WO2017031701A1 - Cpu卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表 - Google Patents

Cpu卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017031701A1
WO2017031701A1 PCT/CN2015/088065 CN2015088065W WO2017031701A1 WO 2017031701 A1 WO2017031701 A1 WO 2017031701A1 CN 2015088065 W CN2015088065 W CN 2015088065W WO 2017031701 A1 WO2017031701 A1 WO 2017031701A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
module
unit
alarm
electric energy
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PCT/CN2015/088065
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李志华
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深圳市思达仪表有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市思达仪表有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市思达仪表有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2015/088065 priority Critical patent/WO2017031701A1/zh
Publication of WO2017031701A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017031701A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • G07F15/06—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity with means for prepaying basic charges, e.g. rent for meters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric energy meter, in particular to an electric energy meter for automatically controlling electric metering and electricity using a CPU card as an information exchange medium.
  • the all-electronic multi-function electric energy meter adopts high-precision metering chip to complete the precise calculation and measurement of various electric parameters, and can realize the automatic copying of the user's electricity consumption and the technology of bank networking and automatic settlement of electricity charges.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a single-phase electronic three-phase electronic prepaid step electric price electric energy meter with a stepped electricity price, which can give different electricity prices according to the size of the user's electric power every month, and encourages electricity or restricts electricity consumption. the goal of.
  • the present invention provides a CPU card single-phase three-phase electronic prepaid step electricity price electric energy meter, the electric energy meter includes an interface unit, a power circuit unit, an electric energy metering and electric parameter detecting unit, a meter power-off mechanism, and an MCU.
  • the control unit, the interface unit, the power supply circuit unit, and the electric energy metering and electrical parameter detecting unit are respectively input to the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit outputs the power-off information to the electric meter power-off mechanism, wherein the power circuit unit is simultaneously measuring the electric energy and
  • the electrical parameter detecting unit provides a power source; wherein the power meter further includes a display unit connected to the display control module (104), an ESAM unit connected between the interface unit and the communication module (100), and an alarm control module connected thereto.
  • An alarm unit the ESAM unit is connected between the interface unit and the MCU control unit, and the display unit and the alarm unit are both activated by control information output by the MCU control unit
  • the MCU control unit comprises a communication module, a clock module, and a power metering Module, storage module, display control module, rate calculation module, alarm control module, and electricity
  • the error module is configured, wherein the communication module, the clock module and the power metering module respectively input respective information to the display control module and the storage module, and the storage module output is connected to the rate calculation module and the display control module, the fee One output end of the rate calculation module outputs power-off information, and the other two output ends are respectively connected to an alarm control module and a display control module, wherein the output of the alarm control module is connected to the display control module, and the other output terminal outputs alarm information
  • the display control module outputs display control information
  • the MCU control unit is configured to start working after the power is successfully loaded, and read the rate information from the communication module, the time information from the clock module
  • the electric power information activates the current rate category in several rates of the electric energy meter, activates the current time zone rate in a plurality of time zones under the current seed rate, and divides the N step energy E1 to EN adjacent to the energy meter into two adjacent +1 interval, respectively: [0, E1), [E1, E2) until [EN, + ⁇ ], each interval corresponds to a ladder price P0 to PN
  • N is a natural number, determining the interval to which the current electricity consumption belongs in the current month, and performing the electricity price corresponding to the interval in the portion of the corresponding interval, and the sum of the electricity prices of the respective intervals is obtained by the current electricity demand for the current month, and the electricity fee is subtracted.
  • the remaining electricity fee after calculating the remaining electricity fee, if the remaining electricity fee is sufficient, it will work normally; when the remaining amount is lower than the set pre-alarm threshold, the rate calculation module outputs the remaining amount of pre-alarm information to the alarm control module, so that The alarm unit connected to the alarm control module issues an alarm; when the remaining amount is lower than the set alarm threshold, the rate calculation module outputs the remaining amount alarm information to the alarm control module, so that the alarm unit issues an alarm and simultaneously outputs the power-off information to the meter.
  • the power-off mechanism outputs display information to the display control module, and the energy meter error module is used to report an error warning, and saves the setting before the error warning is issued.
  • the set N step powers E1 to EN are all equal to or greater than zero and are arranged in power; the set N+1 step power prices P0 to PN+1 are arranged in order of magnitude.
  • the MCU control unit further includes an overdraft processing module, the overdraft processing module is connected between the rate calculation module and the electricity meter power off mechanism, and the communication module inputs an overdraft amount threshold and an overdraft rate to the overdraft processing The module can use the overdraft power to the set overdraft amount threshold when the remaining electricity rate in the meter is decremented to zero.
  • the MCU control unit further includes an ⁇ under-utilization processing module connected between the rate calculation module (105) and the meter power-off mechanism, and the communication module inputs the ⁇ ⁇ threshold and the owed rate to the ⁇ ⁇
  • the electric processing module can owe the power to the threshold of the owed amount when the amount of the electric energy meter is insufficient.
  • the MCU control unit further includes an inactive power processing module connected between the overdraft processing module and the electricity meter power-off mechanism, and the communication module inputs a threshold of arrears and a credit rate to the power-down processing module. When the amount of the electric energy meter is insufficient, the power can be owed to the threshold of the owed amount.
  • the MCU control unit further includes a load control module, wherein an input end of the load control module is connected to an output end of the power metering module, and another input end is connected to a user load threshold output by the communication module; and an output terminal is connected to the alarm control module.
  • the second output terminal is connected to the power-off mechanism, and the third output terminal is connected to the display control module.
  • the working process of the load control module is:
  • the power-off information is sent to determine whether the number of overloaded power-offs is greater than the maximum allowable number. If it is not greater than the maximum allowable number, the overload pre-alarm information is output to the alarm control module, and the number of overloaded power-offs is accumulated, and the user can pass the self-service.
  • the button or the card restores the power supply; otherwise, the overload power-off alarm message is output to the alarm control module, and the power supply department must restore the power supply.
  • the maximum allowable number of overload power-offs can be set through the interface unit.
