WO2017042516A1 - Stator of a rotary electric machine with optimised slot openings - Google Patents

Stator of a rotary electric machine with optimised slot openings Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017042516A1
WO2017042516A1 PCT/FR2016/052280 FR2016052280W WO2017042516A1 WO 2017042516 A1 WO2017042516 A1 WO 2017042516A1 FR 2016052280 W FR2016052280 W FR 2016052280W WO 2017042516 A1 WO2017042516 A1 WO 2017042516A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
machine according
rotor
tooth
teeth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/052280
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Benoit WALME
Mamy Rakotovao
Rafal PISAREK
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Publication of WO2017042516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017042516A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotating electric machine stator with optimized slot openings.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application with electric motor vehicle compressors.
  • the rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft.
  • the rotor may be integral with a driving shaft and / or driven and may belong to a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor, or a reversible machine that can operate in both modes.
  • the rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of sheets of sheet metal held in pack form by means of a suitable fastening system.
  • the rotor has poles formed by permanent magnets housed in cavities in the rotor body.
  • the stator is mounted in a housing configured to rotate the shaft for example by means of bearings.
  • the stator comprises a body consisting of a stack of thin sheets forming a crown-shaped yoke whose inner face is provided with notches open towards the inside to receive phase windings.
  • the windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire coated with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together by welding.
  • the phase windings are constituted by closed coils on themselves which are wound around the stator teeth. These windings are polyphase windings connected in star or delta whose outputs are connected to a control electronics.
  • Rotating electrical machines are known that are coupled to a shaft of an electric compressor.
  • This electric compressor makes it possible to compensate at least in part for the power loss of the heat engines of reduced capacity used on many motor vehicles to reduce the consumption and emissions of particulate pollutants (so-called principle of "downsizing" in English).
  • the electric compressor comprises a turbine disposed on the inlet duct upstream or downstream of the heat engine to allow compression of air to optimize the filling of the cylinders of the engine.
  • the electric machine is activated to drive the turbine in order to minimize the torque response time, in particular during the transient phases during acceleration, or in the automatic restart phase of the engine after a standby ("stop and start" operation in English).
  • the present invention aims in particular to remedy this difficulty by proposing a rotary electric machine, in particular for an electric compressor for a motor vehicle, the machine comprising a stator, said stator comprising a body having:
  • a plurality of notches each defined by two adjacent teeth characterized in that a ratio between a smaller notch opening measured between two adjacent tooth legs, and an external diameter of said stator is between 5% and 25%; %, especially between 5% and 15%, for example between 5% and 9%.
  • the face of the tooth root turned towards the axis of the stator extends along a portion of the cylinder.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to optimize the magnetic performance of the electric machine while facilitating the insertion of the winding needle into the notches to form the coils around the stator teeth in the context of a winding of concentric type.
  • the machine has a gap of constant width.
  • said stator comprises a stack of sheets stacked one on top of the other.
  • said teeth come from material with said cylinder head.
  • a radial length of each tooth is between 5mm and 15mm.
  • a thickness of said yoke is between 2mm and 5mm.
  • said stator comprises a coil comprising a plurality of coils, each coil being formed by a wire wound around a tooth.
  • a ratio between a diameter of a conductive portion of said wire and an internal diameter of said stator is between 5 and 10%, especially between 5 and 7%, for example between 5.2% and 6.3%. .
  • the invention thus makes it possible to obtain an optimal compromise between the inertia of the electric machine and the filling rate of the notches of the stator.
  • said diameter of said conductive portion of said wire is between 1 mm and 2 mm.
  • a ratio between a diameter of a conductive portion of said unglazed wire, expressed in mm, and a number of turns of each coil is between 5% and 25%, especially between 10% and 20%.
  • each coil is formed by a number of turns between 5 and 20.
  • each coil is formed by nine or eighteen turns.
  • said stator comprises a stack of sheets stacked one on top of the other.
  • At least one sheet has on its surface a stud intended to cooperate with a hollow of an adjacent sheet, a ratio between a larger diameter of said pad and an outer diameter of said stator being between 5% and 15% , especially between 2% and 10%.
  • a ratio makes it possible not to disturb the magnetic flux at the stator while guaranteeing a good mechanical strength of the sheet package of such a type of stator of reduced dimensions.
  • said stator body comprising at least one through-fixing hole opening on the side of each axial end face of said stator body, a ratio between a first distance between an axis of said stator and an axis of said fixing hole and half of an outer diameter of said stator is between 80% and 97%, especially between 85% and 95%. This makes it possible to obtain an optimum between a good mechanical strength and the magnetic performance of the electrical machine in which the stator is mounted.
  • said teeth come from material with said cylinder head.
  • said stator comprises an insulator overmolded at least on inner faces of notches each delimited by two successive teeth.
  • said machine comprises a rotor provided with buried permanent magnets for example four in number.
  • the rotor comprises a rotor body.
  • said rotor body has an outer periphery delimited by a cylindrical face.
  • the rotor comprises a plurality of cavities in each of which is housed at least one permanent magnet.
  • the rotor comprises a plurality of magnetic poles, each pole having a single cavity.
  • the magnets are radially magnetized.
  • the magnets extend generally in an orthoradial direction.
  • said rotor body has an outer periphery delimited by a cylindrical face of external diameter between 20 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 24 mm and 34 mm, and preferably of the order of 28 mm.
  • said machine has a response time of between 100 ms and 600 ms, in particular between 200 ms and 400 ms, for example being of the order of 250 ms to go from 0 or 5000 to 70,000 revolutions / min.
  • plating elements are interposed between the rotor body and each permanent magnet.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of an electric compressor comprising a rotary electric machine according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the stator of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the single stator of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the stator according to the invention provided with turns for the formation of a coil portion occupying a half-notch;
  • Fig. 5 shows a partial sectional view illustrating the configuration of a stator tooth according to the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view of a wire used for producing a coil belonging to the stator winding according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows an evolution of the filling ratio (01) in percentages as well as the inverse of the inertia of the machine (02) as a function of the ratio between the diameter of a conductive portion of the winding wire and the internal diameter stator;
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view illustrating an interlocking between the sheet metal sheets of the stator in the case of a button assembly
  • Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric compressor 1, comprising a turbine 2 equipped with fins 3 able to suck, via an inlet 4, uncompressed air coming from an air source (not represented) and to repress the compressed air via the outlet 5 after passing through a volute referenced 6.
  • the output 5 may be connected to an intake manifold (not shown) located upstream of the engine to optimize the filling of the cylinders of the engine.
  • the suction of the air is performed in an axial direction, that is to say along the axis X1 of the turbine 2, and the discharge is carried out in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis X1 of the turbine 2.
  • the suction is radial while the discharge is axial.
  • the suction and the discharge are made in the same direction relative to the axis of the turbine (axial or radial).
  • the turbine 2 is driven by an electric machine 7 mounted inside the housing 8.
  • This electric machine 7 comprises a stator 9, which may be polyphase, surrounding a rotor 10 with the presence of a gap 1 1.
  • This stator 9 is mounted in the housing 8 configured to rotate a shaft 12 by means of bearings 13.
  • the shaft 12 is rotatably connected. with the turbine 2 as well as with the rotor 10.
  • the stator 9 is preferably mounted in the housing 8 by hooping.
  • the electric machine 7 has a short response time of between 100 ms and 600 ms, in particular between 200 ms and 400 ms. , for example being of the order of 250ms to go from 0 or 5000 to 70000 revolutions / min.
  • the operating voltage is 12V.
  • the electric machine 7 is able to provide a current peak, that is to say a current delivered over a continuous period of less than 3 seconds, between 150 A and 300 A, in particular between 180 A and 250 A .
  • the electric machine 7 is able to operate in alternator mode, or is a reversible type electric machine.
  • the stator 9 comprises a body 16 and a coil 17.
  • the stator body 16 has an annular cylindrical shape of axis X and consists of an axial stack of flat sheets. More precisely, the stator body 16 is delimited radially by an inner cylindrical face 21 and by an outer cylindrical face 22. The body 16 is moreover defined axially by end faces 23 and 24.
  • the body 16 has teeth 27 distributed angularly in a regular manner on an inner circumference of a yoke 28. These teeth 27 delimit notches 29, so that each notch 29 is delimited by two successive teeth 27.
  • the yoke 28 thus corresponds to the solid outer annular portion of the body 16 which extends between the bottom of the notches 29 and the outer periphery of the stator 9.
  • the notches 29 open axially into the axial end faces 23, 24 of the body 16
  • the notches 29 are also radially open in the internal cylindrical face of the body 16.
  • the teeth 27 of the stator 9 are preferably with parallel edges, so that the inner faces facing each other of the notches 29 are inclined. one with respect to the other.
  • the notches 29 are angularly distributed regularly around the X axis.
  • the stator 9 is provided with tooth roots 34 on the free end side of the teeth 27 (see FIG. Each tooth root 34 extends circumferentially on either side of a corresponding tooth 27.
  • the stator 9 is an unsegmented piece made of laminated sheets of magnetic material.
  • the teeth 27 are made of material with the yoke 28.
  • the stator 9 may however be segmented, that is to say that it is made from several angular segments assembled together.
  • the cylinder head 28 radially has a continuity of material along its circumference and radially throughout its thickness.
  • the teeth 27 may be reported relative to the yoke 28 and fixed to the inner periphery of the yoke by a tenon-mortise type system.
  • a ratio between a radial thickness L1 of the gap 1 1 and an external diameter L 2 of the stator 9 is between 0.1% and 2%, especially between 0.2% and 1%.
  • This ratio makes it possible to maximize the torque developed by this type of machine provided with a stator 9 of small dimensions.
  • the gap 1 1 is chosen according to a thickness L13 of permanent magnets 62 of the rotor 10 (see FIG.
  • a second ratio between a thickness of the gap 1 1 and a thickness of magnets L13 is between 0.9 and 0.15.
  • a ratio between a thickness L3 of the yoke 28 measured radially and an internal diameter L4 of the stator 9 measured between two teeth 27 diametrically opposed is between 10% and 20%, especially between 12% and 15%, and is preferably about 13%.
