lower than 0.20 mL/min, in particular is from 0.05 mL/min to 0.20 mL/min (the value 0.20 mL/min being excluded), more particularly from 0.10 mL/min to 0.15 mL/min.
  • the Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) column is able to separate the polymer molecules based on their size by filtration through a gel.
  • the gel consists of spherical beads containing pores of a specific size distribution.
  • the size of the spherical beads is from 13 ⁇ to 35 ⁇ .
  • the Size Exclusion Chromatography column is packed with a bed of spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 35 ⁇ , with dimensions of 8.0 x 300 mm (maximum pore size 3 ⁇ ).
  • the method is performed with a set of two Size Exclusion Chromatography columns connected in series.
  • the first column (considering the direction of flow) is packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 13 ⁇ .
  • the second column is packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 35 ⁇ .
  • Each column has a dimension of 8.0 x 300 mm (maximum pore size 3 ⁇ ).
  • the SEC column is connected to a Multi Angle Light Scattering (MALS) detector in order to measure the weight- average molecular weight of the polymer.
  • MALS Multi Angle Light Scattering
  • the MALS detector is provided with a data acquisition software for collection and treatment of the data.
  • a 8 x 300 mm SEC column OHpak SB-807 HQ (particle size: 35 ⁇ , pore size: max 3 ⁇ ) marketed by SHODEX may be used.
  • the Size Exclusion Chromatography column is connected to a Differential Refractometer to determine the concentration needed to calculate the weight molecular mass.
  • the polymer sample is injected into the SEC column at a suitable concentration into the mobile phase, typically from 0.01 to 0.02 g/L (the concentration can be measured by Taylor's dosage).
  • the mobile phase of the Size Exclusion Chromatography column contains a buffering agent in order to prevent precipitation of divalent cations that may be present in the polymer solution.
  • the buffer is preferably chosen among buffers leading to a pH higher than 6, in particular a pH of 8.
  • the buffering agent may be, disodium phosphate or 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l- piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol (TRIS) or N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (BICINE).
  • HEPES is particularly advantageous for samples of PAM or HP AM containing a few amounts of calcium (Ca 2+ ). This buffer does not cause precipitation of phosphate calcium in the chromatographic system, contrary to a phosphate buffer.
  • the salinity of the mobile phase is from 18 g/L to 26 g/L in order to lock the polymer into a coil conformation.
  • the method of the invention allows accurate determination of the weight-average molecular weight of a water-soluble high molecular weight polymer with minimum degradation of the polymer, in a fast and reproducible way. For instance, a complete analysis can be run in 400 min.
  • the method of the invention also allows the determination of the distribution curve of the molar mass of a polymer, the polydispersity index (Ip), the concentration of polymer in a sample, as well as the average size of said polymer.
  • the method of the invention is particularly useful for EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). Indeed, the reported Mw of a commercial high molecular weight polymer is based on its intrinsic viscosity and can differ significantly from the real Mw of the polymer.
  • the method of the invention is thus particularly useful for determining the real Mw of the polymer and in turn, adjusting the optimal operating conditions of polymer flooding in EOR.
  • the method according to the invention is also particularly useful for monitoring the degradation of the polymer in polymer flooding by checking the Mw of a polymer in produced waters and comparing the value with the one of the injected polymer. Checking the Mw of a polymer in produced waters can be also used for adjusting the operating conditions of the water treatment of the produced waters.
  • a sample of injection water containing the polymer or a sample of produced water can be analyzed by direct injection of the sample into the mobile phase of the Size Exclusion Chromatography column.
  • Example 1 Demonstration that below 0.20 mL/min, the degradation of HP AM does decrease until a level not detectable, as the flow rate decreases.
  • Polymer sample HP AM.
  • the analytical set-up comprises in the direction of flow:
  • a filter (0.1 ⁇ ) for retaining the impurities contained in the mobile phase ;
  • a pre-SEC column (packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 35 ⁇ , the bed having a dimension of 8.0 x 300 mm) for retaining the impurities contained in the sample to be analyzed ;
  • a first SEC column (packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 13 ⁇ , the bed having a dimension of 8.0 x 300 mm) ;
  • a second SEC column (packed with a bed of Spheres of polyhydroxymethacrylate of 35 ⁇ , the bed having a dimension of 8.0 x 300 mm) ;
  • Polymer sample solutions were injected through the chromatographic system without any SEC- or pre-SEC columns (so as to evidence the degradation only caused by the analytical set-up between the injector and the detection cell of the Multi Angle Light Scattering detector) with increasing flow rates: 0.10 mL/min, 0.20 mL/min, 0.30 mL/min and 0.50 mL/min.
  • the intensity of the peak MALS strongly decreases with the flow rate of the polymer from a flow rate of 0.20 mL/min. This means that the molar mass of the sample decreases from flow rate of 0.20 mL/min and therefore that a degradation of the polymer in this apparatus occurs from a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.
  • the flow rate should be less than 0.2 mL/min in order to avoid mechanical degradation of a high molecular weight polymer.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of commercial polymers was determined by using the analytical set-up described in Example 1.
  • Figure 5 shows the variation of molar mass of Polyacrylamide (PAM) with a polymer flow rate of 0.10 mL/min.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de déterminer la masse moléculaire moyen en poids d'un polymère hydrosoluble de masse moléculaire élevée, ledit procédé consistant à : a) fournir une colonne de chromatographie d'exclusion stérique reliée à un détecteur de diffusion de la lumière multi-angle et à un détecteur d'indice de réfraction différentiel ; b) fournir de l'eau en tant que phase mobile de ladite colonne de chromatographie d'exclusion stérique ; c) injecter ledit polymère dans ladite phase mobile de ladite colonne de chromatographie d'exclusion stérique ; d) mesurer la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids dudit polymère à l'aide du détecteur de diffusion de lumière multi-angle et du détecteur d'indice de réfraction différentiel. Le débit de ladite phase mobile est inférieur à 0,20 mL/min, en particulier est de 0,05 mL/min à 0,20 mL/min, plus particulièrement de 0,10 mL/min à 0,15 mL/min.
PCT/IB2015/001893 2015-09-07 2015-09-07 Procédé permettant de déterminer la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids d'un polymère hydrosoluble de masse moléculaire élevée WO2017042603A1 (fr)

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CN111579660A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-25 药源生物科技（启东）有限公司 一种测定聚乙二醇4000及其散剂平均分子量及分布系数的检测方法
WO2020176989A1 (fr) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-10 Arc Medical Devices Inc. Procédé de prédiction d'une distribution de poids moléculaire d'un mélange de biopolymères
CN113252603A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-13 清华大学 一种多层透明球床的最优折射率测量方法
US11628183B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2023-04-18 ARC Medical Ine. Highly purified fucans for the treatment of fibrous adhesions

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2688594C1 (ru) * 2017-12-29 2019-05-21 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики" (Университет ИТМО) Хроматографический способ разделения компонентов смеси в растворе
US11628183B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2023-04-18 ARC Medical Ine. Highly purified fucans for the treatment of fibrous adhesions
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JP7227346B2 (ja) 2019-03-05 2023-02-21 エーアールシー メディカル デバイス，インク． 生体ポリマー混合物の分子量分布を予測する方法
CN111579660A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-25 药源生物科技（启东）有限公司 一种测定聚乙二醇4000及其散剂平均分子量及分布系数的检测方法
CN113252603A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-13 清华大学 一种多层透明球床的最优折射率测量方法
CN113252603B (zh) * 2021-04-16 2022-03-01 清华大学 一种多层透明球床的最优折射率测量方法

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