  • the CPU card adopting the electric energy meter structure, the single-phase three-phase electronic prepaid step electric power meter, including the upper cover plastic seal, the upper cover seal screw, the upper cover, the alarm indication, the pulse indication, the card door, the CPU card and the CPU card Slot, wheel display button, top cover seal screw, top cover lead seal, wiring socket, terminal cover seal screw, terminal cover, setting button, binding post fixing screw, binding post, pulse test output, infrared Communication interface, LCD display, panel and bottom case.
  • the display item of the liquid crystal display includes a display code, a ladder rate category identifier, a unit, a remaining amount bar indicator, a data display item, a communication identifier, and a reverse power indicator.
  • the CPU card of the CPU card and the CPU card slot includes a user card and a detection card, and the two types of cards can be inserted into the CPU card slot, wherein the user card is used by the user, and the detection card is provided
  • the power supply department implements meter reading or meter change.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the electric energy meter adopts a stepped electricity price, and can be given different electricity prices according to the monthly electricity consumption of the user, and a electricity price is used within the basic electricity consumption range, and the electricity consumption exceeding the basic electricity consumption is used.
  • the amount uses another electricity price, so it is convenient for the power supply bureau to flexibly choose to encourage the use of electricity or to limit the power consumption policy, and does not need to store a large amount of electricity price data in different time periods, thereby saving storage space.
  • the meter when the meter detects overload or the remaining amount is insufficient and needs to be powered off, an audible and visual alarm will be issued; at the same time, the user can be given a certain number of overloads, overdraft limit and credit limit to prevent sudden power failure from giving the user a working life. Inconvenient and loss, the meter also provides real-time load function for watch display and real-time power display, which is convenient for users and power supply companies to query.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of an electric energy meter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of calculating remaining electricity charges in an MCU control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stepped electricity price when the electric meter realizes a power saving policy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a stepped electricity price when the electric meter realizes an incentive power policy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 6(a) is a terminal marking of an electric energy meter product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6(b) is a wiring diagram of the electric energy meter product according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electric energy meter includes an interface unit, an ESAM unit, a power supply circuit unit, an electric energy metering and electrical parameter detecting unit, a display unit, an electric meter power-off mechanism, an alarm unit, and
  • the MCU control unit includes a communication module 100, a clock module 101, a power metering module 102, a storage module 103, a display control module 104, a rate calculation module 105, and an alarm control module 106, and an energy meter error reporting module 107.
  • the power circuit unit includes an external power supply and an RTC real-time clock circuit.
  • the external power supply provides power to the clock module 101 of the MCU control unit, the energy metering and electrical parameter detecting unit, and the RTC real-time clock circuit provides the clock module 101.
  • the backup power supply causes the internal clock module 101 to remain in operation when the external power supply is powered off.
  • the interface unit includes an infrared interface and a CPU card interface.
  • the CPU card has a key control and a 3-DES algorithm, which is more compatible.
  • the ESAM unit After inserting the CPU card into the interface unit, the ESAM unit performs the key authentication process. If the authentication fails, the device refuses to charge. If the authentication passes, it detects whether the anti-hoarding, power-purging and charging times match, and if it does not match, the power is refused. If it matches, enter the charging process, input the information in the CPU card, including the purchase amount and other parameters, to the communication module 100, and adjust the corresponding parameter values in the table;
  • the interface unit can also implement a timekeeping function, the programming time function includes a programming time and a broadcast time, wherein the programming time has a permission limit, and the real time clock can be calibrated to any time, including the year, month, day, week, minute, and second;
  • the broadcast school can only be calibrated once a day, and the calibration time should be within ⁇ 5 minutes of the energy meter clock, otherwise the energy meter will not accept the broadcast time.
  • the energy meter is successful at school, it can record the total number of school hours and the date and time of the last five school hours, including the year, month, day and week.
  • the communication module 100, the clock module 101 and the power metering module 102 all input respective information into the storage module 103 for storage, and the waiting rate calculation module 105 reads out the calculation of the electricity fee, thereby obtaining the remaining amount, when the remaining amount is low.
  • the rate calculation module 105 outputs the remaining amount pre-alarm information to the alarm control module 106, so that the alarm unit connected to the alarm control module 106 issues an alarm; when the remaining amount is lower than the set alarm gate
  • the time limit calculation module 105 outputs the remaining amount alarm information to the alarm control module 106 to cause the alarm unit to issue an alarm and simultaneously output the power-off information to the meter power-off mechanism.
  • the alarm unit includes two circuits of a voice control alarm and a light control alarm, and is started according to the control information of the alarm control module 106.
  • the communication module 100, the clock module 101, the power metering module 102, the storage module 103, the rate calculation module 105, and the alarm control module 106 are respectively input to the display control module 104, and the display control module 104 follows the automatic wheel display and the button wheel.
  • the display mode combines the display unit to display the corresponding information of each module.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of calculating the remaining electricity bill in the MCU control unit, and the internal modules of the MCU control unit shown in FIG. 1 work as follows:
  • Step S200 After the power is successfully installed, the electric meter starts to work;
  • Step S201 reading the rate information from the communication module 100, the time information from the clock module 101, and the power consumption information from the power metering module 102 from the storage module 103;
  • Step S202 Activating the current rate category
  • the power meter of the present invention can store a plurality of rates.
  • the current rate rate category is activated by storing four rate rates.
  • Step S203 Activating the current time zone rate under the current rate, the energy meter of the present invention may divide the year into N time zones, where N is a natural number not greater than the total number of times of the year.
  • N is a natural number not greater than the total number of times of the year.
  • Step S204 determining whether the current power consumption of the current month is less than the step power E1, if yes, proceeding to step S205, if not, then the process proceeds to step S206;
  • Step S205 Execute the electricity price P0, calculate the remaining electricity fee, that is, calculate the electricity cost for electricity use according to the electricity price P0;
  • Step S206 Re-determine whether the current current power consumption is less than the step power E2, if yes, proceed to step S207, and if not, then jump to step S208;
  • Step S207 Execute the electricity price P1 and P0, calculate the remaining electricity fee, that is, calculate the electricity cost for the electricity consumption of the partial power consumption E1 according to the electricity price P0, calculate the electricity fee for the electricity consumption exceeding the step power E1 according to the electricity price P1, and subtract the two electricity charges. The sum of the electricity bills in the interval to get the remaining electricity bill;
  • Step S208 determining whether the current power consumption of the current month is less than the step power E3, if yes, the process proceeds to step S210, and if not, proceeds to step S209;
  • Step S209 Execute the electricity price P3, P2, P1, and P0, that is, calculate the electricity cost for the electricity consumption of the portion of the electric energy of the step E1 according to the electricity price P0, and calculate the electricity fee for the electricity consumption between the electric energy of the step E1 and E2 according to the electricity price P1, according to the electricity price.