  • a ratio between the internal diameter L4 and an external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 40% and 60%, and is preferably of the order of 51.5%. This optimizes the coil space of the notches 29 and the inertia of the rotor 10.
  • the stator body 16 is preferably formed by an axial stack of sheet metal sheets 37 each extending in a radial plane perpendicular to the axis X. This stator body 16 is formed in ferromagnetic material.
  • the sheets 37 are held by fixing means 41 for forming a manipulable and transportable assembly.
  • a plurality of fixing holes 40 are made in the stator body 16 to allow each passage of a fastening means 41 of the sheets of the stator body 16.
  • the fixing holes 40 are preferably through, that is to say that they open axially on each of the axial ends 23, 24 of the stator body 16, so that it is possible to pass inside each fixing hole 40 a rod 41 provided with a head or not 42 at one of its ends and whose other end or both will be (are) deformed (s) for example by a method of pegging to ensure the axial retention of the package of sheets.
  • a ratio between a distance L5 between the axis X of the stator 9 and a Z axis of a fixing hole 40 (see FIG. 3) and half of the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 80% and 97%. %, especially between 85% and 95%.
  • each fixing hole 40 is included in a plane of symmetry P d. a corresponding tooth 27.
  • the Z axes of the fixing holes 40 are also preferably positioned on the same circle C (see FIG.
  • the stator 9 has a number of fixing holes 40 between three and the number of teeth 27, here equal to six.
  • the fixing holes 40 pass through the yoke 28, in particular by passing only the yoke 28, that is to say without encroaching on the corresponding tooth 27.
  • a ratio between the maximum diameter L6 of each fixing hole 40 and the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 2% and 10%.
  • the rod 41 has no head 42 and the two ends are then deformed by a method of pegging.
  • the fixing holes 40 may have a section of square, rectangular shape, or any other shape adapted to the passage of the fixing means 41.
  • the sheets may be held together by buttoning, or bonding, or laser welding.
  • each sheet 37 has on its surface a stud 45 intended to cooperate with a recess 46 of an adjacent sheet. The last leaf is pierced.
  • a ratio between the largest diameter L7 of the stud 45 and an external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 5% and 15%, especially between 2% and 10%. Such a ratio allows a good mechanical strength of the sheet package of such a stator type 9 of reduced dimensions, while limiting the magnetic disturbances related to the presence of the pads 45. In addition, such a ratio makes it easier to manufacture the sheets 37 while ensuring a precise positioning of a sheet 37 relative to the other.
  • Each sheet of sheet 37 has at least one face directly in contact with a single face of another sheet 37.
  • the number of pads 45 per sheet 37 is between 2 and the number of teeth of the stator 9.
  • the pads 45 are arranged on a first face and the recesses 46 are arranged on a second face opposite to the first face.
  • each recess 46 is axially aligned with a stud 45 corresponding to an axis referenced A1 in Figure 8.
  • the pads 45 on the sheet are positioned in the middle of each tooth 27, and on the same diameter for example of the order of 47mm.
  • the yoke 28 is solid and radially has a continuity of material along its circumference and radially throughout its thickness.
  • FIG. 7 shows a change in the filling ratio (curve C1) as well as the inverse of the inertia of the machine (curve C2) as a function of the ratio between the diameter L8 of a conductive portion of said wire 51 and the internal diameter L4 of the stator 9.
  • the ratio is between 5 and 10%, especially between 5 and 7%, for example between 5.2% and 6.3%.
  • the ratio is substantially equal to 5.4%, which corresponds to the intersection between the two curves C1 and C2.
  • the diameter L8 of the conductive portion of the wire 51 is of the order of 1 .5 mm in the case where the stator comprises 9 turns. With the enamel layer, the wire diameter is 1.602mm. Alternatively, the diameter L8 of the conductive portion of the wire 51 is of the order of 1 .06mm in the case where the stator has 18 turns.
  • the choice of the diameter of the wire 51 is an important choice to ensure the feasibility of a concentric winding type. Furthermore, the choice of the stator inner diameter L4 is guided by the minimization of the inertia (or the maximization of 1 / inertia which is optimal when this ratio is close to 1), as well as by the feasibility of the winding. Indeed, the greater the inner diameter of the stator 9 increases, the greater the outer rotor diameter increases, the more the inertia increases.
  • the stator can thus have a slot filling rate of the order of:
  • a ratio between a smaller slot opening L9 measured between two adjacent tooth legs 34 (see FIG. 4), and the external diameter L 2 of the stator 9 is between 5% and 25%, in particular between 5% and 15%. This facilitates insertion of the winding needle into the notch 29.
  • each tooth 27 the number of turns 54 located on the side of the yoke 28 is greater than or equal to the number of turns 54 located on the X axis side of the stator 9. It is recalled here that a turn 54 corresponds to a turn of the wire around the tooth 27.
  • the portion of the coil 50 filling the notch 29 is formed for example of three layers of turns 54. In each layer, the turns 54 are positioned side by side .
  • Each coil 50 is preferably formed by nine or eighteen turns 54.
  • the winding 17 is of the three-phase type, each phase being in particular made by two diametrically opposed coils 50.
  • the diametrically opposed coils 50 are electrically connected in pairs in parallel.
  • the phases each formed by two coils 50 in parallel are preferably connected in a triangle.
  • This type of winding minimizes the number of connections to be made.
  • the choice of the number of wire and the coupling of the coils 50 is very restrictive, since at a turn 54 it can become impossible to achieve the required performance especially in terms of acceleration of the machine.
  • the coupling could be made in a triangle, coils in series, or star with coils either in series or in parallel.
  • the ratio is of the order of 16.7%.
  • the protection between the sheet package 16 and the winding wire 51 is provided by an overmoulded insulator 57 on the inner faces of the notches 29.
  • the overmoulded insulator 57 has been shown only on a portion of the stator body 13.
  • the face of the tooth root 34 turned towards the X axis of the stator 9, that is to say the face of the tooth root 34 in contact with the gap 1 1 extending along a portion of the cylinder, is devoid of insulator 57. This avoids disturbing the passage of the flow in the gap 1 1.
  • the overmolded insulation 57 covers the axial end faces of the teeth 27, and / or the axial end faces of the bolt 28. Otherwise said, the overmolded insulation 57 may also cover the axial end faces 23, 24 of the stator body 16.
  • the gap L1 is of the order of 0.3mm.
  • the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 40 mm and 60 mm, and is preferably 52 mm.
  • the internal diameter L4 of the stator 9 is between 15mm and 35mm, in particular between 20mm and 30mm, for example of the order of 26.8mm.
  • the wire 51 comprises a conductive portion 52 of diameter L8 between 1 mm and 2 mm and is preferably 1 .5 mm as indicated above; while each coil 50 has a number of turns 54 between 5 and 20, in particular equal to 9.
  • the thickness L3 of the yoke 28 may advantageously be between 2mm and 5mm, and is preferably 3.5mm.
  • a radial length L10 of each tooth 27 is between 5mm and 15mm.
  • the smallest notch opening L9 measured between two adjacent tooth roots 34 is of the order of 4 mm.
  • the fixing holes 40 may have a diameter L6 of between 0.6 mm and 3 mm, and being for example 3 mm; while the distance L5 between the axis X of the stator 9 and a center of a fixing hole 40 is of the order of 47mm.
  • the rotational axis rotor Y shown in detail in FIGS. 9 and 10 is permanent magnets.
  • the rotor body 60 comprises a sheet package consisting of an axial stack of sheets.
  • the rotor body 60 can be rotatably connected to the shaft 12 in various ways, for example by force-fitting the splined shaft 12 into the central opening 65 of the rotor 10, or by means of a keyed device.
  • the ratio between the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 and an axial length L1 1 of the rotor 10 is between 3 and 4, and is preferably 3.25.
  • This ratio makes it possible to reduce the inertia of the rotor 10 and therefore to reduce the time required to reach a high rotational speed corresponding, for example, to an operating speed of an electric compressor.
  • the ratio between the external diameter L12 of the rotor 10 and the length L1 1 of the rotor 10 is between 1 .1 and 1 .8, and is for example about 1 .6.
  • the rotor 10 has, for example, an axial length L1 1 of between 10 mm and 20 mm and is preferably 16 mm, an external diameter L 12 of between 20 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 24 mm and 34 mm, and preferably of the order of 26mm, and an internal diameter L13 of the order of 10mm.
  • the rotor 10 of the buried magnet type 62 comprises a plurality of cavities 61 in each of which is housed at least one permanent magnet 62.
  • the magnets 62 are radially magnetized, that is to say that the two parallel faces 63, 64 each other having an orthoradial orientation are magnetized so as to be able to generate a magnetic flux in a radial orientation with respect to the Y axis.
  • the magnets 62 located in two consecutive cavities 61 are of alternating polarity.
  • the permanent magnets 62 have a rectangular parallelepiped shape whose angles are slightly beveled.
  • the inner and outer faces 63, 64 of each magnet 62 are in this case planar.
  • the outer face 64 of each magnet 62 is curved, while the inner face 63 of the magnet 62 is flat, or vice versa.
  • the two faces 63, 64 are bent in the same direction, so that each magnet 62 generally has a tile shape.
  • the magnets 62 do not completely fill the cavities 61, so that there are two voids 67 on either side of a given magnet 62 in a orthoradial direction.
  • the volume of air delimited by all the spaces 67 of the rotor makes it possible to reduce the inertia of the rotor 10 and to optimize the magnetic flux.
  • the magnets 62 are preferably made of rare earth in order to maximize the magnetic power of the machine 7. Alternatively, however, they can be made of ferrite according to the applications and the desired power of the 7. Alternatively, the magnets 62 may be of different shades to reduce costs.
  • plating elements 70 are interposed between the rotor body 60 and each magnet 62, to ensure the maintenance of each permanent magnet 62 inside the corresponding cavity 61.
  • the plating elements 70 are positioned on the side of the Y axis of the rotor 10. In a variant, the plating elements 70 could be positioned on the side of the gap 1 1 of the electric machine.
  • Each plating element 70 is constituted by an elastically deformable curved spring blade.