  • P2 calculates the electricity cost for the electricity consumption between the step power E2 and E3, and calculates the electricity fee for the electricity consumption exceeding the ladder power E3 according to the electricity price P3.
  • the sum of the electricity charges of the four sections is the electricity demand for the current electricity consumption. Subtract the electricity bill to get the remaining electricity bill;
  • Step S210 Execute the electricity price P2, P1, P0, that is, calculate the electricity cost for the electricity consumption of the partial electricity E1 part according to the electricity price P0, calculate the electricity fee for the electricity consumption between the ladder electric energy E1 and E2 according to the electricity price P1, and calculate according to the electricity price P2
  • the electricity fee for the electricity consumption exceeding the step power E2 the sum of the electricity charges of the three sections is the electricity fee for the current electricity consumption; the electricity fee is obtained by subtracting the electricity fee;
  • step power of the present invention is not limited to the three types E1 to E3 described in the specific embodiment, and may be set to N.
  • the E1 to EN is used, and the corresponding ladder price is N.
  • +1 denoted by P0 to PN, where N is a natural number, the user can comprehensively consider the storage space to set the number of steps, then the workflow of the MCU control unit is recursed according to the above steps.
  • the power of the step should be satisfied: 0 ⁇ E1 ⁇ E2 ⁇ E3 ⁇ ... ⁇ EN, then the N step powers E1 to EN set by the energy meter are divided into N+1 intervals, respectively Yes: [0, E1), [E1, E2] up to [EN, + ⁇ ], each interval corresponds to a price of electricity, which is P0 to PN in turn, and if the current power consumption in the current month is in the interval part, the corresponding interval is executed. Electricity price.
  • the step price P0 to PN can satisfy the ascending order of power
  • the step power price serves as a purpose of limiting power consumption, as shown in FIG.
  • the power supply bureau can set different ladder price through the CPU card, which can flexibly limit power or encourage power consumption, and can flexibly control the extent of limiting power consumption and encouraging power consumption, and only need to access the ladder power E1 to EN and the ladder.
  • the electricity price P0 to PN can save storage space by reducing the number of steps of the power.
  • the rate calculation module 105 After the rate calculation of the step, the remaining electricity fee after the current power consumption in the current month can be obtained, and if the remaining electricity fee is sufficient, the electric energy meter maintains normal operation, and if the remaining electricity fee is insufficient, the rate calculation module 105 outputs alarm information to the alarm control module 106, and outputs power-off information to the meter power-off mechanism after a set period of time, and outputs display information to the display control module 104, and the energy meter error module 107 is used to report an error. And save the settings before the error warning is issued. If the power is suddenly turned off at this time, the user may be caused a certain loss, especially for the enterprise user.
  • the power meter of the present invention further includes an overdraft processing module, and the overdraft processing module is connected to the rate calculation module 105 and the power meter is powered off.
  • the communication module 100 inputs the overdraft amount threshold and the overdraft rate to the overdraft processing module, when the remaining electricity fee is zero, the generated electricity is the overdraft power, and the overdraft electricity fee is calculated according to the overdraft rate, and the user can use the overdraft facility. Electric to the overdraft amount threshold.
  • the electric energy meter further includes an electric power processing module connected between the overdraft processing module and the electric meter power-off mechanism.
  • the communication module 100 inputs the threshold of the credit amount and the delinquent rate to the Referring to the under-utilization processing module, when the overdraftable electricity fee reaches the overdraft threshold, the amount of electricity generated is the amount of electricity that is owed, and the electricity owed is calculated according to the levy rate, and the user may owe the electricity to the threshold.
  • the overdraft processing module and the ⁇ underutilized power processing module may not be included at the same time. If the overdraft processing module is not included, the ⁇ ⁇ power processing module is connected between the rate calculation module 105 and the meter power off mechanism, when the remaining electricity fee is The ⁇ underutilized processing module is directly activated after zero.
  • the electric energy meter may further include a load control module, one input end of the load control module is connected to the output end of the power metering module 102, and the other input end is connected to the user load threshold output by the communication module 100; An output terminal is connected to the alarm control module 106, the second output terminal is connected to the power meter power-off mechanism, and the third output terminal is connected to the display control module 104 to display overload information.
  • the working principle of the load control module is to limit the user's power load by setting a load threshold, and determine whether the current demand amount and the current power are both greater than the user load threshold. If not, the energy meter continues to work normally;
  • the power-off information is sent to determine whether the number of overloaded power-offs is greater than the maximum allowable number. If it is not greater than the maximum allowable number, the overload pre-alarm is activated, and the number of overloaded power-offs is accumulated, and the user can recover by self-pressing or inserting a card. Power supply; otherwise, the overload power failure alarm will be activated, and the power supply department must restore the power supply.
  • the maximum allowable number of overload power failures can be set through the interface unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows an electric energy meter product using the electric energy meter structure according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the electric energy meter including an upper cover plastic lead seal 1, an upper cover seal screw 2, an upper cover 3, an alarm indication 4, and a pulse.
  • Indication 5 Carmen 6, CPU card and CPU card slot 7, wheel display button 8, upper cover seal screw 9, upper cover lead seal 10, wiring socket 11, terminal cover seal screw 12, terminal cover 13.
  • Set button 14 terminal fixing screw 15, terminal 16, pulse test output 17, infrared communication interface 18, liquid crystal display 19, panel 20, and bottom case 21.
  • the display item of the liquid crystal display 19 includes a display code, a ladder rate category identifier, a unit, a remaining amount bar indicator, a data display item, a communication identifier, and a reverse power indicator.
  • the data The display item display content includes power data, setting parameters, historical data, time, current real-time power, and the like, and the parameters involved in the energy meter can be displayed by the data item, and the specific embodiment adopts a 6-bit integer 2 bits.
  • the decimal code is displayed; the display code uses the 2-bit flag data to represent the historical power consumption data and the electricity meter setting parameter; the ladder rate type identification is indicated by T1, T2, T3, and T4.
  • the remaining amount bar indicates that each bar represents the remaining amount of 10 currency units, and there are 9 bars in total.
  • the remaining amount is greater than or equal to 90 currency units, the bar is fully displayed; when the value is greater than or equal to 80, the currency unit is less than 90 currency units, and 8 bars are displayed; and so on, when the remaining amount is less than 10 currency units, the bar is not displayed.
  • the data display item is not limited to the 6-bit integer 2-bit fractional method described in the specific embodiment, and the display code is not limited to the 2-bit flag data described in the specific embodiment
  • the item to be displayed in the present invention is 71 items, and the number of display code bits of the display item as long as it satisfies sufficient identifiers belongs to the protection scope of the present invention; the step rate rate type identifier is not limited to the T1 to the specific embodiment.
  • the T4 four indications, as long as the other types of ladder rate types stored in the electric energy meter can be distinguished, are all within the protection scope of the present invention; the remaining amount bar indication is not limited to the nine bars described in the specific embodiment. Other methods as long as the amount of remaining amount can be clearly displayed are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal display 19 is not limited to the number of display items and the display mode described in the specific embodiment, and other display modes that combine the automatic wheel display and the key wheel display that meet the user's requirements are all protected by the present invention. range.
  • the setting button 14 is a setting or clearing button; the terminal has four terminals corresponding to the terminal 16, as shown in FIG. 6(a), respectively: phase line access, phase line connection, and center line connection.
  • the input and the neutral line output, the wiring relationship is shown in Figure 6 (b), the specific embodiment of the present invention uses 5KV isolation voltage, the output is 50V DC voltage, the maximum current is 50mA optocoupler as the energy pulse output 5 and 8, such as the dotted line As shown in the box, this optocoupler does not have external power and protection.
  • the optocoupler output and other circuits of the energy meter can withstand 5KV insulation, so even if the optocoupler output end inside the energy meter is broken, it will not affect the metering function and other control functions of the energy meter; a coil is connected between the phase line and the neutral line. Auxiliary detection of electrical parameters.
  • the power meter can detect the power-cutting behavior. After the behavior lasts for more than 1 minute, the tamper indication is displayed on the LCD screen. If the tampering behavior lasts for more than 1 minute, the energy meter will record the number of thieves and the total tampering time through the storage module 103. In this embodiment, the time is measured in minutes.
  • the CPU card into which the CPU card slot 7 can be inserted includes a user card and a detection card, wherein the user card is provided to the user for opening an account, purchasing electricity, and charging operation; and the detecting card is supplied by the power supply department to perform meter reading or setting parameters of the electric energy meter.