  • the plating member 70 is constituted by a pin, a spiral spring, or a spring mounted compressed by crushing along its height between the rotor body 60 and the permanent magnets 62.
  • the configuration of the rotor 10 we can refer to the French application No. 15 54136 filed May 7, 2015 by the Applicant, and which is incorporated by reference in the present application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention mainly concerns a rotary electric machine, in particular intended for an electric compressor for a motor vehicle, the machine comprising a stator, said stator comprising a body (16) having: - a yoke (28), - a plurality of teeth (27) angularly distributed on an inner periphery of said yoke (28), each tooth (27) having a tooth root (34), and - a plurality of slots (29) each defined by two adjacent teeth (27), characterised in that a ratio between a smallest slot opening (L9) measured between two adjacent tooth roots (34), and an outer diameter of said stator, is of between 5% and 25%, and in particular between 5% and 15%.

Description

STATOR DE MACHINE ELECTRIQUE TOURNANTE A OUVERTURES ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE STATOR WITH OPENINGS
D'ENCOCHES OPTIMISEES OPTIMIZED NOTCHES
L'invention porte sur un stator de machine électrique tournante à ouvertures d'encoches optimisées. L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse, mais non exclusive, avec les compresseurs électriques de véhicule automobile. The invention relates to a rotating electric machine stator with optimized slot openings. The invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application with electric motor vehicle compressors.
De façon connue en soi, les machines électriques tournantes comportent un stator et un rotor solidaire d'un arbre. Le rotor peut être solidaire d'un arbre menant et/ou mené et peut appartenir à une machine électrique tournante sous la forme d'un alternateur, d'un moteur électrique, ou d'une machine réversible pouvant fonctionner dans les deux modes. In known manner, the rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft. The rotor may be integral with a driving shaft and / or driven and may belong to a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor, or a reversible machine that can operate in both modes.
Le rotor comporte un corps formé par un empilage de feuilles de tôles maintenues sous forme de paquet au moyen d'un système de fixation adapté. Le rotor comporte des pôles formés par des aimants permanents logés dans des cavités ménagées dans le corps de rotor. The rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of sheets of sheet metal held in pack form by means of a suitable fastening system. The rotor has poles formed by permanent magnets housed in cavities in the rotor body.
Par ailleurs, le stator est monté dans un carter configuré pour porter à rotation l'arbre par exemple par l'intermédiaire de roulements. Le stator comporte un corps constitué par un empilage de tôles minces formant une culasse en forme de couronne dont la face intérieure est pourvue d'encoches ouvertes vers l'intérieur pour recevoir des enroulements de phase. Furthermore, the stator is mounted in a housing configured to rotate the shaft for example by means of bearings. The stator comprises a body consisting of a stack of thin sheets forming a crown-shaped yoke whose inner face is provided with notches open towards the inside to receive phase windings.
Dans un bobinage de type ondulé réparti, les enroulements sont obtenus par exemple à partir d'un fil continu recouvert d'émail ou à partir d'éléments conducteurs en forme d'épingles reliées entre elles par soudage. Alternativement, dans un bobinage de type "concentrique" dit aussi "concentré", les enroulements de phase sont constitués par des bobines fermées sur elles-mêmes qui sont enroulées autour des dents du stator. Ces enroulements sont des enroulements polyphasés connectés en étoile ou en triangle dont les sorties sont reliées à une électronique de commande. In a distributed corrugated type winding, the windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire coated with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together by welding. Alternatively, in a "concentric" type winding, also referred to as "concentrated" winding, the phase windings are constituted by closed coils on themselves which are wound around the stator teeth. These windings are polyphase windings connected in star or delta whose outputs are connected to a control electronics.
On connaît des machines électriques tournantes accouplées à un arbre d'un compresseur électrique. Ce compresseur électrique permet de compenser au moins en partie la perte de puissance des moteurs thermiques de cylindrée réduite utilisés sur de nombreux véhicules automobiles pour en diminuer la consommation et les émissions de particules polluantes (principe dit de "downsizing" an anglais). A cet effet, le compresseur électrique comprend une turbine disposée sur le conduit d'admission en amont ou en aval du moteur thermique pour permettre de comprimer l'air afin d'optimiser le remplissage des cylindres du moteur thermique. La machine électrique est activée pour entraîner la turbine afin de minimiser le temps de réponse en couple, notamment lors des phases transitoires à l'accélération, ou en phase de redémarrage automatique du moteur thermique après une mise en veille (fonctionnement "stop and start" en anglais). Rotating electrical machines are known that are coupled to a shaft of an electric compressor. This electric compressor makes it possible to compensate at least in part for the power loss of the heat engines of reduced capacity used on many motor vehicles to reduce the consumption and emissions of particulate pollutants (so-called principle of "downsizing" in English). For this purpose, the electric compressor comprises a turbine disposed on the inlet duct upstream or downstream of the heat engine to allow compression of air to optimize the filling of the cylinders of the engine. The electric machine is activated to drive the turbine in order to minimize the torque response time, in particular during the transient phases during acceleration, or in the automatic restart phase of the engine after a standby ("stop and start" operation in English).
Toutefois, compte tenu des faibles dimensions de la machine électrique et des performances élevées requises, il est difficile de dimensionner de façon optimale les différents éléments, en particulier les encoches du stator pour faciliter la réalisation du bobinage. La présente invention vise notamment à remédier à cette difficulté en proposant une machine électrique tournante, notamment destinée à un compresseur électrique pour véhicule automobile, la machine comportant un stator, ledit stator comportant un corps ayant: However, given the small dimensions of the electric machine and the high performance required, it is difficult to optimally size the various elements, in particular the notches of the stator to facilitate the realization of the winding. The present invention aims in particular to remedy this difficulty by proposing a rotary electric machine, in particular for an electric compressor for a motor vehicle, the machine comprising a stator, said stator comprising a body having:
- une culasse,  - a cylinder head,
- une pluralité de dents réparties angulairement sur une périphérie interne de ladite culasse, chaque dent présentant un pied de dent, et a plurality of teeth distributed angularly on an inner periphery of said yoke, each tooth having a tooth root, and
- une pluralité d'encoches définies chacune par deux dents adjacentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un ratio entre une plus petite ouverture d'encoche mesurée entre deux pieds de dent adjacents, et un diamètre externe dudit stator est compris entre, 5% et 25%, notamment entre 5% et 15%, par exemple entre 5% et 9%.  a plurality of notches each defined by two adjacent teeth, characterized in that a ratio between a smaller notch opening measured between two adjacent tooth legs, and an external diameter of said stator is between 5% and 25%; %, especially between 5% and 15%, for example between 5% and 9%.
Selon une réalisation, la face du pied de dent tournée vers l'axe du stator s'étend suivant une portion de cylindre. L'invention permet ainsi d'optimiser les performances magnétiques de la machine électrique tout en facilitant l'insertion de l'aiguille de bobinage à l'intérieur des encoches pour réaliser les bobines autour des dents du stator dans le cadre d'un bobinage de type concentrique. Selon une réalisation, la machine présente un entrefer de largeur constante. According to one embodiment, the face of the tooth root turned towards the axis of the stator extends along a portion of the cylinder. The invention thus makes it possible to optimize the magnetic performance of the electric machine while facilitating the insertion of the winding needle into the notches to form the coils around the stator teeth in the context of a winding of concentric type. In one embodiment, the machine has a gap of constant width.
Selon une réalisation, ledit stator comporte un paquet de tôles empilées les unes sur les autres. In one embodiment, said stator comprises a stack of sheets stacked one on top of the other.
Selon une réalisation, lesdites dents viennent de matière avec ladite culasse. Selon une réalisation, une longueur radiale de chaque dent est comprise entre 5mm et 15mm. According to one embodiment, said teeth come from material with said cylinder head. In one embodiment, a radial length of each tooth is between 5mm and 15mm.
Selon une réalisation, une épaisseur de ladite culasse est comprise entre 2mm et 5mm. According to one embodiment, a thickness of said yoke is between 2mm and 5mm.
Selon une réalisation, ledit stator comporte un bobinage comportant une pluralité de bobines, chaque bobine étant formée par un fil enroulé autour d'une dent. According to one embodiment, said stator comprises a coil comprising a plurality of coils, each coil being formed by a wire wound around a tooth.
Selon une réalisation, un ratio entre un diamètre d'une portion conductrice dudit fil et un diamètre interne dudit stator, est compris entre 5 et 10%, notamment entre 5 et 7%, par exemple entre 5,2% et 6,3%. L'invention permet ainsi d'obtenir un compromis optimal entre l'inertie de la machine électrique et le taux de remplissage des encoches du stator. According to one embodiment, a ratio between a diameter of a conductive portion of said wire and an internal diameter of said stator is between 5 and 10%, especially between 5 and 7%, for example between 5.2% and 6.3%. . The invention thus makes it possible to obtain an optimal compromise between the inertia of the electric machine and the filling rate of the notches of the stator.
Selon une réalisation, ledit diamètre de ladite portion conductrice dudit fil est compris entre 1 mm et 2mm. According to one embodiment, said diameter of said conductive portion of said wire is between 1 mm and 2 mm.
Selon une réalisation, un ratio entre un diamètre d'une portion conductrice dudit fil non émaillé, exprimé en mm, et un nombre de spires de chaque bobine est compris entre 5% et 25 %, notamment entre 10% et 20%. L'invention permet ainsi d'optimiser les performances magnétiques de la machine électrique tout en facilitant l'insertion de l'aiguille de bobinage à l'intérieur des encoches pour réaliser les bobines autour des dents du stator dans le cadre d'un bobinage de type concentrique. According to one embodiment, a ratio between a diameter of a conductive portion of said unglazed wire, expressed in mm, and a number of turns of each coil is between 5% and 25%, especially between 10% and 20%. The invention thus makes it possible to optimize the magnetic performance of the electrical machine while facilitating the insertion of the winding needle into the notches to produce the coils around the stator teeth in the context of a winding of concentric type.