  • the power supply department can also use the test card and the setting button 14 on the meter to perform a table change operation on the energy meter. Regardless of the swap-in or swap-out operation, the setting button 14 on the table must be pressed, and the specific table changing operation steps are as follows. Show:
  • the swap data file in the test card must be an empty file. At the same time, there should be no new power stealing behavior since the last meter reading, otherwise the power meter will not be executed. The operation is reported and an error is reported; if the swap-out operation is successfully completed, the power meter cuts off the power supply and enters the changed state, and the remaining power bar on the LCD screen flashes.
  • the data file exchanged in the test card When performing the energy meter data swapping operation, the data file exchanged in the test card must be valid and the data file must be empty. Otherwise, the power meter will not perform the swap-in operation and report an error; if the swap-in operation is completed successfully, then The power meter cuts off the power supply and enters the state of the swap-in table. At this time, the user card or the test card should be inserted again, so that the swap-in table updates the energy meter setting parameters, exits the swap-in state and enters the opened account state, and starts normal operation.
  • each test card can only perform the swap-in and swap-in operations once. After the meter is changed, the sales department must be ordered to let the power-selling system perform the statistics of the table-change operation and clear the swap-out/exchange data file on the card. In order to carry out the next table change operation.

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Abstract

一种CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，该电能表包括接口单元、电源电路单元、电能计量及电参数检测单元、电表断电机构、MCU控制单元，所述接口单元、电源电路单元和电能计量及电参数检测单元均分别输入至MCU控制单元，MCU控制单元输出断电信息至电表断电机构，所述电源电路单元同时为电能计量及电参数检测单元提供电源；该电能表还包括显示单元、ESAM单元和报警单元，所述ESAM单元连接于接口单元和MCU控制单元之间，所述显示单元和报警单元均由MCU控制单元输出的控制信息激活。所述电能表采用了阶梯电价，可根据用户每月用电量的大小给予不同的电价，方便供电局灵活选择鼓励用电或限制用电政策。

Description

CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种电能表，特别的是涉及一种以CPU卡为信息交换介质的自动控制用电计量和用电结算的电能表。
【背景技术】
随着电子技术的迅猛发展，大规模集成电路在电能表中得到广泛的应用。传统的感应式电能表需要工作人员上门抄表或通断电、计算电费、邮寄电费单等，且会出现延迟付款和坏账问题，特别是在供电企业的用户群中，用电量比较大，应付的电费额度也比较大，及时回收其电费是供电企业经营中的重点和难点，而且很难实行不同的时间段采用不同的费率等用电调控措施。
而电子式电能表与感应式电能表相比，具有测量精度高，过载能力强，功率消耗低，性能稳定可靠，体积小，重量轻，操作简便，易于实现管理功能的扩展、一表多用等特点。全电子式多功能电能表采用高精度计量芯片，完成各种电参数的精密计算及测量，可以实现用户用电量的自动抄收以及银行联网、自动结算电费的技术。
现有技术中已有预付费电能表，但费率一般比较固定，或者规定多种费率，从而需要一定的存储空间。另外对于信息的显示较少、缺乏出现金额不足等的提醒功能及应急功能，因此给用户的使用带来一定的不便。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于提出一种阶梯电价的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，可在每月根据用户用电量的大小给予不同的电价，起到鼓励用电或限制用电的目的。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，该电能表包括接口单元、电源电路单元、电能计量及电参数检测单元、电表断电机构、MCU控制单元，所述接口单元、电源电路单元和电能计量及电参数检测单元均分别输入至MCU控制单元，MCU控制单元输出断电信息至电表断电机构，所述电源电路单元同时为电能计量及电参数检测单元提供电源；其中，该电能表还包括连接所述显示控制模块(104)的显示单元、连接在接口单元和通讯模块(100)之间的ESAM单元和连接所述报警控制模块的报警单元，所述ESAM单元连接于接口单元和MCU控制单元之间，所述显示单元和报警单元均由MCU控制单元输出的控制信息激活，所述MCU控制单元包括通讯模块、时钟模块、功率计量模块、存储模块、显示控制模块、费率计算模块、报警控制模块，以及电能表报错模块，其中，所述通讯模块、时钟模块和功率计量模块均将各自信息分别输入至显示控制模块和存储模块，所述存储模块输出连接至费率计算模块和显示控制模块，所述费率计算模块的一输出端输出断电信息，另两个输出端分别接报警控制模块和显示控制模块，所述报警控制模块一输出端接显示控制模块，另一输出端输出报警信息，所述显示控制模块输出显示控制信息，所述MCU控制单元用于在装电成功后开始工作，从存储模块中读取来自通讯模块的费率信息、来自时钟模块的时间信息、来自功率计量模块的用电功率信息，激活电能表若干费率中的当前费率种类，激活当前种费率下若干时区中当前时区的费率，将电能表设置的N个梯级电量E1至EN两两相邻划分为N+1个区间，分别是：[0，E1)、[E1，E2)直到[EN，+∞]，每个区间对应一个阶梯电价P0至PN，其中，N为自然数，判断当月当前用电量所属的区间，在所属区间的部分执行该区间对应的电价，所述各个区间的电价之和得到当月当前用电所需电费，减去该电费得到剩余电费，当计算得到剩余电费后，若剩余电费充足，则正常工作；当剩余金额低于设定的预报警门限时，则费率计算模块输出剩余金额预报警信息至报警控制模块，使与报警控制模块相连的报警单元发出报警；当剩余金额低于设定的报警门限时，则费率计算模块输出剩余金额报警信息至报警控制模块，使报警单元发出报警，同时输出断电信息至电表断电机构，输出显示信息至显示控制模块，所述电能表报错模块用于报错警告，并保存发出报错警告前的设置。
所述设置的N个梯级电量E1至EN均满足大于等于零且升幂排列；所述设置的N+1个阶梯电价P0至PN+1按大小顺序排列。
所述MCU控制单元还包括一透支处理模块，所述透支处理模块连接于所述费率计算模块和电表断电机构之间，所述通讯模块输入透支金额门限和透支费率至所述透支处理模块，当电表中剩余电费递减到零时，可透支用电至所述设定的透支金额门限。
所述MCU控制单元还包括一赊欠用电处理模块，连接于所述费率计算模块(105)和电表断电机构之间，所述通讯模块输入赊欠金额门限和赊欠费率至所述赊欠用电处理模块，当所述电能表金额不足时，可赊欠用电至赊欠金额门限。
所述MCU控制单元还包括一赊欠用电处理模块，连接于所述透支处理模块和电表断电机构之间，所述通讯模块输入赊欠金额门限和赊欠费率至所述赊欠用电处理模块，当所述电能表金额不足时，可赊欠用电至赊欠金额门限。
所述MCU控制单元还包括一负荷控制模块，所述负荷控制模块的一输入端接功率计量模块的输出端，另一输入端接通讯模块输出的用户负荷门限；其一输出端接报警控制模块，第二输出端接电表断电机构，第三输出端接显示控制模块，所述负荷控制模块的工作过程为：
判断当前用电需求量及当前功率是否均大于用户负荷门限，若否，则电能表继续正常工作；
若是则发出断电信息，判断超负荷断电次数是否大于最大允许次数，若不大于最大允许次数，则输出超负荷预报警信息至报警控制模块，超负荷断电次数累加，且用户可通过自行按键或插卡恢复供电；否则输出超负荷断电报警信息至报警控制模块，且必须通过售电部门才能恢复供电，其中，超负荷断电最大允许次数可通过接口单元设置。
采用所述电能表结构的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，包括上盖塑料铅封、上盖铅封螺钉、上盖、报警指示、脉冲指示、卡门、CPU卡及CPU卡插槽，轮显按键、上盖铅封螺钉、上盖铅制铅封、接线插座、接线端盖铅封螺钉、接线端盖、设置按键、接线柱固定螺钉、接线柱、脉冲测试输出、红外通讯接口、液晶显示器、面板和底壳。
所述液晶显示器的显示项包括显示代码、阶梯费率种类标识、单位、剩余金额条棒指示、数据显示项、通讯标识和反向用电标识。
所述CPU卡及CPU卡插槽中CPU卡包括用户卡和检测卡，所述两种卡均可***该CPU卡插槽中，其中，所述用户卡供用户使用，所述检测卡提供给供电部门实现抄表或换表。
本发明的有益效果在于：所述电能表采用了阶梯电价，可根据用户每月用电量的大小给予不同的电价，在基本用电量范围内使用一个电价，超出基本用电量的用电量使用另一个电价，因此方便供电局灵活选择鼓励用电或限制用电政策，且不需按不同时段存储大量的电价数据，节省了存储空间。另外，当电表检测超负荷或剩余金额不足及需要断电时，均会发出声光报警；同时还可以设置给予用户一定的超负荷次数、透支额度和赊欠额度，防止突然断电给用户工作生活带来不便和损失，该电能表还提供钟表显示和实时功率显示实时负荷功能，方便用户及供电企业查询。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明具体实施方式所述电能表的整体结构框图；
图2是本发明具体实施方式所述MCU控制单元中计算剩余电费的流程图；
图3是本发明具体实施方式所述电表实现节约用电政策时的阶梯电价示意图；
图4是本发明具体实施方式所述电表实现鼓励用电政策时的阶梯电价示意图；
图5是本发明采用本发明具体实施方式所述电能表结构生产的一种电能表产品；
图6(a)是本发明具体实施方式所述电能表产品的接线柱标示；
图6(b)是本发明具体实施方式所述电能表产品的接线图示。
【具体实施方式】
以下结合附图，对本发明具体实施方式作详细的描述。
图1为本发明具体实施方式所述电能表的整体结构框图，该电能表包括接口单元、ESAM单元、电源电路单元、电能计量及电参数检测单元、显示单元、电表断电机构、报警单元和MCU控制单元，其中MCU控制单元包括通讯模块100、时钟模块101、功率计量模块102、存储模块103、显示控制模块104、费率计算模块105及报警控制模块106，以及电能表报错模块107。
其中，所述电源电路单元包括外接电源和RTC实时时钟电路，所述外接电源为MCU控制单元的时钟模块101、电能计量及电参数检测单元提供电源，所述RTC实时时钟电路为时钟模块101提供备用电源，使当外接电源断电时，内部的时钟模块101仍然保持工作状态。
所述接口单元包括红外接口和CPU卡接口。本具体实施例中，所述CPU卡带密钥控制，且采用3-DES算法，更具有兼容性。当***CPU卡至接口单元后，ESAM单元进行密钥认证过程，若认证不通过则拒绝装电，若认证通过则检测防囤积、购电装电次数是否匹配，若不匹配则拒绝装电，若匹配则进入装电过程，将CPU卡中的信息，包括购电金额和其它参数输入至通讯模块100，调整表中的相应参数值；
所述接口单元还可实现校时功能，所述校时功能包括编程校时和广播校时，其中编程校时有权限限制，可将实时时钟校到任意时间，包括年月日周时分秒；广播校时每天只能校时一次，且校准时间应在电能表时钟的±5分钟之内，否则电能表不接受该次广播校时。且电能表在校时成功后可记录总的校时次数以及最近5次的校时前后的日期时间，包括年月日周时分。
所述通讯模块100、时钟模块101和功率计量模块102均将各自信息输入至存储模块103中存储，等待费率计算模块105从中读取出进行电费的计算，从而得到剩余金额，当剩余金额低于设定的预报警门限时，则费率计算模块105输出剩余金额预报警信息至报警控制模块106，使与报警控制模块106相连的报警单元发出报警；当剩余金额低于设定的报警门限时，则费率计算模块105输出剩余金额报警信息至报警控制模块106，使报警单元发出报警，同时输出断电信息至电表断电机构。所述报警单元包括声控报警和光控报警两种电路，根据报警控制模块106的控制信息相应启动。
所述通讯模块100、时钟模块101、功率计量模块102、存储模块103、费率计算模块105、报警控制模块106均分别输入至显示控制模块104，由显示控制模块104按照自动轮显和按键轮显相结合的方式控制显示单元显示各个模块的相应信息。
图2所示为所述MCU控制单元中计算剩余电费的流程图，如图1所示的MCU控制单元的内部各模块按如下步骤工作：
步骤S200：装电成功后，电表开始工作；
步骤S201：从存储模块103中读取来自通讯模块100的费率信息、来自时钟模块101的时间信息、来自功率计量模块102的用电功率信息；
步骤S202：激活当前费率种类，本发明所述电能表可存储多种费率，本具体实施例中，以存储了4种费率为例，则激活当前设定的费率种类；