Selon une réalisation, chaque bobine est formée par un nombre de spires compris entre 5 et 20. According to one embodiment, each coil is formed by a number of turns between 5 and 20.
Selon une réalisation, chaque bobine est formée par neuf ou dix-huit spires. Selon une réalisation, ledit stator comporte un paquet de tôles empilées les unes sur les autres. In one embodiment, each coil is formed by nine or eighteen turns. In one embodiment, said stator comprises a stack of sheets stacked one on top of the other.
Selon une réalisation, au moins une feuille comporte à sa surface un plot destiné à venir coopérer avec un creux d'une feuille adjacente, un ratio entre un plus grand diamètre dudit plot et un diamètre externe dudit stator étant compris entre 5% et 15%, notamment entre 2% et 10%. Un tel ratio permet de ne pas perturber le flux magnétique au stator tout en garantissant une bonne tenue mécanique du paquet de tôle d'un tel type de stator de dimensions réduites. Selon une réalisation, ledit corps de stator comportant au moins un trou de fixation traversant débouchant du côté de chaque face d'extrémité axiale dudit corps de stator, un ratio entre une première distance entre un axe dudit stator et un axe dudit trou de fixation et la moitié d'un diamètre externe dudit stator est compris entre 80% et 97%, notamment entre 85% et 95%. Cela permet d'obtenir un compris optimum entre une bonne tenue mécanique et les performances magnétiques de la machine électrique dans laquelle est monté le stator. According to one embodiment, at least one sheet has on its surface a stud intended to cooperate with a hollow of an adjacent sheet, a ratio between a larger diameter of said pad and an outer diameter of said stator being between 5% and 15% , especially between 2% and 10%. Such a ratio makes it possible not to disturb the magnetic flux at the stator while guaranteeing a good mechanical strength of the sheet package of such a type of stator of reduced dimensions. According to one embodiment, said stator body comprising at least one through-fixing hole opening on the side of each axial end face of said stator body, a ratio between a first distance between an axis of said stator and an axis of said fixing hole and half of an outer diameter of said stator is between 80% and 97%, especially between 85% and 95%. This makes it possible to obtain an optimum between a good mechanical strength and the magnetic performance of the electrical machine in which the stator is mounted.
Selon une réalisation, lesdites dents viennent de matière avec ladite culasse. According to one embodiment, said teeth come from material with said cylinder head.
Selon une réalisation, ledit stator comporte un isolant surmoulé au moins sur des faces internes d'encoches délimitées chacune par deux dents successives. According to one embodiment, said stator comprises an insulator overmolded at least on inner faces of notches each delimited by two successive teeth.
Selon une réalisation, ladite machine comporte un rotor muni d'aimants permanents enterrés par exemple au nombre de quatre. According to one embodiment, said machine comprises a rotor provided with buried permanent magnets for example four in number.
Selon une réalisation, le rotor comporte un corps de rotor. Selon une réalisation, ledit corps de rotor présente une périphérie externe délimitée par une face cylindrique. In one embodiment, the rotor comprises a rotor body. According to one embodiment, said rotor body has an outer periphery delimited by a cylindrical face.
Selon une réalisation, le rotor comporte une pluralité de cavités dans chacune desquelles est logé au moins un aimant permanent. Selon une réalisation, le rotor comporte une pluralité de pôles magnétiques, chaque pôle comportant une unique cavité. According to one embodiment, the rotor comprises a plurality of cavities in each of which is housed at least one permanent magnet. In one embodiment, the rotor comprises a plurality of magnetic poles, each pole having a single cavity.
Selon une réalisation, les aimants sont à aimantation radiale. In one embodiment, the magnets are radially magnetized.
Selon une réalisation, les aimants s'étendent globalement suivant une direction orthoradiale. In one embodiment, the magnets extend generally in an orthoradial direction.
Selon une réalisation, ledit corps de rotor présente une périphérie externe délimitée par une face cylindrique de diamètre externe compris entre 20 mm et 50 mm, notamment compris entre 24 mm et 34mm, et de préférence de l'ordre de 28 mm. Selon une réalisation, ladite machine présente un temps de réponse compris entre 100 ms et 600 ms, notamment compris entre 200 ms et 400 ms, par exemple étant de l'ordre de 250 ms pour passer de 0 ou 5000 à 70000 tours/min. According to one embodiment, said rotor body has an outer periphery delimited by a cylindrical face of external diameter between 20 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 24 mm and 34 mm, and preferably of the order of 28 mm. According to one embodiment, said machine has a response time of between 100 ms and 600 ms, in particular between 200 ms and 400 ms, for example being of the order of 250 ms to go from 0 or 5000 to 70,000 revolutions / min.
Selon une réalisation, des éléments de plaquage sont intercalés entre le corps de rotor et chaque aimant permanent. In one embodiment, plating elements are interposed between the rotor body and each permanent magnet.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention.
La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un compresseur électrique comportant une machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; Figure 1 is a sectional view of an electric compressor comprising a rotary electric machine according to the present invention;
La figure 2 montre une vue en perspective du stator de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the stator of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention;
La figure 3 est une vue de dessus du stator seul de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; La figure 4 est une vue de dessus du stator selon l'invention muni de spires pour la formation d'une portion de bobine occupant une demi-encoche; Figure 3 is a top view of the single stator of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a top view of the stator according to the invention provided with turns for the formation of a coil portion occupying a half-notch;
La figure 5 montre une vue en coupe partielle illustrant la configuration d'une dent du stator selon la présente invention; La figure 6 est une vue en coupe d'un fil utilisé pour la réalisation d'une bobine appartenant au bobinage du stator selon la présente invention. Fig. 5 shows a partial sectional view illustrating the configuration of a stator tooth according to the present invention; Figure 6 is a sectional view of a wire used for producing a coil belonging to the stator winding according to the present invention.
La figure 7 montre une évolution du taux de remplissage (01 ) en pourcents ainsi que l'inverse de l'inertie de la machine (02) en fonction du ratio entre le diamètre d'une portion conductrice du fil de bobinage et le diamètre interne du stator; FIG. 7 shows an evolution of the filling ratio (01) in percentages as well as the inverse of the inertia of the machine (02) as a function of the ratio between the diameter of a conductive portion of the winding wire and the internal diameter stator;
La figure 8 est une vue en coupe illustrant un emboîtement entre les feuilles de tôles du stator dans le cas d'un assemblage par boutonnage; Figure 8 is a sectional view illustrating an interlocking between the sheet metal sheets of the stator in the case of a button assembly;
La figure 9 montre une vue en perspective du rotor de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention; Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention;
La figure 10 est une vue en coupe transversale du rotor de la machine électrique tournante selon la présente invention. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention.
Les éléments identiques, similaires, ou analogues conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre. La figure 1 montre un compresseur 1 électrique, comportant une turbine 2 munie d'ailettes 3 apte à aspirer, via une entrée 4, de l'air non-comprimé issu d'une source d'air (non représentée) et à refouler de l'air comprimé via la sortie 5 après passage dans une volute référencée 6. La sortie 5 pourra être reliée à un répartiteur d'admission (non représenté) situé en amont du moteur thermique afin d'optimiser le remplissage des cylindres du moteur thermique. En l'occurrence, l'aspiration de l'air est réalisée suivant une direction axiale, c'est-à-dire suivant l'axe X1 de la turbine 2, et le refoulement est réalisé suivant une direction radiale perpendiculaire à l'axe X1 de la turbine 2. En variante, l'aspiration est radiale tandis que le refoulement est axial. Alternativement, l'aspiration et le refoulement sont réalisés suivant une même direction par rapport à l'axe de la turbine (axiale ou radiale). Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same reference from one figure to another. FIG. 1 shows an electric compressor 1, comprising a turbine 2 equipped with fins 3 able to suck, via an inlet 4, uncompressed air coming from an air source (not represented) and to repress the compressed air via the outlet 5 after passing through a volute referenced 6. The output 5 may be connected to an intake manifold (not shown) located upstream of the engine to optimize the filling of the cylinders of the engine. In this case, the suction of the air is performed in an axial direction, that is to say along the axis X1 of the turbine 2, and the discharge is carried out in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis X1 of the turbine 2. Alternatively, the suction is radial while the discharge is axial. Alternatively, the suction and the discharge are made in the same direction relative to the axis of the turbine (axial or radial).
A cet effet, la turbine 2 est entraînée par une machine électrique 7 montée à l'intérieur du carter 8. Cette machine électrique 7 comporte un stator 9, qui pourra être polyphasé, entourant un rotor 10 avec présence d'un entrefer 1 1 . Ce stator 9 est monté dans le carter 8 configuré pour porter à rotation un arbre 12 par l'intermédiaire de roulements 13. L'arbre 12 est lié en rotation avec la turbine 2 ainsi qu'avec le rotor 10. Le stator 9 est de préférence monté dans le carter 8 par frettage. For this purpose, the turbine 2 is driven by an electric machine 7 mounted inside the housing 8. This electric machine 7 comprises a stator 9, which may be polyphase, surrounding a rotor 10 with the presence of a gap 1 1. This stator 9 is mounted in the housing 8 configured to rotate a shaft 12 by means of bearings 13. The shaft 12 is rotatably connected. with the turbine 2 as well as with the rotor 10. The stator 9 is preferably mounted in the housing 8 by hooping.
Afin de minimiser l'inertie de la turbine 2 lors d'une demande d'accélération de la part du conducteur, la machine électrique 7 présente un temps de réponse court compris entre 100 ms et 600 ms, notamment compris entre 200 ms et 400 ms, par exemple étant de l'ordre de 250ms pour passer de 0 ou 5000 à 70000 tours/min. De préférence, la tension d'utilisation est de 12V. De préférence, la machine électrique 7 est apte à fournir un pic de courant, c'est-à-dire un courant délivré sur une durée continue inférieure à 3 secondes, compris entre 150 A et 300 A, notamment entre 180 A et 250 A. In order to minimize the inertia of the turbine 2 during an acceleration request from the driver, the electric machine 7 has a short response time of between 100 ms and 600 ms, in particular between 200 ms and 400 ms. , for example being of the order of 250ms to go from 0 or 5000 to 70000 revolutions / min. Preferably, the operating voltage is 12V. Preferably, the electric machine 7 is able to provide a current peak, that is to say a current delivered over a continuous period of less than 3 seconds, between 150 A and 300 A, in particular between 180 A and 250 A .