步骤S203：激活当前种费率下当前时区的费率，本发明所述电能表可将一年划分为N个时区，其中N为不大于一年总时间数的自然数，本具体实施例中，以划分为四种时区为例；
步骤S204：判断当月当前用电量是否小于梯级电量E1，若是，则进入步骤S205，若否，则跳转进入步骤S206；
步骤S205：执行电价P0，计算剩余电费，即按照电价P0计算用电所需电费；
步骤S206：再判断当月当前用电量是否小于梯级电量E2，若是则进入步骤S207，若否，则跳转进入步骤S208；
步骤S207：执行电价P1和P0，计算剩余电费，即按照电价P0计算小于梯级电量E1部分用电所需电费，按照电价P1计算超过梯级电量E1的用电量所需电费，减去所述两个区间的电费之和从而得到剩余电费；
步骤S208：判断当月当前用电量是否小于梯级电量E3，若是则跳转进入步骤S210，若否，则进入步骤S209；
步骤S209：执行电价P3、P2、P1、P0，即按照电价P0计算小于梯级电量E1部分用电所需电费，按照电价P1计算梯级电量E1和E2之间的用电量所需电费，按照电价P2计算梯级电量E2和E3之间的用电量所需电费，按照电价P3计算超过梯级电量E3的用电量所需电费，所述四个区间的电费之和为当前用电所需电费，减去该电费从而得到剩余电费；
步骤S210：执行电价P2、P1、P0，即按照电价P0计算小于梯级电量E1部分用电所需电费，按照电价P1计算梯级电量E1和E2之间的用电量所需电费，按照电价P2计算超过梯级电量E2的用电量所需电费，所述三个区间的电费之和为当前用电所需电费；减去该电费即可得到剩余电费；
值得注意的是，本发明所述梯级电量不局限于本具体实施方式所述的E1至E3三种，可设置为N种，本具体实施方式中用E1至EN表示，则对应阶梯电价为N+1种，用P0至PN表示，其中N为自然数，用户可综合考虑存储空间设定梯级个数，则MCU控制单元的工作流程按以上步骤依次递推。
其中梯级电量应满足：0≤E1≤E2≤E3≤......≤EN，则电能表设置的N个梯级电量E1至EN两两相邻将电量划分为N+1个区间，分别是：[0，E1)、[E1，E2)直到[EN，+∞]，每个区间对应一个电价，依次为P0至PN，若当月当前用电量在哪个区间的部分则执行该区间对应的电价。其中，阶梯电价P0至PN可满足升序幂排列，则该阶梯电价起到其限制用电的目的，如图3所示；若所述N+1个电价P0至PN依次降序排列，则该阶梯电价起到鼓励用电的目的，如图4所示。因此供电局可通过CPU卡设置不同的阶梯电价，从而可以灵活限电或鼓励用电，并可灵活控制限制用电及鼓励用电的程度，且由于只需存取梯级电量E1至EN和阶梯电价P0至PN，可通过减少电量的梯级数节省存储空间。
经过所述步骤的费率计算，即可得到当月当前用电量后剩余的电费，若剩余电费充足，则所述电能表保持正常工作，若所述剩余电费不足，则所述费率计算模块105会输出报警信息至报警控制模块106，并在持续一段设定的时间之后输出断电信息至电表断电机构，同时输出显示信息至显示控制模块104，电能表报错模块107用于报错警告，并保存发出报错警告前的设置。若此时突然断电，可能会给用户造成一定的损失，特别是企业用户，本发明所述电能表还包括一透支处理模块，所述透支处理模块连接于费率计算模块105和电表断电机构之间，且通讯模块100输入透支金额门限和透支费率至所述透支处理模块，当剩余电费为零后产生的电量为透支电量，按照所述透支费率计算透支电费，用户可透支用电至所述透支金额门限。
本发明具体实施方式所述电能表还包括一赊欠用电处理模块，连接于所述透支处理模块和所述电表断电机构之间，同样，通讯模块100输入赊欠金额门限和赊欠费率至所述赊欠用电处理模块，当可透支的电费达到透支金额门限后产生的电量为赊欠电量，按照所述赊欠费率计算赊欠电费，用户可赊欠用电至所述赊欠金额门限。
所述透支处理模块和赊欠用电处理模块可不同时包括，若不包含透支处理模块时，则所述赊欠用电处理模块连接于费率计算模块105和电表断电机构之间，当剩余电费为零后直接激活所述赊欠用电处理模块。
本发明具体实施方式所述电能表还可包括一负荷控制模块，所述负荷控制模块的一输入端接功率计量模块102的输出端，另一输入端接通讯模块100输出的用户负荷门限；其一输出端接报警控制模块106，第二输出端接电表断电机构，第三输出端接显示控制模块104，显示超负荷信息。
所述负荷控制模块的工作原理为通过设置一个负荷门限限制用户的用电负荷，判断当前需求量及当前功率是否均大于用户负荷门限，若否，则电能表继续正常工作；
若是则发出断电信息，判断超负荷断电次数是否大于最大允许次数，若不大于最大允许次数，则启动超负荷预报警，超负荷断电次数累加，且用户可通过自行按键或插卡恢复供电；否则启动超负荷断电报警，且必须通过售电部门才能恢复供电，其中，超负荷断电最大允许次数可通过接口单元设置。
如图5所示为采用本发明具体实施方式所述的电能表结构的电能表产品，该电能表包括上盖塑料铅封1、上盖铅封螺钉2、上盖3、报警指示4、脉冲指示5、卡门6、CPU卡及CPU卡插槽7，轮显按键8、上盖铅封螺钉9、上盖铅制铅封10、接线插座11、接线端盖铅封螺钉12、接线端盖13、设置按键14、接线柱固定螺钉15、接线柱16、脉冲测试输出17、红外通讯接口18、液晶显示器19、面板20和底壳21。
所述液晶显示器19的显示项包括显示代码、阶梯费率种类标识、单位、剩余金额条棒指示、数据显示项、通讯标识和反向用电标识，其中，本具体实施方式中，所述数据显示项显示内容包括用电数据、设置参数、历史数据、时间、当前实时功率等数据项，电能表中涉及的参数均可通过该数据项显示，且本具体实施方式中采用6位整数2位小数来显示；所述显示代码采用2位标志数据表示历史用电数据及电表设置参数；所述阶梯费率种类标识用T1、T2、T3和T4来指示。
本具体实施方式中，所述剩余金额条棒指示每一个条块代表10货币单位的剩余金额，共有9个条块。当剩余金额大于等于90货币单位时，条棒全显；大于等于80货币单位小于90货币单位时，显示8个条块；以此类推，当剩余金额小于10货币单位时，条棒不显示。
值得注意的是，所述数据显示项并不局限于本具体实施方式所述的6位整数2位小数方式，所述显示代码也不局限于本具体实施方式所述的2位标志数据，由于本发明需要显示的项目为71项，其它只要满足足够标识显示项目的显示代码位数均属于本发明的保护范围；所述阶梯费率种类标识也不局限于本具体实施方式所述的T1至T4四种指示，其它只要能区分电能表所存储的阶梯费率种类个数均属于本发明的保护范围；所述剩余金额条棒指示也不局限于本具体实施方式所述9个条块，其它只要能清楚显示剩余金额量的方式均属于本发明保护的范围。
所述液晶显示器19也不局限于本具体实施方式所述的显示项数及显示方式，其它只要能满足用户需求的自动轮显和按键轮显相结合的显示方式，均属于本发明所要保护的范围。
所述设置按键14为设置或清零按键；所述与接线柱16相应的有四个接线柱，如图6(a)所示，分别为：相线接入、相线接出、中线接入和中线输出，其接线关系如图6(b)所示，本发明具体实施方式采用5KV隔离电压、输出为50V直流电压，最大电流为50mA的光耦作为电能脉冲输出⑤和⑧，如虚线框内所示，此光耦不具备外部电源和保护能力。光耦输出和电能表其它回路之间可承受5KV的绝缘，因此即使电能表内部的光耦输出端被击穿不会影响电能表的计量功能和其它控制功能；相线和中线之间接一线圈辅助检测用电参数。
当断电条件满足，电能表断开用电负荷时，若用户在外部短接电能表如图6(a)所示的进出线进行窃电，电能表可以检测到这种窃电行为，当此行为持续时间超过1分钟后，液晶屏上显示窃电标示，若窃电行为再持续1分钟以上时，电能表将会通过存储模块103记录窃电发生的次数和总的窃电时间，其中本具体实施方式中，时间以分钟来计量。
其中，所述CPU卡槽7可***的CPU卡包括用户卡和检测卡，其中用户卡提供给用户进行开户、购电及装电操作；检测卡供供电部门对电能表进行抄表或设置参数，供电部门还可利用检测卡和表上的设置按键14对电能表进行换表操作，不论换入或换出操作，都必须按下表上的设置按键14，具体的换表操作步骤如下所示：
当按下表上的设置按键14并***检测卡时，若表为已开户状态，则执行电能表的数据换出操作；若表为未开户状态，则执行电能表数据换入操作。
当执行电能表数据换出操作时，检测卡中的换出数据文件必须为空文件，同时电能表中自上次抄表后应该没有新的窃电行为发生过，否则电能表将不执行换出操作并报告错误；若换出操作成功完成，则电能表切断供电，进入已换表状态，液晶屏上的剩余电量条棒闪烁。
当执行电能表数据换入操作时，检测卡中换出数据文件必须有效且换入数据文件必须为空文件，否则电能表将不执行换入操作并报告错误；若换入操作成功完成，则电能表切断供电，进入换入表状态，这时应再***用户卡或检测卡，使换入表更新电能表设置参数，退出换入表状态进入已开户状态，开始正常运行。
其中，每张检测卡只能执行换出换入操作各一次，换表后须拿到售电部门让售电***进行换表作业统计存档并清空卡上的换出/换入数据文件，之后才能进行下一次换表操作。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，该电能表包括接口单元、电源电路单元、电能计量及电参数检测单元、电表断电机构、MCU控制单元，所述接口单元、电源电路单元和电能计量及电参数检测单元均分别输入至MCU控制单元，所述电源电路单元同时为电能计量及电参数检测单元提供电源；其特征在于，所述MCU控制单元包括通讯模块(100)、时钟模块(101)、功率计量模块(102)、存储模块(103)、显示控制模块(104)、费率计算模块(105)、报警控制模块(106)以及电能表报错模块（107），该电能表还包括连接所述显示控制模块(104)的显示单元、连接在接口单元和通讯模块(100)之间的ESAM单元和连接所述报警控制模块的报警单元，所述ESAM单元连接于接口单元和通讯模块(100)之间，其中，所述通讯模块(100)、时钟模块(101)和功率计量模块(102)均将各自信息分别输入至显示控制模块(104)和存储模块(103)，所述存储模块(103)输出连接至费率计算模块(105)和显示控制模块(104)，所述费率计算模块(105)的一输出端输出断电信息至电表断电机构，另两个输出端分别接报警控制模块(106)和显示控制模块(104)，所述报警控制模块(106)一输出端接显示控制模块(104)，另一输出端输出报警信息，所述显示控制模块(104)输出显示控制信息，所述MCU控制单元用于在装电成功后开始工作，从存储模块(103)中读取来自通讯模块(100)的费率信息、来自时钟模块(101)的时间信息、来自功率计量模块(102)的用电功率信息，激活电能表若干费率中的当前费率种类，激活当前种费率下若干时区中当前时区的费率，将电能表设置的N个梯级电量E1至EN两两相邻划分为N+1个区间，分别是：[0，E1)、[E1，E2)直到[EN，+∞]，每个区间对应一个阶梯电价P0至PN，其中，N为自然数，判断当月当前用电量所属的区间，在所属区间的部分执行该区间对应的电价，所述各个区间的电价之和得到当月当前用电所需电费，减去该电费得到剩余电费，当计算得到剩余电费后，若剩余电费充足，则正常工作；当剩余金额低于设定的预报警门限时，则费率计算模块(105)输出剩余金额预报警信息至报警控制模块(106)，使与报警控制模块(106)相连的报警单元发出报警；当剩余金额低于设定的报警门限时，则费率计算模块(105)输出剩余金额报警信息至报警控制模块(106)，使报警单元发出报警，同时输出断电信息至电表断电机构，输出显示信息至显示控制模块(104)，所述电能表报错模块（107）用于报错警告，并保存发出报错警告前的设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述设置的N个梯级电量E1至EN均满足大于等于零且升幂排列；所述设置的N+1个阶梯电价P0至PN+1按大小顺序排列。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述MCU控制单元还包括一透支处理模块，所述透支处理模块连接于所述费率计算模块(105)和电表断电机构之间，所述通讯模块(100)输入透支金额门限和透支费率至所述透支处理模块，当电表中剩余电费递减到零时，可透支用电至所述设定的透支金额门限。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述MCU控制单元还包括一赊欠用电处理模块，连接于所述费率计算模块(105)和电表断电机构之间，所述通讯模块(100)输入赊欠金额门限和赊欠费率至所述赊欠用电处理模块，当所述电能表金额不足时，可赊欠用电至赊欠金额门限。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述MCU控制单元还包括一赊欠用电处理模块，连接于所述透支处理模块和电表断电机构之间，所述通讯模块(100)输入赊欠金额门限和赊欠费率至所述赊欠用电处理模块，当所述电能表金额不足时，可赊欠用电至赊欠金额门限。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述MCU控制单元还包括一负荷控制模块，所述负荷控制模块的一输入端接功率计量模块(102)的输出端，另一输入端接通讯模块(100)输出的用户负荷门限；其一输出端接报警控制模块(106)，第二输出端接电表断电机构，第三输出端接显示控制模块(104)，所述负荷控制模块的工作过程为：
    判断当前用电需求量及当前功率是否均大于用户负荷门限，若否，则电能表继续正常工作；
    若是则发出断电信息，判断超负荷断电次数是否大于最大允许次数，若不大于最大允许次数，则输出超负荷预报警信息至报警控制模块(106)，超负荷断电次数累加，且用户可通过自行按键或插卡恢复供电；否则输出超负荷断电报警信息至报警控制模块(106)，且必须通过售电部门才能恢复供电，其中，超负荷断电最大允许次数可通过接口单元设置。
  7. 采用权利要求1所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，该电能表包括上盖塑料铅封(1)、上盖铅封螺钉(2)、上盖(3)、报警指示(4)、脉冲指示(5)、卡门(6)、CPU卡及CPU卡插槽(7)，轮显按键(8)、上盖铅封螺钉(9)、上盖铅制铅封(10)、接线插座(11)、接线端盖铅封螺钉(12)、接线端盖(13)、设置按键(14)、接线柱固定螺钉(15)、接线柱(16)、脉冲测试输出(17)、红外通讯接口(18)、液晶显示器(19)、面板(20)和底壳(21)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述液晶显示器(19)的显示项包括显示代码、阶梯费率种类标识、单位、剩余金额条棒指示、数据显示项、通讯标识和反向用电标识。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的CPU卡单三相电子式预付费阶梯电价电能表，其特征在于，所述CPU卡及CPU卡插槽(7)中CPU卡包括用户卡和检测卡，所述两种卡均可***该CPU卡插槽中，其中，所述用户卡供用户使用，所述检测卡提供给供电部门实现抄表或换表。
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CN116027089A (zh) * 2023-03-14 2023-04-28 浙江万胜智能科技股份有限公司 一种基于物联网的单相费控电能表
CN116027089B (zh) * 2023-03-14 2024-01-26 浙江万胜智能科技股份有限公司 一种基于物联网的单相费控电能表

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