En variante, la machine électrique 7 est apte à fonctionner en mode alternateur, ou est une machine électrique de type réversible. Alternatively, the electric machine 7 is able to operate in alternator mode, or is a reversible type electric machine.
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, le stator 9 comporte un corps 16 et un bobinage 17. Le corps de stator 16 a une forme cylindrique annulaire d'axe X et consiste en un empilement axial de tôles planes. Plus précisément, le corps de stator 16 est délimité radialement par une face cylindrique interne 21 et par une face cylindrique externe 22. Le corps 16 est par ailleurs délimité axialement par des faces d'extrémité 23 et 24. As can be seen in Figure 2, the stator 9 comprises a body 16 and a coil 17. The stator body 16 has an annular cylindrical shape of axis X and consists of an axial stack of flat sheets. More precisely, the stator body 16 is delimited radially by an inner cylindrical face 21 and by an outer cylindrical face 22. The body 16 is moreover defined axially by end faces 23 and 24.
Le corps 16 comporte des dents 27 réparties angulairement de manière régulière sur une circonférence interne d'une culasse 28. Ces dents 27 délimitent des encoches 29, de telle façon que chaque encoche 29 est délimitée par deux dents 27 successives. La culasse 28 correspond ainsi à la portion annulaire externe pleine du corps 16 qui s'étend entre le fond des encoches 29 et la périphérie externe du stator 9. Les encoches 29 débouchent axialement dans les faces d'extrémité axiales 23, 24 du corps 16. Les encoches 29 sont également ouvertes radialement dans la face cylindrique interne du corps 16. The body 16 has teeth 27 distributed angularly in a regular manner on an inner circumference of a yoke 28. These teeth 27 delimit notches 29, so that each notch 29 is delimited by two successive teeth 27. The yoke 28 thus corresponds to the solid outer annular portion of the body 16 which extends between the bottom of the notches 29 and the outer periphery of the stator 9. The notches 29 open axially into the axial end faces 23, 24 of the body 16 The notches 29 are also radially open in the internal cylindrical face of the body 16.
Comme cela est bien visible sur les figures 3 et 4, les dents 27 du stator 9 sont de préférence à bords parallèles, en sorte que les faces internes en vis- à-vis l'une de l'autre des encoches 29 sont inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Les encoches 29 sont réparties angulairement de manière régulière autour de l'axe X. As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the teeth 27 of the stator 9 are preferably with parallel edges, so that the inner faces facing each other of the notches 29 are inclined. one with respect to the other. The notches 29 are angularly distributed regularly around the X axis.
De préférence, le stator 9 est muni de pieds de dents 34 du côté des extrémités libres des dents 27 (cf. figure 5). Chaque pied de dent 34 s'étend circonférentiellement de part et d'autre d'une dent 27 correspondante. Preferably, the stator 9 is provided with tooth roots 34 on the free end side of the teeth 27 (see FIG. Each tooth root 34 extends circumferentially on either side of a corresponding tooth 27.
Le stator 9 est une pièce non segmentée en tôles feuilletées en matériau magnétique. En outre, les dents 27 viennent de matière avec la culasse 28. En variante, le stator 9 pourra toutefois être segmenté c'est-à-dire qu'il est réalisé à partir de plusieurs segments angulaires assemblés entre eux. Dans ce cas, la culasse 28 présente radialement une continuité de matière suivant sa circonférence et radialement sur toute son épaisseur. En variante, les dents 27 pourront être rapportées par rapport à la culasse 28 et fixées à la périphérie interne de la culasse par un système de type tenon-mortaise. The stator 9 is an unsegmented piece made of laminated sheets of magnetic material. In addition, the teeth 27 are made of material with the yoke 28. Alternatively, the stator 9 may however be segmented, that is to say that it is made from several angular segments assembled together. In this case, the cylinder head 28 radially has a continuity of material along its circumference and radially throughout its thickness. Alternatively, the teeth 27 may be reported relative to the yoke 28 and fixed to the inner periphery of the yoke by a tenon-mortise type system.
Avantageusement, un ratio entre une épaisseur radiale L1 de l'entrefer 1 1 et un diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 0.1 % et 2%, notamment entre 0.2% et 1 %. Ce ratio permet de maximiser le couple développé par ce type de machine pourvue d'un stator 9 de faibles dimensions. L'entrefer 1 1 est choisi en fonction d'une épaisseur L13 d'aimants permanents 62 du rotor 10 (cf. figure 10). Ainsi, un deuxième ratio entre une épaisseur de l'entrefer 1 1 et une épaisseur d'aimants L13 est compris entre 0.9 et 0.15. Advantageously, a ratio between a radial thickness L1 of the gap 1 1 and an external diameter L 2 of the stator 9 is between 0.1% and 2%, especially between 0.2% and 1%. This ratio makes it possible to maximize the torque developed by this type of machine provided with a stator 9 of small dimensions. The gap 1 1 is chosen according to a thickness L13 of permanent magnets 62 of the rotor 10 (see FIG. Thus, a second ratio between a thickness of the gap 1 1 and a thickness of magnets L13 is between 0.9 and 0.15.
En outre, afin d'optimiser le passage du flux magnétique dans le stator 9 tout en ayant une tenue mécanique efficace, un ratio entre une épaisseur L3 de la culasse 28 mesurée radialement et un diamètre interne L4 du stator 9 mesuré entre deux dents 27 diamétralement opposées est compris entre 10% et 20%, notamment entre 12% et 15%, et vaut de préférence environ 13%. In addition, in order to optimize the passage of the magnetic flux in the stator 9 while having an effective mechanical strength, a ratio between a thickness L3 of the yoke 28 measured radially and an internal diameter L4 of the stator 9 measured between two teeth 27 diametrically opposed is between 10% and 20%, especially between 12% and 15%, and is preferably about 13%.
En outre, un ratio entre le diamètre interne L4 et un diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 40% et 60%, et vaut de préférence de l'ordre de 51 .5%. Cela permet d'optimiser l'espace bobinable des encoches 29 ainsi que l'inertie du rotor 10. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, le corps de stator 16 est formé de préférence par un empilement axial de feuilles de tôle 37 s'étendant chacune dans un plan radial perpendiculaire à l'axe X. Ce corps de stator 16 est réalisé en matière ferromagnétique. Les tôles 37 sont maintenues par des moyens de fixation 41 pour formation d'un ensemble manipulable et transportable. A cet effet, une pluralité de trous de fixation 40 sont réalisés dans le corps de stator 16 pour autoriser chacun le passage d'un moyen de fixation 41 des tôles du corps de stator 16. En l'occurrence, les trous de fixation 40 sont de préférence traversants, c'est-à-dire qu'ils débouchent axialement sur chacune des extrémités axiales 23, 24 du corps de stator 16, en sorte qu'il est possible de faire passer à l'intérieur de chaque trou de fixation 40 une tige 41 munie d'une tête ou non 42 à une de ses extrémités et dont l'autre extrémité ou les deux sera(ont) déformée(s) par exemple par un procédé de bouterollage afin d'assurer le maintien axial du paquet de tôles. Avantageusement, un ratio entre une distance L5 entre l'axe X du stator 9 et un axe Z d'un trou de fixation 40 (cf. figure 3) et la moitié du diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 80% et 97%, notamment entre 85% et 95%. Ceci permet d'obtenir un compris optimum entre une bonne tenue mécanique et les performances magnétiques de la machine électrique 7 dans laquelle est monté le stator 9. L'axe Z de chaque trou de fixation 40 est compris dans un plan de symétrie P d'une dent 27 correspondante. Les axes Z des trous de fixation 40 sont également positionnés de préférence sur un même cercle C (cf. figure 3). In addition, a ratio between the internal diameter L4 and an external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 40% and 60%, and is preferably of the order of 51.5%. This optimizes the coil space of the notches 29 and the inertia of the rotor 10. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the stator body 16 is preferably formed by an axial stack of sheet metal sheets 37 each extending in a radial plane perpendicular to the axis X. This stator body 16 is formed in ferromagnetic material. The sheets 37 are held by fixing means 41 for forming a manipulable and transportable assembly. For this purpose, a plurality of fixing holes 40 are made in the stator body 16 to allow each passage of a fastening means 41 of the sheets of the stator body 16. In this case, the fixing holes 40 are preferably through, that is to say that they open axially on each of the axial ends 23, 24 of the stator body 16, so that it is possible to pass inside each fixing hole 40 a rod 41 provided with a head or not 42 at one of its ends and whose other end or both will be (are) deformed (s) for example by a method of pegging to ensure the axial retention of the package of sheets. Advantageously, a ratio between a distance L5 between the axis X of the stator 9 and a Z axis of a fixing hole 40 (see FIG. 3) and half of the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 80% and 97%. %, especially between 85% and 95%. This makes it possible to obtain an optimum between a good mechanical strength and the magnetic performance of the electrical machine 7 in which the stator 9 is mounted. The Z axis of each fixing hole 40 is included in a plane of symmetry P d. a corresponding tooth 27. The Z axes of the fixing holes 40 are also preferably positioned on the same circle C (see FIG.
Le stator 9 comporte un nombre de trous de fixation 40 compris entre trois et le nombre de dents 27, ici égal à six. En outre, les trous de fixation 40 traversent la culasse 28, notamment en traversant uniquement la culasse 28, c'est-à-dire sans empiéter sur la dent 27 correspondante. Un ratio entre le diamètre maximum L6 de chaque trou de fixation 40 et le diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 2% et 10%. En variante, la tige 41 est dépourvue de tête 42 et les deux extrémités sont alors déformées par un procédé de bouterollage. En variante, les trous de fixation 40 pourront présenter une section de forme carrée, rectangulaire, ou toute autre forme adaptée au passage des moyens de fixation 41 . En variante, les tôles pourront être maintenues entre elles par boutonnage, ou collage, ou soudure laser. The stator 9 has a number of fixing holes 40 between three and the number of teeth 27, here equal to six. In addition, the fixing holes 40 pass through the yoke 28, in particular by passing only the yoke 28, that is to say without encroaching on the corresponding tooth 27. A ratio between the maximum diameter L6 of each fixing hole 40 and the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 2% and 10%. Alternatively, the rod 41 has no head 42 and the two ends are then deformed by a method of pegging. As a variant, the fixing holes 40 may have a section of square, rectangular shape, or any other shape adapted to the passage of the fixing means 41. Alternatively, the sheets may be held together by buttoning, or bonding, or laser welding.
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 8, chaque feuille 37 comporte à sa surface un plot 45 destiné à venir coopérer avec un creux 46 d'une feuille adjacente. La dernière feuille est percée. Un ratio entre le plus grand diamètre L7 du plot 45 et un diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 5% et 15%, notamment entre 2% et 10%. Un tel ratio permet une bonne tenue mécanique du paquet de tôle d'un tel type de stator 9 de dimensions réduites, tout en limitant les perturbations magnétiques liées à la présence des plots 45. En outre, un tel ratio permet de faciliter la fabrication des feuilles 37 tout assurant un positionnement précis d'une feuille 37 par rapport à l'autre. In the embodiment of Figure 8, each sheet 37 has on its surface a stud 45 intended to cooperate with a recess 46 of an adjacent sheet. The last leaf is pierced. A ratio between the largest diameter L7 of the stud 45 and an external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 5% and 15%, especially between 2% and 10%. Such a ratio allows a good mechanical strength of the sheet package of such a stator type 9 of reduced dimensions, while limiting the magnetic disturbances related to the presence of the pads 45. In addition, such a ratio makes it easier to manufacture the sheets 37 while ensuring a precise positioning of a sheet 37 relative to the other.
Chaque feuille de tôle 37 comporte au moins une face directement en contact avec une unique face d'une autre feuille 37. De préférence, le plus grand diamètre de chaque plot 45 et compris 0.5mm et 5mm et vaut de préférence 3mm. Le nombre de plots 45 par feuille 37 est compris entre 2 et le nombre de dents du stator 9. Sur une feuille de tôle 37, les plots 45 sont disposés sur une première face et les creux 46 sont disposés sur une deuxième face opposée à la première face. En outre, chaque creux 46 est axialement aligné avec un plot 45 correspondant suivant un axe référencé A1 sur la figure 8. Dans un exemple de réalisation, les plots 45 sur la feuille sont positionnés au milieu de chaque dent 27, et sur un même diamètre par exemple de l'ordre de 47mm. En variante, la culasse 28 est pleine et présente radialement une continuité de matière suivant sa circonférence et radialement sur toute son épaisseur. Each sheet of sheet 37 has at least one face directly in contact with a single face of another sheet 37. Preferably, the largest diameter of each pad 45 and included 0.5mm and 5mm and is preferably 3mm. The number of pads 45 per sheet 37 is between 2 and the number of teeth of the stator 9. On a metal sheet 37, the pads 45 are arranged on a first face and the recesses 46 are arranged on a second face opposite to the first face. In addition, each recess 46 is axially aligned with a stud 45 corresponding to an axis referenced A1 in Figure 8. In one embodiment, the pads 45 on the sheet are positioned in the middle of each tooth 27, and on the same diameter for example of the order of 47mm. In a variant, the yoke 28 is solid and radially has a continuity of material along its circumference and radially throughout its thickness.
Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 2 et 4, pour former le bobinage 17 du stator 9, plusieurs enroulements de phase sont formés par des bobines 50 enroulées autour des dents 27 du stator 9, ici au nombre de six. Chaque bobine 50 est formée à partir à partir d'un fil 51 . Ce fil 51 montré en section sur la figure 6 est muni d'une portion conductrice 52, réalisée par exemple en cuivre ou en aluminium, recouverte d'une couche isolante 53, telle que de l'émail. La figure 7 montre une évolution du taux de remplissage (courbe C1 ) ainsi que l'inverse de l'inertie de la machine (courbe C2) en fonction du ratio entre le diamètre L8 d'une portion conductrice dudit fil 51 et le diamètre interne L4 du stator 9. Le ratio est compris entre 5 et 10%, notamment entre 5 et 7%, par exemple entre 5,2% et 6,3%. De préférence, le ratio est sensiblement égal à 5,4%, ce qui correspond à l'intersection entre les deux courbes C1 et C2. As can be seen in Figures 2 and 4, to form the winding 17 of the stator 9, a plurality of phase windings are formed by coils 50 wound around the teeth 27 of the stator 9, here six in number. Each coil 50 is formed from a wire 51. This wire 51 shown in section in Figure 6 is provided with a conductive portion 52, made for example of copper or aluminum, covered with an insulating layer 53, such as enamel. FIG. 7 shows a change in the filling ratio (curve C1) as well as the inverse of the inertia of the machine (curve C2) as a function of the ratio between the diameter L8 of a conductive portion of said wire 51 and the internal diameter L4 of the stator 9. The ratio is between 5 and 10%, especially between 5 and 7%, for example between 5.2% and 6.3%. Preferably, the ratio is substantially equal to 5.4%, which corresponds to the intersection between the two curves C1 and C2.
Le diamètre L8 de la portion conductrice du fil 51 est de l'ordre de 1 .5mm dans le cas où le stator comporte 9 spires. Avec la couche d'émail, le diamètre du fil est de 1 ,602mm. En variante, Le diamètre L8 de la portion conductrice du fil 51 est de l'ordre de 1 .06mm dans le cas où le stator comporte 18 spires. Le choix du diamètre du fil 51 est un choix important pour assurer la faisabilité d'un bobinage de type concentrique. Par ailleurs, le choix du diamètre intérieur L4 du stator est guidé par la minimisation de l'inertie (ou la maximisation de 1 /inertie qui est optimal lorsque ce ratio est proche de 1 ), ainsi que par la faisabilité du bobinage. En effet, plus le diamètre intérieur du stator 9 augmente, plus le diamètre extérieur rotor augmente, plus l'inertie augmente. The diameter L8 of the conductive portion of the wire 51 is of the order of 1 .5 mm in the case where the stator comprises 9 turns. With the enamel layer, the wire diameter is 1.602mm. Alternatively, the diameter L8 of the conductive portion of the wire 51 is of the order of 1 .06mm in the case where the stator has 18 turns. The choice of the diameter of the wire 51 is an important choice to ensure the feasibility of a concentric winding type. Furthermore, the choice of the stator inner diameter L4 is guided by the minimization of the inertia (or the maximization of 1 / inertia which is optimal when this ratio is close to 1), as well as by the feasibility of the winding. Indeed, the greater the inner diameter of the stator 9 increases, the greater the outer rotor diameter increases, the more the inertia increases.
Suivant la méthode de calcul, le stator pourra ainsi présenter un taux de remplissage d'encoche de l'ordre de: According to the calculation method, the stator can thus have a slot filling rate of the order of:
- 50 % lorsqu'il est calculé suivant une première méthode de calcul dans laquelle on détermine un rapport entre la surface totale cumulée (en section) du cuivre dans l'encoche avec assimilation de l'émail en tant que cuivre et la surface totale de l'encoche (avec déduction de l'espace occupé par l'isolant et en partant du principe que le fil est de section carré), ou  - 50% when calculated according to a first method of calculation in which a ratio is determined between the cumulative total area (in section) of the copper in the notch with assimilation of the enamel as copper and the total area of the notch (with deduction of the space occupied by the insulation and assuming that the wire is of square section), or
- 73% lorsqu'il est calculé suivant une deuxième méthode de calcul correspondant à la première méthode sauf que l'on déduit de la surface de section d'encoche, la surface de la section pour le passage de l'aiguille de bobinage. Le résultat fourni par cette deuxième méthode est un taux de remplissage dit "utile".  - 73% when calculated according to a second method of calculation corresponding to the first method except that the area of the section for the passage of the winding needle is deduced from the notch section surface. The result provided by this second method is a so-called "useful" filling rate.
Le tableau ci-dessous détaille le calcul du taux de remplissage avec les deux méthodes précitées: The table below details the calculation of the filling ratio with the two methods mentioned above:
- Première méthode: Surface de fil dans 46.195272 - First method: Wire surface in 46.195272
l'encoche (diamètre au  the notch (diameter at
carré x nbr fils x 2)=  square x nbr son x 2) =
Taux de remplissage Surface de fil dans 49.82932465 Fill rate Wire area in 49.82932465
total l'encoche/surface de total notch / area of
l'encoche isolée  isolated notch
- Deuxième méthode: - Second method:
Surface de fil dans 23.097636 Wire area in 23.097636
l'encoche (diamètre au  the notch (diameter at
carré x nbr fils)=  square x nbr son) =
Taux de remplissage Surface de fil dans 73.32582857 Fill rate Wire area in 73.32582857
utile l'encoche/surface de useful the notch / surface of
l'encoche isolée utile  useful isolated notch
En outre, de préférence, un ratio entre une plus petite ouverture d'encoche L9 mesurée entre deux pieds de dent 34 adjacents (cf. figure 4), et le diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 5% et 25%, notamment entre 5% et 15%. On facilite ainsi l'insertion de l'aiguille de bobinage à l'intérieur de l'encoche 29. In addition, preferably, a ratio between a smaller slot opening L9 measured between two adjacent tooth legs 34 (see FIG. 4), and the external diameter L 2 of the stator 9 is between 5% and 25%, in particular between 5% and 15%. This facilitates insertion of the winding needle into the notch 29.
Autour de chaque dent 27, le nombre de spires 54 situées du côté de la culasse 28 est supérieur ou égal au nombre de spires 54 situées du côté de l'axe X du stator 9. On rappelle ici qu'une spire 54 correspond à un tour du fil autour de la dent 27. Dans une encoche 29 donnée, la portion de la bobine 50 remplissant l'encoche 29 est formée par exemple, de trois couches de spires 54. Dans chaque couche, les spires 54 sont positionnées côte à côte. Chaque bobine 50 est de préférence formée par neuf ou dix-huit spires 54. Around each tooth 27, the number of turns 54 located on the side of the yoke 28 is greater than or equal to the number of turns 54 located on the X axis side of the stator 9. It is recalled here that a turn 54 corresponds to a turn of the wire around the tooth 27. In a given notch 29, the portion of the coil 50 filling the notch 29 is formed for example of three layers of turns 54. In each layer, the turns 54 are positioned side by side . Each coil 50 is preferably formed by nine or eighteen turns 54.
En l'occurrence, le bobinage 17 est du type triphasé, chaque phase étant notamment réalisée par deux bobines 50 diamétralement opposées. Les bobines 50 diamétralement opposées sont connectées électriquement deux à deux en parallèle. Les phases formées chacune par deux bobines 50 en parallèle sont de préférence connectées en triangle. Ce type de bobinage permet de minimiser le nombre de connexion à réaliser. En outre, il est à noter qu'à faible tension, le choix du nombre de fil et du couplage des bobines 50 est très contraignant, dans la mesure où à une spire 54 près il peut devenir impossible d'atteindre les performances requises notamment en termes d'accélération de la machine. In this case, the winding 17 is of the three-phase type, each phase being in particular made by two diametrically opposed coils 50. The diametrically opposed coils 50 are electrically connected in pairs in parallel. The phases each formed by two coils 50 in parallel are preferably connected in a triangle. This type of winding minimizes the number of connections to be made. In addition, it should be noted that at low voltage, the choice of the number of wire and the coupling of the coils 50 is very restrictive, since at a turn 54 it can become impossible to achieve the required performance especially in terms of acceleration of the machine.
Dans l'invention, la configuration à neuf spires 54 en triangle permet de remplir les exigences techniques du compresseur alors qu'un couplage correspondant en étoile ne fonctionnerait pas puisqu'il serait nécessaire de réaliser 9/racine(3)=5.2 spires 54 avec un diamètre de fil égal à 1 .5*racine(racine(3))=1 .97mm, ce qui correspond à un fil trop difficile à bobiner avec un taux de remplissage irréalisable. Par ailleurs, si l'on réalisait plus de spires 54, le taux de remplissage augmenterait, mais le couloir de bobinage serait perdu de telle façon qu'il ne serait plus possible d'utiliser un stator 9 non segmenté. En variante, le couplage pourrait être réalisé en triangle, bobines en série, ou en étoile avec des bobines soit en série soit en parallèle. In the invention, the configuration with nine turns 54 in triangle makes it possible to fulfill the technical requirements of the compressor whereas a corresponding star coupling would not work since it would be necessary to realize 9 / root (3) = 5.2 turns 54 with a wire diameter equal to 1 .5 * root (root (3)) = 1.97 mm, which corresponds to a wire too difficult to wind with an infeasible filling rate. On the other hand, if more turns 54 were made, the filling rate would increase, but the winding lane would be lost in such a way that it would no longer be possible to use an unsegmented stator 9. Alternatively, the coupling could be made in a triangle, coils in series, or star with coils either in series or in parallel.
Afin d'optimiser les performances magnétiques d'un tel bobinage 17 réalisé in situ sur le stator 9, on sélectionne un ratio entre le diamètre L8 de la portion conductrice 52 du fil 51 , exprimé en mm, et un nombre de spires 54 de chaque bobine 50 compris entre 5% et 25%, notamment entre 10% et 20%. Ainsi, pour un diamètre L8 de l'ordre de 1 .5mm et pour 9 spires par bobine, le ratio est de l'ordre de 16.7%. In order to optimize the magnetic performance of such a winding 17 produced in situ on the stator 9, a ratio between the diameter L8 of the conductive portion 52 of the wire 51, expressed in mm, and a number of turns 54 of each coil 50 between 5% and 25%, especially between 10% and 20%. Thus, for a diameter L8 of the order of 1 .5 mm and for 9 turns per coil, the ratio is of the order of 16.7%.
Dans le mode de réalisation particulier de la figure 3, la protection entre le paquet de tôles 16 et le fil de bobinage 51 est assurée par un isolant surmoulé 57 sur les faces internes des encoches 29. Pour faciliter la lisibilité de la figure, l'isolant surmoulé 57 a été représentée uniquement sur une partie du corps de stator 13. La face du pied de dent 34 tournée vers l'axe X du stator 9, c'est-à-dire la face du pied de dent 34 en contact avec l'entrefer 1 1 s'étendant suivant une portion de cylindre, est dépourvue d'isolant 57. On évite ainsi de perturber le passage du flux dans l'entrefer 1 1 . In the particular embodiment of FIG. 3, the protection between the sheet package 16 and the winding wire 51 is provided by an overmoulded insulator 57 on the inner faces of the notches 29. To facilitate the readability of the figure, the overmoulded insulator 57 has been shown only on a portion of the stator body 13. The face of the tooth root 34 turned towards the X axis of the stator 9, that is to say the face of the tooth root 34 in contact with the gap 1 1 extending along a portion of the cylinder, is devoid of insulator 57. This avoids disturbing the passage of the flow in the gap 1 1.
De préférence, l'isolant surmoulé 57 recouvre les faces d'extrémité axiale des dents 27, et/ou les faces d'extrémité axiale de la culasse 28. Autrement dit, l'isolant surmoulé 57 pourra également recouvrir les faces d'extrémité axiale 23, 24 du corps de stator 16. Preferably, the overmolded insulation 57 covers the axial end faces of the teeth 27, and / or the axial end faces of the bolt 28. Otherwise said, the overmolded insulation 57 may also cover the axial end faces 23, 24 of the stator body 16.
Par rapport à l'utilisation de papier isolant comme cela est le cas sur la figure 2, une telle configuration permet de faciliter la mise en place de l'isolant d'encoche, particulièrement pour des stators 9 de faible diamètre. Compared with the use of insulating paper as is the case in FIG. 2, such a configuration makes it easier to place the notch insulation, particularly for stators 9 of small diameter.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, l'entrefer L1 est de l'ordre de 0.3mm. Le diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 est compris entre 40mm et 60mm, et vaut de préférence 52mm. Le diamètre interne L4 du stator 9 est compris entre 15mm et 35mm, notamment entre 20mm et 30mm, par exemple de l'ordre de 26.8mm. Avantageusement, le fil 51 comprend une portion conductrice 52 de diamètre L8 compris entre 1 mm et 2mm et vaut de préférence 1 .5mm comme indiqué précédemment; tandis que chaque bobine 50 comporte un nombre de spires 54 compris entre 5 et 20, notamment égal à 9. L'épaisseur L3 de la culasse 28 pourra avantageusement être comprise entre 2mm et 5mm, et valoir de préférence 3.5mm. En outre, une longueur radiale L10 de chaque dent 27 (cf. figure 5) est comprise entre 5mm et 15mm. La plus petite ouverture d'encoche L9 mesurée entre deux pieds de dent 34 adjacents est de l'ordre de 4mm. Les trous de fixation 40 pourront présenter un diamètre L6 compris entre 0.6mm et 3mm, et valant par exemple 3mm; tandis que la distance L5 entre l'axe X du stator 9 et un centre d'un trou de fixation 40 est de l'ordre de 47mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the gap L1 is of the order of 0.3mm. The external diameter L2 of the stator 9 is between 40 mm and 60 mm, and is preferably 52 mm. The internal diameter L4 of the stator 9 is between 15mm and 35mm, in particular between 20mm and 30mm, for example of the order of 26.8mm. Advantageously, the wire 51 comprises a conductive portion 52 of diameter L8 between 1 mm and 2 mm and is preferably 1 .5 mm as indicated above; while each coil 50 has a number of turns 54 between 5 and 20, in particular equal to 9. The thickness L3 of the yoke 28 may advantageously be between 2mm and 5mm, and is preferably 3.5mm. In addition, a radial length L10 of each tooth 27 (see Figure 5) is between 5mm and 15mm. The smallest notch opening L9 measured between two adjacent tooth roots 34 is of the order of 4 mm. The fixing holes 40 may have a diameter L6 of between 0.6 mm and 3 mm, and being for example 3 mm; while the distance L5 between the axis X of the stator 9 and a center of a fixing hole 40 is of the order of 47mm.
Par ailleurs, le rotor 10 d'axe de rotation Y montré en détails sur les figures 9 et 10 est à aimants permanents. Le corps de rotor 60 comporte un paquet de tôle constitué par un empilage axial de tôles. Le corps de rotor 60 peut être lié en rotation à l'arbre 12 de différentes manières, par exemple par emmanchement en force de l'arbre 12 cannelé à l'intérieur de l'ouverture centrale 65 du rotor 10, ou à l'aide d'un dispositif à clavette. On the other hand, the rotational axis rotor Y shown in detail in FIGS. 9 and 10 is permanent magnets. The rotor body 60 comprises a sheet package consisting of an axial stack of sheets. The rotor body 60 can be rotatably connected to the shaft 12 in various ways, for example by force-fitting the splined shaft 12 into the central opening 65 of the rotor 10, or by means of a keyed device.
De préférence, le ratio entre le diamètre externe L2 du stator 9 et une longueur axiale L1 1 du rotor 10 est compris entre 3 et 4, et vaut de préférence 3.25. Ce ratio permet de diminuer l'inertie du rotor 10 et donc de diminuer le temps nécessaire pour atteindre une vitesse de rotation élevée correspondant par exemple à une vitesse de fonctionnement d'un compresseur électrique. Avantageusement, le ratio entre le diamètre externe L12 du rotor 10 et la longueur L1 1 du rotor 10 est compris entre 1 .1 et 1 .8, et vaut par exemple environ 1 .6. Preferably, the ratio between the external diameter L2 of the stator 9 and an axial length L1 1 of the rotor 10 is between 3 and 4, and is preferably 3.25. This ratio makes it possible to reduce the inertia of the rotor 10 and therefore to reduce the time required to reach a high rotational speed corresponding, for example, to an operating speed of an electric compressor. Advantageously, the ratio between the external diameter L12 of the rotor 10 and the length L1 1 of the rotor 10 is between 1 .1 and 1 .8, and is for example about 1 .6.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le rotor 10 présente par exemple une longueur axiale L1 1 comprise entre 10mm et 20mm et valant de préférence 16mm, un diamètre externe L12 compris entre 20 mm et 50 mm, notamment compris entre 24mm et 34mm, et de préférence de l'ordre de 26mm, et un diamètre interne L13 de l'ordre de 10mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the rotor 10 has, for example, an axial length L1 1 of between 10 mm and 20 mm and is preferably 16 mm, an external diameter L 12 of between 20 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 24 mm and 34 mm, and preferably of the order of 26mm, and an internal diameter L13 of the order of 10mm.
Le rotor 10 de type à aimants enterrés 62 comporte une pluralité de cavités 61 dans chacune desquelles est logé au moins un aimant permanent 62. Les aimants 62 sont à aimantation radiale, c'est-à-dire que les deux faces parallèles 63, 64 l'une par rapport à l'autre ayant une orientation orthoradiale sont magnétisées de manière à pouvoir générer un flux magnétique suivant une orientation radiale par rapport à l'axe Y. The rotor 10 of the buried magnet type 62 comprises a plurality of cavities 61 in each of which is housed at least one permanent magnet 62. The magnets 62 are radially magnetized, that is to say that the two parallel faces 63, 64 each other having an orthoradial orientation are magnetized so as to be able to generate a magnetic flux in a radial orientation with respect to the Y axis.
Comme cela est bien visible sur la figure 10 où les lettres N et S correspondent respectivement aux pôles Nord et Sud, les aimants 62 situés dans deux cavités 61 consécutives sont de polarités alternées. As is clearly visible in FIG. 10, where the letters N and S respectively correspond to the North and South poles, the magnets 62 located in two consecutive cavities 61 are of alternating polarity.
Dans le cas présent, les aimants permanents 62 ont une forme de parallélépipède rectangle dont les angles sont légèrement biseautés. Les faces internes et externes 63, 64 de chaque aimant 62 sont en l'occurrence planes. En variante, la face externe 64 de chaque aimant 62 est courbée, tandis que la face interne 63 de l'aimant 62 est plate, ou inversement. Alternativement, les deux faces 63, 64 sont courbées dans le même sens, en sorte que chaque aimant 62 présente globalement une forme de tuile. In this case, the permanent magnets 62 have a rectangular parallelepiped shape whose angles are slightly beveled. The inner and outer faces 63, 64 of each magnet 62 are in this case planar. Alternatively, the outer face 64 of each magnet 62 is curved, while the inner face 63 of the magnet 62 is flat, or vice versa. Alternatively, the two faces 63, 64 are bent in the same direction, so that each magnet 62 generally has a tile shape.
Par ailleurs, les aimants 62 ne remplissent pas complètement les cavités 61 , de telle façon qu'il existe deux espaces vides 67 de part et d'autre d'un aimant 62 donné suivant une direction orthoradiale. Le volume d'air délimité par l'ensemble des espaces 67 du rotor permet de réduire l'inertie du rotor 10 et d'optimiser le flux magnétique. Furthermore, the magnets 62 do not completely fill the cavities 61, so that there are two voids 67 on either side of a given magnet 62 in a orthoradial direction. The volume of air delimited by all the spaces 67 of the rotor makes it possible to reduce the inertia of the rotor 10 and to optimize the magnetic flux.
Les aimants 62 sont de préférence réalisés en terre rare afin de maximiser la puissance magnétique de la machine 7. En variante, ils pourront toutefois être réalisés en ferrite selon les applications et la puissance recherchée de la machine électrique 7. Alternativement, les aimants 62 peuvent être de nuances différentes pour réduire les coûts. The magnets 62 are preferably made of rare earth in order to maximize the magnetic power of the machine 7. Alternatively, however, they can be made of ferrite according to the applications and the desired power of the 7. Alternatively, the magnets 62 may be of different shades to reduce costs.
En outre, des éléments de plaquage 70 sont intercalés entre le corps de rotor 60 et chaque aimant 62, pour assurer le maintien de chaque aimant permanent 62 à l'intérieur de la cavité 61 correspondante. Les éléments de plaquage 70 sont positionnés du côté de l'axe Y du rotor 10. En variante, les éléments de plaquage 70 pourraient être positionnés du côté de l'entrefer 1 1 de la machine électrique. In addition, plating elements 70 are interposed between the rotor body 60 and each magnet 62, to ensure the maintenance of each permanent magnet 62 inside the corresponding cavity 61. The plating elements 70 are positioned on the side of the Y axis of the rotor 10. In a variant, the plating elements 70 could be positioned on the side of the gap 1 1 of the electric machine.
Chaque élément de plaquage 70 est constitué par une lame ressort incurvée déformable élastiquement. En variante, l'élément de plaquage 70 est constitué par une goupille, un ressort à spirales, ou un ressort monté comprimé par écrasement suivant sa hauteur entre le corps de rotor 60 et les aimants permanents 62. Pour plus de détails sur la configuration du rotor 10, on pourra se référer à la demande française n°15 54136 déposée le 7 mai 2015 par la Demanderesse, et qui est incorporé par référence à la présente demande. Each plating element 70 is constituted by an elastically deformable curved spring blade. Alternatively, the plating member 70 is constituted by a pin, a spiral spring, or a spring mounted compressed by crushing along its height between the rotor body 60 and the permanent magnets 62. For more details on the configuration of the rotor 10, we can refer to the French application No. 15 54136 filed May 7, 2015 by the Applicant, and which is incorporated by reference in the present application.
Bien entendu, la description qui précède a été donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement et ne limite pas le domaine de l'invention dont on ne sortirait pas en remplaçant les différents éléments par tous autres équivalents. Of course, the foregoing description has been given by way of example only and does not limit the scope of the invention which would not be overcome by replacing the different elements by any other equivalent.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Machine électrique tournante (1 ), notamment destinée à un compresseur électrique (1 ) pour véhicule automobile, la machine (1 ) comportant un stator (9) comportant un corps (16) ayant: 1. Rotary electric machine (1), especially for an electric compressor (1) for a motor vehicle, the machine (1) comprising a stator (9) comprising a body (16) having:
- une culasse (28),  a cylinder head (28),
- une pluralité de dents (27) réparties angulairement sur une périphérie interne de ladite culasse (28), chaque dent (27) présentant un pied de dent (34), et  a plurality of teeth (27) angularly distributed on an inner periphery of said yoke (28), each tooth (27) having a tooth root (34), and
- une pluralité d'encoches (29) définies chacune par deux dents (27) adjacentes,  a plurality of notches (29) each defined by two adjacent teeth (27),
caractérisé en ce qu'un ratio entre une plus petite ouverture d'encoche (L9) mesurée entre deux pieds de dent (34) adjacents, et un diamètre externe (L2) dudit stator (9) est compris entre, 5% et 25%, notamment entre 5% et 15%, par exemple entre 5% et 9%.  characterized in that a ratio between a smaller notch opening (L9) measured between two adjacent tooth legs (34), and an outer diameter (L2) of said stator (9) is between .5% and 25% in particular between 5% and 15%, for example between 5% and 9%.
2. Machine selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la face du pied de dent (34) tournée vers l'axe du stator (9) s'étend suivant une portion de cylindre. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the face of the tooth root (34) facing the axis of the stator (9) extends along a cylinder portion.
3. Machine selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdites dents (27) viennent de matière avec ladite culasse (28). 3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said teeth (27) are made of material with said yoke (28).
4. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une longueur radiale (L10) de chaque dent (27) est comprise entre 5mm et 15mm. 4. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a radial length (L10) of each tooth (27) is between 5mm and 15mm.
5. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une épaisseur (L3) de ladite culasse (28) est comprise entre 2mm et 5mm. 5. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a thickness (L3) of said yoke (28) is between 2mm and 5mm.
6. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant un entrefer de largeur constante. 6. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, having an air gap of constant width.
7. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un rotor (10) muni d'aimants permanents (62) enterrés par exemple au nombre de quatre. 7. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a rotor (10) provided with permanent magnets (62) buried for example four in number.
8. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le rotor (10) comportant un corps de rotor (60) présentant une périphérie externe délimitée par une face cylindrique. 8. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the rotor (10) having a rotor body (60) having an outer periphery delimited by a cylindrical face.
9. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le rotor (10) comportant une pluralité de cavités (61 ) dans chacune desquelles est logé au moins un aimant permanent (62). 9. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the rotor (10) having a plurality of cavities (61) in each of which is housed at least one permanent magnet (62).
10. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le stator (9) comporte un bobinage (17) comportant une pluralité de bobines (50), chaque bobine (50) étant formée par un fil (51 ) enroulé autour d'une dent (27). 10. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (9) comprises a coil (17) having a plurality of coils (50), each coil (50) being formed by a wire (51) wound around a tooth (27).
1 1 . Machine selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que chaque bobine (50) est formée par un nombre de spires (54) compris entre 5 et 20, par exemple égale à 9 ou 18. 1 1. Machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each coil (50) is formed by a number of turns (54) between 5 and 20, for example equal to 9 or 18.
PCT/FR2016/052280 2015-09-11 2016-09-09 Stator of a rotary electric machine with optimised slot openings WO2017042516A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1558479 2015-09-11
FR1558479A FR3041187A1 (en) 2015-09-11 2015-09-11 ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE STATOR WITH OPTIMIZED ENCLOSURE OPENINGS

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5592731A (en) * 1992-09-01 1997-01-14 Unique Mobility, Inc. Method of constructing a stator
CN202513794U (en) * 2012-03-20 2012-10-31 高金云 Stator/rotor punching sheets of single-phase series excited machine
CN204465162U (en) * 2015-04-02 2015-07-08 台州宝达机电有限公司 Stator punching

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5592731A (en) * 1992-09-01 1997-01-14 Unique Mobility, Inc. Method of constructing a stator
CN202513794U (en) * 2012-03-20 2012-10-31 高金云 Stator/rotor punching sheets of single-phase series excited machine
CN204465162U (en) * 2015-04-02 2015-07-08 台州宝达机电有限公司 Stator punching

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